Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
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kd
i
ORK CONCEPTION
ian Mostaedi
JBLISHERS
irles Broto & Josep
P a Minguet
)ITOR
ar Chueca J
MTORIAL TEAM
aphic Design & Production: Francisco Ordutia
Irt: Pilar Chueca & Jacobo Krauel
>ofreading:Monika Camacho
Spanish language
lituto Monsa de Ediciones, S.A.
avina, 43
930 Sant Adria de Besos. Barcelona, Spain.
.: 34 93 381 00 50. Fax: 34 93 381 00 93
nail: monsa@monsa.com
3N: 84-95275-70-8
inted in Spain
-.: B-13889-2002
Brickwork facades
Fachadas de iadrillos
Veneer Facades
Fachadas de aplacados
Rendered facades
Fachadas con revestimientos continuos
Wooden facades
Fachadas de rnadera
Metal facades
Fachadas methlicas
Glass facades
Fachadas de vidrio
Mixed facades
Fachadas mixtas
Facade enclosures
Cerramientos exteriores
duction
$& no longer have to form part of the strucbm as load- La faclsada ya no tiene por qud formar parte de la estructurammo muro dl
-
@
*,
walls, but are a skin that wraps the building and carga, sino que es una piel que emruehre al ediich,y le dota de permall
IB personality through the materials, textums, odours dad propia a b w k & HIS twMales, texbras, c d m y composiciones.
mpitions Las fachadas, como elementos extemos y por tanto visible$ desde fuen
bml elements that are visible from outside the build- del e d i i , han sido d dlep de 10s Eembfos culturalea y ~~asi co
have reflected the cultural and aesthetic mo de la d u d 6 n de las costumbres de sus usuaios.
ps and the evolution of the customs of their users. One Uno de lm aspectos que ha ido marcando la evoluci6n de las fachadas hi
i@pacb that has marked the evdution of facaw has sido el deswbrimi de nuevos M r i a l e s mstmchm, siendo el hor
m discovery of new building materids such as con- mi@ el material que ya en el sigto XX ha suQuesto un definitive paso ha
, *hich in the 20th century led to a definitive change to- cia el proceso de espedalizacidny a u t m i a de la iachada
jbqmchliition and autonomy of the facade. Las fachadas son tambien en cierta medida la de p m c i 6 1
s are also to a certain Wenl the Wer of introdudb del trabajo arquitectdnico, lo primero que se obsewa. Tienen capacidat
m p h i i r a l wok, the first thing we see. They may se- de seducir o desesperar y a travbs de su lectura se puede intuir la na
+w make us despair, and thraugh their readingone a hrrakza de lo que esconden.
r Ihe nature of Mis hidden M i n d Ihm. Actualrnente, si &en las fahadas siguen en muchos caws most-
m t , though facades still in many cases show new, nuevas ideas validas y atractivas, uno & 10s grandes problemas que si
$d amactive ideas, one of the main pmbkms of mn- gue padeciendo la arquitectura contemporhea reside en h ausencia dc
&myarchitecture is the absence of an authentic system un verdadero sistema 6 fachada industrializado que pemita resolve
& b i d i ifacades that solves the functional require- las exigenciasdel cemmiento, consewando las mmas condiciones dt
L@hllst consenring lightness and modernity. l i r e z a y modemidad.
t,kere is an increasing number of specialists in walls Si bien cada vez e m n rnb eqmiatistas en cerramientos y aumenta k
B production- of mass-produced and tailor-made fa- producclbn de fachadas d & a s en saie y a m d c 4 m ' a son rm,
g.
%Is incmasing, here are still many technical aspects chos b s qte deben ser mAt06
~ ~ as
a posteriori. Estos
st be resolved a posteriori. These aspects, often un- peclw, a menudo menospreaados, son 10s que finalmente acaban dandc
@, are those that give validity to the design by sdv- v a l i i al cPseiio,sdudonando las ex- que demaradan Isfadwlm
yeqhernents of the facades. Las tsd*ldapitman de 10s cemmimta que mtmm un e d i i ,
&mmprise part of the walls that make up a building, aislandolo de Ias d i m e s climatoidgii y ambintales dd exterior.
protedion from the weather and t b external envi- Por ello, esta part0 dd &ciu Mcumplir u r n exigencias de habii.
$K Themfom,-this p a ~of I the Ming must meet re- bilklad, e s t a b i i y dumbiidad ws cwm>:
@ts of habitability, stabili and durability such as: - Resisten& a la aoddn Etel viento
against h e wind -~dejuntasdedlEltaci6npropiasddcerramie~
pm -RmptoporIssjlgltas~mfes
$qrbr structural joints -P m acMc&
~
-PlmEiht&mii
-Estanqueidad
A --WI
ctm&,mahstmoisture. indudina rain, snow and m- -Proteccidn~hs~,yassandeiuvia,nieveocondensaciones
> , >
Mly there was no separation betweenthe wall and the structure, < urr &imlpl0 &eri&tia aeperscih wtr8 91~ l ~ m 1 e nylla0 eatrub
d the wall was the only element that solved the problems of ~ G s(knIdo-c$ mura el drdccr $ernyW*e s?lwoioiraba los proble-
angth, water tightness and thermal Insulation by being very thick. , ' maq d@@S.i~t%~t.~la, rstmqlrr3id~ypxst8c$&~brrrrl@~mediante ufi '
e great thickness of old stone walls glves them good thermal eumentgl ds au espesr. .
I .
, I,
haviour, due to their ability to accumulate and give off heat Ei gran espkdr c*:los aniiguos &rOS tie p&rafia&que &to$ ten-
ermat inertia). Also, due to their great mass, they provide ex- - , gan m bwrn cpmWrtermnmtateieo, W d o a au capmlded d~
lent acoustic Insulation. murn~liry ce&r G ~ I O K(ir.lerctar&rrnica), ~ w m ~ r n od' , ~ g sla, ,gmn
~ '
ese traditional loadbearing walls have no reinforcement, so ., , ma6a'+ue~pdse'rnr$ti c q m t e n t o &os%& ss ex@ente,
!ir flexural strength is very limited. There are two main types: ..,,,.rc.>.. E W jmlmtes tradlblond&~SQ m(actsrlzan pgf &,l&ar nih-
.,..,,..
nmed earth and rubble masonry. ..-.,.,A.:=
x.:: :: - gOn d& arrwmn can b WE su mpaclW ckr ka$~seenciaa Be-
111sof rammed earth are made from worked clay that is poured :ZEijgg, xi@ e$ ,muy limMed&;3%puadedi&lhgulr'&it& mUrO d? t ~ i ay-mu- l
3 formwork. This system is common in areas where natural *$#$$;$: ra tle,rnzonpast&g, - , . j
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This scheme arose as a e o m r e ~
of an old adobe house into a IO-mMn
hotel. The condition was not to inter-
vene in the adobe walls, to leave the
facade unmodified and to arrange ther
space between the walls as If It
formed parl of the city.
The old stone-clad well generates a
ninemetre-high to-. The courses @
pebMes also line some walls of the
rooms and the interim &eels of the
complex. The materials used are
adobe, pebbles and wood. The simpis
iiy and n d n ~ n of y the materials used
(adobe,pebbles and wood) ensure the
i m r a t l o n of the m p l e x in the em+
ronment, and do not affect tke degree
of ownfort. materials were se
lected following the local buildhg Wac&
tion, which is suited to the warm d m
climate, resulting in a k t m i c and in-
trospeetive a r c h i i u r e with t h i i blind
walls and few openings.
bui#lngIsofwalls
Themartarwed
In this house two d M lmk are En esta casa se oomMnan do8 n h k
combined, each one with its own distintasycadaunodeelkaxlsupro-
grarnme and aim, together with two pioprogmyobjetrvo, juntocondosd-
diftwent techniques used in the con- ferentes thlcas empleadas er~la cons-
s l n h o n d t h w two levels. Indeed, W&I & esm dm n k h . En Mniti-
two houses were eMlceived and bulk va, dos casas que han sido W d a s y
as one. The first level, for the children, wrwtnridas cwno una sda El primer ni-
consisb d an o p ~ k p e m m , a stone ml,&dbcbabsniM,consisteenm
c u h with doors and wlndows. The opus imrturn, un cubo de piedra m
second level, fw the parents, is a con- ~ y ~ . u ~ ~ , e (
cretg cube with a large gl-ed balcony. de !us pBdres, es un c u b de hormigdn
con un gran babk asistalado.
