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Medical Abbreviations
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DTP diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine; distal tingling on
percussion (Tinel sign)
DTR: Deep tendon reflexes. These are reflexes that the doctor tests by banging on the
tendons with a rubber hammer.
DVT: Deep venous thrombosis (blood clot in large vein).
Dx diagnosis
ETOH: Alcohol. ETOH intake history is often recorded as part of a patient history.
ECT: Electroconclusive therapy. A procedure used to control seizures (convulsions).
EB Epstein Barr (virus)
EBV – Epstein Barr virus
ECT electroconvulsive therapy
ECG electrocardiogram
EEG electroencephalogram
EKG [German] Elektrokardiogramme,
EMG electromyogram;
ENG electronystagmography
EOG electrooculography
ERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
ERT estrogen replacement therapy ERV expiratory reserve volume
ESP extrasensory perception
FB foreign body
FHR fetal heart rate
FHT fetal heart tones
FISH fluorescent in situ hybridization
FNA fine-needle aspiration
FX: Fracture.
g: gram, a unit of weight. The cream is available in both 30 and 60 gram tubes.
GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease
GFR glomerular filtration rate
GHRF growth hormone releasing factor
GYN gynecology
GOMER: Slang for "get out of my emergency room."
GvHD: Graft vs. host disease. It is complicated by the syndromes of acute and chronic
graft-vs-host disease (GVHD).
gtt: Drops.
HAART highly active antiretroviral therapy
Hbg haemoglobin
HBsAb hepatitis B surface antibody
HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen
HBV hepatitis B virus
HCV Hepatitis C virus
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H&H: Hemoglobin and hemiatocrit. When the H & H is low, anemia is present. The
H&H can be elevated in persons who have lung disease from long term smoking or
from disease, such as polycythemia rubra vera.
HLA human lymphocyte antigen, human leukocyte antigen
HPF high power field
HPI history of present illness
HPL human placental lactogen
H&P: History and physical examination.
h.s.: At bedtime. As in taking a medicine at bedtime.
H/O or h/o: History of. A past event that occurred.
HA: Headache.
HRT: Hormone replacement or hormone replacement therapy.
HTN: Hypertension. Continue Reading
I&D: Incision and drainage.
IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease. A name for two disorders of the gastrointestinal
(BI) tract, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
ICD International Classification of Diseases of the World Health Organization;
ICD: Implantable cardioverter defibrillator
ICU: Intensive care unit. The patient was moved to the intensive care unit.
IM: Intramuscular. This is a typical notation when noting or ordering an injection
(shot) given into muscle, such as with B12 for pernicious anemia.
IMP: Impression. This is the summary conclusion of the patient's condition by the
healthcare professional at that particular date and time.
I & O (fluid) intake and output
IPPB intermittent positive pressure breathing
IPPV intermittent positive pressure ventilation
IPV inactivated poliovirus vaccine
IQ intelligence quotient
ITU: Intensive therapy unit
in vitro: In the laboratory
in vivo: In the body
IPF: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. A type of lung disease.
IU: International units.
IUCD intrauterine contraceptive device
IUD intrauterine device
IV intravenous, intravenously; intraventricular
IVDA intravenous drug abuse(r)
IVF in vitro fertilization IVP intravenous pyelogram
JT: Joint.
K: Potassium. An essential electrolyte frequently monitored regularly in intensive
care.
KCL: Potassium chloride.
KUB kidneys, ureters, bladder
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LCIS: Lobular Carcinoma In Situ. A type of cancer of the breast. The patient is
receiving treatment for Lobular Carcinoma In Situ.
LBP: Low back pain. LBP is one of most common medical complaints.
LD lethal dose
LP lumbar puncture
LSD lysergic acid diethylamide
LLQ: Left lower quadrant. Diverticulitis pain is often in the LLQ of the abdomen.
LUQ: Left upper quadrant. The spleen is located in the LUQ of the abdomen.
Lytes: Electrolytes (potassium, sodium, carbon dioxide, and chloride).
MAP morning after pill
MCL: Medial collateral ligament.
MCH mean corpuscular hemoglobin
MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
MCV mean corpuscular volume
MRA magnetic resonance augiography
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
mg: Milligrams.
M/H: Medical history
ml: Milliliters.
MSG monosodium glutamate
MVP: Mitral valve prolapse.
N/V: Nausea or vomiting.
Na: Sodium. An essential electrolyte frequently monitored regularly in intensive care.
NCP: Nursing care plan
NLM National Library of Medicine
npo: Nothing by mouth. For example, if a patient was about to undergo a surgical
operation requiring general anesthesia, they may be required to avoid food or
beverage prior to the procedure.
NSR: Normal sinus rhythm of the heart
O&P: Ova and parasites. Stool O & P is tested in the laboratory to detect parasitic
infection in persons with chronic diarrhea.
OC oral contraceptive
OCD obsessive compulsive disorder
O.D.: Right eye.
