Aerosol spray

Aerosol spray can

Aerosol spray is a type of dispensing system which creates an aerosol mist of liquid particles.
This is used with a can or bottlethat contains a liquid under pressure. When the container's
valve is opened, the liquid is forced out of a small hole and emerges as an aerosol or mist. As
gas expands to drive out the payload, only some propellant evaporates inside the can to
maintain an even pressure. Outside the can, the droplets of propellant evaporate rapidly, leaving
the payload suspended as very fine particles or droplets. Typical liquids dispensed in this way
are insecticides, deodorants and paints. An atomizer is a similar device that is pressurised by a
hand-operated pump rather than by stored gas.
History

The aerosol (A gaseous suspension of fine solid or liquid particles) spray canister invented
by USDA researchers,Lyle Goodhue and William Sullivan.
Perfume spray.
The concepts of aerosol probably go as far back as 1790.[1] The first aerosol spray can patent
was granted in Oslo in 1926 to Erik Rotheim, a Norwegian chemical engineer,[1][2] and a
United States patent was granted for the invention in 1931.[3] The patent rights were sold to a
United States company for 100,000 Norwegian kroner.[4] The Norwegian Postal
Service, Posten Norge, celebrated the invention by issuing a stamp in 1998.
In 1939, American Julian S. Kahn received a patent for a disposable spray can,[5][6] but the
product remained largely undeveloped. Kahn's idea was to mix cream and a propellant from
two sources to make whipped cream at home — not a true aerosol in that sense. Moreover, in
1949, he disclaimed his first four claims, which were the foundation of his following patent
claims. It was not until 1941 that the aerosol spray can was first put to good use by
Americans Lyle Goodhue and William Sullivan, who are credited as the inventors of the
modern spray can.[7][8] Their design of a refillable spray can dubbed the "bug bomb", is the
ancestor of many popular commercial spray products. Pressurized by liquefied gas, which gave
it propellant qualities, the small, portable can enabled soldiers to defend against malaria-
carrying mosquitoes by spraying inside tents and airplanes in the Pacific during World War
II.[9] Goodhue and Sullivan received the first Erik Rotheim Gold Medal from the Federation of
European Aerosol Associations on August 28, 1970 in Oslo, Norway in recognition of their
early patents and subsequent pioneering work with aerosols. In 1948, three companies were
granted licenses by the United States government to manufacture aerosols. Two of the three
companies, Chase Products Company and Claire Manufacturing, still manufacture aerosols to
this day. The "crimp-on valve", used to control the spray in low-pressure aerosols was
developed in 1949 byBronx machine shop proprietor Robert H. Abplanalp.[10][8
The concept of an aerosol originated as early as 1790, when self-pressurized carbonated
beverages were introduced in France. In 1837, a man called Perpigna invented a soda siphon
incorporating a valve. Metal spray cans were being tested as early as 1862. They were
constructed from heavy steel and were too bulky to be commercially successful.
In 1899, inventors Helbling and Pertsch patented aerosols pressurized using methyl and ethyl
chloride as propellants.
Erik Rotheim
On November 23, 1927, Norwegian engineer Erik Rotheim (also spelled Eric Rotheim)
patented the first aerosol can and valve that could hold and dispense products and propellant
systems. This was the forerunner of the modern aerosol can and valve. In 1998, the Norwegian
post office issued a stamp celebrating the Norwegian invention of the spray can.
Lyle Goodhue and William Sullivan
During World War II, the U.S. government funded research into a portable way for service
men to spray malaria-carrying bugs. Department of Agriculture researchers, Lyle Goodhue and
William Sullivan, developed a small aerosol can pressurized by a liquefied gas (a fluorocarbon)
in 1943. It was their design that made products like hair spray possible, along with the work of
another inventor Robert Abplanalp.
Robert Abplanalp - Valve Crimp
In 1949, 27-year-old Robert H. Abplanalp’s invention of a crimp on valve enabled liquids to
be sprayed from a can under the pressure of an inert gas. Spray cans, mainly containing