-a arquitectura tradicional libanesa est.6 de una s i m d a tfgida que se exterioriza
nvariablemente constituida por un cub0 d tratamiento de la fachzda. La intro-
3 un paralelepipedo, con una cubierta dud611de una logia cubierta con una
dana o un techo pirarnidal de tejas ro- W a de mu& situada en un extre-
as. En el oentro de la fachada principal mo de lafachada permite sustiiir la triple
;e encuentra una triple arcada que co- arcada M i c i m a l y m i r la fachada
.responde al vestibulo y que const tuye en una compici6n asim&trica.
?I elernento principal de esta unidad re- El uso de la piedra pwmite que la resi-
sidencial. En este prhecto, se queria dencia se adapte al medio fbilmente,
xeservar la volumetria y el tratamiento permitiendo a su vez una reinterprets-
Merior de la piedra tfpico en la arquitec- cibn de la arquitectura local. Las wnsi-
:ura libanesa, per0 at misrno tiempo se deracimes ctimAticas imponen el uso
queria cambiar el rlgido esquema del de este material, asl wmo el uso de una
restbulo central por un disefio mas flexi- cubierta de teja roja, puesto que arnbos
sle. El diseno del vestlbulo central en la elementos pueden soportar las fuertes
3quitectura tradicional, supone el uso nevadas en invierno.
Itheory, facades of reinforced concrete provide a simultaneous Las lachadas de hormigan armado, en un prindpio, solucionan rle
olutton for the wall and the structure of the building. A single ma- slmuWa &I ccerramierrtcr y la estructwa del eci'ficio. Se cwlfla
srial provides water and air tightness and insulation. However, il nico rnatdal la estmquddad y el aislamiento a un Onica ma-
lese functions were to be met by concrete, the walls would b~ telial. De todas formas si &b se confiara en el hrmnigbn, 10s espe-
ery thick, so thermal insulation and waterproofing are also used. sores dsl muro setfan muy grandes, can lo que debemos mflar
Vhen the outer skin of the facade is concrete, one must bear in tamhrh en los aislantes tkrnicos y b impeme&lizaci4fi.
nind the thermal bridges that can be ere- when the thermal mlsmo harmigSFa, se d
isulation is on the interior. cumdo el aishf8 tbm
llocks of exposed concrete and cement are used in buildingr
rith up to four storeys above ground level in locations with sei er& vistp se,&mfe$'&i~:iw &u
nic levels of less than 8. This structure of blocks of exposed co $? 4 dd bfren8, ddfk@38,mb <I
rete or cement follows the same criteria as a Mior a 8. %a & m fde l~ W ~e $ de <<
ure, though it may have reinforcement that allows cross walls t vim &u@ bs rfhpdG &efi& Qwlen WTtUCtutTt, :
19replactced by bracing. &.qua b-bi@ p&$d& #'+durn. De7&ta " 2;
h e blocks must have a very high q u a ~ ~ ~ s $ a c & aupdrrdr d$h m u# *
&@@d y ~sMWb‘p3t,
>/,
lardless of the mortar that is used. r@$g: - - : + i ~:L+~yd~7
5%.
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n addition to smooth blocks, there are a large vari W b h q cpe~ mmtenga ma oatldaa &@pgl y ;*
:or double wails cavity walls, ties between the hvo jnClqmdrinhmente &I rno~szd'~ua m utjii~k, 2
:or the outer facing one must choose blocks with a high
,urface and edges, whether one is using normal grey
H i e cement and marble aggregate or cobured cement.
n addition to blocks with a smooth fam, there is a wide ran{
msibiUtles for this technique, such a- "En Split Diamante, ...
~te,Rudolph, stc.
'he bonding and the ( itructian techn
hetypeofk kchc
m,whim wlweBdtl. ,
se oornponen a partir ds
diferenciados que son
aprwechar tanto su fun-
rno su componente &&-
armado, cristal y aire.
A n ~ ~ W I d r &
fwcsdcmmteisa-hlerrtwibss~o
the formrrr prosperity and W future
~ ~ ~ a l i y o f t h e
lh2wtwle-
use a single type of brick There are differem types of bond such as
stretcher and header bonds (according to the face of the brick that
is left exposed); English cross or St Andrew's cross, which alter-
nate courses of stretchers and headers; Flemish or Dutch bond,
which alternate stretcher and header bonds in the same course.
brick facades
Fachadas de ladrillo
I
-Cr
Thls red brick buiWing has a
rhythm of openings and plk
The structure of Uw bulldln
w e d of a s k e k n of prel
mnerete dement8. The ol
are of exposed brickwork.
Special attentton was paid
natlng thermal lorldges
acoustic insulation.
The east M a d e has wlndw
row rows flanked by pillars,
the west lacads has pro&
races that reproduce the patl
windows on bhe east facade.
All the apartments haw v k
exterior and brlghl Interiors
slgn of the wlndowa gives rh
monumewity to the bullc
favours the control of solar
temperature in the dwellings
,edificio de ladrillo rojo se ca-
por un ritmo muy marcado
-pwb
en hib
pilam, mi-
-ti-reprorluoe
b s q a r b m n h cuentan con
y monumental, favor- el mm
la insdad6n y la c l i c i h
llel adobe walls wntain tlte Dos mums paraldas de adobe contienen
and are extended to dellmlt la midencia y se extienden delimitando
rlor protected spaces: an los espacios exteriores protegidos: un
ing room and a small pri- cwnedor a1 airs libe y un pequeAo jardln
conceived as an exten- pnvado concebido como una ampliacih
edrooms. lladltlonallocal de 10s dormitories. Se han utilizado mate-
uch as CMCa CastelLana riales de larga tradicbn local como d
porws and irregular, adobe de Civita Castellana, que es p m -
maferlal, which was so e irregular. Este material, ya utilizado
the Etruscans, has por 10s etruscas, h a sido adoptado para
for rural oonmetion la wnstruccih rural y utilizado en este
Is scheme for its ex- proyecto por su expresividad, por su
smprendente tars y por sl k h o de
at it compensates for que mmpensa la severidad de las pare-
des rectas con la calculada imprecisibn
dd detalle.
The orlglnal floor plan of the dwelllng La estructura de la planta original de la 0
-
green marble. versibn de la ediificacibn introverti-
The SIs of red brickwork, mock Fachadadondeseubicaelacceso~I?- da y herm&ca, m 10s werpo& de
ulaW through the *zag intarpIay cipal se apoya sobre pllares de s e d h rnA& y ladrilb enmsados y rasgados
d openiws- m&nica invsrtida, bmdos de ace- pot escasos vanos, donde destacan
fhesbde~showanwein- ro irmidable de acabado bnihte, ma- las carpinterhas de duminio gis oswm '
~andhermeticwrshoffhe terial que se en la carpinterb.de de lamas horlwntales.
rre physid separation of the two skins of which a wall is com- La separaci6n fisica de las dos now que wmpanen m muro es wl
d, the inner one providing strength and the outer one act- paso fundamental en la evoluci6n de los sisterr~as.- De
g as an envelope, is a fundamerrtal step in the evolution of ssta-sectotaabRojaintefiordecapacidadm&enteyqus-
~stnrctionsystem. da la Mia exterior mlventB.
len the outer skin is mposed of h v y maWW it is not con- Alcerramientocanuna~p~~pesadanowle~cons
ered s b i d y as a veneer facade because the outer skin, gen- derar eomo un tipo de m i e n t o chcho ya que ma-
ly of stone, concrete or ceramic, lmsmits the load through a rre a ma fachada convenciond a la que se lo afbde una hop extw-
ng system or a ~ w l u subsbudurn
s to an inner waH or to na & unas caracteristicas determinadas, genedmente @a&
I shdure of the building; this system has the advantage that de piedra, hormigdn o c d m i i , que a a& de fijaciompuma
~eprocess is reversible. though only partially. les o de una subesmctura continua transmiten el peso a otra hojp de
~~typeofwalls,inaddiitogravity,thedynamicaction la estmchra dd edificio, un &sterna que presents la ventaja de la
aused by wind or irn- on tlw bwer part of the building must reversibilldad del proceca, aunque 9610 sea parcialmmte.
taken into account. En este tlpo de cerrarnientos tlene especial ~mportancia,adam* de
eldom has a loadbearing function and in general only has to l a 1 6 g i a c a h g M o r i a , 1% accionesdinhii producldas pord
mar its own weight. wentooinckcsob~~i~~~mkpartesbajas~edifi
he M m e n t of the veneer marks the composition of the fa- La capacidad portante quedardrelqada a contadas ocasiones y pw
ie: il allows the jdnb to establih d i i rhythms in each lo general se le p d r r A que resists Crnicamente su propio peso.
