2nd International Conference on Machinery, Materials Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology (MMECEB 2015)

Simulation and Test Analysis on Mechanical Property of GCG-I Platform

Wagon Coil Steel Pallet
DunhuaLiu1, a,MeiHan1,b and NengpuYang1,c
1
School of Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing100044, China;
a
star_ldh@163.com, bmhan@bjtu.edu.cn, cyangnengpu@163.com

Keywords:Coil steel pallet, Mechanical property, FEA; Shock.

Abstract. This paper focus on simulation on mechanical property of platform wagon GCG-I coil
steel pallet by using computer simulation technology and compare calculated value with the result in
actual situation. The dimension model is built by SolidWorks. The value of various parameters is
determined by the force analysis according to the relevant standard in working condition of shock. Do
finite element analysis by hypermesh and do finite element simulation on mechanical property by
Ansys. By comparing the calculated value with the result in the actual situation, we can conclude that
this coil steel pallet is unqualified and prove the reliability of simulation and that the computer aid
analysis can be used in the coil steel pallet detection in order to decrease the cost and increase the
accuracy.

Introduction
Railway cargo transportation loading and reinforcement is closely linked to transportation safety
and high efficient and economic transport task. Reinforcement affects not only the transportation
safety of the goods itself but also the operation safety of the train. With the increase of coil steel
volume and the improvement of freight train driving speed, the loading and reinforcement of coil
steel is always the focus of the railway goods transportation research considering the particularity of
appearance. Currently coil steel pallet is mostly used, its convenience, recycling use and protection to
coil steel makes it welcomed.
Every new coil steel pallet need to detect after designing, including strength testing. In this
strength testing, only measuring points can be tested, so selecting suitable points is critical to
accuracy of test.
Taking GCG-I coil steel pallet as an example, this paper use professional software to conduct joint
simulation analysis. Comparing former testing, three professional software are used in order to
improve accuracy. The finite element analysis which can provide reference in the real testing
measurement is useful and significant.

Testing Process
During operational process, shunting impact is considered as the most unfavorable condition and
also determined as test condition of strength test. Process is considered safe as long as the impact
process is safe.
According to the regulation of strength test, the process include measuring point arrangement,
strain gauge paste, measurement circuit connection, debugging the tester, data collection and data
processing. Actual testing scheme is in Figure 1. The No.1 coil steel pallet is balance weight and the
No.2 coil steel pallet is test object.

© 2016. The authors - Published by Atlantis Press 290

 iimpact

1 2 3

Figure 1A
Actual testin
ng scheme

Force anaalysis
The forrce situationn of coil stteel pallet iin impact condition
c is complex, in order to o simplifiedd
calculationn, ignore winnd power an nd lateral foorce of fricttion and so ono which haave little inffluence.
Assump ption 1.the weight
w of th
he pallet, thee horizontall inertia forcce and the brraced forceo
of the pallett
is calculateed. The forcce analysis as
a the Fig.2 .1 shows th he force of th he pallet.

impact impact

Figuure 2.1Actual testing scchemeFigurre 2.2Actuall testing schheme

、 — ——force of o bracing,k kN;
G——w weight of thee coil steel,k kN;
α——angle of the bracing, 45° in the deesign param meter;
T——vvertical inerrtial force, k kN;
cos sin Qgg（1）
cos sin Q （2）
The accceleration of the rolled-steel was ccalculated as a the rule in n the <Rulees of Railway Loadingg
Security> iin the impacct condition n which beloongs to the flexible staabilization, tthe calculattion form ass
follows:
0.0
0012 总 0.32 总 29.85（3） ）
In orderr to simulateethe most un nfavourablee condition, set 卷钢 to o 30t, 座架 tto 1.3t, and 车 to 1.3t,,
then t0 =111.41kN/t. Thhus is fo ound as neggative after calculation n. So the coiil steel is fiixed by onee
sidebracedd force.
Assump ption 2.the weight of th he pallet anddthe horizon ntal inertia force
f and thhe one side braced
b forcee
of the palleet is calculaated.It’s cleaarly to calcuulate that th
he force is unnbalanced.
Assump ption 3.the weight of the t pallet,thhe horizontaal inertia fo orce, the onee side braceed forceandd
friction forrce of the paallet is calcu
ulated.The fforce analyssis as the Fig g.2.2 showss the force of
o the pallet..
sin Qg（4 4）
cos sin Q （5
5） 

