Exercise

I. Fill in the blanks

1. In PQR, if P = 70 and PQ = QR then _________
Ans
Q = 40
2. The angle where 4 times its complements is equal to its supplement is _____
Ans
60
3. If a, b, c denote the sides of a triangle and if c2 < a2 + b2, then it is ______ triangle.
Ans
Acute angles
4. For a equilateral triangle, the triangle formed by joining the midpoints of sides will be ____ in area.
Ans
One fourth
5. If (5, 12, x) is a pythagorean triplet, the value of x is.
Ans
13
6. The area of a right triangle whose hypotenuse is 5 metres and base is 3 metres is _____
Ans
6 sq.mtrs
7. In a triangle difference between any two sides must be ____ than 3rd side.
Ans
Less
8. In a triangle, The centroid divides each median in the ratio _____
Ans
2:1
9. Three medians divide the triangle into ___ triangles of equal area.
Ans
Six
10. In ABC if A < B < C then their sides will be ________
Ans
BC < CA < AB
II. State true or false
1
1. Area for triangle  b  h  s(s  a)(s  b)(s  c)
2
Ans
True
2. In a triangle difference of any two sides is less than the third side
Ans
True

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3. An exterior angle is equal to two interior angles adjacent to it
Ans
False

4. A triangle must have at least two acute angles

Ans
True
5. In right angled triangle, the orthocentre lies outside the triangle
Ans
False

III. Finding angles, sides and area

ˆ
1. In the given figure QP = QT, Find QPT
P(P)

(Q)
Q

70 S (S)
R

Solution
From diagram QS = RS.
ˆ  x.
R̂  Q
x + x + 70 = 180 (From Angle sum property)
2x = 110 x = 55
ˆ  55  70  125
PQT
In ˆ  Pˆ  Tˆ  180
PQT, Q
QP = QT = y.
2y + 125 = 180
55
y  27.5
2
ˆ  27.5
QPT
2. In the figure., Find the value of a + b
B
a

E
F 125
125
b
55
A C D
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 Solution
In ABC,
ˆ
a + 55 = BCD
In FCD
ˆ  b  125. (Exterior angle property)
FCD
ˆ  FCD
Since BCD ˆ
a + 55 + b = 125
a + b = 125 – 55
a + b = 70
3. If the angles of PQR are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 1, Find the angles
Solution
We know Pˆ  Qˆ  Rˆ  180
Let unknown value be x
2x + 3x + x = 180
6x = 180
x = 30
The angles P̂  2(30)  60
Q̂  2(30)  90
R̂  1(30)  30
4. AD is perpendicular to the internal bisector of ABC. of ABC. DE in drawn through D. and parallel
to BC to meet AC to E. If the length of AC is 12 cm, find the length of AE
Solution A

E
D
x
x
B F C
AD extended meets BC at F.
ADB  BDF  90
ABD  DBF (BD is angle bisector)
BAD  BFD
BD = BD (common side)
Thus, ABD and FBD are congruent
AD = DF
ADE similar AFC. (DE || BC)
AE AD 1 1
   AE  (12)  6 cm.
AC AP 2 2
5. The centroid of ABC is G. The area of ABC is 60cm2. Find the area of GBC.
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 Solution
1
Area of GBC = (Area of ABC).
3
1
= (60) = 20 sq cm.
3

6. In the following figure. Find RST.

S

120
P R
T U
70

Solution
ˆ  SRT
PRQ ˆ  70
ˆ  120
ˆ  RST
SRT
70  RST  120
ˆ  50
RST
1ˆ 1ˆ ˆ
7. Given that x  A  B  30 . Find ACB
2 2
Q

A y

z+1 z0 S
+1
P y
y0 B
x

R 120

Solution

x y + 30 x + y = 90
ˆ B
A ˆ  180
ˆ C 2y + 30 = 90

y + 30 + y + c = 180 y = 30

C = 90

8. In the following figure, find the value of a, b, c, d, e.

A

c
W B
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70 d
Y 50 X
D
e E Z
 Solution
ˆ  WBD  70 (V.O.A)
a  ABC
ˆ  XCE  50 (V.O.A)
b  ACB
ˆ B
A ˆ Cˆ  180
ˆ  180
120  C
Ĉ  60
ˆ
ADE  a  d  70
ˆ  b  AED  50
ACB
ˆ  e  180
AED
e  180  AED  180  50  130
ˆ  50.,CBA
9. In the given figure, CPR ˆ  30. Fin d PCQ.
ˆ  130.,AQR ˆ