Jrse through the vertical placing of the e l m or their meet- La fijacih &I aplawdo marca la compsicidn de la fachada: permi-
at the joint, since they & not need a lap. bte que la junta pueda e s t a b l m distintos rrtmos en cada hila&; la
rangeofmaledsthatcan belwedforthistypeofskinisirb ool-ldn vertic;d de las pieas o la aoincWmia en la junta, ya que
-
n h , though they mwt fulfil cwlain reguiremerrts: homogeneity no es necasana su trabazbn
i h i t y are sought; they must not Jlow b r p t i o n of wa- .Los matenale con 10s que puede realm= esta hoja mn infinrtos,
by capillary action; and their peinmbilii and durability must aunque 8s necesano que cumplan unas recprisitos mlnrrnos. se bus-
be taken into account car&la homogeneidad y continuidad de las @ems,se cornprobard
~~~mugtcomplywitfrthemechanicalpropertlesof su parostdqi, que no sea p ~ M laealosorci de agua por caplm-
&shnghandcom~sber@;itmustalsoensuethe dad, tambh, la psmaeab~lidady la d u m a .
r a b i l i of its initial after long to sunlight El material elegido trene que cumplir las propiedad= mechicas de
3 veneer has become a ~lccsssion of independent elements in reststencia a traccidn, compresih y flexibn; tarntub debe asegurar
m~afmedranical~arsdWater~ab.?ightnesS.lhy la d u r a b i l i de sus ~ s h c a iniciak
s d e s p k de h a h sw
~edatpdrststhatallowthepanelto~fmfyandbe frrdo una lkga expsici6n al sd
dly Mepndmt of- d in the supporting stm%m. El aplacado se ha cwnrertldo en una sucesdn de prezas lndepen-
dimes, tanto desde el punto de wsta mechico wmo de estan-
quetdad. Las sujeclones se hacen par puntos que permlten el libre
comportamiento de la placa y su total independenc~arespecto a laq
defmaclones del soporte.
i -
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:,,
. .--
..."-,
I Veneer
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facades
.. .-
-- - -
- ..
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- :- - -
:- -
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, ,< fij2:-
%
.
Fachadas de aplacados
The scheme occupk a a sh-
like a ships bow, with majestic wrves,
eaehMpmmtlngawarmand
elegant combination d the chddlng
materiais: granite and mirror glass.
The bulldlng, whose m e is clad In
polishd grantte panels combined
with strips of reflecthe g b , adapts
its sinuous and organic curve to the
nmow site on whlch It is M.
-lwtzww-w
i~Wble from the whole bay. The
buiing contains a double wrm a
ctcrsElr arc in lha grwnd plan and a
'dothoicl'intfieebatwLttttusboks
Wan-mafawind-Wed
ofthebuilding and-the- of a
screen. Its irregular ground plan
-Cw-mwWhYaf
-the land. A serW of bartms in ilm up
* - M e ,
y&@gq owin -
whiih i
# t e ~ a r e b M ,
~ ~ , w h i c h - a
~ ~ O f I ~ s
&&qdayand at n l g k l ? m ~ &
~ 4 ~ M s t o n e . A w i 1d
nlsei+m~lding,cag~~ngaw
~ ~ t h e f = a d € L
Onthet&w&fadthe house, a nar-
wwf&@~.twobuikll~d*
~ ~ t h . e m O a t h e
-
mack~thgnkstoaslmplew
mwdw@--.Aw-nd
stallrlesssbei~and~
mMls8d wppw eompletelY
ihe rear and pmvfdesthe u d y
ofasingkpbe. .
de esfe cerrarniento m6vil enf&
m o t i v o ' M de la fachada W
con abemHas &re
T-~;-]
Rendered facades
Fachadas de revestimiento
J: .,.. .
continuos .- - . -?
1 .
i
rendered facades /fachadas de reuesrimentos continuos
inador d n : la aperklra de
la vuelcan en m a w o me-
al Merior A tiempa que
a su v e n t i l m .
la vivienda se artic.uk en una
qua se wms!mn enbe
i6n & d i i colores
su exterior a y d a a re-
la presencia de estos drnenes.
lias puertas corrdems de
planta bap sirwn Fomo
ai aspect0 del rasto del
asfach&asnMte
alumirk a w & s
The facade of this church was clad in
white render.
In the centre of tfie awed wall one can
see a small circular opening through
which a beam of ligM is cast inta the
apse. The sunlight enters the church
through 25 skylightdcmes and many
w i n d m situated in the side wall.
Lafadmdadeesta~laseham&-
d o c o n m ~ ~ .
Enel~delmurocwvopledewse
una pequel[a &rhrra circular a &a& de
la~unhbdebizpenetFamelLtterior
delgtrside. L a k n d e l s d m a t r a v $ s
de 25 &@as, lucematios y rmmerosas
ventanassihradasenelmuo~.
The outer wails, dean and bare, are
m ered with eolours obtained from
nahrral pigments, grey on the floors
and terraces, M u e on #e verHcal
planes. Thii chromatic e f f d h&ps to
lnrify the maases and dlfferentlates
the m main volumes.
, a la vez que d k m
This clinic was designed with a thick, Esta dlnica se disenb mn urn fuerte y
&&ive form to shietd its occupants r e f h m forma con la intencih de que
from the noise and pollution generat- sus 0cupEtntes ~tuvieranprotwib del
ed by the nearby roundabout and Ry- ruido y de la contarrinacibnque w a n
aver. The fluid h n of the buikling is ta rotonda y el paso e l m adyacsn-
like a gentle w h i i skin with a double ies. La fwma fluida del e d i es como
curve, composed of panels tM pro- una suave y b h m mraza de &We
vide new archttectural qualWs and cum, campuesta pm paneles que otM-
brightnessto a zone dominated by the gan nuevs cualidadesaiquitecthiicas y
strong llnear character af the roads iurninosidada una m a dominada por el
mart run through R. The is W fuerte car$cter lineal de las difwentes
ken up Into curved overlapping W s v$as que lo atraviesan. La fachada se
with afree space between them that d e s m p m e en p a n e b c u m que,
fmmes the views toward the exterior. solagados, dejm un aspacio l ienhe
T k e x b b finish consists of a rough dlos que enmarca tas vistas hacia el
coai d m i c ST0 6 rnrn on small in- M r . El acabado exterior se ha &-
s W t q panels. The sbueture b of 50 zado con un enfesmdo a c r l l i ST0 de
mm coW g a h n i i angular profile. % mm sobre pandes aislanks reduck
dos La esfmchrn es de perfif angular
g ~ o e n f t b ~ m m .
maimafthisschernewasnottobuM
a g m of individual Udings, but an
ality. This led to the use of unHyingfor-
malrnediisuchasthebrlgMmdonthe
which used mineral pigments
€pp& of the old houses of tho city.
k
Fachadas de madera 1
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,,
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-
-:,. : ..
- ,
..:, .; -
. ,,
.. ., I-.
, .
.
'This system d facade dements Is pre-
ktMEafed and composed of an exteri-
;& eeladding of oak, with t h k wad in-
'#illation and sane of the sewloes in-
Hrporated In Its Interlor. Each of
$ W e elements forms a disposable
:hmwrk Into which the concrete is
pured, and It thus has a shctural
@mtion, as well as providing aeoustlc
'hlertion and fire protdon.
