‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫(‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫(‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1-1‬‬ ‫(~~‪~~~11~(1110115 01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪81~~1(0111~5, 1‬‬
‫‪1-2‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪5~1111~01100~10( 1)~~1~~5, 3‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪1-3‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0111(01 ~113((1~1~(1511~5 01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪1)~~1~~5, 8‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1-4‬‬ ‫(~~‪1~~~5 01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪81~~1(0111~ 0(~0115,‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫‪1-5‬‬ ‫(~~‪1)~51~11 01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪81~~1(0111~5 8().01~111~111, 12‬‬
‫‪1-6‬‬ ‫‪~~(1~11~(31 811~~15, 13‬‬
‫‪5 0111111(1(~, 13‬‬
‫‪~~1~(~11~~5, 14‬‬
‫‪~~~1~~ 00~5110115, 14‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪2-1‬‬ ‫‪101(0011~1100, 15‬‬

‫‪2-2‬‬ ‫‪0100~5 ~1111~~ (100 ~1., 1.0(105, 15‬‬
‫‪2-3‬‬ ‫‪0100~5 ~11111.,~ (100 ~1.,~ 1.0(105, 18‬‬
‫‪2-4‬‬ ‫‪~(~~~11~~110~ 0100~5, 23‬‬
‫‪2-5‬‬ ‫‪~~~0~~()1 011((11111~0 ~0~(~)1 ~1111(1 0100~,‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫‪2-6‬‬ ‫‪510~1~-.,11(15~ 1-1(111-~(1~~ ~~~1111~(5,‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬
‫‪2-7‬‬ ‫‪.,~(10((0(10~~ .,(1((1(0~1~(5, 29‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪2-8‬‬ ‫‪510~1~-.,11(15~ ~1111-~(1~~ ~~~1111~(5,‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬
‫‪2-9‬‬ ‫‪~111111111(15~51(1( ~~~1111~(5, 38‬‬
‫‪2-10‬‬ ‫‪111(~~-.,11(15~ 13(10~~ ~~~1111~(5,‬‬ ‫‪41‬‬
‫‪2-11‬‬ ‫‪~~~1111~( 0(~1111 0~51~0,‬‬ ‫‪44‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪2-12‬‬ ‫‪~11~~15 01 5011(~~ (100 1.0(10 10011~1(10~~5, 49‬‬
‫‪511(0(0(1()1, 50‬‬
‫‪~~1~(~0~~5,‬‬ ‫‪51‬‬
‫‪~~~1~~ 011~511005,‬‬ ‫‪51‬‬
‫‪.,(001~(05,‬‬ ‫‪52‬‬

‫‪~~~~,..~~ 3‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬

‫‪3-1‬‬ ‫‪101(0011~1100, 56‬‬
‫‪3-2‬‬ ‫‪~(1111((11 ~0(0(0111(11100,‬‬ ‫‪57‬‬
‫‪3-3‬‬ ‫‪~0(~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0(0(0111(11100,‬‬ ‫‪57‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪3-3.1 5~11-~0(0(0111(11100,‬‬ ‫‪58‬‬
‫‪3-3.2 1(0111115~ ~0(0(0111(11100, 60‬‬
‫‪3-3.3 ~~500(101 .,1115~ ~0(0(0111(11100, 64‬‬
‫‪3-3.4 ~0(0111~(0~01(1()1 ~0(0(0111(11100, 67‬‬
‫‪3-3.5 ~)(1~(0(11 .,1115~ ~0(0(0111(11100, 69‬‬
‫‪3-3.6 1.0(10-510~ ~0(0(0111(11100, 69‬‬
‫‪3-3.7 1.10~-510~ ~0(0(0111(11100, 69‬‬
‫‪3-4‬‬ ‫‪~0(0(0111(11100 0(~1111 0~51~0, 71‬‬
‫‪3-5‬‬ ‫‪~0(0(0111(11100 ~(111(1~110(5, 74‬‬
‫‪511(0(0(1()1, 74‬‬
‫‪~~1~(~0~~5,‬‬ ‫‪74‬‬
‫‪~~~1~~ 011~511005,‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪.,(001~(05,‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪4-1‬‬ ‫‪101(0011~1100, 77‬‬

‫‪/4-2‬‬ ‫‪.,(10~1111~ 01 .,11(15~-~001(011~0‬‬ ‫(~‪~00~~(1‬‬ ‫‪011~((11100,‬‬ ‫‪78‬‬
‫‪~4-3‬‬ ‫‪510~1~- .,11(15~ 5~(01~00~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬
‫‪~-4‬‬ ‫‪510~1~-.,11(15~ ~1111 ~00~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪84‬‬
‫‪4-5‬‬ ‫‪510~1~- .,11(15~ 011(11 ~00~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪87‬‬
 ‫‪4-6‬‬ ‫~‪51(1~1~-~11(15‬‬ ‫‪5~(1~5 ~0(1~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪4-7‬‬ ‫~‪111..~~-~11(15‬‬ ‫‪1-1(11~-~(1~~ ~0(1~~..1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪95‬‬
‫‪4-8‬‬ ‫~‪111(~~-~11(15‬‬ ‫‪5~1111~0(1~~..1~(5, 99‬‬
‫‪4-9‬‬ ‫~‪111..~~-~11(15‬‬ ‫‪~011 ~0(1~~..1~..5, 101‬‬
‫‪4-10‬‬ ‫~‪111..~~-~11(15‬‬ ‫‪00(11 ~0(1~~..1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪105‬‬
‫‪4-11‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫(‪~(1~10‬‬ ‫‪1111~..0~~111~(115,‬‬ ‫‪107‬‬
‫‪4-11.1‬‬ ‫‪8)(11(1~110(1 ~(1~1~ ~0(11..01, 108‬‬
‫‪4-11.2‬‬ ‫‪5)1111111~1..1~(11‬‬
‫‪~11~1~ ~0(11..01, 110‬‬
‫‪4-11.3‬‬ ‫‪~015~- ~10111- ~0001(1110(1 ~0(11..01, 112‬‬
‫‪4-11.4‬‬ ‫‪51(105010(11 ~015~- ~10111 ~0001(1110(1,‬‬ ‫‪114‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪4-12‬‬ ‫‪0~51~(1‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~0(1~~..1~( 0..~0115, 115‬‬
‫‪4-13‬‬ ‫~~‪8~~~~15 0~ 1.0(10 (1(10 500..‬‬ ‫‪1(100~1(1(1~~5, 117‬‬
‫~‬

‫‪51101111(1()1,‬‬
‫‪119‬‬
‫‪~~~~..~(1~~5,‬‬ ‫‪119‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~‪~~~1‬‬ ‫‪00~5110115,‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫‪~..0~1~1115,‬‬ ‫‪121‬‬

‫‪/5-1‬‬ ‫‪1(11(000~110(1,‬‬ ‫‪124‬‬

‫‪5-2‬‬ ‫‪51(1~1~-~11(15~ ~~ 5~11~11~5, 125‬‬
‫‪5-3‬‬ ‫‪111..~~-~11(15~ ~~ 5~11~11~5, 127‬‬
‫‪5-4‬‬ ‫‪111..~~-~11(15~ ~~~~..51(1~ 5~11~11~5, 127‬‬
‫‪5-5‬‬ ‫‪~~ 5~11~11~5 ~0.. 1305 1((1(15~~(,‬‬ ‫‪130‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪/5-6‬‬
‫‪5-7‬‬
‫‪5-8‬‬
‫‪0~ 5~11~11~5, 130‬‬
‫‪50110-51(11~ ~~1(1)15, 132‬‬
‫‪0~51~(1 0~ 51(111~ 5~11~11~5, 133‬‬
‫‪50111111(1..)1, 134‬‬
‫‪~~~~(~11~~5,‬‬ ‫‪134‬‬
‫‪~~~1~~ 00~5110(15,‬‬ ‫‪134‬‬
‫‪~..0~1~1115, 135‬‬

‫‪6-1‬‬ ‫‪1111..000~110(1, 137‬‬

‫‪6-2‬‬ ‫~~‪~..111~1~1~ 0~ 0(1-0‬‬ ‫‪~0(11..01,‬‬ ‫‪138‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪6-3‬‬ ‫~‪~..1(1~1~1‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~11(15~ ~0(11..01,‬‬ ‫‪140‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪6-4‬‬ ‫~‪51(1~1~-~11(15‬‬ ‫‪13101(~~11011(11‬‬ ‫‪~0(11(011~..5‬‬ ‫~~‪~1111 ~~51511‬‬ ‫‪1.0(105,‬‬ ‫‪142‬‬

‫‪,/6-5‬‬ ‫~‪51(1~1~-~11(15‬‬ ‫‪~0(11(011~..5‬‬ ‫~~‪~11111(100~11‬‬ ‫‪1.0(105,‬‬ ‫‪145‬‬
‫‪6-6‬‬ ‫~~‪111..‬‬ ‫~~‪~11(15~ 1-1(11~-~(1‬‬ ‫‪~0(11(011~(5,‬‬ ‫‪148‬‬
‫‪6-7‬‬ ‫~‪111..~~-~11(15‬‬ ‫~~‪~011-~(1‬‬ ‫‪~0(11..011~..5,‬‬ ‫‪154‬‬
‫‪6-8‬‬ ‫~‪111..~~-~11(15‬‬ ‫‪13101(~~110(1(11‬‬ ‫‪0~11(1-~0(111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪~0(11..011~..5,‬‬ ‫‪157‬‬
‫‪6-9‬‬ ‫~‪51(1~1~-~11(15‬‬ ‫‪1((1(15~0(111~..‬‬ ‫~‪1(1‬‬ ‫‪~11(1(1~~..5,‬‬ ‫‪161‬‬
‫‪6-10‬‬ ‫‪~)1~10~0(1~~..1~..5,‬‬ ‫‪166‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪6-10.1 510~1~-~1138~ ~)1~10~00~~(1~(8, 166‬‬

‫‪6-10. 2 111(~~- ~1138~ ~)1~10~00~~(1~(8, 168‬‬
‫‪6-10.3 ~~011~1100 01 0111~1111-13((0001~8, 169‬‬
‫‪6-11‬‬ ‫‪1)~81~0 01 ~~ ~ 0113~~-~001(011~( ~1(~11118,172‬‬
‫‪6-12‬‬ ‫‪~11~~18 01 5011(~~ 300 1-030 10011~130~~8, 175‬‬
‫‪511(0(03()1, 176‬‬
‫‪~~1~(~0~~8, 176‬‬
‫‪~~~1~~ 011~811008, 176‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~(001~(08, 177‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪7-1‬‬ ‫‪101(0011~1100, 180‬‬
‫‪7-2‬‬ ‫‪~(10~1~1~ 01 51~~-1)0~0 0~~(31100, 180‬‬
‫‪7-3‬‬ ‫‪51~~-1)0~0 ~110~~~(8 ~1111~1. 1-030, 183‬‬
‫‪7-4‬‬ ‫‪~(10~1~1~ 01 51~~-1)~ 0~~(31100, 186‬‬
‫‪7-5‬‬ ‫‪~~(10((030~~ ~3(3(0~1~(8, 189‬‬
‫‪7-6‬‬ ‫‪5~11~1110~-~00~ ~~~111310(8, 189‬‬
‫‪7-6.1 1311~~~~~111310(8, 190‬‬
‫‪7-6.2 130081 ~~~111310(8, 193‬‬
‫‪7-6.3 1311~~-130081 ~~~111310(8, 196‬‬
‫‪7-6.4 ~11~ ~~~111310(8, 199‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪7-7‬‬
‫‪7-6.5 1-1(01131100801 510~1~-513~~ ~00~~(8100, 204‬‬
‫‪111)1(1810( ~110~~~( 0(~11118, 204‬‬
‫‪7-7.1 1(0~1118~-~0(0(011131~0 ~110~~~(8, 205‬‬
‫‪7-7.2 ~11~~18_015011(~~ 300 1-030 10011~130~~, 210‬‬
‫‪7-7.3 1(0~1118~-~0(0(011131~0 111(~~-111)1(1810( ~110~~~(8, 210‬‬
‫‪7-7.4 ~~800301 ~1118~~110~~~(8, 212‬‬
‫‪7-8‬‬ ‫‪~110~~~( ~1(~11111)~81~0, 215‬‬
‫‪7-9‬‬ ‫‪~3~0~11~ ~00810~(311008, 221‬‬
‫‪511(0(03()1,‬‬ ‫‪221‬‬
‫‪~~1~(~0~~8,‬‬ ‫‪221‬‬
‫‪~~~1~~ 011~811008,‬‬ ‫‪222‬‬
‫‪~(001~(08,‬‬ ‫‪223‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪8-1‬‬ ‫‪101(0011~1100, 226‬‬

‫‪8-2‬‬ ‫‪~(10~1~1~ 01 0~~(31100, 227‬‬
‫‪8-3‬‬ ‫‪~~(10((030~~ ~3(3(0~1~(8, 228‬‬
‫‪8-4‬‬ ‫‪510~1~-~1138~ 13(10~~ 10~~(1~(8, 230‬‬
‫‪8-5‬‬ ‫‪111(~~-~1138~ 10~~(1~(8, 233‬‬
‫‪8-6‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~ ~001(01 01 510~1~-~1138~ 10~~(1~(8, 239‬‬
‫‪8-6.1 510~1~-~1118~-~10111 ~0011131100, 240‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪8-6.2‬‬ ‫‪~11111~1~-111115~-~10111‬‬ ‫‪~00111(11100, 241‬‬
‫‪8-6.3 510115010(11111115~-~10111 ~00111(11100, 243‬‬
‫‪8-6.4 ~00111~0 510115010(11111115~-~10111 ~00111(11100,‬‬ ‫‪245‬‬
‫‪8-6.5 1111(15~-015~1(1~~111~01 ~001(01,‬‬ ‫‪246‬‬
‫‪8-7‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~ ~001(01 01111(~~-1111(15~ 10~~(1~(5, 247‬‬
‫‪8-8‬‬ ‫‪1-1(1(111001~~~011~11005, 248‬‬
‫‪8-9‬‬ ‫‪5~(1~5 ~~500(10110~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪251‬‬
‫‪8-9.1 5~(1~5 ~~500(10110~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪~1111 00101(~~1100(11 5~11~11~5, 252‬‬
‫‪8-9.2 5~(1~5 ~~500(101111~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪~111113101(~~1100(11 5~11~11~5, 259‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪8-10‬‬ ‫‪~0(~~0-~0111111111(11~0 111)1(1510( 10~~(1~(5, 264‬‬
‫‪8-10.1 ~11,.111(1()1-~0111111111(11~010~~(1~(5, 265‬‬
‫‪8-10.2 ~0111~1~111~111(1()1-~0111111111(11~010~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪266‬‬
‫‪8-11‬‬ ‫~~(‪~11((~01-5011‬‬ ‫‪10~~(1~(5, 273‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪8-12‬‬ ‫‪~ (1(1(101~ 0~ 1.,10~ 10~~(1~(, 276‬‬
‫‪8-13‬‬ ‫‪10~~(1~( 0(~1111 0~51~0, 276‬‬
‫‪8-14‬‬ ‫~‪~(1~0~11‬‬ ‫‪~00510~((111005,‬‬ ‫‪279‬‬
‫‪511111111(1()1,‬‬ ‫‪279‬‬

‫‪~~1~(~11~~5,‬‬ ‫‪279‬‬
‫‪~~~1~~ 011~511005,‬‬ ‫‪280‬‬
‫‪~(001~1115, 281‬‬

‫‪9-1‬‬ ‫‪1111(0011~11011,284‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪9-2‬‬

‫‪9-3‬‬
‫‪0~ ~0~~( 511~~11~5,285‬‬
‫‪9-2.1 5~11~11~0-~00~ 0~ 110~~( 511~~11~5,285‬‬
‫‪9-2.2 ~~5011(11110~ ~0~~( 511~~11~5,288‬‬
‫‪9-2.3 13101(~~11011(11‬‬
‫‪~0~~( 511~~11~5,289‬‬
‫‪~~ ~0~~( 511~~11~5,290‬‬
‫‪9-3.1 5~11~11~0-~00~ ~~ 110~~( 511~~11~5,290‬‬
‫‪9-3.2 ~~5011(101 ~~ ~0~~( 511~~11~5,291‬‬
‫‪9-3.3 13101(~~1100(11~~ 110~~( 511~~11~5,291‬‬
‫‪9-4‬‬ ‫‪~1111151(1~~~011~~(510115, 292‬‬
‫‪9-5‬‬ ‫‪~(1~0~11~ ~011510~((1110115,293‬‬
‫‪511111111(1()1,‬‬ ‫‪294‬‬

‫‪~~1~(~0~~5,‬‬ ‫‪294‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~~~1~~ 011~5110115, 294‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪11(001~1115, 295‬‬

‫~‬ ‫~~~~‪4‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪()~ ()~~~~5‬‬ ‫‪296‬‬

‫‪10-1‬‬ ‫‪1111(0011~1100,296‬‬
‫‪10-2‬‬ ‫‪13(151~~11(1((1~1~(1511~5‬‬
‫‪01 0~ ~010(5, 297‬‬
‫‪10-3‬‬ ‫~‪5111~1~-1111(15‬‬
‫‪0(1~~5, 300‬‬
‫(~‪/ 10-3.1 510~1~-1111(15~1-1(111-~(1~~~00~~(1‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~5, 301‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪10-3.2 $111~1~-~1138~ $~1111~011~~(1~( 0(1~~8, 302‬‬

‫‪10-3.3 $111~1~-~1138~ ~1.111-~011~~(1~( 0(1~~8, 303‬‬
‫(~‪10-3.4 $111~1~-~1138~ 01.131-~00~~(1‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~8, 304‬‬
‫‪10-4‬‬ ‫‪111(~~-~1138~ 0(1~~8, 307‬‬
‫‪~10-4.1‬‬ ‫‪111(~~-~1138~ 1-1311-~3~~ ~011~~(1~( 0(1~~8, 308‬‬
‫‪10-4.2 111(~~-~1138~ $~1111~011~~(1~( 0(1~~8, 308‬‬
‫‪10-4.3 111(~~-~1138~ ~1.111-~011~~(1~( 0(1~~8, 308‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪10-4.4 111(~~-~1138~ 01.131-~011~~(1~( 0(1~~8, 309‬‬
‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪~110~~~( 0(1~~8, 313‬‬
‫(~~‪10-5.1 ~(111~1~1~ 01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01, 313‬‬
‫‪10-5.2 ~(111~1~1~ 01 ~~~~11~(311~~ )3(3~~ ~0111(01, 315‬‬
‫‪10-5.3 ~(111~1~1~ 01 ~11~081311~ )3(3~~ ~0111(01, 317‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~‪10-5.4 ~(111~1~1~ 01 ~01110111~0 ~~~~11~(311~~ 3110 ~11~081311~ )3(3‬‬
‫‪~0111(01, 319‬‬
‫‪10-5.5 1~0/~01.1(-01.130(3111 ~110~~~( 0(1~~8, 319‬‬
‫‪10-5.6 ~1.1111~1138~~110~~~(8, 321‬‬
‫‪10-6‬‬ ‫‪008~0-1.,00~ ~0111(01 01 0~ 0(1~~8, 323‬‬
‫‪10-6.1‬‬ ‫‪0~~11-1.,00~ 1(31181~( ~1.111~11011,324‬‬
‫‪10-6.2‬‬ ‫~‪008~0-1.,00‬‬ ‫‪1(31181~( ~1.111~11011,328‬‬
‫‪10-6.3‬‬ ‫~‪~1138~-1.,0~~~0-1.,00‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01, 330‬‬
‫‪10-6.4‬‬ ‫‪~1~(0~0111~1.11~( ~0111(01 01 0~ 0(1~~8,‬‬ ‫‪332‬‬
‫‪$1.11111113()1,‬‬ ‫‪333‬‬

‫‪~~1~(~11~~8, 333‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~~~1~~ 01.1~8110118, 334‬‬
‫‪~(001~1118, 335‬‬

‫~~‪~...~~,.‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪~~ ()~~~~5‬‬ ‫‪339‬‬

‫‪11-1‬‬ ‫‪1111(001.1~11011, 339‬‬
‫‪11-2‬‬ ‫(‪11101.1~11011~010‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~8, 340‬‬
‫‪11-2.1 ~~(10(111311~~ ~113(3~1~(1811~8, 341‬‬
‫‪11-2.2 $1310( ~0113~~ ~0111(01, 347‬‬
‫‪11-2.3 ~010( ~0113~~ ~0111(01, 349‬‬
‫‪11-2.4 ~(~()1.1~11~)1 ~0111(01, 356‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪11-2.5 ~0113~~ 3110 ~(~()1.1~11~)1 ~0111(01, 358‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪11-2.6 ~1.1((~111 ~0111(01, 361‬‬

‫‪11-2.7 ~0113~~, ~1.1((~111, 3110 ~(~()1.1~11~)1 ~0111(01, 364‬‬
‫~‪11-2.8 008~0-1.,00‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01 0111101.1~11011 ~010(8,‬‬ ‫‪365‬‬
‫‪11-3‬‬ ‫(‪$)111~11(01101.18~010‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~8, 369‬‬
‫‪11-3.1 ~)111110(1~31 ~010( ~010(8,‬‬ ‫‪370‬‬
‫‪11-3.2 $311~111-~01~ ~010(8,‬‬ ‫‪373‬‬
‫‪11-3.3 ~~11.1~1311~~ ~010(8,‬‬ ‫‪374‬‬
‫‪11-3.4 ~~(111311~111-~3~11~1 ~010(8,‬‬ ‫‪375‬‬
‫~‪11-3.5 008~0-1.,00‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01 01 $)111~11(01101.18~010(8,‬‬ ‫‪376‬‬
 ‫‪51.1111111(1()1,‬‬ ‫‪377‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~~1~(~0~~5, 378‬‬
‫‪~~..,1~~ 01.1~511005, 379‬‬
‫‪~(001~1115,‬‬ ‫‪380‬‬

‫‪12-1‬‬ ‫‪1111(001.1~11011,‬‬
‫‪383‬‬
‫‪12-2‬‬ ‫‪0100~ 01(1((1~1~(1511~5,383‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪12-3‬‬ ‫‪~0~~( 0100~ 1)1~~5, 386‬‬
‫‪12- 3.1 0~11~((11-~1.1(~05~ 0100~5, 386‬‬
‫‪12-3.2 ~(151-~~~0..,~1-)10100~5, 387‬‬
‫‪12-3.3 5~0.011~)1 0100~5, 387‬‬
‫‪12-4‬‬ ‫‪~~(10(111(111~~~(1((1111~1~(5,388‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪12-5‬‬ ‫‪811~~15 01 ~0(~(1(0 (1110~~..,~(5~ ~~~0..,~()111111~, 402‬‬
‫‪12-6‬‬ ‫‪5~(1~5-~0011~~1~0 0100~5, 406‬‬
‫‪12-7‬‬ ‫‪~(1((111~1-~0110~~1~00100~5, 408‬‬
‫‪51.1111111(1()1,‬‬ ‫‪409‬‬
‫‪~~..,1~~ 01.1~5110115,409‬‬
‫‪~(001~1115, 410‬‬

‫‪13-1‬‬ ‫‪1111(001.1~11011, 412‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪13-2‬‬ ‫‪131~01(1( 11.111~11011‬‬‫‪1((11151510(5, 413‬‬
‫‪13-2.1 51~(10)1-51(11~ ~0.(1((1~1~(1511~5, 413‬‬
‫‪13-2.2 5~11~0.111~ ~0.(1((1~1~(1511~5, 418‬‬
‫‪13-2.3 ~~(10(111(111~~ ~(1((1111~1~(5, 424‬‬
‫‪13-2.4 13(15~ 0(1..,~ ~0111(01, 436‬‬
‫‪13-3‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~05~815,‬‬ ‫‪440‬‬
‫‪13-3.1 51~(10)1-51(11~ ~0.(1((1~1~(1511~5, 442‬‬
‫‪13-3.2 5~11~0.111~ ~0.(1((1~1~(1511~5, 444‬‬
‫‪13-3.3 ~~(10(111(10~~ ~(1((1111~1~(5, 445‬‬
‫‪13-3.4 0(11~ 0(1..,~, 452‬‬
‫‪13-4 ~051015,‬‬ ‫‪452‬‬
‫‪13-5‬‬ ‫‪5~(1~5 (1110 ~(1((111~1 0~~((111011,‬‬ ‫‪457‬‬
‫‪13-6‬‬ ‫‪()//()( (100 ()1)/()( 1,111111(1110115, 458‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪13-7‬‬ ‫~‪1501(111011 01 0(11‬‬ ‫‪(1110 13(15~ 0(1..,~5,‬‬ ‫‪461‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪13-7.1‬‬ ‫‪~1.115~ 1((111510(111~(5,‬‬ ‫‪462‬‬

‫‪13-7.2 0~10~01.1~1~(5, 462‬‬
‫‪51.1111111(1()1,‬‬ ‫‪463‬‬

‫‪~~1~(~0~~5, 464‬‬
‫‪~~..,1~~ 01.1~511005, 464‬‬
‫‪~(001~1115, 466‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪14-1‬‬ ‫‪1111(001.1~11011, 468‬‬

‫‪14-2‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1510( ~11(1((1~1~(1511~5, 468‬‬
‫‪14-3‬‬ ‫(‪1~0-1((11151510‬‬ ‫‪~00~1 01111)1(1510(,‬‬ ‫‪470‬‬
‫‪14-4‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1510( 11.1(11-011, 472‬‬
‫‪14-5‬‬ ‫‪(/// (/( ~(01~~11011, 474‬‬
‫‪14-6‬‬ ‫‪(/1)/(/( ~(01~~11011, 476‬‬
‫‪14-7‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1510( 11.1(11-011, 478‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪14-8‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1510( 1)1~~5,‬‬ ‫‪479‬‬
‫‪14-8.1‬‬ ‫‪~11(15~ ~0111(01111)1(1510(5,‬‬ ‫‪480‬‬
‫‪14-8.2‬‬ ‫‪~(151-5~11~11111~ 111)1(1510(5, 480‬‬
‫‪14-8.3‬‬ ‫‪(1(11~-11.1(11-011111)1(1510(5,‬‬ ‫‪481‬‬
‫‪14-8.4‬‬ ‫‪)3101(~~11011(111(100~ 111)1(1510(5, 482‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪14-8.5‬‬ ‫‪~~~~(5~-~01101.1~1111~ 111)1(1510(5, 482‬‬
‫‪14-8.6‬‬ ‫‪51(111~ 11101.1~11011111)1(1510(5, 483‬‬
‫‪14-8. 7‬‬ ‫‪1.,1~111-~~11~(11~0 5111~011-~0111(011~0 ~~~1111~(5,‬‬ ‫‪484‬‬
‫‪14-8.8‬‬ ‫‪~~1-~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1510(5, 484‬‬
‫‪14-9‬‬ ‫~~‪~~(10((11(111‬‬ ‫‪~(1((1(11~1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪485‬‬
‫‪14-9.1 5~~ ~(1((1(11~1~(5, 485‬‬
‫‪14-9.2 (110‬‬ ‫‪~(1((1(11~1~(5, 494‬‬
‫‪14-10‬‬ ‫‪5~(1~5 0~~((111011 01111)1(1510(5, 504‬‬
‫‪14-11‬‬ ‫‪~(1((111~1 0~~((111011 01111)1(1510(5, 507‬‬
‫‪14-12‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1510( ~1(111~ 0(~1.1115, 507‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪51.1(11(11(1()1, 509‬‬
‫‪~~1~(~11~~5,‬‬
‫~~‪~~~1‬‬
‫‪~(0/)1~(115,‬‬
‫‪510‬‬
‫~‪01.1~5110115‬‬
‫‪511‬‬
‫‪510‬‬

‫‪15-1‬‬ ‫‪1111(001.1~11011, 514‬‬

‫‪15-2‬‬ ‫‪~001111~ (1110 1-1~(115111./(5, 514‬‬
‫‪15-3‬‬ ‫‪5111.1/)/)~( 0(~1.1115, 520‬‬
‫‪15-4‬‬ ‫‪~~~~(5~ ~~~0~~()11((11151~1115,‬‬ ‫‪521‬‬
‫‪15-5‬‬ ‫‪51.1~~1)1- (1110 1.,0(10-510~ 1((11151~1115, 527‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪15-6‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~ ~(01~~11011 /))1 5~1~1111.111‬‬ ‫~‪0100~5 (1110 ~~1(11-0)(10‬‬ ‫‪~(1(1510(5,‬‬ ‫‪529‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪15-7‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 ~(01~~110115, 531‬‬

‫‪15-7.1‬‬ ‫‪~1.15111~,531‬‬
‫‪15-7.2‬‬ ‫~~ ‪~(11.111~1.1((~111 ~1111‬‬ ‫‪501.1(~~, 538‬‬
‫‪15-7.3‬‬ ‫~‪~(11.111~1.1((~111 ~1111 0‬‬ ‫‪501.1(~~, 540‬‬
‫‪51.1(11(11(1()1,‬‬ ‫‪541‬‬
‫‪~~1~(~11~~5, 541‬‬
‫‪~~~1~~ 01.1~5110115, 542‬‬
‫‪~(0/)1~(115, 542‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫()=‪~~()-‬‬ ‫‪580‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬
‫‪(1110 ~011~~(51011‬‬
‫(~~‪(1110 011 01 ()0‬‬

‫‪()111(~0‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~1~~1(0111~5‬‬ ‫~‪0~(115 ~1111111~ (1()()11~(1110115 0150110-51(11‬‬
‫~‪01 ~1~~1(1‬‬ ‫‪()0~~(.‬‬
‫(‪5~1111~011011~10‬‬
‫‪110(111(111)1 ~0115151 011111~~((11~0‬‬
‫(~~‪~(11111~ 51~11(115 10( 111~ ()0‬‬
‫‪()011~1115 (1(~ 0~111~ (~()1(1~~0‬‬
‫‪~11‬‬ ‫(~~‪10~(11 ()0‬‬
‫‪1~(1115 01111(11-011‬‬
‫~~‪0~~1‬‬
‫‪~011~~(51011‬‬
‫‪0~~1~~5.‬‬

‫‪0~~1~~5.‬‬
‫‪0)11111~(0()(0~~550(5.‬‬
‫‪1111~~((11~0‬‬

‫‪51101110 11(1~~ 110 5~11~11111~-011‬‬

‫‪11111~, 111(11-01111111~,‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111,‬‬
‫(‪~1~~1(0111~510‬‬
‫~(‪1~~11111()11~5 (~()111‬‬
‫‪1-0~-1~~~1‬‬
‫~‪~1(~11115 (1110 015~(~1‬‬
‫‪~1~~1(0111~5‬‬
‫‪~0111()011~1115,‬‬

‫~~‪(1110 ~011(1‬‬
‫‪(1110 -011‬‬
‫~‪~~11~((11‬‬
‫~‪~1(~11115 (1110 015~(~1‬‬
‫‪111~ ~0111(01‬‬
‫‪111~ 5~11~11111~ 011‬‬
‫‪~1(~11115,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11‬‬
‫‪111~ (~-‬‬
‫‪~0111-‬‬

‫‪1111111(1110115 111‬‬
‫‪11(11101111~ ~(1()(1011111~5.‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫(‪5~1111~011011~10‬‬ ‫‪1~~1111010~)115‬‬ ‫~‪((1()101)1 0~~~10()111‬‬ ‫(~~‪1(151 5~11~11111~ ()0‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬
‫~‪~1111111~(~(15111‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~11((~11111111115.‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪5~11~11111~ 0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫(~~‪511~11 (15 ()0‬‬
‫‪13115, ()0~~( ~05~~15,‬‬ ‫‪~051(115,‬‬ ‫‪50~.5, 1~1~~5,‬‬ ‫‪(1105,‬‬ ‫‪(11100111~( 5~1111~011-‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫(‪011~10‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫~‪(1(~ 11110111~ 111~(~(15111~ (1()()11~(1110115 111 (1 ~10‬‬ ‫~~‪((111‬‬ ‫‪01 ()(0011~15.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪~1111111‬‬ ‫(~‪(1~(111(101111)1 011(151‬‬ ‫‪5~11~11111~ 0~~1~~5,‬‬ ‫‪111~ (1()()11~(1110115 0111100~(111111~(0-‬‬

‫‪()(0~~550(5‬‬ ‫‪111 5)111111~512111~ 111~ ~0111(01‬‬ ‫(‪51((11~~)110‬‬ ‫(~~‪~(11111~ ()0‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫~‪10 111~~1111‬‬
‫‪~011~~(51011‬‬ ‫‪5()~~16~(1110115‬‬ ‫~‪(1(~ ~10~11111‬‬ ‫~)(‪111~ 5~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪01 ()0‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1(0111~5.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪()0-‬‬
‫(~~‪1~1111(11 (1()()11~(1110115 01 ()0‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1(0111~5 15 )1~1 10 0~ 11111)1~)(()10(~0.‬‬
‫(~~‪111~ 11111~ (1110~(11~0 10 (1 ~011(5~ 011 ()0‬‬ ‫~‪~1~~1(0111~5 111(11)1()1~(1111110~(~((1011(11‬‬
‫‪~11((1~1111111115 110(111(111)10111)1 011~ 5~111~51~(.‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1(0111~5‬‬ ‫‪11(15 (11(~(10)1 (10~(111~~0‬‬
‫~(~‪10 111~ ()01111 ~11‬‬ ‫(~~‪1115 01111~111110 ~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1111(~ 5110)~~1111‬‬ ‫(~‪(1 011~-5~111~51‬‬ ‫‪~011(5~.‬‬
‫(~~‪111~ 111110(1111~111(11501 ()0‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1(0111~5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ ~~11 ~51(1011511~0‬‬ ‫~~‪(1110 111~)1 00 1101 ~11(111‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪(3()101)1. 1-/.0~~~~(, 111~ 0~~1~~ ~113(3~1~(1511~5 3(~ ~11311~111~~01111111101151)1. ~0~€,.‬‬
‫‪~/€~(,.0/1/~5, ~111~11 ~(11()10)15 111~ 10()-00~11 3()()(03~11, ~0~~(5 ~011~~(51011 1~~11111()11~5‬‬
‫‪11(51, 3110 111~113()()11~3110115 3110 0~~1~~ ~113(3~1~(1511~5.‬‬ ‫‪11 ~(11()11351~~5 111~ 1111103-‬‬
‫(~~‪(11~11131()(111~1()1~5 01 ()0‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(510115.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 000/‬‬ ‫~‪15 01~10~0 11110 11~~ ()(1(15‬‬

‫(~‪1. 1111(0011~11011-~113()1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪2. ~0(11(111113110111~~11111()11~501 5~~5‬‬ ‫(~~‪3110 ()0‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(51011 1~~11111()11~5-‬‬
‫‪~113()1~(5 2,3,4,6,7,31108‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪3. ~()()11~3110115-~113()1~(5‬‬ ‫‪5, 9, 10, 3110 11‬‬
‫‪4. 1)~~1~~5-~113()1~(5‬‬ ‫‪12, 13, 3110 14‬‬
‫(~‪5. ~(01~~110115-~113()1‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫~(‪10()1~511/‬‬ ‫~‪111(~~-()1135‬‬ ‫‪~1(~11115, (113~11~11~ ~1(~11115, 5~11~11111~ 11111~110115 01 ~011~~(1~(5,‬‬

‫‪0~ 1(31151~111 311(1)1515,‬‬ ‫(~‪3110 ~011(1‬‬ ‫~(‪311(1)1515 3‬‬ ‫‪(~~1~~~0‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ ~()()~1101)(~5.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~0~€,.‬‬ ‫‪~/€~(,.0/1/~5151111~110~0‬‬ ‫(‪35 3 1~)(1000/‬‬ ‫~‪10( 3 ~011(5‬‬ ‫(~~‪011 ..()0‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1(0111~5/‬‬
‫(~~‪51311~ ()0‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(5,,‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫(‪)111110( 0‬‬ ‫(‪5~1110‬‬ ‫~‪11110~(~(301131‬‬ ‫‪51110~1115 111 ~1~~1(1~31‬‬
‫‪3110‬‬ ‫~‪~1~~1(0111‬‬ ‫‪~11~111~~(111~.‬‬ ‫‪11 ~01110‬‬ ‫‪3150‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪115~0‬‬ ‫(‪35 3 1~)(1000/‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~(301131‬‬
‫‪51110~1115 3110 ~01110‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~~‪3 (~1~(~11‬‬ ‫(‪000/‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~‪()(3~11~111‬‬ ‫‪~11~111~~(5‬‬ ‫‪111~01~~0‬‬ ‫~‪111 111‬‬
‫‪0~51~11 3110 3()()11~3110115‬‬ ‫(~~‪01 ()0‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1(0111~5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ()(~(~()111511~5‬‬ ‫‪~01110‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~011(5~5‬‬
‫~‪011 0351‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1(0111~5‬‬ ‫~‪3110 0351‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1(1~31‬‬ ‫‪~1(~11115.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0111~111 01 ~0~€,.‬‬ ‫‪~/€~(,.0/1/~5‬‬
‫‪15 0~)10110‬‬ ‫~)(‪111~ 5~0‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫(~‪3 011~-5~(11~51‬‬ ‫‪~011(5~.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪311 11110~(~(301131‬‬ ‫‪~011(5~,‬‬
‫‪~113()1~(5‬‬ ‫~‪1 10 9 51101110 0‬‬ ‫~‪30~()1131‬‬ ‫~‪10 ()(0~10‬‬ ‫~‪3 51(011‬‬ ‫‪03~/(~(011110‬‬ ‫(~~‪011 ()0‬‬
‫‪~1~~1(0111~5.‬‬ ‫‪~113()1~(5‬‬ ‫‪9 10‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪~01110‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫(‪1~11 10‬‬ ‫(~‪0111‬‬ ‫‪~011(5~5‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪111~1110~0‬‬ ‫‪111 3‬‬
‫~‪~(301131‬‬ ‫‪~011(5~.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~11113(11(1130‬‬
‫‪~111151~(,‬‬
‫‪1-/.. ~351110‬‬
‫‪111013113‬‬

‫~‬ ‫(‪110()())1 015/‬‬ ‫‪1135 0~~11‬‬ ‫‪~11~105~0‬‬ ‫‪~111111115‬‬ ‫‪1~)(1.‬‬ ‫‪11 ~011131115 51 ()(0~(3(115‬‬ ‫‪~(111~11‬‬
‫‪111 ~0~311~~0‬‬ ‫~‪13~51‬‬ ‫‪3110 53~~0‬‬ ‫‪111 ~501‬‬ ‫‪~113(3~1~(5.‬‬ ‫~‪111~5‬‬ ‫‪()(0~(3(115‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ 115~0‬‬
‫~‪10( 111~ 50111110115 0150(11‬‬ ‫‪~0(/(~0-0111‬‬ ‫~‪~)(3(11()1~5 3110 ~~11~(31111‬‬ ‫(‪031310‬‬ ‫‪50(11~ 11~11(~5,‬‬
‫‪~5()~~1311)1 ~1111 ()1115~ ~10111 (1100111311011.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(‪111~113(11~5 011 111~ 015/‬‬ ‫‪0~~111‬‬ ‫‪~1111‬‬
‫‪.~)(,‬‬ ‫‪10( ~0(/(~0-0111‬‬ ‫‪~)(3(11()1~5 3110 .~10,‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪11~11(~5.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~)(3(11()1~,‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~11‬‬ ‫‪4-14‬‬
‫‪1135 3 111~113(11~ 01 .~10-14,.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111~113(11~5 ~311 0~ 1151~0 0)1 01(~~10()11151111~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪015/( 1135 3 001101~-510~0‬‬ ‫‪360‬‬ ‫‪/(13 10((1131‬‬ ‫~‪(~30301‬‬ ‫‪0)1 (11)1 ()~(501131‬‬ ‫(~‪~0(11()111‬‬ ‫‪~1111 3‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~~-1)05‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪311 ~5-005‬‬ ‫(‪2 0‬‬ ‫~‪3 0()~(31111‬‬ ‫~‪5)151~(11, 511~11 35 113‬‬ ‫‪~~,‬‬ ‫‪)(1‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪~ 1.‬‬
‫‪011~5110115‬‬ ‫~‪(~~3(0111‬‬ ‫~(‪111~ 5011~3‬‬ ‫‪(113)1 0~ 01(~~1~0‬‬ ‫~(‪10 111~ 3111110‬‬

‫‪1)(.‬‬ ‫‪~11113(11(1130‬‬ ‫‪1-/.. ~351110‬‬

‫(‪~(01~550‬‬ ‫‪01 ~1~~1(1~31‬‬ ‫~‪~11~111~~(111‬‬
‫~‪~0~00‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~~~511‬‬ ‫‪~3111(11~1‬‬
‫‪1-/.3(11(110110,‬‬ ‫‪111013113‬‬ ‫‪46323‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~)(2-16‬‬ ‫‪.13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(6-12 .13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(11-6 .13~5‬‬

‫‪~)(3-4‬‬ ‫‪.13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(7 -2‬‬ ‫‪.13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(11-7 .13~5‬‬
‫‪~)(3-5‬‬ ‫‪.13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(8-3‬‬ ‫‪.13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(11-8 .13~5‬‬
‫‪~)(3-9‬‬ ‫‪.13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(8-7‬‬ ‫‪.13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(11-9 .13~5‬‬
‫‪~)(3-10‬‬ ‫‪.13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(8-9‬‬ ‫‪.13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(11-10 .13~5‬‬
‫‪~)(3-12‬‬ ‫‪.13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(8-10 .13~5‬‬ ‫‪~1011-3 .13~5‬‬
‫‪~)(4-6‬‬ ‫‪.13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(8-11 .13~5‬‬ ‫‪~1011-4 .13~5‬‬
‫‪~)(4-12‬‬ ‫‪.13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(8-12 .13~5‬‬ ‫‪~1011-9 .13~5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~)(4-13‬‬ ‫‪.13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(8-13 .13~5‬‬ ‫‪~1011-12.13~5‬‬
‫‪~104-14‬‬ ‫‪.13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(8-14 .13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(12-1 .13~5‬‬
‫‪~104-15‬‬ ‫‪.13~5‬‬ ‫‪~108-11 .13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(12-2 .13~5‬‬
‫‪~)(6-4‬‬ ‫‪.13~5‬‬ ‫‪~108-13 .13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(12-3 .13~5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~)(6-5‬‬ ‫‪.13~5‬‬ ‫‪~108-15 .13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(12-4 .13~5‬‬
‫‪~)(6-6‬‬ ‫‪.13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(11-1 .13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(12-5 .13~5‬‬
‫‪~)(6-7‬‬ ‫‪.13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(11-2 .13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(15-2 .13~5‬‬
‫‪~)(6-8‬‬ ‫‪.13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(11-3 .13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(15-3 .13~5‬‬
‫‪~)(6-9‬‬ ‫‪.13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(11-4 .13~5‬‬ ‫‪~)(15-4 .13~5‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪1 ~01.110‬‬

‫‪~8110~(1‬‬
‫‪~..~0‬‬
‫‪108~.,11‬‬
‫‪~~11..(10‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪11~~ 10 111(10~ 111~ ~0110~10‬‬

‫‪1(.‬‬ ‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪.811(11-‬‬ ‫‪001..,~..811)1‬‬

‫‪.8..0~~111.1..81-~08~-1-11.11(0(10‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~..0~1~)1-001..,~..811)1‬‬
‫‪~118(101-1~)((18‬‬
‫‪511(111101.111. 1(11(10-~00~0..01(1‬‬
‫~~~‬
‫‪..~..,1~~~..8‬‬

‫‪0~ ~1~10..1(1,‬‬
‫‪~0.. 111~1.. ~0(0(0~018‬‬

‫‪~(10(10(1‬‬
‫‪1081111.11~ 0~ 1~~110010~)1‬‬
‫‪0~ 11110018,‬‬
‫‪001..,~..811)1‬‬
‫‪001..,~..811)1,‬‬
‫‪0..0(10(1-~11(1(0.,(11~0‬‬

‫‪~(10(10(1‬‬
‫~‪(100 81.1~~~811008‬‬

‫‪~~1~..‬‬ ‫‪1.,(11.1..112~0 -‬‬ ‫‪0 01..,~..811)1 0~ ~ (181110~100‬‬

‫‪~(1‬‬ ‫‪1)(1 111~-5.,00~-‬‬ ‫‪001..,~..811)1‬‬ ‫‪0~ 11110018,‬‬ ‫‪0..0(10(1-~11(1(0.,(11~0‬‬

‫‪1111(18 0~~0‬‬ ‫~‪(1 ~..~(11 .,1~(181.1..~ ~0..~10‬‬ ‫~‪~1111111‬‬ ‫‪~0110..,‬‬ ‫‪11(0‬‬ ‫‪.8021~,‬‬ ‫‪(100 1118 (188181(101,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪1(111)1 ~00(111(10.‬‬ ‫‪~10(111)1,‬‬ ‫‪1 ~01.110‬‬ ‫‪111(10~ (0)1 ~(1(011)1 ~0.. 111~1.. 10..,~,‬‬ ‫‪.,(111~0~~,‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪1.100~..81(10010‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫()()‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪111‬‬

‫‪011~~5.‬‬
‫‪~0~~1‬‬
‫‪0~1113110‬‬
‫‪11100511131 ~01111015‬‬
‫‪~310-1--~011310‬‬
‫‪~0~~1‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~011~~151011‬‬
‫‪~0~~1‬‬
‫‪101‬‬ ‫‪~0111101‬‬
‫‪~)(151~0‬‬

‫‪~1~~110111~5‬‬
‫~‪01 ~1~~111‬‬
‫~‪101111311‬‬
‫‪5~51~111 10 0013111‬‬
‫~~‪113‬‬
‫‪~0~~1‬‬
‫‪~~315,‬‬
‫~‪3 ~311301‬‬
‫‪1~~0101101112~0‬‬
‫‪3110 101 ~0111101 01 ~1~~111~311110101‬‬
‫‪~1~~110111~5‬‬ ‫‪~01110111~ ~0~~1,‬‬
‫‪101‬‬ ‫~‪~1~~111‬‬

‫‪~1~~110111~5,‬‬
‫‪1110101‬‬

‫~‪101111‬‬
‫‪111~ ~011~~~1‬‬
‫‪011~~5.‬‬
‫‪3110 ~0111101.‬‬
‫~~‪011‬‬
‫‪3110 11115 1~0 10 ~311~ 0~~~10~111~111‬‬
‫~~‪0~ ~0113‬‬
‫‪5~51~1115 3110‬‬

‫~‪~0111101 010‬‬
‫‪01 ~0~~1‬‬

‫‪~0111101‬‬
‫~‪01111‬‬
‫‪1110101‬‬
‫‪~0111101‬‬

‫‪0~315‬‬
‫‪101‬‬

‫~‪~1111 111~ 51~30~-5131‬‬ ‫‪3110 0~1131111~ ~11313~1~11511~5‬‬ ‫~‪01 ~105~0-100‬‬ ‫‪5~51~1115.‬‬ ‫‪~0~~1‬‬
‫‪0~315‬‬ ‫~‪~1111111~ 51311~ 311010131111‬‬ ‫‪~0~~1‬‬ ‫~‪~()01~111~111101111‬‬ ‫‪~~11~1311011,‬‬ ‫‪1131151111551011,‬‬
‫‪3110 0151110011011‬‬ ‫~‪01 ~1~~111‬‬ ‫‪~0~~1.‬‬ ‫‪~1~~110111~5‬‬ ‫‪0~31‬‬ ‫~‪~1111 111~ 50110-5131‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪3110 ~11~0115‬‬ ‫~‪101 51~1131 ~10~~55111‬‬ ‫‪10 111~~1 111~ 0~511~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111101‬‬ ‫‪00)~~11~~5.‬‬ ‫‪~0~€,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪€/€~(,011/~5‬‬ ‫~‪1113~ 0‬‬ ‫‪0~1111~0‬‬ ‫‪35 111~ 3~~11~3110115‬‬ ‫~‪01 50110-5131‬‬ ‫‪~1~~110111~5‬‬ ‫‪101‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~0111101‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~011~~151011‬‬ ‫~‪01 ~1~~111‬‬ ‫‪~0~~1.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪1111~11~13110115111‬‬ ‫‪01 ~0~~1‬‬ ‫‪~1~~-‬‬
‫‪110111~5 ~1111 ~0~~1,‬‬ ‫‪~1~~110111~5,‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~011110115‬‬ ‫‪5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪1-1.‬‬
‫‪~0~~1‬‬ ‫‪~1~~110111~5‬‬ ‫‪15 035~0‬‬ ‫~‪~111113111~ 011 111~ 5~11~11111~ 01111‬‬ ‫‪~0~~1‬‬ ‫‪5~1111~011-‬‬
‫‪00~101‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5.‬‬ ‫~‪~1111111‬‬ ‫‪0~~~10~111~111‬‬ ‫‪01 ~0~~1‬‬ ‫‪5~1111~01100~101‬‬ ‫‪1~~1111010~~,‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~‪~0~~1-1131101111‬‬ ‫‪~3~3011111~5‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 5~11~11111‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪01 111~ ~0~~1‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫~~‪113‬‬
‫‪1111~10~~0‬‬ ‫‪11~111~1100051~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪0~~~10~111~111‬‬ ‫‪01 1111~10~10~~55015/1111~10~0111~01~1‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪()0,,1,01‬‬
‫~‪,6.,,8~09 0(9~18‬‬
‫~‬

‫‪~0,,.,9,‬‬
‫‪~~9~1,0,,~~5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪()~,~(1(15‬‬ ‫‪9~(1~~,,,9,,1‬‬
‫‪09~~~95‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪5181(~ 80181~,,9‬‬
‫~‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪1~~1111010~)11135‬‬
‫(~~‪~0( 111~ ~0‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬
‫~(‪11010~)1 3110 3‬‬
‫‪~0111(015,‬‬
‫‪3 ~(~311111~3~1‬‬
‫(‪5~1111~01101.1~10‬‬
‫‪~1~~1(0111~5‬‬
‫~‪110‬‬
‫‪11~111 ~0111(015,‬‬
‫~~‪113‬‬
‫‪1.15~0 111 3 ~(~31‬‬
‫‪011 111~ ~0111(01‬‬
‫‪0~~1~~5.‬‬
‫‪31(~30)1‬‬

‫‪111010( ~0111(015,‬‬
‫‪~3(1~1)1‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬
‫‪3110 5)111111~512111~ 111~ ~0111(01‬‬

‫‪~01.1110 311 1111~0(13111‬‬

‫(~~‪0~ 111~11-~0‬‬
‫~~‪~13‬‬
‫‪~(001.1~15,‬‬
‫‪51.1~~11~5, ~~111~1~ ~(0~1.1151011‬‬
‫‪111 11100~(11‬‬
‫‪51(31~~)1‬‬

‫‪1~~11-‬‬
‫‪111~11.10111~11~31‬‬
‫‪5)151~1115,‬‬
‫~~‪3110111~11-~0113‬‬ ‫‪01(~~1-~1.1((~111‬‬ ‫)~‪(1-1~0‬‬ ‫‪5)151~1115.‬‬ ‫~‪1115 01~~1~1.11110 0(3‬‬ ‫‪111~ 001.1110-‬‬
‫‪3(1~5‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 3~~11~3110115‬‬ ‫(~~‪0~ ~0‬‬ ‫~‪~1~~1(0111~5‬‬ ‫‪~5~~~1311)1‬‬ ‫~‪~1111111‬‬ ‫‪~(~5~111‬‬ ‫‪1(~1105‬‬
‫‪111 111~ 0~~~10~111~111‬‬ ‫(~~‪0~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 1111~(0~(0~~550(5,‬‬ ‫(~~~‪111~ 1.1‬‬ ‫‪111111115 1.111-‬‬
‫‪0~1111~0.‬‬ ‫~‪1301‬‬ ‫‪1-1 5110~5‬‬ ‫‪50111~ 3~~11~3110115‬‬ ‫(~~‪0~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1(0111~5.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫(‪5111~~ 111~ ~1(51111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪0~ 5111~011-~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫(~‪(~~11~1‬‬ ‫)~‪(50‬‬ ‫‪~35‬‬ ‫‪0~~~10~~0‬‬ ‫~‪111 131‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1957,‬‬ ‫‪111~(~ 113~~ 0~~11‬‬ ‫‪1(~111~11001.15 30~311~~5‬‬ ‫(~~‪111 111~ ~0‬‬ ‫(‪5~1111~01101.1~10‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5.‬‬
‫‪0111111970,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~011~~111101131111)1(1510(51130‬‬ ‫(~~‪0~~11 ~)(~11.151~~1)11.15~0 ~0( ~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬
‫‪111 11101.151(131 3~~11~3110115.‬‬ ‫‪5111~~ 1970,‬‬ ‫‪~3(101.15‬‬ ‫(~~‪1)1~~5 0~ ~0‬‬ ‫(‪5~1111~01101.1~10‬‬ ‫‪0~-‬‬
‫~(~~ ‪~1~~5‬‬ ‫‪0~~~10~~0‬‬ ‫~‪3110 0~~3111‬‬ ‫‪~0111111~(~1311)1 3~311301~.‬‬ ‫~‪111~5‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ 01~10~0‬‬
‫‪0(0301)111110‬‬ ‫(~~‪~01.1( 1)1~~5~ (1) ~0‬‬ ‫‪0100~5,‬‬ ‫‪(2) 111)1(1510(5,‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫(‪01~013‬‬ ‫‪)1.111~11011‬‬
‫‪1(31151510(5‬‬ ‫‪(13115),‬‬ ‫)‪3110 (4‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~05~815.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬ ‫‪51.1001~10~0‬‬
‫)‪11110 5~~~11 1)1~~5~ (3‬‬ ‫‪~0(~~0-~01111111.1131~0‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1510(,‬‬ ‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪1111~-~01111111.1131~0 111)1(1510(,‬‬
‫~~‪(~) ~31~-11.1(11-0‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1510( ((110),‬‬ ‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(5~-~01101.1~1111‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1510( (~~1),‬‬ ‫~‪(~) 51311‬‬
‫(‪11101.1~11011 111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪(5111-1),‬‬ ‫)~(‬ ‫‪~31~-355151~0‬‬ ‫(‪11.1(11-0~~ 111)1(1510‬‬ ‫~‪((1‬‬ ‫‪11),‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫)~(‬

‫‪2‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪~0.,,~~((810‬‬ ‫‪~3~0~18‬‬
‫~‪~1~ (0001((0010‬‬ ‫‪~388‬‬ ‫‪1~308118‬‬
‫‪~1~(~311‬‬ ‫~~~‪(10‬‬ ‫‪811(1(111~8‬‬ ‫(~‪~~~(11~~-3‬‬ ‫‪)3~(1‬‬ ‫‪03113818‬‬
‫‪~13~~8‬‬ ‫~‪~1010‬‬
‫‪~(1(11130(~8‬‬ ‫‪~00~1‬‬ ‫‪1~3108‬‬
‫‪~11010‬‬ ‫‪3~(11111~~8‬‬ ‫~‪~010‬‬ ‫‪(001~018‬‬
‫~~~‪8311‬‬ ‫~~~~‪(113‬‬ ‫~‪~010‬‬ ‫‪0~1.,,~8‬‬
‫‪81~00~~8‬‬ ‫~‪~0.,,1‬‬ ‫‪(1~0)~(10~8‬‬

‫‪810~~~8‬‬ ‫~‪~11(1~3‬‬ ‫~‪~~3(10‬‬ ‫‪(001~01‬‬ ‫‪~00‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪8011~~8‬‬ ‫~‪011 ~~11 0~11110‬‬
‫‪811~~13~ 313~~8‬‬ ‫‪0.,,~0 (001~018‬‬

‫‪~~~~01‬‬ ‫‪/(110‬‬ ‫‪~3(1~~ ~1118‬‬

‫‪~11~~1(31‬‬ ‫~‪(1~0(~8810‬‬ ‫~‪~3~(((1‬‬ ‫‪3((~1~~310~8‬‬

‫‪00111~8‬‬ ‫‪0~~~~8‬‬ ‫~‪~~0(11‬‬ ‫‪~0.,,~~8‬‬

‫‪~0~(1111~~8‬‬ ‫‪~11000~~3(1118‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~00.,,~~~~8‬‬ ‫‪~11010(0(11~8‬‬
‫‪~~30~8‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪1101818‬‬ ‫(‪~11010~~3(1111‬‬ ‫‪811(1(111~8‬‬
‫‪))1~~~~8‬‬ ‫~~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪811(1(111~8‬‬
‫‪))18(113~8‬‬ ‫~‪~~10110‬‬ ‫‪(1~~88‬‬
‫(‪~1~(1~1‬‬ ‫‪0130/(~18‬‬ ‫‪~11~(18‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪(0~(1~~880~8‬‬
‫(‪~1~(1~1‬‬ ‫~‪000‬‬ ‫‪0(1~0~~8‬‬ ‫~‪~303~/8003‬‬ ‫~~~‪(10‬‬ ‫‪811(1(111~8‬‬
‫(‪~1~(1~1‬‬ ‫‪0~~~~8‬‬ ‫~~‪~30‬‬ ‫‪811~13(~ 11011‬‬
‫(‪~1~(1~1‬‬ ‫‪1308‬‬ ‫‪~~1~1~~~310~8‬‬
‫(‪~1~(1~1‬‬ ‫‪.,,~111(1~8‬‬ ‫‪~~~111310~8‬‬
‫‪~1~(1~0~3~0~18‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪3~(11111~~8‬‬
‫‪~)~(1~0~~(11301(31‬‬ ‫~‪~1~(1~0(113110‬‬ ‫‪5~(11~11~ 8~81~~8‬‬
‫(‪~1~(1~001‬‬ ‫‪1~011100‬‬ ‫‪5~~.,,0 8~81~~8‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫(((‪~1~(1~0813‬‬
‫‪~)~.,,310~8‬‬
‫‪~308‬‬
‫‪~13811~~8‬‬
‫‪~000‬‬
‫‪~000‬‬
‫‪~1)(~~8‬‬
‫~~~~‪~3‬‬
‫‪~0~/(1111 1~11(/(8‬‬
‫‪(1~~(1(111310~8‬‬

‫‪1~3~8‬‬
‫~‪5~~10‬‬
‫~~~‪5013~ (10‬‬
‫~‪50110-8131‬‬
‫‪~3(1110~8‬‬

‫‪50110-8131~ ~~13~8‬‬
‫‪811(1(111~8‬‬
‫‪(0013(10~8‬‬

‫‪5(13(~ (10~~~ 811(1(111~8‬‬

‫‪51311( (1~(1111 0~~3/(~~8‬‬
‫‪51311( ~~13~8‬‬
‫‪~11~03(~8‬‬ ‫‪51~~1 ~1118‬‬
‫‪()3~~8‬‬ ‫‪5~0(11~000118‬‬ ‫~‪~3(1110‬‬ ‫~‪813~110‬‬
‫~~‪()3~3‬‬ ‫‪000~ 0(1~0~~8‬‬ ‫(((~‪5~0111‬‬ ‫‪110~~8‬‬
‫~‪()38 111~010~ 813~110‬‬ ‫‪1~1~.,,18100‬‬ ‫‪(1~(11118‬‬
‫~‪()~0~~310‬‬ ‫‪~)((11~~8‬‬ ‫~~‪1~~(1~~3111‬‬ ‫‪(001~018‬‬
‫‪()~100~~8‬‬ ‫‪11~~~8‬‬
‫‪11300‬‬ ‫~~~‪(10‬‬ ‫‪10018‬‬ ‫‪10~8‬‬
‫‪11~31 (001~018‬‬ ‫(‪1~3111‬‬ ‫‪81~031 (001~018‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪111~11-1~~()11~0(~ 11~11((0‬‬ ‫‪1~3108‬‬
‫)~))~‪111~11-.,,0113~~ 0( (11‬‬ ‫~‪1‬‬ ‫‪0~11~(11008‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(0011(1100‬‬ ‫~‪11~3110‬‬ ‫(‪011~38001‬‬ ‫‪~~0~~310~8‬‬

‫~~~‪1..38~~ (10‬‬ ‫‪811(1(111~8‬‬ ‫~‪00101~~~11(11101‬‬ ‫~~~‪(10‬‬ ‫‪811(1(111~8‬‬
‫‪1..31(1110~ ~~13~8‬‬ ‫~‪~3(1111‬‬ ‫‪(1~30~~8‬‬
‫‪1..1~111 01~~~~8‬‬ ‫~~ ~‬ ‫‪(0~(1~0831100‬‬
‫‪1..1~111 113811~~8‬‬ ‫~‪~ ~0010‬‬ ‫‪~3(1110~8‬‬
‫‪1..10~3~ 10011(1100‬‬ ‫~‪~010‬‬ ‫‪(001~018‬‬ ‫~‪~1..‬‬ ‫‪1~308~111~~8‬‬
‫‪1..0(0~011.,,~8‬‬ ‫~~‪~ 0113‬‬ ‫‪~~~111310~8‬‬
‫~‪~3(1110‬‬ ‫‪10018‬‬ ‫~‪~381110‬‬ ‫‪~3~1110~8‬‬
‫(‪~3~0~11‬‬ ‫‪~~(0~010~8‬‬ ‫~‪~~1010‬‬

‫‪5011~(~ ~ ~~1.‬‬ ‫‪5.‬‬

‫‪58~. 1-2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪11~01-3~11~31~0 5111~00-~001(011~0‬‬ ‫‪(~~11~1~( (1-~5~~).‬‬ ‫‪51311~ 10011~1100 1(3051510(5‬‬