A
B

Q C R

Solution
(1) 50 + a + x =180 P
a + x = 130 a = 130 – x 50

(2) 30 + b + x = 180 a A
B
b + x = 150 b = 150 – x. 130

(3) 50 + a = 130 30 b
Q C R
30 + b = 130
(4) 50 + 130 – x = 130
30 + 150 – x = 130
(5) 150 – x = 100 x = 50
PCQ  150  x  150  50
PCQ  100
ˆ
10. In the below figure, Find the value of PQR
Solution
P Q
PQRS is a parallelogram
QS is a diagonal.
55
S R
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 Hence QS bisects PSR
PSR  QSR  55
PSR  110
In a parallelogram, opposite angles are equal
Thus, PQR  110

IV. Short answer type question Proving

1. In the figure, BA and CA of triangle ABC are produced to Q and P respectively, so that AP = AQ. If
AB = AC, prove that PB = QC
Solution
In PAB and QAC P Q

AP = AQ (Given)
A
AB = AC (Given) 1 2
ˆ  QAC(Given
PAB ˆ VOA)
3
by SAS congruency.
4
PAB  QAC B C
By CPCT, PB = QC.
2. ABC and DBC are two isosceles triangles on either side of BC. Show that 1  2 (AD bisects A ),
3  4 (AD bisects D ). AD is the perpendicular bisector of BC.
Solution
In ABD and ACD
AB = AC (Given)
BD = CD (Given)
AD = AD (Common)
From SSS congruency
ABD  ACD
A
1  2 and 3  4
1 2
In AEB and AEC
ˆ ˆ
ABE  ACE (Angles of isosceles Triangle) 5 6
ˆ ˆ B C
BAE  CAE ( 1  2 proved above) 7 E 8
AB = AC (Given)
3 4
AEB  AEC (ASA postulate)
AEB  AEC (CPCTC) … (1) D

AEB  AEC  180 (Linear pair) … (2)

From (1) and (2) it follows that
AEB  AEC  90
AE BC
3. Prove that the internal bisectors of the base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal
Solution
Given ABC is isosceles Triangle. A

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F E
 AB = AC.
ABC ˆ  1ˆ  2ˆ  3ˆ  4ˆ
ˆ  ACB
BE in angle bisector of ABC ˆ
1ˆ  2ˆ
ˆ
FC is angle bisector of ACB
3ˆ  4ˆ
2ˆ  4ˆ
1 2  3  4
In triangles BCE and BCF,
BCE  CBF
EBC  BCF ( 2  4)
BC = BC (common side)
ACE  CBF (ASA postulate)
BE = CF (CPCTC)
4. In ABC, B  90 and APQC and BCSR are squares. Prove that AS = BQ
P
Solution
Since APQC is square
AC = CQ A Q
Since BCSR is square
BC = CS
B C
In BCQ and SCA
CQ = AC
BC = CS. R S
and ACSˆ  BCQ
ˆ (ACBˆ  ACQ
ˆ  ACB
ˆ  90)
ˆ  BCS
(ACB ˆ  ACB
ˆ  90)
BCQ  SCA
AS = BQ Hence Proved.
5. On the sides AB and AC of triangle ABC, equilateral triangles ABD and ACE are drawn. Prove that
(i) CAD  BAE (ii) CD = BE
Solution
A E
In CAD and BAE D
AC = AE (Given)
AD = AB (Given)
ˆ  EAB (DAB
DAC ˆ  BAC
ˆ  60  BAC)
ˆ
ˆ  BAC
(EAC ˆ  60  BAC)
ˆ
B C
CAD  BAE (SAS congruency)
By CPCTC
CD = BE. Hence Proved.

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Finding relation between given sides or angles

Column I Column II
(i) If in a triangle ABC, AB < AC, then AC – AB is (A 110
)
Q
(ii) A P (B 60
120
)

120
B C
R
(iii) In ABC, BAC  90, AD BC. If BD = 3cm., CD = (C 2 3cm
4cm, Length of AD is )
(iv) Supplement of 70 is (D RHS
(i) ) Congruency (J),
(ii) (v) In ABC, Aˆ : Bˆ : Cˆ  1: 2 : 3.Bˆ is (E SAS
(E), ) Congruency (iii)
(vi) P (F) 20 (C),
55
(iv)
The Value of x is
(A), (v)
(2x + (3x +
(B),
(vi) Q 5) R 20 ) S (I),
(vii) (vii) W
(G PSR  SPQ
(D), ) (viii)
(G),
Z Y
(ix)
(H),
(x)
X
(F)
(viii S R (H SBP  RAQ
) )

P Q

(ix) Q S R (I) 40
S

P P A B Q
R
(x) Complement of 70 is (J) < BC.

