export subsidies:

Export subsidy is a government policy to encourage export of goods and discourage sale of
goods on the domestic market through direct payments, low-cost loans, tax relief for exporters,
or government-financed international advertising

customs union:
A customs union is generally defined as a type of trade bloc which is composed of a free trade
area with a common external tariff. Customs unions are established through trade pacts where
the participant countries set up common external trade policy (in some cases they use different
import quotas)

protective tariff:
A duty imposed on imports to raise their price, making them less attractive to consumers and
thus protecting domestic industries from foreign competition

Economic integration:
is the unification of economic policies between different states, through the partial or full
abolition of tariff and non-tariff restrictions on trade.

Quota:
A quota is a government-imposed trade restriction that limits the number or monetary value of
goods that a country can import or export during a particular period. Countries use quotas in
international trade to help regulate the volume of trade between them and other countries.

Economic of scale:
In microeconomics, economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their
scale of operation, with cost per unit of output decreasing with increasing scale
OR

Economies of scale are cost advantages reaped by companies when production

becomes efficient. Companies can achieve economies of scale by increasing
production and lowering costs. This happens because costs are spread over a
larger number of goods. Costs can be both fixed and variable.

what are the features of quota?

There are two basic types of disk quotas. The first, known as a usage quota or block quota, limits the
amount of disk space that can be used. The second, known as a file quota or inode quota, limits the
number of files and directories that can be created.

does the dumping influence an international trade?

The positive effects are: Consumers of the product being dumped in the importing country
benefit from lower prices. This will save them money. Dumping can force industries or
companies in the foreign markets (importing markets) to become more competitive and
innovative
what are the forms of economic integration?

The degree of economic integration can be categorized into seven stages:

Preferential trading area.
Free-trade area.
Customs union.
Single market.
Economic union.
Economic and monetary union.
Complete economic integration

what is the difference between domestic trade and international trade?

Domestic trade can never involve more than one country, but international trade always involves
two or more countries. Domestic trade, to a large extent involves the use of mainly local
currency in trading, whereas international trade involves the use of foreign currencies

1)Domestic trade always takes place within the borders of a given country,
while international trade always goes beyond the borders of a given country.

2)Domestic trade can never involve more than one country, but international
trade always involves two or more countries.

3)Domestic trade, to a large extent involves the use of mainly local currency in
trading, whereas international trade involves the use of foreign currencies. The
U.S. dollar is the standard currency used in international trade.

explain the main view of the factor proportion trade theory?

Trade theory, like all of economic theory, changed drastically in the first half of the twentieth century.
The factor proportions theory developed by the Swedish economist Eli Heckscher, and later
expanded by his former graduate student Bertil Ohlin, formed the major theory of international trade
and is still widely accepted today. Whereas Smith and Ricardo emphasized a labor theory of value,
the factor proportions theory is based on a more modern concept of production that raises capital to
the same level of importance as labor.

explain the view of the compare advantage trade theory?

Economic theory suggests that, if countries apply the principle of comparative advantage,
combined output will be increased in comparison with the output that would be produced if the
two countries tried to become self-sufficient and allocate resources towards production of both
goods
export subsidies:
Export subsidy is a government policy to encourage export of goods and discourage sale of
goods on the domestic market through direct payments, low-cost loans, tax relief for exporters,
or government-financed international advertising.