Gender equality

Gender equality: one of the fundamental values of the eu

 Gender equality and women’s empowerment must be promoted both inside and outside the eu
 Our objectives are clear and through our work to realize them, we contribute to the successful
implementation of the sdg and the women, peace, and security agenda

Sex and gender

Sex= male and female

Gender = masculine and feminine

Sex refers to biological differences: chromosomes, hormonal profiles, internal and external sex organs.

“gender” refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that given society
considers appropriate for men and women -> gender ideology

“man” = male sex + masculine social role -> (a real man, masculine or manly)

“woman” = female sex + feminine social role -> (a real woman, feminine or womanly)

European union principles

 Article 49 in the treaty of the European union

 In order to be able to join EU, the applicant country has to obey the principles of article 6 (1)
which outlines the foundation of the EU
 Freedom, democracy, respect of human rights and fundamental freedoms as well as the rule
of law

Treaty of Rome, 1957

 Gender equality in form of the right of equal pay for equal work can be found in article 119
in the treaty of Rome in 1957
 “each member state shall during the first stage ensure and subsequently maintain the
application of the principle that men and women should receive equal pay for equal work”

Nice treaty

 Article 23 states: “equality between men and women must be ensured in all areas, including
employment, work and pay “
 The principle of equality shall not prevent the maintenance or adoption of measures providing
for specific advantages in favor of the under-represented sex
US-EU relation during the cold war

 During the cold war (1945 – 1989) US and EU have a common purpose and show great unity
because they have the same enemy, the Soviet Union
 But after the collapse of the Berlin wall US-EU relations began to-loss the common purpose. The
Soviet Union broken into pieces and was replaced by Russian federation, members of Warsaw
pact declared their independence. Russia was not as dangerous as Soviet Union in the early Post
cold war period
 The Iraq war: decision to invade Iraq by president bush during his war against terrorism was not
supported by france and Germany. Both countries maintained their argument that this war was
driven by US unilateral foreign policy and not a multilateral foreign policy for there was no
approval from the united nations to invade Iraq. There was not really any real evidence that
sadam Hussein has the weapons of mass destruction

The most powerful members

 Economically Germany is the most powerful members followed by the united kingdoms and
france
 Militarily france is most powerful followed by france,(Italy),Germany
 The largest receivers of Chinese FDI until 2017 : the UK (EUR 4,2 Billion), Germany (EUR 2,1
billlion), France (1,6 billion). Since 2018 chinese FDI spread to Sweden and Luxembourg

US-EU trade relations in 2018

 Despite growing different perceptions on world affairs both have good economic relations
especially on trade sectors
 The trade balance has been very good but vastly in favor of the EU. In fact, the US is the main
partner for european export, while it is the EU’s second largest partner for imports
 Over the last decade, the EU’s trade surplus with the US has doubled from €65.1 billion in 2008
to €139.1 billion last year (2018)

Obama and EU

 Obama strengthened the gab of US-EU relations when he declared pivot to asia policy (P2A) in
Australian parliament in 2011. An effort to leave troubled area (middle east) nd focused more
on Asian growing economy. Obama’s step to gain more economic benefits from the rising china
disappointed EU
 Another case that deepened the gab was the tapping of angela merkel’s cellular phone by NSA.
Edward Snowden said in the 2013 widespread US foreign surveillance including merkel’s
conversation with other world leaders. This case certaintly strained Germany-US relations

The Ukraine crisis

 The U.S heavily involved in Ukraine revolution to support the pro-western politician (petro
poroschenko) which finally forced viktor yanukovich, pro-russia politician to exile in Russia
 Russia aggressively responded the U.S entry to Ukraine crisis by invading Crimea, an
autonomous area in south Ukraine
 The U.S applied economic sanctions to Russia to force it out of crimea
  Unfortunately, the U.S failed to join the minks agreement following the invasion. Only Germany,
france, Ukraine and Russia. It was said that the US avoided direct confrontation with Russia

US-EU relations during trump era

 Trump’s America first foreign policy determined US relations with EU

 Trump’s first state visit was not Europe but Saudi arabia seems that he followed his business
instinct more than political one
 When he finally visited Europe for the first time no leader of european countries met him at the
airport. And trump, rather than assured his commitment to provide security, he talked about
NATO members that failed to meet the 2% contribution for NATO
 Basically trump failed to assure EU security and no economic commitment for the declining EU
economy  no effort to help EU at all

EU-russia

Peristiwa yang mempengaruhi politik luar negeri rusia

1. Federasi Russia –CIS

2. Federasi Russia – ukraina & Georgia
3. Federasi Russia – asia tengah
4. Federasi Russia –asean
5. Federasi Russia –amerika serikat
6. Federasi Russia –eropa dan uni eropa

Pokok bahasan

1. Uni eropa : nilai-nilai, keanggotaan, perluasan keanggotaan, kejenuhan perluasan (enlargement

fatigue)
2. Federasi Russia : dinamika post-soviet (sejak 1985 hingga 1991)
3. Hubungan uni eropa – federasi Russia pada awal masa post soviet (Mikhail sergevich gorbachev)
4. Hubungan uni eropa – federasi Russia pada masa boris Nikolayevich yeltsin sebgai presiden
federasi rusia 1

Copenhagen criteria

-political criteria

The applicans country must have achieved stability of its institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule
of its law, human rights and respect for and protections= of minorities

-economic criteria

It must have a functioning market economy, as well as the capacity to cope with competitive pressure
and market forces within the EU

-criteria of the adoption of the acquis communitaire

It must have the ability to take on the obligantions related to of membership, including adhering to the
aims of political economics and monetary unions
1. Please elaborate how functionalist theory explain the european integration
2. Please clarify what is “the common foreign and security policy (CSFP)
3. Did the end of cold war signal a decisive shift in U.S european relations? If so, why?
4. The migration crisis, has exposed shortcomings in europe’s asylum system. Please analyses how
the eu respond to the crisis!

Kisi

The eu foreign policy (cfsp)

Why and how eu enlarging? (deepening and widening), enlargement process

Economic integration

Gender mainstreaming EU (promoting gender equality in eu)

Current issues in EU