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1. Prove that Aˆ  Bˆ  Cˆ  Dˆ  Eˆ  180
A

P Q
B E

T R

S
C D
Solution
In ADT, A ˆ D
ˆ  BTP
ˆ [Exterior angle properties]
IN CPE, Cˆ  Eˆ  BPT
ˆ [Exterior angle properties]
In BPT,
Bˆ  BPT
ˆ  BTP
ˆ  180 [Angle sum property]
ˆ  Eˆ  A
ˆ C
B ˆ D ˆ  180
ˆ B
A ˆ C ˆ Dˆ  Eˆ  180
2. Find the angles
8
110
6 7
4 5
3 30
1 2 130

Solution
2̂  30  130  180 [Linear Pair]
2̂  20
ˆ1  8ˆ  2ˆ  30ˆ  180 [Angle sum Property of Angle]
1̂  8  50  180 1ˆ  8ˆ  130
7̂  180  110 [Linear Pair]
7̂  70
5̂  110 [Vertically opposite Angles]
4ˆ  5ˆ  30  180 [Angle sum Property]
4ˆ  140  180  4ˆ  40
8ˆ  6ˆ [Isoscles angle]
28ˆ  110
8ˆ  6ˆ  55
1̂  130  55
1̂  75
3ˆ  180  2ˆ  1ˆ [Angle sum Property]
3̂  85
3. In the figure, If QT PS, TQR ˆ  40 and SPR
ˆ  30 , find x,
ˆ yˆ and zˆ
P
30 T
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O
z

40 y x
Q R S
 Solution
In QTS
ˆ  QTS
TQS ˆ  TSQ  180

40  90  TSQ  180

130  TSQ  180
TSQ  50
i.e. x̂  50
In PSR
ˆ  xˆ [Exterior angle]
yˆ  SPR
 30  50
ŷ  80
In ˆ  yˆ
OQR, zˆ  OQR
z  40  80  z  120
4. AD, BE and CF intersect at O such that OA = OB = OC = OD = OE = OF. Find all the angles
C

B
50
A D
O

F
Solution
In BOC, OB = OC
ˆ  OBC
OCB ˆ
ˆ  OCB
BOC ˆ  OBCˆ  180 [Angle Sum property]
ˆ  180
50  2OCB
ˆ  180  50  130
2  OCB
ˆ  65
OCB
ˆ  OBC
OCB ˆ  65
Similarly, In COD, OCD ˆ  ODC
ˆ  45
ˆ  COD
BOC ˆ  DOE
ˆ  180 [Straight angle]
ˆ  180
50  90  DOE
ˆ  40
DOE

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 BOC  EOF  50 

 

COD  AOF  90  Vertically opposite angle
 
DOE  AOB  40
 
In DOE,
ˆ  OED
ODE ˆ  70
In EOF,
ˆ  OFE
OEF ˆ  65
In AOF,
ˆ  OFA
OAF ˆ  45
In AOB,
ˆ  OBA
OAB ˆ  70
5. In ˆ
PQR, bisectors of PQR ˆ
and PRQ meet at A. The perpendicular bisectors of AQ and AR meet
QR at B and C respectively. Show that the perimeter of ABC = QR
Solution
In QEB, EB2 = QB2 – EQ2
Pythagoras
In AEB, AEB2 = AB2 – AE2 theorem
P

QB2 – EQ2 = AB2 – AE2

A
EQ = AE E F
QB = AB QB2 = AB2
Q R
Similarly, CR = AC B C
In ABC
Perimeter of ABC = AB + BC + CA
= QB + BC + CR
Perimeter of ABC = QR
hence Proved.
6. The base BC of an isosceles triangles ABC is produced on both sides. D and E are points lying on CB
produced and BC produced respectively. The bisectors of ABDˆ and ACE ˆ meet at O. Prove that
OB = OC
Solution A
Construction: join AO
ABC
P Q
AB = AC
ˆ
ˆ  ACB
ABC
ˆ
OP and OQ bisect ABD ˆ
and ACE respectively
D E
B C
ˆ  PBA
DBP ˆ  ECQˆ  QCAˆ
ˆ  OBC
PBD ˆ 
 Vertically Opposite Angles
ˆ  OCB
QCE 
In OBC O

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 ˆ
ˆ  OCB
OBC
OB = OC
Hence Proved
7. In XYZ, X ˆ  157, yˆ  y and Z
ˆ  z. Write an inequality to describe the possible measures of Ẑ.
Explain your reasoning.
Solution X

Y Z

Xˆ Yˆ Z ˆ  180 [Angle Sum Property]

Yˆ Zˆ  23
If Yˆ  0, then Zˆ  23
But since angle must have a measure greater than zero,
Ẑ Must be less than 23 ,
So that Z < 23 .
8. If one angle of a triangle is three times one of the other angles, the triangle can be divided into two
A
isosceles triangles Prove.

