Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
1. Certificate of Authenticity
2. Acknowledgement
3. Introduction
-Need of Water
-Purification of Water
-Need for a stable purification technique
4. Theory
-Bleaching powder and its preparation
5. Experiment
-Aim
- Requirements
- Pre-Requisite Knowledge
-Procedure
6. Observation
7. Result
8. Bibliography
CERTIFICATE OF AUTHENTICITY
There are many methods for the purification of water. Some of them are
1. Boiling
2. Filtration
Filtration is also used for removing foreign particles from water. One major drawback
of this purification process is that it cannot be used for removing foreign
chemicals and impurities that are miscible with water.
Cl2+2KI 2KCl + I2
I2+2Na2S2O3 Na2 S 4 O6 +2NaI
3. A known Volume of one of the given samples of water is treated with a known
volume of bleaching powder solution. The amount of residual chlorine is
determined by adding excess potassium iodide solution and then titrating
against standard sodium thiosulphate solution.
4. From the readings in 2 and 3, the amount of chlorine and hence bleaching powder
required for the disinfection of a given volume of the given sample of water can be
calculated.
Procedure
7- Repeat the step 6 with other samples of water and record the
observation.
OBSERVATIONS
Titration : I
Volume of Distilled water taken 100ml
Volume of bleaching powder sol. taken 20ml
Volume of KI solution added 20ml
Burette Reading
Sr.N Initial ( in ml) Final ( in ml) Final Vol. of 0.1N Na2S2O3 sol.
o. Used ( in ml)
1. 0.0 6.5 6.5
2. 6.50 13.0 6.5
Concordant Reading:6.5ml
Titration : II
Volume of water sample I taken 100ml
Volume of bleaching powder sol. added 20ml
Volume of KI solution added 20ml
Burette Reading
Sr.N Initial ( in ml) Final ( in ml) Final Vol. of 0.2N Na2S2O3
o. sol.
Used ( in ml)
1. 0.0 5.8 5.8
2. 5.8 11.6 5.8
Concordant Reading:5.8ml
Titration: III
Volume of water sample II taken 100ml
Volume of bleaching powder sol. added 20ml
Volume of KI solution added 20ml
Burette Reading
Sr.N Initial ( in ml) Final ( in ml) Final Vol. of 0.2N Na2S2O3
o. sol.
Used ( in ml)
1. 0.0 3.0 3.0
2. 3.0 6.0 3.0
Concordant Reading:3.0ml
Titration : IV
Volume of water sample III taken 100ml
Volume of bleaching powder sol. added 20ml
Volume of KI solution added 20ml
Burette Reading
Sr.N Initial ( in ml) Final ( in ml) Final Vol. of 0.2N Na2S2O3
o. sol.
Used ( in ml)
1. 0.0 2.5 2.5
2. 2.5 5.0 2.5
Concordant Reading:2.5ml
CALCULATIONS
Sample I = 0.215gm
Sample II = 1.077gm
Thus we get the amount required for disinfection and if bleaching powder
is taken less than this amount water will remain impure and if it taken in
excess than this will also be harmful as it will contain chlorine.
The results shows that Samples III is the more impure water as the amount
of bleaching powder required is maximum and Sample I is less impure
than others as the bleaching powder required is minimum.
The tables also show the difference. Titration IV has minimum reading
because of impurities and titration I has maximum reading because the
sample was distilled water.
BIBLIOGRAPHY / WEBLIOGRAPHY
1. www.icbse.com
2. http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bleaching
3. http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/watertreatment
4. www.edstorm.com/doclib/mi4174.pdf