O.S.: Left eye.
O.U.: Both eyes.
ORIF: Open reduction and internal fixation, such as with the orthopedic repair of
a hip fracture.
P: Pulse. Pulse is recorded as part of the physical examination. It is one of the "vital
signs."
p¯: After meals. As in take two tablets after meals.
p.o.: By mouth. From the Latin terminology per os.
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p.r.n.: As needed. So that it is not always done, but done only when the situation calls
for it (or example, taking a pain medication only when having pain and not without
pain).
PCL: Posterior cruciate ligament.
PD: Progressive disease. Patients at risk of developing progressive disease of the
kidneys include those with proteinuria or hematuria.
PDA patent ductus arteriosus;
PERRLA: Pupils equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation.
PCR – Polymerase Chain Reaction
PET positron emission tomography
PFT: Pulmonary function test. A test to evaluate the how well the lungs are
functioning.
PERRLA: Pupils equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation.
PhD Doctor of Philosophy (Philosophiae Doctor)
PhD [L.] Philosophiae Doctor, Doctor of Philosophy
Plt: Platelets, one of the blood forming elements along with the white and red blood
cells.
PMI: Point of maximum impulse of the heart when felt during examination, as in
beats against the chest.
PMS: Premenstrual syndrome
PKU phenylketonuria
PND paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea; postnasal drip
PT: Physical therapy
PTH: Parathyroid hormone
PTSD: Post-traumatic stress syndrome
PUD: Peptic ulcer disease. A type of ulcer of the stomach. Continue Reading
q.d.: Each day. As in taking a medicine daily.
q.d. [L.] quaque die, every day
q.i.d. [L.] quater in die, four times a day
q2h: Every 2 hours. As in taking a medicine every 2 hours.
q3h: Every 3 hours. As in taking a medicine every 3 hours.
qAM: Each morning. As in taking a medicine each morning.
qhs: At each bedtime. As in taking a medicine each bedtime.
qod: Every other day. As in taking a medicine every other day.
qPM: Each evening. As in taking a medicine each evening.
q. s. [L.] quantum satis, as much as is enough; [L.] quantum sufficiat, as much as may
suffice; quantity sufficient
RA: Rheumatoid arthritis. A type of joint disease.
RDA recommended daily allowance
RDS: Respiratory distress syndrome
R/O: Rule out. Doctors frequently will rule out various possible diagnoses when
figuring out the correct diagnosis.
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REB: Rebound, as in rebound tenderness of the abdomen when pushed in and then
released.
REM rapid eye movement (sleep);
RFT right frontotransverse (fetal position)
RMA right mentoanterior (fetal position)
RML right middle lobe RMP right mentoposterior (fetal position)
RMT right mentotransverse (fetal position)
RLQ: Right lower quadrant. The appendix is located in the RLQ of the abdomen.
ROP right occipitoposterior (fetal position)
ROT right occipitotransverse (fetal position)
ROS: Review of systems. An overall review concerns relating to the organ systems,
such as the respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurologic systems.
RUQ: Right upper quadrant. The liver is located in the RUQ of the abdomen.
s/p: Status post. For example, a person who had a knee operation would be s/p a knee
operation.
SAD: Season affective disorder. A type of depression that occurs during the winter
months when there is little light.
SOB: Shortness of breath.
SQ: Subcutaneous. This is a typical notation when noting or ordering an injection
(shot) given into the fatty tissue under the skin, such as with insulin for diabetes
mellitus.
T: Temperature. Temperature is recorded as part of the physical examination. It is one
of the "vital signs."
T&A: Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
t.i.d.: Three times daily. As in taking a medicine three times daily.
tab: Tablet
TAH: Total abdominal hysterectomy
TAH: Total abdominal hysterectomy. A type of surgery to remove a woman’s uterus,
Fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
THR: Total hip replacement
TKR: Total knee replacement
TMJ: Tempomandibular joint
UA or u/a: Urinalysis. A UA is a typical part of a comprehensive physical
examination.
U or u**: Unit. Mistaken as the number 0 or 4, causing a 10-fold overdose or greater
(for example, 4U seen as "40" or 4u seen as "44"); mistaken as "cc" so the dose is
given in volume instead of units (for example, 4u seen as 4cc).