C
B D

Solution
Let the triangle be ABC,
Given a = 3c
ˆ  ACB
Construction: Draw AD in such way that DAC
Proof In DAC
ˆ  C  DCA
DAC ˆ
DAC is isosceles.
ˆ  DAC
Then, BDA ˆ  DCA
ˆ [Exterior angle theorem]
ˆ  2C
BDA
ˆ  BAC
BAD ˆ  DAC
ˆ
= 3C – C
ˆ  2C
BAD
In BAD,
ˆ  2C
ˆ  BAD
BDA
BAD is isosceles

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 DAC and BAD are isosceles
Hence proved.
9. Solve for x
Solution
Construction
ˆ  20 Join GF
Draw BG such that CBG
A

E
xx
F
G

20
30
60
50
B C

In BGC, CBG ˆ  80

ˆ  20, GCB
ˆ  80 [Angle sum Property of triangle]
BGC
ˆ  180  BGC
BGE ˆ [Linear Pair]
ˆ
BGE  100 BGC is isosceles, BC = BG
In ˆ  CBE
BGE, GBE ˆ  CBG
ˆ
= 60 – 20
ˆ  40
GBE
ˆ  180  GBE
BEG ˆ
ˆ  EGB [Angle sum property]
= 180 – 40 – 100
ˆ  40
BEG BGE is isosceles, BG = GE
ˆ  180  (80  50)
In BFC, BFC
ˆ  50
BFC BFC is isosceles, BC = BF
In BFG, BG = BF
1
ˆ  (180  60) 1
BGF = BFG  (180  GBF)
2 2
BFG is equilateral = 60
In GFE, GF = GE GFE is isosceles
ˆ  1 (180  FGE)
ˆ  GEF
GFE ˆ  1 (140)
2 2
= 70
ˆ  40  x
GEF
70 = 40 + x
x = 30

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Levle – 1

Multiple choice questions with one correct alternative

1. In a PQR, it is found that P and R less than 45 then the triangle is _________ triangle
(A) Acute angle (B) Right angle (C) Obtuse angle (D) None
Ans (C)
2. In the given figure, which of the following statement is true.
P 30 Q
(A) PQ = QR 30
(B) PS = SR S
(C) PS = PR
(D) PS = QS
Ans (B) R
3. In the following triangle, find PTS
P
T
30

50 40
Q R S

(A) 80 (B) 100 (C) 60 (D) 120

Ans (D)
4. In a triangle, its median divides it into _______
(A) Triangle of equal area (B) Equilateral triangle
(C) Equilateral triangle (D) isosceles triangle
Ans (A)
5. The area of quadrilateral ABCD in given figure.
A

17 cm

9 cm
D

8 cm
B C
(A) 57 sq cm. (B) 108 sq cm (C) 114 sq cm (D) 195 sq cm.
Ans (C)
6. In the given figure L || M. The value of TM is
P R
L
3 cm
4 cm
T
4 cm
M
S Q

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 (A) 4 cm (B) 3 cm (C) 7 cm (D) 8 cm
Ans (B)
7. In two triangles PQR and XYZ, PQ = ZX, P  X and triangles are congruent by SAS criterion, if
(A) QR = YZ (B) PR = XY (C) PR = YZ (D) QR = XY
Ans (B)
8. In ABC, if C  B then.
(A) BC > AC (B) AB > AC (C) AB < AC (D) BC < AC
Ans (C)
9. In the following which is not a criterion for congruence of triangles.
(A) SAS (B) ASA (C) SSA (D) SSS.
Ans (C)

Level – 2
1. In ABC, The value of ACD is _______ , when OB and OC angle bisectors of B̂ and Cˆ
A

O
B 110

D
(A) 60 (B) 70 (C) 110 (D) 100
Ans (C)
ˆ
2. In the given figure BD is the angle bisector, EBF = 20 . The value of FEB is ______
C