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 Accordiing to formuula, 44
49.9kN， 34.2kN. The load is set as forcce analysis above
a in thee
software A
Ansys.

Displacem
ment analyssis
Accordiing to the former
f expeerience of sshunting im
mpact test, coil
c steel annd pallet is difficult too
overturn. TThe lengthwwaysdisplaccement and horizontal displacement are restri ricted by spike and thee
vertical dissplacement is restricted
d by wood flloor. So in software Ansys, the chaassis of palleet is fixed too
wood floorr.

Coil Steel Pallet Mod

deling
GCG-I coil steel pallet consisst of fixed m mounting baase, classis channel steeel, reinforccing rib andd
join channeel steel. In the process of
o transporttation, two fixed
f mounting base beaar strength collectively
c y
and coil steeel don’t touugh classis.
Accordiing to the iddeas of the finite elemeent, do messh generatio on first. Connsidering th
his coil steell
pallet is beelong to shhell structurre, this papeer use neuttral plane model
m and sshell elemennt to mesh..
Neutral pllane model has advan ntage of higgh calculatte speed an nd low requuirement of computerr
hardware, especially for f shell strructure. Aft
fter a series of depose, the model is meshed into 620244
elements.TThe stress neephogram getting
g from
m Ansys is liike Figure 3.
3

Figure 3 stress nep

phogram

Comparison analysiss
Accordiing to the results of sim
mulation annd experien
nce in every
yday work, tthe measuriing point iss
determinedd as shown in Figure 4..

292
 Figure 4 the measuriing points
Consideering the computing
c method
m of inertia forrce, in ordeer to reducce the erro or, comparee
experimenttal data of 6km/h
6 to sim
mulation daata, as follow
ws.
Tab.1 commparison of measured
m annd calculateed values off each meassuring pointt
NO. Meassured Calulated（ Mpa） Abs.differenc
A ce Notes
（Mp pa） （Mpa）
1 18.6 23.9 5.3 sym
mmetric with No.5
N
2 2.7 19.9 17.2 sym
mmetric with No.6
N
3 -211.0 -19.99 1.1
4 -255.4 -23.77 1.7
5 377.8 21.5 -16.3 sym
mmetric with No.1
N
6 177.7 17.9 0.2 sym
mmetric with No.2
N
7 -766.1 -21.99 54.2 sym
mmetric with No.9
N
8 -244.7 -20.44 4.3 symm
metric with No.10
N
9 -244.9 -24.66 0.3 sym
mmetric with No.7
N
10 -255.8 -25.33 0.5 sym
mmetric with No.8
N
11 -222.9 -28.66 -5.7
12 -133.0 -22.1 -9.1
13 -7.8 -10.88 -3
14 499.9 40.2 -9.7 symm
metric with No.17
N
15 377.7 40.1 2.4 symm
metric with No.18
N
16 1933.6 190.44 -3.2 symm
metric with No.19
N
17 68.3 44.6 -23.7 symm
metric with No.14
N
18 55.3 43.6 -11.7 symm
metric with No.15
N
19 2177.3 205.44 -11.9 symm
metric with No.16
N
20 68.2 25.8 -42.4

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 250

200

stress（MPa） 150

100

50

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1 12 13 14 15 16 17 118 19 20
‐50

‐100
No.

