7

Drilling machine which can be used based on drilling holes in various location and movement and

easily operation done with high accuracy. Productivity can be improved by reducing total machining

time and reduced human effort and reduced manufacturing cycle time. In this present age the application

of machining operations continues to grow. These operations are required to fabricate the products

required for sectors like automobile industries or any production industries etc. Drilling process is one of

the machining processes which is used to drill holes not only in products but also in relatively larger

work pieces which require small features which can be accomplished only by drilling process.

We had chosen the user defined project (UDP) for our final year project. We are decided our

topic to develop the operational portable drilling machine. This will make use of mechanical linkage for

movement of drilling head for its operation. We will trying to develop the portable machine which will

easily handle and cover a maximum working area from one station and make it more flexible to working

easily.

1.1 General Aspects of Drilling Machine:

Drilling is the operation of producing circular hole in the work-piece by using a rotating cutter called

DRILL. The machine used for drilling is called drilling machine. The drilling operation can also be

accomplished in lathe, in which the drill is held in tailstock and the work is held by the chuck. The most

common drill used is the twist drill.

It is the simplest and accurate machine used in production shop. The work piece is held

stationary i.e. Clamped in position and the drill rotates to make a hole.

Drilling machine is kind of machine rotating cutting tool which direction the drill feeds only on the

machine axis(workmanship perforation). Drilling is operating while producing round holes in the piece

work by using a rotating cutter called DRILL.

Drills are commonly used in woodworking, metalworking, construction and do-it-yourself

8
projects. Drills are available with a wide variety of performance characteristics, such as power and

capacity.

Drill machines have been the heart of every industry. Drilling holes in parts, sheets and

structures is a regular industrial work. Perfect and well aligned drilling needs fixed and strong drills.

Some parts cannot be drilled using fixed drills due to low space between drill bit and drill bed. We need

to use hand drills in such cases but hand drills have alignment problems while drilling. So here we

propose a 360 degree flexible drill that can be mounted on a table or wall and can be used to drill holes

horizontally, vertically or even upside down. So this makes it possible for easy drilling in even

complicated parts and surfaces. Thus we use rotating hinges and connecting arm or links with hand

drilling machine mount and supporting structure to design and fabricate a mini 360 degree drill for easy

drilling operations.

9
10
Machining operations play an important role in precision production industries. Out of the various
machining processes, drilling is used to produce holes in fuel injectors, printed circuit board,
aerospace materials etc. So in order to achieve the optimum working conditions various research were
conducted by different researchers from across the globe. This report reviews some of the journal
published by them regarding optimization processes.

G.Prasanth Kumar, P.Guna Sekhar, P.Nadeem Khan, P.Rajesh, B.V.Krishnaiah all have design 360
degree flexible drilling machine. They design this machine for drilling soft material like plastics, wood
etc. The work piece is fixed on the work table. As the machine tool exert Vertical pressure to original a
hole it loosely called a drill press. This Drilling is performed for Different Position Drilling in the
working job. Up/Down and rotating mechanism is available in this Drilling Machine. One end of the
arm is attached to a firm base while the other has a tool. These arms are made up of Aluminum.
Mechanical linkages are usually designed to transform a given input force and movement into a desired
output force and movement.

Lookesh Kumar Sahu, Pranesh Mohan Mishra, Deepak Kumar Singh, Vijay Kumar Yadu, Sandeep
Kumar Kansari design kind of project using galvanized iron sheet of thickness approximately 0.5mm.
They used eight flat metal strip.

11
12
3.1.COMPONENT OF DRILLING MACHINE

A. Equipments used for the machine as shown:

a) Base made of wood

b) Connecting links

c) Nut and Bolts

d) Hand drilling machine

e) Drill bit

f) Copper wire

g) Switch board

1) Base:

The base acts a support for the whole machine. It’s made of ply wood. The base of the drilling machine
supports the entire machine and when bolted to the floor, provides for vibration-free operation and best
machining accuracy.

