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A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted By
ADITYA RAJPUT
ROLL NO___________
XII SCIENCE
(2019-2020)
of
RMG MAHESHWARI ENGLISH SCHOOL
RMG MAHESHWARI ENGLISH SCHOOL
Ladvi , SURAT
CERIFICATE
I would like to express our sincere gratitude to Chairman Shri. Meghraj Gandhi, Principal
Dr.Mallikarjun Karimungi (MSc, PhD, B.Ed.) for the support and constant encouragement
throughout the project.
We are also thankful and grateful to Mr. Mahesh Mahajan and our Guide Mr. Ghyanshyam
Chodvadiya for reviewing my project and providing valuable feedbacks and suggestions amidst
their busy schedule.
I would like to have a special mention of our Class Teacher Mr. Bhavik Patel for the guidance.
I could not have finished this work without support of my family. They are dearest in heart and
great source of motivation.
My hearty appreciation and thanks to my friends whose support and encouragement made all this
possible.
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher Mr. Ghyansyam as well as our
principal who gave
me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic Laser Security System
” doing a lot of research and I came to know
Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing
this project within the limited time.
INDEX
1. Objective…………………………………….1
2. Theory………………………………………..1
3. Materials Required………………………...2
4. Procedure…………………………………...4
5. Precautions………………………………....5
6. Working……………………………………...5
a) Laser Security System Locks
b) Working Of Laser Security System
c) LASER System
d) Advantages of a Laser Security System
e) A low-cost laser security system
7. Application………………………………….12
8. Conclusion………………………………….13
9. References………………………………….14
Laser Security System
Objective
To make and study the functions of a Laser Security System.
Theory
This system for security uses the combination of LASER light and LDR. The LDR
module has an on board potentiometer to adjust the sensitivity of LDR, so that
it only senses laser light falling onto it. The concept is quite simple and similar
to what we see in movies where antique, priceless ornaments are protected
under laser lights. As someone crosses these lights, an alarm runs on to
indicate unauthorised presence. This project works similarly. In normal
conditions, where there is always laser light falling on the LDR, the LDR module
always gives a high signal to microcontroller. When someone crosses this laser
light, it will behave as an obstruction between the LDR module and laser light,
resulting in no light falling on LDR. In such cases LDR module gives a low signal
to the microcontroller, which indicates it to switch on an alarm
Materials Required
• Electric buzzer
• LDR (Light Dependent Resistance)
• Breadboard
• 10k ohm Resistor
• 9V Battery
• Laser
• Connecting Wires
• Transistor
Circuit Diagram
Procedure
1. Take the breadboard and mark its two extreme sides , any one as positive
and other as negative.
2. Use the circuit diagram and make the connections as follows.
3. Punch in the transistor on the breadboard.
4. Connect the emitter of the transistor with negative side of breadboard using
a wire.
5. Connect the LDR with base of transistor and negative side of breadboard.
6. Connect the buzzer with collector of transistor and positive side of
breadboard.
7. Now connect the 10k ohm resistor with base of transistor and positive side
of bread board.
8. Now connect the battery and at this time the buzzer would be ringing.
9. Now drop the laser light upon the receptive surface of the LDR and the
buzzer stops ringing.
Precautions
Cheap laser pointers that we find in most stores are generally restricted to
5mW or less. These are generally considered safe. However, it is still possible
to damage your eyes if you are not careful. When working with lasers, it is a
good idea to wear the appropriate eye protection. Avoid looking directly at the
laser diode. Also never point lasers at aircraft.
Working
• This circuit is based on LDR (Light Depended Resistor),variable resistor in
which the resistance varies according to the light intensity falling on it.
• LDR and resistor R1 forms a potential driver network which is the main
• The voltage drop across the LDR is used t drive the transistor switch. When
the voltage drop is above cut in voltage (0.6v),the transistor is turn ON.
• LDR has low resistance in the presence of light and high resistance in the
absence of light.
• In our security alarm, a laser light is allowed to fall on the LDR continuously
using 3 mirrors.
• Light from another source should not allowed to fall on the LDR, so place the
LDR in a box with a single hole to pass laser.
• In this situation the resistance offered by LDR is too low. Since the LASER
light is continuously
• In this situation the resistance offered by LDR is too low .Since the LASER
light is continuously allowed to fall on the LDR surface.
• Thus the voltage drop across the LDR is also low [V=IR(Ohm’s Law)] which is
insufficient to turn ON the transistor, so the transistor remains off state.
• When a person makes a blocks to the continuously flow of LASER beam
• While resistance increases voltage drop also increases when this voltage
drop exceeds cut in voltage of silicon NPN transistor(2N7000) it will turn ON.
• Then current from vice starts flowing to ground via the buzzer and transistor,
which makes the beep sound.
.
Laser Security System Locks Working Along
With Circuit Diagram
Laser door alarm is based on the interruption of Laser beam. The laser
pointer is used as the source of light beam. If somebody tries to break the
laser path, then an alarm will be generated in a few seconds. Normally
laser door alarm circuit will have two sections. First one, laser transmitter
is a laser pointer readily available. This is powered with 3 volt DC supply
and fixed on one side of the door frame. The receiver will have a Photo
transistor at the front end. We use L14F1 NPN Darlington photo transistor
as a laser sensor. Here IC1 is used as a voltage comparator with its
inverting input tied to a potential divider R2-R3. We use the inverting input
to keep at half supply voltage.
Solid objects will reflect back a certain percentage of the emitted light
energy. It only needs to be a small percentage for our sensitive detector
to pick it. We can measure the time it takes for a laser pulse to travel to
the target and back with a reflection. By knowing the constant speed of
light we can calculate the distance traveled.
To get increased accuracy our laser process as many as sixty pulses in a
single measurement period. Target acquisition times range will be half
second. Sophisticated accuracy validation algorithms are in place to
ensure a reliable reading.
LTI lasers are completely eye safe and meets FDA Class 1. The radiated
light power of our lasers is on the order of 50 micro watts. i.e.
approximately one twentieth the light power of a typical TV remote control
The Laser security systems are high tech innovations that have gained
popularity in home and office security systems. These are used to be
expensive solutions for security needs. Depending on cost and fast
technological advancements laser security systems becoming more
adoptable. The features and specifications of the laser security system
can be had in detail from the security system dealers who provide high
end solutions based on requirement.