ULN: Upper limits of normal
URI: Upper respiratory infection, such as sinusitis or the common cold
ut dict: As directed. As in taking a medicine according to the instructions that the
health care professional gave in the office or in the past
UTI: Urinary tract infection
VDRL – Veneral Disease Research Laboratory
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AYURVEDA ITIHASA
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o Samhita
o Brahmana
o Upanishat
o Vedanga -6
Upavedas
o Rigveda – Dhanurveda
o Yajurveda – Saapatyaveda
o Saama veda – Gandharvaveda
o Atharva veda – Ayurveda
Kankayana – Balhika bhishak
Paingi – chainaa chikitsa
Hiranyaksha – European clinician
Raavana – nadi vijnana vaidya
Vedavyasa – agni purana, garudapurana
In Vedas roga kaaranas – 3
o Shareera antargata visha
o Krimi
o Tridosha
Rudra is prathama bhishak
Rigveda –
o Mata shabda as oushadhastuti
o Jala is told as amrita
o Tridhatu shabda tols for tridosha
o 2 swaras – Udatta & Anudaatta
o Daivavyapasraya, yuktivyapasraya as Oushadhas
o For Hridroga treatment is Soorya chikitsa
o Prana & Apanavayu mentioned
o Guggulu dhoopana is yakshma nashana
o Pippali for vata roga
Atharvaveda
o Atharvaveda kaala – 15,000 BC
o Shakha – 9, 2 are only available
o Kalpasootra – 5 – Koushika, Vaidhana, nakshatrakalpa, angeera kalpa,
shanty kalpa
o Ayurveda anusara – brhma, gopatha brahmana, upaishat, prashna,
mandooka, maandookya
o Brugu, angeerasa & atharva angeerasa are related to atharvaveda
o Chikitsa prakara – 4
Atharvani – japa mantra tantradi – daivavyapasraya
Angeersa – yukti vyapasraya
Daivee
Maanushi
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Teesataacharya putra
Linganasha shastrakarma sarva prathama varnana
Yukthaseniya adhyaya – Sainiki chikitsa
o Dalhana – Bharatapaala putra
Ashtanga sangraha –
o Bhasha saili – Gadya/padya
o Vagbhata –
Father – Simhagupta
Guru – Avalokita
Janmasthana – Sindhu
o Specialities –
5 kapha division
7 panchamoolas (addition of madhyama & Jeevaneeya )
Bhakshana pachana kaala – 4 yaama
Oushadha paachanakaala – 2 yaama
Rogi pareeksha – 4 – Aptopadesha, pratyaksha, prashna, anumana
Vishachikitsa – damstra chikitsa, mahamayuri varnana
Guhya rogas – 2 chapters
Jwara prakarana – haridraka jwara is mentioned
Bhasmaka roga – sarva prathama varnan
Bhasmaka shabda varna – 1st by Dalhana
Savisha anna pareeksha
Vatsakadi gana first mentioned
Asanadi, [padmakadi names changed
Tantrayukti – 36
Sarvartha sidda anjana
Madya varga – drakshasava 1st mentioned
Shiva gulika for prameha roga chikitsa
Rasayana prayoga – parade abhyanatara prayoga
Vajeekarana yoga for Pada lepa
Ashtanga hridaya (Ayurveda Sara Samucchaya grantha- Syn)
o Vagbhata –
Father Simhagupta
o 19 acharyas mentioned
o Bhasha saili – Gadya
o Specialities
Vipaka lakshana
Dhatu & mala vishista karma
Sweda – 4
Sadya snehana dravya – 7
Nidana syn – nimitta, hetu, ayatana
Samprapti syn – Nivrutti, Nishpatti, Jati, Agati
Madhava Nidana (Rug vinischaya)
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o Specialities
Vatavyadhi vistara varnana – but avarana varnana is not mentioned
Swatantra adhyaya for amla pitta, medoroga, amavata, shoola,
gulma, parinamashoola, annadrava shoola
Stree roga in 6 ch – stana roga, stanya dushti, asrukdhara,
yonivyapat
Vijaya shabda for haritaki
Sharangadhara samhita
o Nadi sarvapratama varnana
o Phupphusa parichaya & Swasana kriya
o Pachana prakriya, mootranirmana prakriya, deepana pachanadi vidhi
o Shukrasthambhana – ahiphena
o Aakarakarabhadi choorna
o Ahiphena sarva prathama prayoga – pureesha-shukra sthambhka,
vatanashaka
o Rakthaja dosha – 10 as rakthaja roga
o 21 krimis – snayuka is extra
o Asava- arishta differentiation
o Ojus as upadhatu
o Pachaka pitta pramana – tila pramana
o Aphsu somala sarva prathama varnana
o Soma roga varnana
o Jayapala as anjana prayoga
o Jarata pittashoola in shodhala & Sharangadhara
Bhava prakasha –
o 4 khandas
1 khanda – mana paribhasha, ayurveda avatarana
2khanda – panchakarma
3 khanda – 71 chapters
4 khanda – rasayana vajeekarana
o Specialities –
Yakrit spashta varnana
Kedara kulya nyaya varnana
Ojus is agnisomeeya & Ashtabindhuvatmaka
Ashta sthana pareeksha
Arthava is raktha upadhatu
Amlapitta, sleshma pitta vyadhi varnana
8 mandalika dravyas
Oudbidha dravya 5 prakaras – vanaspati, vanaspati, vruksha, valli,
oushadha
Swasthya purusha – 14 lakshana
Phiranga roga – Chopachini, Rasakarpoora first mentioned
Ashmantaka – Kanchanara paryaya
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