D
E

A F B
20

(A) 20 (B) 60 (C) 30 (D) 40

Ans (A)
3. In the following figure the value of AC is ______
(5) 5 cm E 3 cm
A B
4 cm
5 cm
(5)
4 cm D
F
5 cm
(5)
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 (A) AC = 5 cm (B) AC = 4 cm (C) AC = 10 cm (D) AC = 8 cm
Ans (D)
4. ABC is an equilateral triangle, BC in extended to D. AD is joined such that BD > AD then
(A) AD > AB (B) BC > AB (C) AC > AD. (D) None
Ans (A)
5. In the figure, which one is true.
P S
B

Q R
(A) Ar (APS) = Ar (QRB) (B) PA = RB.
(C) Ar (PQS) = Ar(QRS) (D) all of these
Ans (D)
6. In ABC A  50, B  60 arranging the sides of triangle is ascending order, we get
(A) AB < BC < CA (B) CA < AB < BC
(C) BC < CA < AB (D) BC < AB < CA.
Ans (C)
7. In any triangle ABC, the base BC is produced in both ways, the sum of the exterior angles at B and C
is ________
 A
(A) –A (B) +A (C) A (D)  
2 2
Ans (B)
8. A right angled isosceles triangle is inscribed in a semicircle of radius 7 cm. The area enclosed by the
semicircle but exterior to the triangle is
(A) 14 sq cm (B) 28 sq cm (C) 44 sq cm (D) 68 sq cm
Ans (B)
9. Two sides of a triangle are of length 4 cm and 10 cm. If the length of third side is a cm then
(A) a > 5 (B) 6 a 12 (C) a < 6 (D) 6 < a < 14
Ans (D)
10. In ABC, D, E and F are midpoints of AB, BC and CA respectively and B  90, AB = 6 cm, BC =
8 cm. Then area of triangle DEF is ______
(A) 24 sq cm (B) 28 sq cm (C) 6 sq cm (D) 12 sq cm.
Ans (C)

Level – 3
1. Name two pairs of congruent triangles in the figure.
D
C

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A B
 (A) AED, DEC, BEC, BEA (B) AED, AEB, BEA, CED
(C) DEC, BEC, AED, DEC (D) DEC, BEA, BEC, DEA
Ans (D)
2. In ABC, if AB = BC then which of the following is true?
A

B C D

(A) BAD = 2m D (B) BAD > D (C) BAD < D (D) BAD = D
Ans (B)
PQ  QR  RP P
3. S is any point on the side QR of PQR find
PS

Q S R

(A) Greater than 2 (B) less than 2 (C) greater than 1 (D) less than 1
Ans (A)
ˆ and C
4. In the figure, Eˆ  A ˆ  D.
ˆ What is the relation between AD and EC?
E D

A C
(A) AD = 2EC (B) AD < EC (C) AD > EC (D) AD = EC
Ans (C)
ˆ B
5. AB > BC > CA. what could be the measure of A, ˆ respectively?
ˆ and C
(A) 30, 40, 110 (B) 30, 110, 40 (C) 40, 30, 110 (D) 110, 40, 30
Ans (C)
6. The side lengths of a triangle are 5 cm, 7 cm and z cm respectively. Which of the following is true?
(A) 5 < Z < 12 (B) 7 < Z < 12 (C) 2 < Z < 12 (D) 5 < Z < 7
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 Ans (C)
ˆ  TRQ
7. Sides PQ and PR are produced and SQR ˆ What is the relationship between PQ and PR?
P

Q R
S T

(A) PQ > PR (B) PQ = PR (C) PQ = 2PR (D) PQ < PR

Ans (A)
8. ABC PQR. Area of PQR = 24 sq.cm. The length of AD = ?
A P

B D C Q 6 cm R

(A) 12 cm (B) 8 cm (C) 6 cm (D) 4 cm

Ans (B)
9. If ABC XYZ, then which of the following are true?
(1) A  X (2) AC  YZ ˆ C
(3) Y  180  A ˆ  
(4) Cˆ  180   Bˆ  Xˆ  (5) Bˆ  Cˆ  Zˆ  180

X A

Y Z B C

(A) 1, 4 (B) 1, 3, 5 (C) 1, 3, 4 (D) 3, 4

Ans (C)

10. AB is parallel to CD, AE is parallel to BD,BC is parallel to DE as shown. Which of the

following correct?
B D

A E
C
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 (A) ABC CDE (B) ABC CED
(C) ACB CDE (D) ABC ECD
Ans (A)

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