2) Connecting Rod/Arm:
It connects the two Frames to each other for supports between them to help to move when we
required. It consist of metal strips of two sizes one of 35cm and another is of 63cm Inclined arms
are of two pieces of equal length. A hinge is a mechanical bearing that connects two solid
objects, typically allowing angle of rotation between them. Two objects connected by an ideal

13
 hinge rotate relative to each other about a fixed axis of rotation: all other translations or rotations
being prevented, and thus a hinge has one degree of freedom. Connecting arms are made of mold
steel.
The inclined arm holds the movable arm and it is with the help of this arm the 360° of rotation is
transferred from the base to the drill head in order to move the drill head at angles. They are made up of
mild steel.

3)Nut and Bolt:

A nut and bolt joint is a one-degree-of-freedom kinematic pair used in mechanisms. This type of joint is
used primarily on most types of linear actuators and certain types of cartesian robots. Specification of
nut and bolt is M10.

14
6) Drill Bit
In which drill bit are used of twisted type drill. It is of material Carbon Steel. Its diameter is of 2mm.
This is used to make drill on wood, plastic and light metals. Drill bits are cutting tools used to remove
material to create holes, almost always of circular cross-section. Drill bits come in many sizes and
shapes and can create different kinds of holes in many different materials. In order to create holes drill
bits are usually attached to a drill, which powers them to cut through the work piece, typically by
rotation. The drill will grasp the upper end of a bit called the shank in the chuck. Drill bits come in
standard sizes, described in the drill bit sizes article. A comprehensive drill bit and tap size chart lists
metric and imperial sized drill bits alongside the required screw tap sizes. There are also certain
specialized drill bits that can create holes with a non-circular cross-section. Most drill bits for consumer
use have straight shanks. For heavy duty drilling in industry, bits with tapered shanks are sometimes
used. Other types of shank used include hex-shaped, and various proprietary quick release systems. The
diameter-to-length ratio of the drill bit is usually between 1:1 and 1:10.

3) Motor /Hand drill-

It is an electrical device which converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. It rotates shaft which
support by bush in it when power is supply through rectifier. This shaft connect with drill bit through
chuck to rotate drill bit and make hole on work piece when it is required. Is of high torque capable
which required for drilling. An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy. The reverse of this is the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy and
is done by an electric generator, which has much in common with a motor. Most electric motors operate
through the interaction between an electric motor's magnetic field and winding currents to generate
force. In certain applications, such as in regenerative braking with traction motors in the transportation
industry, electric motors can also be used in reverse as generators to convert mechanical energy into
electric power.

15
SPECIFICATION
A. Specification of hand drill: Motor Speed – Max 4000 rpm Voltage – 220 Volt Supply – A.C.
Power – 330 watt Frequency – 50 Hz Controller – Hand

16
3.2.MOVEMENTS IN FLEXIBLE DRILLING MACHINE:

This drilling machine possesses a inclined arm whose inclination is fixed at a particular angle
with base and these can rotate at 180 degree rotation .This inclined arm consist of two arm connected
parallel.

The the radial arm which moves up and down manually the drilling head here this is called
drilling head which holds the drill spindle here in which the drill is mounted and is subjected to rotation.
The entire head is mounted on the radial arm and this can move upward and downward from the drill
axis. Not only that, as this along with this radial arm the drilling head moves upward and downward to
have large gap between the to drill and job or there is a stoke length. Not only that further this radial arm
can be rotated about the inclined arm, say about 180 degree.

The main movements in the machine are:

a. 360 degrees rotation of arm joint.

b. Up & down movement of the arm.

Steps of working:
In which all the component is mounted on table. 1.This support the arm to rotate freely. 2) Arm rotates
manually when where it is required. 3) Handdrill are mounted on Arm which moves where work piece
is to drill. 4) Put drill bit point on work piece area where drill is required. 5) Switch on the main supply
which of A.C. 6) This rotates motor and also bit rotates. 7) After make hole where on work piece is
required. 8) Then switch off the main supply.

17
18
4.1.Procedure:
Step 1: Part collection

After some survey from market finally we bought plywood, metal strip of mild steel, nut and bolt and
hand drill machine.
Step 2: Base Measurement

 From a large size ply wood, we cut required size plywood.

 Cutting a metal sheet of approximately 35cm x 40cm.Fixed this sheet with plywood centrally by
bolt and nut.
 One frame is attached centrally to ply wood by bolt and mechanical bearing action occurs at the
joint which helps to make 360 degree rotation to the frame.

