OPT696C

Final report

4D Technology
Dae Wook Kim

I. General Information
4D Technology Corporation was founded in January of 2002 by Dr. James C. Wyant and
Dr. John B. Hayes (founders of Wyko Corporation), and Dr. James Millerd and Mr. Neal
Brock (founders of 4D Vision Technology), for the purpose of developing and
manufacturing optical metrology products for the aerospace, data storage, optical
fabrication, semiconductor, flat panel display, and medical markets. The founders
endeavored to transform optical testing by simplifying measurements and enabling
interferometric measurements in environments that were previously impossible.

4D has developed and commercialized some of the most innovative technologies and
products of the last decade. Yet their real strength is in the people behind those products.
4D researchers and engineers hold dozens of patents and awards and have been responsible
for hundreds of widely-circulated publications.

4D has since built a world class staff experienced in laser interferometry, optical
instrumentation, manufacturing, software development, quality systems, and customer
support. The world's leading aerospace and optical manufacturers now trust their most
challenging optical metrology requirements to 4D Technology.
The growing list includes: Ball Aerospace, Boeing, ITT Industries, NASA, Raytheon,
Northrop Grumman, Sandia National Laboratory, University of Arizona Mirror Lab, Nikon,
Tinsley, Lockheed Martin, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Steward Observatory,
Corning, Alcatel, NIST, Agilent, Oceanit, and many more.

II. Chairman: James C. Wyant

With over 100 publications, Professor James C. Wyant is an acknowledged expert in the
fields of interference, diffraction, and optical testing. He is a pioneer in the fields of phase
shifting interferometry, multiple wavelength interferometry, vertical scanning
interferometry and holography and holds numerous patents.As a founder of WYKO
Corporation, he served as its Chairman and President from 1984 to 1997. A fellow of both
SPIE and OSA, and the 1986 President of SPIE, Dr Wyant has been the recipient of
numerous awards including the SPIE Governor's award, the R&D 100 award, the OSA
Joseph Fraunhoffer award, and the SPIE Gold Medal award. Dr. Wyant currently serves as
the Dean of the College of Optical Sciences at the University of Arizona and sits on
numerous corporate boards.
III. Dynamic Interferometry
4D Technology is the leading manufacturer of Dynamic Interferometry products,
providing accurate measurement of optical grade surfaces, even in the presence of vibration
and air turbulence.
4D Technology optical interferometers use proprietary, high speed, high resolution
wavefront sensors to measure the shape of optical surfaces with extreme accuracy.

In a standard, phase-shifting interferometer, multiple frames of data are acquired over

many milliseconds—enough time for vibration and turbulence to significantly degrade the
measurement results. In 4D systems, all phase data is acquired simultaneously, in as little as
thirty microseconds. This feature enables 4D interferometers to measure anything
characterized by conventional interferometers, but in the noisiest environments, without
isolation or air turbulence abatement.

Fig-3.1 4D's patented wavefront sensors enable vibration insensitive Dynamic

Interferometry.

Dynamic interferometry enables complex tests between multiple unisolated tables,

measurements in environmental chambers, and long stand-off distances. Odd shapes, pupil
obscurations, poor signal contrast, moving parts, air turbulence and mechanical vibration
are no problem. Special wavefront sensors have also been developed for wavelength
insensitivity, higher spatial resolution, and applications with tight space restrictions

IV. Data processing software: 4Sight

4Sight is the industry's premiere wavefront analysis software, providing hundreds of tools
to analyze, transform, visualize and present important data. 4Sight's Measurement Console
provides a straightforward interface for acquiring data from your interferometer. Masking,
filtering, and transformation tools turn raw data into meaningful information to guide your
manufacturing process or research. 2D and 3D displays give you unprecedented insight into
the shape, quality, and even motion of your samples.

Fig-4.1 Screen captures of the 4Sight

4Sight software sets the standard for easy and accurate data analysis. 4Sight is designed
with features that make life easy: open data file format, extensive 2D and 3D displays,
filtering, data masking, fiducial alignment, diffraction analysis and much more. With
simple data exchange capability you can read and analyze data from almost any analysis
package. You can even make and analyze movies of samples as they change or move.
4Sight functions with virtually all phase shifting interferometers, as a stand alone
workstation, and, of course, as the heart of 4D dynamic interferometers. It gives you
incredible analysis power, and a short learning curve.

Fig-4.2 Typical surface measurement screen using 4Sight

Also, 4Sight makes it easy to share data between applications. Exchange data with
MatLab™, IDL™, MetroPro™, Opticode™, Vision®, Code V®, MicroSoft Excel®, MS
Word®, MS Powerpoint®, PhotoShop®, and many others. 4Sight data files are saved using
the HDF5 (or HDF4) data format, an open file format developed by the National Center for
Supercomputing Applications). That means that you have open access to data for your own
custom applications. From within 4Sight, it's easy to copy any numerical or graphical
output and paste it into almost any Windows® application.

Whether serving as a stand-alone analysis system, supporting a 4D dynamic

interferometer, or upgrading the capabilities of your traditional phase-shifting
interferometer, 4Sight helps you make the most of your measurement data.

V. Applications
4D dynamic interferometers thrive in environments that most interferometers simply
cannot tolerate. Unlike traditional, phase-shifting interferometers, 4D systems acquire
phase data instantaneously, so they can excel despite vibration, noise or air turbulence. 4D
dynamic interferometers are equally at home in laboratories, manufacturing areas, clean
rooms, environmental chambers, and other difficult environments.
4D laser interferometers are used daily throughout the world in critical applications, from
unique space-based projects to high throughput production. For optical testing, astronomy,
satellite optics, directed energy and data storage, 4D is changing how and where
interferometers are used. They said the 4D is actually used to test the key optical elements
for the JWST, which is the next generation space telescope after the Hubble Space
Telescope.

Fig-5.1 The proof-of-concept beryllium mirrors for JWST were tested using the 4D
Technology PhaseCam. (Photo courtesy Tinsley Laboratories, Inc.)
 The James Webb Space Telescope is the largest and most complex space research project
of our generation. JWST will provide insights into the nature and origin of our universe-but
only if it reaches space, and functions as planned. Operating well beyond earth's orbit, there
will be no second chances for repair or correction.
To ensure final performance, project contractors count on 4D Technology systems for
mission-critical measurements throughout the JWST project. 4D systems verify the shape
change of JWST's mirror support structures; the shape, quality and alignment of its main
mirror segments; the shape and quality of its secondary mirror under cryogenic conditions;
and the performance of its instrumentation packages and cameras.

VI. Conclusion
Testing large optical components or complex optical systems is difficult with traditional
phase measuring interferometers, due to vibration, air turbulence, and large standoff
distances.
4D Technology’s interferometers make it easy to measure components that are mounted
on separate, widely spaced, un-isolated optical tables, even in the presence of significant air
turbulence. Remote operation, robust design quality and outstanding analysis software
(4Sight) are built into every 4D system.
It's no wonder 4D’s interferometers are used daily by some of the world's most prestigious
manufacturers of large space-based and terrestrial optics.

P.S. This summary is based on the 4D official web-site: www.4dtechnology.com