‫‪3(~ 3150 ~0111111~(~1311)13~311301~.‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪0100~5 3(~ 0~ 10(~~ 1)1.,~5~ ~~0~(31 .,11(.,05~5, 01~0 5.,~~0 (0( ~351 (~-‬‬
‫‪~0~~()1), 300 5~0011~)1.‬‬ ‫~‪(1~0~(31-.,11(.,05‬‬ ‫‪0100~5 3(~ 3~311301~ 11~ 10 3000 ~, 3500‬‬
‫‪~, 30010~ (3110~ 0~~351-(~~0~~()10100~5‬‬ ‫‪~30 ~011., 10 3000~,‬‬ ‫‪1000~.‬‬ ‫~‪10~ (~~~(5‬‬
‫‪(~~0~~()111111~ ~3(1~5 0~1~~~0 0.1 300 5 ,..,.,5. 10~ ~351-(~~0~~()1 0100~5 3(~ ~55~01131‬‬
‫(~~‪~0( 01~0-~(~()11~0~)1 5~11~010~ 0~ .,0‬‬ ‫‪~00~~(1~(5.‬‬ ‫‪~ 0100~ 035 1~0 1~(11110315~ 3‬‬
‫‪~31000~ 300 30 3000~.‬‬ ‫‪5~0011/()1 0100~5 03~~ 10~ 00-5131~ ~0113~~ 300 ~~()1 5111311‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(~~0~~()1 11111~, 1)1~1~311)1 03005~~0005.‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 1~3/(3~~ ~11((~01 10~(~35~5 ~110 10‬‬
‫‪~0113~~ (3110~ 300 10~1( (3110~5 3(~ 1111111~010 100 ~, 300~.‬‬ ‫‪~ 0100~ ~00011~15‬‬
‫‪~0~0 115 3000~ ~0113~~ 15 01~0~( 1030 1031 0~ 10~ ~31000~~ 300 10~ ~0(~3(0‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬
‫‪0(0~ 0~ 3 .,0~~( 0100~ 15 ~~)110~, 1)1~1~311)10.5 300 1.2 ~.‬‬ ‫~~‪1~ 10~ ~31000~ ~0113‬‬
‫(~‪15 01~0‬‬ ‫~‪1030 115 3000‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪3 0100~ 15 5310 10 0~ 10 3 0/0~/(1118 11100-~.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~11‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪1-2 500~5 ~3(10115 ~0011~11(311005 0~ ~~0~(31-~11(.,05‬‬ ‫‪0100~5, ~01~0 0351~311)1 ~311‬‬
‫‪1010 1~0 1)1.,~5. 00~ 15 ~311~0 3 5(/10- 0( 5(/10--1110/111(~0-1)1~~ 300 10~ 010~( 15 ~311~0‬‬
‫~‪3 0-15/( 0( ~,~55 ~(1/( 0( /10~/(~)1 ~/1~/( 1)1.,~. 10 3 51110-11101101~0 1)1~~, ~110~( 10~ 3000‬‬
‫‪0( 10~ ~31000~ ~01110 0~ 10~ 51110.‬‬
‫‪~ 10)1(1510( 035 10(~~ 1~(11110315~ 30 3000~, 3 ~31000~,‬‬ ‫‪300 3 ~31~.‬‬ ‫‪~0~0‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪5111311~11((~0115 .,355~0 10(011~010~ ~31~ 1~(111103110 ~31000~, 10~ 10)1(1510( ~00011~15,‬‬
‫‪.,(0~10~0‬‬ ‫‪103110~ 3000~ 1~(111103115 31 3 01~0~( ~01~011311030‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~31000~.‬‬ ‫~~‪00‬‬
‫‪310)1(1510(1510‬‬ ‫(‪3 ~00011~1100 11100~, 10~ ~31~ ~1(~1111035 00 ~001(01 300 10~ 10)1(1510‬‬
‫‪~0011011~5 10 ~00011~1.‬‬ ‫‪~0~0‬‬ ‫‪3 10)1(1510( 15 10 3 ~00011~1100 11100~, 10~ ~0(~3(0‬‬
‫‪~0113~~ 0(0., 15 ~~()1 5111311, 1)1.,1~311)10.5 10 2~.‬‬ ‫~‪~ ~00011~110~ 10)1(1510( ~30 0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪111(0~0 0~~ 0)11113/(10~ 10~ .,01~01131 0~ 10~ 3000~ ~()113110 0( 1~55 1030 10~ ~31000‬‬
‫‪.,01~01131.‬‬ ‫‪10~ 110~-~011111111131~0 10)1(1510(5 3(~ 111(0~0 0~~ 011~ 10 10~ 51011501031‬‬
‫‪03111(~ 0~ 10~ 10.,111 ~0113~~, 300 ~0(~~0-~011111111131~0 10)1(1510(5 3(~ 111(0~0 0~~ 0)1‬‬
‫‪30 ~)(1(3 ~1(~1111 ~311~0 ~0111111/1((1(1011~1,~/11(,)1. ~1~11(~ 1-3 500~5 ~3(10115 ~00~1~11-‬‬
‫‪(311005 0~ .,035~ ~001(01 (0( 110~-~011111111131~0) 10)1(1510(5~ 51110, 00~/(~)1 .,11~/(, 031,‬‬
‫‪300 .,105 1)1.,~5.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫~‪...)~0..~ 1-2 ~3..1005 ~~/1~..31-))0..))05‬‬
‫‪0100~ ~0/111~0..3(10/15. (~011~(~5~ 0/‬‬
‫)‪~0101~~~~, 1/1~.‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪..1~11..~ 1.3‬‬ ‫‪~3..10115‬‬ ‫‪111~..1510.. ~011~1811..3-‬‬
‫‪110115.‬‬ ‫‪(~0/./,(~5)1‬‬ ‫‪0/ 110~~,~~,‬‬ ‫)‪1/1~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~310(31‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪110~-~011111111131~0‬‬ ‫‪111~(1810(8‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫~‪3~311301‬‬ ‫‪~1111 (3110~8‬‬ ‫‪11., 10 2500‬‬
‫‪~, 4000 ~ (300 5000~,‬‬ ‫‪2500 ~).‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (~1.,1-0././(1111‬‬
‫~‪0~ 111~11-8.,~~0(~~~(8~-010~~10‬‬
‫‪111~(1810(8 113~~ 0~~0‬‬ ‫‪1111.,(0~~0 800813011311~ 300 11 18 .,088101~ 10 113~~ 10 10 20 /.1-8‬‬
‫‪10 3 1200-~,‬‬ ‫~‪2000-‬‬ ‫‪111~(1810(. 111~ (~1.,1-0././ (1111~18 0~~10~0 38 111~ 11111~101~(~31‬‬
‫‪0~1~~~0 111~1081301 ~11~0 111~.,(10~1.,31 ~11((~011138 0~~(~38~0 10 2~(0 3~1~( ~)(1~(031‬‬
‫‪8~11~1110~ 0~ 111~ .,(10~1.,31 ~0113~~ ~1(~011, 300 111~ 1081301 ~11~0 111~ 111~(1810( 18‬‬
‫‪~3.,301~ 0~ 811.,.,0(110~ 3 8.,~~1~1~0 .,(10~1.,31 ~0113~~ ~1111011110(010~ 00 (2).‬‬ ‫‪~~18‬‬
‫‪300 0~ 118 3(~ ~10~1~ 118~0 ~0( 111~11-8.,~~0 8~11~1110~, ~8.,~~1311~ 10 1(3~1100 3.,.,11-‬‬
‫‪~311008.‬‬ ‫‪~0 ~~1‬‬ ‫‪~30 0~ ~00810~(~0‬‬ ‫‪38 3 111~(1810( ~1111 30 10~~(8~-.,3(311~1 0100~.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~~18‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 3~311301~ 0., 10 2500 ~, 1000 ~ (300 400 ~ 10 (~~~(8~ ~00011~1100) ~1111‬‬
‫‪3 8~11~1110~ 11111~0~ 40 /.1-8. 0~ 118 3(~ 3~311301~ 0., 10 1200 ~, 400 ~ ~1111 3‬‬
‫‪8~11~1110~ 8.,~~0 0~ 8 /.1-8. 1.,~5~~8,‬‬
‫‪~11113 8~11~1110~ 8.,~~0 0~ 20010400‬‬
‫‪~8.,~~1311~ 10 1-(~0~.‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0( 10~-.,0‬‬
‫‪~111~11 3(~ 3~311301~ 11., 10 6000 ~, 1500 ~,‬‬
‫‪/.1-8,3(~ 81111301~ ~0( 111~11-~0113~~ .,0~~( 8~81~1118,‬‬
‫‪3~ 3.,.,11~311008, 1~1~~8‬‬ ‫‪3(~ ~10~1~ 08~0 10‬‬
‫‪3111~.,~8 0~ 81111.,1~ 11~31 ~001(018, 11~111~001(018, 111010( ~001(018, 300 3~ 8~11~11~8.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~113(3~1~(1811~8 0~ 1~1~~8‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 81111113(10 1~0 111~(1810(8 ~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 10~~(8‬‬
‫~~‪.,3(311~1 300 113~10~ 001~ 00~ ~31~ 1~(1111031. 111~ ~0((~01 ~0~ 111(011~11 3 1~1‬‬
‫‪~30 0~ ~001(011~0 10 ~1111~( 01(~~1100.‬‬
‫‪0108300‬‬ ‫‪5111-(8 3(~ 8~1~-10(0~0-0~~ 111~(1810(8. 0108300‬‬ ‫‪5111-(8 3(~ 10(0~0‬‬
‫‪00 0~ 3.,.,1~10~ 3 8110(1 .,08111~~ .,018~ 10 111~ ~31~8 300 3(~ 111(0~0 0~~ 0~ 111~ 3.,.,11-‬‬
‫‪~311008 0~ 8110(1 0~~311~~ .,018~ 10 111~~31~8. 111~~ 00 001 (~~01(~ 30~ ~01111110131100‬‬
‫‪~1(~1111. 0108‬‬ ‫‪3(~ ~~(~ 311(3~11~~ ~0( ~0(~~0 ~01111110131100 0~ ~00~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫~(‪300 3‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪3~311301~ 0., 10 2500 ~, 1000~.‬‬ ‫‪5111-(8 3(~ ~)(.,~~1~0 10 0~ 3.,.,11~0 ~0( 111~0111111-‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫(~~‪.,0‬‬ ‫‪~00~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫‪~1111 3 ~(~~11~0~~ 0~ 8~~~(31 111100(~0 ~11011~(12 300 0~~000‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~(~~0~0~~ (30~~ 0~ 0108.‬‬ ‫‪~1~0(~ 1-4 8110~8 ~3(10118 ~00~1~11(311008 0~ 0108.‬‬
‫(‪1-(1~11-.,0~~( 01.,013‬‬ ‫‪1(3081810(8 3(~ ~0111111001~ 118~0 10 .,0~~( ~00~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫‪31 3‬‬
‫‪~(~~11~0~~ 0~10~ 10 ~1-(2 300 3(~ ~~~~~11~~1~ 3.,.,11~0 10 111~ .,0~~( (3110~8 11., 10 100‬‬
‫‪~~ 300 1000~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~3(10118 ~00~1~11(311008 0~ 01.,013( .,0~~( 1(3081810(8 3(~ 8110~11‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~. 13-2.‬‬ ‫‪~ 01.,013( 1(3081810( 1138111(~~ 1~(11110318~ 038~, ~111111~(, 300 ~011~~10(.‬‬
‫‪1118 00(111311~ 0.,~(31~0 38 3 8~11~1110 111~ ~011111100-~111111~(~00~1~11(31100.‬‬ ‫~‪~8 100‬‬
‫~~~ ‪38 111~ 038~ 0~ 30‬‬ ‫~‪1(3081810( 18 31 3 111~11~( .,01~01131 11130 111~ ~111111~( 300 111‬‬

‫‪58~. 1-2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪))100~5‬‬

‫((‪~~0..(~0-10..0~0-0‬‬
‫‪~~111~..1510..5‬‬

‫‪~1~1~~5‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~~‪1‬‬

‫‪(1~0~..31‬‬
‫‪~~1-11~11‬‬

‫~~‪~5~11011‬‬

‫‪1-11~115~~~0‬‬

‫‪~(1~11‬‬
‫‪5~~~0‬‬

‫~‪~~~.,,~..5‬‬

‫‪~1--1~111‬‬
‫‪1..1~~~..~0‬‬
‫~‪~0..~05‬‬

‫~‪~~.,,~..5~010~~10‬‬

‫~‪010~~10‬‬
‫~‪~~~.,,~..5~~0000(110‬‬
‫‪~0113~~/~0....~01‬‬

‫‪3000‬‬
‫‪3000‬‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫‪3000‬‬
‫‪1200‬‬
‫~‪..3110‬‬

‫‪2500 ~/400‬‬

‫‪1200 ~/400‬‬
‫‪6000‬‬
‫‪1200‬‬
‫‪~/3500‬‬
‫‪~/1000‬‬
‫‪~/60‬‬
‫‪~/1000‬‬
‫‪~/1500‬‬

‫‪2500 ~/1000 ~/~400‬‬

‫‪~/1500‬‬
‫‪~/300‬‬
‫‪..1~0..~ 1-4 (131~-10..0-0(( 111~..1510..5.‬‬
‫)‪(~0/17(€$)/ 0/ /,,(€7,,(1(/0,,(1/ 8.€~(///€7‬‬

‫~‪5~11~1110‬‬
‫)‪11~~ (~5‬‬

‫‪~2-5‬‬
‫‪~0.23‬‬
‫‪~400‬‬
‫‪~20‬‬
‫‪~40‬‬
‫‪~40‬‬
‫‪~8‬‬
‫‪~200-400‬‬
‫‪00 .,,0113~~/~0....~01‬‬

‫‪~1.6 ~/10‬‬

‫‪0.58‬‬
‫‪2.5‬‬
‫‪2.1‬‬
‫‪2.7‬‬
‫‪2.1‬‬
‫‪2.8‬‬
‫‪2.4‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪~/3000‬‬
‫‪~/60‬‬
‫‪~/10‬‬
‫‪~/4500‬‬
‫‪~/1250‬‬
‫‪~/1000‬‬
‫‪~/1250‬‬
‫‪~/4500‬‬
‫‪~1.5 ~/420‬‬
‫((‪~5~1(-10..0~0-0‬‬ ‫‪(110‬‬ ‫‪3600‬‬ ‫‪~/600‬‬ ‫‪~25‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬ ‫‪~/1000‬‬
‫‪~111~..1510..5‬‬ ‫‪5111-1‬‬ ‫‪4000‬‬ ‫‪~/2200‬‬ ‫‪~6.5‬‬ ‫‪2.3‬‬ ‫‪~/400‬‬
‫‪~~0~~.. 1..3051510..5‬‬ ‫~‪510~1‬‬ ‫‪400 ~/250‬‬ ‫‪~9‬‬ ‫‪1 ~/250‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~400 ~/40‬‬ ‫‪~6‬‬ ‫‪1.5 ~/49‬‬
‫‪~630 ~/50‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~1.7‬‬ ‫‪0.3 ~/20‬‬

‫‪~))3..110~100‬‬ ‫‪900‬‬ ‫‪~/200‬‬ ‫‪~40‬‬ ‫~‪2‬‬
‫‪5115‬‬ ‫‪1200‬‬ ‫‪~/10‬‬ ‫‪~0.55‬‬ ‫‪1.211‬‬
‫‪~0~~.. ~05~~15‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪~/8.6‬‬ ‫‪~0.7‬‬ ‫‪0.6‬‬
‫‪1000‬‬ ‫‪~/4.7‬‬ ‫‪~0.9‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪~/10‬‬ ‫‪~0.6‬‬ ‫‪0.40‬‬
‫‪50/17~€..‬‬ ‫‪~~(.3.‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪08~~~85‬‬ ‫‪8~~00,5‬‬ ‫‪~,,8.~8.~/8~~5/~~5‬‬

‫‪,,,‬‬ ‫‪,0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~~10‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪~,,.,,,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0~008‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~4‬‬ ‫‪~,,.,,,‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪~,,‬‬ ‫‪88./8 /~~998~80‬‬

‫~‪.,,~~~5/0‬‬ ‫‪,,,‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪~,,‬‬ ‫‪~8‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪~,,.,,,‬‬
‫(‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~~8‬‬ ‫‪~,,‬‬ ‫‪)8./8 /~~998~80‬‬
‫‪~,,‬‬ ‫_‪1‬‬
‫‪8.0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~,,.,,,‬‬
‫‪,,,‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫(~‬
‫‪,,,‬‬ ‫‪88./8 /~~998~80‬‬

‫~‪.~~,,,‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪~,,‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬
‫‪,--‬‬
‫‪1/‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪,,8‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪,,,‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪~8‬‬ ‫‪88./8/~~998~80‬‬

‫‪~~,,‬‬ ‫‪~88./8 /~~998~80‬‬

‫‪,,,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~~‪(..,,,8‬‬

‫‪~~~8.).‬‬
‫‪0--‬‬ ‫~‪.‬‬
‫‪~,,‬‬

‫‪8~0‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫~~‪,‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~/‬‬

‫‪180 ~80~~81‬‬
‫‪~,,.,,,‬‬

‫~‪.,‬‬ ‫‪~81‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪~~~/80‬‬
‫‪~~~8~~,0‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪~80~ ~~1‬‬
‫‪~~~8.).‬‬ ‫‪~/‬‬
‫~‪~8‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪~~0‬‬
‫‪~~~~,11,,‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~(351‬‬
‫~‪~-~,,8.008‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~(351~~(350‬‬
‫‪~08~~.‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪~(350‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬
‫‪~8‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~(351‬‬
‫‪~-~,,8.0081‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪~(351..(~(35‬‬
‫‪~08~~.‬‬ ‫‪~(350‬‬
‫‪~~8‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬

‫‪58~. ,-2‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪035~ ~0((~0115 50111~1~011)113(~~ 10 0(1~~ 111~ 1(3051510( 10 111~ 5310(31100‬‬ ‫~‪(~~100, 111‬‬
‫‪1(3051510( (~013105 00, .,(0~10~0‬‬ ‫‪11131 111~ ~011~~10(-10-~01111~( )00~1100‬‬ ‫‪15 .,(0.,~(1)1‬‬
‫‪0135~0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪0(0., 01 3 ~0000~110~ 1(3051510( 15 10 111~ (30~~ 0.5 10 1.5 ~.‬‬
‫‪11111~ 035~ 0(1~~ ~01138~ 15 ~11110(3~0,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1(3051510( (~01(11118 111111~11011~011011~11011‬‬
‫‪(0( 0(1) 0100~.‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~05~~15‬‬ ‫(~~‪3(~ 115~0 10 111~11-5.,~~0 .,0‬‬ ‫‪~00~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫~‪300 3(~ 3~311301‬‬
‫~~‪31 3 (~1311~~1)110~ .,0~~( (3110~ 10 111~ (30~~ 011000 ~, 50 ~ 31 3 1(~~11~0~)1 (30‬‬
‫(~~‪01 5~~~(31 1~05 01 ~11011~(12. 111~ ~3(1005 .,0‬‬ ‫‪~05~~15‬‬ ‫~(‪01 0111~(~01 512~5 3‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪5110~0 10 ~1~. 13-22.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ (3110~5 01 ~00101~(~1311)1 3~311301~ .,0~~( 5~011~00011~10‬‬
‫‪0~~1~~5 3(~ 5110~0 10 1301~ 1-2, ~11~(~ 111~ 00-~0113~~ 15 111~ 00-5131~ ~0113~~ 0(0.,‬‬
‫‪01111~ 0~~1~~ 31111~ 5.,~~111~0 ~0((~01.‬‬ ‫‪1301~ 1-3 5110~5 111~ 11-/ ~113(3~1~(1511~5 300‬‬
‫(‪111~ 5)1010015 01 ~00101001)1 05~0 .,0~~( 5~011~0000~10‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5.‬‬

‫(~~‪111~ .,0‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~3~~10(015‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(‪5~011~0000~10‬‬

‫(‪111~ .,0~~( 5~011~0000~10‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬
‫‪00~001(011~0‬‬
‫‪~001(011~0‬‬
‫‪~001(011~0‬‬
‫‪~001100005‬‬
‫‪0~~1~~5 ~30 0~ 0.,~(31~0‬‬

‫‪5~11~1110~ 0~~1~~5.‬‬

‫)~‪10(0 00 300 011 (~.~., 0100‬‬

‫‪35 5~11~11~5 0)1 3.,.,1)110~ ~001(01‬‬
‫‪51~0315 10 111~ ~31~ 1~(011031 0(111)1(1510(5 (300 10 111~ 035~ 01 01.,013( 1(3051510(5).‬‬
‫‪111~ (~~01(~0 001.,0115 001310~0 0)1 ~3()110~ 111~ ~0000~1100‬‬
‫‪0~~1~~5.‬‬
‫~‪1101~ 01111~5~ 5~11~1110‬‬
‫‪~1~0(~ 1-5 5110~5 111~ 001.,01 ~0113~~5 300 ~001(01 ~113(3~1~(1511~5 01 ~001-‬‬
‫(~~‪01001)1 05~0 .,0‬‬ ‫‪00~~ 3 111)1(1510( 15 10 3 ~0000~1100‬‬ ‫‪0100~,‬‬
‫‪111~ ~31~ 51~031 01 ~1111~( .,05111~~ 0( 0~~311~~ 013~01100~ 1135 00 ~11~~1 300 1111515‬‬
‫‪5110~010 ~1~. 1-53.‬‬ ‫(‪~11~0 3 .,0~~( 5~011~0000~10‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~ 1510 3 00(0131 ~0000~1100‬‬
‫‪0100~, 111~(~ 15 3 501311 ~0113~~ 0(0., 3~(055 111~ 0~~1~~.‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~. 1-5, 111~5~ ~0113~~ 0(0.,5 3(~ ~00510~(~0‬‬
‫~~‪10 111~ 001.,01 ~0113‬‬
‫‪0~~11~101~, 300 001~55‬‬
‫‪5.,~~111~0, 11115355001.,1100 15 0130~ 111(00~11001 111~ 10110~10~ ~113.,1~(5.‬‬
‫~‪5~11~1110~ 0~~1~~5 ~30 0~ ~1355111~0 00 111~ 03515 01‬‬

‫)~‪10(0 00 300 110~001(011~0 111(0 011 (~.~., 50‬‬

‫‪10(0 00 300 011 ~113(3~1~(1511~5 (~.~., 811, ~05~~1,‬‬
‫‪~31~ 51~031 (~~01(~01~01‬‬
‫‪~015~ ~31~ (~~01(~01~01‬‬ ‫‪(~.~., 50~,‬‬
‫‪(811,‬‬
‫)‪(10‬‬
‫)‪~05~~1‬‬
‫)‪(10‬‬

‫‪6.‬‬ ‫~‪81.,013( ~0113~~-~11115130010‬‬ ‫)‪~3.,(01111)1 (50~.‬‬

‫‪7.‬‬ ‫(‪001.,013‬‬ ‫~‪~0113~~-~11115130010‬‬ ‫‪~3.,(01111)1 (811,‬‬ ‫‪~05~~1,‬‬ ‫)‪(10‬‬
‫‪8.‬‬ ‫‪8101(~~110031 ~0((~01 ~3.,(01111)1 (1~1~~,‬‬ ‫)‪~~1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪9.‬‬ ‫‪00101(~~110031‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01 ~(1.,301111)1 (5~~,‬‬ ‫‪010,‬‬ ‫‪811, ~05~~1,‬‬ ‫)~‪0100‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~001(01‬‬ ‫(~~‪01 ~1~~1(1~ .,0‬‬ ‫(~~‪0( .,0‬‬ ‫‪~0001110010~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~00~~(5100‬‬ ‫~‪01 ~1~~1(1‬‬
‫(~~‪.,0‬‬ ‫‪1(001 00~ 10(01 10 300111~( 15 0~~~553()1‬‬ ‫‪300 111~ 5~11~1110~ ~113(3~1~(1511~5 01‬‬
‫(~~‪111~ .,0‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5 .,~(0111111~5~ ~00~~(51005.‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ 51311~ .,0‬‬ ‫‪~00~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪.,~(10(01‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪1/9‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~9‬‬

‫~‪.~~~~5.0‬‬ ‫‪1/0‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬
‫‪+1~.‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫~‪1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪(8) .~~~~5.0‬‬ ‫~~‪51/,/~.‬‬

‫‪1/9‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫‪-1‬‬ ‫‪-------‬‬
‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪1/0‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬

‫‪1~.‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫~‪1‬‬
‫‪(0) 0.0‬‬ ‫~~‪91/,/,.‬‬
‫‪.,‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪1/8‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪1~.‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪~~5‬‬
‫‪1/0‬‬
‫‪.1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫~‪1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫~‪(~) .~8~5~5.0‬‬ ‫~~‪51/,/~.‬‬
‫‪.1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪+0‬‬

‫‪~1/95‬‬

‫~‪+‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬ ‫_‪~8‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1/0‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪.1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫)~(‬ ‫‪~08~,,,.‬‬ ‫~~‪51/,/~.‬‬

‫‪~)~(1..~1-5‬‬ ‫(~~‪~011.(01 ~11~(~~1~(15(/~50( .,0‬‬ ‫‪5~11~11111~0~1/1~~5.‬‬

‫‪58~. ,-4‬‬ ‫‪,.~~85‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫(‪~0~8‬‬ ‫‪~~8~1(0(11~(~(~0~15‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0~0~80,‬‬ ‫‪,.,.‬‬
‫‪~2..‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~....5~~,.,.‬‬
‫= ‪1..,.‬‬
‫_~~‬
‫‪~08~ ~85,5.8~~8‬‬ ‫~~‪-‬‬

‫‪~3‬‬
‫~~~~~‪5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪..,0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪~+‬‬
‫‪~~~.‬‬
‫‪..,0‬‬
‫‪~1,.‬‬
‫‪~~~,.,.‬‬
‫‪0,0~8 02‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪2..‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(8‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~~.‬‬
‫~‪~~89~8‬‬ ‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪~0~.898..,,,8..,810~~5‬‬

‫(~~‪111~5~ 11111~11011501 ()0‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(510115. ~ ~011~~(1~( (11(1~0~ ~011510~(~0 (15 (1 5~11~11-‬‬

‫(~~‪111~ (11(11(1)(. 111~ ()0‬‬ ‫~‪~1~~1(0111~5 ~1(~11115~(1110~ ~1(155111~0 11110 51)( 1~()~5‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪0100~ (~~1111~(5‬‬

‫‪2.‬‬ ‫)‪(1~-0~ ~011~~(1~(5 (~0111(011~0 (~~1111~(5‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫)‪(1~-(1~ ~011~~(1~(5 ((1~ ~011(1~~ ~0111(011~(5‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫)‪0~-0~ ~011~~(1~(5 (0~ ~110()()~(5‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪5.‬‬
‫‪6.‬‬
‫)‪0~-(1~ ~011~~(1~(5 (111~~(1~(5‬‬
‫‪51(111~ 5~11~11~5‬‬

‫‪~9~1.1.9,.5.‬‬
‫‪(1~~ (1110 15 5110~11‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬
‫~‪0100‬‬
‫‪1-6.‬‬
‫(~‪(~~1111‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~1(~1111 ~011~~(15‬‬
‫~~‪111()111 ~011(1‬‬
‫~~‪(1~ ~011(1‬‬
‫(~‪10 111~ ~011~~(1‬‬
‫‪11110 (111)(~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~011-‬‬
‫(~‪~01110 0~ ~1111‬‬
‫(‪5111~1~-()11(15~ 0‬‬ ‫‪111(~~-()11(15~.‬‬

‫~~‪8~-‬‬ ‫‪~00~9~9,.5.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫(~‪5111~1~-()11(15~ ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪~11111~0‬‬ ‫‪11(1111((11~0(11(11111(11~0‬‬

‫‪111~(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪1-7.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪(1~~((1‬‬ ‫~‪~(1111~ 01111‬‬ ‫~~‪0111()111 ~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪~(111 0‬‬
‫‪~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~(1(~111~ 111~ ~011011~11011 11(11~ 01111~(1510(5.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪111()111 ~01110‬‬ ‫‪0~ (1‬‬
‫‪5111~1~ 0( 111(~~-()11(15~ 5011(~~.‬‬ ‫‪111~5~ ~011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ (1150 /(110~11‬‬ ‫‪(15 ~0111,0//~0.‬‬ ‫‪,~~-‬‬
‫‪11//~,5.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪8~-8‬‬ ‫‪~00~9~9,.5.‬‬ ‫~‪111~5‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 115~010‬‬ ‫‪001(1111 (1 ~(1(1(101~ (1~ 0111()111‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪1(0(11 (111)(~0‬‬ ‫~~(‪(1~ 5011‬‬ ‫(~‪(1110 (1 5111~1~-()11(15~ ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫~~‪~1111 (11~1‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~11‬‬
‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪1-8.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 0111()111 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪15 ~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~(1(~111~ 111~ ~011011~11011‬‬ ‫‪11111~ 01 (1‬‬
‫‪1~1~~.‬‬ ‫~‪111~5‬‬ ‫‪1~()~5‬‬ ‫‪01 ~011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ (1150 /(110~11‬‬ ‫~~‪(15 (1~ ~0/1(1‬‬ ‫‪~0111,0//~,5.‬‬

‫~~‪~~-‬‬ ‫‪~00~9~9,.5.‬‬ ‫~‪~ 0~-0‬‬ ‫(~‪~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪15 (1150 /(110~11 (15 (1 ~/10/1/1~,‬‬ ‫‪0( 5~/1~/1-‬‬
‫‪/11~ ,~~/1/(110,‬‬ ‫(‪(1110 (1 1((11151510‬‬ ‫(~)()(‪~110‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪1-9.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪(1~~((1‬‬ ‫‪0111()111‬‬
‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪15 ~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~(1(~111~ 111~ ~011011~11011 011((11151510(,‬‬ ‫‪11.‬‬ ‫‪11115‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~110()()111‬‬
‫‪()~(100,‬‬ ‫‪111~1111‬‬ ‫‪81.‬‬ ‫‪8 15 ~(111~0 (15 111~ 0.(11)1 ~)1~/~ 01 ~110()()~(.‬‬
‫=‬

‫‪10‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪0,/.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪,,‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫___ __ _‪-~,,, _1..‬‬
‫‪0,/0‬‬
‫~‬
‫(‬
‫‪~,,,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫~‪~0~~~5~0‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫~~~‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(8) 8~~~~1~ ~~89~8/11‬‬ ‫‪(~) ~0~~898‬‬ ‫‪,80,/810~/115‬‬

‫~‪~~-8‬‬ ‫‪~0.,~8~8,.5.‬‬ ‫(~‪~ 0~-~~ ~00~~(1‬‬ ‫‪15 ~150 ~00~0‬‬ ‫‪35 30 111~~,(~,.‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪51081~-()11~5~ 1(~051510( 10~~(1~( 15 5110~0 10 ~18. 1-10.‬‬ ‫‪111(~051510(5‬‬ ‫‪(21 ~00 (22‬‬
‫(‪~00011~110‬‬ ‫‪00~-11311 ()~(100 300 (23 ~00 (24 ~00011~110( 111~ 0111~( 11~11, 111~ 0111()111‬‬
‫‪~011~8~ 15 01 ~11~(0~1108 10((0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0111()111~011~8~ ~~0 0~ ~001(011~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~~(~108‬‬
‫‪111~ ~00011~1100 11(0~ 011(3051510(5.‬‬

‫‪5181.~ 5~.1~...85.‬‬ ‫‪510~~ 111~()0~~( 0~~1~~5 ~30 0~ 0()~(31~0 35 51311~ 5~11~11~5‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪0( ~0013~1015, 111~511()()1~ 10 111~5~ 5~11~11~5 ~01110 0~ ~1111~( ~~ 0( 0~ ~00 111~ 5~11~11~5‬‬
‫‪3(~ ~~11~0 35 (/~ 5((/(1~ 51111(~/1~50( ()~ 51111(~/1~5.‬‬

‫‪~~~,6.8‬‬
‫‪0,/0‬‬
‫‪~,,,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~85~5~~0,/8‬‬ ‫~‪,.,‬‬
‫~‪8‬‬ ‫‪0,/.‬‬ ‫~‪~,,,5~0,.,‬‬ ‫‪0,/0‬‬
‫‪~08~.‬‬
‫=‬
‫~~~~~‪5‬‬

‫‪~-~,,,‬‬
‫‪----‬‬
‫~~~~~~‪(8) 8‬‬ ‫‪~~89~8/11‬‬ ‫)~(‬ ‫‪~0~~898 ....,80,/810~/115‬‬

‫‪..1~0..~ 1-8‬‬ ‫‪510~1~-~035~3~- 3~ ~00.,,~~1~~.‬‬

‫‪$8~.‬‬ ‫‪,-4‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪+‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪0,/0‬‬
‫~~~~‪5..,‬‬ ‫=‪0‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~~-‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~~1‬‬ ‫‪---‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫~‬
‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪~0~18981/,/80,/810~(115‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫‪----‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫~‬

‫~‬

‫~‬
‫‪-+‬‬

‫(~~‪111~ 0~51~0 01 3 .()0‬‬ ‫~‪~1~~1(001~5 ~~111.()(0~01 ~30 /)~ 01.,,10~0 1010 1011( .()3(15‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪1. 0~51~0 01 .()0~~( ~1(~11115‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪2. ~(01~~1100 01 .()0~~( 0~.,,1~~5‬‬

‫‪3. 0~1~((01031100‬‬ ‫‪01111~ ~001(01‬‬ ‫‪51(31~~)1‬‬
‫‪4. 0~51~0‬‬ ‫~‪0110~1‬‬ ‫‪300 ~3110~ ~1(~11115‬‬

‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~113.()1~(5‬‬ ‫‪11131 10110~,‬‬ ‫‪.,,3(10115‬‬ ‫(~~‪1)1.()~5 01 .()0‬‬ ‫~‪~1~~1(001‬‬ ‫~(‪~1(~11115 3‬‬
‫‪0~5~(1/)~0‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪30(1)12~0.‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 30(1)1515,‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ .()0‬‬ ‫‪0~.,,1~~5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪35511(0~0‬‬ ‫‪35 10~31‬‬
‫~‪5~11~11~5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪~11~~15‬‬ ‫‪01 ~1(~1111 51(3)1‬‬ ‫‪10011~130~~,‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111 (~515130~~5,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~~(‪5011‬‬
‫~~‪10011~130‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~1~0.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪.()(3~11~31‬‬ ‫(~~‪.()0‬‬ ‫‪0~.,,1~~5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫(~‪~1(~11115 0111‬‬ ‫‪1(0(0‬‬
‫‪111~5~ 10~31 ~000111005‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~51~05‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫~(‪~1(~11115 3‬‬ ‫‪3150 311~~1~0.‬‬ ‫‪110~~.,,~(,‬‬
‫~~‪10 111~ ~3(1)1 513‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪0~51~0,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 51(0.()1111~0 30(1)1515‬‬ ‫‪01 3 ~1(~111115 .,,~()1115~111110‬‬

‫‪12‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪5~~1~~~,,9‬‬
‫~‪~0,,1~0~5~9,,8‬‬
‫~‪99,,9~810‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪11110~(51(1110‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0).)~((111011‬‬ ‫‪01 111~ ~1(~1111 (1110 10 ~51(1011511 111~ ~11(1((1~1~(1511~5‬‬ ‫‪(1110‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪51((11~~)1.‬‬
‫~(‪8~10‬‬ ‫~)‪(1 ).)(0101)1).‬‬ ‫(~‪15 011111, 111~ 0~51~11‬‬ ‫~‪51101110 111~~511~(11~ 111~ ~11~~15 01111‬‬
‫‪~1(~1111 ).)(1((1(11~1~(5‬‬ ‫‪((1110 0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫)‪1(11).)~(1~~110115‬‬ ‫‪(1110 51101110 (110011)1‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~51~11‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫‪11~~~55(1()1.‬‬ ‫~)‪0(11)1 (111~( 111~ ).)(0101)1).‬‬ ‫‪15 011111 (1110 1~51~0,‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ 0~51~11‬‬ ‫‪~(111 0~ ~011-‬‬
‫~‪110~111 (100111 111~ ~(111011)1 01111‬‬ ‫‪0~51~11‬‬ ‫~(‪(1110 ~(111 ~511(11(11~ (110‬‬ ‫~‪(1~~11((11~1)1 50(11‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫‪111~ ~1(~1111 ).)(1((1(11~1~(5‬‬ ‫‪(~.~.,‬‬ ‫‪51((1)1111011~1(111~~).‬‬

‫‪111~ 0).)~((1110115‬‬ ‫(~~‪01111~ ).)0‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 0(15~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪(11(11111)1011 111~ 5~11~11111~ 01 ).)0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(‪5~(111~011011~10‬‬ ‫~‪0~~1~~5‬‬

‫~~‪511).)).)1)15)151~(11, (1110 1111~(1~(~11‬‬

‫‪15 110((11(111)1 11~~~55(1()1‬‬
‫~~‪(1110 (15 (1 (~51111111~ ~011~~(1~(51111(0011‬‬
‫~‪11(1((110111~5 11110 111~ 511).)).)1)15)151~(11 (1110 011 111~ 0111).)111 01111‬‬
‫‪~(1115~ ).)(001~(115‬‬ ‫‪01 01510(11011‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬

‫~~‪10 1111(0011‬‬
‫~‪~1111111‬‬
‫‪0111).)111 ~011(1~~,‬‬
‫~~‪~11((~111 (1110 ~011(1‬‬
‫‪~011~~(1~(5.‬‬
‫‪11(1((110111~ ~~11~((111011‬‬
‫‪~0(11(1111111~(111011 (1110 51~11(11111~ ~1(~11115.‬‬
‫~‪111~5‬‬

‫(~‪1111~(5 011 111~ 1(1).)111 (1110 0111).)111 01 (1 ~011~~(1‬‬

‫‪~(111‬‬
‫~‪11110 111‬‬
‫‪11‬‬

‫~~‪5)151~(11 10 (~011‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11(1((110111~ 1~~~1 10 (111 (1~~~).)1(101~ (11(1~1111110~.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~11‬‬ ‫‪1-11‬‬
‫‪5110~5‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 010‬‬ ‫(~~‪01(1~((1(11 01 (1 ~~11~((1112~0 ).)0‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~0111(01‬‬ ‫(‪51((11~~)110‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ ).)0‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫~‪).)1(1)15 (111 1(11).)0(1(1111 ).)(1(1 011 111‬‬
‫‪11(1((11001~ ~~11~((111011 (1110 0111).)111 ~(1~~10((1101510(11011,‬‬ ‫~‪(1110 ~(111 0~ (11(11~0 10 (111111(1112‬‬
‫~~‪0( (~011‬‬ ‫‪111~5~ ).)(001~(115.‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ ).)0‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪~(111 ~(1115~ ((1010-1(~~11~11~)11111~(-‬‬
‫~~‪1~(~11‬‬ ‫~‪011‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~1~~1(0(11(1~11~11‬‬ ‫‪((101(111011‬‬ ‫~‪(1110 111~ ~(11111~ ~1(~11115 (11(1)1 ~~11~((11‬‬
‫‪~((011~0115‬‬ ‫‪51~11(115.‬‬ ‫~~‪11115 1111~(1~(~11‬‬ ‫‪~(111 0~ (1~010~0‬‬ ‫)(~)(‪0)1 ~,0/111‬‬ ‫‪511/~/()/11~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1~~1111010~)1‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ ).)0‬‬ ‫(‪5~(111~011011~10‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫‪(1110 1111~~((11~0‬‬ ‫‪~1(~11115‬‬
‫‪0~~~10).)5,‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ).)01~1111(11 10‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ (1).)).)11~(1110115 01 ).)0‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1(0111~5‬‬ ‫‪0~~0(11~5‬‬ ‫‪~10~(.‬‬
‫~(~‪111‬‬ ‫(~~‪(1(~ (11(~(10)1 (11(111)1).)0‬‬ ‫(‪5~(111~011011~10‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫‪111(11 (1(~ ~0(11(11~(~1(111)1 (1~(111-‬‬
‫‪01~ ~ 110~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~~~10).)(11~111‬‬ ‫‪111 11115 01(~~11011‬‬ ‫‪15 ~011111111111~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(~~‪).)0‬‬ ‫‪~011-‬‬
‫‪~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫~‪1(111 ~~11~((111)1 11110 51)( ~(11~~0(1~5‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫‪(~~1111~(5,‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫~‪(1~-0‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬
‫‪(1~-(1~ ~011~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫~‪(4) 0~-0‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫~‪(5) 0~-(1‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫~‪(1110 (6) 51(111~5~11~11~5.111‬‬

‫‪13‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0~51~0 0~ ~0~~( ~1~~1(001~5 ~1(~11115(~()111(~5 0~51~010~ 111~ ~0~~( 300 ~001(01 ~1(-‬‬
‫‪~11115. 111~ ~0113~~ 300 ~11((~01 113(111001~5 11131 3(~ ~~0~(31~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪0)1 111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪~00-‬‬
‫‪~~(1~(5 ~30 0~ (~011~~0 (0( 11110111112~0)~1111 3 ~(0~~( ~1101~~ 0~ 111~ ~001(01 51(31~~)1.‬‬

‫‪1. ~. 0. 110~1, ..111510(1~111 (~~1~~,‬‬ ‫‪11(~5~111 5111111511110111111(~11(0511~~15,,, //1(~/.,1(1(10/1(1/ ~011/~,.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~/~~(,.0/11~5 ~0/1/~,.~/1~~, 10/(~0,‬‬ ‫‪1983,1111. 6-18.‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪0~11~(111 ~1~~1(1~,‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪0(111111111111110~. 13. 0010~11,‬‬ ‫‪~05.‬‬ ‫~‪50‬‬ ‫‪~(1/1~(1/,‬‬ ‫‪61/1 ~0.,‬‬ ‫‪811~1~-‬‬
‫‪~000‬‬ ‫‪01115,‬‬ ‫~‪~.1.‬‬ ‫‪~(~116~~-111111,‬‬ ‫‪111~., 1982.‬‬
‫‪3. ~. 1111(115/1111111,‬‬
‫(~~‪..51111~ 011/1~ 11(1011110‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1(0111~5 11110~1~~1(1~111 0(1~~5111111111111,,, 3,.(/‬‬
‫‪/~ ~ ~ 5)1/11~051~/11 0/1 ~0/1(,.0/‬‬ ‫‪1/1 ~011/~,. ~/~~(,.0/11~5‬‬ ‫‪(1/1(/ ~/~~(,.1~(1/‬‬ ‫‪/),.11)~5,‬‬ ‫‪1-11115111111~,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪5~112~(111110,‬‬ ‫‪1983,‬‬ ‫‪11110(1111 5~551011 11110511(~~~ 111111~(5, 1111.23-33.‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫(~~‪13. ~. ~~11~, ..~0‬‬ ‫‪5~1111~011011~10( 0~~1~~5-11‬‬ ‫‪51111115(~~1~~,,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪/‬‬ ‫‪//1(/~5(,.)1 ~~~/1~(1-‬‬
‫‪(10/15 50~1~()1 //1(~,./1(1(10/1(1/ 5~/11/~0/1(/~~(0,.‬‬ ‫‪~011/~,. ~0(11)~,.(~,. ~0/1/~,.~/1~~,‬‬ ‫‪1982, 1111. 1-19.‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪~. 0.11011,‬‬ ‫‪5~/11/~0/1(/~~(0,.‬‬ ‫‪~011/~,. ~/~~(,.0/1/~5,‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫‪~0(/(,‬‬ ‫~‪~.~.‬‬ ‫‪~1111 ~051(11110 ~~111/1010‬‬
‫‪~0111111111~, 111~., 1986.‬‬

‫‪1-1.‬‬ ‫(~~‪~/1111 15 110‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1(0111~57‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪1-2.‬‬
‫‪1-3.‬‬
‫‪1-4.‬‬
‫‪1-5.‬‬
‫‪1-6.‬‬
‫‪~/1111 11(~ 1/1~ ,,,11(10115 1~11~5 011/1~(1510(57‬‬
‫‪~/1111 15 11~0111111111116011~1(~11117‬‬
‫‪~/1111 11(~ 1/1~ ~0110160115 10( 111/1~(1510( 10 ~011011~17‬‬
‫~‪110‬‬ ‫‪~111111~011011~1111~ 1/1~(1510( 0~ 111(11~0 0117‬‬
‫‪~/1111 15 11 1111~~01111111111160117‬‬
‫‪1-7.‬‬ ‫‪~/111115‬‬ ‫‪11 10(~~0‬‬ ‫‪~011111111111110117‬‬
‫‪1-8.‬‬ ‫‪~/111115‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 0111~(~11~~ 0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪11 1/1~(1510( 11110111~1,4.~7‬‬
‫‪1-9.‬‬ ‫‪~/1111 15 1/1~ ~11611~ ~/111(11~1~(156~ 0111 0107‬‬
‫‪1-10.‬‬ ‫‪~/111115‬‬ ‫‪111(11-01111111~ 0111 1/1~(1510(7‬‬
‫‪1-11.‬‬ ‫‪~/1111 15 11~011,,,~(1~(7‬‬
‫‪1-12.‬‬ ‫‪~/111115‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ 11(111~1111~0111~-0‬‬ ‫‪~011,,,~(510117‬‬
‫‪1-13.‬‬ ‫‪~/111115‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ 11(111~1111~0111~-11‬‬ ‫‪~011,,,~(510117‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪1-14.‬‬ ‫‪~/111115‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ 11(111~1111~010~-0‬‬ ‫‪~011,,,~(510117‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1-15.‬‬ ‫~‪~/1111 15 1/1~ 11(111~1111~01 0~-11‬‬ ‫‪~011,,,~(510117‬‬

‫‪1-16.‬‬ ‫(~~‪~/1111 11(~ 1/1~ 51~115 111,,,01,,,~0 1110~51~11111~ 110‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1(0111~5 ~~11111111~1117‬‬
‫‪1-17.‬‬ ‫(~~‪~/1111 11(~ 1/1~ 11~(111/1~(31 ~11~~15 01110‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1(0111~5 ~~11111111~1117‬‬
‫‪1-18.‬‬ ‫‪~/1111 11(~ 1/1~ 0111~(~11~~5 1111/1~ ~11611~ ~/111(11~1~(156~5 01 0105‬‬ ‫‪111101/1~(1510(57‬‬
‫‪1-19.‬‬ ‫‪~/1111 11(~ 1/1~ 0111~(~11~~5 1111/1~ ~111111~~/111(11~1~(156~5 011/1~(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪111101(111151510(57‬‬
‫‪1-20.‬‬ ‫‪~/1111 11(~ 1/1~ 0111~(~11~~5 1111/1~ ~111111~~/111(11~1~(156~5 0113115‬‬ ‫‪111101-.105~815‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪14‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(‪5~1111~00011~10‬‬
‫~‪~0~10~~(10‬‬
‫‪~00..,~(5100‬‬
‫‪~1~~1(001~5‬‬
‫‪0100~5‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0100~5‬‬
‫‪~1(~11115.‬‬
‫~‪01 ~1~~1(1‬‬
‫‪011..,~ 101100‬‬
‫‪0100~5‬‬
‫‪~0~~(.‬‬
‫~‪10( 51~0111 ~(0~~5510‬‬
‫‪10( ~00..,~(5100‬‬
‫‪11(~ ~0111111001)1 /(00~0‬‬
‫(~~‪01 ~0‬‬
‫‪115 ,.~~(///~,.5‬‬
‫‪111110)1 11~~11~1111005‬‬
‫‪11(~ 11150 ~10~1)1115~0‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬
‫‪11(~ (~..,1~~~0‬‬
‫~‪1(011111~-0‬‬
‫~‪1100 111~ 0100‬‬
‫‪10 1015 ~011~1~(.‬‬
‫‪11(~ 101(0011~~0.‬‬
‫‪(~~1111~(5‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~~1(001~5‬‬
‫(~~‪10 ~0‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1(001~5‬‬
‫‪~1(~11115 1011111(~ ~0111111001)1115~0‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫~‪111~ 11~-0‬‬
‫~‪~(0..,10‬‬
‫‪1100 ~1~~1(1~111‬‬
‫(‪~1(~11115 10‬‬
‫(~~‪10 ~0‬‬
‫‪11~~11~1111005‬‬
‫‪~00..,~(1~(5‬‬
‫‪1111)(~0 0~ 0111~111‬‬
‫‪01‬‬

‫‪..,01111~~.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 511/(~ 01 51111~11~11)1 111~ 0100~5‬‬ ‫‪11(~ ~00510~(~0‬‬ ‫‪10 /)~ 10~111.‬‬ ‫‪13)1‬‬
‫~~ ‪10~111,‬‬ ‫~‪111~110 10111 111~ (~..,~(5‬‬ ‫~‪(~~0..,~()111111‬‬ ‫‪1100 111~ 10(~11(0‬‬ ‫~‪..,01111~~ 0(0‬‬ ‫~(‪11‬‬
‫~‪0~~11~1/)1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~(‪~1~11‬‬ ‫‪2-111 5110~5‬‬ ‫~‪11 0100‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111 ~1111110‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪10110.‬‬ ‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5~11~11 5) 15 ~105~0‬‬
‫( ‪111‬‬ ‫‪= 0, 111~ ~011(~10~ ~11((~01 111111110~5 111(011~11111~ ~11~11~110( 15 101100 1(0111‬‬

‫‪~5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1)8.‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1)0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1)8.‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪)/‬‬ ‫()(‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1)0‬‬
‫((‬
‫)‪= 0‬‬ ‫)‪(2-1‬‬

‫)‪(2-2‬‬

‫‪15‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0.368‬‬
‫‪*0‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪------‬‬
‫‪0.632~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪-.‬‬

‫~‪~1111111‬‬
‫()‪10 ~~~~001‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫~~ ~‪~11~.-‬‬
‫‪~(1~(1~110.-‬‬

‫‪(100‬‬
‫~ )‪(2-5‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪10111(11 ~00011100‬‬
‫)‪0.1‬‬

‫~‪= ,. 15 111~ 11(0‬‬

‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫~~‪111~ 10111(11 .-(11~ 01 ~11(10‬‬

‫(( ~‪11‬‬ ‫‪= 0) = 0, 111~501111100018().. (2-1) (~111~11150~.-1~~0‬‬
‫‪~1~~5 111~ ~11(1.-~10~ ~11 ~01 (15‬‬

‫)‪1(/‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪~5‬‬

‫~‬
‫~‪~~(/8.‬‬

‫~~ ‪~0051(101 01 (10‬‬

‫~~‪01 ~(1~(1~110.- ~011(1‬‬

‫‪10(10.‬‬

‫( ‪((11‬‬
‫)‪(2-3‬‬

‫)‪(2-4‬‬

‫~‪111~ .-(11~ 01 ~11(10~~ 01111‬‬

‫)‪(2-5‬‬

‫‪= 0) 15 001(110~0 1.-0(0 8()..‬‬

‫~~‪011‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬
‫=‬ ‫)‪(2-6‬‬
‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪~(~0‬‬ ‫~~‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪~ 0100‬‬ ‫‪~1.-~1111~1111 (10 ~/..., 10(10 15 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~. 2-2(1.‬‬ ‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫‪5~11~11 51 15‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫(‬
‫‪~105~0‬‬ ‫‪(11‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪0, 111~ ~11‬‬ ‫~‪~01111.-011~11111‬‬ ‫‪10011~10.-‬‬ ‫‪10~.-~(15~5‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪15 ~)(~.-~55~0‬‬ ‫‪(15‬‬

‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪111-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪118.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪/...,0( + ~1‬‬ ‫)‪(2-7‬‬

‫‪~1111111~ 10111(11~00011100‬‬ ‫‪1(( = 0) = 0, 111~50111110001 8().. (2-7) (~111~11150~.-1~~0‬‬

‫()‪10 ~~~~001‬‬ ‫‪0 .2) )11~105‬‬

‫)‪(2-8‬‬

‫‪16‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0.368 ~5‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫(‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫~‪~5 -‬‬ ‫‪~---‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪0.632,5. - - -‬‬
‫=~ (‬
‫~‬
‫(‬
‫~‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~‪111~ (31~ 01 ~1130‬‬ ‫‪0111115 ~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪~30 0~ 001310~0‬‬ ‫‪1(001‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(2-8‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫‪0-/‬‬ ‫~‪115~-(~/‬‬
‫)‪(2-9‬‬
‫(‪0-‬‬ ‫‪1--‬‬

‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1011131 (31~ 01 (15~ 01111~ ~11((~01‬‬ ‫= ( ‪(31‬‬

‫‪0-/‬‬ ‫~‬

‫)‪(2-10‬‬
‫‪0-(~(~0‬‬

‫‪0-/‬‬
‫~‪1)~(() = 1-- = 115~-(~/‬‬ ‫)‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~,‬‬
‫‪1--/‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪3~(055‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪51~30~-5131~ ~3111~0115 = 11/~.‬‬
‫(‪10011~10‬‬ ‫‪1~005‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫(‪0-‬‬

‫‪~11~(~ 1--/~ = ,. 15 111~1101~ ~0051301 01 30 ~1-- 1030.‬‬

‫‪111~ ~3~~10(015 10( 111~~0113~~ 300 ~11((~01 3(~ 5110~0 10 ~1~. 2-20.‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪2~(0‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪115‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬
‫‪11 ( //‬‬
‫‪(~3~11~5‬‬
‫~‪1130 311~01~115 111~00130~ 10 0~~0 5~11~1151, 111‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪(2-11‬‬

‫~‪~0~(~~ 510(~0 10 111~10011~10( (= 0.51--(2) ~111 0~ 1(30510(01~0 1010 3 111~11(~~~(5‬‬

‫‪~0113~~ 3~(055 111~5~11~11300 0100~.‬‬ ‫‪11115~0~(~~ ~111 0~ 01551~31~0 10 111~10(01 01‬‬
‫‪5~3(~5 3~(055 111~5~11~11~300 111~0100~ 1)1 15 11~~1~ 10 0~ 03013~~0 10 11115~(0~~55.‬‬
‫~‪10 0~~(~001~ 511~113 5111131100,3 0100~ ~00101001~ ~00~0 35 3 /,~~)1//2~~//11150-/00-‬‬
‫‪15 ~000~~1~0 3~(055 30 10011~11~~1030 35 5110~0 10 ~1~. 2-83-.‬‬
‫‪~)(3111()1~2-1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪~ 0100‬‬ ‫‪~1(~111115 5110~11111‬‬ ‫(‪~1~.2-33 ~11118. = 440 3110~ = 0.1 /1-~. 111~~3~3~110‬‬
‫~‪11111~ 5~11~1151 15 ~105~0 31 ( = 0, 0~1~1111111‬‬‫~‪111‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪11353111111631~0113~~, 110 = 220~.‬‬

‫‪(3) ~~3/( 0100~ ~1111~111~(0) ~11~1~)101551~31~0 111111~ 1~515101, 8.~ 3110 (~) ~3))3~1101‬‬
‫(‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪= 2‬‬ ‫‪/1-5.‬‬
‫‪801111100 111~ ~3~~1011115 3(~ 5110~11111~1~. 2-30.‬‬
‫‪(3) ~~1136011 (2-3) ~311 0~ 115~0 ~1111115 = 1103110 111~))~3/( 0100~ ~1111~11115‬‬

‫‪220‬‬
‫~‪/ ,, =-=5‬‬
‫‪44‬‬

‫‪58~. 2-2‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫))‪(/‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~11~1~)1‬‬ ‫‪01551~31~0‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫()‬ ‫‪)( 10~6 )( 2202‬‬

‫‪= 0.5~115 = 0.5‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪= 0.00242 1‬‬
‫‪(() ~01 ~~ = 0.1 )( 44‬‬ ‫(‬
‫‪= 4.4 ).1-53110 = (1 = 2 ).1-5,111~(3~3(1101 .,,0113~~ 15‬‬
‫~ ‪1)0(( = 2 ).1-5)= 220 )( ~-2/44 = 139.64‬‬

‫‪~1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪~ 0100‬‬
‫(‬
‫=‬
‫‪~1(~1.111~1111 ~0 /..,~ 10~0 15 5110~0 10 ~1~. 2-4~.‬‬
‫~‪0, 111~ ~11~(~10‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬

‫‪11.‬‬ ‫=‬
‫(‪0( 111~ ~~1=/~~110‬‬

‫‪/..,‬‬
‫‪()1‬‬
‫‪()( +‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪~1 1‬‬
‫()( ‪.‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪15 ~)(1=/(~55~0‬‬

‫~)‪1‬‬
‫((‬
‫)‪= 0‬‬
‫‪~11~0‬‬
‫‪35‬‬
‫‪5~11~11 51 15 ~105~0‬‬

‫)‪(2-12‬‬

‫‪~111110111~1 ~000111005 1(( = 0) = 0 300 1)~(( = 0) = 0, ~(). (2-12) ~~0 0~ 501~~0‬‬

‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~~1=/~~110‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫()‪~5 (10 ~1=/1=/~0(1‬‬ ‫)‪0.3‬‬

‫)((‪1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪.~ ~.‬‬ ‫‪- 510‬‬

‫‪/..,‬‬
‫()‪0‬‬ ‫)‪(2-13‬‬

‫()‪0‬‬ ‫)‪(2-14‬‬
‫‪= /,, 510‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪1/‬‬ ‫‪~00 111~ 1=/~~~ ~1.1((~01,‬‬

‫~)‪1, = ~.‬‬ ‫)‪(2-15‬‬

‫‪111~ (~1~ 0( (15~ 0( 111~ ~1.1((~0115 001~10~0‬‬ ‫‪((001 ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(2-13‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬

‫‪()1‬‬ ‫‪11.‬‬
‫‪-()( = -‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬
‫()‪0‬‬ ‫)‪(2-16‬‬
‫‪/..,‬‬

‫‪18‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪- .‬‬ ‫‪~4‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪300 ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(2-16‬‬ ‫( ‪~1~~5 111~ 1011131 (31~ 01 (15~ 01111~ ~1.1((~01 (31‬‬ ‫)‪0‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫‪= ~-‬‬ ‫)‪(2-17‬‬

‫‪~~~ (~0‬‬

‫((‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫(‪(/‬‬ ‫)()‪0‬‬
‫)((‪1)0‬‬ ‫‪= ~ )0 /‬‬ ‫‪= ~5(1 -‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬ ‫)‪(2-18‬‬

‫‪~1‬‬ ‫( ~‪3 11111‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0100‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01, / 13115 10 2~(0‬‬ ‫(‪300 111~ ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪~113(~~0 10 2~5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~3~~10(1115‬‬ ‫‪10( 111~ ~0113~~ 300 ~1.1((~01 3(~ 5110~0 10 ~1~. 2-‬‬
‫‪40.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~,.3(11))1~ 2-2‬‬

‫~‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬
‫‪11111131~01138~,‬‬
‫‪~1(~1.111~1111 311 /...,~ 1030 18 5110~11 111~18. 2-53‬‬
‫‪170 = 220 ~, ~3~3~11311~~, ~ = 20 ~~, 3110 11101.1~1311~~, /...,‬‬
‫‪= 80 ~1-1.‬‬
‫~‪11111~ 5~11~11 51 15 ~105~0 31 ( = 0, 0~1~(111111~111~(3) ~~3/( ~1.1~~~111111~01.1811111‬‬
‫~~‪0100‬‬
‫(‪~1111 111~ ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪113~1118 311‬‬

‫‪(0) ~01101.1~1101111111~01111~ 0100~ ~ 3110 (~) 51~(0)1-5131~ ~3~3~110~ ..01138~.‬‬

‫‪8011.11100‬‬ ‫‪(3) 051118 /(/,.~/1/10/15‬‬ ‫‪~0/((18~ /(1‬‬ ‫‪, (1(~1.,),‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫~‪~311 ~~11‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~()1.131101110‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~1.1~~~11135‬‬
‫‪(//‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫(‪. (/‬‬
‫‪/...,‬‬
‫‪~ ~1 /‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫((~‪+ 11‬‬ ‫‪= 0) = 0‬‬
‫((‬
‫((‪3110 111~ ~1.1~~~111~111111111131~01101110115 01/‬‬ ‫= )‪= 0) = 0 311011~ = 0‬‬ ‫‪- 17015 501~~0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪35‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)((‪/‬‬ ‫())(‬
‫=‬ ‫~)‪1(0‬‬ ‫‪5111‬‬

‫))(‬
‫‪= 106(~20‬‬
‫()‬
‫~~~‪~11‬‬ ‫~‪= 1/‬‬ ‫‪80 = 25,000 ~30/5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~~3/( ~1.1~(~111,‬‬

‫‪/20‬‬
‫‪1,, = 170 /0/...,‬‬ ‫‪= 220‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 110‬‬
‫‪80‬‬
‫~‬

‫‪58~. 2-3‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪5,‬‬

‫‪0,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(0)~1,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪,1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪,,.‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0100‬‬ ‫(‪~11~~~1110~~0111~5 2~~0 (1110 111~ ~011011~11011 11111~0‬‬
‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪,1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪,,.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪,,.‬‬ ‫‪-/20‬‬ ‫()‬

‫‪80 = 125.66 ~5‬‬

‫~‪~0‬‬ ‫= ‪, = ,1‬‬ ‫‪125.66‬‬ ‫~)‪~5, 1‬‬ ‫= ‪(,‬‬ ‫‪,,) = 220 ~.‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~ 0100~ ~1..~011~1111 311~1-~ 1030 15 5110~11111~1~. 2-6. 11111~ 5~11~1151 15‬‬
‫‪~105~0 31 1 = 0, ~~ ~31105~ 111~1(~1- 10 ~..11~ 111~~().036011 10.. 111~1030 ~0 ~11135‬‬
‫‪(//‬‬ ‫( ‪1‬‬
‫‪1-(/1 + ~/ + (3) / (/1 + 1)~ (1 = 0) = ~5‬‬ ‫)‪(2-19‬‬

‫‪~01101110115/ (1 = 0) 3110 1)~(1 = 0) = ~0.‬‬

‫‪~111111111131‬‬ ‫)‪0111~..~1163611~ ~().. (2-19‬‬
‫‪3110 01 10111~ 00111 510~5‬‬ ‫‪0~ 1- ~1 ~5‬‬

‫)‪(2-20‬‬

‫‪0110~..‬‬ ‫~‪51~30~-5131‬‬ ‫‪~01101110115,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~3))3~110..‬‬ ‫‪15 ~113..~~0‬‬ ‫~~‪10 111~ 500..‬‬ ‫~~‪0113‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬
‫~‪3110 111~ 51~30~-5131‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~111 ~111 0~ 2~..0.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪10..~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0(11))011~111‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~111‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪111 ~()..‬‬ ‫)‪(2-20‬‬ ‫‪15 3150 2~..0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫~‪~11115 00‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 11310..31‬‬ ‫‪~0(11))011~111.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪5,‬‬
‫‪+--‬‬ ‫‪0,‬‬

‫‪..)~11..~ 2-6‬‬ ‫~~‪010‬‬ ‫~‪~1~~111( ~1(/1 8.1.-‬‬

‫‪-.‬‬ ‫‪103~.‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(2-21‬‬

‫‪300 111.~(0015 01 ()1.130(311~ ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(2-21‬‬ ‫~‪3(~ ~1~~0 0‬‬

‫~‪/‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫) (~‬
‫~‬
‫‪51.2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫=‪=1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪(2-22‬‬
‫‪21.,‬‬ ‫‪21.,‬‬ ‫~‪1.,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫(~‪1-~1 1.150~110~ 1~0 1(0~0(1301 ~(0~~(11~5 01 3 5~~000-0(0‬‬ ‫~‪~1(~1.111‬‬
‫‪/(1~(0,‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫‪=-‬‬ ‫)‪(2-23‬‬
‫‪21.,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪0)0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(2-24‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪51.1051111.1110~ 111.~5~ 1010‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬ ‫)‪(2-22‬‬ ‫‪~1~105‬‬

‫‪51,2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪-‬‬ ‫‪=1= ~~2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪0)5‬‬ ‫)‪(2-25‬‬

