Mang Hangzhou October 2010

Problems and Solutions
of Biogas Plant
Engineering and
Construction in China
Heinz-Peter Mang & Prof. Dr.-Ing. Li Zifu
Centre for Sustainable Environmental Sanitation at the

University of Science and Technology Beijing
(www.susanchina.cn)/
Centre of International Migration and Development-GTZ
(www.cimonline.de)/
German Society for Sustainable Biogas and Bioenergy Utilisation
(www.gerbio.org)
4th China (Hangzhou) International Clean Energy & Environment

Protection Industry Fair 2010
15-10-2010
Contents
1. CDM-Biogas-Networking in China
2. Biogas in China – where we are?
3. Biogas plant performance in China
4. Quality standard control system
5. Improve China’s biogas plant quality
CDM-Biogas-Networking in China
• Promoted since 2005 with integrated expert staff supported through the
German Centre for International Migration and Development CIM –
GTZ (www.cimonline.de), a CDM-biogas network has been established
in China, where Chinese institutions and companies – in cooperation
with European partners - are cooperating to obtain best practice biogas
projects and to gain experience in the development and implementation
and monitoring of CDM-biogas activities:
– University of Science and Technology Beijing – Centre for Sustainable Environmental Sanitation
– Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering / Hongyuan Energy and Environment Co., Ltd.
– Oasis Technology and Development Co., Ltd. / UPM Environment Project Financing and Management Co, Ltd.
– Institute of Biology of the Chinese Academy of Science / Chengdu DeTong Environment Engineering Co., Ltd
– German Bio Energy Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.
– Camco International AG / ClearWorld Energy
– International Biogas and Bioenergy Competence Centre (IBBK)
– German Society for Sustainable Biogas and Bioenergy Utilisation (GERBIO – FnBB e.V.)
– …………………………
Center for Sustainable Environmental
Sanitation - CSES‘ mission
• Capacity building through
training-on-job of Chinese and
international young
professionals
• Teaming of young
professionals with experienced
Chinese and international
senior experts
• Creating a multi-lingual
working atmosphere for
sucessful Sino-International
cooperations.
Contents
http://www.dbfz.de/web/fileadmin/user_upload/biogasworkshop/Document/20100420_GTZ_Biomass_Project_LEIPZIG_CN-EN.pdf
MLBGP development in Germany 1992–2008 & in China till 2007, forecast

2020 10000
Compared to
Germany, China
has in 2009 8000
2.5x more
MLBGPs but only
10% of the
China MSBGP
capacity to 6000
Number of MLBG Plants
development
generate biogas
electricity is
installed 2009
4000 Installed capacity
n
1835MWel in
2009
2000
0
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 yr 2025
Biogas and CDM – baseline –
Current CH4 emission, which is finally the basis for CER calculation, depends very much on current AWMS!
CH4 Emission
100% of potential
max. 70% possible
CH4 Emission (in warm climate)
CH4 Emission (in cold climate)
Decreasing anaerobic condition

Agricultural Waste
Management Systems
Contents
154 Specific Biogas production capacity (nm3/m3/d) against Plant

capacity
3.00
2.50
Specific BG production capacity n(m3/m3.d)
2.00
1.50
performance
limit
1.00
0.50
0.00
0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000
Plant size (feedstockprocessing capacity t/yr)

Identified design and operational challenges
• Receiption and pretreatment • CHP-/electricity generator