insecticides, were available to the public in 1947 as a result of their use by U.S. soldiers for
preventing insect-borne diseases. Abplanalp’s invention made of lightweight aluminum made
the cans a cheap and practical way to dispense liquids foams, powders, and creams. In 1953,
Robert Abplanal patented his crimp-on valve "for dispensing gases under pressure." His
Precision Valve Corporation was soon earning over $100 million manufacturing one billion
aerosol cans annually in the United States and one-half billion in 10 other countries.
In the mid-1970s, concern over the use of fluorocarbons adversely effecting the ozone layer
drove Abplanalp back into the lab for a solution. Substituting water-soluble hydrocarbons for
the damaging fluorocarbons created an environmentally friendly aerosol can that did not harm
the environment. This put the manufacture of aerosol spray can products into high gear.
Robert Abplanal invented both the first clog-free valve for spray cans and the "Aquasol" or
pump spray, which used water-soluble hydrocarbons as the propellant source.
Spray Paint in a Can
In 1949, canned spray paint was invented by Edward Seymour, the first paint color was
aluminum. Edward Seymour's wife Bonnie suggested the use of an aerosol can filled with paint.
Edward Seymour founded Seymour of Sycamore, Inc. of Chicago, USA, to manufacture his
spray paints.
The aluminium tube is an indispensable type of packaging for such products as cosmetics,
food and pharmaceutical items where the essential requirement is that the contents must not
come into contact with air. The aluminium tube precludes the possibility of diffusion, and
protects against the harmful influences of light and UVB radiation.
These unique properties make it possible to keep the product stored in perfect condition. The
aluminium tube is a modern packaging material that is also elegant, light, simple and easy to
handle, and is 100% recyclable.
Our highly skilled and experienced technicians are working
continuously on the development of our tubes and on improving
production technology. The reasons for our success are our close co-
operationwith our customers, our quick reaction to their individual
requirements and our commitment to top quality and efficient
manufacturing processes.
Matrametal’s investment in modern production technology enables us
to produce annually 130 million aluminium tubes. Our five
manufacturing lines are able to produce tubes of the
followingdiameters: 13.5mm; 16mm; 22mm; 25mm; 28mm;
30mm; 32mm; 35mm and 40mm, with acapacity ranging from 4 ml
to 200 ml.
Our cylindrical tubes are produced by cold extrusion from aluminium
slugs of 99.7% purity.
With regard to the execution of the shoulder our customers may
choose between the following possibilities: polished, corrugated,
painted or with embossed tactile warning.
Different types of nozzles are also available, e.g. open, closed with
membrane, elongated, and star-shaped, and to these can be fitted
a wide variety of caps from our standard range. Other types of caps
can be purchased on request.
The internal coating of the tubes in contact with the filling material, meets all the relevant
statutory Health and Hygiene requirements. For the packaging of aggressive materials we
apply appropriate, special, internal lacquers of high resistance. Our triple lacquer spraying
technology ensures the evenness of the lacquer film on the whole surface of the inner tube.
To achieve a perfect closure after the filling process, a latex or a "hot-melt" end-seal is applied
to the bottom part of the tube.
The exterior of Matrametal’s tubes is customised to each client’s exact specification and our
well qualified, experienced technicians will take pride in making tubes that display your
product and your company name and logo to the best advantage.
The external surface of the tube can be white, coloured, transparent,
matt or mother-of-pearl enamel. Lithographical printing by indirect
offset technology is available in five or six coloursdepending on the diameter of the tube.
CMYK printing is also possible on request.
Finally the completed products are packed into corrugated cardboard boxes,
with no manual contact. The boxes are then placed on EUR pallets and
covered with plastic film ready for shipment.
Matrametal operates to the highest international standards, including ISO
9001, ISO-14001 and HACCP Quality Assurance Systems.