‫(‪111.~ 5011.11100 10‬‬ ‫‪111.~ ~1.1((~01,‬‬ ‫‪~11.1~11. ~111 0~~~00‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪111.~ ~311.1~5 01 ~ 300‬‬ ‫‪0)0, ~01.110‬‬
‫~‪10110‬‬ ‫~‪00‬‬ ‫~‪01111.‬‬ ‫~‪111.(~~ ~055101‬‬ ‫‪~35~5.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~859‬‬
‫‪~,/(/~(1//)1‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫~ ‪11‬‬
‫‪0.(1111~~0..‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪0)0‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪111.~ (0015‬‬
‫~‪111.~ 5011.11100 ~111 0~ 01111.‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~()1.131, 51‬‬
‫‪10((0‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪52, 300‬‬ ‫‪111.~ ~1(~1.11115 ~311~0‬‬

‫)‪(2-26‬‬

‫‪~859 2.‬‬ ‫~ ‪11‬‬ ‫‪~ 0)0, 111.~(0015‬‬ ‫‪3(~ (~31300‬‬ ‫‪111.~~1(~1.11115 5310 10 0~ 01)~,0.(1111~~0..‬‬
‫‪111.~ 5011.11100 13~~5‬‬ ‫‪111.~ 10((0‬‬

‫)‪(2-27‬‬

‫‪~859‬‬ ‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪0)0,‬‬ ‫‪111.~ (0015‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫()~‪~0(0~1‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111.~ ~1(~1.111 15 5310‬‬ ‫~‪10 0‬‬
‫~(‪/1110.~,0.(1111~~0.. 111.~ (0015 3‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫)‪(2-28‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~(~‪~11.‬‬ ‫~)‪0‬‬ ‫‪15 ~311~0 111.~ ,/118/118 /,~()/1~119‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫‪03(0~~0‬‬ ‫‪(~500301‬‬ ‫)~~‪1(~()1.1~0‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫= ~)‪0‬‬ ‫‪~ 0)5‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~2.‬‬ ‫‪111.~ 5011.11100 13~~5‬‬ ‫‪111.~ 10((0‬‬

‫‪/(0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~-,.((~1‬‬ ‫‪~05 0)~( +‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫)(~)‪510 0‬‬ ‫)‪(2-29‬‬

‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111.~ ~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪~0051515‬‬ ‫‪01 3 0.(1111~~0. 0,‬‬ ‫‪0.~~(1)1/118 5/11/150/0.(1/.‬‬

‫‪1-/0(~.‬‬ ‫‪111.~ ~00513015‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0~1~((010~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0(0‬‬ ‫‪111.~ 1011131 ~000111005‬‬
‫~‪01111.‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.111.‬‬ ‫‪111.~ (3110‬‬ ‫‪01 ~/0)0‬‬ ‫~‪15 ~0(0(0001‬‬ ‫‪~00~0‬‬ ‫‪35 0.(1111~/118 ,(1(/0,‬‬ ‫‪8.‬‬

‫‪58~. 2-3‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~)(301()1~ 2-3‬‬

‫‪10 10~ 5~~000-0~0~~ ~1-~ ~1~~1111‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~1~. 2-6, 10~ 5011~~~,,,0113~~, ~, = 220 ~, 10011~1-‬‬
‫‪30~~, 1- = 2 ~1-1, ~3~3~1130~~, ~ = 0.05 ~~, 300 ~~515130~~, ~ = 160 0. 10~ 1011131‬‬
‫~‪,,,3111~0~ 10~ ~3~3~110~ ,,,0113~~ 15 ~0 = 0. 1~ 10~ 5~11~015 ~105~0 31 ( = 0, 0~1~~~10‬‬
‫‪(3) 30 ~)(~~~55100 ~0~ 10~ ~11~~~01, /((), 300 (0) 10~ ~00011~1100 11~~ 0~ 0100~.‬‬ ‫)~(‬
‫‪1)~3~ 3 5/(~1~0 0~ /( ().‬‬

‫‪80111~)0)) (3) ~~0~ ~~. (2-23), ~ = 160 )( 103/(2 )( 2) = 40,000 ~30/5 300 ~~0~ ~~.‬‬
‫‪(2-24),‬‬ ‫‪(00‬‬ ‫~‪= 1/‬‬ ‫‪= 105 ~30/5.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(0~ = ~1010‬‬ ‫~‪)( 10‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪= 91,652 ~30/5‬‬
‫‪510~~ ~ ~ (00, 1115 30 1100~~03~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1111300‬‬ ‫~~‪10~ 501111100 15 0~ 10~ ~0‬‬

‫‪/(() = ~-~/(..41‬‬ ‫)(~‪~05 (0~( + ..42 510 (0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪= 0, /(( = 0) = 0 300‬‬ ‫‪1015 ~1,,,~5..41‬‬ ‫‪= 0.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪501111100 0~~0~~5‬‬

‫)((‪/‬‬
‫(~‪= ~-~/..42 510 (0‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪0~~1,,,311,,,~ 0~ /(() ~1,,,~5‬‬

‫‪0/‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫(‪-0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(0‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪~05‬‬
‫‪(0‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪(..4‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪~-~/‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪510‬‬ ‫‪(0‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪(..4‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪~-~/‬‬

‫(‬ ‫~‪0, 10~ ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫~‪0~~~~5 3 10‬‬ ‫~~‪1~~~030‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬

‫‪~0~0‬‬ ‫‪10~ 5~11~0‬‬ ‫‪15 ~105~0‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪10011~10~ 0~~~~5 3 01~0 1~~~030~~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1011131 ~31~ 0~ ~15~ 0~ 10~ ~11~~~01 15 11~11~0‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪001~ 0~ 10~ 10011~10~ 1-.‬‬ ‫‪10115 31‬‬ ‫‪= 0, 10~ ~1~~1111‬‬
‫‪0//0( 15‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪220‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪1000‬‬
‫‪~ 2‬‬
‫~‬
‫~=‬
‫= ‪(0~1- = 91,652)( 2‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~1031 ~)(~~~55100‬‬ ‫‪~0~ 10~ ~11~~~01 /(() 15‬‬

‫)((‪/‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪1.2 510 (91,652()~-40.000/‬‬ ‫‪..4‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪111~11..~ 2-7‬‬ ‫(‪~11((~(1‬‬ ‫‪~3,,,~~0(111‬‬ ‫‪~0( ~)(-‬‬

‫‪3111111~2-3.‬‬

‫‪22‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪,.‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪= 91 ,652 = 34.27 ~8‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪11111~ $~11~11.51 10 ~1~. 2-23 18 ~10$~0 10( 11(0~ (1, 3 ~0((~011$‬‬ ‫‪~$13011$11~0 111(00~11‬‬
‫‪111~ 1030~ 300 111~0 11111~ $~11~111$ 0~~0~0,‬‬ ‫‪3 ~3111 (00$1 0~ ~(0~10~0 16( 111~ ~0((~01‬‬
‫‪10 111~ 1000~11~~ 1030.‬‬ ‫‪1111$ 1$ 00((0311)1 000~ 0)1 ~000~~110~ 3 0100~ /),,, 3$ $110~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~. 2-83, 300 1111$0100~ 1$ 0$0311)1 ~311~0 3 /,.~~111/1~~//~/5 (//0(/~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1(~011‬‬
‫‪0~~(31100 ~30 0~ 01~10~01010 1~0 (000~$.‬‬ ‫~‪~00‬‬ ‫‪1 0~~10$ ~11~0 111~$~11~111$ ~10$~0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫( ‪31‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪0, 300 (000~ 2 0~~10$ ~11~0 111~$~11~111$ 111~0 0~~0~0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~()01~31~01‬‬
‫‪~1(~011$ 10( 111~ (000~$‬‬ ‫‪3(~ $110~0 10 ~1~. 2-80.‬‬ ‫‪/1 300 /2 3(~ 0~110~0‬‬ ‫‪3$ 111~ 10$130-‬‬
‫‪130~00$‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01$‬‬ ‫~‪10( (000‬‬ ‫‪1 300‬‬ ‫~‪(000‬‬ ‫‪2, (~$~~~11~~1)1.‬‬ ‫‪(1 300‬‬ ‫‪(2 3(~ 111~ ~0((~-‬‬
‫~‪$~00010‬‬ ‫‪00(31100$‬‬ ‫‪01111~$~ (000~$.‬‬

‫~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬ ‫~‪00(10‬‬ ‫‪1111$ (000~,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0100‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01,‬‬ ‫(‪~111~11 1$ $1(0113‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪~().‬‬ ‫‪(2-8), 1$‬‬

‫)‪(2-30‬‬

‫‪0,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪+-‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬

‫‪1...‬‬

‫‪,‬‬
‫~‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪~,‬‬ ‫__ __ __ _ _ _ _‬ ‫‪~ ~2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪(~) ~8~910~,,,5‬‬

‫~‪..1‬‬ ‫‪~ 2-8‬‬ ‫‪~1~~..11 ~11/11~~~~/1~~11(1~ 0100~.‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪2-4‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 8~11~1118‬‬ ‫‪0~~0~0‬‬ ‫‪31 1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪11 (31‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~00‬‬ ‫‪0111118‬‬ ‫‪0100~),‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪31 11131‬‬
‫‪1101~ 0~~001~8‬‬

‫)‪(2-31‬‬

‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫‪1101~ 11 18 81.1111~1~011)1 100~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪(~3~11~8‬‬ ‫~‪3 81~(0)1-8131‬‬ ‫‪~311.1~ 300‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫~‪81~(0)1-8131‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪0115‬‬ ‫~‪= ~5/‬‬ ‫‪110~8 111(01.1~11111~1030.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪2.‬‬ ‫~‪11118 0100‬‬ ‫‪0~~108‬‬ ‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 8~11~1118‬‬ ‫‪0~~0~0‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬
‫‪813(18‬‬ ‫~‪10 110‬‬ ‫~‪111(01.1~11111‬‬ ‫~‪1(~~~11~~110‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪1),,,.‬‬ ‫~‪~~0~11010‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1101~ 0(1~10‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬
‫~‪111~ 0~~10010‬‬ ‫‪0111118‬‬ ‫‪0100~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫~‪111(01.1~11111‬‬ ‫~‪1(~~~11~~110‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪18 101.100‬‬
‫‪1(001‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0.12‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪1.‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~12‬‬ ‫)‪(2-32‬‬

‫‪~11111011131~00011100 12 (1 = 0) = 11. 111~ 8011.1110001 8().. (2-32) ~1~~8 111~1(~~-‬‬

‫~‪~11~~110‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬

‫)‪12(1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪11~-(~/1-‬‬ ‫)‪(2-33‬‬

‫‪300 11118~1.1((~01 0~~3)18 ~)(~00~011311)110‬‬ ‫‪2~(0 31 1‬‬ ‫‪12 ~(0~10~0‬‬ ‫‪11131 12 ~ ~ 1./ ~.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~3~~10(018‬‬ ‫‪10( 111~ ~1.1((~018 3(~ 8110~0 10 ~1~. 2-8~.‬‬
‫‪~,.301())~ 2-4‬‬
‫‪111~1~. 2-83, 111~(~8181311~~18 11~~11~101~(~ = 0), 8011(~~ __0113~~, ~5 = 220 ~, 3110‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪1030 111011~1311~~,1- = 220 ~1-1. (3) 0(3~ 111~~3__~10(01 10( 111~1030 ~11((~11111111‬‬
‫‪8~11~1118 ~108~0 10( 3 11(11~ (1‬‬
‫‪810(~0 111111~1030 111011~10(.‬‬
‫‪= 100~8‬‬ ‫‪3110 18111~11011~11~0. (0) 0~1~((11111~111~~11~(~)1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+-‬‬

‫‪0.,,‬‬

‫‪24‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫)((‪/‬‬ ‫(‪~5‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪1,‬‬

‫‪(1110 (11 ( = (1, /0 = ~5(/1,‬‬ ‫‪= 220‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪100/220‬‬ ‫‪= 100~.‬‬
‫( ~‪(0) ~0~11 10~ 5~11~0 51 15 0~~11~0 (11 (1 11111‬‬
‫‪= (1, 10~ 10(10 ~11((~111 51(1(15 10‬‬
‫‪110~ 10(011~0 10~ 0100~ 1),,,.‬‬ ‫~‪5111~~ 10~(~ 15 110 01551~(111,,,~ ((~51511,,,~) ~1~111~111111 10‬‬
‫~‪~1(~1111, 10~ 10(10 ~11((~111 (~111(11115~01151(1111(11 /0 = 100 ~ (111010~ ~11~(~)1510(~0 11110‬‬
‫‪111011~10( 15 0.51,/6‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1.11.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111 ~(1,,,~~0(1115 (1(~ 500~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~. 2-90.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪10 10~ 10~(1110551~55‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111 01 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪2-9(1,‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~0~(~)1‬‬ ‫‪510(~0‬‬ ‫(‪10 10~ 10011~10‬‬ ‫‪15 1((1~~~0‬‬
‫‪10~(~,‬‬ ‫~‪0~~(1115‬‬ ‫~(~‪10‬‬ ‫‪15 00‬‬ ‫~~‪(~5151(10‬‬ ‫~‪10 10‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111.‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪(1 ~((1~11~(11‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111 11 15‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪0~51((101‬‬ ‫~~‪10 1(0~(0‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~///(/~11()1‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 (~111(010‬‬ ‫‪10~ 510(~0‬‬ ‫‪~0~(~)11010‬‬ ‫‪10~ 511~~1)1‬‬
‫‪5011(~~.‬‬ ‫‪10/5‬‬ ‫~‪~(10 0‬‬ ‫‪(1~01~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 (10010‬‬ ‫‪(1 5~~000‬‬ ‫~‪~10010‬‬ ‫~‪10 10‬‬ ‫(‪10011~10‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬
‫~‪~000~~1111‬‬ ‫~‪(1 0100‬‬ ‫‪1)1 (15 500~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~. 2-10(1.‬‬ ‫(‪10~ 10011~10‬‬ ‫‪0~0(1~~5‬‬ ‫‪(15 (1 1((105-‬‬
‫‪10((0~(.‬‬ ‫(~‪10~ 1((10510((0‬‬ ‫‪5~~000(1()115‬‬ ‫‪~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪511~0 10(11 111)1 15 ~05111,,,~, 10~0‬‬
‫‪1)2 15 0~~(111~~,‬‬ ‫‪(100 ~1~~ ~~(5(1,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪5~~000(1()1‬‬ ‫~‪~10010‬‬ ‫~‪10(111(1~11111(11~5 (~111(010‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫~‪510(~0 ~0~(~)11010‬‬ ‫~‪5011(~~ ~1(10100‬‬ ‫‪1)1/5 ~00~0‬‬ ‫(‪(15 (1/~~0-0(1(/‬‬ ‫~‪11//110-/1115. ~5511(010‬‬
‫(~‪(1 1((10510((0‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫~‪(1 (0(1~0~11210‬‬ ‫~~‪10011~1(10‬‬ ‫‪01 1.,~, 10~ ~().111~(11~01 ~1(~1111 15 (15‬‬
‫‪500~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪2-100.‬‬
‫~‪1110‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪(100 5~~000(1()1‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫~~(‪(5011‬‬ ‫)~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ (~1~((~0‬‬ ‫‪10 10~ ~(1(0(1()1‬‬
‫~‪510~ 0110‬‬ ‫‪1((10510((0~(,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~().111~(11~01 ~1(~111115‬‬ ‫‪10(11 500~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪2-10~.‬‬ ‫‪/1 (100‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪/2 0~110‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪10~ ~(1(0(1()1‬‬
‫‪(/1,115 ,(1(/0‬‬
‫‪(100 5~~000(1()1‬‬
‫(~‪01 (10 10~(11 1((10510((0‬‬
‫‪~11((~015‬‬

‫‪(1‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪/+-/2‬‬

‫‪/+-/1‬‬
‫~‪0110‬‬
‫‪15 0~110~0‬‬
‫‪1((10510((0~(,‬‬
‫‪(15‬‬
‫‪(~5~~~11~~1)1.‬‬

‫) ‪(2-34‬‬

‫‪10~ ~1(~1111 0~~((11100 ~(10 0~ 01~10~0 1010 1~0 (000~5.‬‬ ‫~‪~00‬‬ ‫~‪1 0~~105 ~0~0 10‬‬
‫‪5~11~0 51 15 ~105~0 (11 ( = 0 (100 (000~ 2 0~~105 ~0~0 10~ 5~11~0 15 0~~0~0.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪~().111~(11~01~1(~1111510( 10~ (000~5 (1(~ 500~0 10 ~1~. 2-11(1.‬‬ ‫‪(1 (100 (2 (1(~ 011((111005‬‬
‫~‪01 (000‬‬ ‫~‪1 (100 (000‬‬ ‫‪2, (~5~~~11~~1)1.‬‬

‫‪~0~9‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬ ‫~‪011(10‬‬ ‫‪10/5 (1100~ 10~ 5~11~015‬‬ ‫‪~105~0 (11 ( = 0.‬‬ ‫‪10~ 0100~ 1)1 15‬‬
‫~‪(~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪01(15~0‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫~‪10~ ~11((~0110(011~010‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪(5~~000(1()1‬‬ ‫)‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪15 (1 /2‬‬ ‫‪= 0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪/2‬‬ ‫‪= 0.‬‬ ‫‪0510~ 10~ 1(~1- 10 ~1~. 2-11(1, 115 = (1)0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1(5)/(1 (100‬‬ ‫‪1015 ~1~~5‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪(~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪0100~ ~011(1~~ (15‬‬

‫‪1)0‬‬ ‫)‪= 11,(1 + (1‬‬ ‫)‪(2-35‬‬

‫~‪~5511(010‬‬ ‫~(~‪10(11 10‬‬ ‫‪15 00‬‬ ‫‪10111(11 ~11((~01‬‬ ‫~‪10 10‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111, 10~ ~(1(0(1()1‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫~‪15 10‬‬
‫~‪5(1(0‬‬ ‫‪(15 10~ 5~11~0‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪/5 (100 15 ~)(~(~55~0‬‬ ‫‪(15‬‬

‫)‪(2-36‬‬

‫‪58~. 2-5‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪5,‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪~~~,‬‬ ‫‪.+‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪~,‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫~‪,098‬‬
‫~‪1~8~510~,,,9‬‬
‫‪(0) (0~~1~8~9~1 ~~~~~11‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫‪+‬‬

‫~~‪..)~0‬‬ ‫‪2-10‬‬ ‫(‪~1(~01‬‬ ‫~~(~‪~1(/1 ~0‬‬ ‫‪(~~0~-‬‬

‫_~‪~(~ 0100‬‬

‫)‪(2-37‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~ (‬ ‫(‬
‫~ ‪1015 11100~ 15 .,,3110 10( 0‬‬ ‫‪(1 3110 ~1105 ~0~11‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪5~11~0‬‬ ‫‪15 0~~11~0‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(1-‬‬

‫‪~1‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~110 011015‬‬ ‫~‪11100‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~(11113()1‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111 0~~0111~5‬‬

‫‪~5‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪-(1‬‬ ‫)‪(2-38‬‬
‫‪1-,,,‬‬

‫‪~0~8‬‬ ‫‪2.‬‬ ‫~‪011(1118 1015 11100~ 10~ 5~11~0 15 0~~11~0, 10~ .,,01138~ 3~(055 10‬‬
‫‪111011~10( 15 (~.,,~(5~0 3110 10~ 0100~ /)1 15 10(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪0135~0.‬‬ ‫‪~ ~11((~111110~5 10(01180‬‬
‫~‪10~ 1(311510(111~( 5~~01103()1 3110 10~ ~11~(8)1 510(~0 11110~ 111011~10( 15 (~111(11~0 10 10‬‬

‫‪26‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪8~2‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪.,‬‬ ‫‪~~28‬‬
‫‪01‬‬ ‫)(‪...‬‬
‫‪.,‬‬ ‫‪...1‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪~~+‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫~‪(...‬‬

‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪~0~91‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪- - - - - - - - - -‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪..1~0..~ 2-11‬‬ ‫‪~~01...31~0( ~1(~01(5 300‬‬
‫‪~3...~(0(((15 .‬‬

‫‪27‬‬
‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪2-5‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪500(~~.‬‬ ‫~‪1)510~ 111~ 1(~1- (100 (~0~11010~ 111~ 11(0~ 0(1~10 (11 111~ 0~~10010‬‬ ‫‪0111115‬‬
‫‪(000~, 111~ ~(1(0(1()1 ~0((~0115‬‬ ‫‪~)(~(~55~0 (15‬‬

‫‪~11‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬
‫(~ ~‪1--‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪= 0‬‬ ‫)‪(2-39‬‬

‫‪~111110111(11 ~00011100‬‬ ‫‪11 (( = 0) = 10, (100 ~~ ~(10 501~~ 111~ ~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪(15‬‬

‫‪~5‬‬
‫)((‪11‬‬ ‫‪= -‬‬ ‫‪(+‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫)‪(2-40‬‬
‫~‪(11.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪111~ ~0000~1100‬‬ ‫~‪11(0~ 01 0100‬‬ ‫‪1)1 15 10000‬‬ ‫‪1(0(0‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~00011100‬‬ ‫(( ‪11‬‬ ‫‪(2) = 001‬‬
‫‪~(). (2-40) (100 15‬‬

‫‪(2‬‬ ‫= ‪= -(11.~10‬‬ ‫‪(1(1‬‬ ‫) ‪(2-41‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~5‬‬
‫~‪~00‬‬ ‫( ‪2 15 ~(1110 10( 0 ~ ( ~ (2. ~1111~ ~00 0111115 (000~ (11‬‬
‫‪= (2, (111111~ ~0~(~)1‬‬
‫‪510(~0 10 111~ 1000~10( 1.~ 15 (~10(0~0‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 500(~~.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~(1(1005 ~(1~~10((05 10‬‬
‫‪111~ ~0((~015‬‬ ‫~~‪(100 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪2-110‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪= 10/6.‬‬

‫~‪~~301))1‬‬ ‫‪2-5‬‬

‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~~(~‪10~ ~11‬‬ ‫~(~‪(~~0,,,‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111 01 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪2-10~,‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 111~~11~112111~111011~1~11~~ 01 10‬‬
‫‪1(~11810(111~( 181.,,,‬‬
‫‪= 250 /1-1-1,1-/1 = 10, ~110 1-/2 = 100.‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1~~)(~~~ 111011~1~11~~8~110‬‬
‫‪(~8181~11~~8 0110~ 1(~11810(111~( ~(~ 11~~11~101~. 10~ 8011(~~ ,,,011~~~ 18 ~5 = 220 ~ ~110‬‬
‫‪10~(~ 18 110 111111~1~11((~111111 10~ ~1(~1111. 1110~ 8~11~0 18 ~108~0 10( ~ 11111~(1‬‬
‫‪= 50 /1-8‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪~110 18 10~11 0~~11~0~ (~) 0~1~(111111~ 10~ (~,,,~(8~ ,,,011~~~ 01 0100~ 1)1 (0) ~~1~111~1~ 10‬‬

‫~‪0~1~(111111~ 10~ ~011011~11011 11111~01 0100‬‬

‫‪0~ 10~ 8011(~~.‬‬

‫‪80101)00‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1111118(~110 18 (1‬‬

‫‪= 1-/2/1-/1 = 100/10 = 10.‬‬
‫~‬
‫~(~‪~~~)( ,,,~111~ 01 ~(1111~(~ ~11((~111~ (~) ~~1~111~1~ 10~ ~~~)( ,,,~111~ 018~~0110‬‬ ‫)‪~11((~111~ (0‬‬
‫‪1)1 ~ ~110 (~) 0~1~(111111~ 10~ ~11~(~~ 811~~11~0‬‬

‫‪(~) ~(0111 ~(),. (2-35) 10~ (~,,,~(8~ ,,,011~~~ 0110~ 0100~,‬‬

‫~ ‪1)0 = 220 )( (1 + 10) = 2420‬‬

‫‪(0) ~(0111 ~(),. (2-38) 10~ ~~~)( ,,,~111~0110~ ~(1111~(~ ~11((~111,‬‬

‫‪)( 50‬‬
‫‪10 = 220‬‬ ‫~ ‪44‬‬
‫= ‪250‬‬
‫~‪(~) 10‬‬ ‫~‪~~~)( ,,,~111~ 0110‬‬ ‫~(~‪8~~0110‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111, 16‬‬
‫‪= 1()/(1 = 44/10‬‬ ‫‪= 4.4 ~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫)‪(0) ~(0111 ~(),. (2-41‬‬ ‫~‪10~ ~011011~11011 11111~0110‬‬ ‫‪0100~,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪10‬‬
‫() ‪(2 = 250 )( 44‬‬ ‫‪= 500 /1-8‬‬
‫‪220‬‬
‫‪(~) 10~ ~11~(~~ 811~~11~00~ 10~ 8011(~~,‬‬

‫)‪08111~ ~(),. (2-38‬‬ ‫‪~1~108‬‬

‫~‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪)( 10-6‬‬ ‫‪)( 442‬‬

‫‪= 0.51.,,,15‬‬ ‫‪= 0.5‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪= 0.2421‬‬

‫‪28‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪..,.,,‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪~~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~~0‬‬
‫‪~0,‬‬
‫‪..‬‬

‫)‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪..,,0..‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪-..,.,,‬‬

‫)‪(8‬‬ ‫‪~~~~0~.‬‬
‫‪~~89~801‬‬ ‫)~(‬ ‫‪~8~810~015‬‬

‫‪(1 110101(~~1100(11‬‬ ‫‪51~0(11.‬‬ ‫‪0100~5‬‬

‫‪~ ,€((1/1€,‬‬ ‫‪15 (1 ~1(~1111111(11 ~00~~(15‬‬ ‫‪(10 (1~ 51~0(111010‬‬
‫~‪(1(~ 115~0 ~)(1~051~~1‬‬ ‫‪10 (~~1111~(5.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪510~1~-~11(15‬‬ ‫~~‪11(111-~(1‬‬ ‫(~‪(~~1111‬‬ ‫‪15 111~ 51(0~1~51‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫~‪1~~~ (100 15 001 00((0(111‬‬
‫~‪1100~(51(10010‬‬
‫~~‪(~51511‬‬
‫‪~011(1~~,‬‬
‫~~‪111~ 0~~(111‬‬
‫‪10(10‬‬
‫~‪0100‬‬
‫‪115~0 10 1001151(1(11 (1~~11~(111005.‬‬
‫~‪111~ ~(10~1~1‬‬
‫‪15 5110~0‬‬
‫‪01 (~~1111~( 0~~((11100.‬‬

‫‪1)1 ~00011~15‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬

‫~‪11(111-~~~1~ 01111‬‬
‫‪2-12(1.‬‬
‫‪110~~~~(,‬‬

‫~~‪(100 111~ 10~111 ~011(1‬‬

‫‪10~111 ~011(1~~,‬‬
‫‪11 15 115~111110‬‬
‫‪111~ ~1(~1111 01(1~((1(0‬‬
‫~‪011(10‬‬
‫‪~1111‬‬
‫~~‪111~ ~05111‬‬
‫‪(1~~~(1(5‬‬
‫~‪111~ 0100‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬

‫~‪11(111-~~~1~ 01111‬‬
‫‪(1~(055 111~ 10(10.‬‬
‫‪15 10‬‬
‫‪(1 6/0(/(111(5‬‬
‫‪10~111‬‬
‫~‪011(10‬‬
‫‪(0110-1(1011‬‬

‫~~‪(100 111~ 0111~111 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪15 2~(0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(1~~10((05‬‬ ‫‪10( 111~ 10~111 (100 0111~111 ~011(1~~5‬‬
‫‪(1(~ 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪2-120.‬‬

‫‪~1111011~11‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 0111~111 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(15 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪2-120‬‬ ‫‪15 0~,‬‬ ‫‪11 15 015~0060110115‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬
‫‪~001(1105‬‬ ‫‪11(1((0001~5.‬‬ ‫~(~‪111‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 0111~(~01‬‬ ‫(~‪1~~~5 01 (~~611‬‬ ‫‪~1(~11115 (100 111~ ~~(-‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪10((0(10~~5‬‬ ‫~‪01 (1 (~~1111~( (1(~ 00((0(111~ ~~(1111(11~010 1~((05 01111~ 10110~10‬‬ ‫~‪~(1((1(0~1~(5‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪111~ (11)€,(1(5€ ~(1111~ 01111‬‬ ‫)‪0111~111 (10(10‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫‪1100‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪(1~~((1‬‬ ‫~‪~(1111~ 01111‬‬ ‫)‪0111~111 (10(10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01,‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫‪111~ 0111~111 0-( /10~€,,‬‬

‫= ‪~ 00‬‬ ‫‪110-100‬‬
‫)‪(2-42‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪,1115 ~(1111~ 01111‬‬ ‫‪0111~111 ~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫‪11~,,..5‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪,1115 ~(1111~ 01111‬‬ ‫‪0111~111 ~11((~01,‬‬ ‫‪1~,,..5‬‬

‫‪58~. 2-7‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(2-43‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪€111(1€11()1‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫‪7€((111((1(1011‬‬ ‫)‪7(1(10‬‬ ‫‪01 (1 (~~1111~(,‬‬ ‫‪~111~1115‬‬ ‫‪(1 11~1.1(~ 01 01~(11‬‬
‫‪(100 ~~(01115‬‬ ‫~(‪1.15 10 ~001~(1‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~11~~11.,,~0~88,‬‬ ‫‪18 0~110~0‬‬ ‫‪(18‬‬

‫‪~00‬‬
‫‪11 =-‬‬ ‫)‪(2-44‬‬
‫‪~30‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪111~ 01.11~1.11 .,,011(1~~ ~(10 0~ ~00810~(~0‬‬ ‫‪(18 0~10~ ~001~08~0‬‬ ‫‪011~0‬‬ ‫~‪~001~00~018‬‬
‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~ .,,(111.1~, (100‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫‪111~ (1~ ~001~00~01‬‬ ‫‪0( (1~~1~.‬‬
‫‪111~ €11€((1))€‬‬ ‫)‪((015‬‬ ‫~‪.,,(111.1~01111‬‬ ‫‪(1~ ~001~00~01‬‬ ‫~~‪01 01.11~1.11 .,,011(1‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫)‪(2-45‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(2-46‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪7//1/1/€ 1(1((07,‬‬ ‫‪~111~1118‬‬ ‫~‪(1 01~(181.1(~ 01111‬‬ ‫~‪(1~~1‬‬ ‫‪~001~01,‬‬ ‫‪18 0~110~0‬‬ ‫‪(18‬‬

‫‪1130‬‬
‫~~‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(2-47‬‬
‫‪1100‬‬
‫‪51.1081111.1110~ 8()..‬‬ ‫)‪(2-45‬‬ ‫‪10 8()..‬‬ ‫‪(2-47),‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (1~~1‬‬ ‫(‪1(1~10‬‬ ‫‪~(10 0~ ~)(~(~88~0‬‬ ‫‪(15‬‬

‫‪) (~=.),‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪(7(1115107111€7‬‬
‫~~‬ ‫=‬
‫‪1-/(1111.(1(10111(1((07‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫=‪1‬‬

‫‪18 0~110~0‬‬
‫~‪,,‬‬
‫‪(18‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫)‪(2-48‬‬

‫‪~00‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(2-49‬‬
‫‪11/5‬‬

‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪115 (100 /5 (1(~ 111~ (018 .,,011(1~~ (100 (018 ~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫(~‪1((10810(01‬‬ ‫‪8~~000(1(~,‬‬
‫~‪(~5~~~11.,,~1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪11 ~ 15 111~ (10~1~ 0~1~~~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11.100(101~01(11 ~001~00~015‬‬ ‫‪01111~ 10~1.11 ~1.1((~01‬‬
‫‪(100 .,,011(1~~,‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪15 ~(111~0 111~ 0-15/1/(1(€111€11((111/5/€. 111~ 0-15/1/(1(€111€11(1(1((07 15 0~110~0‬‬
‫‪(15‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~ ‪0 ~ = ~05‬‬ ‫)‪(2-50‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪111~ /1(17111011/( 1(1((07‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪10~1.11 ~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪15 0~110~0‬‬ ‫‪(15‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫_‬ ‫‪/21‬‬

‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬

‫~‪1-1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪/5‬‬

‫‪/1‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫( =‬ ‫)(‬
‫‪.2.‬‬
‫‪/1‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪1‬‬ ‫)‪(2-51‬‬

‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪/1 15 111~ 11.100(101~01(11‬‬ ‫‪(015 ~001~00~01‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪10~1.11 ~1.1((~01.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10~1.11/10~€7‬‬
‫‪1(1((07‬‬ ‫‪15 0~110~0‬‬ ‫‪(15‬‬

‫)‪(2-52‬‬

‫‪30‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪,..,01~. 1110~ 111~01 (0((~11115‬‬ ‫~‪~0(~1‬‬ ‫(~~‪51110501031, 11 = 1, 3110 10~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪13(10(,‬‬
‫‪~~,‬‬ ‫‪~().0315 10~ 015~13(~(/1~111 13(10(,‬‬ ‫‪0~.‬‬ ‫‪~11 10~31 (~(1111~( 500010‬‬ ‫~~~‪03‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫=‬
‫~‪100%, ~30 = 0, ~~ = 0, ~~ = 0, 10‬‬ ‫‪= 1, 1-1~ = 0, 3110~~ = 1.‬‬
‫~‪~)(301()1‬‬ ‫‪2-6‬‬

‫‪111~ (~~1111~( 111 ~1~. 2-123‬‬ ‫‪1135 3 ~11(~1~ (~51511,,,~ 103~ 011(.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~.01111‬‬ ‫‪111~ (3) ~16-‬‬
‫~‪~1~11~~~ (1-1) 10.111 13~10.~ (~) .1~~1~ 13~10.‬‬ ‫‪(~) 1.311510.111~.‬‬ ‫~‪111111231101113~10.‬‬ ‫)~( ~‪311‬‬
‫‪~~3/( 111,,,~.5~ ,,,0113~~ (~1~) 01 ~10~~ ()1.‬‬

‫‪801111100‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 3,,,~(3‬‬ ‫‪0111~111 ,,,01138~ ~~0 15 ~~1111~~ 35‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(2-53‬‬

‫~~‬ ‫)((~)‪~31111011~~ 1(0111 ~1~. 2-121-1 111(11‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫(‪010‬‬ ‫‪7/2‬‬ ‫‪~ ( ~ 7.‬‬ ‫~‪1-1~11~~ ~~ 113,,,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(‪),),/2 ~,,, 5111 (1)( (/‬‬ ‫‪- ~,,,‬‬ ‫‪(1)27‬‬
‫= ‪~~0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(~05‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪1‬‬
‫~‬

‫‪~,,,‬‬
‫= ‪~~0‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬ ‫‪= 0.318~,,,‬‬
‫)‪(2-54‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~0.‬‬ ‫)((‪3 511111501~31 ,,,0113~~ 011) /.‬‬
‫‪0111~111 ,,,0113~~ 15‬‬
‫=‬ ‫~ ( ~ ‪~,,, 5111 (1)( 10. 0‬‬ ‫‪7/2,‬‬
‫)‪(2-55‬‬

‫~‪111~ .1115 ,,,3111~ 01111‬‬

‫‪(= (~,,,‬‬ ‫(‪5111(1)1)2(/‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪~~,,‬‬
‫= ‪~,,,,,‬‬
‫‪( ~)0‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.5~,,,‬‬
‫)‪(2-56‬‬
‫_‬ ‫‪~,0,,‬‬ ‫‪_ 0.5~,,,‬‬
‫‪/,,,,, -‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬

‫‪~.0111 ~().. (2-42), ~~0 = (0.318~,,,)2/~,‬‬ ‫‪311~ 1.0111 ~().. (2-43), ~00 = (0.5~,,,)2/~.‬‬
‫‪(3) ~.0111 ~().. (2-44), 111~~111~1~11~~,11 = (0.318~,,,)2/(0.5~,,,)2‬‬ ‫‪= 40.5%.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(1-1)~.0111 ~().. (2-46), 111~10.11113~10., ~~ = 0.5~,,,/0.318~,,,‬‬ ‫‪= 1.570.157%.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~.0111 ~().. (2-48), 111~.1~~1~ 13~10., 1(~ = --/1.572 - 1 = 1.210.121%.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(~) 111~ .1115 ,,,0113~~ 01111~ 1.311510.111~.‬‬ ‫~‪5~~011~3.‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫)‪(2-57‬‬

‫‪0.5~,,,‬‬
‫‪/=-‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫~‬

‫‪58~. 2-7‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫()‬
‫‪111~ 1)0/(-(1111~~,~(3611~ (~~) 011(311510(111~(, ~ ~ = ~5/5 = 0.707~~,‬‬ ‫‪0.5~~/~.‬‬
‫‪~(0111 ~().. (2-49) 10~ = 0.3182/(0.707 )( 0.5) = 0.286.‬‬
‫‪(~) 111~ ~~3~ (~..,~(5~ (0( 111..,~(5~)010~~111~..,0113~~, 101~ = ~,,,.‬‬

‫~‪~0(~. 1/10‬‬ ‫‪= 1/0.286 = 3.496‬‬ ‫‪51~11111~5 1113110~ 1(3115~0(111~( 11111510~ 3.496‬‬
‫‪11111~513(~~( 10311 1031 ~0~111115 0~111~ 115~0 10 0~11..,~( ~0~~( ~(0111 3 ~11(~ 3~ ..,0113~~.‬‬
‫(‪1015 (~~11~1~( 035 301~0 (1~~1~ ~3~10(, 121 %~ 310~ ~~~1~1~11~~, 40.5%~ 3110 3 ~00‬‬
‫‪10~,‬‬ ‫‪0.286.‬‬ ‫‪111300111011, 10~ 1(3115~0(111~( 035 10 ~3((~ 3 0~ ~11((~111, 3110 1015 (~511115‬‬
‫‪1113 0~ 53111(311011 ~(001~111 0~ 10~ 1(3115~0(111~( ~0(~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~~1115 ~011510~( 10~ ~1(~11110~ ~1~. 2-123 ~110 311 8.1. 1030 35 500~11 111~1~. 2-‬‬
‫‪133.‬‬ ‫‪011~ 10 111011~11..,~1030, 10~ ~011011~11011 ~~(100 0~ 10~ 0100~ 1)1 ~111 ~~1~110‬‬
‫‪0~~0110‬‬ ‫‪1800 111111110~ ~11((~111 0~~0111~5 2~(0.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~3..,~~0(1115 ~0( 10~ ~11((~111 3110‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪32‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(2-58‬‬
‫‪17/11‬‬
‫))‪(1 - ~05(10 + 8‬‬
‫‪210‬‬
‫~(~‪~/1‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪130-1‬‬ ‫)~‪((1)0‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪= 210/.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 3..,~(3~~ 1030 ~1.1((~0115 /00‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1700/~.‬‬
‫‪11 ~30 0~ 001~0 1(001 ~~. (2-58) 1/131 1/1~ 3..,~(3~~ ..,0113~~ (300 ~1.1((~01) ~30‬‬
‫~‪0~ 10~(~35~0 0)1 013/(10~ 8 = 0, ~/11~/115 11055101~0)1 30010~ 3 1(~~~/1~~110~ 0100‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(),,, 35 500~010‬‬ ‫‪~1~. 2-133 ~110 0350~0110~5.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~11~~1011015 0100~ 15 1011(~..,~01‬‬
‫‪3 0~~311..,~ ..,0113~~ 31111~3(10~ 3~(055 10~ 1030~ 300 35 3 (~51.111, 1/1~ 013~0~11~ 510(~0‬‬
‫‪~0~(~)115 10~(~35~0.‬‬ ‫‪~1 ( = (1 = 10/(1),1/1~ ~1.1((~011(001 ()1 15 1(3051~((~0 10 (),,,‬‬
‫‪300 1015 11(0~~55 15 ~311~0 ~0,11111/1((1(/01101 0100~5 300 10~ ~3..,~10(015 3(~ 500~0 10‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~1~. 2-13~.‬‬ ‫~‪0~11~0010‬‬ ‫‪00 1/1~ 1030 1101~ ~0051301,‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1030 ~1.1((~01 013)1 0~ 015-‬‬
‫‪~001101.101.15.‬‬

‫(~‪~ 11.111-~3..,~ (~~1111~( ~1(~1.111~11/1 3 ~~01~(-131111~0 1(30510(01‬‬ ‫‪15 5/10~0 10 ~1~.‬‬

‫‪2-143.‬‬ ‫(~‪~3~/1 /1311 0110~ 1(30510(01‬‬ ‫~‪~11/1115 3550~131~0 0100~ 3~15 35 3 /1311-~3..,‬‬
‫‪(~~1111~( 300 1/1~ 01.11111.11‬‬
‫‪01311.111-~3..,~ (~~1111~( 15 5/10~010‬‬ ‫‪~1~. 2-140.‬‬ ‫~(~‪510~~ 10‬‬
‫‪15 00 0~ ~1.1((~01110~10~ 1/1(01.1~010~ 1(30510(01~(,‬‬ ‫‪1/1~(~ 15 00 0~ 5311.1(31100 11(001~01‬‬
‫(~‪011(30510(01‬‬ ‫‪~0(~.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 3..,~(3~~ 01.11111.11‬‬
‫‪..,0113~~ 15‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪500~0‬‬
‫‪1051~30‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬
‫~‪011.1510‬‬
‫‪2-153.‬‬
‫‪1700‬‬ ‫‪= 7)0‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪(//2‬‬

‫‪3 ~~01~(-131111~0‬‬
‫~‪01.1(10‬‬
‫‪17/11510‬‬
‫(‪(1)( 0‬‬

‫‪1(30510(01~(,‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪217/11‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫‪10~ 1105111..,~ /1311-~)1~1~ 011/1~ /0111.11 ..,0113~~, 1/1~ ~1.1((~01‬‬

‫=‬
‫~~‬
‫‪0.636617/11‬‬

‫‪~01.110 1.15~ 101.1( 0100~5,‬‬

‫)‪(2-59‬‬

‫‪35‬‬

‫‪110~5 10 10~ 1030 1/1(01.1~/1 0100~5‬‬ ‫‪()1 300 ()2.‬‬ ‫~‪01.1(10~ 1/1~ 0~~311..,‬‬ ‫‪~)1~1~, 0100~5‬‬
‫‪()3 300 ()4 ~0001.1~1.‬‬ ‫(‪10~ ~3..,~10(0110‬‬ ‫‪10~ 01.11111.11..,0113~~ 15 500~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~. 2-150‬‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫(‪15 5101113‬‬ ‫‪10 1031‬‬ ‫‪01 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪2-140.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪11~3/(-10..,~(5‬‬ ‫~~‪..,0113‬‬ ‫~‪01 3 0100‬‬ ‫‪15 001)1‬‬
‫‪17/11.‬‬ ‫‪1015‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.11115 /(00~0‬‬ ‫‪35 3 6,/08€‬‬ ‫‪,€~(///€,.‬‬

‫~‪~)(301~1‬‬ ‫‪2-7‬‬

‫‪1110~ (~(1111~( 111~1~. 2-143035‬‬ ‫~ ~(‪3 ~1.1(~1~ (~51511..,~ 1030 01 ~, 0~1~(111111~ 10~ (3) ~111(1~11‬‬
‫(‪(0) 10(111 13(10(~ (() (1~~1~ 13(10(~ (0) 1(311510(111~( 1.11111~31101113(10(~ 3110 (~) ~~3/‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪111..,~(5~ ..,0113~~ (~1~) 01 0100~ /)1.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪80/01100‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 8().. (2-59),‬‬ ‫~~‪10~ 3..,~(3‬‬ ‫‪01.11~1.11..,0113~~ 15‬‬

‫‪217,,,‬‬
‫‪17‬‬
‫‪~ ~0 = - ,,. = 0.636617,,,‬‬

‫‪17~0‬‬ ‫‪0.636617,,,‬‬
‫= ‪/ ~0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(2-60‬‬
‫‪8.‬‬ ‫‪8.‬‬

‫‪58~. 2-8‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(2-61‬‬

‫~‪~10111 6().. (2-42), ,,00 = (0.6366~,,,)2/‬‬ ‫‪31101101116().. (2-43), ,,0_ = (0.707~,,,)2/~.‬‬

‫‪~ = (0.6366~,,,)2/(0.707~,,,)2‬‬
‫‪(3) ~10111 6().. (2-44), 10.~ ~111~1~11~)1,‬‬ ‫‪= 81 %.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(0) ~10111 6().. (2-46), 10.~ 10111113~101, ~~ = 0.707~,,,/0.6366~,,,‬‬ ‫‪= 1.11.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~10111 6().. (2-48), 10.~ 11~~1~ 13~101, 1(~ = ~1.112 - 1 = 0.4820148.2%.‬‬
‫‪(0) 10.~ 11115~0113~~ 0110.~ 113115101111~1‬‬ ‫‪5~~0110(1)1, ~, = ~,,,/0‬‬ ‫‪= 0.707~,,,.‬‬
‫‪10.~ 11115~3111~ 01113115101111~15~~0110(1)1 ~1111~111,/, = 0.5~,,/~.‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ ~011-3111~~1‬‬
‫‪)( 0.707~,,, )( 0.5~,,/~.‬‬
‫‪131111~(~~) 0110.~ 113115101111~1,~ ~ = 2~,/, = 2‬‬ ‫‪~10111 6()..‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(2-49) ,‬‬

‫‪0.63662‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪0.5732 = 57.32%‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪0.707‬‬ ‫()‬
‫= ‪0.5‬‬
‫(‪(~) 10.~ ~~3/‬‬ ‫‪1~~~15~ 010~/(111~ ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫~‪~1‬‬ ‫‪= 2~,,,.‬‬

‫‪~0(€.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪()~1101111311‬‬ ‫~~‪01 3 11111-~3‬‬ ‫‪1~~1111~115‬‬ ‫‪51811111~(1111)11111()10~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111-‬‬

‫‪()31~0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪10 1031‬‬ ‫~~‪01 3 0311-~3‬‬ ‫‪1~~1111~1,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪34‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪- +‬‬
‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪03‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪~---1‬‬
‫‪04‬‬ ‫‪02‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫~‪~,.301()1‬‬ ‫‪2-8‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫(~‪10.~ (~~611‬‬ ‫‪111~1~. 2-1430.38311‬‬ ‫‪8./..., 1030.‬‬
‫‪0013111 ~)(~(~8810118 10( 0111~111 ~0113~~ 1)1.(1) 3110 1030 ~11((~111 /1.(/).‬‬

‫‪8011111011‬‬ ‫(~‪(3) 10.~ (~~611‬‬ ‫‪0111~111 ~0113~~ (113)10~ 0~8~(10~0‬‬

‫~‪(3) 08‬‬ ‫(~‪10.~ 111~10.00 01 ~011(1‬‬
‫‪(0) 11 ~,,, = 170‬‬
‫‪~, / = 60 1-1~, 3110 8. = 500 0, 0~1~(111111~ 10.~ ~3111~ 018~(1~8 111011~1311~~ /..., 10 1111111‬‬
‫‪(1~~1~ ~11((~11110 5% 01/00.‬‬
‫‪8~(1~8 10‬‬

‫‪0)13 ~011(1~( 8~(1~8 (~0.1~0.‬‬

‫‪18 (~~1~~~0‬‬ ‫()‪111~~~~11(1‬‬ ‫)~‬ ‫‪38‬‬
‫~‬

‫)‪1)1.(/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~00‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪11=1,2,...‬‬
‫)‪(/7~ ~08 ,,(,)/ + 0~ 8111 ,,(,)/‬‬ ‫)‪(2-62‬‬

‫‪1 (2..‬‬ ‫‪2 (..‬‬ ‫‪2~,,,‬‬

‫= ‪~00‬‬ ‫)‪1)1.(/) (/((,)/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~~,‬‬ ‫)‪8111 (,)/ (/((,)/‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪270)0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪270)0‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬

‫‪(2..‬‬ ‫‪(..‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫= ~‪/7‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫)‪1)1. ~08 ,,(,)/ (/( (,)/‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪~ )0‬‬ ‫)‪~,,, 8111(,)/ ~08 ,,(,)/ (/( (,)/‬‬
‫‪70 )0‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬

‫‪4~,,,‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪(,, -‬‬ ‫)‪1)(,, + 1‬‬
‫‪70 ~~2.4‬‬

‫‪58~. 2-8‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(2-63‬‬

‫)‪(2-64‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~)‪/70‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪1(111-1-‬‬ ‫)‪(2-65‬‬
‫‪8.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(2-66‬‬

‫)‪(0) 8().11(111011 (2-66‬‬ ‫~‪~1~~8 10.~ 11118~(1111~ 0110.‬‬ ‫‪11~~1~ ~1111~111 (18‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪/30‬‬
‫_‬ ‫‪(411,,,)2‬‬
‫)(‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪(411,,,)2‬‬ ‫~‬
‫)(‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪2,,-2(8.2‬‬ ‫)‪+ (20)~ )2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫)‪2,,-2(8.2 + (40)~ )2‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫~‪~011810~1111‬‬ ‫~‪0111)110.‬‬ ‫‪10~~81-010~1‬‬ ‫~~ ‪= 2),‬‬

‫‪0.(111110111~ (/7‬‬ ‫~~‪0.(1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫= ‪/ 30‬‬
‫‪411,,,‬‬
‫‪0,,-~8.2‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪0.34‬‬
‫‪+ (20)~)2‬‬

‫‪/30‬‬ ‫‪0.481‬‬
‫= ~(‪1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.05‬‬
‫‪/~0‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪+ (20)08.)2‬‬
‫= ‪~01 8.‬‬ ‫‪500 0 (1110/‬‬ ‫‪= 60 1-12, 10.~ 111011~1(111~~~(1111~ 18 001(1111~0 (18 0.4812‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪0.052‬‬
‫)‪(1 + (4 )( 60 )( ,,-0500)2‬‬ ‫~ ‪(111010.18~1~~8‬‬ ‫‪= 6.341-1.‬‬
‫‪1-/0(~.‬‬ ‫~‪111.~ 01111101 0~ (1 ~011-~(1,,,‬‬ ‫‪1~~11~1~1 ~001(1108‬‬ ‫‪001)1 ~,,,~0‬‬ ‫‪11.(1101001~8‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬

‫‪111.~ 8~~000‬‬ ‫‪11.(1101001~ 18 111.~ 01081‬‬ ‫‪000110(101‬‬ ‫~‪00‬‬ ‫‪(100 118 ~1~()0~0~)118‬‬ ‫‪2/‬‬ ‫‪(= 1201(12).‬‬
‫‪111.~ 0011101‬‬ ‫~~‪,,,011(1‬‬ ‫‪10 8().‬‬ ‫)‪(2-63‬‬ ‫~‪~(10 0‬‬ ‫‪0~11,,,~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 811~~11001‬‬ ‫‪0101111111~(11100‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪8~11~11.10‬‬ ‫‪~00~1100,‬‬ ‫‪(100 111.1818 ~)(111(110~0‬‬ ‫()‪10 ~1111~001‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~~‪~ ~ ~(10 0011‬‬ ‫‪~1001‬‬ ‫‪8().‬‬ ‫)‪(2-66‬‬ ‫~~‪111.(11(10 1000~1(10‬‬ ‫‪10 111.~ 10(10 0~~~18‬‬ ‫‪(1 11.1~11.‬‬

‫~~‪10111~0(10‬‬ ‫‪~01111.~ 11.(1101001~ ~011~018‬‬ ‫~‪(100 (1~1811~~ (11111~110 1~00~10‬‬ ‫‪111.~11.(1101001~8.‬‬

‫‪1-10~~,,,~1,‬‬ ‫~~‪111.181000~1(10‬‬ ‫‪1011000~~8‬‬ ‫‪(1 1101~ 0~1(1)1 01111.~ 10(10 ~011~01‬‬ ‫‪~1111. 1~811~~1‬‬

‫‪10 111.~ 101101‬‬ ‫~~~‪,,,011(1‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫~‪10 111.~ ~(18~ 01111.‬‬ ‫~‪810~1~-1111.(18‬‬ ‫~‪11.(111-~3,,,‬‬ ‫‪1~~1111~1,‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫~‪11~~~11.~~110‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪18 1~()011~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 1110,,,10‬‬ ‫~‪311(1111. 101111.18 1000~11,,,‬‬ ‫‪~011~01.‬‬

‫~‪~)(301()1‬‬ ‫‪2.9‬‬

‫~~‪/1-..8111~1~-~0.38~ 0110‬‬ ‫‪1~~1111~1 10.31 811~~11~8 (1 0~ 1110101 18 80.0~11 111~1~. 2-16(1.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬
‫‪11111181(1110 0110.~ 11(1118101111~118 111111)1. 10.~ 10(1018 811~0. 10.(1110.~ 1110101 01(1~8 (111~~1~-‬‬

‫‪36‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫‪-~,,,‬‬
‫‪~~1108,.,,911181‬‬
‫‪~1 __ - /‬‬ ‫‪~0,.,,~0119111‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪18‬‬
‫‪.-‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪- ~8‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪80)01100‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1(~~ 3(1113111(~ ~11((~11101 /~.‬‬
‫(~~‪3110 (0) 111()111()0‬‬

‫‪50.0~11111 ~1~. 2-160.‬‬

‫= ‪1~0‬‬

‫‪30‬‬ ‫=‬
‫~‪2‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪~)0‬‬
‫~‪13~10( 0110.‬‬

‫‪10.~ (1()()1~ ~11((~111 0110.~ 1030.‬‬

‫‪(3) 10.~ ~3~~10(1115‬‬

‫‪12,-,‬‬

‫‪(2,-,‬‬

‫‪/1‬‬
‫~~‪0~1~(111111~ 10.~ (3) 0.3(1110111~ 13~10( 01111()111 ~11((~111, (-1‬‬

‫= )()‪/1(() (/((0‬‬

‫)((‬ ‫‪~05‬‬
‫‪(~~116~(,‬‬

‫‪10.~ 111()111~11((~111 ~311 0~ ~)(()(~55~0‬‬

‫‪/1(1) = /~0 +‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪11=1‬‬

‫()‪/1(0‬‬
‫‪(00‬‬

‫~‪2‬‬

‫)()‪(/( (0‬‬
‫‪~~.‬‬

‫~‪~0(111311~, 3 0~ 111010( 15 0.1~0.1~ 111011~11~~ 3110 3~15 11/(~ 3 1111~( 111 (~011~111‬‬

‫~~‪10( 10.~ 111()111~11((~111 3110 111()01 ~0113‬‬

‫‪~05‬‬

‫‪12,-,‬‬

‫=‬
‫~‬
‫‪/1(0)( +‬‬

‫‪/~ (/((0)() = 0‬‬

‫‪~)0‬‬
‫‪(,-,‬‬
‫(~‪1113 ~011(1‬‬

‫)‪00 5111 /1(0)1‬‬

‫‪1~ ~05‬‬ ‫)()‪/1(0)( (/( (0‬‬

‫~‪0110.‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫(~‪(~~116‬‬
‫‪5~(1~5 35‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬

‫)‪(2-67‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫)‪(2-68‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬

‫= ‪15‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫~~‬
‫‪1~ 1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪( + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9‬‬‫)( )( )( )(‬
‫‪+...‬‬
‫)‬

‫‪58~.2-8‬‬ ‫‪37‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~(0111 ~().‬‬ ‫‪(2-51),‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪11/2‬‬ ‫‪48.43%‬‬
‫= ~‪11‬‬
‫)‪((0.~0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪= 0.4843‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬

‫~)) ‪(/)) 111~ 0151113~~111~111311~1~, ~ = 0 3110 0151113~~111~11113~10~,‬‬ ‫‪= ~05‬‬ ‫= ~‬ ‫‪1.‬‬

‫‪~(0111 ~().‬‬ ‫‪(2-52),‬‬ ‫‪111~ 110~~( 13~10(, ~~ = 0.90 (13~~111~).‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~‬ ‫~~‪03‬‬ ‫‪8~~11111 ~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(2-59‬‬ ‫~‪103110‬‬ ‫~~‪3~~(3‬‬ ‫~~‪01.11~1.11~0113‬‬ ‫‪~01~0‬‬ ‫‪~01.110 0~ 0013111~0‬‬
‫~‪~(0111 8111~1~-~038‬‬ ‫~~‪~1.111-~3‬‬ ‫‪(~~1111~(8‬‬ ‫‪18 0.6366~,,,‬‬ ‫~‪3110 10~8‬‬ ‫‪(~~11~1~(8‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪1.18~0 111‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪3~~11~3110118‬‬ ‫~‪1.1~ 10 10‬‬ ‫~(‪15-/‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1~~~1.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫(~~(‪13‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪01.11~1.11, (/1,.~~-~/1(15‬‬
‫~‪3110 111/1/(/~/1(15‬‬ ‫‪(~~11~1~(8‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪1.18~0.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(~‪~01.1(1‬‬ ‫‪8~(1~8‬‬ ‫~~‪0~ 10~ 01.11~1.11 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪~1~~11‬‬
‫‪0)1 ~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(2-63‬‬ ‫‪11101~31~8‬‬ ‫‪1031‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪01.11~1.11 ~011131118 03(1110111~8‬‬ ‫~‪3110 10‬‬ ‫~‪~(~~1.1~11~)1 0‬‬
‫(‪10~ 1/1110-(1111~11((1/ ~0111~011~11‬‬ ‫‪18 1~0‬‬ ‫~‪11111~8 10‬‬ ‫~~(‪801.1‬‬ ‫‪~(~~1.1~11~)1 (21).‬‬ ‫‪111 ~(3~11~~,‬‬
‫‪3 ~111~( 18 110(111311)11.18~0‬‬ ‫~~‪10 (~01.1‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1~~~1 0~ 03(1110111~8‬‬ ‫~‪111 10~ 1030‬‬ ‫~‪3110 10~ 812‬‬
‫~‪0~ 10‬‬ ‫‪1111~( 0~~(~38~8‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~(~~1.1~11~)1 0~ 10‬‬ ‫‪03(1110111~8.‬‬ ‫‪111 300111011‬‬ ‫~‪10 10‬‬
‫(~~(‪13‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪01.11~1.11 0~ 1111.1111~038~ (~~1111~(8,‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~1.11103111~11131 ~(~~1.1~11~)1‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 10‬‬
‫‪03(1110111~8‬‬ ‫‪18 3180 111~(~38~0‬‬ ‫‪3110 18 () 11111~8 10~ 801.1(~~ ~(~~1.1~11~)1 (()1).‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(~‪(~~1111‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.111 0~ ~1~.‬‬ ‫)‪2-14(3‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬ ‫‪~)(1~110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 1111.1111~1~ ~038~8‬‬ ‫‪0)1‬‬
‫~‪03~111‬‬ ‫‪1111.1111~038~ ~1110111~8‬‬ ‫‪011 10~ 1(3118~0(111~( 8~~01103()1‬‬ ‫‪38 800~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~. 2-173.‬‬
‫‪1018‬‬ ‫~‪~1(~1.111 1113)1 0‬‬ ‫‪~011810~(~0‬‬ ‫~‪38 () 8111~1~-~038‬‬ ‫~~‪031~-~3‬‬ ‫~‪(~~1111~(8 3110 ~311 0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~011810~(~0‬‬
‫‪~0~11‬‬

‫‪~3~0‬‬
‫~~‪10~ ~0113‬‬
‫‪~0( 10~ ~0113~~8‬‬
‫~‪0100‬‬
‫~‪11 ~311 0‬‬
‫~~‪38 3 031~-~3‬‬
‫~‪0~ /(10 ~038‬‬
‫~(‪3110 ~1.1((~1118 3‬‬
‫‪18 270/().‬‬
‫‪11011~~0‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪1)1~~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫(~‪18 01~0‬‬
‫‪800~11‬‬

‫‪2-170‬‬
‫‪/(10‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬
‫(~‪10311 1031 0~ 010‬‬
‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬

‫‪1031‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫~‪~111 ~01101.1~1 01.1(111~ 10‬‬

‫‪2-170.‬‬
‫‪~038~8.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬

‫~‪~1.1((~111 50~111‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪~01101.1~11011 ~~(100‬‬

‫‪10(01.1~0‬‬
‫‪~~(100‬‬
‫‪~3~~~0(1118‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪8~~-‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬

‫‪01103()1‬‬ ‫‪~1110111~ 18 1.111101(~~11011313110‬‬ ‫‪~011131118 3 0~ ~0111~011~111.‬‬ ‫~‪0111)1011‬‬ ‫‪8~~01103()1‬‬

‫~‪~1110111‬‬ ‫‪~3((1~8‬‬ ‫(‪~1.1((~111 31 3 ~3(11~1.113‬‬ ‫~‪11111~, 3110 38 3 (~81.111 10‬‬ ‫‪~(11113()1‬‬ ‫~‪1111.1810‬‬
‫‪~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪111 0~113‬‬ ‫(~‪111 0(0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1111111131~ 10~ 0~ ~0111~011~111111‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 111~1.11810~ 0~ 10‬‬
‫(~‪1(3118~0(111‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪3~~(3‬‬ ‫~~‪01.11~1.11 ~0113‬‬ ‫~‪~0( 3 ()-~038‬‬ ‫(~‪(~~11~1‬‬ ‫‪18 ~1~~11 0)1‬‬

‫)‪(2-69‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1/2‬‬
‫)(‬
‫‪~,,,‬‬
‫‪( 270 (~ +‬‬
‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬

‫~ ‪2‬‬ ‫‪8111‬‬
‫‪270‬‬

‫))‬ ‫)‪(2-70‬‬

‫‪1~ 10~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪18 ~1.1(~1)1 (~81811~~,‬‬ ‫(‪10~ ~~3/‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~11110(01.1~0‬‬ ‫~‪3 0100‬‬ ‫‪18 1,,,‬‬ ‫‪= ~ ,,,/~ 3110‬‬
‫~~‬ ‫~‪~311 ~1110 10‬‬ ‫~‪(1118 ~311.1~ 0~ 3 0100‬‬ ‫(‪~1.1((~111 (0‬‬ ‫(~‪1(3118~0(111‬‬ ‫‪8~~01103()1‬‬ ‫)‪~1.1((~111‬‬

‫‪38‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪*-‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(2-71‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1,,,‬‬
‫‪( 210‬‬ ‫‪(~ + 2‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬
‫‪510‬‬
‫)) ~‬
‫‪210‬‬

