Latihan Soal Hukum

Thermo II
(Reservoir Energi Termal, Mesin Kalor & Efisiensi
Termal, Refrigerator & Pompa Kalor)

Redika A. Kusuma
レディカ アルディ クスマ
Jumat 22 Nopember 2019
A. Konsep
1 kWh panas ke
elemen heater ≠
1 kWh listrik
 1 kWh listrik ke
elemen heater ≠ 2
kWh panas di air
Memakai steam 120oC untuk memanaskan air
kopi hingga 125oC?

Mustahil (panas tidak

berpindah ke suhu yg lebih tinggi)
Reservoir thermal
Bisa memasok / menyerap sejumlah panas
tanpa berubah suhunya
Reservoir thermal
Udara Panas Oven untuk manggang Pizza
 Efisiensi PASTI <100%
(meskipun jika tanpa gesekan)

Mesin kalor bisa beroperasi tanpa

hasilkan panas terbuang ke reservoir
suhu rendah

Hal Mustahil!

Heat engines are cyclic devices that receive heat from a source, convert some of it to work, and reject the rest to a sink
No Heat Engine can
convert all the heat it
receives to useful work
 Mana lebih efisien

a) b)

Panas hilang yg B lebih minimal, butuh energi lebih sedikit guna mencapai suhu target
 Apa Beda

a) b)

a) suhu kulkas 10oC tapi Suhu dapur 25oC b) suhu udara luar 10oC tapi suhu dalam rumah 25oC
LPLT refrigerant is Condenser (HT heat
raised to P that match exchanger): refrigerant
the desired T in enters (HTHP vapour),
condenser. P T rejects heat to the heat
refrigerant will sink by condensation -
increase. leaves (HTHP liquid)

Before evaporator:
HTHP liquid refrigerant
must be changed to the
Evaporator (LT HE):
LTLP mixliquid using
refrigerant enters (LTLP
throttling device
mixliquid), absorbs
(expansion valve). P
heat from the heat
drops, refrigerant
source by evaporation
evaporate in the valve
- leaves (LTLP vapour).
and its T drop
 Apa Beda

a) b)
 COP 2.5

The COP (Effective Performance Ratio - EPR) can be more that

one since the heat transferred can be more than power
required by the refrigerator but the efficiency can never be
more than one since the power generated by engine cannot be
more than the total heat content of the fuel.
Heat cannot
spontaneously flow from
cold system to hot system
without external work
being performed on the
system.
B. Analisis
memiliki efisiensi
40% dan hasilkan
daya 30 hp. Hitung
laju panas
dipindahkan ke
mesin (kJ/s)
Mesin Kalor
efisiensinya 40% dg
panas terbuang 1000
kJ/kg. Hitung panas
yang diterima mesin
-12 C dg
refrigerator di
lingkungan 30oC.
Total panas yang
ada di frezer 3300
kJ/h dan panas
dibuang 4800 kJ/h.
Tentukan daya
listrik yg
suhu rumah tetap
23oC. Rumah
kehilangan panas ke
lingkungan 60.000
kJ/h, sedangkan
energi yg
dihasilkan dari
aktivitas penghuni
rumah 4000 kj/h.
SELESAI