,mewo& @ proposed as an element
;& identity in an environment where
Wis matetlal Is rwt common. and at
3he same tlme as an attempt Po Incw-
prate some tradltsonal construction
ddutbns of the 'lryrol.
The dialogue with the exterior is
&Mevd through a sequence of h C
mnles that stand out from the sowh
,hcach like traqmnmt boxes. Doors
make these spaces independent from
We resi of the dwelling, and tult-hehght
s l i i g paneb open them completely
to the exmior.
El sistema de ebmentos de fachada es-
Ill prefabricado y cornpuesto par un re-
vestimlento W r i o r de madera de roble,
, lasaislamiento
8
de lana de r m a y pate de
instalaciones incoporadas en su m-
tsrior. Cada uno de esm elementos con-
fwma un encofrado perdido dentro del
cual se vierte en bra el horm~&n, que
cumple a la ven una funcibn estructural,
I1 mde aislamienta aajstim y de proieocibn
a incendios.
1 La madera se propone corno elernento
1 de identidad en un entorno donde no es
frecuente este material, y al mismo
I tiempo mmo un intento de inwrporar
, algunas soluciones constructhas tradi-
cbmk del Tirol.
El diaogo con el exterior ss ha conse-
I guido a tra~i!sde una muencia de mi-
# radores que sobresalen de la facMa
Bur a modo de cajas transparentes.
Unas puertas permiten independizar
estos espacios del resto de la vivienda,
mientras que unos paneles deslizarttes,
acristalach de suelo a techo, 10s abren
pw oompleto al exteriw.
Thls two-storey house built in oak
wood houses the workshop and
dwelling of an artist
II
One of the most Srilring features of
the scheme is the arrangement of a
series of sliding panels of the same
wood that when closed convert the
house into a blind, hermetic box.
When the panels are opened, the
users enjoy a balcony that sumunds
the dwelling, and when they are closed
they have extra space for the rooms.
The open joints of the external wood
cladding create horizontal strips of
sunlight when the panels are closed.
When the panels are open there is a
fluid relation between the interior
and the exterior.
da, construidaen madera de m
I
the swth f a a c i ~farm a cantlnwua prelabrlmted wood elements, whlch
sxpmeofwinuow m mefirstnaar reduce m and W l M e the con-
structlon -p
En ~ t proye30
e se busch una solucibn
muy rara en tbrminos de arquitmtura c6-
bica: un revestimiento de tablillas de pirm
de alerce (tingladillo). En esta regibn, &e
es un material tradicio~lque ha demos
trado su valor y su calidaddumdera en las
tiiciles cosldiciones clirdticas que preva-
k e n a esta altitud. Debe sefialarse el
juego volum~tricode 10s invernaderos o
logias superpuestos al trazado de las
fachadas sur, y la disposicibn de las
ventanas y de las escaleras en 10s frerk
tes de acceso,que otorgan a 10s edif~
cios una apariencia aleatoria, resiAndo- ,
les severidad frente a la imagen con-
vencional de 10s bloques de pisos. La
piel de escamas de madera, signo de ,
identidad y recurso constructive regio- ,
nal, se recupera mmo un traje a medC
da. El revestimiento de teias de madera
adquiere connotaciones nuevas.
i
~thertypes of wood facades /otros ti~osdefachadasdemadera
The 286 rnP floM area Is divided. into
two parallebplped elements, with one
set back sllghtly fKrm the other.
Parallel walls dad in pressed wood
panels p used for the interior dlvi-
sions of the dwelling, defining spaces
r1
that are c b d by windows on the
north and south sides.
P -7
h
'it
m' cbn~tdm se repartenen un
mfylurado pw dm p b w-
que se ensamblan con un
asesm ~vesti&s da
omerada organizanda
Singldayer panels have the advwrtage of being very light, nof ah- o dexli~.'toopyn~168 ~ B P $ : pu~den
I ~ n&
ser da dos p a ~ w -:
sorbing water md in cmes of fire they do not give off tclxlc g w l unkapw o pandes rnu!timp&. . , .
though they involve prdslms d cwKtsnsatim and thermal expart- Los pane& unr0;8@d;formadmWr un8 sola chqa rrWlca tlehsr
sion, TQ solve h e problem d condensation, ventilated W e 8 are I&VMQ& & i u e $bh m& tiggrm, no t&#n ningh ekrnaflc?.que ::
used. Ttre problem of thermal expangion means that the&wctures e&srk@l6@my m cispiinden ga$esl&~~s,, :
eii faso de'inc@nd~, %
wen them offer greater rebtanos to deformtion. Axording td paquefios, ementando J,~6merq, da junks. En at~unosc m Se
-
the trpe of jointing mawid,the panels may be thermally inart' ar I@$ da un mayor eswsar,p bien i;mi satudanest geom6tlims we per- . *I
imulating. Inw panels using rnaterhts such a$ polyethylme offer ,mitan mo\;/lmipntolibie dg lo$bist~tas paneIe4. C O W par rqjemplo :
greater strength. and absorb expansion without the need to in- con pllegues-~nk s h d e s M p'a,mI., , ,
ihe thickness of mi m d plate, rro panels of considelable Lm p&88 muillcape, f ~ o pwodo$ cRaga$ &h ih r n k r i r l de $
size can be u s d (up to 8 metres long by 1.5 m wide). Furlhamore, A un&-lntsiw, &emuna inayor.lnercia te~i&entEi.3$@n sl rn$eri- R
as there is no thermal hsulstjbn between the two metal Sheets, - at'ci@U M ~ ,kxspadw m~&rr ot.hart@@ t&miwente Q ai&t86, - j
there is no prnblem of thermal expansion between the two. In gen- . , , & r& pWo?er i n e m con mhrlale9.de unldn corn el pollatiknot 1
era the facad= are ventilated to a d d condensatlan. . se cansigrjB ljrG &or W & n ~ i qu- a absortae tes dilatacioms sin 2
, ngeaidisd de am-rywef gwesa & la &@a ma$lica,. I6que psr- . -4
In insulating panels the jolding materid is a thermal insulation d
mineral wod, polyurethane OF polycymumte. l%lssolution avoids
condensation and Increases the resistance of the panel to toefor- ,
,mitesue puedan H@ar a ser'pandss.ds un mm7o considerable (de
- hsta 8 m de ,WgaPM 1,6 rn cte &&a),Adem&, ql &'%em& un A$-.
-4
matiin. Howevw, there is a problem of tfrrerential e a n s l o n be b t e t6rmIco entie 1$8 dos c h m m e t a i d , no ti- el problem de
%weepthe twofaces of the panel, which can lead to euwature and dilataci6rI elifer&@ wiJwambas, Pm Is$grwaI @eusm con fa*
defonnati, so it is prefembie W use small panels. A& the insula- das vsntlladas para e&ar I& c ~ e k a c i a n a s . 2 . . 4
~4
Zion is In the panel' itself, one must maintaln the two layers con- En b s mle~ dslmtes, d malerial de ufi6n es uu &&&Ia i a i m :
skntly isolated, even at ~e edges, t~ twoid a thermal bridge, i6nnim. ya &a lma minerd, polluretam a policianuralo. ~n 88ta 80-
iuclbli se corHgue Wpr "las oandywQms y amentar la inem '
1
resi~& d+ panel. btow fain@ tiehen d problem$de dkmb
< nes d i f m m i a e-doscaras a,p%d. lo que puede piomcar '
ptv~twins y&oydme$ de &e, oon lo que es prsferible lo usar
panel&'& griodes dhqndrnesAt enk&barse qi ais!an?+o en et
' W o -el, My ~ r a & ' ~ @ +s chapas ~slactas@nSta?tg: 5
3
~Wnte,indw en l&&e$S, para esultal aaiquier M n t e h ~ .
>- . - . ..
IMetal facades
'ac hadas metalicas
These facades were h i l t udng a dou- Las fachadas se construyerm a partir de
ble skin. The outer skin of aluminium una doble piel: siendo de aluminio la ex-
creates an air chamber in the Interior, terior, creando una c h a m de aire en la
whlle an open chamber at the top patte interior, y una abierta en la parte
takes the cooled air upwards. superior para crear una circulacib verti-
From the outsfde, this hospital has an cal ascendente del aire refrigerado.
unusual appearance. The building is Exteriorrnente,este hospital se caracte
m p e d of two perfectlyd i i - riza por presentar una configuracibn
ed blocks clad in aluminium, which are pcco habitual. El edificio e& constitui-
separated by the mid of the emkame. do por dos blques perfectamente dife
renciados, revestidos de alurninio, y
que aparecen separados entre sf por el
vacio de la entrada.