‫~‪~~3(1))1‬‬ ‫‪2-10‬‬

‫~‪~ 10(~~-~035‬‬ ‫‪513( (~~611~( 035 3 ~11(~1~ (~5156~~ 1030 ~110 ~ 00015.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~(01111~ 10‬‬
‫)~( ~(‪(3) ~111~1~11~~~ (0) 10(01 13~10(~ (~) (1~~1~ 13~10(~ (0) 1(311510(01~( 116112.31101113~10‬‬
‫‪~~3/( 111~~(5~ ~0113~~ (~1~) 01 ~3~0 0100~~ 3110 (1) ~~3/( ~11((~11110(011~0‬‬ ‫~‪3 0100‬‬ ‫~‪1110‬‬
‫‪(~~611~( 0~11~~(5 /~0 = 30 ~ 31 3 0111~111 ~0113~~ 01 ~~0 = 140~.‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪2-9‬‬ ‫‪39‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)(‪8010~)0‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪3 111(~~-~1135‬‬ ‫(~‪(~~1111‬‬ ‫‪().‬‬ ‫‪= 3 111~().5. (2-69), (2-70),‬‬ ‫‪3110 (2-71).‬‬
‫‪(3) ~(0(11 ~().. (2-69),‬‬ ‫‪~00 = 0.827~,,,‬‬ ‫‪3110100 = 0.827~,,,/~.‬‬ ‫‪~(0(11 ~().. (2-70),‬‬
‫‪~,,,,,‬‬ ‫‪= 0.84068~,,,‬‬ ‫‪3110 1,,,,, = 0.84068~,,,/~.‬‬ ‫‪~(0(11 ~().. (2-42),‬‬ ‫‪~00 = (0.827~~,)2/~,‬‬
‫‪1(0(11 5().. (2-43),‬‬ ‫‪~30 = (0.8406811,,,)2/~,‬‬ ‫‪31101(0(11 5().. (2-44),‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~111~1~11~)1,‬‬

‫~‪(0.827‬‬ ‫‪,,,)2‬‬
‫= ‪11‬‬
‫‪(0.84068~,,,)2 = 96.77%‬‬
‫‪(0) ~(0(115().. (2-46), 111~10((1113~10(,~~ = 0.84068/0.827 = 1.0165‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪101.65%.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(~) ~(0(11 5().. (2-48),‬‬ ‫~~ ‪111~ (1~~1~ 13~10(,‬‬ ‫‪= ~1.01652‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1 = 0.1824‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪18.24%.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~(0(11 ~().. (2-57),‬‬ ‫‪111~((115 ~0113/1,~ 01111~ 1(311510((11~( 5~~01103()1,‬‬ ‫‪~, = 0. 707~,,,.‬‬
‫‪~(0(11 ~().. (2-71),‬‬ ‫‪111~ ((115 ~11((~111 01111~ 1(311510((11~( 5~~01103()1,‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~(0(11 5().. (2-49),‬‬

‫‪5~~01103()1‬‬
‫(‪(~) 111~ ~~3/‬‬
‫‪~~ = 3~/5 = 3‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬

‫‪1111~-10-1111~ ~0113/1,~.‬‬
‫‪--‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪0.707‬‬
‫~‪111~~(5~ ~0113/1,~ 01 ~3~11 0100‬‬
‫()‬

‫‪0.8272‬‬

‫~‪111(~~-~1135‬‬
‫‪0.707~,,,‬‬

‫()‬

‫‪111~ 1111~-10-1111~~0113/1,~ 15 -0 11(11~5 111~ ~1135~ ~0113/1,~ 3110 111115.,1~ = -0~,,,.‬‬

‫(‪~0‬‬
‫‪(1) 111~ 3~~(3/1,~ ~11((~111111(011/1,11 ~3~11 0100~ 15‬‬

‫‪(). = 3, 1,) = 0.27571,,,.‬‬

‫(‪10 ~ 3110 11115/1,1~~5 111~ ~~3/‬‬

‫~‪~)(301()1‬‬ ‫‪2-11‬‬

‫‪(3) 5)(~(~55‬‬
‫‪_ -./4‬‬
‫‪1,)= 2‬‬
‫‪27001‬‬
‫‪1,,, ~05‬‬ ‫)()‪(1)( (/((1‬‬

‫‪111~ 3~~(3/1,~ ~11((~111111(011/1,11‬‬

‫= ‪~11((~111 35 1,,,‬‬
‫()‬

‫‪0 664‬‬
‫‪0.4854 - . 3‬‬
‫‪0.4854~,,,‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪= 1,,, - 5111-‬‬
‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪().‬‬
‫~‬

‫(‪15 ~().1131 10 111~ ~~3/‬‬

‫‪~1(~11115 3(~ (~~1~~~0‬‬
‫()‪111 ~~~~11(1‬‬

‫= ‪~3~11 0100~ 15 1,) = 30/3‬‬

‫‪10/0.2757‬‬

‫‪111~ 0111~111 ~0113/1,~ 01 3 ().-~1135~ (~~1111~( 111 ~1/1,. 2-173‬‬

‫‪= 36.27‬‬
‫‪70‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬
‫~‪~3111~ 01111‬‬

‫(~‪111~011(1‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬

‫)‪(2-72‬‬

‫‪5~(1~5.‬‬
‫‪(0) 11 (). = 6, ~,,, = 170 ~ 3110 111~ 511~~1)11(~().11~11~)115 / = 60 1-12, 0~1~((11111~ 111~ ((115‬‬
‫‪~3111~ 01111~ 00(111113111113((110111~ 3110 115 1(~().11~11~)1.‬‬

‫)(‪8010~)0‬‬ ‫‪(3) 111~ ~3~~10((115‬‬ ‫‪10( ().-~1115~5 3(~ 5110~11 111~1/1,. 2-170‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~ 1(~().11~11~)1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪01111~ 0111~111 15 (). 11(11~5 111~ 1111103(11~11131~0(11~011~111 (()./).‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪1/110 111~ ~0115131115 01‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫(~‪111~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫~(‪5~(1~5, ~~ 1111~/1,(31~ 1(0(11 -70/(). 10 70/(). 3110 111~ ~0115131115 3‬‬

‫‪0~ = 0‬‬
‫‪1 -./4‬‬
‫‪(1~ = -‬‬ ‫)()‪~,,, ~05 (1)( ~05 (/(1)( (/( (1‬‬
‫‪70/ (). 1 --./.‬‬

‫‪().~~,‬‬ ‫‪) 5111 (((/‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪1)70/().‬‬ ‫‪5111 (((/‬‬ ‫‪+ 1)70/().)1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪(/-1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪(/+1‬‬
‫‪70 1‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪().~,,, ((/ + 1) 5111(((/ -‬‬ ‫)‪1)70/().‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪((/‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1) 5111 (((/‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪1)70/().‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪(/2 -‬‬
‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪40‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~11~.‬‬ ‫‪81111~)111((111011‬‬ ‫(‪(1110 111~11 118111~ 1.1~0110111~1.1‬‬ ‫‪.~)(1110118111~8‬‬

‫)‪8111(..4 + 8‬‬ ‫‪= 8111..4(08 8 + (08..4 81118‬‬

‫‪2(/~,,,‬‬
‫‪00‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪70(112‬‬
‫_‬ ‫)‪1‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪11 8111‬‬
‫‪1170‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪(/‬‬
‫‪(08‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫‪-(/ -‬‬ ‫‪(08‬‬
‫‪(/‬‬
‫‪. 70‬‬
‫‪-1170 8111‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪(/‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫)‪(2-73‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~0. (1 .~(1111~. ~1111 (/ ~11)8~8 ~~. (~()~, 111~ 11(1.1110111(801111~ 0111~111 ,,,0)1(1~~ (1.~~ (/111,‬‬
‫‪2(/111,3(/111,4(/111‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~~. (2-73) 18 ,,,(1)10 10.11 = 0,1(/,2(/,‬‬ ‫‪3(/.‬‬ ‫)‪111~ 1~.111 8111 (1170/(/‬‬
‫‪811170 = 0 (1110~~.‬‬ ‫‪(2-73) 0~(0111~8‬‬

‫‪11(/708111‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪00 = 700~(/‬‬ ‫‪((08‬‬
‫)~‬ ‫)~‬

‫)‪(2-74‬‬

‫‪~111(,31118111~ 8(1111~(18 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪(2-69).‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~011.1~.‬‬ ‫‪8~.1~8 01111~ 0111~111 ,,,0)1(1~~ 18 ~)(~.~88~0‬‬
‫‪(18‬‬

‫)((‪1)1-‬‬
‫‪00‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫~‬
‫=‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪0~~~.‬‬
‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪(08‬‬ ‫()‪11().‬‬

‫‪51108111111111~111~ ,,,(1)11~ 01 00, ~~ 001(1111‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪1)1-=~,,,18111‬‬
‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪(/‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪1-‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪0~~.2~...‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪.11-1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪(08‬‬
‫‪1170‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪(/‬‬
‫‪(08‬‬ ‫()‪11().‬‬
‫)‬ ‫)‪(2-75‬‬

‫)‪. . .‬‬ ‫)‪(2-76‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(‪81)(111 11(1.1110111‬‬ ‫‪18 111~ 00111111(1111 011~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫)‪.1118 ,,,(1)11~ 01 (1 8111118010(1‬‬ ‫~~‪,,,0)1(1‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫~‪1/‬‬ ‫‪11111~8118 ~~(1)( 111(1~1111110~,(1110 111~ .1118 01111~ 81)(11111(1.1110111( 18 ~6‬‬ ‫‪= ~~,‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪0.9549/(35‬‬ ‫)~‬ ‫‪= 6.56 ~ (11101181.~~11~11(~18/6 = 6/ = 360 1-12.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪10.~~-~0(18‬‬ ‫~~‪0.10‬‬ ‫‪.~(1111~.‬‬ ‫‪18 ~~1)1 ~0111111011 111 01~0-~0~~1‬‬ ‫‪(1~~)1~(1110118‬‬ ‫‪(1110 18‬‬
‫‪800~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪2-18.‬‬ ‫‪101818‬‬ ‫~~‪(1 //4//-)1/(1‬‬ ‫‪,~~1///~,.‬‬ ‫~‪11 ~(111 0~~.(11‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫‪01 ~1100111‬‬
‫‪(1 1.(1118101111~1‬‬ ‫~‪(1110 ~1~~8 81)(-~1118~ 11~~1~8 011 10‬‬ ‫‪0111~111 ~011(1~~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪0100~8‬‬ ‫~‪(11‬‬
‫‪11111110~1~0 111 0.0~1‬‬ ‫‪01 ~011011~11011 8~()11~11~~8‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~(1~0 011~ ~011011~18 101 1200.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪~011011~11011‬‬
‫‪8~~11~11~~101 0100~8 18 12, 23, 34, 45, 56, (111061.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~(11101 0100~8‬‬
‫‪~01~0‬‬ ‫‪(11~ ~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪10(11 ~(111 01 811~~1)11111~8‬‬ ‫‪0(1~111~ 10~ 01~0~81‬‬ ‫‪(1111011111‬‬
‫‪0111181(1111(111~0118‬‬ ‫~~‪1111~-10-1111~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪~111 ~011011~1.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪1111~-10-1111~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪58~. 2-10‬‬ ‫‪41‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~01‬‬ ‫~‪1‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪03‬‬ ‫‪05‬‬

‫‪~1.‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫‪06‬‬ ‫‪02‬‬
‫~‪1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪~-‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1101~5 111~ ~1135~ ~01138~ 013 111(~~-~1135~ ~ -~01111~~1~0 5011(~~.‬‬
‫‪~011011~11011 1101~5 01 0100~5 3(~ 5110~11 111~18. 2-19.‬‬
‫‪111~ 3~~(38~ 0111~111 ~01138~ 15 1011110 1(001‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪(70/6‬‬
‫‪~00‬‬ ‫‪= 2,,,/6)0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~,,,‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬
‫())(‬ ‫)‪(/( ())/‬‬
‫)‪(2-77‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪= -~,,,‬‬
‫‪,,,‬‬ ‫‪= 1.6542~,,,‬‬

‫)‪(2-78‬‬

‫)‪(2-79‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(2-78‬‬

‫‪42‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪0~0(195‬‬
‫~_‪/-56-~-61-~-12-~-23--~_34_~_45‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬
‫~~~‬ ‫~‪~8‬‬ ‫~‪~3‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪~08‬‬ ‫‪~~8‬‬

‫‪- -.(3~,,.,‬‬

‫‪-.(3~,,.,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪,,‬‬ ‫‪2,,‬‬ ‫‪,,‬‬ ‫‪4,,‬‬ ‫‪5,,‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪~~~8‬‬
‫‪/‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~-.(3~,,.,‬‬
‫‪~~8‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫‪,,‬‬ ‫‪%‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪- - - ,..- - - -/-~ - - - -+- - - - --‬‬
‫~‬

‫‪~01‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬

‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫~‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪,,‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪~)(301().‬‬ ‫‪2-12‬‬

‫‪~ 111(~~-))113$~ 0(10~~ (~~1111~( 113$ 3 ))11(~1)1 (~$1$11~~ 1030 0( ~.‬‬ ‫)‪))~1~(01111~ 111~ (3‬‬
‫(~‪~((1~1~11~)1~ (0) (0(01 (3~10(~ (~) (1))))1~ (3~10(~ (0) 1(311$(0(01‬‬ ‫)~( ~(‪1111/12311011 (3~10‬‬
‫‪))~3/( 111~~($~ (0( (~~~($~) ~0113~~ (~1~) 0( ~3~11 0100~ ~ 3110 (() ))~3/( ~11((~111 111(011~11‬‬
‫‪3 0100~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(~‪(~~11(1‬‬ ‫‪0~11~~($‬‬ ‫‪/00‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~ ‪60‬‬ ‫~~‪31 311 0111))111 ~0113‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪1/00‬‬ ‫‪= 280.7 ~ 3110‬‬
‫‪111~ ((~()11~11~)1 0( 111~ $011(~~ 1$ 60 1-12.‬‬

‫‪80.01100‬‬ ‫‪(3) ~(001‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬ ‫‪(2-77),‬‬ ‫= ‪1/00‬‬ ‫‪1.65421/~.‬‬ ‫= ‪3110 /00‬‬ ‫‪1.65421/,,/~.‬‬ ‫‪~(001‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬
‫‪(2-78),1/,,,-,,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪= 1.65541/,,, 3110/,,,-,, = 1.65541/,,,/~.‬‬ ‫‪~(001~().‬‬ ‫‪(2-42), ~00 = (1.65421/,,,)2/‬‬
‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪((001‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬ ‫‪(2-43),‬‬ ‫‪~.0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(1.65541/,,,)2/~,‬‬ ‫‪3110 ((001‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬ ‫)‪(2-44‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~((1~1~11~)1,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(1.65421/,,,)2‬‬
‫= ‪11‬‬
‫‪(1.65541/,,,)2‬‬ ‫‪= 99.86%‬‬

‫~~ ‪(0) ~(001 ~(). (2-46), 111~(0(01 (3~10(,‬‬

‫‪= 1.6554/1.6542 = 1.0007 = 100.07%.‬‬
‫~~ ‪(~) ~(001 ~(). (2-48), 111~ 0))))1~ (3~10(,‬‬
‫‪= ~1.00072‬‬ ‫= ‪- 1 = 0.0374‬‬
‫‪3.74%.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~(001 ~(). (2-57), 111~(01$ ~0113~~ 0(111~ 1(311$(0(01~( $~~01103()1, 1/,‬‬
‫‪= 0. 7071/,~.‬‬

‫‪58~. 2-10‬‬ ‫‪43‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪/5 = 0.7804/,,, = 0.7804‬‬

‫()‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪,,,011-3111~~1‬‬ ‫~‪131111~ 01111‬‬ ‫‪113115110111~1,‬‬

‫‪)( 0.707~,,,‬‬ ‫‪)( 0.7804‬‬ ‫()‬

‫~~‬ ‫‪= 3~/)5 = 3‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~~‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~10111 5().. (2-49),‬‬
‫‪1.65422‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪.95‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫()‬
‫~‬ ‫()‬
‫‪0.707‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪0.7804 = 0 45‬‬
‫‪(~) ~10111 5()..‬‬ ‫‪(2-77),‬‬ ‫()‪111~ ~~3‬‬ ‫‪1111~-11~111131,,,0113~~ 15 ~...‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪280.7/1.6542‬‬ ‫=‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪169. 7 ~.‬‬ ‫()‪111~ ~~3‬‬ ‫~‪111,,,~15~ ,,,0113~~ 01 ~3~11 0100‬‬ ‫~‪15 ~().113110 111~ ~~3)( ,,,3111~ 01111‬‬
‫()‬
‫~‪5~~011031~ 1111~-10-1111‬‬
‫~‪,,,0113~~, ~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~ = ‪~ ~,,,‬‬ ‫‪169.7 = 293.9~.‬‬
‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪3,,,~13‬‬ ‫‪~1111~1111111011~11‬‬ ‫~‪~3~11 0100‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪(~/6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪71‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪/,,, ~05 ().)( ~(().)() = /,,,‬‬ ‫‪0.3184/,,,‬‬
‫~‪/‬‬
‫‪271)0‬‬ ‫= ‪~ 5111 6‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪3,,,~13‬‬ ‫‪~1111~1111111011~11‬‬ ‫~‪~3~11 0100‬‬ ‫~‪15 /‬‬ ‫‪= 60/3‬‬ ‫(‪= 20 ~ 3110 111~ ~~3/‬‬ ‫‪~1111~11115‬‬
‫‪/,,, = 20/0.3184 = 62.81 ~.‬‬
‫‪1-/0(~.‬‬ ‫‪11115 1~~1111~1‬‬ ‫)(~‪11115 1111~10,,,‬‬ ‫‪~~1101111110~~5‬‬ ‫‪~0051()~11101)1‬‬ ‫)(~‪~0111~111‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪51)( ~015~5.‬‬
‫~‪11111101111‬‬ ‫‪1110111~11115~ 1~~1111~1 10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪2-17‬‬ ‫‪~1111‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪111~ ()~51~0‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪01111~~1111~110,,,01,,,~5‬‬ ‫~‪()~1~11111010‬‬
‫)(~‪111110~5 01 ()10()~5 111~ 00(1111111)1 5~~~111‬‬
‫‪111~ 111110~5 015~1111~00()0~101‬‬ ‫‪()10()~5.‬‬
‫‪10 1~11115 01111~ 11,,,~111~~ ~011~01,‬‬ ‫‪11115‬‬
‫‪~011~01,‬‬ ‫‪~~11/( ~011~01,‬‬ ‫~‪110() ~~11/( 10,,,~15‬‬ ‫‪,,,01111~~.‬‬ ‫~‪111~1‬‬ ‫‪111~ 00 51110()111() ~10~~()01~5‬‬
‫‪()10()~ ~011~015‬‬ ‫)(‪110‬‬
‫~‪101111‬‬ ‫‪()~51~0,‬‬ ‫‪001/115‬‬ ‫)(~‪1~().011‬‬ ‫~‪10 ()~1~111110‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 51111~~5 01111‬‬
‫‪,,,01111~~5.‬‬
‫~~‬ ‫)(~~‪1111,,,~ 0011‬‬ ‫‪10 ~().5.‬‬ ‫‪(2-63),‬‬ ‫‪(2-66),‬‬ ‫)‪110() (2-76‬‬ ‫‪111111 111~ 001~01‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬
‫‪1~~1111~15‬‬ ‫‪~0011110 11111111001~5.‬‬ ‫)‪10 11()()11100, ~().. (2-66‬‬ ‫~‪10()1~111~5 111111 111~ 11~~1‬‬
‫‪~011~01‬‬ ‫)(~~‪~110 0~ 1~()0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 ~000~~110‬‬ ‫‪110 10()0~101‬‬ ‫‪10 5~11~5 ~1111111~ 1011().‬‬ ‫‪~111~15‬‬
‫‪()~ 001~01‬‬ ‫~~‪,,,01111‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪1~~1111~1‬‬ ‫)(‪110‬‬ ‫~‪111~5‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~‪~110 0~ 05~() 10 511100111 001 111‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪/(00~0‬‬ ‫‪115 0.~ ///(~,.5.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~)(‬ ‫‪1111~15 111~ 0501111)1 01 1.., ~, 110() 1.. ~ 1)1~~, 115 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪2-20.‬‬ ‫~‪011‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 1~~1111~111100‬‬ ‫‪11~1100,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10~01‬‬ ‫‪~011~01‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪1~~1111~1‬‬ ‫‪11150‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫~=‪8.‬‬
‫‪).0‬‬ ‫~‪~1‬‬
‫·=‪8.‬‬
‫~‪~1‬‬
‫~‪1‬‬ ‫~‪1‬‬ ‫~‪1‬‬
‫)‪~(8‬‬
‫)~(‬ ‫)~(‬

‫‪~1~11..~2-20‬‬ ‫‪1)( (11(~15.‬‬

‫‪44‬‬ ‫‪01008‬‬ ‫‪(1~~0115 8/10 88~111(8~5‬‬ ‫‪((,8~.‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~011131115 113(1110111~5 3110 311 (1~ /1/(€7‬‬ ‫~‪15 1.15~0 10 ~111~( 01.11 50111~ 01111‬‬ ‫‪113(1110111~5 1(0111‬‬
‫‪111~ 51.111111~5~51~111.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪3~ 1111~( 15 110(111311~ 011..‬‬ ‫‪1~11~,‬‬ ‫‪35 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪2-21.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~0(111311~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1111~( 0~51~11‬‬ ‫‪(~()1.11(~5‬‬ ‫‪0~1~(111111111~ 111~ 1113~11111.10~5 3110 ~(~()1.1~11~1~5‬‬
‫‪01111~ 113(1110111~5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 51~115111~01~~0111‬‬ ‫‪0~51~11111~ (~~1111~(5‬‬ ‫‪31101111~(5‬‬ ‫‪3(~ ~)(1113111~0‬‬
‫‪0~ ~)(3111111~5.‬‬
‫~))(‪~)(301‬‬ ‫‪2-13‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~‪~ 111(~~-~1135~ 0(10‬‬ ‫~~‪(~~1111~( 511~~11~5 3 111~111~111011~11,,,~1030 511~1111131 111~ 3,,,~(3‬‬
‫‪1030 ~11((~11115 /00 = 60 ~ 3110 111~ (1~~1~ ~0111~11115 11~~11~101~. 0~1~(111111~ 111~ (31111~5‬‬
‫‪01111~ 0100~5 11111~ 1111~-10-11~111(31 ,,,0113~~ 01111~ 511~~1~ 15 120 ~ 31 60 (-(2.‬‬

‫‪80)01100‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~11((~1115 111(011~11 111~ 0100~5 3(~ 5110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪2-22.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 3,,,~(3‬‬
‫‪~11((~111 01 3 0100~, /,) = 60/3‬‬
‫‪= 20~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (015 ~11((~11115‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪5-./6‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫= ~‪/‬‬
‫(‬‫‪2~ 1-./6‬‬ ‫)‬
‫)())(()( ‪/~0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪-0‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 46.19‬‬
‫= ~‪111~ ~~3)( 111,,,~(5~,,,0113~~, ()1‬‬ ‫~ =‪~ 1/,,,‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪-0‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪120 = 294 ~.‬‬
‫‪~0(€.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 13~10( 01‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪15 1.15~0 10 ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪(1115 10 11~3~ ~311.1~.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~8 ---‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫‪,.,1‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫‪211‬‬ ‫‪~411‬‬
‫‪~02‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪511‬‬ ‫‪211‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪~---~-‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪,.,1‬‬
‫~‬
‫__‪,03‬‬
‫‪,.‬‬ ‫_‪1‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪,04‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫‪__1-‬‬
‫‪~-----‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~05‬‬
‫‪~8‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪106‬‬
‫‪~8‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪58~. 2-11‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~,.301~1~ 2-14‬‬
‫‪10~ ~11((~11110(011~0 3 0100~ 15 500~11 111~1~. 2-23.‬‬ ‫‪1)~1~((11111~10~ (3) ((115 ~11((~111,‬‬
‫= ‪3110 (0) 3,,,~(3~~ 0100~ ~11((~11111(1 = 100 ~5, (2‬‬ ‫‪350 ~5, (3 = 500 ~5, / = 25011~,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~ = 5 /(11~, 1,,, = 450 ~, 311010 = 150~.‬‬
‫‪801111100‬‬ ‫~‪(3) 10‬‬ ‫‪((115 ,,,3111~ 15 0~1111~0 35‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫= ‪1‬‬ ‫‪1~) (1,,, 5111(05()2 (/( +‬‬ ‫)(‪1~3 1~ (/‬‬ ‫) ‪(2-81‬‬
‫~~‬ ‫~‬
‫)‪(2-82‬‬
‫~(~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪(05‬‬
‫‪= 270/5= 31,415.93 (30/5,‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪70/(05‬‬ ‫‪= 100 ~5, 31101 = 1//.‬‬

‫‪(/()1/2‬‬
‫= ‪1~1‬‬ ‫‪1~1 (1,,, 5111 (05()2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1,,, ~/~1‬‬ ‫) ‪(2-83‬‬
‫~~‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫= ‪1~2‬‬
‫~ ‪= 50.31‬‬

‫‪(7‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪(3‬‬

‫‪1(2 10‬‬
‫(‪(/‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫)‬ ‫‪= 10 //((3‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫) ‪(2-84‬‬

‫‪= 29.05 ..4‬‬

‫~‪51105111111111‬‬ ‫‪~().5.‬‬ ‫)‪(2-83‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫)‪(2-84‬‬ ‫‪111 ~()..‬‬ ‫‪(2-82),‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪((115 ,,,3111~ 15‬‬

‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪/~(1‬‬ ‫_‬
‫= ‪1‬‬ ‫‪+ /~/((3‬‬ ‫))‪(2‬‬
‫~‬ ‫)‪(2-85‬‬
‫~ ‪= (50.312 + 29.052)1/2 = 58.09‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪3,,,~(3‬‬ ‫‪~11((~11115‬‬ ‫‪1011110 1(0(11‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫(‪(/‬‬
‫= ‪/~0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪(/,,, 5111(05() (/( + -‬‬ ‫‪/0‬‬ ‫)‪(2-86‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪1 1,(2‬‬ ‫)‬
‫)‪(2-87‬‬

‫)‪(2-88‬‬

‫)‪(2-89‬‬

‫‪46‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~ ‪12.79‬‬

‫~‪~,.801()1‬‬ ‫‪2-15‬‬

‫~‪~ 1-~ ~111~~ 88 8110~11 111~1~. 2-20‬‬ ‫‪18 118~0 10 ~~011~~ 111~ ~1~~1~ ~0111~111 0~ 111~ 0111~111‬‬
‫~~‪~0118‬‬ ‫‪~0~ 8 8111~1~-~1188~ ~1111-~8~~ ~~~611~~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1080 ~~8181811~~, 8.‬‬
‫‪= 40 0, 1080‬‬
‫= ‪111011~1811~~, 1-‬‬ ‫‪10 11111, 8110 8011~~~ ~~~()11~11~~ 18 60 112 (0~ 377 ~80/8).‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~~111111‬‬
‫~~‪111~ ~8111~8 0~ 1-_ 8110 ~_ 80 11181111~ ~1~~1~ ~8~10~ 0~ 111~ 0111~111 ~0118‬‬ ‫‪18 10%.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪801111100‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~()111~81~111 ~1~~1111~0~ 111~ 118~1110111~818 8110~11 111~1~. 2-24.‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫~(‪1118/‬‬
‫‪11 ~881~~ ~0~ 111~ 11111118~1110111~~1~~1~ ~11~~~11110 ~888 111~011~11111~ ~111~~ ~8~8~110~,‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~~‪1080 1111~~0811~~ 11111810~ ~~~81~~ 11181111181 0~ 111~ ~8~8~110‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫~~‪~0118~~-01~10‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪8110 11110~~ 11118~011016011,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~~~~~1 0~ 111~ 1080 ~111 0~ 11~~11~101~.‬‬
‫~‪111~ 11111118~1110111~~0111~011~111 8~~~8~111‬‬
‫‪~111~ 8110 18 ~)(~~~88~0‬‬ ‫‪88‬‬
‫~‪011 111~ 0111~111 ~811 0~ ~011110 0~ 118111~ 111‬‬

‫‪~0~ 8 8~~~1~1~0 ~8111~ 0~ ~30 8110 ~1111111~ ~8111~ 0~ ~_ ~~0111 ~().‬‬

‫‪~811 0~ ~0111~111~0.‬‬
‫‪118~1110111~. ~~0111 ~().‬‬
‫~~‬
‫‪(2-90),‬‬
‫‪~811 81111~11~~111~ ~0111~11186011 0~ ~011810~~111~ 0111~ 111~ 001111118111‬‬
‫)‪(2-63‬‬
‫‪8110118 ~1118~8111~ 18 ~2 = 4~,,,/(3‬‬
‫~‪~~ ~1110 11181 111~ 8~~0110 118~1110111~18 111~ 001111118111011‬‬
‫)‪070‬‬ ‫‪8110 111~0~ ~8111~, ~00 = 2~,~/70.‬‬
‫)‪(2-90‬‬

‫~‪111~ ~1118~8111~ 0‬‬

‫) ‪(2-91‬‬

‫)‪(2-92‬‬

‫_‪111~ ~8111~ 0~ 1-‬‬

‫‪~0~ 11 = 2 ~()8.‬‬ ‫)‪(2-91‬‬ ‫)‪8110 (2-92‬‬ ‫~~‪~1‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪..)~0..~ 2-24‬‬ ‫‪~()01~31~(11 (1~(011 (0~ 113~-‬‬

‫‪~0(11(5.‬‬

‫‪88~. 2-11‬‬ ‫‪47‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪10‬‬
‫~~ ‪~. = 470)-/~2 + (470/~)2 = 326‬‬

‫)‪~~0111 ~().. (2-47‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~111111~ ~3~10‬‬ ‫‪18 0~~111~0‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~.0‬‬ ‫‪~02‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪= 0 .1‬‬
‫~~‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫)‪((470/)2~.~. - 1‬‬
‫‪~00‬‬ ‫‪~00‬‬ ‫‪~00 (470/)2~.~.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪0~ (470/)2~.~. - 1 = 4.714 3110~. = 30.831111-1.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪~,.3111()1‬‬ ‫‪2-16‬‬

‫~~ ‪~11‬‬ ‫‪11111111~111~~ 38 800~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~18.‬‬ ‫‪2-2118‬‬ ‫~~‪118~0 10 ~~011‬‬ ‫‪10~ 11111111~11~~~111 03~1110111~8‬‬
‫~‪111 3 811181~-11038‬‬ ‫~~‪~1111-~3‬‬ ‫~~‪~~~1111‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~18.‬‬ ‫‪2-163.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫~~~~ ~‪~11~~~111 18 ~1111‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬
‫~‪118 3~~~38‬‬ ‫‪~3111~ 18 /..‬‬ ‫‪1~ 10~ 81111111~ ~~~().11~11~~ 18/‬‬ ‫‪= 60 1-12 (0~ 377 ~30/8),‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~~111111‬‬
‫‪10~ ~~80113111‬‬ ‫~‪~~~().11~11~~ 0~ 10~ ~111~~ 80 103110‬‬ ‫~‪1013111111111 03~1110111‬‬ ‫‪~11~~~11118‬‬ ‫‪~~011~~0‬‬
‫‪10 1 %‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 10‬‬ ‫‪~111103111~11131 ~011111011~111.‬‬

‫‪801111100‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~().111~31~111‬‬ ‫~‪~1~~1111 ~0‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪/110‬‬ ‫~‪03~1110111‬‬ ‫‪~011111011~111‬‬ ‫‪18 800~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~18.‬‬
‫‪2-25.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~1118 ~3111~ 0~ 10‬‬ ‫~‪/110 03~1110111‬‬ ‫‪~11~~~111 31111~3~1118111‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪81111111~ 18 0013111~0‬‬

‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪1181118 10‬‬ ‫~~‪~11~~~111-01~10‬‬ ‫‪~111~,‬‬

‫) ‪(2-93‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~~~‪~0‬‬
‫‪~11~~~111‬‬
‫~‪/~ 18 10~ ~1118~3111~ 0~ 10~ /110 030110111~ ~11~~~111. 10‬‬
‫‪18‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫~‪10131 31110111110~ 03~1110111‬‬

‫~‪/‬‬ ‫=‬
‫(‬‫‪~~~.‬‬
‫~~‪/‬‬
‫)‬ ‫)‪(2-94‬‬

‫)‪(2-95‬‬

‫‪~~0111 ~().. (2-68),‬‬ ‫‪/1 = 4/)0‬‬ ‫‪70 3110 /~ = 4/)(0‬‬ ‫‪/170) ~0~ /1‬‬ ‫‪3,5,7,‬‬ ‫‪~~0111‬‬
‫)‪~().8. (2-93‬‬ ‫)‪3110 (2-95‬‬ ‫‪~~ 8~1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪,2‬‬ ‫‪_ 1)2‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫=‬ ‫‪(~~)2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪/12((/1()))2~/(/‬‬

‫‪~~3~7.‬‬ ‫‪~~3~7.‬‬

‫‪..1~11..~ 2-25‬‬ ‫‪~~1.11.,,31~(1( ~1(~1.11( 10( 03(-‬‬

‫‪((10(11~ ~1.1((~(1(.‬‬

‫‪48‬‬
 ‫‪11115~3110~ 501~~0 ~0~ 111~~3111~0~ ~/~/.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪10 51111~11~,,‬‬
‫‪111~~31~1113110115,‬‬
‫~~‪1~~~ ~011510‬‬
‫)‪3((3 )( 2 )( 10 )( 60)2~/~, - 1‬‬
‫‪0111,,111~1111~0113~1110111~,‬‬
‫=‬ ‫=‪1/0.01‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫= ‪0~ ~/~/‬‬
‫‪26.84 )( 10~6 3110 111~~111~~~~~().11~11~,,‬‬
‫~‪15 1/‬‬ ‫‪= 193.02 ~30/5.‬‬

‫~‪1-/0(~. 10‬‬ ‫‪3~ 1111~~ 15 ~~11~~311~ 11111~0 10 10~ 03~1110111~1~~((11~11~~ 111~01~~0,‬‬

‫(~~‪011111 ~~((111(~5 3 ~3(~1111 0~51~11 10 3~010 10~ 11055101111~01 (~5011311~~ ~110 10~ 110‬‬
‫‪5~51~111. 10~ (~501131111(~((11~11~~ 0110~ 10/(0 03(1110111~ ~11((~11115 377 )( 3 = 1131‬‬
‫‪(30/5.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪111 10~ 0~(1~3110115‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪011111111 ~0113~~5‬‬ ‫~~‪3110 10~ 11~(10(111311‬‬ ‫‪~(11~(13‬‬ ‫‪01 (~~1111~(5,‬‬
‫‪11 ~35‬‬ ‫~‪35511111~0 103110‬‬ ‫~~(‪5011‬‬ ‫‪035110111011~1311~~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 (~5151311~~5.‬‬ ‫‪8111111 311(3~11~31‬‬
‫(~‪1(311510(111‬‬ ‫~‪3110 51111111~, 10~5‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 31~3~5‬‬ ‫‪11(~5~111 3110 10~ 11~(10(111311~~5‬‬ ‫‪01 (~~1111~(5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪3~~ 511~011~ ~0311~~0.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~11~~1 0110‬‬ ‫~~(‪5011‬‬ ‫‪111011~1311~~, ~01~015‬‬ ‫‪1110(~ 51~11111~3111‬‬
‫‪10311 1031 01 (~5151311~~,‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ ~)(1113111~0 ~110‬‬ ‫~~‪(~1~(~11‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪2-263.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫~~‪10~ 111051 1105111~~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪~111 ~011011~1.‬‬ ‫(~‪1.,~1 115 ~011510‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫())(‬
‫‪1101111‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~(~‪10 ~0‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~5‬‬ ‫~(‪1)(1~ 3110 1)0~ 3‬‬ ‫‪~((1131 35 500~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪2-260.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫~‪~11((~111 100 15 51111 60~111‬‬ ‫‪10(011~0‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 0100‬‬ ‫‪/)1.‬‬ ‫~‪011~ 10 10~ 111011~1311~~ ~1, 10‬‬
‫‪~11((~01 ~3111101 1311 10 2~(0 1111111~0131~1~ 300‬‬ ‫(~‪10~ 1(3051‬‬ ‫‪01 ~11((~111 ~311001 0~ 00‬‬
‫‪30 11151311130~0115 03515.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~11((~1111(/1 0~~(~35~5,‬‬ ‫~~‪(~5111110~ 111 30 111011~~0 ~0113‬‬
‫‪3~(055 ~1 01 + 1) 1..1 3110 10~ 011111111 ~0113~~ 0~~0111~5 1)1..‬‬ ‫)‪1‬‬
‫‪(1~ +‬‬
‫)‪1‬‬
‫‪1..1.‬‬ ‫~‪~1 10~ 53111‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪11111~ 10~ ~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪10(011~0‬‬ ‫‪/)3, 1(/3 111~(~35~5 1(0111 2~(0,‬‬ ‫~~‪111011~111~ 30 ~((1131 ~0113‬‬
‫‪3~(055‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪-1)1..2‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪011111111 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪0~~0111~5‬‬ ‫‪1)1..‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪1)0‬‬ ‫‪-1)1..2.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(~5111115‬‬
‫‪1031 10~ 31100~ ~0113~~5 01 0100~5 /)1 3110 /)3 3(~ ~((1131~ 300 0010 0100~5 ~00011~1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪10( 3 ~~(131011~(100 ~01~015 ~311~0 ~0111111/).((1(1011‬‬
‫(~‪(0, 01)~,/(1/1) (1118/~, (1. 10151(31151‬‬
‫‪01 ~11((~011(0111 00~ 0100~ 10 30010~( 15 ~311~0 ~0111111/).((1(1011. 10~ (~3~130~~ ~0(-‬‬
‫‪(~51100010~ 10 10~ 111011~1311~~15 /(110~11 35 ~0111111/).((1(1118‬‬
‫‪,~(1~((111~~.‬‬
‫‪10~ ~11~~1 011015 0~~(131115 10 (~011~~ 10~ 3~~(3~~ 011111111~0113~~ 01 ~011~~(1~(5.‬‬
‫‪10~ ~0113~~ 3~(055 ~2 15‬‬

‫)‪(2-96‬‬

‫~‪~5511111111~ 3 110~3( (15~ 0110‬‬ ‫‪~11((~1111(0111 0 10 100 (0( 3 ~00513111 ()1/()(), ~~ ~30‬‬
‫‪~(11~ 8((. (2-96) 35‬‬
‫)‪1‬‬
‫(‪1..2 6.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~2 6.1‬‬ ‫)‪(2-97‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪31101015 15 (~11~31~0 51)( 11111~510( 3 10(~~-11035~ 0(10~~ (~~1111~(. 0510~ 8((.‬‬ ‫‪(2-97),‬‬
‫~‪10~ 3~~(3~~ ~0113~~ (~011~1100 011~ 10 10~ ~011111111131111‬‬ ‫‪10011~1311~~5 15‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪~..‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪72(1)1..1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1)1..2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫(‪1)/..3) 6.‬‬ ‫‪= 2/(~1‬‬ ‫‪+ ~2 + ~3) 6.1‬‬
‫)‪(2-98‬‬
‫‪= 2/(~1‬‬ ‫‪+ ~2 + ~3)100‬‬
‫~‪11 31110‬‬ ‫~(‪111011~1311~~5 3‬‬ ‫~~ ‪~((1131 3110‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫‪~3, 8((. (2-98) 0~~0111~5‬‬

‫‪~..‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪6/~~100‬‬ ‫)‪(2-99‬‬

‫‪$8~. 2-12‬‬ ‫‪49‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~3‬‬
‫‪~-..,~3+‬‬ ‫‪~01‬‬
‫‪03‬‬ ‫‪05‬‬

‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪~03‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬
‫‪8 -..,~1+‬‬
‫‪06‬‬ ‫‪02‬‬
‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪~-..,~+‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(8‬‬ ‫(~)‪~1~~(,‬‬
‫~‪0~89~8‬‬

‫‪..,‬‬ ‫~‪..,‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪~,.301()1‬‬

‫~‬
‫~‪10.‬‬
‫‪~1~~1~.‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪2-17‬‬

‫~‪(0.~~~-~0.~5‬‬
‫~~~~~‪~.,,‬‬
‫~~‪0~10‬‬ ‫‪~~~1111~~ 15 511~~11~0 1~0111 ~ ~-~01111~~(~0‬‬
‫‪0111~11( .,,011~~~ 15 170~.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫~ ‪10~0 ~11~~~11( 15 60‬‬
‫‪~~1~111~(~ 10.~ ~~~~~111~~~ ~~011~11011 01 011(~11( .,,011~~~ 011~ 10 ~011111111(~1101111‬‬
‫‪(0.~ 1111~111011~(~11~~ ~~~ ~0.~5~ 15 0.5 11111.‬‬
‫~‪208-‬‬ ‫‪60-1.1.~ 511~~1~.‬‬
‫~‪~110 0.~5 11~~11~101‬‬

‫‪8010(100 1-0 = 0.5 11111,1/, = 208/0‬‬ ‫= ‪= 120 ~, / = 60 112, 100 = 60 ~, ~1101/,,,‬‬

‫()‪-0‬‬ ‫‪120 = 169.7~. ~~0111~~.(2-77), 1/00= 1.6542)( 169.7 = 280.7~.‬‬ ‫‪~~11~11011‬‬
‫)‪(2-99‬‬ ‫‪~1.,,~5 (0.~ 011(~11( .,,01(~~~ ~~011~11011,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪)( 10-3‬‬ ‫‪)( _ 100‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1/~ = 6‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪= 10.8 ~ 0~ 10.8‬‬

‫‪28 0.7 = 3.85%‬‬

‫(~‪111 (1115 ~113()1‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪113.,,~ 5~~11 111~ 3()()11~3110115‬‬ ‫(~~‪01 ()0‬‬ ‫(‪5~1111~011011~10‬‬ ‫‪0100~5‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬
‫~‪1(~~~11~~1111‬‬ ‫‪3~11011,‬‬ ‫~‪(~~0.,,~(111‬‬ ‫‪~11~(~)11(0111‬‬ ‫‪111011~11.,,~ 10305‬‬ ‫‪3110 111 ~011.,,~(51011‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫‪51~1131 1(0111 3~ 10 0~.‬‬ ‫~(~‪111‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪0111~(~111‬‬ ‫‪1)1()~5 01 (~~1111~(5‬‬ ‫~‪0~()~110111‬‬ ‫~‪011 111‬‬

‫‪50‬‬
 ‫‪(01111~(60115‬‬ ‫‪01 0100~5‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪(1110 111~01 1((111510(111~(.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~(‪~~(10(111(111‬‬ ‫‪~(1((1111~1~(5‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫‪(~(611~(5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 0~1111~0‬‬ ‫‪(1110 1111(15 0~~11 5110~11 111(11111~ ~~(10(111(111(~5‬‬ ‫‪01 (~(611~(5‬‬ ‫~(‪.,,(1‬‬
‫‪~1111 111~1( 1~~~5.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪(~(611~(5‬‬ ‫~‪~~11~((11‬‬ ‫~‪11(1(1110111(5 11110 111~ 10(10 (1110 111~ 50~~1‬‬
‫~‪1111~~ (1110 111~5~ 11(1(1110111(5 ((111 0‬‬ ‫‪(~00(~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 1111~(5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~~(10(111(111(~5‬‬ ‫~‪01 111‬‬
‫‪(~(611~(5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ (1150 111110~11(~0‬‬ ‫~((‪0~ 111~ 500‬‬ ‫‪(1110 10(10 11100(1(111(~5.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1. 1. 5(03~1~.,‬‬ ‫‪~~~(/1/~,.‬‬ ‫‪0,.~/1/(.~-1/1~0,.)/‬‬ ‫~~~ ‪(1/10. 1)~5/15/1,‬‬ ‫~()‪~0.‬‬ ‫~~‪10011 ~11‬‬ ‫‪8.. 5011$, 111(.,‬‬
‫‪1975.‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪~.~.‬‬ ‫‪1,~~, ~0~~,.‬‬ ‫‪~0/1,,,~,.(~,.1/(1/10.000/(-1/1~0,.)/‬‬ ‫‪1)~5/15/1 (1/10./11111//~(1(/0/1, ~~1~.00.011~0,‬‬
‫‪0111. ~ ~311301311 0~11~.31‬‬ ‫‪81~(1.1(,‬‬ ‫‪1979.‬‬

‫‪2-1.‬‬
‫‪2-2.‬‬
‫‪2-3.‬‬
‫‪2-4.‬‬
‫‪2-5.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪2-6.‬‬
‫‪2-7.‬‬
‫‪2-8.‬‬
‫‪2-9.‬‬
‫‪2-10.‬‬
‫‪2-11.‬‬
‫‪2-12.‬‬
‫‪2-13.‬‬
‫‪~031‬‬
‫‪~031‬‬
‫‪~031‬‬
‫‪~031‬‬
‫‪~031‬‬
‫~~~ ‪311‬‬
‫‪~03115‬‬
‫‪~031‬‬
‫~‪110‬‬
‫‪~031‬‬
‫‪~031‬‬
‫‪~03115‬‬
‫‪~031‬‬
‫‪~031‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~ ‪15 10~ 11111~(011513111 01 311‬‬
‫~~ ‪15 10~ 11111~(011513111 01 311‬‬
‫~~ ‪15 10~ .~$0113111 1.~()11~11(~ 01 311‬‬
‫‪15 10~ 03111()111~ 13(10.‬‬
‫~(‪15 10~ 0111~.~11‬‬
‫‪(1.(11117‬‬
‫~‪3 1.~~~0~~1111‬‬
‫‪15 10~ 1.3()()~0‬‬
‫‪15 10~ 1.3()()~0‬‬

‫~(‪3.~ 10~ ()~.10.111311‬‬

‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬

‫‪0100~,‬‬
‫~~~ ‪01 311‬‬

‫‪~11~.~~ 01 311 111011(10.7‬‬

‫‪~11~.~~ .~(0,,,~.~0‬‬
‫‪15 10~ 111.115 .3110 01 3 1.311510.111~.7‬‬
‫‪15 3 .~(1111~.7‬‬ ‫‪~031‬‬

‫~‪15 10~ 51~11111(311(~ 0110‬‬

‫‪(1.(11117‬‬
‫‪(1.(11117‬‬

‫‪3110 ~03115‬‬

‫~(‪15 10~ 0111~.~11‬‬

‫‪10~ 010()(111~ (0110111011 01 3 0100~7‬‬
‫‪()3.3111~1~.5‬‬
‫‪(1.(11117‬‬
‫‪(1.(11117‬‬
‫‪10~ .~50113111 1.~()11~11(~ 3110 10~ .111~111~ 1.~()11~11(~ 01‬‬

‫‪115 ()11.()05~7‬‬

‫‪0~ 3 0100~7‬‬

‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬

‫‪01 3 .~(1111~.7‬‬
‫‪10.111 13(10.‬‬
‫‪3 .~(1111~.‬‬

‫‪01 3 .~(1111~.7‬‬
‫‪3110 3 (011,,,~.1~.7‬‬

‫‪2-14.‬‬ ‫‪~031‬‬ ‫~‪15 10~ 51~11111(311(~ 0110‬‬ ‫‪.1()()1~ 13(10.‬‬ ‫‪01 3 .~(1111~.7‬‬
‫‪2-15.‬‬ ‫‪~031‬‬ ‫‪15 10~ ~111(1~11(~ 01.~(1111(3110117‬‬
‫‪2-16.‬‬ ‫‪~031‬‬ ‫~‪15 10~ 51~11111(311(~ 0110‬‬ ‫‪1.311510.111~.‬‬ ‫‪111111231101113(10.7‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪2-17.‬‬ ‫‪~031‬‬ ‫‪15 10~ 015()13(~111~111 13(10.7‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪2-18.‬‬ ‫‪~031‬‬ ‫‪15 10~ 111()111()0~~.‬‬ ‫‪13(10.7‬‬

‫‪2-19.‬‬ ‫‪~031‬‬ ‫‪15 10~ 03.1110111( 13(10.7‬‬
‫‪2-20.‬‬ ‫‪~031‬‬ ‫~(‪1$ 10~ 0111~.~11‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫~‪3 0311-~3,,,‬‬ ‫‪3110 3 11111-~3,,,~ .~(1111~.7‬‬
‫‪2-21.‬‬ ‫‪~031‬‬ ‫~‪1$ 10~ 0( 0111()111 ,,,0113~~ 01 3 5111~1~-()035~ 0311-~3,,,‬‬ ‫)‪.~(1111~.-‬‬

‫‪2-22.‬‬ ‫‪~031‬‬ ‫‪15 10~ 0( 0111()111,,,0113~~ 01 3 5111~1~-()035~ 11111-~3,,,~ .~(1111~.7‬‬

‫‪2-23.‬‬ ‫‪~031‬‬ ‫~‪15 10~ 1111103111~111311.~()11~11(~ 0110‬‬ ‫~‪0111()111 ,,,0113~~ 01 3 5111~1~-()03$~ 1.1111-~3,,,‬‬
‫‪.~(1111~.7‬‬

‫‪51‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪(1 ~11(~~-~11(15‬‬ ‫(~‪(~~1111‬‬ ‫(~~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪(1 5111~1~-~11(15‬‬ ‫‪(~~~111~(7‬‬
‫‪2-24.‬‬ ‫~‪~11(1‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ ~11~ (10~(111~(1~~5‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬

‫‪2-25.‬‬ ‫~‪~11(1‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ ~11~ 015(10~(111~(1~~5‬‬ ‫~~‪01 (1 (1111111~11(15~ 11(111-~(1‬‬ ‫‪(~~1111~(7‬‬

‫‪2-26.‬‬ ‫~‪~11(1‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ ~11~ (10~(111~(1~~5‬‬ ‫~‪01 (1 ~11(~~-~11(15‬‬ ‫~~‪0(10‬‬ ‫(~‪(~~~111‬‬ ‫(~~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪(1 51)(-~11(15‬‬ ‫‪5~(1( (~~~111~(7‬‬

‫‪2-27.‬‬ ‫~‪~11(1‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ ~11~ ~11(~05~5‬‬ ‫‪01111~~(5‬‬ ‫(~‪111 (~~~111‬‬ ‫‪~1(~111~57‬‬

‫‪2-28.‬‬ ‫~‪~11(1‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ ~11~ 0111~(~11~~5‬‬ ‫‪0~~~~~11‬‬ ‫‪(1~ (1110 0~ 111~~(57‬‬

‫‪(1 (~~1111~(7‬‬
‫‪2-29.‬‬ ‫~‪~11(1‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ ~11~ ~11~~~5‬‬ ‫~~(‪01 5011‬‬ ‫~~‪111011~~(111~~5 011 ~11~ 011~~11~ ~01~(1‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬

‫‪2-30.‬‬ ‫~‪~11(1‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ ~11~ ~11~~~5‬‬ ‫‪0110(10‬‬ ‫(~‪111011~~(111~~5 011 ~11~ (~~~111‬‬ ‫‪011~~11~7‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪2-31.‬‬ ‫~‪~11(1‬‬ ‫‪15 (1 ~0(11(1111~(1110117‬‬

‫‪2-32.‬‬ ‫~‪~11(1‬‬ ‫‪15 ~11~ ~0(11(1111~(111011 (111~1~ 01 (1 (~~~111~(7‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(1~(1~(1~1~0( (1(~ 5110~11111 ~1~. ~2-1.‬‬ ‫‪0~~~((11111~ ~11~ 3~~((1~~,‬‬
‫‪2-1.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~11((~11~ ~(1~~10((115 01‬‬
‫‪(1115, (1110 ~~(1/( ~11((~11~ ((11111~5 01 ~11~ ~(1~(1~1~0(.‬‬

‫‪11 = 100,..5‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪= 250~2‬‬

‫‪12 = 300,..5‬‬
‫‪13 = 500,..5‬‬
‫‪1,‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪2-2.‬‬
‫‪-200‬‬ ‫‪- - - -‬‬

‫~‪111~ ~(1~~10((115 01 ~11~ ~11((~11~ 110~111~ ~11(011~11 0100‬‬

‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 5110~11 111~1~. ~2-2.‬‬
‫‪~~((11111~ ~11~ (1~~((1~~, ((115, (1110 ~~(1/( ~11((~111 ((11111~5 01 ~11~ 0100~.‬‬
‫‪0~-‬‬

‫‪~,,4.‬‬
‫‪300----‬‬ ‫‪11 = 100,..5,‬‬ ‫‪12 200,..5,‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪13 = 400,..5,‬‬ ‫‪14 800,..5,‬‬ ‫‪15 = 1 (115‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪/ = 200~2‬‬
‫‪150‬‬
‫‪100‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1= 1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪2-3.‬‬ ‫~‪~ 0100‬‬ ‫‪~1(~111115 5110~11 111~1~. ~2-3 (1110 ~ = 22 0 3110 ~ = 10 /-1~. 11111~ 5~11~11‬‬
‫(‬
‫(‪51 15 ~105~0 (1~ = 0, 0~1~(111111~ ~11~ ~)(~(~551011 10( ~11~ ~011(1~~ (1~(055 111~ ~(1~(1~1~0‬‬
‫‪3110 111~ ~11~(~~ 105~ 111~11~ ~1(~1111.‬‬

‫‪52‬‬
 ‫‪2-4.‬‬ ‫‪~ 0100~ ~1(~1.11115‬‬
‫‪5110~11111‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~1~. ~2-4 ~1111~ = 10 0, ~ = 5 (111-1,3110 ~5 = 220 ~.‬‬
‫‪113‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 0110‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪15110~111‬‬ ‫~‪111(01.1~11111~ 1(~~~11~~1111‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪1),,. 3110 111~ 5~11~11‬‬
‫‪51 15 ~105~0‬‬ ‫= ‪31 /‬‬ ‫~‪0, 0~1~((11111‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~)(()(~551011‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~1.1((~111111(01.1~11111‬‬ ‫‪5~11~11.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪81‬‬
‫‪~0,,,‬‬

‫‪1..‬‬
‫‪(..‬‬ ‫~‪~10‬‬
‫‪~~..2-4‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪2-5.‬‬ ‫~‪11111~ 11101.1~10(01111~ ~1(~1.111111~1~. 2-4 1135 311 1111631~1.1((~11101 10, 0~1~((11111~ 111‬‬
‫‪~)(()(~551011 10( 111~.,,0113~~ 3~(055 111~~3()3~110(.‬‬

‫‪2-6.‬‬ ‫‪11111~ 5~11~1151 01 ~1~. ~2-615 ~105~0 31 / = 0, 0~1~((11111~111~~)(()(~55101110( (3) ~1.1((~111‬‬

‫‪())) 111~ (31~ 01 (15~ 01111~ ~1.1((~111, (///(//.‬‬ ‫)~(‬
‫‪110~111~ 111(01.1~11111~5~11~11, /(/)~ 3110‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪()(3~ 5/(~1~11~5 01/(1) 3110 (///(//.‬‬ ‫‪((1) ~113115 111~.,,311.1~01/111631 (///(//7‬‬ ‫‪~0( ~1~. ~2-‬‬
‫‪60, 11110111~1111631(///(// 0111~.‬‬

‫‪8,‬‬ ‫‪8,‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~0----0‬‬ ‫‪0---0‬‬
‫‪(..‬‬ ‫‪~+‬‬ ‫‪(..‬‬
‫‪1..‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪0(.‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪(~),.....‬‬
‫)‪(9.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~ = 0.52‬‬

‫)‪(6‬‬

‫‪2-7.‬‬ ‫‪111111~ 5~~0110-0(0~( ~1(~1.11101 ~1~. 2-6, 111~501.1(~~ .,,0113~~, ~5 = 220 ~, 11101.1~1311~~,‬‬
‫‪~ = 5 (111-1,~3()3~11311~~, ~ = 10 (.1.~, 3110 (~5151311~~, ~ = 22 0.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 1111631.,,0113‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪01111~ ~3()3~110( 15 ~0 = 50~.‬‬ ‫‪11111~ 5~11~11 15 ~105~0 31 / = 0, 0~1~((11111~ (3) 311‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~)(()(~551011 10( 111~ ~1.1((~111~3110 ())) 111~ ~01101.1~11011‬‬

‫‪11(11~01111~ 0100~.‬‬ ‫~‪(~) ()(3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪5/(~1~11 01 /(/).‬‬
‫‪2-8.‬‬ ‫~~‪~0( 111~ ~11~(~~ (~~0.,,~(~ ~1(~1.11101 ~1~. 2-103, 111~ (113~11~62111~11101.1~1311‬‬ ‫~‪01 111‬‬
‫‪1(311510((11~( 15~,,. = 150 (.1.1-1,/0/1 = 10, 3110/0/2 = 200.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1~3/(3~~ 11101.1~1311~~5‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬
‫‪(~5151311~~5 01111~ 1(311510((11~( 3(~ 11~~11~101~. 111~ 501.1(~~ .,,0113~~ 15 ~5 = 200 ~ 3110‬‬
‫‪111~(~ 15 110 1111631~1.1((~111111111~~1(~1.111. 11 5~11~11 51 15 ~105~0 10( 3 11(11~/1 = 100 (.1.5‬‬
‫~‪())) ~31~1.1131~111‬‬
‫~ ‪3110 15 111~110()~11~0, (3) 0~1~((11111~ 111~ (~.,,~(5~ .,,0113~~ 01 0100~ 1)1‬‬
‫~‪()~3/( .,,311.1~01111~ ()(1(113(~ ~1.1((~111~(~) ~31~1.1131~111~()~3/( .,,311.1~015~~01103(~ ~1.1((~111‬‬

‫‪53‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪((1) 0~1~~111111~ 111~ 11111~(0~ ~111~11 0100‬‬ ‫~~~~‪1)1 ~011011~15~ (1110 (~) 0~1~~111111~ 111~ ~11‬‬
‫‪511~~11~0 0~ 111~ 5011~~~.‬‬
‫‪2-9.‬‬ ‫= ~ ‪~ 5111~1~-~11(15~ 0~10~~ ~~~11(1~~ 11(15(1 ~11~~1~ ~~51511~~ 10(10,‬‬ ‫‪10 0,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~~(1(( ~(1111‬‬
‫‪0( 111~ 51111111~ ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪~,,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪170‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~ 51111111~ 1~~~11~11~~,‬‬ ‫=‪1‬‬ ‫‪60 1-1~.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~~~111‬‬
‫‪111~ (1~~~(1~~ 0111~111 ~011(1~~ 0( 111~ ~~~11(1~~ 1( 111~ 5011~~~ 111011~1(111~~15 11~~11~101~.‬‬
‫‪2-10.‬‬ ‫~~‪~~~~(11 ~~00. 2-9 1( 111~ 5011~~~ 111011~1(111~~~~~ ~11(15~ (111~1110111~1~(1115(0~111~~ 1~(1(((1‬‬
‫‪111011~1(111~~)15 1-0 = 0.5 1111-1.‬‬
‫‪2-11.‬‬ ‫(‪~ 51)(-~11(15~ 51(1~ ~~~11(1~~ 11(15(1 ~11~~1~ ~~51511~~ 10(10 0( ~ = 10 0, 111~ ~~(1(( ~(1111~ 0‬‬
‫~‪111~ 511~~1~ ~011(1~~, ~,,, = 170 ~, (1110 111~ 51111~1~ (~~((11~11~~ / = 60 1-12. 1)~1~~111111‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪111~ (1~~~(1~~ 0111~111 ~011(1~~ 0( 111~ ~~~11(1~~ 1( 111~ 5011~~~ 111011~1(111~~15 11~~)1011~.‬‬
‫‪2-12.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~(11 ~~00.‬‬ ‫~~‪2-11 1( 111~ 5011~~~ 111011~1(111~~~~~ ~11(15~ (111~1110111~111~ 1~(1115(0~111‬‬
‫‪1~(1(((1~~ 111011~1(111~~)15 1-0 = 0.51111-1.‬‬

‫‪2-13.‬‬ ‫‪~ 111~~~-~11(15~ 0~10~~ ~~~11(1~~ 11(15(1 ~11~~1~ ~~51511~~ 10(10 0( ~ = 1000 (111015511~~11~0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~‪(~0111 (1 280-~ 60-1-12 511~~1~. 111~ ~~1111(1~~(1110 5~~0110(1~~ 0( 111~ 111~1111~(1115(0~111~~(1‬‬
‫‪~01111~~1~0111 ~~~.‬‬ ‫~~~‪1)~1~~111111~ 111~ (1~~~(1~~ 0111~111 ~0)1(1~~ 0( 111~ ~~~11(1~~ 1( 111~ 5011‬‬
‫‪111011~1(111~~5(1~~ 11~~11~101~.‬‬
‫‪2-14.‬‬ ‫~~‪~~~~(11 .,~00. 2-13 1( 111~ 5011~~~ 111011~1(111~~~~~ ~11(15~ (111~)110111~1~(1115(0~111~~1~(1(((1‬‬
‫‪111011~1(111~~)15 1-0 = 0.5 1111-1.‬‬
‫‪2-15.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 5111~1~-~11(15~ 0~10~~ ~~~11(1~~ 0( ~1~. 2-15 15 ~~((111~~0 10 511~~)~ (111(1~~~(1~~ ~0)1(1‬‬
‫~ (‪0( ~00 = 400 ~ 10 (1 ~~51511~~ 10(10 0‬‬
‫‪= 10 0.‬‬ ‫‪1)~1~~111111~ 111~ ~011(1~~ (1110 ~11~~~111‬‬
‫‪~(11111~50( 0100~5 (1110 1~(1115(0~111~~.‬‬
‫‪2-16.‬‬ ‫~~‪~ 111~~~-~11(15~ 0~10‬‬ ‫‪~~~11(1~~ 15 ~~((111~~0 10 511~~)~ (111(1~~~(1~~ ~011(1~~ 0( ~00‬‬ ‫‪= 750‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~~~(‪(11 (1 ~1~~1~-‬‬ ‫‪~11~~~111‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪9000~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪~~1111(1‬‬ ‫~~‪(1110 5~~0110(1‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪100‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪1~(1115(0~111~~ (1~~ ~01111~~1~0 111 ~~~.‬‬ ‫(‪1)~1~~111111~ 111~ ~011(1~~ (1110 ~11~~~111 ~(11111~5 0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪2-17.‬‬
‫‪0100~5‬‬ ‫‪(1110 1~(1115(0~111~~.‬‬
‫‪111~ 5111~1~-~11(15~ ~~~11(1~~ 0( ~1~. 2-14(111(15 (111~1- 10(10. 1( 111~ ~~(1(( ~(1)11~ 0( 111~ 111~111‬‬
‫‪~011(1~~ 15 ~,,, = 170~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 511~~)~ (~~((11~11~~,‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪= 60 1-12, (1110 111~ 10(10 ~~5151(111~~,‬‬
‫~‪~ = 15 0, 0~1~~111111~111~~(1111~0( 10(10111011~1(111~~, 1-, 101111111111~)0(10 ~11~~~11111(1~1110111‬‬
‫‪10 4% 0( 111~ (1~~~(1~~ ~(1)11~, 100.‬‬
‫‪2-18.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111~~~-~11(15~ 51(1~ ~~~11(1~~ 0( ~1~. 2-17(111(15 (111~1- )0(10.‬‬ ‫((‪1( 111~ 5~~0110(1~~ ~~(1‬‬
‫‪~011(1~~ ~~~ ~11(15~ 15 ~,,,‬‬ ‫‪= 170 ~ (11 60 1-12, (1110 111~ )0(10 ~~5151(111~~ 15 ~ = 15 0.‬‬
‫‪0~1~~111111~ 111~ ~(1111~ 0( )0(10 111011~1(111~~,1-, 10 1111111111~10(10 ~11~~~11111(1~1110111~510 2%‬‬
‫‪0( 111~ (1~~~(1~~ ~(1111~, 100.‬‬