Liquid Gas?
In the last section, we looked at the simplest aerosol-can design, which uses compressed gas as
a propellant. In the more popular system, the propellant is a liquefied gas. This means that the
propellant will take liquid form when it is highly compressed, even if it is kept well above its
boiling point.
Since the product is liquid at room temperature, it is simply poured in before the can is sealed.
The propellant, on the other hand, must be pumped in under high pressure after the can is
sealed. When the propellent is kept under high enough pressure, it doesn't have any room to
expand into a gas. It stays in liquid form as long as the pressure is maintained. (This is the same
principle used in a liquid propane grill.)
As you can see in the diagram below, the actual can design in this liquefied-gas system is
exactly the same as in the compressed-gas system. But things work a little bit differently when
you press down the button.
When the valve is open, the pressure on the liquid propellant is instantly reduced. With less
pressure, it can begin to boil. Particles break free, forming a gas layer at the top of the can. This
pressurized gas layer pushes the liquid product, as well as some of the liquid propellant, up the
tube to the nozzle. Some cans, such as spray-paint cans, have a ball bearing inside. If you shake
the can, the rattling ball bearing helps to mix up the propellant and the product, so the product
is pushed out in a fine mist.
When the liquid flows through the nozzle, the propellant rapidly expands into gas. In some
aerosol cans, this action helps to atomize the product, forming an extremely fine spray. In other
designs, the evaporating propellant forms bubbles in the product, creating a foam.
The consistency of the expelled product depends on several factors, including:
 The chemical makeup of the propellant and product
 The ratio of propellant to product
 The pressure of the propellant
 The size and shape of the valve system
Manufacturers are able to produce a wide variety of aerosol devices by configuring these
elements in different combinations. But whether the can shoots out foamy whipped cream,
thick shaving gel or a fine mist of deodorant, the basic mechanism at work is the same: One
fluid pushes another.
To learn more about aerosol cans, as well as the chemicals used inside them, check out the
links on the next page.
CAUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD
Many propellants are flammable, so it's dangerous to use aerosol cans around an open flame.
Otherwise, you might end up with an accidental flamethrower. Another possible danger is
inhalation: Some aerosol cans, such as whipped-cream containers, use nitrous oxide, which can
be harmful if inhaled in mass quantities. To learn more about the propellants used in aerosol
cans, check out this site.
Up until the 1980s, a lot of liquefied-gas aerosol cans used chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as a
propellant. After scientists concluded that CFCs were harmful to the ozone layer, 70 nations
signed the Montreal Protocol, an agreement to phase out CFC use over the next decade. Today,
almost all aerosol cans contain alternative propellants, such as liquefied petroleum gas, which
do not pose as serious a threat to the environment.

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Aerosol Components

Aero-Pack supports the whole aerosol industry. Whether you're a small, medium or large
enterprise, we are capable of supplying all the components necessary to assemble a fully
working aerosol delivery system.
We retail the same reliable and quality components that we use for normal contract filling such
as valves and actuators.

Valves

Valves are basically the heart of any aerosol system. It

is a combination of two components, namely the housing and the stem. APII utilizes the most
optimized combination of such bringing you industry standard specification for all your
aerosol needs.

Detailed information is available upon request. Click here to view our contact details.

Actuators

Actuators are the components that open the aerosol valve. When the actuator is pressed down
by the user to open the valve; the shape and size of the nozzle in the actuator controls the
spread of the aerosol spray.
We have many types of actuators for different types of applications.
Cosmetics Actuators Industrial Actuators Specialty Actuators

Detailed information is available upon request. Click here to view our contact details.

Caps

Overcaps

Overcaps provide protection and beauty to the product. We offer a wide variety of overcaps
to complement your aerosol can.

Spraycaps
Detailed information is available upon request. Click here to view our contact details.

Tin Caps Tops & Ends

We also supply Aerosol Tops and Ends for Aerosol

Manufacturers.

Detailed information is available upon request. Click here to view our contact details.

Agitators

Agitator balls aid in a more complete and thorough

mixing of the contents of an aerosol can. We supply agitator balls should you need to add one
in your product.

Detailed information is available upon request.. Click here to view our contact details.
 Tamper Proof Seal

We supply Tamper Proof Seals to give you that added security.

Detailed information is available upon request. Click here to view our contact details.