This private residencemuseum stands
on a black gmnile podium that extends
outwards at t4e front and rear of the
main volume. The white volume of the
h o w , wftich stands on pilotis, Roats
above the podium like an opaque
plane, perforated by several openings.
The front facade, clad in metal, p r o m
the dwelling areas, whereas the north
and w& facades have curtain walls
that, together with the o p q e main h
cade, direct the interlor space toward a
smalt pod in the southwest area.
The exterior of the house is clad in pan-
els of white painted aluminium with alu-
mlniumframed, insulzrting windows.
3 rekidencia-museopr~vado
se asien-
Isob& un p d i o revestido de granito
ro p ~se&extknde tanto en la parte
:rig m m o posterior del volumen
C I El ~cuerpo blanw de la casa,
sobre pilotis, Rota sobre
un plan0 opam, perfora-
E
akrturas.
"* frontal, revestida de metal,
a>?onas dest~nadasa viviinda
en Ias fachadas norte y oes-
cOrtia que, junto con la
$$a pimcipal, dirigen el ss-
@ hacia un pequefio estaque
V e .
es un cornplejo de 20 apar-
a ancianos que se desarro-
el interior de un edificio de 4 plan-
te, de manera que
de 10s usuarias. En
el cierre de la fachada es una
6 alurninio pdorado can un
central abiirto. Estas g a l a s y
la &an mmo filtro entre el ca-
liw de la calle y la privacidad
de acceso se enwenban
protegidas con pantallas
perfwado, que marcan el
de cada videnda s i l impedir la
de luz a las mismas
On thls page, the building materials are pre- En esta W i n a , 1% naateriales constructivos scn prefa-
fabricated: large panels fw ligM buildings s u p br'icados: grandes placas para construcciones ligeras
ported by pillars mounted on the foundations satenidas por pilares rnontados sobre 10s cimientos y
and trapezoidal rough aluminium sheel on the chapa trapezoidal de aluminio en bruto en las superfi-
surfaces of the facades. The wooden elements cies de las fachadas. Los elementm mstructivos de
were simply treated with wax. madera han sido sencillamente tratados a la cera. Lado
North side: the facade is practically bllnd, b e norte: la fachada es prActicamente ciega, lo que res-
cause of the nearby railway. ponde a la cercana via &I ferrocarril.
On the following page, the facades of the pris- En la phgina sigu~ente,las fachadas de Ios wlbmenes
matie volumes are resolved through largo prismhticos se resuelven mediante grandes planos de
planes of aluminium panels, strategically cut placas de aluminio, estratkgicamente horadadas por
by horizontal glazed strips. Another feature is puntuales franjas acrisialadas de tendencia horizontal.
the vertlcal glazing that houses the staimell Destaca asi misrno el acristalamiento vertical que alber-
on the west facade. ga la caja de escaleras en el alzado occidental.
copper
-
ment of the panels allows sunlight nas zonas, la dispici6n de !as plaeas
h g h . The copper clad- con- permlte la entrada de l u solar. Et reves-
#ak the number of lev& and ttw tfmiento aSpico chimula el n6mero de
-re- af ?hebuilding. The arrange- niveles y fa mrudura del d i .La dik
ofthecopper panets -0P- posici6n d8 bs placas de cabre permite
~effeetsontheaiurfaeesafthe crearuncsjuegos6pticossobrelasstk
whkh reinforce Ihe Image d pemcies dd wbo, que refuemn la ima-
'~~ M e i y and calm amblgu- gen de rnisteriosa sobriedad y serena
*-mwiurnemai~its- ambigwad. I3 volumel mod- su
as the copper Is oxldised mlerior a m e d i i que d cobre
se oxida y cambia su colw y texturn.
borten steel facades /^-"-"--
dc
. o t h e r e fachadas meta~jcas
winter, the requirement of cleb direct views of the extertar, and Si sa va a disefiar una protemlbn ~o18rl:adscu$d.da.a esbs wigen- ?
h e loglIdrl1 de&re tQ achieve the maximum level of irlterior light- eias, deben tenerse en cyenta abunas iimdtacione$.61 inkds de no I
ning tye the three most difficult cott&tlqrls .to combine, through gerdfrr el apsrte t ~ r n l i w
!
sotar en nvlerm, la exig$nc[w& fwer u m .a
the use-dleyers, stained g l a e and ~therforms of solar protee-
g$
,., vsibn direna y nit& da,werim y el ldgico c b 8 c y de conseguir el 1
6on..However, the disadvanfages of completely glazed bulldings
are o b ~ b wI : s bf heat in Winter and overbating in summer. $&$&
m h m o nivel de ilurninacldn Hlterjor soh Ms tr@$ <mdicianes rn&
diiicille~de conciliar con lamas. Woos tefiidas y dm& uilflaje de 1
i
There are many h t k k t h g eolutions for facades of buildings ;$&$&g$ la p r o t m d n solar. Sm embargo, las daventajas de los edificios -.$
mat are environment !riendly. his qpmach considerably re- $3;:; ). c~ptetarnenteawistaiados son obvlvias: pdrdidas de
dices energy tosses,iq winter and overheating in summer. The p>Bsg invierno y sobrecalentarniento en verano. .
$$$$2:
range of posibiliiies and c,mhinAtionsmay be divided info the wpp-/>L Exlsten bastantes ~oluciongs1nteresmB paraTachadas de edificio~
f0llbwing c@egori&: - - p,.. que: son rmpstuosas con ei Mi ambient@.Este plameam~emo
,:A@
- Pingle-dayerfacades,elements of solar protaction, exterior crr in- A*.-' reduce mrlsiderabbmenta las p6ldida3 energ&lw en inviernq y el 2
subreCaientamlento en veranb. El abanico de posi biildades~y"p"~Akx
nacfonesp d e agruparse en tas siguimtes cam~rkis.F~ ~~M~W- % ~;W: %F ~c ~~
- FachadBs mana&a, elementas de grhtecci6n contra d sdl, exte-
3
,,
the atmospheric
cleaning and maintenance. - . . dernentw de cmttot sdal &didos. Urn elemento de control solar
,exterior es mi$ eficiente que uno irri~iOr,a MuSa dW'ca1m qua .
resulta de la sobrwadtcibn dot elemento m~smo,que st est6 fuera,
permanwe en el -nor &I edifi~io.Sin embargo, las efeaos de las -
condiciones atmsfkrlcas pueden'incrementa Q I gan mmera bs '
castes &'llmpi.ena y m e n l ~ ~ n t o ,
provides ~a:nece&aryair flow. Una fachda mufiwa ss obtkne ar7Miendo uffa tuna sdlla dg ;
iachadas de vidrio
This mnstru#m, based on a t h m
dimensional grid, adopts the form of a
g h h o f 8 x 1 5 x 1 2 ~ . T h e
Mldlng b dMded m l y lnto bwr
~.Theofflce,locatedonh~
W, occupies the two higher vd-
me!% whereas the two lower flows
house the dvEelling.
Tkbuikliiiswrappedhalhhskin
of transparent gl-, which emb-
the fow facad= and helps to EMnrert
the Interlor lnto a dear, bright space
during the day.
T h e f o u r ~ o f
can nI- their degree of privacy
and p r o & d m from sunlight through
Um use ofW l e insulating curtains.
La constnlccih, basada en urta trams
Mmensional. adopta h forma de una
caja de cristal de 6x15~12m e . En
senti& vertical, el ediicio se divide en
euatro partes. La oficina. si)uada en el
lrrtimo nivel. m p a 10s dos vol~imenes
sup4bms, mlentras que en las dos par-
tes tnferlares se encuentran las dos
plantas de vivienda.
El e d i se w w e k en una sutil piel
de vidio msparente, que abr~aalas
~ ~ s y q u e ~ a m n +
vertir el interior en un espacio Ilmpio y
luminoso dwante el dla.