‫‪2-19.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5111~1~-~11(15~ ~~~11(1~~ 0( ~1~. 2-14(111(15 (1 ~~51511~~ 10(10 0( ~, (1110 (1 ~(1~(1~110~ ~ 15‬‬
‫‪~01111~~1~0 (1~~055 111~ )0(10.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (1~~~(1~~ ~(1)11~ 0( 111~ )0(10 ~11~~~11115 100. ~5511111111‬‬
‫‪111(11111~~11(1~~111~11111~0( 111~ ~(1~(1~110~ 15 11~~11~10)~ ~0111~(1~~0 10 111~ 015~11(1~~111~11111~,‬‬
‫‪0~1~~111111~ 111~ ~1115~(1111~ 0( 111~ 0111~111 ~011(1~~ 11(1~1110111~5,~~0.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪2-20.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1-~ 1111~~ 5110~11 111~1~. 2-20~ 15 115~0 10 ~~011~~ 111~ ~1~~)~ ~0111~111 0( 111~ 0111~111‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~011(1~~ (0~ (151)(-~11(15~ 51(1~ ~~~11(1~~. 111~ 10(10 ~~5151(111~~, ~ = 20 0, 10(10111011~1(111~~,‬‬

‫~~‪1- = 5 1111-1, (1110 5011~~~ (~~((11~11~~ 15 60 1-12. 1)~1~~111111~ 111~ ~(1111~5 0( 111~ (111‬‬
‫‪~(1~(1111~1~~5 1-1 (1110 ~ 50 111(11111~ ~1~~)~ ((1~10~ 0( 111~ 0111~111 ~011(1~~ 15 5%.‬‬
‫‪2-21.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111~~~-~11(15~ 0~10~~ ~~~11(1~~ 0( ~1~. 2-18(1 11(15(111~1- )0(10 (1110 15 511~~)1~0 (~0111 (1‬‬
‫‪~-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪511~~)~.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 111~11100 0( ~011~1~~ 5~~1~5 10 001(1111 ~)(~~~5510115 (0‬‬
‫~‪(3) 05‬‬
‫‪111~ 0111~111 ~0)1(1~~,‬‬ ‫‪(1)) 1( ~~(1(( ~11(15~ ~011(1~~. ~,,,‬‬
‫‪1)/~(1), (1110 )0(10 ~11~~~111, /1-(1).‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪170 ~ (11 60 1-12 (1110 111~ 10(10 ~~5151(111~~, ~ = 200 .0, 0~1~~111111~ 111~ ~3)11~ 0( 1030‬‬
‫‪111011~1(111~~,1-, 10 )111111111~~1~~1~ ~11~~~11110 2% 0( 111~ (1~~~(1~~ ~(1111~. 100.‬‬
‫‪2-22.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5111~1~-~11(15~ 11(1)(-~(1~~ ~~~11(1~~ 0( ~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪2-13(1 1135 (1 (~~~~11~~)111‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪(1110 3‬‬

‫‪54‬‬
 ‫‪(1()()1~-1(~~ 3,,,~(3~~ 1030 01((~111 011,,.‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪(3) 0(3..,,, 111~ ..,,,3,,,~10((115 10( 111~ ~...((~1115 111‬‬
‫‪/) 1, /) ,,,, 3110 111~ 1(311510((11~( ()((113(~ ~ (83) ~)(()(~55 111~ ()(1(113(~ ~11((~111111 ~ 011(1~( 5~(1~5‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪3110 (~) 0~1~((11111~ 111~ 111()111()0..,,,~( 13~10(, ~~, 3110113((110111~ 13~10( 01111~ 111()...1~...((~111,‬‬
‫‪1-1~, 31 111~ (~~1111~( 111()...1. ~5511(11~ 3 1(311510((11~( 111(115(3110 01111111~.‬‬
‫‪2-23.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5111~1~-()1135~ 11111-..,,,3,,,~(~~1111~( 01 ~1~. 2-1431135‬‬ ‫‪3 (1()()1~-1(~~ 3,,,~(3~~ 1030 ~...((~111‬‬
‫‪011~.‬‬ ‫‪(3) 0(3..,,, 111~ ..,,,3,,,~10((115 10( ~11((~1115 111/)1,‬‬ ‫)‪/)2, 3110 1(311510((11~( ()(1(113(~~ (83‬‬
‫‪~)(()(~55‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ ()(1(113(~ ~11((~111 111 ~011(1~( 5~(1~5 ~ 3110 (~) 0~1~((11111~ 111~ 111()111()0..,,,‬‬
‫‪13~10(,‬‬ ‫‪~~, 3110 113((110111~ 13~10( 01 111~ 111()111~11((~111, 1-1~, 31 111~ (~~1111~( 111()111.‬‬
‫‪~5511(11~ 3 1(311510((11~( 111(115(3110 01111111~.‬‬
‫‪2-24.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (1111111()1135~513( (~~1111~( 01 ~1~. 2-1731135‬‬ ‫~~(‪111(~~ ()1115~5 3110 511()()11~5 3 (1()()1~-1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪3,,,~(3~~ 1030 ~11((~111 0110.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ()(1(113(~ 3110 5~~01103(~ 01111~ 1(311510((11~( 3(~ ~011-‬‬
‫‪11~~1~0 111..,,,~~. ~5511(11~ 3 1(311510((11~( 111(115(3110 01111111~. (3) 0(3..,,, 111~ ..,,,3,,,~10((115‬‬
‫‪10( ~11((~1115 111/)1, 1)2, 1)3, 3110 1(311510((11~( ()(1(113(~~ (83) ~)(()(~55 111~ ()(1(113(~ ~11((~111‬‬
‫‪111~011(1~( 5~(1~5~ 3110 (~) 0~1~((11111~ 111~ 111()111()0..,,,~( 13~10(,‬‬ ‫‪~~,‬‬ ‫(‪3110 113((110111~ 13~10‬‬
‫‪01111()111 ~11((~111, 1-1~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪2-25.‬‬ ‫‪~~()~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫~‪2-2411111‬‬ ‫~(‪()(1(113(~ 01111~ 1(311510((11~( 15 ~01111~~1~0111 0~113 3110 5~~01103‬‬
‫‪111..,,,~~.‬‬
‫‪2-26.‬‬ ‫~~(‪111~ (1111111()1135~513( (~~1111~( 01 ~1~. 2-173 1135 51)( ()1115~5 3110 511()()11~5 3 (1()()1~-1‬‬
‫‪3,,,~(3~~ 1030 ~11((~111 0110.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ()(1(113(~ 01111~ 1(311510((11~( 15 ~01111~~1~0 1110~113 3110‬‬
‫‪5~~01103(~ 111..,,,~~. ~5511(11~ 3 1(311510((11~( 111(115(3110 01111111~. (3) 0(3..,,, 111~ ..,,,3,,,~-‬‬
‫‪10((115 10( ~11((~1115 111 /)1,‬‬ ‫‪/)2,‬‬ ‫‪/)3,‬‬ ‫‪3110 1(311510((11~( ()(1(113(~~ (83) ~)(()(~55‬‬ ‫~(‪111~ ()(1(113‬‬
‫‪~11((~111111 ~011(1~( 5~(1~5~ 3110 (~) 0~1~((11111~ 111~ 111()111()0..,,,~( 13~10(,‬‬ ‫‪~~,‬‬ ‫~‪3110113((110111‬‬
‫‪13~10( 01111~ 111()111~11((~111, 1-1~.‬‬
‫‪2-27.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 111(~~-()1135~ 0(10‬‬ ‫‪(~~1111~( 01 ~1~. 2-183‬‬ ‫~~(‪511()()11~5 3 (1()()1~-1‬‬ ‫‪1030 ~11((~111 0110.‬‬
‫‪111~ ()(1(113(~ 3110 5~~01103(~ 01 111~ 1(311510((11~( 3(~ ~01111~~1~0 111 ..,,,~~. ~5511(11~ 3‬‬
‫‪1(311510((11~( 111(115(3110 01111111~. (3) 0(3..,,, 111~ ..,,,3,,,~10((115 10( ~11((~1115111 /)1, /)3, /)5‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪2-28.‬‬
‫~‪3110 111~ 5~~01103(~ ()1135~ ~11((~111 01111~ 1(311510((11~(~ (83) ~)(()(~55 111~ 5~~01103(~ ()1135‬‬
‫~‪~11((~111111 ~011(1~( 5~(1~5~ 3110 (~) 0~1~((11111~ 111~ 111()111()0..,,,~( 13~10(, ~~, 3110 113((110111‬‬
‫‪13~10( 01111~ 111()111~11((~111, 1-1~.‬‬
‫‪~~()~31‬‬
‫‪111..,,,~~.‬‬
‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫~‪2-2711111‬‬ ‫~(‪()(1(113(~ 01111~ 1(311510((11~( 15 ~01111~~1~0111 0~113 3110 5~~01103‬‬

‫‪2-29.‬‬ ‫‪~~()~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪2-27‬‬ ‫~(‪11111~ ()(1(113(~ 3110 5~~01103‬‬ ‫‪01111~ 1(311510((11~( 3(~ ~01111~~1~0 111‬‬
‫‪0~113.‬‬
‫‪2-30.‬‬ ‫‪~ 1~()1~310100~ ~1(~111115 5110..,,,11111~1~. ~2-30, ..,,,11~(~ 111~ 1030 ~11((~11115110..,,,111~ 111(011~11‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪0100~ 1)~,.‬‬ ‫(‪11 5..,,,11~1151 15 ~105~0 31 3 11(11~ = 0, 0~1~((11111~111~(3) ~)(()(~551011510‬‬
‫‪~,((), 1/(), 3110 1,/(()~ (83) 11(11~ (1 ..,,,11~11111~0100~ 1)1 510()5 ~011011~1111~~ (~) 11(11~ (~..,,,11~11‬‬
‫(‪111~ ,,,0113~~ 3~(055 111~ ~3()3~110‬‬ ‫(‪0~~0(11~5 2~(0~ 3110 ((1) 11(11~ (~().111(~0 10( ~3()3~110‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪(~~113(~~ 10 111~ 511()()1~ ,,,0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪~$.‬‬

‫‪1..‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0,,,‬‬

‫‪55‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪-,-/7~,,15~0,, 80/11/11/.1~8~10/1‬‬
‫‪-,-80/7/11~/.185‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫~‬ ‫(‪10)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪15 110(111(111)1 5~11~0~0‬‬ ‫‪011 0)1 (1~~1)1111~ (1 ~015~ 01 ~(11~ 51~11(11. ~0~11‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫(‪10)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪15 111 (1 ~01100~11011‬‬ ‫~‪11100~, 115 ~011(1~~ 0(0‬‬ ‫‪15 5111(111, ((111~111~ 1(0111 0.25‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪2 ~,‬‬ ‫‪(1110 15 11~~1~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪111 1015 ~0(1~1~(.‬‬ ‫~~‪011‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(‪10)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪15 10(11~0‬‬ ‫~‪011 (1110 10‬‬
‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫‪(~().01(~111~1115‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 5(111511~0,‬‬ ‫‪1115 050(111)111~~~55(1()110‬‬ ‫‪10(11 11 011.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪10(11-‬‬
‫‪011111~(1115‬‬ ‫‪10(11 10~ 10(~(1(0‬‬ ‫‪~01100~11011‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫(‪10)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪0(15 ~~(15~0‬‬ ‫~‪(1110 10‬‬ ‫‪(~(1~-‬‬
‫~~‪~11~(111011 01 (1 ~05111‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~ 10 10~ (11100~ ~111 1101 ~(105~ ~0((~111‬‬ ‫‪110~ ~110001‬‬
‫~‪(1~~1)1111~ 10‬‬ ‫‪~(11~ 51~11(11.‬‬ ‫‪~0111111/1((1(,011‬‬ ‫~‪15 10‬‬ ‫‪~(0~~55‬‬ ‫~‪0110(11111‬‬ ‫‪011 (1 10)1(1510(,‬‬
‫‪(1110 11 110(111(111)1 ~(105~5‬‬ ‫(~‪1((11151‬‬ ‫‪01 ~0((~111‬‬ ‫~‪110‬‬ ‫(~‪10 010‬‬ ‫‪~(1(15‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪~1(~011.‬‬ ‫~‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~011111101(111011 ~1(~011‬‬ ‫‪110(111(111)1 05~5‬‬ ‫‪(100111011(11 ~0111~011~1115‬‬ ‫‪10 (1~~0111~1150‬‬ ‫‪10~ 10(11-‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪011.‬‬ ‫~‪~11010‬‬ ‫‪0~~~10~111~1115‬‬ ‫‪0110)1(1510(5,‬‬ ‫‪111(111)1~011111101(111011 ~1(~0115‬‬ ‫~~‪0(1‬‬ ‫‪0~~11‬‬

‫‪0~~~10~~0‬‬ ‫~~‪(1110 10~ 00)~~11‬‬ ‫‪01 (111 10~ ~1(~0115‬‬ ‫~~‪15 10 (~00‬‬ ‫‪10~ 10(11-011‬‬ ‫‪~(0~~55‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫‪10~ 10)1(1510(5.‬‬
‫~(~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 111(111)11~~0111().0~5‬‬ ‫‪10 ~011111101(11~ (1 10)1(1510(.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫~‪10~5‬‬ ‫‪~(111‬‬
‫‪0~ 0(0(101)1‬‬ ‫‪~1(155111~0 11110 1~0‬‬ ‫~‪1)1~~5‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪~(110((11‬‬ ‫‪~011111101(111011‬‬

‫‪2. ~0(~~0‬‬ ‫‪~011111101(111011‬‬

‫‪56‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪.,‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪.1‬‬ ‫‪-..,‬‬
‫=‬
‫(‪-..1115~,,(0‬‬
‫‪1,0‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫)‪(8‬‬ ‫(~)(~(~~‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪1110.‬‬ ‫~~(‪5011‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫~~‪11111111) ~011(1‬‬ ‫(‪15 (1~, 10.~ 10.~(1510‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111 ~0~5‬‬ ‫‪10.(00~0.‬‬ ‫‪(1 11(110((11‬‬
‫‪2~(0,‬‬ ‫~‪(1110 (1 (~~~(5‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(11111~(1(5 (1~(055‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 10.~(1510(.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫~~‪0~~1‬‬ ‫‪15 10.~11 (10-‬‬
‫(‪10111311~(111~ 111(11~0 011 011~ 10 10.~ 11(1111((11 0~0.(1~10‬‬ ‫~‪0110.‬‬ ‫~~(‪5011‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~.‬‬ ‫‪10.15‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪/(110~11‬‬ ‫(‪(15 11(1(/1,(1/ ~0111111/1((1(/011 0‬‬ ‫‪//11(0 ~0111111/1((1(/011.‬‬ ‫‪111 11((1~11~~,‬‬ ‫(‪10.~ 10.~(1510‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪1(1~~~(~0‬‬ ‫~‪5~11~0.(01101151‬‬ ‫~‪~110.10.‬‬ ‫‪2~(0‬‬ ‫~‪~(055111‬‬ ‫~‪0110.‬‬ ‫~~‪1105111~~ 11111111~0113‬‬ ‫~(~~~‪111‬‬
‫(~‪~~~1~ 1110(0‬‬ ‫~‪10 11(0~10‬‬ ‫‪(1 ~01111110005‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪01110~~(.‬‬ ‫‪10.15 1~11~ 01 ~0111111111(111011‬‬
‫~~‪15 (1111111~0111 3~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~(5,‬‬ ‫‪110.(15~-~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫‪(~~1111~(5,‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~~~10~011~~(1~(5.‬‬
‫~(‪~1~0‬‬ ‫‪3-1(1‬‬ ‫‪50.0~5‬‬ ‫(‪10.~ ~1(~1111 (1(((111~~111~11110‬‬ ‫‪11(110((11 ~0111111111(111011 (1110 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪3-10‬‬
‫‪50.0~5‬‬ ‫~~‪10.~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~11((~111 ~(1~~10(1115‬‬ ‫~‪~110. (1 0~1(1‬‬ ‫~ ‪(111~1~,‬‬ ‫‪= 0.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ ()(0/(1)1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪(1118/(0 ~ 15 0~1111~0‬‬
‫(‪10.~ 11151(111110.~ 10.~(1510‬‬
‫‪(15 10.~ (111~1~ 0~1~~~11‬‬
‫‪15 11(~0.‬‬
‫‪10.~ 2~(0‬‬ ‫~‪~(055111‬‬ ‫~‪0110.‬‬ ‫~~‪1111101 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪(1110‬‬

‫(‪111 50111~ 10.~(1510‬‬ ‫‪~1(~0115,‬‬ ‫~~‪10.~ 1111101 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪15 0~ (1110 10.~ 10(~(1(0‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111‬‬ ‫~‪0110.‬‬
‫(‪10.~(1510‬‬ ‫‪15 10(~~0‬‬ ‫‪10 2~(0‬‬ ‫~(‪0~ (111 (100111011(11 ~1(~011‬‬ ‫‪~(111~0 ~0111111/1((1(/011 ~/,~/1/( 10‬‬
‫~‪10(11 01110.‬‬ ‫‪10.~(1510(.‬‬ ‫)(‪10./5 1~~0.111~0~ 15 ~(111~010,~(0‬‬ ‫~‪~0111111/1((1(/011 (1110 110(111(111‬‬
‫~‪(1111111~0 111 0~-0‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫)‪(~0.01111~(5‬‬ ‫~‪(1110 0~-(1‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪(111~~(1~(5).‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬
‫‪10(~~0‬‬ ‫(‪~011111101(111011 01 (1 10.~(1510‬‬ ‫‪~(111 0~ (1~0.1~~~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 5~~~11‬‬ ‫~‪~(1~5 (1110 ~311 0‬‬
‫~ ‪~1(155111~0 (15‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪5~11-~011111101(111011‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪2.‬‬ ‫~‪111111015‬‬ ‫‪~011111101(111011‬‬

‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪~~5011(1111‬‬ ‫~‪11015‬‬ ‫‪~011111101(111011‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫~(‪~0111111~111~111(1‬‬ ‫‪~011111101(111011‬‬

‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪~)(1~(11(11‬‬ ‫~‪11015‬‬ ‫‪~011111101311011‬‬

‫‪6.‬‬ ‫~‪~0(10-510‬‬ ‫‪~011111101(111011‬‬
‫‪7.‬‬ ‫~‪~111~-510‬‬ ‫‪~011111101(111011‬‬

‫‪58~. 3-3‬‬ ‫‪57‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪10.15 ~1355111~31100.‬‬ ‫‪0110(~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0(0.(0.0131100.5‬‬ ‫‪15 ~35~0‬‬ ‫‪00. 10.~ 3((30.~~(0.~0.1‬‬ ‫~‪0110.‬‬
‫‪~0(0.(0.0131100.‬‬ ‫‪~1(~011 ~0(0.~00.~0.15‬‬ ‫(~‪30.0 10.~ (0.30.0.‬‬ ‫~‪10. ~0.1~0.10.‬‬ ‫‪~0((~0.1‬‬ ‫(‪01 3 10.)1(1510‬‬
‫‪15 10(~~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~~(0.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫‪~0(0.(0.0131100.‬‬ ‫‪~1(~011‬‬ ‫‪0.0((0.311)1‬‬ ‫‪~00.51515‬‬ ‫‪01 3 ~3~3~110(,‬‬ ‫‪30.‬‬
‫‪10.00~10(,‬‬ ‫‪30.0‬‬ ‫~‪00.‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫~(‪(0.0‬‬ ‫)‪10.)1(1510((5‬‬ ‫(‪30.0/0‬‬ ‫(~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪5).‬‬

‫‪10. 10.15 1)1~~ 01 ~0(0.(0.0131100.,‬‬ ‫(‪3 10.)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪15 10(0.~0‬‬ ‫~‪011 00‬‬ ‫‪10 10.~ 0.310(31‬‬ ‫‪~0.3(3~-‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪1~(1511~5 0110.‬‬ ‫‪~1(~011.‬‬ ‫‪~~1‬‬ ‫(~‪05 ~00.510‬‬ ‫‪10.~ ~1(~01110.‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪3-23‬‬ ‫~‪~110.10.‬‬ ‫‪3550(0.~1100.‬‬
‫(‪10.31 10.~ ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪15 10.111(11)1 00.~0.3(~~0.‬‬ ‫‪~0.~0.‬‬ ‫(‪10.)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪11 15 5~11~0.~0‬‬ ‫‪00.,‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬
‫(‪~3~3~110‬‬ ‫~‪~0.3(~10.‬‬ ‫‪~0((~0.1‬‬ ‫‪15 ~1~~0.‬‬ ‫‪~)1‬‬

‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= 1--~ +‬‬ ‫(‪/ 0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫~)‪1‬‬
‫((‬
‫)‪= 0‬‬ ‫) ‪(3-1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~)‪1‬‬
‫‪= 1)/-‬‬
‫‪~ 1‬‬
‫= ((~)‪~110.10.11131 ~00.011100. 1‬‬ ‫((‪0) = 030.01‬‬ ‫)‪= 0) = 0, 10.~50101100.01 8(). (3-1‬‬
‫()‪(~0.1~0.15 0~(1~~0 10. ~~~~0.(1‬‬ ‫)‪0.3‬‬ ‫‪~1~~5 10.~ ~0.3(~10.~ ~0((~0.1‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫)‪(3-2‬‬

‫(‪30.0 10.~ ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~ 35‬‬

‫)‪1)~(1‬‬ ‫‪= ~,(1 -‬‬ ‫)(‪~05 0),,,‬‬ ‫)‪(3-3‬‬

‫)((‬ ‫(‬
‫‪~0.~(~ 0),,, = 1~.‬‬ ‫= ~‪~11~( 11(0.‬‬ ‫‪= ~,‬‬ ‫‪10.~ ~0.3(~10.~ ~0((~0.1 ~~~0(0.~5‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~~(0 30.0 10.)1(1510( 11 15 5~11~0.~0 011115~11.‬‬ ‫‪00.~~ 10.)1(1510( 11 15 11(~0, 10.~(~ 15 3‬‬
‫‪0~13)1 01 (() 5~~00.05 ~~10(~ 11 15 10(0.~0 01130.0 (() (0.3)1 ~~ ~311~0 35 10.~ ~0111111/1((1(10/1‬‬
‫‪(1111~0110.~ ~1(~011. 10.15 (0.~10.00 0110(0.10.~ 011 310.)1(1510( 15 ~311~0 5~//-~0111111/1((1(10/1‬‬
‫‪30.0 10.)1(1510( 11 15 5310 10 ~~ 5~11-~0(0.(0.0131~0.‬‬
‫‪2~(0, 10.~ ~3~3~110( 15 ~0.3(~~0 10 2~5.‬‬
‫‪~0.~0. 10.~ ~1(~011 ~0((~0.1 13115 10‬‬
‫‪10.~ ~3~~10((0.5 3(~ 50.0~0. 10. ~1~. 3-2~.‬‬
‫~(‪~1~0‬‬ ‫~(~‪3-33 50.0~5 3 1)1~1~31 ~1(~011 ~0.‬‬ ‫(‪10.~ ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫~~‪0.35 30. 10.11131~0113‬‬
‫‪01 ~(). ~0.~0.‬‬ ‫‪10.)1(1510( 11 15 11(~0, 10.~ ~0((~0.110.31‬‬ ‫~‪~111110‬‬ ‫~‪10.(00~0.10.‬‬ ‫‪~1(~01115‬‬
‫‪~1~~0. ~)1‬‬

‫)‪(3-4‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪58‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪,1‬‬
‫~~‪..‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪---0(/‬‬
‫‪~,,‬‬ ‫~‪.,. ().),.,,‬‬

‫‪~~~0‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪,,‬‬ ‫‪~,.,,,,/‬‬
‫‪~0~+‬‬
‫~~‪---‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫(( ‪~110111111(11 ~011(1~~ ,/)0‬‬ ‫= )‪= 0‬‬ ‫(‪- ~0 (1110/(( = 0) = 0, ~(). (3-4) ~1~~5111~((1~(1(110‬‬
‫‪(1.1((~111 (15‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(3-5‬‬

‫)((‪1)0‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪- ~0‬‬ ‫‪(05‬‬ ‫(‪~,,,‬‬ ‫)‪(3-6‬‬
‫(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪11(11~ ( = (~ = (0 = 10 ~,‬‬ ‫‪10~ (1.1((~111 0~(0(11~5‬‬ ‫‪2~(0‬‬ ‫(‪(1110 111~ ((1~(1(110‬‬
‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪15 (~~~(5~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~0.‬‬ ‫‪(~15 ((111~0 111~ ,~1/~,5/118 (//11~.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~(1~~10((115‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 5110~11‬‬
‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪3-30.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪~,.3(1))1‬‬

‫~‬
‫(‬

‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪3-1‬‬

‫‪1~~1~~) 10~118101‬‬ ‫‪~11~1.11118 800~11‬‬

‫‪= 0, 0~1~1111111~10~ ~01101.1~11011‬‬
‫‪1) 18 11.1111~0011.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪3-4.‬‬ ‫‪11 10~118101‬‬
‫‪11111~0110~118101 1) ~110 10~ ~~~~~1101 .,,011~~~ 311~1‬‬
‫~ ~‪~11~1.111~31~111~1~18 ~1‬‬
‫‪11101.1~101~~111~8 ~11 111111~1~1.111~11101/,,,‬‬
‫‪1) 18 8~11~0~0‬‬

‫‪= 10 ~11, ~ = 50 ~~, ~110~5 = 200‬‬

‫‪= 250 ~.‬‬
‫‪011 ~1‬‬

‫‪8011111011‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~1101‬‬ ‫‪~1.111~11118 ~)(~1~88~0‬‬ ‫‪~8‬‬

‫‪(//‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫= )‪/ (/( + 1)0 (( = 0‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬

‫)‪~110 111111~1~1.111~111/ (( = 0) = /,,, ~110 1)0(( = 0‬‬

‫‪= ~0 = ~,.‬‬ ‫‪10~ .,,011~~~ 3110 ~1.111~111‬‬
‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫~‪~~~~~1101 (110111 ~~~~11(1)( 0) ~1‬‬

‫)((‪/‬‬
‫‪= /,,,‬‬ ‫(‪~08 0),,,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪..1~0..~ 3-4‬‬ ‫‪5~11-(0/11/111.1/3/~0 //1~.15/0.‬‬

‫‪(1.(1.11/.‬‬

‫‪5€~.‬‬ ‫‪3-3‬‬ ‫‪59‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪,0~.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫~‬
‫)‪.,,0(1‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪--0‬‬ ‫‪- -‬‬
‫‪~1~0~~ 3-5‬‬
‫‪10~1115.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪5111 (,),,,( +‬‬
‫‪110(/) = /,,,‬‬
‫~)‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~5‬‬

‫‪)( ,,.~,‬‬ ‫~~~‪10~ ~0111111111~1101111~(100 ~1105 ~110 10~ ~~11~~110( ,,,011‬‬

‫‪0.5‬‬

‫‪11, (( = (0) = ~0 = ~, + /,,,‬‬

‫~)‬ ‫)‪(3-7‬‬
‫~ ~ ‪= ~5 +‬‬
‫~(~‪.,.,0‬‬ ‫~~~‪~ ~ 15 10~ 0,,,~(,,,011‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫~‪~~11~~110( ~110 0~11~1105 011 10~ 111111~1~11((~111 0110‬‬
‫‪111011~10(, /,,,, .,.,01~015, 111 111051 ~~5~5, 10~ 10~0 ~11((~111.‬‬ ‫‪~1~11(~ 3-4 500.,.,5 ~ 1~111~~1‬‬
‫‪~()111,,,~1~111~1(~1111 011(111~ 10~ ~0111111111~1101111(0~~55.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~ = 50 /-1-~,~ = 10 /-1-11,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~5 = 200 ~, ~110/,,, = 250 ~, ~~ = 111.8 ~, ~0 = 200 + 111.8 = 311.8 ~, ~110‬‬
‫‪(0 = 35.12‬‬ ‫~‪/-1-5. 10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111 ~110 ,,,011~~~ .,.,~,,,~10(1115 ~(~ 500.,.,11 111~1~. 3-5.‬‬

‫‪~11‬‬ ‫‪1(11~1.115~-~0(11(111.11(11~0 ~1(~1.111 15 500~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~. 3-6.‬‬ ‫~‪11 15 (1551.1(11~0 10(11 10‬‬ ‫‪~(1-‬‬
‫(‪~(1~110‬‬ ‫‪15 111111(111~~0(1(~~0‬‬ ‫‪10 (1 ~011(1~~ 0~ - ~0 ~110 10~ ~01(1(11~ 500~11.‬‬
‫(‪1-~1 1.15 (1551.1(11~ 10(11 10~(1510‬‬ ‫~‪11 15 111111(111~ ~01101.1~1111~ (1110 ~(1((~111‬‬ ‫‪(1 10(10‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111 0~ 1,.,,.‬‬ ‫‪~0~11‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(‪(11.1)(111(1(~ 10~(1510‬‬ ‫‪12 15 ~1(~0,‬‬ ‫(‪10~(1510‬‬ ‫‪11 15 (~~~(5~0‬‬
‫‪01(15~0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(‪~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 100(1.1~0‬‬ ‫(‪10~(1510‬‬ ‫~‪11 ~111 ~~(15‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫~‪60‬‬ ‫‪(1110 10~ ~(1~(1~110( ~01.110 ~(1((~ 10~ 10(10 ~1.1((~111.‬‬ ‫~~(‪10~ ~(1~(1~110( ~111 015~0(1‬‬
‫(‪~(0(11 - ~0 10 2~(0 (1110 10~11 ~0(1(~~ 10 10~ 0~ 111~1.11~011(1~~, ~5, ~0~11 10~ ~(1~(1~110‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~1‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~3‬‬ ‫‪--0‬‬ ‫‪~~1.,,0‬‬
‫‪+‬‬

‫‪/....‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫‪0,,,‬‬

‫‪60‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫‪,.-1‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪...0~1899 8~~055 ,.-1‬‬
‫‪~,,,‬‬ ‫‪~,.1‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪~,,,‬‬
‫‪--‬‬ ‫~‪-,-‬‬
‫~‪,.1+~.‬‬ ‫‪~,.-2‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪+1‬‬ ‫‪0,,,‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪....‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪-‬‬
‫‪(8) ~,~~~,1‬‬ ‫‪(0) ~8~910~1115‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~1.1((~1111(1118 10 2~(0‬‬ ‫(‪(1110 111~(1810‬‬ ‫‪1211.1(118 011.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~11(1(~~ (~~~(8(11‬‬ ‫(‪01111~ ~(111(1~110‬‬
‫‪1(0(11‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫=(‬ ‫)‪~5‬‬
‫(‪- ~0 18 111~11 0011~ 0~ 11(111~ 111~(1810‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪13.‬‬ ‫(‪111~(1810‬‬ ‫‪13 18 8~11-‬‬
‫‪~0(11(111.11(11~0 81(1111(1( 10 111~ ~1(~1.111111 ~1~. 3-3.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~()1.11~(11~111 ~1(~1.111 01.1(111~ 111~ ~0(11(111.11(111011 11~(100‬‬ ‫‪18 8110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪3-7(1.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(‪111~(1810‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~(111(1~110( ~011(1~~8‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 8110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪3-70.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪11(11~ (~()1.11(~0‬‬
‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~~(‪111~ ~(111(1~110( 10 018~11(1‬‬ ‫‪1(0(11‬‬
‫‪- ~0 10 2~(0 18 ~(111~0 111~ ~/,.~/1/11/1,.11-0//‬‬ ‫‪1/,,,~,‬‬
‫(~‪1~, (1110 (111.1810~ ~(~(11‬‬ ‫‪111(111111~ 11.1(11-01111(11~ 01111~ 111~(1810(, 1011. 1~ 18 (1180 ~(111~0‬‬
‫~‪111~ (11/(1//(10/‬‬ ‫‪1/1,.11-0//‬‬ ‫‪1/,,,~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 018~11(1(~111~ 11(11~ ~111 0~11~110 011 111~ 10(10 ~1.1((~111‬‬
‫‪(1110 (1881.1(11111~(1 ~01181(1111 10(10 ~1.1((~111 011,,,,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪110 = 1.‬‬
‫‪((.‬‬
‫= ‪~)0,,, 1 01‬‬
‫~‪1,,,1‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‪1~ 18 ~1~~11 0‬‬

‫~‪~0‬‬
‫‪1~ =-‬‬ ‫)‪(3-8‬‬
‫‪1,,,‬‬
‫~‪8111~~ (1 (~~~(8‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪01 ~0 18 (1111111~0 (1~(088‬‬ ‫(‪111~(1810‬‬ ‫(~‪11 1(11(11~01(11~1~ (111‬‬
‫(‪11(111~ 01111~(1810‬‬ ‫‪12,‬‬ ‫‪11118 18 /(110~11‬‬ ‫~‪(18 1/0/1(18‬‬ ‫‪~0,,,,,,/11(11/011.‬‬ ‫‪01.1~ 10 111~ 1.18~ 01‬‬
‫(‪(11.1)(111(1(~111~(1810‬‬ ‫‪12, 111181~11~ 01 ~0(11(111.11(11101118 (1180 ~(111~0 (1~///(1,.)1‬‬ ‫‪~0,,,,,,/11(11/011.‬‬
‫(‪111~(1810‬‬ ‫‪11 18 80(11~11(11~8‬‬ ‫‪/(110~11‬‬ ‫‪(18 111~ ,,,(1/11 (/1)1,./5/0,.‬‬ ‫‪0~~(11.18~ 11 ~(1((1~8‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(10‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪11 ~(111 0‬‬ ‫‪11011~~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0(11‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬ ‫)‪(3-8‬‬ ‫~‪111(11 111~ ~1(~1.111 11.1(11-01111(11‬‬ ‫~‪18 111~~(8~1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪11(0110(11011(1110‬‬ ‫~(~~ ‪111~ 10(10 ~1.1((~111~ (1110 (11 (1‬‬ ‫‪11~11110(10‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪10(10 ~1.1((~111) 111‬‬
‫~‪11.1(11-01111(11‬‬ ‫‪~111 0~ 1(1(~~.‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ 0111~( 11(1110, (11 (1 111~1110(10 ~1.1((~111 111~ 11.1(11-‬‬
‫~‪01111(11‬‬ ‫‪~111 0~ 8(11(111.‬‬ ‫‪111 (111 10~(11 ~0(11(111.11(111011 ~1(~1.111, 111~ 11.1(11-01111(11~ 81101.110‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪1110~11~110~111‬‬ ‫‪01 111~ 10(10‬‬ ‫(~‪~1.1((~111 111 0(0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1.1(1((1111~~ 111~ ~0(11(111.11(111011 01‬‬
‫(‪111~(1810‬‬ ‫‪11.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 018~11(1(~111~ 01111‬‬ ‫‪~(111(1~110( ~(111 0~ (1~~~1~((11~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~01111~~1111~ (1‬‬
‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪/)1‬‬
‫‪(1110 (111 11101.1~10( 1-1 (1~(088‬‬ ‫(‪111~ (11(1111111~(1810‬‬ ‫‪(18 8110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~. 3-~~ (1110‬‬
‫‪11118 18 1111.181((11~0 111 ~)((1(11111~ 3-3.‬‬

‫‪58~. 3-3‬‬ ‫‪61‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(..1‬‬ ‫‪0,‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1,,,‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~1,0‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬
‫‪(..‬‬ ‫‪0,,,‬‬
‫~‪...~0..‬‬ ‫‪3-8‬‬ ‫(‪111111()15~-~0111111()(3.(~0 ~1~~()1‬‬
‫‪~1(11 3.~~~1~~3.(~0‬‬ ‫‪~~~113.~~10~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪~)(3111()1‬‬ ‫‪3-2‬‬

‫~‪~111111~015~-~01111110131~01/1~~1510‬‬ ‫‪~1~~01115‬‬ ‫‪5/10~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪3-9.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~~111111‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ 3,,,311301‬‬

‫~‪10~11-0116111‬‬
‫‪011/1~ ~1~~011111/, = 200 ~, ~ = 10 0, ~ = 5 ~~, 31101/()= 1/,.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪8010(100‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ ~().1.11,,,31~111~1~~1.11101.1~111~1/1~ ~01111110136011 ~~~100‬‬ ‫‪15 5/10~11 111 ~1~. 3-‬‬
‫‪10.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ ,,,0113~~ 3~~055 1/1~ ~01111111.1136011~3~3~110‬‬ ‫~‪15 ~1,,,~11 0‬‬

‫= ~)‪7‬‬ ‫)‪/ (/( + 7)~(( = 0‬‬

‫‪~1‬‬

‫~‪1/1~ 5011.111011011/1~5‬‬ ‫(( ~)‪~().1.1360115 ~11/11111631 ,,,0113~~ 7‬‬ ‫)‪0‬‬ ‫)(‪-1/‬‬

‫~‪1/1~ ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪,,,0113~~ 35‬‬
‫)~‪2~-(',,‬‬
‫)‪7)~(1‬‬ ‫‪= 1/,(1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪1/1~ 11.1~11-01111111~,(4, ~/11~/1 ~311 0~ 101.1110 111/1~ ~011016011 7), (( = (4) = 0 15 536511~0,‬‬
‫‪15 501,,,~0 35‬‬

‫‪100 3110~ = 5 ~~,‬‬

‫‪(4‬‬
‫)‪= ~~ 111(2‬‬
‫‪(4‬‬ ‫‪= 34.7 ~5.‬‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫~‪...~0..‬‬ ‫‪3-9‬‬ ‫‪111111()15~-~0111111()(3.(~0‬‬ ‫(‪~1~~()1‬‬

‫~‪~~515(1,,,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~1111‬‬ ‫‪)03.0.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪= ~5-‬‬
‫‪+‬‬

‫~‪...~0..‬‬ ‫‪3-10‬‬ ‫(‪~()()1,,,3.1~0‬‬ ‫‪~1~~()1( (0~ ~)(-‬‬

‫‪3.111111~3-2.‬‬

‫‪62‬‬
 ‫~‪~,.301))1‬‬ ‫‪3-3‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪111~ ~0011111.1136011 ~1~~1.111111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫~~‪3-8 1135 3 ~3~3~11311‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪= 20 /1.~ 3110 ~~~113~~111‬‬
‫~‪11101.1~10~1-1 = 25 /1.1-1. 111~ 1111631 ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~ 15 ~()1.13110 111~ 111~1.11~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪= ~5 = 200~.‬‬ ‫‪11111~ 1030 ~1.1~~~111,/,,,, ~3~~1~5 0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪50 3110 200 ~,‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~~111111‬‬
‫‪111~ ~3~1360115 01111~ ~1~~1.11111.1~11-0116111~, (4.‬‬

‫‪8011.11100‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~()1.11~31~111 ~1~~1.11101.1~111~ 111~ ~01111111.11311011~~~100‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪3-11.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 0~1111111~ ~()1.1360115 3‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪111~ 1111631~011016011510 (( = 0) = /,,, (1101)0 (( = 0) = - ~0 = - ~5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5011.160115‬‬
‫‪01111~5~ ~()1.1360115)11~10111~~3~3~110~ ~1.1~~~111‬‬‫‪(1~0111~~~~1101)( 1)) 35‬‬

‫‪~/‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪10(0 = ~0‬‬ ‫(‪5111(01( + /,,, ~05 (01‬‬
‫‪1-1‬‬

‫~~‪111~ ~0113‬‬ ‫~‪3~~055 111~ ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪15 ~)(~~~55~0‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫‪1)0(0 = /,,,‬‬
‫~)‬ ‫‪5111(01( -‬‬ ‫(‪~0 ~05 (01‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪~11~~~ (01 = 1(-../1-1~. 111~ 3~311301~ 11.1~11-0116111‬‬
‫‪1~0111 111~ ~0110111011 1)0 (( = (4) = 0 3110 15 501~~0 35‬‬
‫~‪0~ ~1~~1.11111.1~11-01111111‬‬
‫‪15 0013111~0‬‬

‫)‪(3-9‬‬

‫‪~0~ ~ = 20 /1.~, 1-1 = 25 /1.1-1,~0 = 200 ~, 3110/,,, = 50 ~,‬‬ ‫= ~ ~‪(4 = 29.0 /1.5. ~0‬‬
‫‪20 /1.~, 1-1 = 25 /1.1-1,~0 = 200~, 3110/,,, = 100~, (4 = 23.7. /1.5. ~0~ ~ = 20 /1.~,‬‬
‫‪1-1 = 25 /1.11,~0 = 200~, 3110/,,, = 200 ~, (4 = 16.3 /1.5.‬‬

‫‪01‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪.,1‬‬ ‫‪~ 3-11‬‬ ‫(‪~()01~3)~11‬‬ ‫‪~1(~01( ~0( ~)(-‬‬

‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪3((1111~ 3-3.‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪3-3‬‬ ‫‪63‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪/-/01~. ~8 111~ 1030 ~1.1((~01 10~(~38~8 1(000 50 ~ 10 200 ~, 111~ 11.1(0-0111100‬‬
‫‪0~~(~38~8 1(000 29 /-1-810 16.3 /-1-8. 111~ 1.18~01 30 ~)(1(3 0100~ 003~~8 111~ 11.1(0-011‬‬
‫‪1100~ 1~88 0~~~00~01‬‬ ‫‪00 111~ 1030.‬‬

‫‪111~ (~800301 ~1.118~~000001.1131100 ~30 0~ ~)(~1310~0 ~1111 ~1~. 3-123.‬‬ ‫‪~1~1.1(~ 3-120‬‬
‫‪8110~8 111~ ~3..,~10(008‬‬ ‫‪10( 111~ ~3~3~110( ~1.1((~01 300 ..,0113~~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~3~3~110( 18‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪10111(11)1~113(~~0 ~1111 111~ ~013(11)1 38 8110~0 300 111)1(1810( 11 18 10 111~ ~0001.1~1100‬‬
‫~‪0000‬‬ ‫‪~3(()110~ 3 1030 ~1.1((~01 011,,,.‬‬
‫‪~11~0 ~000001.1131100 111)1(1810( 12 18 11(~0, 3 (~800301‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.11118 10(00~0‬‬ ‫‪0)11.,‬‬
‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪11 300 12. 111~ (~800301 ~1.1((~01 ~30 0~ 0~(1..,~0 38‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)((‪.‬‬ ‫‪~ ~0‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪= 1,, 810 0) ,,,1‬‬
‫(~‪.,0 .,‬‬
‫)‪(3-10‬‬

‫)‪(3-12‬‬
‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫~‪1,, 18 111~ ~~3‬‬ ‫~‪~~(00188101‬‬ ‫‪..,311.1~ 01 (~800301‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01.‬‬
‫‪01.1~ 10 111~ (~800301‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫(‪01111)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪11 18 (~01.1~~0‬‬
‫‪10 2~(0‬‬ ‫‪311‬‬ ‫‪= 11, ~11~0 111~ (~800301‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01 ~().1.1318111~ 1030 ~1.1((~01, 1,,,.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 1100‬‬
‫=‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪= 1,,, 300 18 101.100 38‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪11 001.181 8(1181)1111‬‬

‫~‪111~ ~0((~8~00010‬‬
‫‪~00011100‬‬

‫‪(,‬‬
‫‪/ (1‬‬

‫~‪..,311.1~ 01111‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪~8.0-,‬‬

‫(‪~3~3~110‬‬
‫)~~(‬
‫~~‪..,0113‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫)‪(3-13‬‬

‫‪1)0 (1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪- ~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪- ~0 ~08 0),,,11‬‬ ‫) ‪(3-14‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0,,,‬‬

‫‪64‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(‪(1.1((~111 111(01.1~11 111)1(1810‬‬ ‫)‪1‬‬ ‫~‪~111 (~(18‬‬ ‫~‪10 110‬‬ ‫(‪(1110 111~ ((1~(1(110‬‬ ‫‪~111‬‬
‫~~(‪(~(11(1‬‬ ‫‪(11 (1 ((11~ 0~1~(111111~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1111~ 10(10 (1.1((~111 /,,,.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ((1~(1(110‬‬ ‫~~(‪~111 018(11(1‬‬
‫‪1(0111‬‬ ‫)~~‬ ‫‪10 2~(0‬‬ ‫~~‪(1110 118 ~011(1‬‬ ‫(‪~111 111~11 (18~ 10 111~ 0‬‬ ‫~((‪801.1‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪~5,‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬
‫~‪~111(11 ((18~ 0100‬‬ ‫‪/),,,‬‬ ‫~‪81(1(18 (01101.1(1111‬‬ ‫‪(1110 (1 8111.1(1110118111111(1( 10 111~ (1((1.111 111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪3-4‬‬ ‫‪~)(1818 ~1111 (1 11111~ 01.1((111011 01 (0.‬‬ ‫‪11118 18 8110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪3-120.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~11~(~)1‬‬
‫‪810(~0‬‬ ‫(‪111 11101.1(10‬‬
‫‪1- 01.1~ 10 111~ 10(10 (1.1((~111 /,,, 18 1((11181~((~0‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ ((1~(1(110(,‬‬
‫‪((11.18111~ 11 10 0~ 0~~((11(1(~~0,‬‬ ‫(‪(1110 111~ ((1~(1(110‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~ ~() ((111 0~ ((11(1.11(11~0 1(0111‬‬
‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫‪(3-7).‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ((1~(1(110‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪18 (~~~(8~0‬‬ ‫~~ ‪1(0111‬‬ ‫=(‬ ‫)‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 - ~0 0)111(111‬‬ ‫‪13.‬‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪18 8~11-(01111111.11(11~0‬‬ ‫‪8111111(1( 10‬‬ ‫‪111~ 6((1.111111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪3-3.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~~1.11~(11~111‬‬ ‫‪(1((1.111‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (11(1(~111‬‬ ‫‪~~(100‬‬ ‫‪18 8111111(1( 10‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 011‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪3-‬‬
‫‪7(1.‬‬ ‫‪~(0111‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫‪(3-8),‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (1((1.11111.1(11-01111111‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫‪(,,‬‬
‫)~~‬
‫‪= - /,,,‬‬ ‫)‪(3-15‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(~‪1-~1 1.18 0~1111~ (1 ~(1((1111~1‬‬ ‫‪~ ~111(1118‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ((1110 01111‬‬ ‫~‪~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪(~8011(1111 (1.1((~111 10 111‬‬
‫‪10(10 (1.1((~111.‬‬ ‫‪111~11‬‬

‫)‪(3-16‬‬
‫~~~~~~~‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫~(‪(~01.1‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(~(1(0‬‬ ‫)‪(1.1((~111 011‬‬ ‫‪10 2~(0,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(111.1~ 01 ~ 1111.1810~ ~(~(11~( 111(111‬‬
‫‪1.0.‬‬ ‫‪111 ~((1(11(~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(111.1~ 011-‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~ (1(~ (1108~11 81.1(11111(11 ~ = 1.5.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~(111.1‬‬
‫‪01 () 111 ~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(3-13‬‬ ‫)~ ‪18 110(111(111)1 8111(111(1110‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(111.1~ 01 (,, 001(1111~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0111‬‬
‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(3-15‬‬ ‫‪81101.110 0~ (1~~(0)(1111(11~1)1‬‬ ‫‪~~1.1(11 10 111(11 001(1111~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪(3-8).‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪01.1~ 10 111~ 1(1(1111(11 (1 (~8011(1111 ~1.118~ 01 (1.1((~11118‬‬
‫(‪(1.1((~111 01111)1(1810‬‬
‫‪~0/11/1111((1(/011.‬‬
‫‪(1180 0~~~110~111‬‬
‫‪0~ (1((~1~((11~0‬‬
‫(‪111~ (1.1((~111 01111)1(1810‬‬
‫~‪11 ((111 0‬‬
‫‪1) 10 2~(0,‬‬

‫‪011 111~ 10(10 (1.1((~111.‬‬

‫~‪0)1 (01111~(1111‬‬
‫‪11011(~0‬‬

‫~‪(1 0100‬‬
‫‪1) 18 (~01.1(~0‬‬
‫‪1(0111 ~~.‬‬

‫‪/)2‬‬
‫‪10 2~(0,‬‬
‫)‪(3-15‬‬
‫~‪111~ 018(11(1(~111‬‬
‫‪(18 8110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬
‫~‪111~ (~~~(8‬‬
‫~(‪1.18~0 10 (~01.1‬‬
‫‪11118 1)1~~ 01 (01111111.11(111011 18 (1180 ~110~11‬‬

‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫(‪((1~(1(110‬‬
‫‪3-13(1.‬‬
‫~~‪~011(1‬‬
‫‪111~ 10(~(1(0‬‬

‫~‪111(11 111~ (1((1.111 11.1(11-01111111‬‬

‫(‪(18 ~11,,~11‬‬

‫~~‪~011(1‬‬
‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬
‫~‪(1~~~(1(111‬‬
‫‪18‬‬
‫‪((111‬‬
‫~(‪011‬‬
‫‪(1((088‬‬
‫)‪1‬‬ ‫‪18 111~ 10(~(1(0‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪0(0‬‬ ‫~‪01 0100‬‬ ‫‪/)2,‬‬ ‫‪~111(11 18 8111(111.‬‬ ‫~‪11118 ~111 111(1~~ 111‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪02‬‬

‫‪.1‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~~.,‬‬ ‫‪-,,0‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪-,,0‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪-,,.‬‬
‫‪0.,‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪.3‬‬
‫‪-,,1‬‬
‫‪-,,0‬‬
‫)‪(8‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~~/‬‬ ‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪~8~810~015‬‬

‫‪58~. 3-3‬‬ ‫‪65‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪111)1(1510(,5‬‬ ‫‪(~~0~~()1‬‬ ‫‪~(0~~55‬‬ ‫~‪510‬‬ ‫‪(10011 ~01110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0~~~55(1()110‬‬ ‫~‪~(0~10‬‬ ‫(~~‪100‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(5‬‬
‫~‪01(15 11(0~ 111(10 111(1111111~ 0100‬‬ ‫~(~~ ‪/)2‬‬ ‫‪001‬‬ ‫‪~(~5~01.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01,‬‬ ‫‪/0((),‬‬
‫(‪(100 111~ ~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫‪1)0((),‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪3-130.‬‬

‫~‪~~301))1‬‬ ‫‪3-4‬‬

‫‪1/1~ (~50113111111115~ ~0111111111311011~1(~1111111~1~. 3-123 /135 ~3113~11311~~, ~ = 30 ~~ 3110‬‬

‫‪111011~1311~~, 1. = 4 ~1-1. 1/1~ 11111131~3113~110( ~0113~~ 15 1/0 = 200~.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~(111111~ 1/1‬‬
‫‪~1(~1111111(11-01111111~, (~, 111/1~ 1030 ~11((~111, /~, 15 (3) 250~,‬‬ ‫‪3110 (0) 50~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪801111100‬‬ ‫~‪(3) /‬‬ ‫‪= 250~.‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 ~-=1. (3-13),‬‬

‫‪(1‬‬
‫~ =‬ ‫‪5111-1‬‬
‫)~‪( ~/‬‬
‫‪250‬‬
‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪= 5.192 ~5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫= ~‪(0‬‬ ‫‪= 91,287.1‬‬ ‫‪(30/5‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪(0~(1 = 0.474 (30‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪~(0111 ~-=1. (3-14),‬‬ ‫‪1/1‬‬ ‫‪= 200‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬ ‫)‪(0.474‬‬ ‫‪= 177.95 ~ 3110 1(0111 ~-=1. (3-15),‬‬

‫()‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫~(‬
‫‪= 177.95‬‬ ‫‪250 = 21.35 ~5‬‬
‫~‪(0)/‬‬ ‫‪= 50~.‬‬

‫‪(1‬‬
‫~ =‬ ‫‪5111-1‬‬
‫) ‪(~ ~/‬‬
‫‪200‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪= 1.0095 ~5‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫= ~‪(0‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫)‪1/1 = 200 ~05 (0.0914‬‬

‫‪= 91,287.1 (30/5‬‬

‫~ ‪= 199.16‬‬
‫‪(0~(1 = 0.0914 (30‬‬

‫()‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫~(‬ ‫‪= 199.16‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪= 119.5 ~5‬‬
‫‪250‬‬

‫‪~~3111))1~ 3-5‬‬

‫~‪~~11~31 ~)(3111111~ 3-4 11 311 31111113(311~1 0100‬‬ ‫‪/)2 15 ~01111~~1~0 3~(055‬‬ ‫(‪1/1~(1510‬‬ ‫‪11 35‬‬
‫‪5/10~11 111~1~. 3-133.‬‬

‫‪801111100‬‬ ‫‪(3) /~ = 250~.‬‬ ‫‪~/1~11 1/1~(1510( 12 15 11(~0, 3 (~50113111 111115~01 ~11((~111‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪110~5 1/1(011~/11/1~ ~3113~110( 3110 1/1~ 10(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111 011/1~(1510( 11 15 (~011~~0 10 2~(0‬‬
‫(‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪3111111‬‬ ‫‪= (1 = 5.192 ~5. 1/1~ ~3113~110( ~11((~111 /~(1) 311/115 11111~15 ~-=1113110 1/1~ 1030‬‬
‫‪~11((~111 /~ = 250~.‬‬ ‫‪~11~( 1/1~ ~11((~1110111 15 (~011~~0 10 2~(0, 1/1~ (~5011311105~111311011‬‬
‫~‪~011111111~51/1(011~/1 0100‬‬ ‫‪/)2 11111111/1~ (~50113111 ~11((~111 13115 03~/( 10 1/1~ 1030 (11((~111‬‬
‫‪1~~~1 31 11111~(2.‬‬ ‫‪1/115 15 5/10~11 111~1~. 3-130.‬‬

‫‪(2‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪,,.‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪,,.‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪5.192‬‬ ‫‪= 29.22 ~5‬‬

‫(‬
‫)‪~(0111 ~-=1. (3-14‬‬ ‫(‪1/1~ (3113~110‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(215‬‬

‫‪1/2‬‬ ‫‪= -200‬‬ ‫‪(05‬‬ ‫)‪(2.667‬‬ ‫‪= -177.9‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪66‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪(~ = (2 - (1 = 29.22‬‬ ‫‪- 5.192‬‬ ‫‪= 24.03 ~5‬‬
‫‪(0)1,,, = 50,6..‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪= 1.0095~5‬‬
‫‪(2‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 10‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪- 1.0095 = 33.41 ~5‬‬
‫‪(0,,, = 91,287.1‬‬ ‫‪~30/5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~ ‪172= 200 ~05 (3.05) = -199.1‬‬

‫‪(4‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬

‫‪= 33.41 - 1.0095 = 32.41 ~5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1-/0(~.‬‬ ‫~‪11 ~311 0‬‬ ‫~~~‪11011‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 ~0111~3(111‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪0135‬‬ ‫‪11111~5 ~1111 11105~ 01‬‬
‫~~‪~)(3111~1~ 3-4 11131 111~ 3~~111011 01 3 ~10‬‬ ‫‪1113/(~5‬‬ ‫‪/,, 1~55‬‬ ‫‪~~~~11~~111‬‬ ‫~‪011 111~ 103‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111 ~3(13110115.‬‬ ‫‪110~~~~(,‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~‪3 111~11~( 103‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 (~.~.,‬‬ ‫= ‪1171‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪~),‬‬ ‫‪(,, 111‬‬
‫~‪~)(3111~1‬‬ ‫‪3-4‬‬ ‫~‪15 1~55 11131 01 ~)(3111~1‬‬ ‫‪3-5.‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪~0111~1~111~1113()1‬‬ ‫(~‪~01111111.11311011 15 1.15~~ 10 1(31151‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪103~5‬‬ ‫~‪311‬‬
‫‪51.1~11311 3((311~~111~11115‬‬ ‫‪5110~11111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪3-14.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 11(111~ 01011‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1510( ~01111111.1131~5‬‬
‫(~‪111~ 0111‬‬ ‫‪011~.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~11~11‬‬

‫‪~1111 ~2.‬‬
‫‪15 11(~~,‬‬
‫~~‪~01111~~1‬‬
‫‪111)1(1510( 11 1511(~~, 111~ 103~ ~1111 ~115 ~01111~~1~~ 10 111~ 51.1~~1)1 ~0113~~,‬‬
‫(‪175, 311~ 31 111~ 53111~ 11111~ 111~ ~3~3~110‬‬
‫‪111~ ~013(11)101‬‬
‫(‪111~ ~3~3~110‬‬
‫~~~(‪~ 15 ~113‬‬
‫(‪~3~3~110‬‬
‫~~~‪15 111~11 ~13‬‬
‫‪10 111~ 51.1~~1)1 ~0113~~,‬‬
‫~‪10 175 111(01.1~11111~ 0111~( 103‬‬

‫‪175.‬‬
‫‪~ 15 35 5110~11111‬‬
‫‪3~(055‬‬ ‫(‪111)1(1510‬‬
‫~‪11 15 (~~~(5‬‬
‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪3-14.‬‬ ‫(‪~11~11111)1(1510‬‬

‫‪11 311~ 111~ 103~ ~1111 ~2 15‬‬

‫~~‪0135‬‬ ‫‪311~ 15 11.1(11~~ 011 0)1‬‬
‫‪12‬‬

‫‪1111~1.115~ ~01111111.11311011.‬‬ ‫~~‪011‬‬ ‫(‪111)1(1510‬‬

‫(‪11 15 5~11~11~~ 011, 111~ ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫~~‪(~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪10 -175 111(01.1~11 ~1, 12, 311~ 111~ 51.1~~1)1.‬‬ ‫(‪11111)1(1510‬‬
‫‪11 15 11(~~ 3~3111,‬‬
‫‪111)1(1510( 12 15 11.1(11~~ 011 311~ 111~ ~)1~1~ 15 (~~~31~~.‬‬ ‫‪~0(111311)1,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1~0 111()1(1510(5‬‬
‫‪~011~1.1~1 ~1111 ~().1.13111111~ 1111~(~315.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~3~~10(1115‬‬ ‫‪10( ~0113~~5‬‬ ‫~(‪311~ ~1.1((~1115 3‬‬
‫‪5110~11 111 ~1~. 3-15 10( ~1 = ~2 = ~.‬‬ ‫(‪5111~~ ~3~11111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪15 5~11~11~~ 011 ~1.1~ 10‬‬
‫‪1111~1.115~ ~01111111.11311011, 11115 1)1~~ 01 ~01111111.11311011 15 50111~11111~5 /(110~11 35 (0111))/~-‬‬
‫‪111~11((1,)) /(11))~/5~ (0111111~((1(/011.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫‪8,‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+ ~0‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪~1,‬‬
‫‪-..,0‬‬
‫‪..)~0..~ 3-14‬‬ ‫‪~0(1))1~01~1113~)/ ~00101013-‬‬
‫‪.).‬‬ ‫‪),‬‬
‫‪11011 ~1~~011.‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪3-3‬‬ ‫‪67‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪~,.301))1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬

‫‪(..‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪3-6‬‬

‫‪801111100‬‬

‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪~11~1111111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪3-14,‬‬ ‫‪0.(15 10(10‬‬
‫‪~ = 10 /-1~, (1110511~~1~ ,,,011(1~~, 11$ = 100‬‬

‫= ‪11,‬‬
‫‪1~5151(111~~5‬‬

‫‪/‬‬ ‫()(‬
‫~‪10.‬‬

‫‪+ 1)0‬‬
‫‪01 ~1‬‬
‫‪,.‬‬

‫((‬
‫=‬ ‫‪~2‬‬
‫~‪))~1~1111111‬‬
‫‪= ~ = 5 0, ~(1~(1~11(111~~,‬‬
‫‪10.~ ~11~1111111111-011‬‬

‫‪~5511111111~10.(1110.~ ~(1~(1~110115 ~0.(11~~0 10 511~~1~ ,,,011(1~~ 11, 11110.~ ~1~,,,10115‬‬

‫‪~0111111111(1601101 (1 ~0111~1~111~111(11~10.~115101, 10.~ ~()111,,,(11~111~11~1111 0111111~ 10.~ ~0111-‬‬
‫‪111111(16011~~1100‬‬ ‫‪15 5111111(1110 ~1~. 3-10.‬‬
‫‪6111~,‬‬

‫‪~1111~111 10.1011~0. 10.~ ~(1~(1~1101 15 ~1,,,~11‬‬

‫‪= 0) + ~/‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫= )‪~110. 1)0(( = 0‬‬ ‫‪- 110 = 11$, 10.~ 501116011 0110.15 ~()11(16011 ~1,,,~5 10.~ ~(1~(1~1101 ~1111~111‬‬
‫‪(15‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)~~~‪1)0(/) = 11$(1 - 2~-(/‬‬

‫)‪10.~ 111111-0116111~ (. ~(1110~ 10111101110.~ ~011016011 1), (( = (.‬‬

‫‪501,,,~0 (15‬‬

‫)‪(. = ~~ 111(2‬‬

‫‪~01 ~ = 50 (1110~ = 10 /-1~,(. = 34.7/-15.‬‬

‫‪68‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~‬ ‫‪~1.118~ 01 ~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪18 001(110~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 (10 ~)(1~(0(11‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪10 11.1(0 011 (1 ~0001.1~110‬‬
‫‪111)1(1810(.‬‬ ‫‪~1~1.1(~ 3-16‬‬ ‫‪8110~8‬‬ ‫‪(1111)1(1810( ~1(~1.1111.1810~ (10 ~)(1~(0(11‬‬ ‫‪~1.118~ ~01111111.11(11100‬‬
‫‪(100 1~0‬‬ ‫‪81.1~~1)1 801.1(~~8.‬‬ ‫~~‪17$ 18 111~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪111(110 81.1~~1)1 (100‬‬ ‫~~‪1718 111~ ~011(1‬‬
‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪(11.1)(111(1()1801.1(~~.‬‬
‫(‪11111)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪13 18 11(~0,‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫~~(‪~111 ~11(1‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 111~ (11.1)(111(1()1801.1(~~.‬‬
‫(‪~881.111110~ 111(11111~ ~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫‪18 10111(111)11.10~11(1(~~0,‬‬ ‫‪(1 (~800(101‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫(‪~1.118~ 01 ~~(1/‬‬
‫‪17~,‬‬ ‫‪~111~1118‬‬ ‫‪8111111(1( 10 111~ ~1(~1.111 10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪3-2,‬‬ ‫~‪~111110‬‬ ‫‪111(01.1~11 13 (100‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫(‪~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫‪18 ~11(1(~~0‬‬ ‫‪10 2~.‬‬ ‫(‪11111)1(1810‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪11 18 ~0001.1~110‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪(1 10(10‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫(‪81.1~~11~0 1(0111 111~ 111(110 801.1(~~ 17$, 11(10~ 01111)1(1810‬‬ ‫~‪12 ~111 (1~~1)1 (1 (~~~(8‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬
‫‪01 17$ -‬‬ ‫‪2~ (1~(088 111)1(1810( 11 (100 11 ~111 0~ 11.1(0~0 011. 00~~ 111)1(1810( 11 18‬‬
‫‪11.1(0~0‬‬ ‫‪011,‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫~~(‪~111 018~11(1‬‬ ‫‪111(01.1~11 111~ 10(10 (11 (1 ((11~ 0~1~(11110~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1‬‬
‫~‪111~ 111(1~0111.10~ 01111‬‬ ‫‪10(10 ~1.1((~01.‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪10 10(10-810‬‬
‫~‪111~ 018~11(1(~10‬‬
‫~~‪~~(10(111(10‬‬

