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 Intext Exercise 1
Question 1:
Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air?
Solution 1:
Magnesium is a reactive metal. it will reacts with oxygen and form a layer of MgO (white layer)
on surface of the metal. Magnesium oxide is very stable compound and after formation of this
layer it will not reacts further. For the removal of this layer magnesium ribbon cleaned by sand
paper.

Question 2:
Write the balanced equation for the following chemical reactions.
(i) Hydrogen + Chlorine → Hydrogen chloride
(ii) Barium chloride + Aluminium sulphate → Barium sulphate +Aluminium chloride
(iii) Sodium + Water → Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen
Solution 2:

Question 3:
Write a balanced chemical equation with state symbols for the following reactions.
(i) Solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulphate in water react to give insoluble barium
sulphate and the solution of sodium chloride.
(ii) Sodium hydroxide solution (in water) reacts with hydrochloric acid solution (in water)to
produce sodium chloride solution and water.
Solution 3:
 Study Materials
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
Revision Notes for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 6 to 12 Mathematics
RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 6, 7 & 10 Mathematics
Important Questions for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9, 10 & 12 (Math &
Science)
Important Formula for Class 6 to 12 Math
CBSE Syllabus for Class 6 to 12
Lakhmir Singh Solutions for Class 9 & 10
Previous Year Question Paper
CBSE Class 12 Previous Year Question Paper
CBSE Class 10 Previous Year Question Paper
JEE Main & Advanced Question Paper
NEET Previous Year Question Paper

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 Intext Exercise 2
Question 1:
A solution of a substance ‘X’ is used for white washing.
(i) Name the substance ‘X’ and write its formula.
(ii) Write the reaction of the substance ‘X’ named in (i) above with water.
Solution 1:
(i) Substance ‘X’ is calcium oxide (quick lime). CaO is the chemical formula of the calcium
oxide.
(ii) Calcium oxide reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide.It is a combination reaction.

Question 2:
Why is the amount of gas collected in one of the test tubes in Activity 1.7 double of the amount
collected in the other? Name this gas.
Solution 2:
Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen. Two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of the oxygen
formed water. In the process of electrolysis, hydrogen goes to the cathode and oxygen goes to the
anode. the ratio of hydrogen and oxygen gases are 2:1.

2H 2O → 2H 2 + O2
 Intext Exercise 3
Question 1:
Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an iron nail is dipped in it?
Solution 1:
When iron nail is dipped in the copper sulphate solution, the more reactive metal replaces the
least reactive metal. the blue solution of copper sulphate faded and form a green compound
called ferrous sulphate.

Question 2:
Give an example of a double displacement reaction other than the one given in Activity1.10.
Solution 2:
Potassium iodide reacts with lead nitrate to form lead iodide (yellow precipitate) and potassium
nitrate. it is a double displacement reaction (ion exchange).

2KI + Pb(NO3)2 → PbI2 + 2KNO3.

Question 3:
Identify the substances that are oxidised and the substances that are reduced in the following
reactions.

Solution 3:

(i) Sodium (Na) is oxidised and oxygen gets reduced.

4Na + O2 → 2Na 2O

(ii) Copper oxide (CuO) is reduced to copper (Cu) and hydrogen (H2) oxidised to water
(H2O).

NCERT Exercises

Question 1:
Which of the statements about the reaction below are incorrect?

(a) Lead is getting reduced.

(b) Carbon dioxide is getting oxidised.
(c) Carbon is getting oxidised.
(d) Lead oxide is getting reduced.
Options:
(i) (a) and (b)
(ii) (a) and (c)
(iii) (a), (b) and (c)
(iv) all
Solution 1:
(i) (a) and (b)

Question 2:

The above reaction is an example of a ___________

Options:
(a) combination reaction.
(b) double displacement reaction.
(c) decomposition reaction.
(d) displacement reaction.
Solution 2:
(d) This is an example of a single displacement reaction.

Question 3:What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to iron filings? Tick the
correct answer.
(a) Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced.
(b) Chlorine gas and iron hydroxide are produced.
(c) No reaction takes place.
(d) Iron salt and water are produced.
Solution 3:
(a) Hydrogen gas and iron chloride are produced. The reaction is as follows:

Question 4:
What is a balanced chemical equation? Why should chemical equations be balanced?
Solution 4:
According to the law of conservation of mass, Mass can neither be created nor be destroyed. In a
chemical reaction, the total mass of reactant should be equal to the total mass of products. In a
reaction all the elements of the both sides are equal.
Total mass of reactants = Total mass of products

Question 5:
Translate the following statements into chemical equations and then balance them.
(a) Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to form ammonia.
(b) Hydrogen sulphide gas burns in air to give water and sulphur dioxide.
(c) Barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give aluminium chloride and a
precipitate of barium sulphate.
(d) Potassium metal reacts with water to give potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Solution 5:

Question 6:
Balance the following chemical equations.

