Childhood Obesity

Name : Raissa Intani Azzahra

NPM : 130110190051
Faculty of Medicine
TPB 133

Obesity is disease caused by increasement in caloric and fat intake and insufficient
physical activity. Childhood obesity rate in Indonesia is somehow worrying. The 2013 Ministry
of Health’s Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) data shows that the prevalence of obesity
problems occurs in children of 5–12 years old was 18.8%, while the prevalence among 13–15
years old was 10.8%. Unfortunately, the 2018 RISKESDAS does not present data on the
obesity status of this age group, but the survey showed an increased rate of obesity for
adolescent of 21.8%, a steep increase from 14.8% in 2013. Melinda et al1 conducted their
survey in one school in Jakarta in 2015 and found the obesity prevalence of 20.6 % among
their study population.(Wangge, 2019)
There are multiple etiologies for childhood obesity. Genetic factors can be one of the
factors. However, the major roles in the rising prevalence of childhood obesity worldwide are
environmental factors and lifestyle preferences. (Dehghan, Akhtar-Danesh, & Merchant, 2005)

Studies have reported that psychological and mood disorders have been linked to weight
problems and obesity in children and adolescents. Depression and anxiety were found to be
associated with an increased BMI among those aged 8-18 years, compared with healthy
children [29]. Another study reported that the risk for major depressive or anxiety disorder
increased four times over 20 years among women who were obese as adolescents. (SE & JL,
2018)

Public health like school must have nurses to advance change by promoting healthy food
choices, encouraging an active and healthy lifestyle, and educating children, families, and
communities as to the benefits of these choices. (St Hilaire, 2015)

Treatment that can be used for children include diet, exercise, and lifestyle changes.
Aadequate nutrition and water must be provided. A protein- sparing modified fast (PSMF)
appears safe for children and is particularly useful for those who have respiratory insufficiency
or sleep apnea.

Surgical procedures should be considered in children only when their obesity is life-
threatening. Treatment options for children include diet, exercise, and behavior modification.
All forms of dietary manipulation have their place. Total starvation can be employed in
children who are put on ventilators because of respiratory insufficiency to help them lose
weight quickly. Adequate vitamins, minerals, and water must be provided. A protein- sparing
modified fast (PSMF) appears safe for children and is particularly useful for those who have
respiratory insufficiency or sleep apnea.

This diet, which is low in calories and carbohydrate-free, results in faster weight loss
because it causes ketosis. (Lanigan, Tee, & Brandreth, 2019).
 REFERENCES

Dehghan, M., Akhtar-Danesh, N., & Merchant, A. T. (2005). Childhood obesity, prevalence
and prevention. Nutrition Journal, 4(Table 1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-4-
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Lanigan, J., Tee, L., & Brandreth, R. (2019). Childhood obesity. Medicine (United Kingdom),
47(3), 190–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2018.12.007
SE, W., & JL, G. (2018). Childhood Overweight and Obesity: Affecting Factors, Education
and Intervention. Journal of Childhood Obesity, 03(02), 1–7.
https://doi.org/10.21767/2572-5394.100049
St Hilaire, C. (2015). Childhood Obesity in School-aged Children: A Public Health Crisis.
Wangge, G. (2019). Obesity in school-age children. 101–102.