Meeasured Callulated

Fiig 5. measurred and calcculated valu ues

Some coonclusion iss got throug gh the analyysis of the taable and figu
ure:
A. Accoording to coomparison, most
m measuured and callculated valu ues is similaar to each other
o expectt
No.2, No.55 No.7 andd No.20. Bu ut the calcuulated valuee of No.2, No.5
N and NNo.7 is simiilar to theirr
symmetry points’. Thee calculated d results aree relatively accurate.
a
B. The ppallet is symmmetrical structure, whhen applyin ng load symmmetrically, the calculated value iss
almost symmmetrical. And
A it's all because
b thee arithmetic of automessh that the m mesh is not completelyy
same in sym mmetrical position.
p
C. The vvalue of sevveral symmeetrical pointts is much different,
d such as No.7 aand No.9, thhe gap is upp
to 51.2 MPPa. The reasson is perhap ps bulk movvement of pallet,
p coil lo
oading not ccentered, asymmetricall
position off strain gagees and manuufacturing inncident.
D. In thhe actual teest, maximum workinng stress ap ppears in No.19,
N the vvalue is 217.4MPa. inn
simulation, the maxim mum stress also
a appearss in the sam me position, the
t value iss 205.4MPa. The gap iss
only 11.9MMPa.
In conclusion, finitte element modelaccorrd with the actual test.. It’s confirrmed that th he model iss
reasonablee and the callculation is accurate.

Influence factor
From thhe results beelow, the deeviation is ddue to the foollow five faactors:
A. Diffeerence betw ween and mo odel and reaality: The reeal mount is a little diffferent fromm the designn
paper. Because of worrkmanship, these
t steel sstructure is not
n complettely smoothh. And In thee simulationn
modeling, simplify thee model and d ignore som me portion that
t cannot be disposedd.
B. Diffeerence of coonstraint: When
W considdering consstraint, the strength
s andd bond stress of spike..
Assume thhat spike cann completely y restrain cooil steel palllet.
C.coil looading not centered: Inn the real teest, loading and unload ding coil steeel is operatted by man..
Observer iss also judgeed eye wheth her the coil mediate or not. off-cen ntralizing w
will cause different loadd
of symmettry points, thhen stress will
w be differrent.
D. Diffeerent enviroonment of simulation aand test: Wh hen testing, many factoors influence measuredd
values, inccluding unevven floorboard, the weaather, stamp p the testing
g wire, palleet striked an
nd extrudedd
by coil steeel and so onn.
E. Diffeerence betwween position of strainm meter and siimulation: Reading-off
R f position in
n simulationn
model is ddifferent froom the real position off strainmeteer, which will w cause thhe difference betweenn
measured aand calculatted.

294
Summary
This paper set up entity model of coil steel pallet by Solidworks, do mesh generation by
hypermesh and calculate by Ansys, based on finite element simulation. By comparing the measured
value and calculated value, it’s concluded that stress distribution of calculation and real test.As a
whole, the model is reasonable that confirmed the accuracy of simulation calculation. At last, this
paper analyses the five factors that contribute to the gap.

References
[1] Junping Gao. Study on Simulation Analysis and Test of Strength of Rolled-steel Pallet
Transportation by Railway [D]. Beijing Jiaotong University, 2012.
[2] People's Republic of China Railway Industry Standard. TB/T 2369-2010, Impact test method and
specification of rolling stock [S]. China Railway Press, China 2010.
[3] Ministry of China Railways: Rules of Railway Loading Security [S], China Railway Press, China
2006.
[4] Fang Zhe.Han Mei.Li Yuyi.Study on Finite Element Analysis of the Rolled-Steel Pallet Based on
Ansys[C].Yoshinori Hayafuji.Xibing Li.Engineering Research and Designing for
Industry.Qiqihar.2013. Switzerland.Trans Tech Publications Ltd.2013.66~72.
[5] Jinsong Li. The thoughts of using the roll-steel pallet in railway roll-steel transportation
[J].Railway Transportation, 2012(4):34-38.

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