Solution 6:

Question 7:
Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions.
(a) Calcium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide → Calcium carbonate + Water
(b) Zinc + Silver nitrate → Zinc nitrate + Silver
(c) Aluminium + Copper chloride → Aluminium chloride + Copper
(d) Barium chloride + Potassium sulphate → Barium sulphate + Potassium chloride
Solution 7:

(c) 2Al + 3CuCl2 → 2AlCl3 + 3Cu

Question 8:
Write the balanced chemical equation for the following and identify the type of reaction in each
case.
(a)Potassium bromide (aq) + Barium iodide (aq) → Potassium iodide (aq) +
Barium bromide(s)
(b) Zinc carbonate (s) → Zinc oxide (s) + Carbon dioxide (g)
(c) Hydrogen (g) + Chlorine (g) → Hydrogen chloride (g)
(d) Magnesium (s) + Hydrochloric acid (aq) → Magnesium chloride (aq) + Hydrogen (g)
Solution 8:

(d) Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2(g) ; Single displacement reaction

Question 9:
What does one mean by exothermic and endothermic reactions? Give examples.
Solution 9:
Exothermic Reaction: The reactions in which heat is released along with the formation of
products are called exothermic reaction. The energy of the reactants is more than that of the
products.
Energy of reactants > Energy of products

Example: Complete combustion of methane

CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2 + 2H2O + heat + light

Respiration and decomposition of vegetable matter reactions are exothermic.

Endothermic Reaction: The reactions in which energy is absorbed by the reactants to complete
the reaction are called endothermic reaction. The energy of the reactants is less than that of the
products.
Energy of reactants < Energy of products

Example: Process of Photosynthesis

Question 10:
Why is respiration considered an exothermic reaction? Explain.
Solution 10:
During digestion, the food is broken down to form glucose. Glucose will combine with oxygen
in the cells of our body and provides energy. This reaction is called a respiration. It is an
exothermic reaction. The reactions in which heat is released along with the formation of products
are called exothermic reaction. The energy of the reactants is more than that of the products.
Energy of reactants > Energy of products

Question 11:
Why are decomposition reactions called the opposite of combination reactions? Write equations
for these reactions.
Solution 11:
In Decomposition reactions a single reactant breaks down into simpler products.
Example : Decomposition of calcium carbonate in the form of calcium oxide and carbon
dioxide
CaCO3 + Energy → CaO + CO2
Combination reactions are those reactions when two or more reactants combine to form a single
product.
Example : Combination of Calcium oxide and carbon dioxide to form one single product calcium
carbonate.
CaO + CO2 → CaCO3 + energy

Question 12:
Write one equation each for decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the form of
heat, light or electricity.
Solution 12:
(a) Decomposition by heat:

(b) Decomposition by light:

(c) Decomposition by electricity:

Question 13:
What is the difference between displacement and double displacement reactions? Write
equations for these reactions.
Solution 13:
In a displacement reaction, a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its
compound (generally salts).
Example : zinc is more reactive than copper.

In a double displacement reaction, two compounds react by exchange of ions to form two new
compounds (generally precipitation)

Example: On mixing sodium sulphate solution with barium chloride solution , a white precipitate
of barium sulphate is formed.

Question 14:
In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involved displacement
by copper metal. Write down the reaction involved.
Solution 14:

Question 15:
What do you mean by a precipitation reaction? Explain by giving examples.
Solution 15:
A reaction in which an insoluble substance formed is called a precipitation reaction.
Example 1 : On mixing sodium carbonate solution with calcium chloride solution , a white
precipitate of calcium carbonate is formed.

Example 2: On mixing sodium sulphate solution with barium chloride solution , a white
precipitate of barium sulphate is formed.

Question 16:
Explain the following in terms of gain or loss of oxygen with two examples each.
(a) Oxidation
(b) Reduction
Solution 16:
(a) Oxidation: Addition of oxygen or electronegative element to a substance or removal of
hydrogen or electropositive element from a substance is called oxidation.
For example:
(b) Reduction: Addition of hydrogen or electropositive element to a substance or removal of
oxygen or electronegative element from a substance is called reduction.

For example:

Question 17:
A shiny brown-coloured element ‘X’ on heating in air becomes black in colour. Name the
element ‘X’ and the black coloured compound formed.
Solution 17:
Copper (Cu) is X and the black colour compound is copper(II) oxide (CuO). When copper reacts
with oxygen to form the copper(II) oxide.

Question 18:
Why do we apply paint on iron articles?
Solution 18:
Iron articles gets corrode easily in the presence of moisture and air. For the prevention of rusting,
we have to paint the iron articles. When we apply the paint on iron articles the supply of
moisture and air will stop.

Question 19:
Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen. Why?
Solution 19:
Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen because nitrogen is an inert gas.
Nitrogen does not react easily. oil and fat oxidised easily when it will come under the oxygen.
the packets will be flushed with nitrogen so the oxygen is removed inside the packets. it is
directly prevention of oxidation of oil and fat substances. In this way, we can keep the oil and
fats containing food for a long time.

Question 20:
Explain the following terms with one example each.
(a) Corrosion
(b) Rancidity
Solution 20:
(a) Corrosion:
(a) Corrosion:
Corrosion is defined as a process where the substance will degrade usually metals. Metal
converts into its hydrated oxides. Ex: Iron , Cu , Ag

2Ag + H2S → Ag2S + H2

(b) Rancidity:
It is a process in which fats and oils are oxidised. This can be easily identified by the change in
taste and smell is known as rancidity.
For example, when you will keep for a long time any chips packet then the taste and smell of
chips change.
Rancidity can be avoided by:
1. By adding some antioxidants like BHA (Butylated hydroxyanisole )
2. Keep the food in refrigerators
3. keep the eatable items in airtight container
4. Keep the food in nitrogen environment because nitrogen is used to prevent further oxidation.
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