Physics

Project
SESSION 2019-20

Topic : To investigate the relation between the ratio of:

(i) output and input voltage
(ii) number of turns in the secondary coil and the primary
coil of a self designed transformer. Submitted by-
Vedant Pathak Submitted to-Santosh SiRoll No.-
12026
Class-12th

Certificate

This is to certify that Vedant

pathak a student of class XII
has successfully completed the
aforementioned project under
the guidance of Mr. Santosh
Babele(subject teacher) during
year 2019-20 in partial
fulfilment of physics practical
examination of Central Board
of Secondary Education (CBSE).
 Subject
Teacher
 Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special
thanks to our physics teacher Mr.
Santosh Babele who gave me the
golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project, which also
helped me in a doing a lot of
research and I came to know
about so many new things.
Secondly I would also like to
thank my parents and friends
who helped me a lot in finishing
this project within the limited
time.
To investigate the relation between the
ratio of:
(i) output and input voltage.
(ii) number of turns in the secondary coil
and the primary coil of a self designed
transformer
Iron core, a thick insulated
copper, a thin insulated copper
wire, two a.c. voltmeters.
A transformer is a device which can step up or
step down the a.c. voltage. Accordingly it is
called a step up or step down transformer.
The principle underlying the working of
a transformer is that whenever a changing
current is passed through a coil(primary), an
induced e.m.f. is produced in a nearby
coil(secondary).
A labelled diagram of a step down
transformer is given alongside for reference.
The input a.c. voltage is given to the primary
and output is taken from across the
secondary. When a changing current is
passed through the primary, the magnetic flux
linked with the primary as well as with step
up transformer, the secondary changes and an
induced e.m.f. is
produced in the
primary as well as in
the secondary. The
transformer merely
transfers the power from the primary to the
secondary.
If EP, ES are the voltages across the
primary and the secondary having NP and Ns
turns,then
𝐸𝑆 𝑁𝑆
𝐸𝑃
= 𝑁𝑃
=𝑘
Where k is called the turns ratio.

Further,
𝐸𝑆 𝐼𝑆 = 𝐸𝑃 𝐼𝑃 ……(1)
𝐸𝑆 𝐼𝑃
∴ =
𝐸𝑃 𝐼𝑆
……(2)
It thus follows that
𝑁𝑆 𝐼𝑃
=
𝑁𝑃 𝐼𝑆
i.e., if NS>NP, then IS<IP .
i.e., a step up transformer steps down the
current.
(a) Take a laminated iron core and wind a small
number (say about 20) of turns of thick
insulated copper wire uniformly on it leaving
two free ends P1P2 .
(b) Wind a large number of turns (say 60) of thin
insulated copper wire on the opposite arm of the
core leaving two free ends S1 and S2 .
(c) Connect the primary coil to a variable a.c. supply
source and secondary to a.c. voltmeter of suitable
range.
(d) Connect an a.c. voltmeter across the primary to
measure the input voltage

Number of turns in the primary, NP =20

Number of turns in the secondary, NS =60
 𝑁𝑆
∴ 𝑁𝑃
= 3
S.No. Input Voltage Output Voltage ES 𝐸𝑆
EP (volt) (volt)
𝐸𝑃
1 2 5.6 2.8
2 2 5.4 2.7
3 2 5.7 2.85
4 2 5.5 2.75
5 2 5.6 2.8
𝐸𝑆
Mean
𝐸𝑃
=2.78

𝐸𝑆 𝑁𝑆
Clearly, = within experimental error.
𝐸𝑃 𝑁𝑃