of feedstock placement / siting
• Operational and design • Grid stability / load shading
related biogas leakages • CHP performance
• Disturbing material • Automated governing and
separation operation
• Emergency measures and • Biogas purification /
dimensionings upgrading
• Biological process • Monitoring and measurement
performance control technique
• Biogas quantity per digester • Digester heating and
volume /substrate unit insulation
• Bacteria retaining • Mixing and steering devices
• Post-treatment to avoid • Substrate pumping and
secondary polution piping
The CHP is the "dairy cow" of the
energy farmer!
• Ignition jet injectors (coked,
• A CHP must achieve a clogged, too often exchanged),
business share of at least 90-
• Leaks (water, oil),
95% or 8 000 operational
hours / year for most • Turbo-charger broken, water
installations, so that the pump defective,
system works economically. • Incomplete biogas conditioning
• In other words: 3-4 weeks (filtering, cooling),
failure make the efficiency of • No sensors to determine
the plant in question. operating conditions.
Pumps and Stirrers
• If the fermenter content is not
optimally stirred, the gas yield
• Entry of too long
lowers. fibres,
• In particular with high solid
contents significant floating • High wearing,
ceilings form within a very short
time when insufficient stirred.
• Low performance,
• Stir is important for the heat • Too weak
transfer into the substrate.
• Wear parts at agitators are all
dimensioned.
rotating parts. They must be easily
accessible for maintenance and
repairs without having to leave the
fermenter wholly or in part.
Construction and design quality
• The repeatedly occurring • Concrete attacked by
breakdowns and stoppages acids
over time due to:
– tank remediation (concrete),
– tank emptying (sediment sand),
– tank emptying (repair of stirring • Leaks (liquid, gas)
or heating technology),
– disorder of biology,
– failure of CHP with often weeks, • No coating of sensible
• are the cause of inefficient
design and construction of
surfaces
many biogas plants.
• Insufficient insulation
Construction sites
Operator qualification
• Economic success is
in question without
well-trained
operators.
• The contractors
should introduce
operators well into the
technology of their
investments.
Operation over 7 or 21 years?
Operational monitoring
Monitoring Methodology
• Monitoring plan:
– Monitor baseline emissions
– Monitor project emissions
– Monitor leakages
– Estimation and calculation of emission reductions
– Address the uncertainty (data)
– Quality assurance/Quality control
– Monitoring management
– Designated
Be consistent with the algorithm/methodology used to estimate the Baseline and
system/human resources
Project emissions
CDM-Monitoring
Contents
6. Summary
Quality assurance based on minimum
quality requirements to ensure the
successful operation of biogas plants.
1. The plant design
2. Requirements for the components
3. Components with high requirements
4. Operator qualification
5. Quality assurance and control
Targets of quality guidelines
1. The definition of quality guidelines and standards must include
professional and public opinions. These are constantly updated by an
independent quality committee.
2. Verifiable technology standards to create meaningful minimum
requirements.
3. Following the standards, the approval procedure by Government is easily.
4. Facilities for applying for funding.
5. Certification of construction or manufacturers companies should be based
on the quality guidelines and done by an independent test institute.
6. Guarantee and warranty transfer on product quality and function of
components and engineering.
7. Ensure good maintenance and repair work. All wear parts must be
accessible to be repaired or replaced without significant limitation of the
operation.
8. Control of companies through regular review and recertification.
Advantages for equipment manufacturers
and component suppliers
• High decision security through standards.
• Seal of approval increases the acceptance.
• Internal operations are optimized.
• Vulnerabilities are recognized and eliminated.
• Return and reclamation costs are reduced.

Benefits for plant operators and
investors
• Higher and tested design and construction quality.
• Legal provisions are safely fulfilled.
• Clearly defined contract and warranty conditions for plant
and components to proof the financial viability.
• Optimized process by defined procedures.
• Each component is aligned into the system.
• Longer lifetime through high quality material.
• Less operational errors through streamlined workflows.
• Less downtime for repairs and maintenance.
• Contractors must demonstrate and assure to the operators
that the systems works economically.
Contents
5. Improve China’s biogas plant
quality
Import or Joint venture for key
equipments
Chinese Ethanol Effluent Plant
Executed by: Rhodia
Period: 2008-2010
Site: Ethanol Plant, China
Capacity: 180,000-200,000
m3 biogas/day
Type: CHEAP™ WWT
Substrate: Ethanol distillery
effluent
Characteristics: Biogas,
sulfur management, post
treatment
Activities: Full design,
commissioning and
operation support
Rhodia 2010 Overview Energy Services

Welcome to cooperate
University of Science and Technology Beijing

cses@biogas.tk School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Centre for Sustainable Environmental Sanitation
cses@ecosan.net.cn Xueyuan Road 30 / Haidian District
Tu Mu Huan Jing Lou - Office 12.14
Beijing, 100083, P.R. China
mang@biogas.tk
Tel/Fax +86-10-6233 4378
Am Feuersee 8
74592 Kirchberg/Jagst - Germany
Tel.: +49 7954 921 969
Fax: +49 7954 926 204
Chairman:
Michael Köttner
koettner@gerbio.org
Vice-Chairman:
Heinz-Peter Mang
mang@gerbio.org
www.gerbio.org

Mang Hangzhou October 2010

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Mang Hangzhou October 2010

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Problems and Solutions

Centre for Sustainable Environmental Sanitation at the

4th China (Hangzhou) International Clean Energy & Environment

MLBGP development in Germany 1992–2008 & in China till 2007, forecast

max. 70% possible

CH4 Emission (in warm climate)

CH4 Emission (in cold climate)

Decreasing anaerobic condition

154 Specific Biogas production capacity (nm3/m3/d) against Plant

Plant size (feedstockprocessing capacity t/yr)

• Receiption and pretreatment • CHP-/electricity generator

• Seal of approval increases the acceptance.

• Internal operations are optimized.

• Vulnerabilities are recognized and eliminated.

• Return and reclamation costs are reduced.

Rhodia 2010 Overview Energy Services

University of Science and Technology Beijing

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