Step 3: Design arms or linkages:

 We made arms or linkages having material of mild steel .

 We cut required size arm of 35cm two pieces.

 They attached to frame by nut and bolt making a fixed angle.

 Another two frame joint at the end of inclined arm.

19
  Four links of similar kind of length 63cm jointed by nuts and bolts at frame.

Step 4: Attachment of Hand drill:

 one c-shaped clamp attached at the end of radial arm which can be easily assemble so that we
can attached a hand drill.

4.2.MACHINING & DESIGN PARAMETERS

A. Cutting Speed (V) – V = πDN Where, D = diameter of drill in mm = 2mm N = speed of rotation in
mm = 1750 rpm V = 183.259 mm/sec B. Feed Rate (f) – 40 mm/min C. Depth of Cut (d) – d = D/2 d
= 1 mm D. Material Removal Rate – MRR = (πD2/4)f N
MRR = 219911.485 mm3/min E. Machining Time – t = L/f Where, L = length of the hole to be drilled
= 10cm f = feed of the drill = 40 mm/min t = 0.25 min F. Torque – P = 15 watts , N = 1750 rpm P =
2πNT/60 T = P x 60/2πN T = 15 x 60/2π x 1750 T = 81.8511 N-mm

This project is an efficient operation and competitive cost. Since a number of operation and hole can be
performed in a simple unit. It is efficient and economical. Considering its uses and cost of project, it
becomes relatively cheap when compared to other units. A. Advantage 1) efficient drilling 2) 360
degree rotation 3) flexible 4) easy to use 5) low cost 6) reduce handling cost 7) reduce time 8) reduce
overall manufacturing cost 9) INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY B. Application 1) To put holes with high
precision on engine heads, blocks and cylindrical shell.

20
21
5.1.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:

I. Due to the various problems faced by conventional operation processes such as Poor thread
finish, more time consumption, frequent tool breakage and many more. So, we have decided to
design the machine which will make easy drilling operation.
II. The weight of the machine is little more.
III. Our another drawback is we used heavy weight link.
IV. Length of the inclined link is less so less workspace.

5.2.FUTURE SCOPE
I. We can use servo motor in our machine to provide the automation by giving auto feed.
II. We can use radial arm as telescoping arm to increase the working envelope of the machine to
reach in any direction easily.
III. We can use hydraulic system or hydraulic lubrication to operate the machine in smooth manner
without including the less fatigue of man power.

22
 REFFERENCES
[1] Mr. Jay M. Patel , Mr. Akhil P. Nair , Prof. Hiral U.Chauhan , 3-Directional Flexible Drilling Machine,
International Journal for Scientific Research & Development , Vol. 3, January 2015 , Pages 1262 – 1264
[2] Praveenkumar, B. S., Niranjan Hugar, Ajithkumar, A. , DESIGN OF ROD GROOVING MULTISPINDLE DRILLING
UNIT, Asian Journal of Science and Technology , Vol.07, March,2016 , Pages 2600-2605
[3] Design of 360 Degree Flexible Drilling Machine by U. Hema Nikhitha
[4] Prof. P.R. Sawant, Mr. R. A.Barawade , DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SPM-A CASE STUDY IN MULTI
DRILLING AND TAPPING MACHINE, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies, Vol. 1,
January-March, 2012 , Pages 55-57
[5] Mr. Sakate P.R. , Mr. Jadhav A.S. , Prof. Bamankar P.B. , Miss. Jagadale A.A. , Miss. Bhosale P.S. , A Review on
Multi Spindle Drilling Special Purpose Machine with Respect to Productivity , International Journal for Scientific
Research & Development , Vol. 3, 2015 , Pages 560 – 562
[6] Design & Fabrication of 360° Flexible Drilling Machine by G.Prasanth Kumar [1], P.Guna Sekhar [2],
P.Nadeem Khan [3] P.Rajesh [4], B.V.Krishnaiah[5]

[7] A Review on 360 Degree Flexible Rotating Drilling Machine by Kamli Harsh(1), Parth Mistry(2), Patel
Akashr(3), Patel Ankit(4), Patel Hemik(5), Priyang A. Mistry(6)

23