Las cualro PachadaS de aim1 transpa-
rente piden m t a r su grad0 de pri-
v ~ y ~ f m t e a l a r a d i i
66n sdar mediante la u t i l d n de cor-
tinas aislantes rn%les.
Wlth four L-shaped towers llke open Con sus cualro torres en L asemejando-
books facing each other and dellmltlng se a cuatro libros abiertos en~rados10s
a symbotic space, the library Imposes
Its presence and has a clear Identity.
unos a 10s otros y delimitando un esp&
cio simbblico, la bibliateca impone su
1;
The aim of the architecl was to clad the presencia y una clara identidad.
building in p e l s of glass that were as El objetivo del arquitecto ha sido recubrir '
u
I
large and hamparent as possible. e[ edificio con paneles de cristal lo m h
The towers were clad in the most grandes y transparentes posible.
transparent glaas available in order to Las torres han sido recubiertas con el
accentuate their immaterial nature. cristal mAs transpareme posibte para I
acentuar su inmaterialidad.
The continuity Is ensured ttrrough a La continuidad queda garantizada
d l selection of materials (glsss, mediame una cuidada seleccibn de
dwn$llurn and steel) and &urs matetiales (miHal, aluminio y m)y
mh, g m y and s w . The walk rue mlores (W, gris y plateado). Cas
bulb with g l w sornetjnws pardes e s t h constmidas con cristal,
d ~ m e s ~ w W I S l ~ v ; t . urms veca tmnsparente y otras wbierto
ri&y ofd m of manic to ensure a con una gran variedad de densidades
s u ~ l e v e l o i ~ a n d d e f i - de cerhica para garantizar un nivel
nitionofthe-The- aproplado de msparencia y ck deWi
of hgkss enawm the visual d n u - ci6n de superficies. La bansparencia del
ily between h e acws8 wea, the hat1 cristal garantiza b continuidad visua[
~htepraceofthegarden. ewe la uxla de accesos, el vestibule y
la t e r n del jardin.
I translucent glass facades /hehadas de vidrio translucido
The headquarters
Port m p a n y Lenmdi was designed
as a shgle, rectangular volume with
hvo levels and an exterior cladding of
I
comgmbd sheets that Is only Inter-
rupted by the doors piaced along the
facade for lorry access.
From the exterior, the building is per-
ceived as a rectangular volume with-
out partitions, and w l h openings fm
theen~oflorries.ttsfaeadeof
transluoent glass panels fills the interL
or wlth daylight.
hotel.
.. C
. '. ,% "I:.,
: -?,,&<>;
,
< 81.5
.svn
iT"2
: ,,A:
The r-gular ground plan of the
complex is dMded into elght wlumes
that house the small residentla1 units.
These are M on a concrete pllnth and
offer a pwverhrl silhouette agalnst the
dlsartlculated urban landscape of
~ l o J in i ,Tokyo.
The functional pmgramme was re-
- sOhred wlth great simplldiy: the apart-
I+menisoccupy the higher levels, within
dght cubes measuring slx m m ,
, de plantarectangular, se
8 volrjmenes que albergan
pequenas unidades residenciales.
se alzan sobre un basamento de
ig6n y perfilan una contundente si-
en .el mrticulado paisaje urban0
>. I>-.. .
Las dimensiones de la parcela --estre- vistas sobre el p6lder cercano. Se s'tlian en madera, al igual que la fachada sur,
cha y alargad- y su orientah --nor- sin orden aparenie, lo que provoca dC contrastando con la supenkb de vidrio
tesur-, Wigahan a r W i ur~wlu- versas perspectm desde las galehas y trormigbn de las gal&=.
m longitudinal y a ad- un mbdub de las distintas piantas. Cerradas par- En el disello de las W u r a s , ha sido
de 7,20metros en fachada, ya que un dalrnente con vidrio, en estas galehas necesaria una gran riqueza y variedad,
bloque m b profundo can viviendas m h se dejan algunos huecos abier€os por ianto de formas como de materiales,pa-
estrechas no parecia un solucibn posi- don& Lentilan las habitawnes,cocinas ra proporcionar la individualidad requeri-
ble. Para asegurar el solea- y un pequeiro cuarto,que dan a esta fa- da a cada apartamento. Trece de I m
miento en 106 d i de 106 alrededo- chada. Con las wrimhnes en la posG cien apartamentos se encuentran total-
res d l o wan acorndam en la pasti- ci6n de las ventan& y las distintas rne- mente susmdidm de la fachada norte
Ila 87 de las cien u n W e rqueridas, didas y maleriale de 10s balmnes, en mediante un sistema de vigas memicas
par lo cud se decid~dafiadir unos cuer- 10s que se hace uso de diferentes colo- trianguladas que permiten absorber el
pos en voladiio en la cara norte. Estas r s , se ha mseguido dotar de mracter vdadkzo. Cada uno de estos 13 aparta-
cajas, que sobresalen de la a-f di- propio a cada una de las viviendas. mentos recibe sol en las fachadas este y
neada a la calle,se abren por sus I&- Debido a las wdenamas cmba incen- oeste.
raks a la orimtaci6n este-oeste, ya que dim y la regulacibn sobre a i m e n t o El odor del baldn lo dezidla el inquilino,
en Holanda esi4 prohibido orientar las adstim., h u h que revestir la estrmura lo que explica la M d a d y el riimo cro-
Wendas rjnicamente al norte, y a las en vohduo; estos cuerpos se acaban &tic0 que reina en el edificio.
IF;1:
::>:
-
The dimensions of the plot long and
n -
m and the north-soutfi aienta-
tlon made it n m w to create a Ion-
gttudlnal volume and to adopt a mod-
ule of 7.20 metres on the facade, dnce
a deeper block with narrower
dwelllm dld not seem feasible. To
e m r e sufklent exposure to the sun
in the surmundings buildings, only 87
of the required hundred unlts could be
housed in the Wock, so it was decided
to add overhanging volumes on the
north facade. These boxes -that stand
out from the facade aligned to the
street- are open at the sides in the
east-west orlentation (in Hdland it is
forMddm to orlent dwellings only tc-
wards the north), offering views of the
nearby polder. They are arranged
without apparent order, creating differ-
ent perspectives from the galleries of
the different floors. These galleries are
partially closed wfth glass, and some
parts are I& open to ventilate the
rooms (kitchens and a smalf utility
room) that give onto this facade. With
the varlatlons in the posltlon of the
windows and the diirent measures
and materlals of the balconies -in
which different colours are used- each
dwelling has Its OWTI character. Due to
the regulations on fire and acoustlc fn-
sulation, the overhanging structures
had to be clad; they are finished tn
wood, like the south facade, oontrast-
ing with the glass and concrete sur-
face of the galleries.
fn the deslgn of the openings, great
richness and variety of forms and ma-
terials was neoessav in order to pro-
vide the individuality required for each
apartment. Thirteen of the hundred
apartments are totally suspended
from the north facade by means of a
triangulated metal frame that absorbs
the overhang. Each of these 13 apart-
ments receives sunlight on the east
and west Pacades.
The colour of the balcony was deci-
ded by the tenants, which explalns the
variety and the chromalic rhythm that
governs tho building.
The building is a long block parallel to stone is 3 crn thick. The horizontal
the road that runs through the valley. joint between the stones is 6 mm and
The facade on the road side has the vertical one 4 rnrn. Water penetra-
views and sunlight, whereas the rear tion is reduced by these narmw Joints,
facade faces the north and the moun- the width of which is established by
tain. The end walls respond in their the type of k i n g , the precision In the
composltlon to similar principles: the assembly and the calculated move
west facade, the first that is seen ment of Ihe structure.
when one approaches from the town, An interesting innovation in this work
shows the thidmess of the building, was the lattice of stone slats, consist-
whereas the opposite wall, which ing of folded panels of stainless steel
gives straight onto the landscape, to which the stone was attached.
opens the building toward the exledor
and transforms the end of the block
into a sort of ship's bow.
The south facade expresses the differ-
ences In size between the rooms and
comblnes the stone cladding of the
larger surfaces with the zinc cladding
of the overhanging elements. The
north facade is clad in concrete
blocks, a cheap material that creates a
special tension with the sophisticated
technology used in the lintels to allow
the long horizontal openings.