‫‪3-6, 3-8, 3-12,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫~‪2‬‬

‫~‪0110(10-810‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪8‬‬

‫‪~01111111.11(11100, 111~ 10(10 10(1118 (1 8~(1~8‬‬

‫‪(100‬‬ ‫~‪(~~11(1(~10‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬
‫~‪1‬‬

‫(‪~(1~(1~110‬‬
‫‪~01111111.11(11100 ~1(~1.1118 0~~~008‬‬
‫~‪111~ ~01111111.11(11100 ~1(~1.1118 ~(10001 0~ 1~81~0 ~111101.11 ~000~~110‬‬
‫~‪(100 3-13 (1(~ ~)((1111~1~8 0110(10-810‬‬
‫‪111~ 10(10.‬‬
‫‪~01111111.11(11100.‬‬
‫~‪~1(~1.111 ~1111111‬‬
‫~‪(1(~ 000‬‬ ‫~‪111(01.1~11111‬‬
‫~(‪~(1~(1~110‬‬
‫‪10(10.‬‬
‫‪00 111~ 10(10 (100 10 (10011100‬‬
‫‪(100‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬

‫‪~1~1.1(~8‬‬

‫~‪10 11118 1)1~~ 01 ~01111111.11(11100, 111~ 018~11(1(~10‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫~‪(~~11(1(~10‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫(‪~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫~(‪(1‬‬
‫‪001‬‬ ‫‪(1~~0111~11811~0‬‬ ‫‪111(01.1~11 111~ 10(10‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬
‫‪111~ ~01111111.11(11100 ~1(~1.111 ~(10‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪1~81~0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪~111101.11 ~000~~110‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(10.‬‬ ‫‪~1~1.1(~ 3-17(1 8110~8 81.1~11 (1 ~1(~1.111.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫(‪111)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪18 11(~0,‬‬ ‫(‪~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪18 ~11(1(~~0‬‬ ‫‪10 217$ (100‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪18 8~11-‬‬
‫‪~01111111.11(11~0 8111111(1( 10 111~ ~1(~1.111 10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪3-2.‬‬ ‫(‪111)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪13 18 11(~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 (~~~(8‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫(‪~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪- 217$ (100‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪18 (1180 8~11-~01111111.11(11~0.‬‬ ‫~‪~881.111110‬‬ ‫‪111(11‬‬
‫~‪111)1(1810( 11 18 ~0001.1~110‬‬ ‫‪(100 ~(1((1~8 (1 10(10 ~1.1((~01 01 /,,,, 111)1(1810( 12 18 11(~0 10‬‬
‫‪11.1(0 011 11.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 11(10~ 01111)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪12 ~111 10(~(1(0‬‬ ‫~‪01(18 111~ 0100‬‬ ‫‪/),,, (100 (1~~1)1‬‬
‫~‪(1 (~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~ 01 217$ (1~(088 11 ~ (100 11 ~111 0~ 11.1(0~0 011.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 018~11(1(~10~ (100‬‬
‫~‪(~~11(1(~10‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫(‪~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫~‪~111 0~ 000‬‬ ‫‪111(01.1~11 111~ 81.1~~1)1.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~000~~1100‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫‪111~ 10(10 18 001‬‬ ‫‪(~~1.11(~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 1~81111‬‬ ‫‪~01111111.11(11100 ~1(~1.111.‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪3-3‬‬ ‫‪69‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪(..‬‬ ‫‪~,,,‬‬

‫‪1/.‬‬ ‫‪0,,,‬‬

‫)‪(8‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪~,,,‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪+01‬‬
‫)‪~~~(1‬‬
‫‪1/.‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪0,,,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪..)~0..‬‬ ‫‪3-17‬‬ ‫‪1.-1(1~-510~ ~01111111.1131~0 ~1(-‬‬
‫‪~011.‬‬

‫~‪111~ 11100~10( ~ ~3((1~5 111~ 1030 ~0((~111 1,,, 3110 111~ ~()01.,,,31~111 ~1(~011 01.1(111‬‬
‫‪111~ ~011111101311011~~(100 15 5110~11111 ~1~. 3-18.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~3~3~110( ~0((~11115 ~)(~(~55~0‬‬
‫‪(1(0111 ~~~~1101)( 0) 35‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫‪~().‬‬ ‫)‪(3-17‬‬
‫‪115‬‬ ‫~ =‬
‫‪~/‬‬
‫)~ ‪~( +‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫(~ ‪/‬‬

‫‪~01101110115/ (( = 0) = 1,,, 3110 1)0 (( = 0) = - 2115. 111~ 5011.111011‬‬

‫‪~111111111131‬‬
‫(‪~1.,,,~5 111~ ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111‬‬
‫‪01‬‬
‫~~‪3110 .,,,0113‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1)0‬‬
‫((‬

‫‪35‬‬
‫)‪= 0‬‬ ‫)‪(3-17‬‬

‫‪.(,) = 1~ 005 ..~, + 3~.‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪5.0‬‬ ‫‪..~,‬‬ ‫)‪(3-18‬‬

‫)‪(3-19‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪...~11..~ 3-18 ~()01~31~(1( ~1(~01( 00(1(1‬‬

‫‪~01111110(3(10(1~~(100.‬‬

‫‪70‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0),,,‬‬ ‫~‪= 1/‬‬

‫‪10.~ ~1(~01110(0-01111(0~,‬‬ ‫‪(,,, 15 001310~0 1(0(0 10.~ ~00011100‬‬ ‫((‪11(.‬‬ ‫‪= (,,) = 0 01 8().‬‬
‫‪(3-19) 300 501~~0 311~( 51(0~1111~31100 35‬‬

‫= ‪(,,‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪(130-1‬‬ ‫‪3~ -‬‬ ‫‪510-1‬‬ ‫‪~+‬‬ ‫)‪(3-20‬‬

‫‪9~2‬‬ ‫)‪1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫) ‪(3-21‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪10.~ ~0000~1100‬‬ ‫(‪11(0~ 0110.)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪12, ~0.1~0. ~30 0~ 10000‬‬ ‫‪1(0(0‬‬ ‫‪10.~ ~00011100‬‬ ‫(( ‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪= 0 018(). (3-18),‬‬
‫‪-1‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬ ‫~ =‬ ‫‪130-1 -‬‬ ‫)‪(3-22‬‬
‫~‪3‬‬

‫(~‪000‬‬ ‫‪00-1030‬‬ ‫‪~0001110115, 1,,, = 0 300 ~ 15 1011011~. (,, 0~~0(0~5‬‬

‫~ = ‪(,,‬‬ ‫)‪(70 - 510-11‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 1.231‬‬

‫)‪(3-23‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(( ()‪,/‬‬

‫‪~0113~~.‬‬
‫‪1-/0(~.‬‬
‫=‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬

‫‪10‬‬
‫‪111,,,‬‬
‫=‬
‫=‬
‫= ‪110‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬

‫‪03110‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪70‬‬

‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪411, 300‬‬
‫~‪11(011 10.~ 0~~(~0.3(~10‬‬
‫~‬
‫=‬ ‫‪70~,‬‬ ‫‪10.~ ~3~3~110( ~0113~~ 10 8(). (3-19) 0~~0(0~5‬‬
‫‪111~(~ ~111 0~ ~001100005‬‬
‫~‪0110.‬‬
‫(‪001100~ 0110.~ ~3~3~110‬‬
‫‪~3~3~110(,‬‬ ‫(‪10.~ 1000~10‬‬ ‫‪1-- 15 00((0311)1‬‬
‫‪(~~13~~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 3 ~0~(~)1‬‬ ‫(~‪(~~0~~()11(30510((0‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪35 50.0~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~. 3-170.‬‬

‫‪10.~ 0~51~0 01 ~0(0(00131100‬‬ ‫~ (‪~1(~0115 (~()01(~5 0~1~((01010~ 111~ ~310~5 01 ~3~3~110‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪300 1000~10( 1--. ~0( 10.~ 1(0~015~ ~0(0(00131100‬‬ ‫‪~1(~011 10 ~1~. 3-6, 10.~ ~310~ 01‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫(‪~3~3~110( ~ 15 ~31~0131~0 1(0(0 8(). (3-8) 300 10.~ (~~~(53111100~10‬‬ ‫‪1--~15 0~1~((010~0‬‬
‫‪1(0(0 10.~ ~~3/( ~~((0155101~ (~~~(531 ~0((~111 01 8(). (3-5).‬‬ ‫‪~0( 10.~ ~1(~011 10 ~1~.‬‬
‫~‪3-8, 10.~ 10(0-011-11(0‬‬ ‫‪(~()01(~(0~01‬‬ ‫‪(,, 018().‬‬ ‫(~‪(3-9) ~311 0~ 5311511~0 0)1 ~0.00510~ ~110.‬‬
‫‪~0(1--1.‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪10.~ (~500301‬‬ ‫‪~015~ ~0(0(00131100‬‬ ‫‪~1(~01110 ~1~. 3-12,‬‬ ‫‪10.~ ~310~5 011-- 300‬‬
‫‪~ ~30 0~ ~31~0131~01(0(0‬‬ ‫‪8()5. (3-15) 300 (3-16).‬‬ ‫)‪10 8()5. (3-14‬‬ ‫)‪3110 (3-15‬‬ ‫‪110300‬‬
‫‪111 3150 0~~~00 00 1-- 300 ~ 35 10 8(). (3-17).‬‬

‫‪58~. 3-4‬‬ ‫‪71‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~)(301())~ 3-7‬‬
‫‪~0( 111~~1(~1111111‬‬ ‫(‪~1~. 3-6, 0~1~(01111~111~~3111~801 ~3))3~110( ~ 3110 (~~~(8111~ 111011~10‬‬
‫‪1-, 11111~ 811))))1~~0113~~, ~5 = 200 ~, 1030 ~11((~111,/,,, = 100 ~, 111~111(11-0111101~,‬‬
‫‪(~ = 20 ~8, 3110 111~))~3/( (~~~(831 ~11((~11118110111~010 140% 01 /~,.‬‬
‫‪)( 20/200‬‬
‫‪50)111100 ~0 = ~5 = 200~.‬‬ ‫‪~(001 8(). (3-8), ~ = 100‬‬ ‫‪= 10 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪~(001‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪8().‬‬ ‫‪(3-5),‬‬ ‫‪111~ ))~3/( (~80113111 ~11((~11118 1.4‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫= ‪= 140 = 200 -/10/1-, 31101-,‬‬
‫‪20.4 ~1-1.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~))(‪~)(301‬‬ ‫‪3-8‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~80113111 ~00101111311011 ~1(~1111111 ~1~. 3-13,‬‬ ‫‪0~1~(01111~ 111~ 0))11011101 ~3111~8 01‬‬
‫‪~ 3110 1- 80 11131 111~ 011111011101 ~11~(~~ 1088~8 ~01110‬‬ ‫‪0~~11( 011(111~ 111~ ~00101111311011‬‬
‫‪))~(100 11/,,, = 350~,‬‬ ‫‪~0 = 200~,‬‬ ‫‪3110 /~ = 20 ~8.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪50)111100‬‬ ‫‪51108111111111~8().‬‬ ‫)‪(3-16‬‬ ‫‪11110 8().‬‬ ‫‪(3-13),‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 1101~ (~()111(~0 10( 111~ ~3))3~110‬‬
‫~‪~11((~111 10 (18~ 10 111~ 1~~~1 01 ))~3/( 1030 ~11((~111 /,,, 18 ~1~~11 0‬‬

‫= ‪(1‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪8111~1‬‬ ‫~‬

‫~‬

‫= ‪~11~(~ ~ = /,//,,,‬‬ ‫‪(~0//,,,) -/01-.‬‬ ‫~‪~(001 ~1~. 3-130, 111~3~311301~(~~~(8~ 0138 1101‬‬
‫‪0( 111(11-0111101~ 18‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫~(‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪2(1‬‬ ‫~ =‬ ‫(‬‫‪70 -‬‬ ‫‪2 8111-‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫)~‬
‫)‪(3-25‬‬

‫~‪/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~)‪~0‬‬ ‫)‪(3-26‬‬

‫‪1..~1‬‬ ‫~‪118 0~1111‬‬ ‫‪3 11111~11011‬‬ ‫)~( ‪~1‬‬ ‫‪811~1111131‬‬

‫)‪(3-27‬‬

‫~‪~ = 0.5~~6 = 0.51-/‬‬ ‫)‪(3-28‬‬

‫‪51108111111111~111~ ~3111~ 01 /~ 1(001 8().‬‬ ‫‪(3-26),‬‬ ‫‪~1~~8 118‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫~ ‪~ = 0.5‬‬ ‫~‪~0/‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪51108111111111~111~ ~3111~ 01‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪1(001 8().‬‬ ‫‪(3-27),‬‬ ‫~~‪~~ 113‬‬

‫)‪(3-29‬‬

‫)‪(3-30‬‬

‫‪72‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪11 (0111 0~ 50.0~11‬‬ ‫(‪1110110.~1110111(0111~ 0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪~1011111‬‬ ‫)~(‪~2‬‬ ‫)~(‪01~0111151 ~ 10.011 ~2‬‬ ‫‪15 11111111111.1111‬‬
‫‪~0.~11‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1.5.‬‬ ‫‪10101~ 3-1 50.0~5‬‬ ‫)~(‪10.~ ~0111.1~501 ~2‬‬ ‫(‪01~0111151~. ~0‬‬ ‫= ~‬ ‫‪1.5,‬‬ ‫~‪10101‬‬
‫‪3-1 ~1~~5 ~1(~) = 1.68214 01110~2(~) = 0.44586.‬‬

‫)()(‪~~8~~ 3-, 102‬‬

‫() ~‪~()~~~5‬‬

‫)~(‪~~2‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪0.5122202‬‬
‫‪1.3‬‬ ‫‪0.4688672‬‬
‫‪1.4‬‬ ‫‪0.4515002‬‬
‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪0.4458613‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫‪0.4465956‬‬
‫‪1.7‬‬ ‫‪0.4512053‬‬
‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪0.4583579‬‬

‫~‪51.1051111.11111‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫)‪= 1.5 111~().5. (3-25‬‬ ‫‪01110 (3-16),‬‬ ‫‪~~ 00101111‬‬

‫~(‬ ‫‪= 1.682‬‬ ‫~‬

‫= ‪1.5‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬
‫~~‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪501~111~ 10.~5~, 10.~ 0~111111.1111‬‬
‫~(‪~0111.1~501 1- 01110 ~ 01‬‬

‫‪1-‬‬
‫‪/,,,‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪= 0 . 398 /,,,‬‬
‫‪( 1/‬‬
‫)‪(3-31‬‬

‫(‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪~ = 0.8917‬‬ ‫)‪(3-32‬‬
‫~~‬
‫‪~0( /,,, = 350~,‬‬ ‫‪~0 = 200~,‬‬ ‫‪01110(4 = 20 ~5,‬‬

‫‪)( 20 )( 200‬‬
‫‪1- = 0.398‬‬
‫‪350 = 4.6 ~1-1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~ = 0.8917‬‬ ‫()‬

‫‪20‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪_350‬‬
‫~~ ‪200 = 31.2‬‬
‫‪1-/0(~.‬‬ ‫~‪01.1~ 10 10~ ~(~~~0~~1111‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪3~(055 10~ 1030 35 500~11111 ~1~5. 3-123‬‬
‫‪3110 3.133, 10~ ~3~3~110( ~111 ~~1 0~~(~03(~~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 10~ ~11~(~~ 510(~0 11111101.1~10( 1...‬‬
‫‪10~ ~3~3~110( ~0113~~ ~0 (= ~~), ~01~0 ~111 0~~~110 011 10~ ~311.1~50~ 1.. 3110 ~, ~311‬‬
‫‪0~ 0~1~((11111~0 ~(0(11 ~(). (3-7).‬‬ ‫~‪111 1015 ~35~, ~()5. (3-31) 3110 (3-32) 5001.110 0‬‬
‫‪501~~0 ~0( 10~ ~311.1~5 0~ 1.. 3110 ~.‬‬

‫‪73‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪~)(301()1‬‬ ‫‪3-9‬‬

‫‪~ 0100~ 15 ~01111~~1~0 3~(055 111~ 0011101 35 5110~11 111~1~. 3-123 3110 111~ ~3113~110( ~~15‬‬
‫‪0~~(~113(~~0‬‬ ‫‪00~ 10 111~ ~11~(~~ 510(~0 11111100~10( 1-. 1)~1~((11111~ 111~ ~310~5 011- 3110‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪3(~~ 11, = 200 ,, 1,,, = 350 ~, (~ = 20 ~5, 3110~ = 1.5.‬‬
‫‪111~113(11~013(5‬‬
‫‪501(1~100‬‬ ‫‪500511~01111~ ~(). (3-7) 111~0~(). (3-16),‬‬ ‫)‪~ = (11)1,,,‬‬ ‫‪--.,,/01-‬‬ ‫‪+ 1.‬‬ ‫~‪500511101111‬‬
‫‪~()5. (3-7), (3-13),‬‬ ‫‪3110 (3-14),‬‬ ‫‪11110 ~(). (3-15),‬‬

‫~(‬
‫‪= (~,,,~ +‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~05‬‬ ‫)~‪(5111-1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‬

‫‪111~ ~310~5‬‬ ‫‪01 ~ 3110 1- ~311 0~ 100110 1(0(11 111~5~ 1~0‬‬ ‫‪~()03110115.‬‬ ‫~(‪111~ (~50115 3‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫‪= 20.4 ~1-1 3110 ~ = 15.65 ~~.‬‬
‫‪~)(301()1~ 3-10‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~~11~31 ~)(3(11111~ 3-9 10( 111~ ~1(~011111 ~1~. 3-13.‬‬

‫~ = ~( ‪501(1~100 ~(0(11 ~(). (3-25),‬‬ ‫‪(70- 2 5111-1(1/~)). ~(0(11~()5. (3-7) 3110(3-‬‬

‫‪16), ~ = (11)1,,,) --.,,/01- + 1. 111~ ~310~5 011- 3110 ~ 3(~ 100110 35 ~ = 10.4 ~~ 3110‬‬
‫‪1- = 13.59 ~1-1.‬‬

‫~‪1110‬‬ ‫~‪8~11~010‬‬ ‫‪1..~~0~0~1~8‬‬ ‫~‪3..~ 0~10‬‬ ‫‪1 ~1-12,‬‬ ‫‪10~ 10)1..1810..‬‬ ‫‪~01111110131100‬‬ ‫‪11111~ ~30‬‬
‫‪0~ ~00810~..~0‬‬ ‫‪800..1 ~0111.,3..~0 ~110 10~ 8~11~010~ .,~..100.‬‬ ‫~‪~11001.1~0 10~ .,~3‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪~0 ~0110..00~010‬‬ ‫‪~3.,3~110.. 18 01~0, 10~ 3~~..3~~ ~0 ~01 ~0010 0~ ..~1311~~1)110~.‬‬
‫‪1110~ 8~11~010~ 1..~~0~0~1~8 3..~ 300~~ 5 ~1-12, 10~ ~3.,3~110.. ~3 1~8 10.. 3 81~0111~301‬‬
‫‪.,3..1 01 10~ 8~11~010~ .,~..100 300 10~ ~3.,3~110.. 111081 10~..~10..~ 0~ ~008~0 10.. 3‬‬
‫‪~001100008‬‬ ‫‪~0 ~01 ..3110~.‬‬
‫‪10 8~1~~110~ 3 ~01111110131100 ~3.,3~110.., 10~ 8.,~~111~311008 01 .,~3~,‬‬ ‫‪..1118, 300‬‬
‫~‪3~~..3~~ ~0 ~01 300 .,~3~-10-.,~3‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~ 111081 0~ 8311811~0.‬‬

‫~‪~~ 03~~ 8~~0 10 1018 ~03.,1~.. 1031 3 ~0000~110‬‬ ‫‪10)1..1810.. ~30 0~ 10..0~0 011 0)1 3‬‬
‫‪0310..31 0..10..~~0 ~01111110131100. 10 10~ 0310..31 ~01111110131100, 10~ 10)1..1810.. ~0 ~01‬‬
‫‪18 ..~00~~0 10 2~..0 00~ 10 10~ 0310..31 ~03..3~1~..1811~8 0110~ 10.,01 ~0113~~.‬‬ ‫~‪10 10‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪10..~~0 ~01111110131100, 10~ 10)1..1810.. ~0 ~01 18 ..~00~~0 10 2~..0 0)1 30 3001110031‬‬
‫‪~1..~011..)1~311~0 3 ~01111110131100 ~1..~011, 300 10~ 10..0-011.,..0~~88‬‬ ‫‪0~.,~008 00 10~ 1030‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~0 ~01.‬‬ ‫‪10 ~03..301~~ 10~ 10..0-011 01 3 10)1..1810.., 10~ ~1..~011 (0.. 3~311301~) 10..0-‬‬
‫‪011111081 0~ ~..~31~.. 1030 10~ 10..0-01111111~ 013 10)1..1810.., ~01~018 00..111311)18.,~~111~0‬‬
‫‪0)110~ 10)1..1810.. 11130013~10..~...‬‬

‫‪1. ~.‬‬ ‫‪1-1. ~351110, ..~0(11(110131101111(11115 010~ ~1101111~(0110011101 ~0113~~ ~0111(01.,,‬‬ ‫~‪~/~~(,.0/11‬‬
‫‪~/181/1~~,.1/18,‬‬ ‫‪,01. 51, ~0.‬‬ ‫‪620 (~11..11) 1979,‬‬ ‫‪1111. 103-105.‬‬

‫‪74‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪2. ~. 1-1. ~1150.10, ~ 10.~(1510( ~0.0))))~( ~110. 11111111111111111111115‬‬
‫~‪011 ..,01111~~ ~0111(01010‬‬ ‫‪0(1..,~5.,,‬‬
‫‪111(~,11(1(1011(1/10/)111(1/ 0/ ~/~~(,0111~5, ~01. 53, ~0. 1 (1111~) 1982, )))).71-89.‬‬
‫‪3. ~. ~~~11((~,‬‬ ‫(‪..10.~(1510‬‬ ‫‪~01111111111111011‬‬
‫‪111 0~ ~0.0))))~(-11‬‬ ‫‪~0111))11(1111..,~51110~.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪1‬‬
‫‪111()/-/5(,)1.4()()/1~(1(10115 50(/~1)1 ~011/~,~11~~ ~~~0,(),‬‬ ‫(~‪0~100‬‬ ‫‪2-6,‬‬ ‫‪1977, )))). 385-397.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪3-1.‬‬ ‫‪~0.111‬‬ ‫‪11(~ 10.~ 1~0‬‬ ‫‪~~11~(1111~))~5‬‬ ‫‪01 ~011111111111110117‬‬

‫‪3-2.‬‬ ‫~(‪~0.11111‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 1~))~5‬‬ ‫‪0110(~~0‬‬ ‫‪~011111111111110117‬‬

‫‪3-3.‬‬ ‫‪~0.11115‬‬ ‫~~‪10.~ 0111~(~11‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪5~11- 11110 1111111(111~011111111111110117‬‬

‫‪3-4.‬‬ ‫‪~0.11115‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ ))(111~1))1‬‬ ‫‪015~11-~011111111111110117‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪3-5.‬‬ ‫‪~0.11115‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ ))(111~1))1‬‬ ‫~‪011111))1115‬‬ ‫‪~011111111111110117‬‬

‫‪3-6.‬‬ ‫‪~0.111‬‬ ‫~‪15 10.~ ))(111~1))1‬‬ ‫‪01 (~501111111 ))1115~ ~011111111111110117‬‬

‫‪3-7.‬‬ ‫‪~0.11115‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ ))(111~1))1‬‬ ‫~(‪01 ~0111))1~111~11111‬‬ ‫‪~011111111111110117‬‬

‫‪3-8.‬‬ ‫‪~0.111‬‬ ‫~‪15 10.~ ))(111~1))1‬‬ ‫‪01 ~)(1~(11111 ))1115~ ~011111111111110117‬‬

‫‪3-9.‬‬ ‫~(‪~0.11111‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 0111~(~11~~5‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫~‪10110-510‬‬ ‫~‪11110 1111~-510‬‬ ‫‪~011111111111110117‬‬

‫‪3-10.‬‬ ‫~(‪~0.11111‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 0111~(~11~~5‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫~~‪..,01111‬‬ ‫‪11110 ~11((~111‬‬ ‫‪~011111111111110117‬‬

‫‪3-11.‬‬ ‫‪~0.111‬‬ ‫‪11(~ 10.~ ))11())05~5‬‬ ‫‪0111‬‬ ‫‪~01111111111111011 ~1(~11117‬‬

‫‪3-12.‬‬ ‫~‪~0.‬‬ ‫‪80.01110‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫~‪11..,11111101~ (~..,~(8‬‬ ‫~‪01118 11111~ 0‬‬ ‫(~‪~(~111‬‬ ‫~‪10.1111 10.‬‬ ‫~‪111(11-01111111‬‬ ‫‪0111‬‬
‫‪10.~(1810(7‬‬

‫‪3-13.‬‬ ‫‪~0.11118‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ ))11())08‬‬ ‫~‪01 ~01111~~1111‬‬ ‫~‪1111111111))11(1111~1 0100‬‬ ‫‪11~(088‬‬ ‫(‪10.~ 1111111110.~(1810‬‬ ‫‪~110.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪3-14.‬‬

‫‪3-15.‬‬
‫‪0( ~110.0111 11 5~(1~8 111011~10(7‬‬

‫‪~0.111‬‬
‫‪10.111 ~01110‬‬

‫~(‪~0.11111‬‬
‫(‪18 10.~ (11110 01 ))~11/‬‬ ‫‪(~801111111‬‬
‫‪111111111112~ 10.~ ~01111111111111011 1088~87‬‬

‫(‪10.~ ~)())(~581011510‬‬
‫‪111 11 (~801111111 ))1118~ ~011111111111110117‬‬
‫‪10 10110 ~11((~111‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪(~501111111‬‬ ‫‪))1115~ ~01111111111111011‬‬

‫(‪10.~ 0))1111111111 ..,11111~ 01 ~01111111111111011 ~11))11~110( 11110111011~10‬‬

‫‪3-16.‬‬ ‫~‪~0.‬‬ ‫‪00~5‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫(‪~01111111111111011 ~11))11~110‬‬ ‫‪111 11 (~801111111‬‬ ‫~‪))1115‬‬ ‫‪~01111111111111011 ~~1‬‬ ‫‪0..,~(-‬‬
‫‪~0.11(~~0‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪3-17.‬‬ ‫~‪1-10‬‬ ‫~~‪15 10.~ ..,01111‬‬ ‫~‪0110.‬‬ ‫(‪~01111111111111011 ~11))11~110‬‬ ‫‪(~..,~(8~0‬‬ ‫‪111 11 ~01111111111111011 ~1(~11117‬‬

‫‪3-18.‬‬ ‫‪~0.111‬‬ ‫~))~‪1‬‬ ‫(‪01 ~11))11~110‬‬ ‫‪18 110(1111111~ 118~0‬‬ ‫~‪111 0.1~0. 5~11~0.111‬‬ ‫‪1(~~11~11~1~87‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪3-1.‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪3-311,‬‬ ‫(‪10.~ 111111111~11))11~110‬‬ ‫‪..,01111~~,‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫~ ‪~11))11~111111~~,‬‬ ‫‪= 40‬‬ ‫‪, ~,‬‬ ‫‪11110‬‬
‫= ‪111011~11111~~,1-‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪1-1.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~(111111‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫(‪))~11/‬‬ ‫‪..,11111~ 01‬‬ ‫‪(~801111111‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫~‪11110 10.‬‬
‫‪~011011~11011‬‬ ‫(‪11111~ 0110.~(1510‬‬ ‫‪11.‬‬

‫‪3-2.‬‬ ‫‪~~))~111‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪3-1‬‬ ‫~‪1110.‬‬ ‫(‪111011~10‬‬ ‫‪111 10.~ (~801111111‬‬ ‫‪(~..,~(8111‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111 0.118 11 (~81511111~~,‬‬ ‫~‬

‫=‬ ‫‪0.015‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫~‪(11111(.. 0~1~(111111‬‬ ‫‪10.~ (0018‬‬ ‫‪0111‬‬ ‫(~‪8~~0110-0(0‬‬ ‫‪8~81~111‬‬ ‫~‪11110 10.~11 1/110 10.‬‬
‫‪5011111011.‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪3-3. 10.~ ~1(~1111111‬‬
‫‪~1~. 3-4 0.118~,‬‬ ‫‪600 ~, ~0 = 0 ~, 1- = 20‬‬ ‫‪,1-1,~ = 50 ,~, 111101,,,‬‬
‫‪75‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪= 350~.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~(11110.~ (8) 111~ ~~3‬‬ ‫(‪~3~3~110‬‬ ‫~‪~01138‬‬ ‫‪30.0 ~11((~0.1~ 30.0 (~) 111~ ~00.-‬‬
‫‪011~1100. 11111~0(111)1(1510( 11.‬‬
‫‪3-4.‬‬ ‫‪10. 111~ ~011111111131100.~1(~111110. ~18. 3-6, ~3~3~1130.~~, ~ = 20 ,..,..~, 10.~111 ~01138~, ~5,‬‬
‫‪~3(1~5 ~~1~~~0. 180 30.0 220 ,,, 30.0 1030 ~11((~111, 1,,,, ~3(1~5 ~~1~~~11 50 3110 200 ~.‬‬
‫‪0~1~(11110.~ 111~ 11110.111111111‬‬
‫‪30.0 1113)(111111111‬‬
‫‪~3111~5 01 3~3113~1~ 111(11-01111111~, (~.‬‬
‫‪3-5.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~1(~111110. ~18. 3-6, 0~1~(11110.~ 111~ ~3111~5 01 ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪~ 30.0 (~~~(510.8‬‬ ‫(‪10.011~10‬‬
‫‪,,, 1030 ~11((~0.1, /,,,‬‬
‫‪1., 11 111~ 811~~1)1 ~01138~,‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪= 220‬‬ ‫‪= 150 ~,‬‬ ‫‪111(0.-011 11111~,‬‬
‫= ~(‬ ‫‪15 ,..,..5,30.0 111~ (~~~(531‬‬
‫‪~11((~0.118 1111111~010 150% 01/,,,.‬‬
‫~ ‪,,,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪3-6.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1(~111110. ~18. 3.8 1135 ~5 = 220‬‬ ‫‪= 20 ,..,..~, 30.0/,,,‬‬ ‫‪= 150~.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~(11110.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~3111~ 01 (~~113(810.8 10.011~130.~~, 1.1, ~111~11 ~111 ~(0~10~ 111(0.-01111111~, (~ = 15 ,..,..5.‬‬
‫‪3-7.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1(~111110. ~18. 3-8,‬‬ ‫‪0~1~(11110.~ 111~ ~3111~5 011.1 30.0~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 511~~1)1 ~01138~,‬‬
‫= ‪~5‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪,,,‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪~11((~0.1,‬‬ ‫‪/,,,‬‬ ‫‪350~,‬‬ ‫‪111(0.-01111111~,‬‬ ‫~(‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪20,..,..5,‬‬ ‫‪30.0‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~~3~ ~11((~0.1‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪111(011811 0100~ 1)1 15 1111111~010 2.5 11111~5/,,,.‬‬
‫‪,,,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪3-8.‬‬ ‫‪~0( 111~ 1111~1115~~011111111131100.~1(~1111 10. ~18. 3-9, 111~ 511~~1)1 ~01138~, ~5 = 220‬‬
‫‪~3~3~1130.~~,‬‬ ‫‪~ = 20 ,..,..~, 30.0 1030 ~11((~0.1, ~ = 10 0.‬‬ ‫‪0~1~(11110.~ 111~ 111(0.-01111111~,‬‬
‫‪(~.‬‬
‫‪3-9.‬‬ ‫‪10. 111~ (~500.30.1 ~1115~ ~1(~111110. ~18. 3-123, 511~~1)1 ~01138~, ~5 = 200 ,,, 1030 ~11((~0.1,‬‬
‫‪/,,, = 150~,‬‬ ‫~ ‪~011111111131100.10.011~130.~~, 1. = 4 ,..,..11,30.0 ~011111111131100.~3~3~1130.~~,‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪,..,..~.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~(11110.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~~3~ (~500.30.1 (~~~(510.8 ~11((~0.101111)1(1510‬‬ ‫~‪13, /~, 30.0 111‬‬
‫‪111(0.-01111111~, (~.‬‬
‫‪3-10.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(0~.‬‬ ‫~‪3-9 11 30. 30.11~3(311~1 0100‬‬ ‫‪15 ~00.0.~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪3~(055‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1510( 11 35 5110~0. 10.‬‬
‫‪~18. 3-133.‬‬
‫‪3-11.‬‬ ‫‪11 3 0100~ 15 ~00.0.~~1~0 3~(055 111)1(1510( 11 10. ~18. 3-123 30.0 111~ ~3~3~110( 8~15 0~~(-‬‬
‫‪~113(8~0, 0~1~(11110.~ 111~ ~3111~5 011. 30.0~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 511~~1)1 ~01138~, ~5 = 200 ,,, 1030‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪3-12.‬‬
‫‪3-13.‬‬
‫‪~11((~0.1, /,,, = 350 ~, 111(0.-01111111~, (~ = 20 ,..,..5,30.0 111~ (3110 01 ~~3~ (~500.30.1 10‬‬
‫= ~ ‪1030 ~11((~0.1,‬‬
‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫(‪~(0~. 3-1110‬‬
‫‪1.5.‬‬

‫~( ‪,,, 30.0 111(0.-01111111~,‬‬

‫‪111~ ~1(~111110. ~18. 3-133.‬‬
‫‪10. 111~ ~1(~111110. ~18. 3-133, 1030 ~11((~0.1, /,,, = 200 ~, ~3~3~110( ~01138~, ~() = 220‬‬
‫‪= 15 ,..,..8. 0~1~(11110.~ 111~ 0~1111111111~3111~5 01 ~ 30.01. 80 11131‬‬
‫‪111~ 11110.111111111‬‬
‫‪~0.~(8)11055~5‬‬ ‫‪~01110 0~~11( 011(10.8 111~ ~011111111131100.~~(100.‬‬
‫‪3-14.‬‬ ‫‪10. 111~ ~1(~111110. ~18. 3-18, 111~ 511~~1)1 ~01138~, ~5 = 220 ,,, ~3~3~1130.~~.‬‬ ‫‪~ = 30 ,..,..~,‬‬
‫‪~011111111131100.10.011~130.~~, 1. = 10 ,..,..11, 30.0 1030 ~11((~0.1. /,,, = 100~.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~(11110.‬‬
‫‪111~ 111(0.-01111111~, (~, 01111~ ~1(~1111.‬‬
‫‪3-15.‬‬ ‫‪~)(~1310. 111~ 0~~(31100.‬‬ ‫‪01111~ ~1(~111110. ~18. 3-173‬‬ ‫‪30.0 10~0.111)1111~ 1)1~~8 01 ~011111111131100.‬‬
‫‪10.~01~~0 10. 11115~1(~1111.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪76‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪001)1.‬‬
‫‪1051~30‬‬
‫~~‪113‬‬

‫‪111~ 0~13)1‬‬
‫~‪3))))1)110‬‬
‫‪300‬‬
‫~‪01111‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫~‪10 ~35‬‬
‫‪5~~0‬‬

‫‪01 0100~5.‬‬
‫(‪0‬‬

‫(~‪(~~1111‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(~‪10 ~113))1‬‬
‫‪001310‬‬

‫~‪11(10‬‬
‫‪~001(011~0‬‬

‫~‪30~1‬‬
‫~‪2 11131 0100‬‬
‫‪0111))111 ~0113~~5,‬‬
‫~~‪111~ 0111))111 ~0113‬‬
‫‪01111)1(1510(5.‬‬
‫‪3 5110(1 ))1115~ 10 115 ~31~ 300‬‬
‫~~‪01 3 111~111)110011~11‬‬
‫~‪011(10‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 0~~311‬‬
‫‪1030,‬‬
‫‪111(0~0‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪(~~1111~(5‬‬

‫(‪01111)1(1510‬‬
‫~‪))(0~10‬‬
‫~‪))1135‬‬
‫‪(~~1111~(5‬‬
‫‪~001(01‬‬

‫(‪))1135~-~001(01111)1(1510‬‬
‫‪3 11)(~0‬‬ ‫~~‪0111))111 ~0113‬‬
‫‪111)1(1510(5‬‬
‫‪15 ~3(1~0‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬
‫~‪0)1 ~001(01110‬‬
‫‪15 111(0~0‬‬
‫~ ‪011 011~ 10 11(1(/17(1/ 07 //11~ ~0111111/1((1(/011‬‬
‫~‪11 15 111(0~0 011 0)111(10‬‬
‫‪11311-~)1~1~ 0110))111‬‬
‫(~‪300111‬‬
‫‪~0113~~.‬‬
‫(‪111)1(1510‬‬
‫‪00‬‬
‫‪115~0‬‬

‫‪0)1‬‬

‫~‪111~5‬‬ ‫‪))1135~-~001(011~0‬‬ ‫‪(~~1111~(5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫~‪51(0))1‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~~~‪1~55 ~)())~051‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1-‬‬
‫‪11~1~0~)1 01111~5~ (~~1111~(5 3(~, 10 ~~0~(31,‬‬ ‫‪300~~ 95 %‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫~~‪510‬‬ ‫‪111~5~ (~~1111~(5‬‬ ‫‪~00~~(1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪1(0(0‬‬ ‫‪3~ 10 0~,‬‬ ‫‪111~5~ ~001(011~0‬‬ ‫‪(~~1111~(5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪3150‬‬ ‫‪~311~0‬‬ ‫~)(‪(1~-‬‬ ‫‪~0111)~7(~75‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪115~0 ~)(1~051~~1)1101001151(131‬‬ ‫‪3))))11~311005,‬‬ ‫‪~5))~~1311)110‬‬ ‫‪~3(1301~-5))~~0‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~5,‬‬ ‫‪(30~-‬‬

‫‪10~ 1(0(0‬‬ ‫(~~‪1(3~110031110(5~))0‬‬ ‫‪10 (0~~3~311‬‬ ‫(~~‪))0‬‬ ‫‪1~~~1.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪))1135~-~001(01‬‬ ‫‪~00~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~1355111~0‬‬ ‫‪1010‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫~‪1)1))~5 0~))~0010‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬
‫~‪111~ 10))111511))))1)1~ (1) 510~1~-))1135‬‬ ‫‪~00~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪(2) 111(~~-))1135‬‬ ‫‪~00~~(1~(5.‬‬ ‫‪83~11‬‬
‫‪1)1))~ ~30‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪511001~10~0‬‬ ‫‪1010‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬ ‫‪5~(01~00~~(1~(,‬‬ ‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪11111 ~00~~(1~(,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫)~(‬ ‫‪01131‬‬
‫‪~00~~(1~(.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪5~111/~0111)~7(~7‬‬ ‫‪15 3 00~-~1130(301‬‬ ‫(~‪~00~~(1‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪11 1135 00‬‬ ‫‪))013(11)1‬‬
‫~~‪01 0111))111 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01.‬‬ ‫‪~ //1//‬‬ ‫‪~0111)~7(~7‬‬ ‫‪15 3 1~0-~1130(301‬‬ ‫(~‪~00~~(1‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫‪111~ ))013(11)1‬‬ ‫‪01115‬‬ ‫~~‪0111))111 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫~~‪0~ ~1111~( ))05111‬‬ ‫‪0( 0~~311~~.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬

‫‪77‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫(~‪011011 ~00~~(1‬‬ ‫‪11(1800~ ~01(1(11~ 001~.‬‬ ‫‪~ (/(1(1/‬‬ ‫‪~0/111~,(~,‬‬ ‫‪~(10‬‬ ‫~‪0~~((11‬‬
‫(‪10 100‬‬ ‫~‪().0(10((1018‬‬ ‫~‪(100 00111111‬‬ ‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(100 ~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪~(10‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫(~‪~1111‬‬ ‫~~‪~08111‬‬
‫‪0( 0~~(111~~.‬‬ ‫~‪10 80(0‬‬ ‫‪(1~~11~(111008,‬‬ ‫‪~00~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ ~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10 8~(1~8‬‬ ‫~‪10 0~~((11‬‬
‫(~‪(11 111~11‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~8‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫~~‪10 1(0~(0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111~01‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1(1~10(.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪(0~11100‬‬ ‫(~‪01 ~00(1‬‬ ‫‪8~(1~8‬‬ ‫(‪81(011(1‬‬ ‫~‪10 111(11 01 0100‬‬ ‫‪(~~1111~(8‬‬ ‫~‪~(111 0‬‬ ‫‪(1~~11~0‬‬
‫~‪10 (111(11~2‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~~(10((0(111~~8‬‬ ‫‪01 ~11(18~-~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫‪~1111 ~1.‬‬ ‫‪10(108.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~-‬‬
‫‪~~~(,‬‬ ‫~‪10 81(0~111‬‬ ‫‪111~ (111(11~818,‬‬ ‫‪1118 (1880(0~0‬‬ ‫(~‪111 11118 ~11(1~1‬‬ ‫~‪111(11111‬‬ ‫‪10(10‬‬ ‫~~‪11100~1(10‬‬
‫~‪18 80111~1~1111‬‬ ‫‪111~11~ (1110 111~ 10(10‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111‬‬ ‫‪18 ~01111110008‬‬ ‫~‪(1110 11(18 11~~11~101‬‬ ‫‪(1~~1~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1.~1‬‬ ‫(~‪08 ~011810‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1(~011‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪4-1(1‬‬ ‫‪~1111‬‬ ‫~~‪(1 (~81811‬‬ ‫‪10(10.‬‬ ‫~‪00(10‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~08111‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪11(111-~~~1‬‬ ‫‪01111~01‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 111~(1810‬‬ ‫~‪(11100‬‬ ‫~~‪18 ~08111‬‬ ‫‪~1111 (~8~~~110‬‬ ‫~‪118 ~(111100‬‬
‫(‪(1110 111~ 111~(1810‬‬ ‫‪18 8(110 10 0~ /0,~(1,(/‬‬ ‫‪0/(15~(/.‬‬ ‫‪~11~11‬‬ ‫(‪111~(1810‬‬ ‫‪11 18 11(~0‬‬ ‫()‪(11 0‬‬ ‫=‬
‫(‪(1, 111~(1810‬‬ ‫‪11 ~01100~18‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10~01‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(1~~~(1(8‬‬ ‫‪(1~(088‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(10.‬‬ ‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪10~01‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪81(1(18‬‬ ‫~‪10 0‬‬ ‫~~‪11~~(111‬‬ ‫()‪(11 0‬‬ ‫(‪= 10, 111~ 111~(1810‬‬ ‫~‪(1000‬‬ ‫~~‪18 0~~(111‬‬ ‫‪~1111‬‬
‫‪(~8~~~110‬‬ ‫~‪118 ~(111100‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫(‪111~(1810‬‬ ‫~‪11 18 8(110 10 0~ ,~11~,5‬‬ ‫~‪0/(15~(/‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪1118 10(0~0‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪,,,.,‬‬
‫‪,,‬‬
‫‪~+‬‬ ‫~‪-‬‬ ‫‪~,,,‬‬
‫‪.,‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬

‫~)‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~1-‬‬ ‫‪~..,..,‬‬

‫)‪(8‬‬ ‫(~‪~~~~(1‬‬
‫‪1=/‬‬

‫‪1~0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪~~,,0‬‬
‫~‪~~,,,-‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫(‪,,,‬‬

‫(‪,,,‬‬
‫‪,,0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪2..‬‬
‫‪~00‬‬ ‫‪~~~0‬‬

‫‪~/‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~00‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫(‪,,,‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫(‪(~) 0(18~~80‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬

‫(‪,,,‬‬

‫‪78‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪011.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪11111~ (111~( 10~ 111()1.11~011(1‬‬ ‫~~‪51(1(15 10 ~0 ()05111‬‬ ‫(‪1.11111110~ 10)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪15 11(~0‬‬
‫()‪(11 0‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪~ 15 ~(111~0 10~ (/€/0)1 0,. 1/,./118 0118/€, ~.‬‬
‫‪~1~1.1(~ 4-10‬‬ ‫‪500~5‬‬ ‫‪10~ (~~1011‬‬ ‫(~‪01 ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪0()~((111011,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~0‬‬ ‫~~‪10~ 01.11()1.11~011(1‬‬
‫‪(1110 ~1.1((~111 0(1~~ 011~ ()01(1(11)1.‬‬ ‫~‪~1~1.1(~ 4-1‬‬ ‫‪500~5‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~(1~~10(1115‬‬ ‫‪10( 111()1.11~011(1~~,‬‬
‫‪01.11()1.11~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫~~‪10(10 ~1.1((~111, (1110 ~011(1‬‬
‫‪11.‬‬ ‫‪(1~(055‬‬ ‫(~‪10/5 ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪15 1101110(111(111)1‬‬
‫‪1.15~0 111 11101.151(1(11 (1()()11~(1110115 0~~(11.15~ 11 0(15 01~0‬‬ ‫~‪(1()()1~ ~0111~111 (1110 10~ (1()()1‬‬
‫‪1(~()1.1~11~)1.‬‬ ‫‪11/5‬‬ ‫‪15 10~ 1(~()1.1~11~)1 01111()1.11 51.1()()1)1, 10~ 10~~511(~()1.1~11~)1‬‬ ‫‪01 01.11()1.11‬‬
‫~‪(1()()1‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪1515.‬‬
‫‪11 ~ ,,, 15 10~ ()~(1~ 111()1.11~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫~~‪10~ (1~~((1‬‬ ‫~~‪01.11()1.11~011(1‬‬ ‫‪~(111 0~ 101.1110 1(0111‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~00‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1,,,70‬‬
‫()‪~,,, 51110‬‬ ‫)()‪(/(0‬‬
‫~~ =‬ ‫‪(-~05‬‬ ‫~)()‪0‬‬
‫~‪2‬‬ ‫)‪(4-1‬‬

‫‪= ~~ (1 +‬‬ ‫)~ ‪~08‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(1110 ~00 ~(111 0~ ~(1(1~0 1(0111 ~ ,,,/10 10 0 0)1 ~(1()1111~ ~ 1(0111 0 10 10.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪(1~~((1‬‬
‫~~‪01.11()1.11 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪0~~01118‬‬ ‫‪111(1)(11111.1111‬‬
‫‪~0~11‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪= 0 (111010~ 111(1)(11111.1111‬‬
‫‪~011(1~~, ~,,,,,, ~8‬‬

‫‪17‬‬
‫‪_ ~,,,‬‬
‫‪.-,,,,, -‬‬ ‫)‪(4-2‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫~‪~0(111(1112111‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪01.11()1.11~011(1‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫‪(~8()~~110‬‬ ‫‪~,,,,,,‬‬ ‫‪10~ 110(111(1112~0 ~011(1~~,‬‬

‫‪~,, = -~00 = 0.5 ( 1 +‬‬ ‫)~ ‪~08‬‬ ‫)‪(4-3‬‬

‫‪~,,,,,‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(1118‬‬ ‫~~‪01.11()1.11 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪18 ~1~~11‬‬ ‫‪0)1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~~1115‬‬ ‫= ) )‪= ( 2~1,,,70 ~~811120)((/(0)/‬‬
‫_‬
‫) )~‪= ~,,,(~( 10 ~ + 51~2‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫~~ (‬
‫‪1,,,70‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫_‬
‫)()‪(1 ~0520)()(/(0‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪1/2‬‬

‫)‪(4-4‬‬

‫~)))‪~,.3(1‬‬ ‫‪4-1‬‬

‫~‪1110‬‬ ‫(~‪~011~~(1‬‬ ‫~(‪01 ~1~0‬‬ ‫‪4-1(1 0(15 (1 ~1.1(~1)1 (~51511~~ 10(10 01 ~ (1110 10~ 0~1(1)1 (111~1~ 15‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‪= -../2, 0~1~(111111~ 10~ ((1) (~~1111~(111011 ~111~1~11~)1~(0) 10(111 1(1~10(, ~~~ (~) (1~~1‬‬
‫~~‪1(1~10(, ~~~ (0) 1((111510(111~( 011112(111011 1(1~10(, 10‬‬ ‫‪(1110 (~) ~~(1)( 111.,,~(5~ .,,011(1~~,‬‬
‫‪~1~,‬‬ ‫(‪0110)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪11.‬‬

‫‪80)01100‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~ ‪0~1(1)1 (111~1~,‬‬

‫‪= -../2.‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 ~().. (4-1), ~00 = 0.1592~,,,‬‬ ‫= ‪(1110 /00‬‬
‫‪0.1592~,,,/~.‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 ~().. (4-3),‬‬
‫‪~~ = 0.5 ~1.1. ~(0111 ~().. (4-4), ~,111, = 0.3536~,,,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(1110‬‬
‫‪1,111, = 0.3536~,,,/~.‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 ~().. (2-42),1100‬‬
‫~‪= ~00/00 = (0.1592~,,,)2/‬‬ ‫‪(1110 1(0111 ~()..‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(2-43),1130‬‬ ‫‪= ~,1115/,1115= (0.3536~,,,)2/~.‬‬

‫‪((1) ~(0111 ~().. (2-44) 10~ (~~1111~(111011 ~111~1~11~)1,‬‬

‫‪(0.1592~,,,)2‬‬
‫= ‪11‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪= 2027%‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪(0.3536~,,,)2‬‬
‫(‪(0) ~(0111 ~().. (2-46), 10~ 10(1111(1~10‬‬

‫‪0.3536~,,,‬‬
‫= ~~‬
‫‪0.1592~,,, = 2.221 0( 222.1 %‬‬

‫‪79‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(~) ~~0111~().. (2-48), 10~ ~1~~1~13~10~, ~~ = (2.2212 - 1)1/2 = 1.983 0~ 198.3%.‬‬

‫‪(0) 10~ ~1115~0113~~ 011~311510~111~~5~~01103~~, ~$ = ~ ~/0‬‬ ‫‪= 0.707~,~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫~~‪~1115~3111~ 0110~ 1~311510~111‬‬ ‫= ‪5~~01103~~ ~11~~~1111510~ 53111~35 1031 0110~ 1030, 1$‬‬
‫‪0.3536~ ~/~.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~011-3111~~~~~3611~ (~~) 0110~ 1~311510~111~~,‬‬ ‫~ ~‪~ ~ = ~), = 0.707‬‬
‫‪)( 0.3536~~/~.‬‬ ‫‪~~0111 ~().. (2-49),‬‬
‫‪0.15922‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪0.1014‬‬ ‫‪= 9.86‬‬
‫‪0.707‬‬
‫()‬
‫= ‪0.3536‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪(~) 10~ ~~3/( 111~~~5~~0113~~, .,1‬‬ ‫‪= ~~.‬‬

‫‪~0(~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ .,~~10(111311~~ 01111~ ~011~~~1~~ 15 0~~~30~0‬‬ ‫~~~‪31 111~ 10‬‬ ‫‪~311~~ 01‬‬
‫‪0~13)1 311~1~, ~.‬‬

‫~~‪.,08111‬‬
‫‪= ~,‬‬
‫~ ~‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~ ())(‬

‫~~‪11~~311‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪111~ ~1~~1.111 3((311~~~~111‬‬
‫‪3 111~111)1 11101.1~11~~ 1030.‬‬
‫‪11311-~)1~1~,‬‬
‫‪111~ 1030‬‬
‫‪10.‬‬

‫‪11 3110 /)2‬‬

‫~~‪11~~311‬‬
‫(‪111)1(1810‬‬
‫‪111~ 1030‬‬
‫‪1231‬‬

‫~~‪3110 ~1.1((~111113‬‬
‫‪~0113~~,‬‬

‫‪~0~~0(11)1‬‬
‫‪3~~~.,1301~.‬‬
‫~‪01.1(111‬‬
‫~‪3110 111~ 1(~~~11~~1111‬‬

‫~‪10 /),,,‬‬

‫‪18 ~01111~~1~0‬‬
‫‪~1~1.1(~ 4-20‬‬
‫~~‪.,08111‬‬
‫‪01.11.,1.11 ~0113~~,‬‬
‫(~‪11118 ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫(~‪1138 3 0~11‬‬
‫~‪01 3 8111~1~-.,1138‬‬

‫(‪111)1(1810‬‬
‫‪18 ~01111~~1~0‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬

‫‪111~ .,~(100‬‬
‫~‪0100‬‬
‫‪111~ ~01111111.111)101 ~1.1((~111 111 111~ 11101.1~11~~ 1030.‬‬
‫~‪1(0‬‬ ‫(‪3110 111)1(1810‬‬
‫‪11311-~)1~1~ 01111.,1.11 ~0113~~,‬‬
‫())(‬

‫‪1.18~0 111 3.,.,11~3110118‬‬

‫‪1030‬‬
‫‪11 18 10(~3(0‬‬

‫~‪1(0‬‬
‫‪/),,,‬‬

‫‪111)1(1810( 12 18 10(~3(0‬‬
‫‪10 + ~ ~111 (~~~(8~ 0138 /),,,.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪8110~8‬‬
‫‪.,013(11)1.‬‬

‫(~~‪.,0‬‬
‫~ ‪10‬‬
‫(~‪8~~1~011~~(1‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111 18 3881.1~~0‬‬
‫‪0138~0.‬‬
‫‪10 111~ 111.,1.11 81.1.,.,1)1111(01.1~1111‬‬

‫‪1810(~3(0‬‬

‫~‪1) 3110 0100‬‬

‫‪0138~0,‬‬

‫~‪~1~1.1(~ 4-2‬‬

‫(‪13~10‬‬
‫‪1.1., 10‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫~ ())(‬

‫‪3110 11(111~ 01‬‬

‫‪111~ 0100~ /),,, 18 11.1(11~0011 3110‬‬
‫‪10 111~ 81.1.,.,1)1111(01.1~11‬‬
‫(~‪111~ (~~1011 01 ~011~~(1‬‬
‫‪12 3110 /)1.‬‬

‫‪8110~8‬‬
‫‪111.,1.11 ~1.1((~111, 3110 ~1.1((~1118 111(01.1~11 1),‬‬
‫‪~11~11‬‬

‫‪(10 +‬‬

‫‪0138~0.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪/)2‬‬

‫‪0.,~(311011,‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬
‫‪18 8110~11111‬‬

‫‪1030‬‬
‫‪~01111111.101.18.‬‬
‫(‪111)1(1810‬‬
‫‪3110‬‬
‫‪~),‬‬

‫‪/),,,‬‬
‫‪/)2‬‬

‫‪11.1(11~0 011.‬‬

‫~(~‪~11‬‬
‫‪111~ ~3~~10(~8‬‬

‫~‪01.1~ 10 111~ 1(~~~11~~1111‬‬

‫‪/(~,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪011~-~1.130(3111‬‬
‫‪~1~.‬‬

‫‪11 18 11(~0‬‬
‫~‪01.1(111‬‬

‫‪~01101.1~1810‬‬

‫‪12,‬‬
‫‪4-23‬‬
‫~‪01.1(111‬‬

‫‪111~ .,~(100‬‬
‫~~‪111~ 111.,1.11 ~0113‬‬

‫‪~1.1((~111 18 1(31181~((~0‬‬
‫‪~1111‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪31‬‬

‫~‪.,(0~10‬‬

‫~‪01.1(111~ 111‬‬

‫~~‪111~ 01.11.,1.11 ~0113‬‬

‫())(‬

‫‪10( 111~ 111.,1.11‬‬

‫‪/)1,‬‬
‫~‪0100‬‬
‫‪3110 /)2.‬‬

‫‪0.,~(311011‬‬
‫‪18‬‬

‫‪3110 18‬‬
‫‪18‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪3~~(3‬‬ ‫~~‪01.11.,1.11 ~0113‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0~ 101.1110 1(0‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪(70‬‬ ‫‪2~,,,‬‬

‫‪~00‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~,,,‬‬ ‫)())((‪8111 ())( (/‬‬ ‫‪(-‬‬ ‫‪~08‬‬
‫())(‬ ‫~)‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪210)0.‬‬ ‫‪210‬‬ ‫)‪(4-5‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~,,,‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪(1 +‬‬ ‫)~ ‪~08‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫~‪3110 ~00 ~311 0~ ~3(1~0 1(0~ 2~ ,,,/10 10 0 0)1 ~3()1111~ ~ 1(0~ 0 10 10. 111~ ~3)(1~1.1‬‬
‫‪3~~(3~~ 01.11.,1.11~0113~~ 18 ~11,,, = 2~ ,,,/10 3110 111~110(~3112~0 3~~(3~~ 01.11.,1.11‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬
‫‪18‬‬

‫‪0.5(1‬‬ ‫)~ ‪+ ~08‬‬ ‫)‪(4-6‬‬

‫‪80‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫‪,,‬‬
‫‪~0= (.‬‬
‫)‪+‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪,,0‬‬
‫(‪,.,‬‬
‫‪(..‬‬ ‫‪2,,‬‬
‫‪0,,,‬‬

‫‪~0,,,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~,1‬‬
‫‪,,0‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬

‫(‪,.,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~,2‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫(‪,.,‬‬

‫‪,,+(1‬‬ ‫‪2,,‬‬
‫‪~01‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫(‪,.,‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~02‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫(‪,.,‬‬
‫‪,,+(1‬‬ ‫‪2,,‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫(‪,.,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪).‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪(.‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪~0,,,‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(4-7‬‬

‫‪58~. 4-3‬‬ ‫‪81‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~)(301()1~ 4-2‬‬

‫‪111~ 8~1111~0(1~~(1~( 1(1 ~1~. 4-23. 18 ~0(1(1~~1~0 10 3. 120- ~ 60-1-1~ 8~~~1~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 103.0‬‬
‫~‪~~((~(11, 1~, ~3.(1 0~ 3.88~111~0 10 0~ ~0(16(1~0~8 3.(10 118 (1~~1~ ~0(11~(1118 (1~~11~101~. 111‬‬
‫‪1~((18 (3.60‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪1(3.(1810(111~( 18 ~(111~.‬‬ ‫(~‪(3.) )3,)(~(~88 111~ 1(1~~1 ~~((~(11 1(1 3. ~011(1‬‬
‫‪8~(1~8~ 0~1~(1111(1~ 111~ 113.(1110(11~13.~10( 011(1~~1‬‬ ‫~ ~‪~~((~(11, 1-1~ ~ 018~13.~~111~(1113.~10(, 0‬‬
‫(~~‪3.(10 1(1~~1 ~0‬‬ ‫‪13.~10(, ~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪11 0~13.~ 3.(1~1~ 18 ~ = -../2, ~3.1~1113.1~ ~00‬‬ ‫‪~0,‬‬ ‫‪~,,,..,,‬‬
‫‪1-1~, 0~,‬‬ ‫‪3.(10 ~~.‬‬

‫‪80101100‬‬ ‫‪(3.) 111~ ~3.~~10(111 10( 1(1~111 ~11((~(11 18 8110~(1 1(1 ~1~. 4- 2~ 3.(10 111~ /(1813.(1-‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪13.(1~0~8 1(1~~1 ~~((~(11 ~3.(1 0~ ~)(~(~88~0 1(1 3. ~0~(1~( 8~(1~8 3.8‬‬
‫~‬

‫‪/(() = /00 +‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪11=1.2....‬‬
‫‪(00‬‬ ‫‪~08‬‬ ‫‪/1(1)( +‬‬ ‫)()‪00 81(1 /1(1‬‬ ‫)‪(4-8‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪= 0‬‬

‫‪2/~ .‬‬
‫‪= - -/1-.. 81(1‬‬ ‫~‪/1‬‬ ‫‪10( /1 = 1, 3, 5,‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪= 0‬‬ ‫‪10( /1 = 2, 4, 6, . . .‬‬

‫( ~‪2/‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬
‫‪= /1-..‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫)~‪1 + ~08 /1‬‬ ‫‪10( /1 = 1, 3, 5,‬‬

‫‪= 0‬‬ ‫‪10( /1 = 2, 4, 6, . . .‬‬

‫)‪81(1~~ /00 = 0, )3,~. (4-8‬‬ ‫‪~3.(1 0~ ~(111~(1 3.8‬‬
‫~‬

‫()‪81(1(/1(1‬‬
‫)((‪/‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫)‪(4-9‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0/0‬‬ ‫)‪+ ~0‬‬
‫‪11=1,2....‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪/1‬‬
‫)‪(4-10‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫~‪111~ (1118~3.1~~ 01111~ /1111113.(1110(11‬‬

‫‪~0111~0(1~(1101111~ 1(1~~1 ~~((~(11 18 0~(1~~0 3.8‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫~‪/‬‬ ‫~‪/1‬‬

‫= ‪10‬‬ ‫~‪...,~2 (0‬‬
‫‪,-,,,‬‬ ‫‪+ 02)1/2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪=-‬‬ ‫‪~08‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬ ‫)‪(4-11‬‬
‫‪/1-..‬‬

‫‪82‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(4-12‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1/2‬‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬

‫= ‪1,‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‪~ 2‬‬
‫‪1,,‬‬
‫)()‪/~ (/( (,‬‬
‫)‬ ‫~‪= /‬‬ ‫) (‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫~‬
‫)‪(4-13‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫) ‪(4-14‬‬

‫‪~~0111 ~~5.‬‬ ‫)‪(2-50‬‬ ‫‪~110 (4-10),‬‬

‫~‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪= (05 ~1 = (05 -‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫)‪(4-15‬‬

‫‪/1‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪(1 +‬‬ ‫)~ ‪(05‬‬

‫= ~~‬ ‫_‬ ‫)‪(4-16‬‬
‫=‪2‬‬
‫‪(05‬‬
‫‪(,,.(,,.‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪~))1/2‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫=‪(0) ~ = ,,./2 ~11011,,,‬‬
‫)~‪(11,~/,,.)(1 + (05‬‬ ‫‪= 51.57~,‬‬

‫= ‪11,,,,,‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪120 = 169.83~.‬‬

‫~ ‪11,,,‬‬
‫‪0~,,.‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫(‬
‫=‪~~0111~~. (4-5), 11~0‬‬
‫‪1~0111~~. (4-6), 11~ = 0.5 ..,1.1,~1101~0111~~. (4-7),‬‬

‫‪,,.‬‬ ‫_‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫~‪51112‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫))‬
‫‪1/2‬‬

‫~ ‪= 81‬‬

‫‪20/0‬‬ ‫‪,,.‬‬
‫= ‪/1‬‬ ‫‪(05‬‬
‫~‬ ‫=‪4‬‬ ‫‪0.6366/0‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪/, = /0( 1‬‬
‫_‬
‫)~‬ ‫‪= 0.7071/0‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬

‫~(‪1-.‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪~ /‬‬
‫)~(‬ ‫‪- 1‬‬
‫)‬ ‫‪= 0.4835‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪48.35%‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫= ~‪0‬‬ ‫‪(05‬‬ ‫~‬

‫= ‪~1‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪= 0 .7071‬‬

‫‪/1‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫)~‪~~ = - (05 - = 0.6366 (1~~~111‬‬
‫‪/,‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1-/0(~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪11~(10(111(111‬‬ ‫~‪11(1((1111~1~(5 01 10‬‬ ‫(~‪~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪0~11~110‬‬ ‫~‪011 10‬‬ ‫~‪0~1(1‬‬
‫‪(111~1~, ~.‬‬

‫‪58~. 4-3‬‬ ‫‪83‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪10~ ~1(~11113((30~~01~01‬‬ ‫‪01 3 510~1~-~035~ 11111~00~~(1~( 15 500~0 10 ~1~. 4-33 ~110‬‬

‫‪3 01~01)110011~11~~ 1030.‬‬ ‫~(‪011(10~ 10~ ~05111~~ 0311-~)1~1~, 10)1(1510(5 1) 300 12 3‬‬
‫‪10(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪0135~0~ 300 ~0~0 10~5~ 1~0 10)1(1510(5 3(~ 11(~0 5101111130~01151)131 0)( = ~,‬‬
‫~~‪10~ 1030 15 ~000~~1~0 10 10~ 10~111 511~~1)110(011~0 1) 300 12. 011~ 10 10~ 10011~11‬‬
‫‪1030, 10)1(1510(5 1) 300 12 ~111 ~0011011~ 10 ~00011~1 0~)1000 0)( = 10, ~~~0 10011~0‬‬
‫‪10~ 10~111 ~0113~~ 15 31(~30)1 0~~311~~.‬‬ ‫‪011(10~ 10~ 0~~311~~ 0311-~)1~1~ 0110~ 10~111‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~0113~~, 10)1(1510(5 13 300 14 3(~ 10(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪0135~0~ 300 11(10~ 0110)1(1510(5 13 300 14‬‬
‫‪~1113~~1)110~ 511~~1)1~0113~~ 3~(055 10)1(1510(5 1) 300 12 35 (~~~(5~ 010~/(10~ ~0113~~.‬‬
‫‪1) 300 12 ~111 0~ 111(0~0 011 011~ 10 //11€ 0( 11(1(/11(1/~0111111((((1(/011300 10~ 1030 ~11 ~01‬‬
‫‪~111 0~ 1(3051~((~0‬‬ ‫‪1(001 1) 300 12 10 13 300 14.‬‬ ‫‪~1~11(~ 4-30 500~5 10~ (~~1005‬‬
‫(‪01 ~00~~(1~( 0~~(31100 300 ~1~. 4-3~ 500~5 10~ ~3~~10..01510‬‬ ‫‪10~111 ~0113~~, 0111~111‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~0113~~, 300 10~111 300 0111~111 ~11((~015.‬‬
‫~(‪011(10~ 10~ ~~(100 1(001 ~ 10 10, 10~ 10~111 ~0113~~, 1), 300 10~111 ~11((~01, /, 3‬‬
‫‪~05111~~~ 300 10~ ~0~~( 110~5 1(001 10~ 511~~1)110 10~ 1030.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~00~~(1~( 15 5310‬‬
‫‪10 0~ 0~~(31~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ,.€~(///~(1(/011 0100~.‬‬ ‫~‪011(10~ 10~ ~~(100 1(001 10 10 10 + ~, 10‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪111~1.11 ~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫~~‪11, 15 11~~(111‬‬ ‫~~~‪(1110 111~ 111~1.11 ~1.1((~111 15 ~05111‬‬ ‫~(~‪(1110 111‬‬ ‫~‪~111 0‬‬
‫~‪(~~~(5‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪110‬‬ ‫‪~(0(11‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(10‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 51.1~~1)1.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(~‪~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪15 0~~((11~0‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬
‫‪/11~~,.5/011‬‬ ‫‪11100,~.‬‬ ‫(~‪11115 ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪15 ~)(1~1151~~1)11.15~0‬‬ ‫‪111 11101.151(1(11 (1~~11~(1110115 1.1~ 10‬‬
‫‪15 /(~.‬‬ ‫~‪0~~~110111‬‬ ‫~~‪011 111~ ~(111.1~ 0~ ~, 111~ (1~~((1~~ 01.11~1.11 ~011(1‬‬ ‫(~‪~01.110 0~ ~1111‬‬
‫~~‪~05111‬‬ ‫‪0( 11~~(111~~ (1110 11 ~(0~10~5‬‬ ‫‪1~0-()1.1(10((1111 0~~((111011.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪(1~~((1‬‬ ‫~~‪01.11~1.11 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪~(111 0~ ~01.1110 ~(0(11‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪(10‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪~00‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)()‪~,,,5111().)(0,(().‬‬

‫‪210)0‬‬ ‫)‪(4-17‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪2~,,,‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫~ ‪~05‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫~‪(1110 ~00 ~(111 0~ ~(16~0 ~(0(11 2~ ,,,/10 10 - 2~ ,,,/10 0)1 ~(1()1111~ ~ ~(0(11 0 10 10. 111‬‬
‫‪(11(1)(1(111.1(11‬‬
‫~~‪(1~~((1~~ 01.11~1.11~011(1~~ 15 ~.1,,, = 2~ ,,,/10 (1110 111~ 110((11(1112~0 (1~~((1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪01.11~1.11~011(1~~ 15‬‬

‫)‪(4-18‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫)‪(4-19‬‬

‫~‪~)(301().‬‬ ‫‪4-3‬‬

‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~ ‪3 0~13)1 311~1~ 01‬‬

‫‪= 71/3, (~~~31‬‬ ‫(~‪8)(3111~1~ 4-2 10( 01~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 11111~011~~(1‬‬
‫‪111~1~. 4-33.‬‬

‫‪8010~100‬‬ ‫‪(3) 111~ ~3~~10(111‬‬ ‫‪10( 111~111~11((~11115 5110~11 111 ~1~. 4-3~ 3110 111~ 11151311-‬‬
‫‪1311~0115 111~111~11((~111 ~311 0~ ~)(~(~55~0‬‬ ‫(~‪1113 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪5~(1~5 35‬‬
‫~‬

‫‪/(1) = /00 +‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪11=1.2....‬‬
‫)‪(~~ ~05 /1001 + 0~ 5111/1(01‬‬ ‫)‪(4-20‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪4/.‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪= - -/171‬‬ ‫~‪5111/1‬‬ ‫‪10( /1 = 1, 3, 5, . . .‬‬

‫‪= 0‬‬ ‫‪10( /1 = 2, 4, . . .‬‬

‫‪58~. 4-4‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(4-22‬‬
‫~‪41‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫~‪~05 /1‬‬
‫‪/170‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪/1‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪1, 3, 5,‬‬ ‫‪. . .‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫= ‪10~ /1‬‬ ‫‪2, 4, . . .‬‬
‫=‬

‫= ‪5111~~ 100‬‬ ‫‪0, ~()..(4-20) ~(1110~ ~~111~11 (15‬‬

‫=‬
‫~‬
‫=‬
‫~‬ ‫‪1,2,...‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫~‪1‬‬
‫‪5111(0)(+‬‬ ‫)~~‬ ‫)‪(4-23‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪(1‬‬
‫‪1(111-1‬‬ ‫~‪-/1‬‬ ‫(‬
‫‪4-‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬
‫)‬
‫~~‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫~)‪/‬‬

‫‪(1110~~ 15‬‬ ‫~‪,,,(1111~01111‬‬

‫‪111~ 015~1(1~~111~111‬‬ ‫~‪(111~1~ 01111‬‬ ‫‪/111111(1~1110111~ ~11~~~111.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~1115‬‬

‫~‪/111111(1~1110111‬‬ ‫‪111~111‬‬ ‫‪~11~~~111‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪41‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫~‪1‬‬

‫)‪(4-25‬‬
‫= ‪1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪((12‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪/)2)1/2‬‬
‫‪= ~0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫‪/170‬‬ ‫‪/170‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫)‪(4-26‬‬

‫)‪(4-27‬‬

‫)‪(4-28‬‬

‫‪~~0111‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(2-51‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 11(1~1110111~ 1(1~10‬‬ ‫‪15 1011110‬‬ ‫‪(15‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬
‫_‬
‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪0.4834‬‬ ‫‪0~ 48.24%‬‬
‫~‪1-1‬‬
‫)‪((1,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪1‬‬

‫‪~~0111‬‬ ‫)‪~().5. (2-50‬‬ ‫‪(1110 (4-24),‬‬ ‫‪111~ 015~1(1~~111~1111(1~10~,‬‬

‫~‪0~ = ~05~1 = ~05-‬‬ ‫)‪(4-29‬‬

‫~~~‪~~0111 ~()..(2-52) 111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪1(1~10~ 15 1011110 (15‬‬

‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪~~ = - ~05 - ~ = -‬‬ ‫)‪(4-30‬‬
‫‪1,‬‬ ‫~ ‪70 ~05‬‬

‫‪86‬‬
 ‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪()- = 71/3.‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~~‪2‬‬
‫= ‪~00‬‬ ‫‪~05 ()- = 54.02‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~~ = 0.5 ~11‬‬
‫‪71‬‬

‫= ‪~,015‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~ ‪= ~5 = 120‬‬

‫‪/1 = (2‬‬ ‫‪0 ~) = 0.90032/.‬‬ ‫‪~110 /, = /.‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪/‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫= ~‪11‬‬
‫) ~ ((‬ ‫)‪- 1‬‬ ‫‪= 0.4834 0( 48.34%‬‬

‫‪-71‬‬
‫‪~1 = -()-‬‬ ‫= ~‪0‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪()-‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪~05‬‬ ‫‪= 0.5‬‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫= ~‪11‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪()-‬‬ ‫) ‪.‬‬
‫~‪(1~~~111‬‬
‫‪1,‬‬
‫‪~05‬‬ ‫‪= 0.45‬‬

‫‪1-/0(~. 10.~ 1000(1111~01(11 ~0111~00~01 0110~01 ~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪15 (11~(1~5 90.03%‬‬ ‫‪0110‬‬
‫‪(100 10.~ 0.(1(111001~ 1(1~10( (~111(1105 ~0051(101 (11 48.34%.‬‬

‫~~‬ ‫‪0.(1~~ 5~~0 10 5~~600‬‬ ‫~‪4-4 10.(11 510~1~-~0.(15‬‬ ‫‪1011 ~00~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪(1110~ 001~ 1~0-‬‬
‫‪()0(10((101‬‬ ‫‪0~~((1600.‬‬ ‫‪111~0‬‬ ‫~‪0110.~5‬‬ ‫‪1011 ~00~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ ~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫(‪0(1~/( 10 0(1~/‬‬

‫‪~2‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪(15 50.0~0‬‬
‫~‪10.‬‬
‫‪00(11‬‬
‫~(‪(1‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~. 4-4(1, 0010. 10.~ 001~01‬‬
‫~‪5~51~111 ~111 ~(0~10‬‬
‫‪~00~~(1~(5‬‬
‫‪10.~ 0~1(1~ (10~1~5 01 ~00~~(1~(5‬‬
‫‪(1~~((1~~ 001~01‬‬
‫(~‪10.(11 00~ ~00~~(1‬‬
‫‪~011(1~~ (100 10.~ 10(10 ~0((~01‬‬
‫‪100(-()0(10((101‬‬
‫‪(1(~ 00(111(111~ 05~0‬‬

‫‪~011(1~~5 (1(~ ~001 (100 11002.‬‬

‫‪0~~((11~5‬‬
‫‪1 (100 2, (~5~~~11~~1~,‬‬
‫‪~(10 0~ (~~~(5~0.‬‬
‫‪0~~((1600‬‬
‫(~~‪10 0.1~0.-~0‬‬
‫‪(100‬‬

‫~‪10.~ ~0((~5~00010‬‬
‫‪10.~ 0~1(1~ (10~1~5 (1(~ ~001(011~0‬‬
‫(~‪(15 (1 (~~1111~( (100 10.~ 010.~( ~00~~(1‬‬ ‫‪0~~((11~5‬‬
‫‪50~0.‬‬
‫‪(15 (10‬‬
‫‪15 ~(111~0 (1 0./1(1/ ~0,,1)~,.(~,..‬‬
‫‪~(1(1(101~-5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~5.‬‬ ‫‪11 ~1 (100‬‬

‫~(~‪10~~(1‬‬ ‫‪001‬‬ ‫‪0010.‬‬ ‫‪~00~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫~~‪~(000‬‬ ‫~~‪10.~ 5(1111~ (1~~((1‬‬ ‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~0‬‬
‫‪4-40 50.0~5 10.~ 001~01‬‬ ‫(‪~(1~~10(111510‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪~00~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~0.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 1~0‬‬ ‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~5‬‬
‫~(‪(1(~ 10.~ 5(1111~. ~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪4-4‬‬ ‫‪50.0~5‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 1)-/‬‬ ‫‪~0.(1((1~1~(156~5‬‬ ‫‪01 (1 00(11 ~00~~(1~(.‬‬
‫‪~(0111‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬ ‫)‪(4-17‬‬ ‫~~‪10.~ (1~~((1‬‬ ‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~5‬‬ ‫~(‪(1‬‬

‫‪211,,,‬‬
‫= ‪11001‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~05 ~1‬‬ ‫) ‪(4-31‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(4-32‬‬

‫‪58~.4-5‬‬ ‫‪87‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~~2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪.3‬‬ ‫‪-+‬‬ ‫‪.2.‬‬ ‫‪.4.‬‬
‫‪8.‬‬ ‫‪8.‬‬

‫‪1/01‬‬ ‫~‪~08.‬‬ ‫‪1/02‬‬

‫‪~11/‬‬
‫~‪1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1/‬‬
‫‪.2‬‬ ‫‪.3.‬‬ ‫‪.,.‬‬

‫‪(8.) ()~,~~~1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1/‬‬

‫‪,.,1‬‬
‫‪2,,‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~~0‬‬

‫‪~~1/01‬‬

‫‪(~) 0~8.~,8.~1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪,.,1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪88‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫)‪(4-33‬‬
‫‪5111~~ 111~ 11151111111111~01150111~111 ~01111~~5‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪11(~ 0111 01 ~11115~,‬‬
‫~~‪111~(~ ~111 0~ 111111151111111111~0115~01111‬‬ ‫~~‪0111~(~11‬‬ ‫~‪11110 11115 ~111 (~51111 111 ~1(~111111111‬‬
‫‪~11((~111 0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1~0‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(5.‬‬ ‫~‪11115 ~1(~111111111~ ~11((~111 ~1111101110‬‬ ‫‪111(011~11‬‬
‫~~‪111~ 10110 11110 15 110((111111~ 11(1111~0 0~ 11 ~/,~/1/(1(/‬‬ ‫(~~‪~/1,,‬‬ ‫‪,~(1~(0,‬‬ ‫‪1-~ 115 5110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪4-411.‬‬
‫‪111)01‬‬ ‫‪11110 1)02 11(~ 111~ 11151111111111~01150111~111 ~01111~~5‬‬ ‫‪01 ~011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪1 11110 2,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(~5~~~11~~1~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1(~111111111~ ~11((~111 ~1111 0~ 1011110 0~ 1111~~(111111~ 111~ 11151111111111~0115‬‬
‫())(‬
‫~~‪~01111~~ 0111~(~11‬‬ ‫‪5111(1111~ 1(0(11‬‬ ‫‪= 210 - ~1. 5111~~ 111~ 1~0 0111~111 ~01111~~5‬‬
‫())(‬
‫‪011(111~ 111~ 1111~(~111‬‬ ‫~‪10 + ~1 10 210 - ~1 11(~ ~~11111, 111~1( ~0111(1011110115 10 111‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪11151111111111~0115~1(~111111111~ ~11((~111 /~ 15 2~(0.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫) ‪(4-34‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~1(~111111111~ ~11((~111 0~~~1105‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ 0~111~ 1111~1~ 11110 0~~0(11~5‬‬ ‫‪(1111)(1(1111(11~11~11‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪10,‬‬
‫())(‬
‫=‬ ‫‪~10,‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪= 0,2,4,‬‬ ‫‪. . .,11110 (111111(1111(11111‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪= 0,‬‬ ‫())(‬
‫‪= ~10, ~ = 1,‬‬
‫‪3,‬‬ ‫‪. . ..‬‬ ‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫~‪~~11‬‬ ‫‪10110 ~11((~111‬‬ ‫‪15 1,,,‬‬ ‫~‪011~ 01111‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪111111 ~0111(015‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫~‪110‬‬

‫‪111 ~115~ 01 0~~(1111011‬‬

‫‪11(11~ 11110 ~11((1~5‬‬
‫~((‪(1111~ ~11‬‬
‫‪011111 ~011~~(1~(5‬‬

‫‪0~ 111111011~0 ~111~ ~1115~5.‬‬

‫‪11 ~~11~ ~11((~111 01 (1,,‬‬
‫~‪~1111 0‬‬ ‫‪0~~(111~0‬‬
‫‪~11110111 ~1(~111111111~ ~11((~111,‬‬
‫(~‪111~ 10110 ~11((~111~ 11110 111~ 0111‬‬
‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~~(1111011‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪4 ~ 111/())1-~).‬‬
‫‪~1111 0( ~11110111 11 ~1(~111111111~ ~11((~111.‬‬
‫(~‪0111~ 011~ ~011~~(1‬‬
‫(~‪~011~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪15 ~0(11~1~1~1‬‬
‫~‪~1111 ~1(~111111111~ ~11((~11111115 111‬‬
‫‪0~~(111~5‬‬
‫‪010~~~0‬‬
‫‪111 11‬‬

‫~‪10110~111‬‬ ‫~‪110~1111111~~5‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1(~111111111~~11((~111 (11111111111115‬‬

‫‪~0111111110115 ~011011~110110100111‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(5‬‬
‫(~~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~1101‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪(1111~~, 1110~~~110~111‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪10110.‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫(~‪5111~~ 011~ ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪111~11~5 0~~(111~5‬‬ ‫(~‪115 11 (~~1111‬‬ ‫(~‪11110 111~ 0111~( ~011~~(1‬‬
‫‪0~~(111~5‬‬ ‫‪115 1111111~~(1~(,‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫~‪110‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1111~( 01(~~11011‬‬ ‫‪1111111~ 11(11~ 15 ~055101~.‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪5111~~ 00111 ~011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪11(~ 111 ~0111111110115 ~011011~11011,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 11(11~ (~5~0115‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬
‫‪~111111~111~ 1(0(11 011~ ~11110(11111 0~~(1111011‬‬ ‫‪10 11110111~( 15 11151~(.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~)(3111())~ 4-4‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪111~ 51111))~-111135~01131 (011~~(1~,‬‬ ‫‪111~18. 4-43‬‬ ‫‪15 011~,31~0‬‬ ‫‪1,0111 3 120- ~ 60-1-12 51111111)1‬‬
‫‪3110 111~ 1030 ,~5151311(~ 15 ~ = 10 0.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (1,(111311118111011(1311(~15 ~0 = 40 1111-1‬‬
‫‪0~13)1 31181~5 3,~ ~1 = 600 3110 ~2 = 1200. ~31(11131~ 111~11~3)((1,(111311118(11,,~111 3110‬‬
‫‪111~ 11~3)( (11,,~111 01 (011~~,1~,‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪80)011011‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪21/‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪= 377 ,30/5,‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 600, ~,,,‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪120 = 169.7~,‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪60 1-12, 3110 ~,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪40 1111-1. ~0,‬‬ ‫= ()‪(1‬‬ ‫= ‪21/ 3110 ~1‬‬ ‫‪1//3,‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬ ‫)‪(4-34‬‬ ‫()‪81~~5 111~ 11~3‬‬

‫‪58~. 4-5‬‬ ‫‪89‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪2~,,,‬‬ ‫‪169.7‬‬
‫=)()‪/~(111(1‬‬ ‫= )‪( 1 - ~05 ~1‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪= 11.25/1..‬‬
‫~~)‪(1‬‬ ‫‪377‬‬ ‫‪0.04‬‬

‫‪111~ ~~(1/( 10(10 ~11((~111,/,, = 169.71/10‬‬ ‫‪= 16.97 /1... 111~ ~~(1/( ~11((~11101 ~011~~(1~( 1‬‬
‫‪15(16.97 + 11.25) = 28.22/1...‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~~‪111.~11-~0113‬‬ ‫‪3~~11~3110115,‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫~(‪(110‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ ~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪111 5~(1~5‬‬
‫~~‪10 5113(~ 111~ ~0113‬‬ ‫~~‪3110 3150 10 1(11~(0‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪~3~10(.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~0‬‬ ‫‪4-53‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬
‫‪5~(111~011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪11131 3(~ ~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪1115~(1~5.‬‬ ‫‪)33~11 5~~01103()11135‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ 53(11~ 110(110‬‬
‫‪0~ 10(115,‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(115‬‬ ‫‪(3110‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(1(113()1‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪5~~01103()115‬‬ ‫‪~(,/~,‬‬ ‫‪= 2.‬‬ ‫~‪1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~(‪~1 3110 ~2 3‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~13)1‬‬ ‫(~‪311~1~5 0~ ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫(~‪1 3110 ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪2,‬‬ ‫‪(~5~~~11~~1)1,‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪(113)(1(110(11‬‬ ‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪1-7.111115 0013111~0‬‬ ‫‪~11~11‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫‪= 0.‬‬
‫(~‪111 1~0-~011~~(1‬‬ ‫(~‪5)151~(115, 011~ ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪15 0~~(31~0‬‬ ‫‪10 0013111 001~01‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬
‫‪1(0(11 010‬‬ ‫(~‪1-7.1111/23110 111~ 0111~( ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪15 0)1~355~0‬‬ ‫~‪111(00~111151(~~~11~~1111‬‬ ‫‪0100~.‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪0013111 001~01‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪1(0(11 1-7.1111/210 1-7.1111,‬‬
‫(~‪011~ ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪1511111)110(11~0‬‬ ‫‪011 (0~13)1‬‬
‫‪30~1~,‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫(~‪= 0) 3110 111~ 0~13)1 30~1~ 010111‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(,‬‬ ‫‪~2, 15 ~3(1~0.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~0‬‬ ‫‪4-50‬‬
‫‪5110~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ 001~01‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪111~01 ~0((~015‬‬ ‫‪10 ~011~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~ 111~01 ~0((~011(0(11‬‬
‫‪111~ 50~~1)1‬‬ ‫‪~11~11 00111 111~ ~011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪0~~(31111~.‬‬
‫‪~(0(11‬‬ ‫‪)3~.‬‬ ‫‪(4-5),‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 3~~(3‬‬ ‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~5‬‬ ‫‪011~0‬‬ ‫‪5~(111~011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬

‫‪1-7111‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫= ‪1-7001‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫)‪(1 + ~05 ~1‬‬

‫)‪(4-35‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪(113)(1(110(11 3~~(3‬‬ ‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪10( ~1 = ~2 = 0 15 1-7.1111‬‬

‫‪~011~~(1~( 1 15 0~~(31111~~0 ~ ~1 ~ 10 3110 ~2 = 10, 111~11‬‬

‫)‪(4-36‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪3110 111~ 110((113112~0‬‬ ‫~~‪3~~(3‬‬ ‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪1-700‬‬
‫=‪1-7~/‬‬ ‫‪= 0.25 ( 1 +‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫)‪(4-37‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪0111‬‬
‫‪~05 ~1‬‬

‫‪11 00111 ~011~~(1~(5 3(~ 0~~(31111~~ ~1 = 0 3110 0 ~ ~2 ~ 10, 111~11‬‬

‫‪1-7/1/‬‬
‫= ‪1-700‬‬ ‫‪1-7001 +‬‬ ‫= ‪1-7002‬‬ ‫‪(3‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪~05 ~2‬‬ ‫)‪(4-38‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫‪90‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~‪(1110 111~ 1101111(1112~0 (1~~1(1‬‬ ‫~~‪0111~111 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪11()0‬‬
‫)‪( 4-39‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫= ‪11,,‬‬ ‫‪= 0.25(3‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬ ‫)‪~2‬‬
‫‪11(/111‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪~1~111‬‬ ‫‪4-6(1‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪1111/ ~011~~11~15‬‬ ‫‪111(11 (11~ ~01111~~1~0 111 5~11~5 (1110 111~ 1111115‬‬
‫‪1(1110 0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~11111(11~ (1110 5~~0110(11‬‬ ‫‪15 1--/,,/1--/5 = 2.‬‬ ‫~‪011~ 10 111~ 1(1~1111(11111~1‬‬
‫~‪(11~ 110 11~~~11~~1111‬‬ ‫‪0100~5,‬‬ ‫~‪011~ 01111‬‬ ‫‪~011~~11~15‬‬ ‫~‪~(1111101 0‬‬ ‫‪0~~(155~0‬‬ ‫‪(1110 00111‬‬
‫‪~011~~11~15‬‬ ‫~‪1111151 0~~1(11‬‬ ‫‪(11 111~ 5(1111~ 11111~.‬‬
‫‪111 1~~1111~(111011‬‬ ‫‪11100~,‬‬ ‫~‪011‬‬ ‫‪~011~~11~115‬‬ ‫‪11111~ (10~(111~~0‬‬ ‫‪(~1‬‬ ‫~‪= 0) (1110111~ 0~1(1‬‬
‫‪(111~1~ 01 111~ 0111~1 ~011~~11~1,‬‬ ‫‪~2,‬‬ ‫‪15 ~(111~0‬‬ ‫‪110111 0 10 11 10 ~0111101‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~ 0111~111‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪4-6‬‬
‫‪91‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~+‬‬
‫(‪,.,‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~0= 1.‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫(‪,.,‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫(‪~~~,.,‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪- - - - - -‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪92‬‬
 ‫‪.,,011(1~~.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~1.1‬‬ ‫‪4-60‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪111~ 111()1.11.,,011(1~~,‬‬ ‫‪01.11()1.11 .,,011(1~~5,‬‬ ‫‪111()1.11~1.1((~1115 10‬‬
‫‪111~ ~011.,,~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪(1110 111()1.1151.1()()1)1 ~1.1((~111.‬‬ ‫~‪~0111()(1(111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪4-60‬‬ ‫‪~1111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪4-20,‬‬ ‫~~‬
‫‪~(11111011~~ 111(11111~ 111()1.11~1.1((~1111(0111‬‬ ‫‪111~ 51.1()()1)115 5111111(1(10 111(11015~1111~011.,,~(1~(,‬‬
‫(~~‪(1110 (15 (1 (~51.111111~ ()0‬‬ ‫(~‪1(1~10( 0111115 ~011.,,~(1‬‬ ‫‪15 1111()(0.,,~0,‬‬ ‫(~~‪01.11111~ ()0‬‬ ‫(‪1(1~10‬‬
‫‪15 1~55 111(111111(11 01 5~(1~5‬‬ ‫‪5~1111~011.,,~(1~(5.‬‬
‫‪111 111.,,~(51011 11100~,‬‬ ‫(~‪011~ ~011.,,~(1‬‬ ‫‪15 11.111)1(~1(1(0~0,‬‬ ‫‪~2 = 70, (1110 111~ 0~1(1)1‬‬
‫~‪(111~1~ 01111‬‬ ‫‪0111~( ~011.,,~(1~(,‬‬ ‫‪~1, 15 .,,(1(1~0 1(0111 0 10 70 10 ~0111(01111~ (1.,,~((1~~ 01.11()1.11‬‬
‫‪.,,011(1~~.‬‬ ‫‪~1~1.1(~ 4-60‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1)-1 ~11(1((1~1~(1511~5 01 5~(1~5 11.111~011.,,~(1~(5.‬‬
‫‪~(0111‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬ ‫‪(4-17),‬‬ ‫‪111~ (1.,,~((1~~ 01.11()1.11 .,,011(1~~5 011~0‬‬ ‫‪11.111~011.,,~(1~(5‬‬ ‫~(‪(1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪111~ 111(1)(11111.1111‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(1.,,~((1~~ 01.11()1.11.,,011(1~~ 10( ~1 = ~2 = 0 15 ~,/,,, = 4~ ,,,/70.‬‬
‫‪(~~1111~(11101111100~, ~1 = 0 (11100 ~ ~2 ~ 70~111~11‬‬

‫‪~,, = -~00 = 0.5 ( 1 +‬‬

‫‪~,/,,,‬‬
‫‪~05 ~2‬‬ ‫)‬
‫)‪(4-40‬‬

‫~‪111 111‬‬

‫) ‪(4-41‬‬

‫)‪(4-42‬‬

‫)‪(4-43‬‬

‫‪~00‬‬ ‫) ‪(4-44‬‬
‫~ = ‪~,,‬‬ ‫‪= 0.5 ( ~05‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫)‪- 1‬‬
‫‪,/,,,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪~,.301()1‬‬ ‫‪4-5‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪10~0 ~1.1 ~111 (~110‬‬ ‫~~~‪~11 ~..~..‬‬ ‫‪..~11.1~ 01 1.) 018~..1~8‬‬ ‫‪11.111~011..~..1~..8 111~1~. 4-6~ 18‬‬
‫‪~0116111.101.18~110 10~ ..1~~1~ ~0111~111 18 11~~11~101~. 10~ 11.1..118..~60 0110~ 1..~11810..(11~..‬‬
‫‪18,..,,,/,..,5 = 2. 10~ ~011..~..1~..8 0~~..~1~ 111..~~611~~11011 (1100~ 81.1~0 10~1 ~1 = 0 ~110~2‬‬
‫‪..~..1~81..0(11 0 10,,..‬‬ ‫~‪(~) ~)(~..~88 10~ 111~1.1181.1~~1)1~1.1 ~111111 ~01.1..1~.. 8~..1~8, 0~1~..(11111‬‬
‫‪10~ 0~..(110111~ 1~~10.. 01111~1.11 ~1.1 ~111, 11~~ 018~1~~~(11~1111~~10.., 1)~~ ~110 111~1.11~0~~..‬‬
‫‪1~~10.., ~~.‬‬ ‫‪(0) 1110~ 0~1~)1 ~11~1~ 18 ~2‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪,,./2 ~110 10~ ~~~/( 111~1.11..011~~~ 18 ~,,,‬‬
‫‪162 ~,‬‬ ‫‪~~1~1.11~1~ ~00 ~~, ~,,,,0, 11~, 1)~,‬‬ ‫‪~110 ~~.‬‬

‫‪58~. 4-6‬‬ ‫‪93‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪80)01100‬‬ ‫‪(3) 111~ ~3.,,~~0~111 ~0~ 111~111~11~~~11118 8110~11 111 ~1~. 4-60‬‬ ‫‪311() 111~ 11181311-‬‬
‫)(~‪1311~0118 111~111811~~1~ ~11~~~111~311 0~ ~)(~~~88‬‬ ‫‪1113 ~011~1~~ 8~~1~8 38‬‬
‫‪%‬‬

‫= )((‪1‬‬ ‫‪~ 0‬‬ ‫)~~ ‪1~ 8111 (11(.0( +‬‬

‫‪/1= 1,2....‬‬

‫= ~~ ~~~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪-11~2/2.‬‬ ‫)‪8()11311011 (4.11‬‬ ‫‪~1.,,~8 111~ ~1118.,,3111~ 0~ 111~ 11111113~1110111~111~111‬‬

‫‪~11~~~111‬‬

‫)‪(4-45‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(4-46‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~1118 111~111 ~11~~~111 18 ~01111() 38‬‬

‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪_ 0.2‬‬ ‫)‪(4-47‬‬
‫‪1$‬‬ ‫‪= 1~ (1‬‬
‫‪11‬‬‫)‬
‫‪~~0111 8().‬‬ ‫‪(2-51),‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪11(11‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪~2‬‬ ‫_‬
‫=~‪1-1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫)‪(4-48‬‬
‫‪~ 4(1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪~08 ~2‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪~~0111 8()8.‬‬ ‫‪(2-50),‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~~0111 8().‬‬ ‫‪(2-52),‬‬

‫‪11‬‬
‫=‪1)~ = ~08 ~1 = ~08 - --‬‬

‫~‬
‫= ‪~~ = - ~08 -‬‬
‫‪1$‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫)‪(1 + ~08 ~2‬‬

‫‪(11(11 - ~2))1/2‬‬
‫)‪(4-49‬‬

‫)‪(4-50‬‬

‫‪(0) ~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪0311()~2‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪11/2.‬‬ ‫‪~~01118(). (4-41),‬‬

‫‪~00 = (2‬‬ ‫)‪~ 1~2‬‬ ‫)~‪(1 + ~08‬‬ ‫~ ‪103.13‬‬

‫‪~~0111 8().‬‬ ‫‪(4-42),‬‬ ‫)(‪~~ = 0.5 ~11 311‬‬

‫~ ‪2‬‬
‫= ‪~~,,,,‬‬ ‫)‪(2~ ,,,)2 8111 (.0( ((((.01‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪2 11 102‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫~~‪11 = /‬‬ ‫‪~08‬‬ ‫~‪= 0.6366/‬‬ ‫)(‪311‬‬ ‫~‪1~ = 0.7071/‬‬
‫‪4‬‬

‫=~‪1-1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪_ 1‬‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬

‫‪= 0.4835‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪48.35%‬‬

‫~‬ ‫)~(‬

‫‪94‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫= ~)‪1‬‬ ‫‪(05‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~ = 0.7071‬‬
‫‪4‬‬

‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪~~ = ~(05‬‬ ‫)~‪( - ~1) = 0.6366 ( 1(1~~111‬‬

‫‪1-10(€. 111~ ~~(10(111(111(~ 01 5~(1~5 1011 (011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪15 51(1111(1(10 111(1101 5111~1~-‬‬
‫‪~0(15~ 5~(111(011~~(1~(5.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪10(~~-~11(15‬‬ ‫‪(011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫~‪~(0~10‬‬ ‫(~‪01~0‬‬ ‫~~‪(1~~((1‬‬ ‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫~‪(1110 111 (10011101110‬‬
‫~(‪1(~()0~11‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪(1~~1~5‬‬
‫‪011 10~ 001~01‬‬ ‫(~‪~011(1~~ 15 01~0‬‬ ‫‪(0(11~(1(~0‬‬ ‫‪10 10(11 01 5111~1~-‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪(~5011,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪1111~611‬‬ ‫‪(~()01(~(11~1115‬‬ ‫~‪10( 5(110010111~ 001 10‬‬
‫‪~11(15~ (011~~(1~(5.‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~)(-‬‬
‫‪10(10 (0((~111‬‬ ‫‪15 51(11~1~(.‬‬ ‫~‪~0( 111~5~ (~(150115, 10(~~-~0(15‬‬ ‫‪(011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 05~0‬‬
‫(~~‪1~1151~~1~ 111 01~0-~0‬‬ ‫‪~(1(1(101~-5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~5.‬‬ ‫~~(‪10‬‬ ‫~‪5111~1~-~0(15‬‬ ‫~~‪11(111-~(1‬‬ ‫‪(011-‬‬
‫‪~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪4-1(1‬‬ ‫‪((111 0~ (01111~(1~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 10((11 (1 10(~~-~0(15‬‬ ‫~~‪11(111-~(1‬‬ ‫‪(011~~(1~(,‬‬
‫‪(15 500~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪4-7(1.‬‬
‫‪~0~11‬‬ ‫(‪10~(1510‬‬ ‫()‪11 15 11(~0 (11 0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪-../6‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪~11(15~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪1)011 (1~~~(1(5‬‬
‫‪(1((055‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 10(10 0116110~(1510‬‬ ‫‪12 15 11(~0‬‬ ‫()‪(11 0‬‬ ‫‪= 5-../6 +~.‬‬ ‫‪~0~11 10~(1510( 12 15‬‬
‫‪11(~0,‬‬ ‫(‪10~(1510‬‬ ‫~‪11 15 (~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪01(15~0,‬‬ ‫~‪0~((105‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1111~-10-1111~ ~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫=( ‪1),,6‬‬ ‫‪1)011 -‬‬
‫~~‪1)611), 15 11~~(16‬‬ ‫‪(1110 11 15 10(11~0‬‬ ‫‪011.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~0(15‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪1)611 (1~~~(1(5‬‬ ‫‪(1((055‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪10(10‬‬ ‫(‪01161 10~(1510‬‬ ‫‪13 15 11(~0‬‬ ‫()‪(11 0‬‬ ‫‪= 3-../2‬‬ ‫‪+~.‬‬ ‫‪~0~11‬‬ ‫(‪111~(1510‬‬ ‫‪13 15 11(~0,‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪15 10(11~0‬‬ ‫‪011 (1110 1)011(1~~~(1(5‬‬ ‫‪(1((055‬‬ ‫‪10~ 10(10 01111111 1511(~0‬‬ ‫~‪(1~(1111 (1110~ 0~~11111111‬‬
‫‪(0(1((1(1~(1511(5‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪10(10 (1110 1015 15‬‬
‫‪10~ 1) - 1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪0111~)(1‬‬

‫~‪(1110 10‬‬
‫‪10(10‬‬
‫‪(~(1~.‬‬
‫‪(1 011~-()0(10((1111‬‬
‫‪(0((~111‬‬
‫~ ~ ‪(1110‬‬
‫‪5~11-(0(11(1101(11~0‬‬
‫~(‪~1~0‬‬
‫‪(011~~(1~(.‬‬
‫‪10(00~0‬‬
‫‪-../6,‬‬
‫‪~0~11‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪4-70‬‬ ‫‪500~5‬‬
‫~(‪~1~0‬‬
‫(‪10~(1510‬‬
‫‪10(10 (0((~111‬‬
‫~‪10~ ~01(1(11‬‬
‫‪4-7( 500~5‬‬

‫‪~0010‬‬
‫‪10~ 111~01 ~011(1~~5,‬‬
‫~~‪11 10( (1 01~01~ 11100(6‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬
‫~~‪01115 ~11(15~ ~011(1‬‬
‫‪10(10.‬‬
‫‪015(0116110005‬‬
‫‪15 (~~~(5~0.‬‬
‫‪001~01‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬
‫‪(1110 ~(1(0‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪~011(1~~,‬‬
‫~~‪(1 (~51511‬‬
‫(‪10~(1510‬‬
‫~(‪1(~()0~11‬‬
‫‪~((1(6((11‬‬
‫‪15‬‬

‫‪01 001~01‬‬ ‫~‪(1~~1‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪15 3/5.‬‬ ‫(~‪1015 (011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪15 1101 110((11(111~ 05~0‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬
‫‪5~51~(115,‬‬ ‫~‪0~((105‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 50~~1‬‬ ‫‪(0((~1115‬‬ ‫‪(0111(1111 0( (0(11~011~1115.‬‬
‫‪0)(, 111~ (1~~((1~~ 001~01‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫~‪1110‬‬ ‫~‪~0(15‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~ 15 1),,11 = ~ 1/1 5111‬‬
‫‪(0116110005‬‬ ‫‪10(10 (0((~111‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫) ‪(4-51‬‬

‫~~‪(11(1)(1(110(11 (1~~((1‬‬ ‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪10(11‬‬

‫~(~‪~0‬‬ ‫(‪1/1/1 15 10~ ~~(1/‬‬ ‫~‪~0(15‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0((0(5‬‬ ‫~‪(11 0~1(1‬‬ ‫~ ‪(111~1~,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪0 15‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(4-52‬‬

‫‪95‬‬
‫‪58~. 4-7‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪9.‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~,.1‬‬ ‫‪,..,‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪,,‬‬ ‫‪,..2‬‬ ‫‪~~1/0‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~~1/0‬‬
‫‪(0‬‬
‫‪,..3‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪....1‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪1/0‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~~.‬‬
‫‪~~0‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪~,.1‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪~+..‬‬

‫‪~~..‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪~2..‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪6 ~+..‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪~+..‬‬ ‫‪2..‬‬
‫‪(~) ~0, ,,,0~01,1/9‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~09.0‬‬
‫‪~)~11..~ 4-7‬‬ ‫~‪111(~~-()113.5‬‬ ‫‪113.)(-~3.1/~ ~011.,,~((~(.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(4-53‬‬

‫‪96‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪,,.‬‬
‫‪_3‬‬ ‫‪311,,,‬‬
‫‪1100‬‬ ‫=‬
‫()(‪210 1,,./6+‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫) ()‪11,,/51110)( (/ (0‬‬ ‫‪= -210‬‬ ‫‪(1+‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬ ‫) (‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪-6 +‬‬ ‫~‬
‫)‪(4-51(1‬‬

‫)‪(4-52(1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(4-53(1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪~)(301~1‬‬ ‫‪4-6‬‬
‫‪(1 1/1~~~-11/1(15~ ~-‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‪1/1~~~-11/1(15~ /1(111-~3.,‬‬ ‫‪~011.,~~1~~ 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪4-7(1 15 011~~(11~0 1~0111‬‬
‫~‪~01111~~1~0 208-‬‬ ‫~ ‪60-1-12 51111111~(1110 1/1~ 10(10 1~5151(111~~ 15‬‬ ‫‪= 1011.‬‬ ‫‪/11115 1~~111~~0‬‬
‫‪10 001(1111 (111(1.,~~(1~~ 011111111.,011(1~~ 01 50% 011/1~ 111(1)(111111111‬‬
‫‪11055101~ 011111111.,011(1~~,‬‬
‫‪~(11~111(11~1/1~ ((1) 0~1(1~ (111~1~~~ (0) ~1115(1110 (1.,~~(1~~ 011111111~11~~~1115~(~) (1.,~~(1~~ (1110‬‬
‫‪~1115 1/1~~1510~ ~11~~~1115~ (0) ~~~1111~(111011~111~1~11~~~ (~) 1~(111510~111~~1111112(1110111(1~10~,‬‬
‫~~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(1110 (1) 11111111110~~~ 1(1~10~, ~~.‬‬

‫‪120.1‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪11,,, = 0‬‬ ‫= _‪11‬‬ ‫‪169 .83 ~,‬‬

‫‪801011011‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ 11/1(15~ .,011(1~~ 15 11, = 208/‬‬ ‫=‬
‫= ~‪11‬‬ ‫‪0.5,‬‬ ‫~ ‪(1110‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪10 11.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫~~‪111(1)(111111111011111111 .,011(1‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪11,,,‬‬ ‫‪169.83‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫= ‪11,,,,,‬‬

‫‪1/1~ (1.,~~(1~~ 011111111.,011(1~~, 1100 = 0.5‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪276‬‬

‫‪140.45‬‬ ‫‪= 70.23 ~.‬‬

‫‪= 3‬‬ ‫~‬
‫()‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪276‬‬

‫‪((1) ~0~ (1 ~~51511.,~ 10(10, 1/1~ 10(10 ~11~~~11115 ~0111111110115/1 ~ ~ 76/6 (1110 6~. (4-‬‬
‫‪52) ~1.,~5 11~ ~ ~05 (76/6) = 86.6%.‬‬ ‫‪~11/1 (1 ~~51511.,~ 10(10 (1110 50% 011111111,1/1~ 10(10‬‬
‫‪(1 + ~05 (76/6 + ~)) (1110‬‬
‫~ ‪= 140.45‬‬

‫‪~11~~~11115 015~0111111110115. ~~0111 6~. (4-52(1),0.5‬‬ ‫)~‪= (1/‬‬

‫~‪1/1~ 0~1(1‬‬ ‫~ ‪(111~1~ 15‬‬ ‫‪= 67.70.‬‬
‫‪110)~ = 70.23/10‬‬
‫= ‪(0) 1/1~ (1.,~~(1~~ 011111111~111~~111, 100‬‬ ‫‪= 7.02~.‬‬ ‫‪~~0111 6~.‬‬
‫‪(4-53(1),‬‬ ‫‪~,,,.,, = 94.74 ~ (1110 1/1~ ~111510(10 ~11~~~111, 1,,,.,, = 94.74/10‬‬ ‫‪= 9.47 ~.‬‬
‫‪(~) 1/1~ 3.,~~(1~~ ~11~~~11101 (1 1/1~~1510~, 1/), = 10)3 = 7.02/3‬‬ ‫~‪= 2.34 ~ (1110 1/1‬‬
‫~‪~1115~11~~~11101 (1 1/1~~1510~, 18., = 1,,,.,/‬‬ ‫~‪= 9.47/‬‬ ‫‪= 5.47 ~.‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪(0) ~~0111 6~.‬‬ ‫‪(2-44) 1/1~ ~~~1111~(111011‬‬
‫‪~111~1~11~~15‬‬ ‫‪= 70.23‬‬ ‫‪7.02/(94.74‬‬
‫‪9.47) = 54.95%.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫)~(‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫‪~1115 111111111111~ ~11~~~11115‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ 5(1111~ (15 1/1~ 1/1~~1510‬‬ ‫~‪~1115 ~11~~~111, (1110 1/1‬‬
‫()‪~1 = 311), = 3‬‬
‫‪11111111.,011-(111111~~~~(11111~,‬‬ ‫()‪120.1‬‬ ‫‪5.47‬‬
‫‪= 1970.84~.‬‬ ‫‪~~01116~.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪)( 7.02/1970.84‬‬ ‫‪= 0.25‬‬ ‫‪0~ 25%.‬‬

‫‪(2-49), 10~ = 70.23‬‬
‫= ~‪110~~~, ~0 = 1~,,.,,‬‬
‫‪(1) 1/1~ 011111111‬‬ ‫‪9.472 )( 10 = 896.81~.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 11111111‬‬
‫‪110~~~ 1(1~10~, ~~ = 896.81/1970.84‬‬ ‫‪= 0.455‬‬ ‫‪(1(1~~111~).‬‬

‫‪~0(~.‬‬ ‫~‪01.1~ 10 111~ 0~1(1)1 (11181~, ~, 111~ 11.1110(1~~111(11~0~()011~111 01111()1.11 1111‬‬

‫‪~1.111~11115(1150 0~1(1)1~0 ~11111~5()~~110‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111()1.11‬‬
‫‪()11(15~ .,,011(18~.‬‬

‫‪97‬‬
‫‪58~. 4-7‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪1,.1‬‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪= ~.‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~3‬‬

‫‪~,.2‬‬ ‫‪1,.3‬‬
‫‪~~1/.0‬‬ ‫‪(0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0,,,‬‬ ‫~‪~~90,‬‬
‫‪~0~~~1(1/6‬‬ ‫‪1/0‬‬
‫‪~11/00‬‬ ‫~‪~08‬‬
‫‪(0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1(),,,‬‬
‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪03‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫‪~()2‬‬ ‫‪~()3‬‬ ‫)(~‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫‪(8) 8~~~~~1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪00‬‬

‫‪1/‬‬
‫‪~3.03‬‬ ‫‪~1.01‬‬ ‫‪~2.02‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪~~~.‬‬ ‫‪~3,03‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪001‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫__‬ ‫‪~__ 1/.0‬‬ ‫‪- --‬‬

‫‪1/00‬‬ ‫‪1/00‬‬
‫‪....‬‬‫‪...-‬‬ ‫‪~....--..,.--‬‬ ‫‪....‬‬ ‫‪------‬‬ ‫‪,.-‬‬
‫‪....‬‬
‫‪--‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪001‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~1/0‬‬
‫‪--‬‬
‫‪/‬‬

‫‪1/80‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1/00‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1/.0‬‬

‫‪~/‬‬
‫‪.-‬‬
‫‪......‬‬
‫‪/‬‬

‫‪......‬‬

‫‪~~7..‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪001‬‬
‫‪~,..1,~01‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪001‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪6+(1‬‬
‫‪~,..2,~02‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪001‬‬
‫‪~+(1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪~,.3. ~()3‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪001‬‬
‫‪~(),,,‬‬ ‫‪+ ,.‬‬ ‫‪~+(1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪6‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪001‬‬
‫‪18 = ~1‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪00/‬‬
‫‪~+(1‬‬ ‫‪11..‬‬

‫)~(~‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫~‪~81/610~01510‬‬
‫‪= 900‬‬
‫‪..1~~..~ 4-8‬‬ ‫‪1/1(~~-()/135~ 5~1111(011..,~(/~(.‬‬

‫‪98‬‬ ‫‪~0,,1~0//80 88~1~~~8~5‬‬ ‫‪~~0~.4‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪10..~~-~035‬‬ ‫‪5~1111~011~~..1~..5‬‬ ‫~‪3..‬‬ ‫‪1.15~0 111 11101.151..131 3~~11~3110115‬‬ ‫~‪1.1~ 10 10‬‬ ‫~(‪120-/‬‬
‫‪1~~~1,‬‬ ‫~‪~0~..‬‬ ‫‪011~-~1.130..3111‬‬ ‫‪0~~..311011‬‬ ‫‪15 ..~~1.11..~0.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~0~~..‬‬ ‫‪13~10..‬‬ ‫‪011015‬‬ ‫‪~011-‬‬
‫‪~~..1~..‬‬ ‫‪0~~..~35~5‬‬ ‫~‪35 10‬‬ ‫‪0~13)1‬‬ ‫‪31181~ 111~..~35~5,‬‬ ‫‪01.11 11 15 0~11~..‬‬ ‫‪10311 1031‬‬ ‫‪0110..~~-‬‬
‫~‪~035‬‬ ‫~~‪0311-~3‬‬ ‫‪~011~~..1~...‬‬ ‫‪~181.1..~ 4-83‬‬ ‫‪500~5‬‬ ‫~‪3 10..~~-~035‬‬ ‫‪5~1111~011~~..1~..‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬
‫~~‪3 01801)111101.1~11‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪3110 10~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪~1.1 ~111 035‬‬ ‫~‪3 11~8118101‬‬ ‫~‪.-1~~1‬‬ ‫‪~0111~111.‬‬
‫‪~181.1..~ 4-80‬‬ ‫‪500~5‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~3~~10..1115‬‬ ‫‪10.. 111~1.11 ~01138~5,‬‬ ‫‪01.11~1.11 ~01138~,‬‬ ‫‪111~1.11‬‬
‫‪~1.1 ~111, 3110 10~ ~1.1 ~11110..01.18010)1..1510..5‬‬ ‫‪3110 0100~5.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1..~~1.1~11~)1 01 01.11~1.11‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪~01138‬‬ ‫‪15 3/5.‬‬ ‫‪10~ 0~13)1 31181~, (1, ~311 0~ ~3..1~0‬‬ ‫‪1..0111 0 10‬‬ ‫‪01.1..1118 10~ ~~..100‬‬
‫‪())( ~ 7.../6,‬‬ ‫())(‬ ‫‪(.../6 + (1),‬‬
‫‪.../6‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪10)1..1510.. 11 15 10..~3..0‬‬ ‫‪0135~0.‬‬ ‫‪1111‬‬ ‫‪15 11..~0 31‬‬ ‫=‬
‫~‪11 3110 1)1 ~01101.1~1 3110 10‬‬ ‫~‪1111~-10-1111~ ~01138‬‬ ‫‪1130 3~~~3..5‬‬ ‫‪3~..055‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1030.‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬
‫())(‬
‫‪= 7.../6,1130513..15‬‬ ‫~‪10 0~ 11~8311~~ 3110 10~ 1..~~~0~~11118 0100~ 1)/11~01101.1~15. 10‬‬
‫‪1030‬‬ ‫~‪~1.1 ~111 ~01111111.1~5 10 110‬‬ ‫~‪10..01.1801)/11‬‬ ‫‪3110 11 3110 1)1 3..~ 11.1..11~0 011.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪1110~..‬‬ ‫‪~35‬‬
‫‪110 1..~~~0~~11118‬‬ ‫‪0100~,‬‬ ‫‪11 ~01.110 ~01111111.1~ 10 ~01101.1~11.11111110)1-‬‬
‫())(‬ ‫‪+ (1 3110 10~ 1..~~~0~~11118‬‬ ‫‪3~11011 ~01.110 0~ 3~~0111-‬‬
‫‪..1510.. 12 15 11..~0 31‬‬ ‫‪= 5.../6‬‬
‫‪(1 ~ .../3, ~3~010)1..1510..‬‬ ‫~‪~01101.1~15 10.. 2.../3 3110 10‬‬
‫‪~1150~0‬‬ ‫‪10..01.180 11 3110 1)2.‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫‪1..~~~0~~11118‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪1)/11 00~5‬‬ ‫‪1101 ~01101.1~1.‬‬
‫~~ ‪11‬‬ ‫~~‪0~1111~ 10~ 10..‬‬ ‫‪1111~-11~1.11..31 ~01138~5‬‬ ‫~‪35 10110~5‬‬

‫~‪110‬‬ ‫‪~ /115111‬‬ ‫(‬‫())(‬ ‫)~‪_ 2‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪10~ ~0‬‬ ‫~‪~5~01101118 1111~-10-1111~~01138~5 3..‬‬
‫~‪110‬‬ ‫‪= ~/115111(())( + 2~),‬‬

‫‪1100‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪110‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫~‪110‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪/11‬‬ ‫‪5111‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫())(‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫)~‬

‫‪1100‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪110‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫~‪110‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪/11‬‬ ‫‪5111‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫())(‬ ‫)~‪_ 5‬‬

‫‪1100‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪110~ -‬‬ ‫~‪110‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬ ‫‪~ /11 5111‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫())(‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫)~‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~0~..~ ~ /11 15 10~ ~~3/( ~035~ ~01138~ 01 3 ~)1~-~01111~~1~0 501.1..~~.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~0..‬‬ ‫~ ‪(1‬‬ ‫‪.../3,‬‬ ‫~~‪3110 015~01111111.101.15 01.11~1.11 ~01138‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪3~~..38‬‬ ‫~‪01.11~1.11 ~01138‬‬
‫‪15 101.1110 1..0111‬‬

‫)‪(4-54‬‬

‫‪5€~. 4-8‬‬
‫‪99‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪111~ 111(1)(111111111‬‬
‫~~‪(1~~((1‬‬ ‫~~‪0111~111 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪111(11 0~~11(8‬‬ ‫~ ‪(11 (1 0~1(1)1 (10~1~ 01‬‬ ‫‪= 0 18~(/,,1‬‬
‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪~ ,,/10 (100 111~ 00(111(1112~0‬‬ ‫~~‪(1~~((1‬‬ ‫~~‪0111~111 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫(‪~0‬‬
‫= ‪~ ,,‬‬ ‫)‪(4-55‬‬
‫‪~(/,,, = 0.5(1‬‬ ‫)~ ‪+ ~08‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(4-56‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪~~301()1‬‬ ‫‪4-7‬‬

‫‪~~~~31‬‬

‫‪80111.100‬‬
‫‪11~ = 0.5,‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫)~ ‪~,, = ~~00 = 0.5 ( 1 + ~08‬‬

‫‪~(~5‬‬

‫~ ‪3110‬‬
‫‪.. (/,,,‬‬

‫=‬
‫~‪(2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪10 0.‬‬
‫~~‪1~/~/~~~ 3‬‬

‫‪~,,,‬‬
‫~‪(4‬‬ ‫(‬
‫~‪15 ~, = 208/‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫‪111~ 1113)(111111111‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫()‪8102 (0‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫‪~)(3111~1~ 4-6 10( 111~ 111~~~-~1135~ 5~1111~01101.1~10~111~1~. 4-83.‬‬

‫~~‪111~ ~1135~ ~0113‬‬

‫~‬

‫= ‪= 120.1 ~, 11,,,‬‬
‫‪0111~1.11~0113~~ 15‬‬
‫_‬

‫~‪810 2‬‬
‫)~‬
‫))()‪(/(0‬‬

‫))‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪11,‬‬
‫)‪(4-54(1‬‬

‫)‪(4-55(1‬‬

‫‪169.83,‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪11,,,‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪169 83‬‬

‫=‪11,/,,,‬‬ ‫‪= 3‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫~ ‪= 280.9‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫~~‪111~ 3~~~3‬‬ ‫‪0111~111 ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪1/~0‬‬ ‫‪= 0.5‬‬ ‫()‬

‫‪280.9 = 140.45 ~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(3) ~0~ 0. ~ 10/3 3110 ~~. (4-55) ~1~~5 11~ ~ (1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~05 10/3)/2‬‬
‫‪= 75%.‬‬ ‫‪~1111 3‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~~51511~~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪3110 50%‬‬ ‫~~‪01.11~1.11, 111~ 01.11~1.11~0113‬‬ ‫‪15 015~01111111.101.15. ~~0111 ~~.‬‬
‫‪(4-55), 0.5 = 0.5(1 +‬‬ ‫‪~05 0.), ~111~11 ~1~~5 111~ 0~13)1 311~1~, 0.‬‬ ‫‪= 900.‬‬
‫~~‪(/)) 111~ 3~~~3‬‬ ‫= ‪01.11~1.11~1.1~~~111,/~0‬‬ ‫~‪1/~0/‬‬ ‫‪140.45/10‬‬
‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪14.05~.‬‬ ‫‪~~0111‬‬
‫‪~~. (4-56),‬‬

‫‪11,1115‬‬
‫~ =‬ ‫‪)( 169.83‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪)1/2‬‬
‫‪(10‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+ 0.55111 2‬‬ ‫)‪900‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 180.13‬‬
‫~‪(4‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪3110 111~~11151030 ~1.1~~~111,‬‬
‫‪/,1115= 180.13/10‬‬
‫‪= 18.01 ~.‬‬
‫‪(~) 111~ 3~~~3~~ ~1.1~~~111‬‬ ‫‪013 111)1~1510~,‬‬
‫‪/0, = /~0/3 = 14.05/3‬‬
‫~‪= 4.68 ~ 3110 111‬‬
‫‪~1115~1.1~(~111‬‬
‫‪01 3 111)1~1510~,‬‬
‫~ ‪/8., = /,111,/~ = 18.01‬‬ ‫‪= 10.4~.‬‬

‫‪100‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪(0) ~(0111 5().. (2-44) 111~(~~611~311011~111~1~11~~18‬‬
‫‪)( 14.05‬‬
‫‪140.45‬‬ ‫‪0( 68.8%‬‬ ‫‪0.688‬‬
‫= ‪18.01‬‬
‫)‪0‬‬
‫‪= 180.13‬‬ ‫()‬

‫)‪~1.1((~11118/, = /,,.,,, ~(2/3‬‬

‫~‪(~) 111~ (1118111~1.111111‬‬ ‫‪= 14.71~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111~1.11‬‬‫‪.-011-‬‬
‫‪)( 120.1 )( 14.71‬‬ ‫‪= 5300.‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 5().. (2-49),‬‬
‫= ‪3111~~(~ (3611~, ~1‬‬ ‫‪3~,/,‬‬ ‫‪= 3‬‬
‫‪10~ = 140.45‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪14.05/5300= 0.372.‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪~0~~(, ~0 = /~,.,,,~ = 18.012‬‬
‫‪(1) 111~ 01.11~1.11‬‬ ‫‪10 = 3243.6~.‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬
‫~~ ‪13~10( 18‬‬ ‫‪= 3243.6/5300‬‬ ‫‪= 0.612 (13~~111~).‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1-/0(~.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫(‪13~10‬‬ ‫(~‪18 0~11‬‬ ‫~‪10.311 10.31 01 10.(~~-~0.38‬‬ ‫~‪0.311-~3..‬‬ ‫‪~011-‬‬
‫‪..~(1~(8‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪10.(~~-~0.38‬‬ ‫‪~011..~(1~(8‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~)(1~1181..~1)1‬‬ ‫‪118~0‬‬ ‫‪111 11101181(131 3~~11~3110118‬‬ ‫~‪11~ 10 10.‬‬
‫‪(~~111(~0.‬‬ ‫‪~1~11(~ 4-% 80.0~8 311111-‬‬
‫~~‪120-‬‬ ‫‪1~..~1,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~0.‬‬ ‫‪1~0-~1130(31110~~(31101118‬‬
‫(~‪~011..~(1‬‬ ‫~‪~1(~1111 ~110.30.1~0.1)1111011~11..‬‬ ‫‪1030.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫‪10.)1(1810(8 3(~ 11(~0 31 3111111~(..31‬‬
‫‪3110 10.~ 1111~(111~ (~~111(~(11~111‬‬
‫‪01 ~/3.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫‪1(~~11~11~)1‬‬ ‫~‪01 0111~111 (1~~1‬‬ ‫~~‪..0113‬‬ ‫‪18 6./5‬‬ ‫()‪0‬‬
‫~‪18 1~88 10.311 10.31 0110.(~~-~0.38‬‬ ‫~‪8~(111- 3110 0.311-~3..‬‬ ‫‪~011..~(1~(8.‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪~/6 +‬‬
‫(‪~, 10.)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪1618 31(~30)1‬‬ ‫‪~011011~1111~ 3110 10.)1(1810( 11 18 111(11~0 011.‬‬ ‫‪011(111~ 1111~(..31‬‬
‫‪(~/6‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)~‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪0)( ~ (~/2‬‬ ‫‪+ ~), 10.)1(1810(8‬‬ ‫~‪11 3110 16 ~011011~1 300 10.~ 1111~-10-1111‬‬
‫()‪0‬‬
‫‪..0113~~,‬‬ ‫=( )‪1)~/‬‬ ‫‪1)~,, -‬‬ ‫‪1)/),,) 3~~~3(8‬‬ ‫‪3~(088 10.~ 1030.‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫(‪= ~/2 + ~, 10.)1(1810‬‬
‫‪12 18 11(~0‬‬ ‫(‪3110 10.)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪16 18 (~..~(8~0‬‬ ‫‪0138~0‬‬ ‫‪1(11(11~0131~1)1.‬‬ ‫~‪16 18 111(11~0 011 011‬‬
‫~ ()‪~) ~ 0‬‬ ‫‪(5~/6‬‬ ‫‪+ ~), 10.)1(1810(8‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪10 113111(31 ~0(11(11111311011.‬‬
‫‪11 3110 12 ~011011~1 3110 10.~ 1111~-10-1111~ ..0113~~,‬‬
‫‪10.)1(1810(8 3(~ 1111(110~(~0 38 80.0~11 111 ~1~. 4-93,‬‬
‫‪45,56,3110‬‬
‫‪111~111 ~11((~111,‬‬
‫‪61.‬‬
‫~‪011(111‬‬
‫‪1)3.0 3~~~3(8‬‬
‫‪1111~(..31 (~/2‬‬
‫‪3~(088 10.~ 1030.‬‬
‫‪10.~ 11(111~ 8~~11~11~~ 18 12,‬‬
‫‪+‬‬

‫‪~1~11(~ 4-90 80.0~810.~ ~3..~10((11810( 111~111..0113~~,0111~111..0113~~,‬‬

‫‪3110 ~11((~1118‬‬ ‫‪10.(011~0.10.)1(1810(8.‬‬
‫~‪1110.‬‬
‫‪23, 34,‬‬

‫~‪1110.‬‬ ‫‪1111~-11~111(31 ..0113~~8‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪0~1111~0‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬

