Supplementary Presentation Slides for

Heat Transfer (10626232)

Department of Chemical Engineering
An-Najah National University

SPRING 2018
 Heat Exchangers
Heat Exchangers are devices that facilitate the exchange of heat
between two fluids that are at Different Temperatures while
keeping them from mixing with each other.

1. Double-pipe exchanger: the simplest type, used for cooling and

heating.
2. Shell and tube exchangers: used for all applications.
3. Plate and frame exchangers (plate heat exchangers): used for
heating and cooling.
4. Plate-fin exchangers.
5. Spiral heat exchangers.
6. Air cooled: coolers and condensers.
7. Direct contact: cooling and quenching.
8. Agitated vessels.
9. Fired heaters.

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 Classifications of Heat Exchangers
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Construction Flow Arrangement

Compact Double Pipe Parallel Flow

Plate &
Frame Shell & Tube Counter Flow

Cross Flow
Regenerative

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 Applications of Heat Exchangers
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 To get fluid streams to the right  Heating and air-conditioning

temperature for the next
process
 reactions often require
feeds at high temperature
 To condense vapours
 To evaporate liquids
 To recover heat to use
elsewhere
 To reject low-grade heat
 To drive a power cycle
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systems in a household
 Chemical Processing
 Distillation (reboiler and
condenser)
 Power production in large
plants
 Car Radiator
 Boilers
Applications of Heat Exchangers

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 The simplest type of heat exchanger

consists of two concentric pipes of
different diameters. One fluid in a
double-pipe heat exchanger flows
through the smaller pipe while the
other fluid flows through the annular
space between the two pipes.
parallel and counter flow are
possible here.

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  In parallel flow, both the hot  In counter flow, the hot and
and cold fluids enter the heat cold fluids enter the heat
exchanger at the same end and exchanger at opposite ends
move in the same direction and flow in opposite
directions

Parallel Flow Counter Flow

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 Different flow configurations in
cross-flow heat exchangers

Both fluids unmixed One fluid mixed, one fluid unmixed

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 Compact Heat Exchanger
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 Large heat transfer surface area per unit volume (using Fins).
 Area density : the ratio of the heat transfer surface area of a heat
exchanger to its volume.
 A heat exchanger with   700 m2/m3 is classified as being compact.
 Examples of compact heat exchangers are car radiators  = 1000
m2/m3
 Are commonly used in applications with strict limitations on the weight and
volume.
 Compact heat exchangers are commonly used in gas-to-gas and gas-to-
liquid (or liquid-to-gas) heat exchangers.

 The two fluids moves perpendicular to each others which is called the
cross-flow.

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 Plate & Frame Heat Exchanger

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 Plate Heat Exchanger
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 Plate Heat Exchanger

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 Plate Heat Exchanger

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 Plate Heat Exchanger
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 Which consists of a series of plates with corrugated flat flow

passages.

 The hot and cold fluids flow in alternate passages, and thus each
cold fluid stream is surrounded by two hot fluid streams.

 Plate heat exchangers can grow with increasing demand for heat
transfer by simply mounting more plates.

 They are well suited for liquid-to-liquid heat exchange applications,

provided that the hot and cold fluid streams are at about the same
pressure.

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 Regenerative Heat Exchanger
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 It depends on storing the thermal heat exists in the hot fluid in a

porous material with high heat capacity, such as a ceramic wire mesh,
then the cold fluid pass through this material to absorb this stored
heat.

Applications
 Utility and industrial boilers - Air preheaters
 Flue gas desulphurization plant - Gas reheater

Types
1. Rotary
2. Fixed matrix
3. Rotating hoods
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 Regenerative Heat Exchanger

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 Cooling Towers
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 Large shell with packing at the

bottom over which water is sprayed.

 Cooling by air flow and

evaporation.

 Air flow driven by forced or natural

convection.

 Need to continuously make up the

cooling water lost by evaporation

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 Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger

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 Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger
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 A common type of heat exchanger that widely used in chemical

processes.
 It contains a large number of tubes (several hundreds some times!!)
which are packed in a shell. Heat transfer takes place as one fluid
flows outside the tubes through the shell.

 Baffles are commonly placed in the shell to force the shell-side fluid to
flow across the shell to enhance heat transfer and to maintain uniform
spacing between the tubes.

 Despite their widespread use, shell and-tube heat exchangers are not
suitable for use in automotive and aircraft applications because of their
relatively large size and weight.
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 Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger
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 Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are further classified

according to the number of shell and tube passes involved.

 One-shell-pass and two tube-passes heat exchangers.

 two-shell-passes and four-tube-passes heat exchanger

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 Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger
Shell Outlet

Channel Inlet

Channel
Outlet

Shell Outlet

SINGLE SEGMENTAL BAFFLES - Vertical

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 Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger

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 Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger

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