A low wall of hollow bri&s wlh ther-
mal protection has simple guides at-
tached halfway between the floor
slabs. The veneer of San Vicente
0 5 10 25
-...
151
The apartment building mnsists of a anthracite grey that create tight longi-
linear block divided horizontal& lnto tudinal strlps of facade which are cut
three clearly differentiated parts: a by the habntal &ips of the wln- I
plinth of offices and shops, a central a. The six villas that complete tha _1
volume with 26 apartments and a set bulMing are presented as a sculptural 1
of six large arbiculated villas that com- combination of fragmentary and arti-
plete the volume. Though wrapped in culated volumes clad In red cedar.
a common volumetric shell, each of The three intermediate f k r s consist
these parts expresses its relation to of a forceful rectangular volume with a
the exterior through the difserent ope-
nings and the different textures and
materials. The plinth has the function
of dlrect connection with the Irnmedia-
te urban environment and with the re-
rhythm of wlndows sunk and cut lnto
the f a d e of concrete and anthracb
grey. The One of the roof is described
through a sculptural comblnatlon of ''I
volumes dad in cedar, whose corners
i
1
maining elements of the scheme. and
Finished in sturdy stone shtes from
the Ardennes region, it opens at the
points corresponding to the shops
and the four doorways, and ts proton-
ged Into the intwior of the block to
form the walls that deltmit the gardens
paces, the old villa and the car park.
The central volume Is clad in panebs of
El edificio de apartamentos consiste en un manzana para formar los muretes que deli-
bloque lineal dividido horizontalmente en mitan 10s espacios mrrespondientes al
tres partes claramente diferenciadas: un jardin, la antigua villa y el aparcamiento. El
z6calo de oficinas y cornercios, un cuerpo volurnen central estb revestido de placas de
central con 26 apartamentos y un conjunto antracita gris que crean tersos pafios longi-
de 6 grandes villas articuladas que rematan tudinales de fachada en 10s que se recortan
el volurnen. Aunque encerrads en una en- 10s huecos horizontales de las ventanas c e
volvente volumbtrica comljn, cada una de -. rridas. Las seis villas que rematan el edificio
estas partes expresa su diferente relacibn se presentan como un juego escultorico de
con el exterior a travbs de 10s diversos hue- vol13menes fragrnentarios y articulados,
cm, asl como de las distintas texturas y revestidos de mad&a de cedro rojo.
rnateriales. Asi, la funcibn de conexi6n dl- Los tres pisos intermedios consisten en un
recta w n el entorno urbano inmediato y pderoso volumen rectangular con un ritmo
con los &stantes elementos del proyecto de ventanas rehundidas y recortadas en la
corresponde al z h l o . Acabado en robus- fachada de hormigbn y antrancita gris. La
tas lajas de piedra de la region de las llnea de 2ubierta se describe rnediante un
brdenas, se abre en 10s puntos correspon- juego escultural de voldmenes revestidos
dientes a 10s comercios y a 10s cuatro por- de madera de cedro, cuyas esquinas y re-
tales y se prolonga hacia el interior de la tranqueos forman lujosas terrazas.
This old *storey stone farmhouse Esta antigua granja de piedra de dos
was a damp place without running wa- plantas se caracterizaba por ser un lugar
ter that urgently needed restoration. himedo y por necesjtar una urgente res-
The work had to be carried out without tauracibn. Se trataba de poder realizar la
spoiling the transparent typology of obra sin estropear la tipologla transpa-
the existing structure. The bulldlng is rents de la estructura existente. A1 edifi-
accessed through a surprhlngly large cio se accede a traves de una sorpren-
m c e lomted in the cem of a sto- dente y generosa entrada situada en el
ne wall. An annex In larch wood on the oentro de un muro de piedra. Un annexo
west side is now the sunniest part of realizado en madera de alscce y situado
this solid stone house. en ta zona oeste, resulta ser ahora la zo-
na mas soleacia de esta sblida casa de
piedra.
I It-I--,
The joinery of the windows may be of wood, steel, aluminium or ~2-gorientabtes y ventanas de librillo o de acordeon.
PVC, though the new materials that are coming onto the market -+== carpinterra de las ventanas puede ser de madera, de acero, de
offer better protection against moisture and wind. -La
*atuminio y de PVC, aunque 10s nuevos materiales que van satien-
Additional elements on the facade include systems of shade anc nr-z 'do al mercado se van adaptando a ellas para mejorar sus condi-
protection that control the degree of lighting, sunlight and ventila ciones de estanqueidad.
tion, partial reduction of views, and protection from forced entry. gs:
*x3
- . .
. .
---
LI
I
L
-
Cerramientos exteriores,
-3
el h u e c o
-Y
-.
The main facades of this resldentlal Las fachadas principafes de este com-
complex are of rubble with exterior h- plejo residenciat son de mamposteria
sulation and a flne stuoco finish with a con aislamiento exterior y un estucado
uniform colour that forms a smooth fino y de color uniforme que muestra el
skin mapping the geomebie volume of edificio mmo un cuerpo geometric0
the building. The dark chestnut colour vestido con una piel lisa. El color casta-
of the outer walls is set against the Aa oscuro de las paredes externas se
brlgM orange of the walls of a h
te court, yuxtapone con el color naranja claro de
generating a rich chromatic effect of las paredes del patio, lo que genera un
contrasts In a space that d w wlth rico juego cromhtiw de contrastes en
the changes of llgM during the day. un espacio que varia con 10s cambios
The large wlndows run fm floor to de luz a lo largo del dia.
ceiling on the facades and are like Las grandes ventanas se recartan de
enormous eyes looklng over the lake suelo a tech0 sobre 10s alzados y se
and the park. T h y have a wide alu- abrm wrno enormes ojos hacia el lago
mhlum frame that houses the blinds, y el parque. sta as se perlilan con un an-
runners and wooden jolrsery. Seen cho marm de aluminio a modo de cwni-
from tiw exterior, these windows have sa que con?ienelas persianas, guias y la
no external protection or ralllngs. carpinteria de rnadera. Vistas desde el
The free arrangement of the open- exterior, estas ventanas no tienen ni pro-
ings corresponds to the different teccibn externa ni barandiltas.
types of apartments. La distribucibn libre de las aperturas
responde a los distintos tipos de apar-
tamentos.
As the archlte& wished to u g n a h -
cad8 that WBB 88 transparent as possb
Memwi~ofgreathemthey
1 '
,r-O----.-
I r
o
e-
,
16
The most a l i k d w W r e s of this moblle elements such as panels of Rne and down through grooves in the
building are the arrangement of the slats of C a m m a d e reintorced by a frames, as in a sash wlndow. During
openings and the composition d the fllm of flhglass and a translucent gel the night, the small panel of the upper
facade, as a medium for eonceallng mat, mounted on a metal frame. As part and the Large one of the lower
the interior. The curtain wall of the fa- the marble slds are only 7 mm thlck, part are joined to conceal the glazed
cade is compsed of prefabri~ted they allow the daylighl through. part of the facade module. The parts
f w d modular elements, induding sills The panels rnwe through a pulley and move independently to offer a large
and frames, all in fibre concrete, and counterweight mechanism and go up number of intermediate positions.
El mayor atra3vo de esta edificacion
resih en la cornposic16nde la fachada,
mncebida mmo un rnedio de oculta-
cibn, y sobre todo, en la configuracibn
de las aberturas. El muro cortina de la
fachada estA compuesto por elemmtos
prefabricados rnodulares fijos, inclwn-
do alferares y montantes vertjticales, to-
do en hormigbn de fibra; y p r otros ele-
mentos rnbiles, paneles de tinas lamas
de mhmol de Carrara refonadas por .
ma -pel'mla .de Wm cle,~elrioy get
transl6ad0, montadas sobre un marco
de prfil metaico. La extrema delgadez
de estas lamas de rnhrmol de 7 mrn
permite filtrar la lur.
Los paneles se mueven mediante un m e
canismo de p l e a y conkapeso, y se
d e s p l e de arriba abajo s trads de
ranwas inssrtas en rnmtantesveriicales,
como en una ventana de guitlatina.
I Durante la mck, el panel pqueAo de la
p h superior y el mayor de la inferior se
8
juntan para ocultar la parte vidriada del
m&ulo de fachada La independencia
de sus movirnientm permite urn gran
variedad de posiciones interrnedias.
laminxla, los ecfficios
@aje escueto y fumi
contraventmas m d m s dan la
El mkter tmrtsparente de la pi
revela ackmhs la g e o M a de la
ca de madera. Las hhturas se
de la excesk radiacbn sdar
g r m k wntmventanas mrredems,
Lm edificios, cuya estructura es ch
mrg6n armado, esth cubiertos per
piel de madera de pno no tratadq
&jet0 de que su color se vuelva ofis
el paso del trempo.
c W , are m v e d by a sldn
treated p5ne d, which will g~
In the course of tlme.
The doors are dlding separating elements and t a s puertas son elementos separadores deslizantes
walk of dm, inslde and out, that occupy the y paredes de cristal, tanto dentro como fuera, que
whole Itelght of the m.There are no lintels, sills ocupan toda la altura de la habitacibn. No hay dinte-
w spandrels. Sliding blinds, screens and open gal- ies, antepechos ni umbrales. Persianas correderas,
kdes act as separating layers between the public marnparas y gderias abiertas act6an como estratos
and private spaces. separadores entre 10s espacios p6blicos y privados.
Due to the high degree of flexibility provided by Debido a1 amplio grado de fleibilidad y aberlura con
the archlteets and the open nature of the facades' que 10s arquitectos han resuelto la compici6n de fa-
wrnposlhion, the occupants can adapt the outer chadas, Im inquilinos puedenadaptar la estructura ex-
structure to their Individual needs without disturb- terior a sus necesidades iidwiduales sin perturbard rit-
1 ing the general rhythm of the elevations. mo general de los alzadw.
, The exterlor composition also provides spatial La oomposici6n de 10s acteriores beneficia tambien a
quality and brightness on the Interior. la calidad espacial y a la lurninosidad de 10s interiores.
In terms of volume, thls scheme con-
st& of a plinth that suppMts two
bulldings (the hotel and the apartment
block), which is clad In dark grey
enamelled glass in the opaque areas,
creating a similar e f k l to that of a
normal glass window.
In contrast to thls 'Yransparenr base,
the upper part Is clad in matt glass on
the exterior. Both the open spaces and
the closed volumes shlne Ihrough a
matt external envelope.
Due to the modular use, to the layout af
the windows, to the matt glass and to
the fddlng shutterg, the facades look
rrwm like a code than a compmstlon.
Depending on the we of the sidjacemt
spa-, the facade consists ofa series
of layers of matt glass, bansparent
glass, and sweens of thermal w solar
insulation in several combinations.
To protect the interior from exessive
sunlight, sliding aluminium shutters
were incorporated in the facade. A is
as if the envelope of the bblldlng
opened in an ever-changing m d f .
The two white houslng volumes show
the cornpsitfon based on Roor-to-
ceiling panels. The use of shutters
wer the glass panes produces a fa-
cade whose appearance changes
continually accwdinq to the use of the
housing and the climate, forming mu-
sical varlsdlons on the same lattice
subject. The scheme has thus been
designed with attention to the envlron-
ment, in which It stands SeMassured.
I-
f,' -
\
',- I
til tbrrminm de volumen, el proyecto Debido al uso modular, a la distribwibn abriera en un motivo siempre camb~ante.
consiste en un plinto scbre el que se de ventanales, al vidrio mate o a las Los dos cuerpos blancos de alojamiento
apoyan dos edificios (el hotel y el bloque mntraventanas plegables, las fachadas awsan la wmposici6n basada en pans-
de apartarnentos) y que est& revestido se asernejan rnAs a an c6digo que a les de fxhada de suelo a techo. El an-
de vidria esmaltado en gris oscuro en una composici6n. pleo de contraventanas sobre 10s Wos
las mrms opacas, de rnanera qus &n- Oepesldiendo del uso de 10s espacjos d- de vidrio prduce una fachada cuyo as-
sslva el efecto similar al de una ventana yaoentes, la fachada mnsiste en una se pecto cambia continuamente, se@n el
de vjdrio normal. r i i de cap~isde v i d t i mate, vidrio trans- uso del afojamiento y el ctima, formando
En contraposici6n a esta base transpa- w r i t e , pantallas & aislamiento tbrmica variaciones musicales del rnismo Zema
rente, la park superior estA revestida o solar en mbinaciones varias. reticular. Asl que el confunto se dl&
de vidrio mate en el extedor. Tanto los Para proteger el interior de la excesiva in- wn atembn al entorno y con ssgcrridad
&pacios abiertos corno 10s volhmenes solacibn, m han integrado en la fachada en su propia presencia.
errados brillan a travbs de la envoltu- mntraventanas de alurninio corrderas.
I - ra externa mate, Es mmo si la envoltura del edificio se
The street facade Is totally glared and
is protectd by a cast Iron curtaln that
can be folded element by element.
The undulating openings give the cur-
tain afluid and textile feeling. Whereas
the construction of the facade leaves
the central space of the dwelling be-
hind, its heavy material provides pro-
tection against the unpleasant noise
on thls slde of the street.
The photograph shows the absolute iw
dependence of the structure, whM om
ly adapts to the nwds of tfre residents.
A volume thb Un vohmen que hace las woes de
tweenthsm$rK% puente sntre la m n s h c c i h nueva y ta
houses the an~gua&.la las zonas de adminisffa-
and repwsmM&. ci6n y representaci6n. Por rxzones tanto
sons, ma facade bT estbticas oomo de oornposicibn, la
ing was e M in fachada del edificio original m ha reves-
w h e w the m made tido con paneles de madera, mientras
with g l m and & E f ) r i d g e que el nuevo edificio se ha realkado con
was c o n c e i v e d w a W W ~ ris- vidrio y hormig6n. El puente se ha con-
es above We WH hitding. It is cebido Gomo una viga de caje que se al-
ma& of reinforced mnaMe clad in za sobre el edificio original. La viga de
orangered paintsd plywmd. Due to caja se ha redizado con hormigbn
thenatureof thissRummandItsflaw arrnado revestido de madera contracha-
of forces, the many large w f n d m o e pada pintada de rojo anaranjado.
wpy a very large area Debido a la naturaleza de esta estructu-
The wlndows ate p r u t w w by shut- ra y a su 17 ujo de fuerzas, la superticie del
tws that fold vertically, and from thls ventanale es la mayor posible, tanto por
position they c o m l the sunlight from la cantidad de vams como por la altum
the east and west. y anchurz de 10s mismos
Las ventanas estAn protwdas por con-
traventanas que se pliegaA verticalmen-
te, y desde esta posici6n ,controlan el
asolearniento del este y del beste.
A c ud a p p r w h was u%dfor hiis
dwelling, which is interpeW
technically Inn-
a
residential
bulldlng that has an experimental
fumth In its current sltuatlon. The fa-
cade la a decorative concrete wall wlth
vienda QE se m
residenci t 8 c n i -
Se utilizb un enfoque ruml pam esta vi-
eomo un e d i
ejem una fund611 exprlmenfal en su
que
--
frmt of ttm building consists of a r a m lapartepstmor. La partefrontal
stnrc9um of Irninated wood pogts dd!3diiconsistesnwraestructurade
with a panel d Betoplan (qmxywab postes de madera larnirda con un ganel
ed ptywood). The panels are both de & e m de Betoplan [rnadem cmh-
ikd, with red ftxings to provide eon- cbpada de e m P . tos p a d e son fib,
; or with wooden $hut- con ensamblajes de tono m j b para
* asthe windonrs. m,0 mavibles con mmavenh-
nas de madm frente a las m a s .
blinds and curtains /gersianas y cortinas
The a p m l n l ~
are arounl
~ourtthatopensmtheswthside
the adjoining plot This side opening
not only intended to let lhe light a m
sunshtne Into the apartments, but also
totakeadvantageofthe~ofa
~ ~ ~ o n t h e a d ~ i n g p
The aparbnents all look towards ttm
central court The outw wls we tow-
ly glazed and pmtected with wooden
roller bllnds.