‫‪1)/),,‬‬ ‫()‪~111 8111 (0‬‬

‫)~‪_ 2‬‬

‫()‪1)0,, = ~1118111 (0‬‬ ‫‪+ 2~),‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪10.~ ~0((~8~0110111‬‬ ‫~(‪1111~-10-1111~..0113~~8 3‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪1) ~/‬‬ ‫= ‪= 1)~,, - 1)/),,‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪111‬‬ ‫)~ ‪8111(0)( +‬‬

‫‪1)/)~ = 1)/),, -‬‬ ‫= ‪1)~,,‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪111‬‬

‫()‪8111 (0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫)~‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪8111‬‬ ‫‪0)(+‬‬

‫)‪1‬‬
‫~~‬ ‫= ‪= 1)~,, - 1)~,,‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪111‬‬
‫(‬ ‫)~‬

‫‪101‬‬
‫‪58~.4-9‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫‪15‬‬
‫‪= ~.‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~,‬‬

‫‪,,‬‬ ‫~~‪~~~~9/1‬‬
‫‪~,,0()01~1/9‬‬
‫‪~1/0‬‬ ‫‪~0010‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪12‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~,.1‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪+0‬‬

‫‪+ ~.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪..,1‬‬
‫‪1,.4‬‬ ‫‪~+0‬‬ ‫‪~+0‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪+ ~.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪..,1‬‬
‫‪~.= ~,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫(‪1‬‬ ‫‪..,1‬‬
‫‪+0‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪~+0‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪,.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪102‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪1(0((1‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪3~~(3‬‬ ‫~~‪0111~111 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪15 1011110‬‬

‫‪,,,-12+0.‬‬ ‫‪,,,-12+0.‬‬

‫‪1100‬‬ ‫~=‬
‫‪,,.‬‬ ‫‪1,,,-16+0.‬‬
‫‪1)(10 0(0)0‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪~,,.‬‬
‫‪1,,,-16+0.‬‬
‫‪011111‬‬ ‫‪5111‬‬
‫(‬‫‪0)( +‬‬ ‫‪~ 0(0)0‬‬
‫)‪6‬‬ ‫)‪(4-57‬‬

‫~~‪111~ ((13)(1((111((13~~(3‬‬ ‫~ ‪0111~111 ~0113~~ 10( 0~13~ 311~1~,‬‬ ‫‪0 15‬‬

‫‪11,)111‬‬
‫‪= 3‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~ 111/,,..‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~‪3110 111~ 110(((13112~0 3~~(3‬‬ ‫‪0111~111 ~0113~~ 15‬‬

‫)‪(4-58‬‬

‫‪~)(301()1~ 4-8‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~~. (4-59),‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~~~~31 ~)(3111~1~ 4-6 10( 10.~ 10.(~~-~0.35~ 11111~011.,,~(1~( 111~1~. 4-93.‬‬

‫~‪80/11110010.~ ~0.35~.,,0113~~,~5 = 208/‬‬

‫‪= 0.5,31108. = 10 0. 111~ 1113)(111111111‬‬
‫‪)( 169.83/,,.‬‬

‫= ‪~,,,,,‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪0111~111‬‬

‫()‬
‫~ ‪.,,0113~~,~0,,, = )(3‬‬
‫‪= 280.9~. 111~3.,,~(3~~ 0111~111.,,0113~~,‬‬

‫‪169.83‬‬

‫‪3110 111~(1115~11((~111,/,,,,, = 159.29/10 = 15.93 ~.‬‬

‫= ‪~00‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬

‫(‬‫~‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪280.9‬‬
‫‪600.‬‬
‫= ‪(3) ~(0111 ~~. (4-58), 0.5 = ~05 0., 3110 111~0~13~ 311~1~, 0.‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫~ = ‪= 120.1 ~, ~,,,‬‬
‫~ ‪~,,,/,,. = 3‬‬
‫‪= 140.45~.‬‬

‫‪(0) 111~ 3.,,~(3~~ 0111~111~11((~111,/00 = ~0)8. = 140.45/10 = 14.05~.‬‬

‫‪~05‬‬

‫‪(~) 10.~ 3.,,~(3~~ ~11((~11101 3 111~(1510(, /0, = /00/3 = 14.05/3 = 4.68 ~, 3110‬‬
‫‪(2‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫)‪600‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪1/2‬‬

‫‪= 159.29~,‬‬
‫)‪(4-59‬‬

‫‪~, = 169.83, ~0‬‬

‫‪~(0111‬‬

‫‪111~ (1115 ~11((~111 01 3 111~(1510(,‬‬ ‫‪/~,‬‬ ‫=‬

‫‪/,,,,,‬‬ ‫‪/216 = 15.93 /216 = 9.2 ~.‬‬
‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪~(0111‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(2-44‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~~1111~311011‬‬ ‫~~‪~111~1~11‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫()‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪140.45‬‬ ‫‪14.05‬‬
‫‪0( 77.8%‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪= 159.29‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪15.93 = 0.778‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(~) 111~ (1115111~1111111~~11(1~111, /, = /,,,,,‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~(~~‪= 13 ~ 3110 111~ 111~111.,,011-3111‬‬

‫‪)( 120.1 )( 13 = 4683.9~.‬‬ ‫~‪~(0111 ~~. (2-49), 10‬‬ ‫‪= 140.45‬‬
‫‪(31111~,~1 = 3~,/,‬‬ ‫‪= 3‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪14.05/4683.9 = 0.421.‬‬ ‫‪)( 10 = 2537.6~.‬‬
‫‪(1) 111~ 0111~111~0~~(, ~0 = /~,,,,8. = 15.932‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬
‫‪13~10(, ~~ = 2537.6/4683.9‬‬ ‫‪= 0.542 (13~~111~).‬‬
‫‪5~((11~011~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪0111‬‬
‫‪1-10(€.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫(‪13~10‬‬ ‫~‪15 1~55 111311 11131 01111(~~-~1135‬‬
‫~‪111~11~( 111311 11131 01111(~~-~1135‬‬ ‫~~‪11311-~3‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(5.‬‬

‫‪103‬‬
‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪4-9‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~)‪~~301..‬‬ ‫‪4-9‬‬

‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫~‪~11~~~111 01 3 1/1~~~-~/138‬‬ ‫‪11111~011~~~1~~ 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪4-93‬‬ ‫‪18 ~0111111110118~11/1 3‬‬
‫‪11~~11~101~ ~1~~1~ ~0111~111.‬‬ ‫‪(3) ~)(~~~88‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 111~111~11~~~111111~011~1~~ 8~~1~8, 3110 0~1~~-‬‬
‫‪111111~1/1~ /13~1110111~ 13~10~ 01111~111 ~11~~~111, 1-1~~ 018~13~~111~111 13~10~,‬‬ ‫~~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪3110 1/1‬‬
‫~~~‪111~111~0‬‬ ‫‪13~10~, ~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫~ ‪111/1~ 0~13~ 311~1~,‬‬
‫(‪= 71/3 3110 1/1~ ~~3/‬‬ ‫~‪111~111~/138‬‬
‫‪~0113~~,‬‬ ‫= ‪~,,,‬‬ ‫‪169.83~,‬‬ ‫‪~31~11131~ ~~, 1-1~, 0~,‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~~.‬‬

‫‪80)0~)00‬‬ ‫‪(3) 1/1~ ~3~~10~111‬‬ ‫‪10~ 111~111~11~~~11118 8/10~11 111 ~1~. 4-90‬‬ ‫‪3110 1/1~ 11181311-‬‬
‫‪1311~0118 111~111~11~~~11101 3 ~/138~ ~311 0~ ~)(~~~88~0‬‬ ‫‪1113 ~011~1~~ 8~~1~8 38‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‬

‫‪11(() = 1~0 +‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪11=1,2,..‬‬
‫‪((1~ ~08‬‬ ‫()‪/10‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)()‪/)~ 8111 /10‬‬ ‫)‪(4-60‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫= ~)‪/‬‬

‫‪= 0‬‬
‫‪= 0‬‬

‫=‬
‫‪- -‬‬
‫‪41.‬‬
‫‪/171‬‬

‫~‪~ )0(2‬‬
‫‪71‬‬

‫‪41. . /171‬‬
‫‪/171‬‬
‫‪8111‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪8111‬‬
‫‪/171‬‬
‫‪-3‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫~‪8111 /1‬‬

‫‪10~ /1 = 2, 4, 6, ...‬‬

‫)()‪11(() 8111/10)( (/( 0‬‬

‫~‪~08 /1‬‬

‫‪10~ /1 = 2, 4, 6, ...‬‬
‫‪10~ /1‬‬ ‫‪= 1,3,5, ...‬‬

‫‪1,3,5,‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫)((‪11‬‬ ‫‪~ 0‬‬
‫‪11=1,2,..‬‬
‫)~~ ‪1~ 8111 (/10)( +‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫~‬
‫~~‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1311 - 1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪- /1‬‬ ‫)‪(4-61‬‬
‫)‪/‬‬
‫~‬

‫)‪(4-62‬‬

‫‪104‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪= -1.‬‬
‫‪71‬‬
‫‪= 0.77971.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪0115 111~111 ~11,,~111,‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫~‪(5,,/6+‬‬

‫= ‪1,‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪2-‬‬
‫~‪271 ),,/6+‬‬
‫)())((‪1~ 0‬‬
‫)‬ ‫‪= 1.‬‬ ‫‪~/~3 = 0.81651.‬‬
‫‪_ 1)1/2‬‬ ‫‪_ 1)1/2‬‬
‫~‪11‬‬ ‫‪= ((~)2‬‬ ‫‪= ((~)2‬‬ ‫‪= 0.3108 0, 31.08%‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0~ = ~05 ~1 = ~05 -0.‬‬

‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫~‪= 0.95490‬‬

‫‪~~ = -~05‬‬ ‫‪-0.‬‬ ‫‪= -~050.‬‬
‫‪1,‬‬ ‫‪71‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫= ‪~05 600‬‬
‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪~0,‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫= ~‪= 71/3, 1/~ = ~05 (71/3) = 0.5 ~11,11~ = 31.08%, 0‬‬
‫‪0.5, (1110~~ = 0.478 (1(1~~111~).‬‬

‫‪,..,0(~.‬‬ ‫~(‪11..,.,~ ~001()3‬‬ ‫~‪10~ ()0..,.,~( 13~10( ..,.,1101031 01 ~~301()1‬‬ ‫~‪4-8, ..,.,0~(~ 10‬‬

‫~‪1030 15 ()0(~1)1 (~51511~~, ..,.,~ ~311 11011~~ 1031 10~ 111()01 ()0..,.,~( 13~10( 0~()~1105 011 10‬‬
‫‪()0..,.,~( 13~10( 0110~ 1030.‬‬

‫‪(~()01(~0‬‬ ‫‪3110 10(~~-‬‬

‫~(‪3‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪111 013(1)1 ~3(1301~-5()~~0‬‬
‫~‪()035‬‬
‫~(‪~1~0‬‬
‫‪0031‬‬
‫‪4-103‬‬
‫‪~01111~~1~0‬‬
‫‪~011~~(1~(5‬‬

‫~~‪03‬‬
‫‪0(1~~5,‬‬
‫‪3(~ ~~1~1151~~1)105~0‬‬
‫~‪500..,.,5 10(~~-()035‬‬
‫‪10 03~~.‬‬
‫~‪1311~005 ~0113~~ 0111~(~11~~5 0~1..,.,~~1110‬‬
‫‪~0((~111110..,.,5‬‬ ‫~‪10(00~010‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(5.‬‬
‫~~‬
‫‪10~ 100(-()030(3111‬‬
‫~~‪111 3()()11~3110115 0() 10 10~ 2000-‬‬
‫‪0031 ~011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫~‪..,.,0~(~ 1..,.,0 10(~~-()035‬‬
‫~~‪03‬‬ ‫‪5~~11 111 5~~11011‬‬
‫‪0()~(311011‬‬

‫‪001()01 ~0113~~5 01 ~011~~(1~(5,‬‬

‫‪10~ ~1(~0131111~ ~0((~11115‬‬
‫‪1~~~1.‬‬
‫‪~011~~(1~(5‬‬
‫‪4-5‬‬
‫‪15‬‬

‫‪1031‬‬
‫~‪3 ~1(~0131111‬‬
‫‪110(01311)1110111~0‬‬
‫~‪00‬‬ ‫‪10 10~ 11151311-‬‬

‫‪1..,.,0 ~011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪3(~ ~0111(011~0‬‬

‫~‪0)1 ~1(~0131111‬‬ ‫‪(~3~10(,‬‬ ‫‪1.~ 35 500..,.,11111 ~1~. 4-103.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬

‫‪11150~0‬‬ ‫‪3..,.,3)11031110.1‬‬ ‫(~‪15 10~ 0~13)1 311~1~ 01 ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫(~‪1, 10~ 0~13)1 311~1~ 01 ~011~~(1‬‬
‫‪2 15 0.2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪71‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪0.1.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~0‬‬ ‫‪4-100‬‬ ‫‪500..,.,5 10~ ..,.,3~~10(015 10( 111()01 ~0113~~5,‬‬ ‫‪001()01‬‬
‫‪~0113~~5,‬‬ ‫~~‪3110 10~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪3~(055‬‬ ‫(‪11100~10‬‬ ‫‪1.~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪0()~(311011‬‬ ‫‪01 ~3~0‬‬ ‫(~‪~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫~‪~)(3~11)1 5101113( 10 1031 0110(~~-()035‬‬ ‫‪1011 ~011~~(1~(.‬‬ ‫~‪00(111‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1111~(~31 (71/6‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪1)(1/) 3()()~3(5‬‬ ‫‪3~(055‬‬ ‫‪10~ 001()01‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫~~‪0.1) ~ 0)( ~ (71/2 + 0.1), 10~ 1111~-10-1111~ ~0113‬‬
‫(~‪~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪1 3110 1)/)0 3()()~3(5‬‬ ‫(~‪3~(055 ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪2.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪3(~ 0~1111~0‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬
‫~‪1110‬‬ ‫‪1111~-11~01(31‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~5‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫_‬
‫‪1)/)(/‬‬ ‫‪~,,,‬‬ ‫()‪5111 (0‬‬ ‫)~‪2‬‬

‫‪1)0(/‬‬ ‫‪~,,,‬‬ ‫()‪5111 (0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)~‪2‬‬

‫‪105‬‬
‫‪58~. 4-10‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~~~0 2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪-~-‬‬
‫‪..,‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪..,‬‬ ‫‪- +‬‬
‫‪..-3‬‬ ‫‪..-5‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪-~-‬‬
‫‪(.‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪..-2.‬‬ ‫‪.6.‬‬ ‫‪..-4.‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪~8,‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪..,01‬‬ ‫‪~~~0,‬‬
‫‪..,02‬‬
‫‪(0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~~,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~..,0‬‬
‫‪~..-6‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(0) ~8..,810~,,,5‬‬

‫~‪..1~11..‬‬ ‫‪4-10‬‬ ‫~‪1/1(~~-~/135‬‬ ‫‪01131‬‬ ‫‪~011..,~((~(.‬‬

‫‪106‬‬
 ‫‪.,,01138~5‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ~(‪3‬ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪111~ ~0((~5()000108‬‬ ‫~‪110~-10-110‬‬

‫= ‪1),,/1‬‬ ‫‪1),,11 -‬‬ ‫= ‪1)/111‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪111‬‬

‫‪510‬‬ ‫‪(0)( +‬‬
‫)~‬

‫‪1)/10‬‬ ‫)‪1‬‬
‫‪/111 -‬‬ ‫‪1)011‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪111‬‬ ‫‪510‬‬ ‫()‪(0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)~‬

‫)‪1‬‬ ‫‪0,, = 1)011-‬‬ ‫=‪1),,11‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪111‬‬

‫‪510‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪0)( +‬‬
‫)~‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1(1)01 300 1)02 3(~ 111~ 0111()111 .,,01138~5 01 ~00.,,~(1~(5 1 300 2, 111~ 105130130~0115‬‬
‫‪0)( =5 (,,./2 + ~1) 15‬‬
‫‪.,,01138~ 3~(055 111~ 10011~10( 011(108 101~(.,,31 (,,./6 + ~1) =5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(4-63‬‬

‫)‪(4-64‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪111~ ~1(~11131108‬‬
‫‪0~~0((1~5‬‬

‫‪111~ ~00.,,~(1~(5‬‬
‫‪~11((~010~()~005‬‬
‫‪((13)(1((111((1‬‬

‫‪(~51111 01 (1()()1~ .,,01138~ 3~(055‬‬

‫‪~11~0‬‬

‫~‪~01110 0~ ~001101101151‬‬
‫()‪0‬‬

‫‪(1100108‬‬
‫‪111~ 10011~10(.‬‬
‫~‪00 0~13‬‬
‫‪= 2,,./3 300 ~1 = 0.‬‬
‫~‪3081‬‬

‫‪011~ 10 111~ ~1(~11131108 ~11((~01 35 3‬‬

‫‪11115 3110~5 5((100111 (~.,,~(531‬‬ ‫‪011030‬‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪0010011~130~~,‬‬ ‫‪1._.‬‬
‫‪~.,,~0 ~11110111 30~ ~)(1~(0311030,‬‬
‫‪11115 ~11((~01‬‬

‫‪~11((~01 011(108 111~ ~11308~ 0.,,~( 1(0((1 00~ ().1130(301 0()~(31100‬‬ ‫(~‪10 300111‬‬ ‫‪300 ()(0-‬‬
‫(‪((1010‬‬ ‫‪0(1.,,~5.‬‬
‫~‪.,,10~5 1351 0~03((11‬‬ ‫‪(~5()005~5,‬‬ ‫~‪~5()~~1311‬‬ ‫‪10( ~1~~1(1~31‬‬

‫‪~00.,,~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪0~()~005‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫~‪0~13‬‬ ‫~‪3081‬‬ ‫‪~, 30015‬‬

‫(~~‪111~ ()0‬‬ ‫(‪13~10‬‬ ‫‪01 ()1135~-~001(011~0‬‬
‫‪~00.,,~(1~(5‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪10 8~0~(31‬‬ ‫‪10~,‬‬ ‫~‪~5()~~1311‬‬ ‫~‪31 111~ 10‬‬ ‫~‪0111()111 .,,01138‬‬ ‫‪(308~.‬‬ ‫~‪111~5‬‬
‫~‪1((1()(0.,,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10()111‬‬
‫~‪8~0~(31‬‬ ‫‪113(((1001~5‬‬ ‫‪1010 111~ 511()()1~.‬‬ ‫‪)=10(~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0((1((1111311005‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫(~~‪()0‬‬ ‫(‪13~10‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~~‪(~011‬‬ ‫‪111~ 113(((1001~5‬‬ ‫‪1~.,,~15.‬‬ ‫~‪111~5‬‬ ‫‪10(~~0-~0((1((111131100‬‬ ‫‪1~~11-‬‬
‫‪~00.,,~(5100.‬‬ ‫‪~1111 111~ 30.,,30~~((1~01‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫~(‪01().11~5 3‬‬ ‫‪0~~0((1108‬‬ ‫~‪311(3~11.,,‬‬ ‫~‪10 3~-0‬‬
‫(~~‪()0‬‬ ‫(‪5~((11~00011~10‬‬ ‫‪0~.,,1~~5‬‬ ‫‪(~.8.,‬‬ ‫‪831~-111(0-011111~(1510(5),‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0((1((111-‬‬
‫‪131100‬‬ ‫‪~30 0~ 1((1()1~((1~01~010‬‬ ‫‪()(3~11~315~51~((15.‬‬ ‫‪10 11115 5~~1100 111~ 0351~ 1~~1101().11~5‬‬
‫‪0110(~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0((1((111131100‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~‪3~-0‬‬ ‫‪~00.,,~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 015~1155~0 300 ~30 0~ ~1355111~0 35‬‬

‫~‪10110~5‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪~)(110~1100‬‬ ‫~‪3081‬‬ ‫‪~001(01‬‬

‫‪107‬‬
‫‪56~. 4-11‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫)‪5~111111~1(1~(1‬‬ ‫~‪(11181‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬

‫‪3. ~1115~-~10101110(11)(111011‬‬
‫‪4. 5111115010(11))1115~-~101011100111(111011‬‬

‫~(‪~1811‬‬ ‫‪4-11(1‬‬ ‫‪500~5‬‬ ‫~‪(1 511181~-))0(15‬‬ ‫‪5~1111~011~~(1~(,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪10~(1510(5‬‬

‫~(‪/1 (1110 /2 (1‬‬
‫‪(~))1(1~~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 5~11~0~5‬‬ ‫‪51 (1110 52.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪5~11~01118‬‬ ‫‪(1~110115 0~ 51 (1110‬‬
‫‪52 ~(111 0~ ))~(~0(111~0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~~‪8(11~-111(11-0‬‬ ‫‪10~(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪(0105).‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~0(1((1~1~(1511~5‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0105‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 511~0 10(11‬‬
‫‪0105‬‬ ‫‪~(111 0~ 111(11~0 011 0~ (1))))1~1118 (1 500(1‬‬ ‫~~‪))05111‬‬ ‫~‪))11)5~ 10 115 8(11~ (15 111 10~ ~(15‬‬
‫‪0~ 110(111(1) 10~(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪(1110 111(11~0 0~~ 0~ (1))))1~1118 (1 500(1‬‬ ‫‪11~8(111~~ ))11)5~ 10 115 8(11~.‬‬
‫‪111 (111 ~)(1111~11011 (11181~ ~0111(01,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪5~11~0‬‬ ‫()‪51 15 111(11~0 011 (11 0‬‬
‫‪= 0 (111015‬‬
‫‪111(11~0 0~~ 0~ ~0(~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111111111(111011‬‬
‫()‪(11 0‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪10 -‬‬ ‫‪(3. 10~ 5~11~0 52 15 111(11~0 011 (11‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫()‪0‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪10 (1110 15 111(11~0‬‬ ‫~~‪0‬‬ ‫()‪(11 0‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪(210 -‬‬ ‫‪(3).‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 0111))111~011(18~ 15 ~0111(011~0 0‬‬
‫‪~(1(~1118‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~)(1111~11011 (11181~,‬‬ ‫‪(3.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1811‬‬ ‫‪4-110‬‬ ‫‪500~5‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~(1~~~0(1115‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪111))111‬‬
‫‪~011(18~,‬‬ ‫‪0111))111 ~011(18~,‬‬ ‫‪111))111 ~11((~111,‬‬ ‫(‪(1110 10~ ~11((~11110(0118010~(1510‬‬ ‫‪5~11(0~5.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~11110(1111~111(11 ~0111))011~111‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111))111 (11((~111‬‬ ‫‪1~(105‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪111))111 ~011(18~,‬‬ ‫~‪(1110 10‬‬
‫‪(15))1(1~~111~111‬‬ ‫(‪~(1~10‬‬ ‫(~~‪((1110 ))0‬‬ ‫)(‪~(1(10‬‬ ‫‪15 )~(101118.‬‬ ‫~‪111 50111‬‬ ‫‪(1))))11~(1110115,‬‬ ‫‪1015‬‬
‫~)‪~~(1111(~ 111(1~ 0~ 0~51((10‬‬ ‫~‪10 51111111(11~(1 ~(1))(1~111~~ 10(10 (1110 10 (0111))~115(11‬‬ ‫~‪~0( )111‬‬
‫~‪~0)1(18‬‬ ‫‪0(0))5.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪,.,1‬‬

‫‪~51‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪,.,1‬‬
‫‪1(-(3‬‬
‫‪~52‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪~51‬‬
‫‪~~,.,1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫(‪1‬‬
‫‪~0,,,‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪..,0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪,.,1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~52‬‬
‫‪0,,,‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪108‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪,.,1‬‬

‫‪211‬‬
‫‪~51‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪,.,1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~53‬‬

‫‪,.,1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~54‬‬
‫‪~51‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪,.,1‬‬
‫‪~52‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪(.‬‬ ‫‪,.,1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪11-/3‬‬ ‫‪211- /3‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫~‪~1‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪,.,1‬‬
‫‪-1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~~82‬‬
‫‪)0‬‬
‫)‪-‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪~54‬‬ ‫‪~52‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪(8) 0~~~~~1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪(0) ,,,.,,8~810~~5‬‬
‫‪,.,1‬‬

‫)‪(4-65‬‬

‫‪(100 ~00 ~(10 0~ ~(1(1~0 1(0111 2~ /,/,,. 10 0 0)1 ~(1()110~ ~ 1(0111 0 10 ,,..‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(1115 001~01‬‬
‫‪~011(1~~ 15 ~1~~0 0)1‬‬

‫)‪(4-66‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~1~0(~ 4-12(1 500~5 (1 510~1~-~0(15~ 101/ ~00~~(1~(,‬‬ ‫‪~0~(~ 10)1(1510(511,‬‬ ‫‪12, 13,‬‬
‫‪(100 14 (1(~ (~~1(1~~0 0)110(~~0-~011111101(11~0 5~11~0~5 51,52,53,‬‬ ‫‪(100 54. 10~ 5~11~0~5‬‬
‫())(‬ ‫())(‬ ‫‪,,.‬‬
‫‪51 (100 52 (1(~ 10(0~0 00 51111011(10~0051)1 (11‬‬ ‫‪= 0 (100 (1(~ 10(0~0 011 (11‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫=‬
‫())(‪(1(~ 10(0~0 00 (11‬‬ ‫())( ‪,,. (100 (1(~ 10(0~0 011 (11‬‬
‫‪~. 10~ 5~11~0~5 53 (100 54‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪2,,. -~.‬‬ ‫‪~0( (101000~11~~ 10(10, 10~ 1(~~~0~~110~ ~(1101110510~~(0~10~0 0)15~11~0~5‬‬
‫‪5154 0( 5352. 10~ 11(10~ 5~().0~0~~ ~0010 0~ 12, 14, 43, (100 32. ~1~0(~ 4-120‬‬

‫‪58~. 4-11‬‬ ‫‪109‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪8110~8‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~3~~10(1118‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪1111=/1.11‬‬
‫‪~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪01.111=/1.11~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪1111=/1.11~1.1((~111,‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111 111(01.1~11 8~11~11~8.‬‬ ‫‪83~11‬‬ ‫‪8~11~11‬‬ ‫(‪~01101.1~18 10‬‬ ‫‪1800‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫(~‪11118 ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪01=/~(31~0‬‬ ‫‪38 3 8~1111~011~~(1~(.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪1(~~~11~~1111‬‬ ‫‪3~6011‬‬ ‫‪18 3~~01111=/11811~0 111(01.1~11‬‬
‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪8~11~11~8‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪83111~ 3(111.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 3~~(32‬‬ ‫‪3110 (1118 01.111=/1.11‬‬
‫~‪~01132‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~)(~(~88~0‬‬
‫‪0~ 8(). (4-65) 3110 8(). (4-66), (~81=/~~6~~1~.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪1=/~(10(111311‬‬ ‫‪01 8~1111- 3110 11.111~011~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫‪~1111 ~)(611~6011‬‬ ‫‪311~1~ ~0111(01‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪81111113( 10 11131 ~1111 1=/1138~-31121~ ~0111(01,‬‬ ‫(~~‪~)(~~1=/1 111~ 1=/0‬‬ ‫(‪13~10‬‬ ‫‪18 1~30111~.‬‬
‫~‪~11111=/1138~-311~1‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01,‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ 1=/0‬‬ ‫(‪13~10‬‬ ‫‪18 13~~111~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪111~ 8~111111~1(1~31 311~1~ ~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪3110~8‬‬ ‫‪011~-()1.130(3111‬‬ ‫‪01=/~(311011 3110 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪4-113‬‬ ‫‪8110~8‬‬
‫(~‪3 8111~1~-1=/1138~ 8~1111~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪~1111 10(~~0-~01111111.1131~0‬‬ ‫‪8~11~11~8‬‬ ‫‪51‬‬ ‫‪3110 52.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫())(‬ ‫())(‬ ‫‪+ ~)/2.‬‬
‫‪8~11~11 51 18 11.1(11~0 011 31‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(10‬‬ ‫‪= ~)/2‬‬ ‫‪3110 18 11.1(11~0 011 31‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(10‬‬
‫())( ‪111~ 8~11~11 52 18 11.1(11~0 011 31‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(310‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~)/2‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪01131‬‬
‫())(‬
‫=‬ ‫‪(310 + ~)/2.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~~‪01.111=/1.11~0113‬‬ ‫‪18 ~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫~‪0~ ~3(~111‬‬ ‫‪~01101.1~11011 311~1~,~.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~1.1‬‬ ‫‪4-13‬‬ ‫‪8110~8‬‬
‫‪111~ ~3~~10(1118‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪1111=/1.11‬‬
‫‪~01132~,‬‬ ‫‪01.111=/1.11~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪1111=/1.11‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111,‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~ ~1.1((~111‬‬
‫‪111(01.1~11 8~11~11~8.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪11.11103111~11131 ~01111=/011~111 011111=/1.11 ~1.1((~111 18 )11 1=/1138~ ~1111‬‬
‫‪111~ 1111=/1.11‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫(‪3110 111~ 0181=/13~~111~11113~10‬‬ ‫‪18 1.11111~. 111~(~10(~,‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ 1=/0‬‬ ‫(‪13~10‬‬

‫ﺔ‬‫‪18 11111=/(0~~0.‬‬

‫(‪,.,‬‬
‫‪2..‬‬ ‫‪~3..‬‬

‫‪~2..‬‬
‫(‪,.,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫(‪,.,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪110‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~ ‪2~,,, .‬‬
‫‪- 10‬‬ ‫‪8111 -‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪(4-67‬‬

‫‪3110 ~00 ~311 0~ ~3(1~0‬‬ ‫~‪1(0111 2~ ,,,/10 10 0 0~ ~3(~111‬‬ ‫‪~ 1(0111‬‬ ‫‪0 10 10.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (1118 001~01‬‬

‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫~‪18 ~1~~11 0‬‬

‫)‪(4-68‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~))(‪~)(301‬‬ ‫‪4-10‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪111~ 5111151~-~1135~11111~011~~(1~( 111~115. 4-12315‬‬ ‫‪0~~(31~0‬‬ ‫‪~11115~(11(11~1(1~31311151~ ~0111(01.‬‬
‫‪111~ 1030 ~11((~111 ~1111 311 3~~(315~ ~3111~ 01/0, 15 ~011611110115, ~11~(~ 111~ (1~~1~ ~0111~111‬‬
‫~‪15 11~151115101~. (3) ~)(~(~55 111~ 111~111~11((~111 01 ~011~~(1~( 111~011(1~( 5~(1~5, 0~1~((11111‬‬
‫‪111~ 113((110111~ 13~10( 01111~111 ~11((~111, 11~~ 015~13~~(11~11113~10(,‬‬ ‫~~))‬ ‫(~~‪3110 111~111~0‬‬
‫‪13~10(,‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫‪~011011~11011‬‬ ‫‪311151~ 15 (3‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪-../3‬‬ ‫()‪3110 111~ ~~3‬‬ ‫~‪111~111 ~011315‬‬ ‫‪15 ~,,,‬‬
‫‪169.83...,,‬‬ ‫‪~31~11131~ ~~0‬‬ ‫‪~(,,.,,, 11~, ))~,‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~~.‬‬
‫=‬

‫‪80)01100‬‬ ‫‪(3) 111~ ~3~~10((11‬‬ ‫‪10( 111~01 ~11((~11115 5110~11 111 ~115. 4-13‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~ /1151311-‬‬
‫‪1311~005 111~111~11((~111 ~311 0~ ~)(~(~55~0‬‬ ‫(~‪111~011(1‬‬ ‫‪5~(1~5 35‬‬
‫~‬

‫‪1(() = /~0 +‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪11=1,2,..‬‬
‫‪((./~ ~05‬‬ ‫())(‪11‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫)())(‪/)~ 5111 11‬‬ ‫)‪(4-69‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪= 0‬‬

‫‪2-,,‬‬ ‫‪4/0.‬‬ ‫‪11(3‬‬

‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫)())( (‪( . 11())(..-1‬‬ ‫‪= 1, 3, . . .‬‬
‫‪1( ) 5111‬‬
‫‪10( 11‬‬
‫‪~ = - 1‬‬ ‫‪= - 5111-‬‬
‫‪-.. 0‬‬ ‫‪11-..‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪= 0‬‬ ‫‪10( 11 = 2, 4, . . .‬‬

‫‪5111~~ /~0 = 0, ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(4-69‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ ~(111~11 35‬‬
‫~‬

‫)‪(4-70‬‬
‫)((‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪-0‬‬ ‫)~~ ‪(11())( +‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪/~ 5111‬‬
‫‪,.,= 1,2,..‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫) ‪(4-71‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪((115 ~3111‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫~‪11111113((110111‬‬ ‫‪111~01 ~11((~111‬‬ ‫‪15 151~~11 35‬‬

‫= ‪/‬‬
‫_‬‫‪1‬‬
‫‪( (./2 +‬‬ ‫‪/)2‬‬ ‫‪) 1/2‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪-5111-‬‬
‫‪-0‬‬ ‫‪/0‬‬ ‫‪11(3‬‬
‫) ‪(4-72‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪-0‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫‪11-..‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪111‬‬
‫‪5€~. 4-11‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(4-73‬‬

‫~~‪. .‬‬
‫‪1=1‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫)‪(4-74‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬

‫)~((‬
‫‪11~ --‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫)‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫‪( 4(1‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬

‫)~ ‪- ~08‬‬
‫‪- 1‬‬
‫)‬ ‫)‪(4-75‬‬

‫‪0~ = ~08 ~1 = 1‬‬ ‫)‪(4-76‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪2 -0‬‬
‫= ~~‬
‫)~(‬
‫‪1$‬‬
‫= ~‪0‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‪8111‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪(4-77‬‬

‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫=~‬ ‫~‪10/3 (11100‬‬ ‫‪= 1.0.‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 ~~. (4-67),‬‬

‫)‪)( 16~83‬‬
‫= ‪~00‬‬ ‫‪(2‬‬ ‫‪8111‬‬
‫~ ‪~ = 54.06‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~(0111 ~~. (4-68),‬‬

‫‪1. = 1.‬‬
‫_~‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪= 0.57741.‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬

‫= ~‪11‬‬
‫)~((‬ ‫)‪1‬‬ ‫‪= 0.803 0( 80.3%‬‬

‫= ~~‬ ‫=~‬ ‫)~‪0.7797 (1(1~~111‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬

‫‪1-101~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫(‪1(1~10‬‬ ‫‪18 1111~(0~~0‬‬ ‫‪81~11111~(1111)1, ~~~11 111~11~( 111311 11131 01‬‬
‫~‪111~ 8111~1~-~1138‬‬ ‫‪8~(1~8‬‬ ‫(~‪11.111~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪4-63.‬‬ ‫‪1-(0~~~~(,‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 113(1110111~ 13~10‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪18 111~(~38~0.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~~‪11111~ 01.11~1.11~0113‬‬ ‫~‪018111~1~-~1138‬‬ ‫‪8~1111- 0( 11.111~011~~(1~(818‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 ~3()1111‬‬

‫(~~ ~‪111~ 0~13)1 311~1~, ~)(1111~11011 311~1~, 0( 8)1111111~1(1~31 311~1~, 111~(~ 18 0111)1 011~ ~1.118‬‬
‫~‪11311-~)1~1~ 111 111~ 111~1.11 ~1.1((~111 01111‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(,‬‬ ‫(~‪3110 38 3 (~81.111 111~ 10~~81-0(0‬‬
‫‪113(1110111~ 18 111~ 1111(0.‬‬ ‫(~‪11 18 01111~1.111 10 1111~( 01.11 111~ 10~~(-0(0‬‬ ‫‪113(1110111~8.‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬
‫‪~1.118~-~10111-111001.11311011‬‬ ‫)~~~(‬ ‫‪~0111(01,‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪8~11~11~8‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪11.1(11~0 011 3110‬‬
‫‪0118~~~(3111111~8‬‬ ‫~~‪01.1(111~ 3 11311-~)1~1~ 3110 111~ 01.11~1.11 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪18 ~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 ~(1()1111‬‬

‫‪112‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪..,1‬‬
‫‪3..‬‬

‫‪..,1‬‬
‫‪3..‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪..,1‬‬
‫‪3..‬‬

‫‪..,1‬‬ ‫‪..1~11..~ 4-14‬‬ ‫‪.,1115~-~101/1-111001113.11011‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01.‬‬

‫‪111~ ~10111‬‬ ‫‪01 ~1118~8.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~11‬‬ ‫‪4-14‬‬ ‫‪8110~8‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111~111 ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪0111~111 ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫‪111~111 ~11((~111.‬‬

‫‪~1118~8 ~01110‬‬
‫‪0~ 1111~(~0‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫(~~ ‪1~~1111~ 111~ 1111(110~( 01 ~1118~8‬‬
‫~‪111~(~38‬‬
‫‪0111.‬‬
‫~~‪111~ 0111~111 ~0113‬‬
‫(~‪10~~(-0(0‬‬ ‫‪113((110111~8‬‬
‫‪11311-~~~1~.‬‬
‫(~‪111~ (113~1111110~ 01111~11~(-0(0‬‬

‫~~‪3110 111~ ~~(10((11311‬‬

‫~‪~311 0‬‬
‫(~~~~‪110‬‬
‫‪~11(1111131~0‬‬
‫~‪111~(~38111‬‬
‫‪113((110111~8,‬‬

‫‪~3(3(11~1~(8‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬
‫‪0( (~011~~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 8~-‬‬

‫‪111~ 1111(110~( 01‬‬

‫~‪~111~11 ~01110 ~3811‬‬

‫(~‪~011~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬

‫‪0~1~((11111~0‬‬ ‫‪111 1~0‬‬ ‫~‪81~~8‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫~‪0~ ~011810~(111‬‬ ‫(‪0111~ 011~ ~31‬‬ ‫~‪01 ~1118~8 811~111113111011‬‬
‫())(‬
‫~‪~1118‬‬ ‫‪813(18‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬
‫())(‬
‫=‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪~1108‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬
‫())(‬
‫=‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪81, 111~ 0111~( ~1118~ 813(18 31‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪~1108‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬
‫())(‬
‫=‬ ‫‪(10‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪+ 81), 3110 (2) 0~ ~0(110111111~111~ ~11~~18 01 311‬‬
‫())(‬
‫‪~31(8.‬‬ ‫‪11111111~1118~ 813(18 31‬‬ ‫~~‪= ~,,, 3110 118~1011118 8,,,, 111~3~~(3‬‬ ‫~~‪0111~111~0113‬‬
‫‪011~ 10 ~ 1111(110~( 01 ~1118~8 18 1011110 1(0(11‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫)‪(4-78‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫~~‪~1111 311 3~~(3‬‬ ‫~‪~3111~ 01 /~ 18 ~0111111110118 3110 1138 11~~11~101‬‬
‫‪(1~~1~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111813111311~0118 111~111 ~11((~111 ~311 0~ ~)(~(~88~0‬‬ ‫(~‪111 3 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪8~(1~8‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬

‫)())(‪(0,, ~08 11())( + 0,, 811111‬‬ ‫)‪(4-79‬‬

‫)((‪/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪/00‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪+ ,,~1.3.‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪113‬‬
‫‪58~. 4-11‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(4-80‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪111~ ~101115‬‬
‫(~~‬

‫~‪3 ~3‬‬
‫~‪11311-~~~1‬‬

‫~‪01 ~3(~10‬‬
‫‪~10111‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬
‫‪01 ~1.115~5 ~01.110 0~ 0111~(~01.‬‬
‫‪11131 ~~(1310‬‬
‫‪111~ ~101115‬‬
‫‪01001.113600‬‬
‫‪111~ ~1.115~ ~101115‬‬
‫‪,,4. 300‬‬ ‫~~‪1(~()1.1~0‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬
‫= )((‪1‬‬

‫‪01 ~1.115~5 3(~ ~3(1~0‬‬

‫~‪5301‬‬ ‫‪~10111,‬‬

‫‪113(01001~5‬‬
‫‪01 ~1.115~5 300‬‬
‫‪($~~~).‬‬
‫‪~~0~(31~0‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪,,= 1,3,..‬‬
‫‪-01,,‬‬

‫~‪10 ~001(01111‬‬

‫‪111~ 01051‬‬
‫‪10 5101.1501031‬‬
‫~‪0~ ~001~3(10‬‬
‫‪,. ~1111 3 11311-5101.1501031‬‬
‫)‪510 (110)( + ~,,‬‬

‫~~~‬

‫~~‪~0113‬‬
‫‪01.11~1.11 ~0113~~.‬‬
‫‪111~ 013)(1011.101 ~1011101‬‬
‫~‪1115 ~055101‬‬
‫~‪~01.110 0‬‬
‫~‪10 ~11005‬‬
‫‪~11011031~0.‬‬
‫‪~0010100‬‬ ‫~‪00‬‬
‫‪~001(01‬‬
‫(‪3 1(130~1.113‬‬
‫~‪1)~ 01 ~3(1301‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬
‫~(~‪11111‬‬
‫‪3 ~1.115~ 15 70//1.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~101115‬‬
‫~(~‪111‬‬

‫‪35 5110~0‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬
‫‪0111~(~01‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬

‫‪15 111~ 5101.1501031‬‬

‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬
‫) ‪(4-81‬‬

‫‪/1 ~1.115~5‬‬
‫‪111~ ~101115‬‬
‫‪01 ~1.115~5 10 51.1~11‬‬
‫‪01~111005‬‬
‫‪~1.115~-‬‬
‫‪4-15,‬‬
‫~‪1). 01 301~1111.10‬‬
‫~‪301~1111.10‬‬ ‫‪,,4~ 300‬‬
‫~~‪1(~()1.1~0‬‬ ‫‪2/..‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5101.1501031 ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫~~‪1)~, 15 10 ~1135~ ~1111111~ 10~1.11 ~1135~ ~0113‬‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫~~‪1135 1~1‬‬ ‫‪111~ 51.1~~1~ 1(~()1.1~0~~,‬‬ ‫‪,5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~101115 01111~ ~1.115~5 (300‬‬ ‫‪111~ 01.11~1.11‬‬
‫)~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫~‪3(~ ~3(1~0 0~ ~1130~10‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 301~1111.10~,,4‬‬ ‫‪0( 111~ 01001.1131100‬‬ ‫‪100~)(,‬‬ ‫‪1.11(001‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0 10 1.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1110(/1-//(/(1011 111(/~~ 15 0~110~0‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪,,4‬‬
‫= ‪1.1‬‬ ‫) ‪(4-82‬‬
‫‪,,4.‬‬
‫~~~ ‪10 3 5101.1501031‬‬ ‫(‪~001(01, 111~ 015~13~~01~0113~10‬‬ ‫(~~‪15 1.1011~300 111~ ~0‬‬
‫‪13~10( 15 101~(0~~0.‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ 10~~(-0(0‬‬ ‫‪113(01001~5 3(~ ~11011031~0 0( (~01.1~~0.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬
‫(~‪~)(301~1~, ~1111101.1( ~1.115~5~~( 11311-~~~1~ 111~ 10~~51-0(0‬‬ ‫‪113(010111~ 15 111~ 111111~3110‬‬
‫(~‪~111151)( ~1.115~5~~( 11311-~~~1~, 111~10~~51-0(0‬‬ ‫(~‪113(01001~ 15 111~5~~~0111. ~001~1.11‬‬
‫‪~(0~(3015,‬‬ ‫‪11301~0 ~~00-1‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~~00-2,‬‬ ‫()‪~111~11 3(~ 1151~0 10 ~~~~1101‬‬ ‫~‪~, ~30 0‬‬
‫‪1.15~0 10 ~~311.131~ 111~ ~~(10(01311~~5‬‬ ‫~~~ ‪011.10110(01‬‬ ‫~~~ ‪300 5101.1501031‬‬ ‫‪~001(01,‬‬
‫‪(~5~~~11~~1~.‬‬

‫‪114‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫(‪,.,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪+ ~.‬‬
‫‪~52‬‬
‫(‪,.,‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪,,‬‬ ‫‪2,,‬‬ ‫‪3,,‬‬
‫‪~6,,,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(‪,.,‬‬
‫‪3,,‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪111~ 0~51~0‬‬
‫‪0100~5.‬‬
‫~‪~~3‬‬
‫‪~0((~01‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬
‫(~‪01 ~00~~(1‬‬

‫‪(3110~5 010~~1~~5‬‬
‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬
‫‪0~~~00‬‬
‫~‪111051 0‬‬
‫‪~1(~0115‬‬

‫~‪00 111~ 0~13‬‬

‫‪0~51~0~0‬‬
‫(‪(0‬‬
‫‪(~~01(~5‬‬
‫~~‪111~ 111~(1510(5 300 0100~5 3(~ 5~~~111~0 0~ 111~ 3~~(3‬‬
‫‪~0((~01,‬‬ ‫~‪300 ~~3~ 10~~(5‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~.‬‬
‫)‪~001(01‬‬
‫‪~0((~01,‬‬
‫‪10 111~ ~35~ 01 ~001(011~0‬‬
‫‪30~1~.‬‬

‫(~‪000‬‬
‫~‪0~1~(1111010‬‬
‫‪(1115 ~0((~01,‬‬
‫‪(~~1111~(5,‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪(3110~5‬‬

‫~‪111~ ~0(51-~35‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪01‬‬
‫‪111~ (3110~5‬‬

‫‪~00011100‬‬
‫‪01111~(1510(5‬‬

‫‪300‬‬
‫‪300‬‬

‫‪11115 0~~0(5‬‬
‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ ~00~~(1‬‬ ‫‪0~11~~(5‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 1113~11110111 3~~(3‬‬ ‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪11,,,,,.‬‬
‫‪111~ 001~01‬‬ ‫‪01 ~00~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪~0013105‬‬ ‫‪113(111001~5‬‬ ‫‪11131 0~~~00‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~001(01‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬
‫)~‪0~13‬‬ ‫~‪30~1‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~0(51-~35‬‬ ‫‪~00011100‬‬ ‫‪~(~~3115‬‬ ‫(~‪000‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1111011110111 001~01‬‬
‫‪~0113~~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10~01‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪001~011111~(5‬‬ ‫‪111051 0~ 0~51~0~0‬‬ ‫(~‪000‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1111011110111001~01‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪~00011100.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪51~~5‬‬ ‫‪10~01~~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 0~51~010‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~00~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~(‪1111~(5 3‬‬
‫(~‪51111113( 10 11131 01 (~~1111‬‬ ‫‪~1(~011‬‬ ‫‪0~51~0‬‬ ‫‪10 5~~1100‬‬ ‫‪2-11.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪~)(301))1‬‬ ‫‪4-11‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪~ 111~~~-~11(15~ 11111~011,,,~~1~~ 15 0~~~(11~0 1~0111 (1111~~~-~11(15~ 230- ~ 60-112 511~~1~. 111‬‬
‫~‪10(10 15 111~111~111011~11,,,~(1110 111~ (1,,,~~(1~~ ~11~~~11115 10 = 150 ~ ~111111~~11~101~ ~1~~1‬‬
‫‪~0111~111. 11111~ 0~1(1~ (111~1~ 15 ~ = 7//3, 0~1~~111111~ 111~ ~(11111~501111~~1510~5.‬‬

‫‪80101100‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(1,,,~10~1115 10~ 111~~1510~ ~11~~~1115 (1~~ 5110~11 111 ~1~. 4-90.‬‬ ‫= ‪11,‬‬
‫~‪230/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪132.79‬‬ ‫‪~, 11~ = 187.79‬‬ ‫‪~, (1110 ~ = 7//3.‬‬ ‫‪~~0111 ~().. (4-57),‬‬ ‫= ‪1100‬‬
‫‪)( 150‬‬
‫)‪3(~/7/‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪187.79‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪~05‬‬ ‫‪(7//3) = 155.3~.‬‬ ‫‪~0~~~, ,,0 = 155.3‬‬
‫‪111~ 0111~111‬‬
‫‪= 23 ,295‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (1,,,~~(1~~ ~11~~~111111~011~11(1 111~~1510~, 107‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪150/3‬‬ ‫‪= 50 ~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~1115 ~11~~~111111~011~11‬‬ ‫‪(1111~~1510~,‬‬ ‫‪1~7‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪86.6~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~~(11-. ~11~~~11( 111~011/1,11‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪4-12‬‬ ‫‪115‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪3 111~0810~, /,,,‬‬ ‫‪= 150 1-..‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~~3/( 111~~~8~ ~0113~~ 18 111~ ~~3/‬‬ ‫~‪3~~111110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 1111~-10-‬‬
‫‪1111~ ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫~‪~1‬‬ ‫‪= -0~,,,‬‬ ‫‪= -0‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪187.79‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪325.27~.‬‬

‫~‪~~301))1‬‬ ‫‪4-12‬‬

‫‪1-. 8111~1~-~1138~ ~1111~011~~~1~~ 38 8110~11 111 ~1~. 4-16 118~8 0~13~-311~1~ ~0111~01 3110 18‬‬
‫‪811~~11~0 ~~0~ 3 120-~ 60-1-12 811~~1~. (3) 08~ 111~ ~~11100 0~ ~011~1~~ 8~~1~8 10 0013111‬‬
‫‪~)(~~~8810118 ~0~ 0111~111 ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪111.((), 3110 1030 ~11~~~111, /1.((),‬‬ ‫~‪38 3 ~1111~6011 0~ 0~~3‬‬
‫‪311~1~,~.‬‬ ‫‪1~ ~ = 70/3, ~ = 10~,‬‬
‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫~‪/., = 20 ~1-1, 3110 ~ = 10 11, 0~1~~~111~ 111‬‬
‫‪~~8‬‬ ‫~~‪~3111~ 0~ 10~~81-0~0‬‬ ‫‪113~~0111~ ~11~~~111111 111~ 1030.‬‬ ‫~~‪(~) 1~ 111 ~3~1 (0), 3 ~111‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪18 ~01111~~1~0 3~~088 111~ 1030,‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~~~111‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫~‪~3111~ 10 ~~011~~ 111‬‬
‫~~‪10~~81-0~0‬‬ ‫‪113~~0111~ 10 10%.‬‬

‫‪801111100‬‬ ‫~~‪(3) 111~ ~3~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0~ 0111~111 ~0113~~ 18 8110~11111 ~1~. 4-3~.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~~~~11~11‬‬
‫‪0~ 0111~111 ~0113~~ 18 1~1~~ 11131 0~ 111~ ~3111 811~~1~.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 111813111311~01180111~111 ~0113‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~311 0~ ~)(~~~88~0‬‬ ‫‪1113 ~011~1~~ 8~~1~8 38‬‬
‫~‬

‫)((‪111.‬‬ ‫‪= ~00 +‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪~=2,4,..‬‬
‫)()((‪((10 ~08 11(()( + 00811111‬‬ ‫)‪(4-83‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪7, = ~ + 1(11(()/.,)= (~2 + (11(()/.,)2)1/2‬‬

‫~‬
‫= ‪3110 60‬‬ ‫‪1311~1(11(()/.,/~).‬‬ ‫‪01~10111~ 111.(() 0~ ~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(4-83‬‬ ‫‪0~ 1030‬‬ ‫~~‪1~~~0311‬‬ ‫‪7, 3110‬‬
‫‪81~~11~~111~ 111~ 8111~ 3110 ~08111~ 1~~~8‬‬ ‫‪~1~~ 111~ 111813111311~01181030 ~11~~~11135‬‬
‫~‬

‫‪/1.(() = /00 +‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪11=2,4...‬‬
‫‪0/0‬‬ ‫‪8111‬‬
‫‪(11(()( + ~0 -‬‬ ‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫)‪(4-84‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪((1~+ 0~)1/2‬‬

‫=‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪/0‬‬
‫‪0-../~2‬‬ ‫‪+ (11(()/.,)2‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)(( ‪(0) 1~ ~ = 70/3, ~ = 10~, /., = 20 ~1-1, ~ = 1011,‬‬

‫‪~30/5, ~,,, = 0 )( 120 = 169.71 ~, 3110~00 = 54.04 ~.‬‬
‫‪54.04 - 10‬‬
‫= ‪/00‬‬ ‫‪= 4.40 1-.‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪(11 = -0.833,‬‬ ‫‪01 = -0.866,‬‬ ‫‪~1 = 223.90,‬‬ ‫‪81 = 56.450‬‬

‫‪(12 = 0.433,‬‬ ‫‪02 = -0.173,‬‬ ‫‪~2 = 111.790,‬‬ ‫‪82 = 71.650‬‬

‫‪(13 = -0.029,‬‬ ‫‪03 = 0.297,‬‬ ‫‪~3 = -5.50,‬‬ ‫‪83 = 77.530‬‬

‫‪116‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪+‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫~)‪~0.‬‬
‫‪~0.)(..‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~1~0..~ 4-17 ~~01...31~(11 ~1(~011‬‬
‫‪10( 113(((10(11~5.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪11-(() = 4.4 +‬‬ ‫‪(1.2 5111(2(1)( + 223.90‬‬ ‫)‪- 56.450‬‬
‫‪70(~2 +2~~(1)1-)2)1/2‬‬

‫)‪+ 0.35111(6(1)( - 5.50 - 77.530‬‬ ‫)‪+ . . .‬‬

‫()‪+ 0.475111(4(1‬‬ ‫‪+ 111.790‬‬ ‫)‪- 71.650‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪169.71‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫) ‪( 2(1)(+ 167. 47 0‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪= 4.4 + 70(102 + (7.5411)2)1/2 1.25111‬‬

‫)‪. . .‬‬ ‫)‪(4-85‬‬

‫‪+ 0.475111(4(1)( + 40.140) + 0.35111(6(1)( - 80.030) +‬‬

‫‪2 )( 169.71‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪70(102‬‬ ‫() ‪+ (7.54‬‬ ‫‪2)2)1/2‬‬ ‫) (‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬
‫~ ‪= 5.07‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪(~) ~1~1.1~~ 4-17‬‬ ‫‪50.0~5‬‬

‫‪~ _-‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪10.~ ~~1.11...~1~111 ~1~~1.11110~ 10.~ 0.3~~0111~5.‬‬
‫~‪~1.1~~~111-01...10~~ ~1.11~,10.~ 0.3~~0111~ ~1.1~~~11110.~01.1~0.10.~ 1030 15 ~1...~11 0‬‬

‫‪~~2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫)~)‪1/(11(1‬‬
‫‪(11(1)1-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1/(11(1)~))2~1/2‬‬
‫~‪05111‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬

‫~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪23110‬‬ ‫=)‪(1‬‬ ‫‪377,‬‬

‫~‬ ‫)~‪1/(2 )( 377‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫‪10 = ~102+ (2‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪7.54 - 1/(2 )( 377~))2~1/2 = 0 1‬‬
‫‪3110 10.15~1...~5 ~ = - 670 ~~ 0~ 793 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪10.1.15~ = 793 ~~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~ ~ ~~11 11011~~ ~~0111 ~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(4-85‬‬ ‫‪10~1‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪10~0‬‬ ‫‪~1.1~(~111 0~(1110111~5‬‬ ‫‪0~~~110‬‬ ‫‪011 10~0‬‬
‫‪11101.1~1~11~~5.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~1.11 ~0‬‬ ‫(‪~~~10‬‬ ‫~‪15 ~~1~1.11~1~0 111 ~)(~111~1‬‬ ‫‪4-8‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪~ ~1.1(~1‬‬
‫‪~51511.,,~ 10~0‬‬ ‫~‪~110 111 10‬‬ ‫~‪~)(~111~1‬‬ ‫‪4-9‬‬ ‫‪~0( ~ 01801~ 11101.1~11.,,~ 10~0.‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪~~11 ~150‬‬
‫~~‪,1011‬‬ ‫(~~‪10~1 10~ 111~1.11~0‬‬ ‫(‪~~~10‬‬ ‫‪0~~~1105‬‬ ‫~‪011 10‬‬ ‫‪10~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~~~10(.‬‬
‫~‪111 10‬‬ ‫‪0~(1.,,~110115‬‬ ‫‪0~ 01.11~1.11 .,,011~8~5‬‬ ‫~‪~110 10‬‬ ‫~~‪~~(~0(111~11‬‬ ‫~‪~(11~(1‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~011-‬‬
‫‪...~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫~‪0~.,,‬‬ ‫‪~551.1111~0 10~1‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~(‪501.1‬‬ ‫‪0~5‬‬ ‫‪110 11101.1~1~11~~5 ~110‬‬ ‫‪(~5151~11~~5.‬‬
‫‪~0(111~11~,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪.,,~11.1~5 0~ 1111~ (~5151~11~~5‬‬ ‫~(~‬ ‫~‪5111~11 ~110 ~~11 0‬‬ ‫‪11~81~~1~0.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫~‪~11101.1111 0~ .,,011~8‬‬ ‫~‪0(0‬‬ ‫‪01.1~ 10 501.1(~~ 11101.1~1~11~~5 15 10~ 5~111~ ~5 10~1 0~ (~~11~1~(5‬‬

‫‪58~. 4-13‬‬ ‫‪117‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~1~11~~ 4-18‬‬ ‫‪~~1~110115111~ 0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~~‪0~1‬‬ ‫~~‪~1181~ ~110 0.,,~(1‬‬ ‫‪~1181~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪00~5‬‬ ‫‪001‬‬ ‫~~‪~1130‬‬ ‫‪011~ 10 111~ ~11(15~ ~001(01.‬‬ ‫‪8~11(11100‬‬ ‫)‪(2-96‬‬ ‫‪~(10 0~ (1~~11~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫~~‪~(11~111(11~ 111~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪0(0‬‬ ‫~‪011~ 10 111~ ~0(0(0111(1110‬‬ ‫~~‪(~(1~1(10‬‬ ‫‪1.0.‬‬ ‫~‪11 (111 111~ 110‬‬
‫‪10011~1(10~~5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ ~~1131,‬‬ ‫‪8~.‬‬ ‫)‪(2-99‬‬ ‫‪~1~~5‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪0(0‬‬ ‫‪(15 ~..‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪6/1.)00‬‬ ‫‪10( (1‬‬
‫~‪111(~~-~11(15‬‬ ‫‪11111 ~00~~(1~(.‬‬
‫~~‪111~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪0(0‬‬ ‫‪15 0010~~~00~0100‬‬ ‫‪0~1(1~ (10~1~,‬‬ ‫(~‪~1, 1100‬‬ ‫‪00((0(110~~((11100.‬‬
‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0(0(0111(11100‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫)~‪0~~(1(1‬‬ ‫‪(10~1~,‬‬ ‫~(‪,.,., ~111 ~(1‬‬ ‫~‪~1111111‬‬ ‫~‪0~1(1‬‬ ‫‪(10~1~.‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~1(1~ (10~1~ 15 10~(~(15~0,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0~~(1(1‬‬ ‫‪(10~1~ 0~~0(0~5‬‬ ‫‪5(0(111~(.‬‬ ‫‪11115 15 111115-‬‬
‫‪1((11~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪4-18.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~011-11(0‬‬ ‫‪101~~((11‬‬ ‫‪(15 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~(05511(11~11~0‬‬ ‫‪(1(~(15 15 ~~11(11‬‬
‫‪10 1001.0‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪15 100~~~00~01‬‬ ‫‪01 ~011(1~~5.‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~0(0(0111(1110‬‬ ‫~‪~0(15‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~ 10-‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~(~(15~5,‬‬
‫‪10~ 5(1(0~.‬‬

‫~~‪10~ (1~~((1‬‬
‫(‪(1~~ 10‬‬
‫‪10~ 11(0~ (~~111(~0‬‬

‫~‪11 ~.. 15 10‬‬

‫~~‪~011(1‬‬
‫~‪(1 0~1(1‬‬
‫~~‪(1~~((1‬‬

‫~‪(10~1‬‬
‫‪(~011~1100‬‬
‫‪01 ~ 15‬‬
‫~‪10 ~0(0(0111(11‬‬

‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪0(0‬‬
‫~‪011~ 10 ~0(15~-(10~1‬‬
‫(~~‬
‫‪~~15 5(0(111~(,‬‬

‫‪~0(0(0111(11100‬‬
‫~‪011110‬‬

‫‪~001(01,‬‬
‫‪..~011-5~~0005,,‬‬

‫~‪011~ 10 0~~(1(1‬‬
‫~~‪111~ (1~~((1‬‬
‫‪(~(0(110‬‬

‫‪(100 ~~ 15‬‬
‫‪0111~111 ~011-‬‬

‫)‪(4-86‬‬

‫~~‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~€111/‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)~(‪~00‬‬ ‫)‪(4-87‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪(1~~((1‬‬ ‫~~‪0111~111 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫~‪0~~(1(1‬‬ ‫~‪(10~1‬‬ ‫‪,.,. (100‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪~0(0(0111(111005‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫~(‪~00‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪,.,.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~(‪~00‬‬ ‫)‪= 0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪2~..‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~€111/ -‬‬ ‫‪2~..‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫)‪(4-88‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪5110511111110‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1(0(0‬‬ ‫‪8~.‬‬ ‫)‪(4-87‬‬ ‫‪1010 8~.‬‬ ‫)‪(4-88‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫~‪~(10 ~(11‬‬ ‫~~‪10~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪0(0‬‬ ‫~‪011‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪10 0~~(1(1‬‬ ‫‪(15‬‬

‫)‪(4-89‬‬

‫‪10~ 0~~(1(1~ (10~1~, ,.,., ~(10 0~ 0~1~((010~01(0(0‬‬ ‫‪8~. (4-89) 10( ~00~0‬‬ ‫‪~(1111~5011030‬‬
‫‪~11((~01, 100~ ~0(0(0111(1110~ 10011~1(10~~, 1.0~ 300 0~1(1~ 30~1~,~.‬‬ ‫‪11 5001110 0~ 001~0‬‬
‫‪10(11 8~. (4-89) 15 (1~~11~301~ 10 510~1~-~035~ 11111~00~~(1~(.‬‬

‫‪~~301))1~ 4-13‬‬
‫~‪~ 111(~~-()1135~(1111~011,,,~(1~( 18811()()11~0((001 3 111(~~-()1138~230- ~ 60-1-12 811()()1)1. 111‬‬
‫‪1030 ~11((~11118~011611110118‬‬ ‫‪3110 113811~~11~101~..1()()1~. 1( 111~3,,,~..3~~ 1030 ~11..(~111,/00‬‬

‫‪118‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪0.11111-1,‬‬ ‫~‪0~~~1111111‬‬ ‫~‪~11~ 0,,,~11(1‬‬ ‫~‪(111~1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫~‬
‫= ‪(1110 ~11~ ~011111111~(1~111~ 111011~~(111~~, 1-0‬‬
‫)‪((1‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫)‪= 100,(0‬‬
‫~‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪300,‬‬ ‫)~(‪(1110‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪600.‬‬
‫‪~11~11‬‬

‫= ‪80101100 11,,,‬‬ ‫~‬

‫()‬
‫~‪230/‬‬ ‫‪= 187.79 ~ (111011,/,,,= 310.6~.‬‬ ‫‪~10111~~. (4-57),‬‬
‫‪1100(~)= 310.6 ~08‬‬ ‫‪~ (1110‬‬

‫)~ ‪1100(~ +‬‬ ‫‪= 310.6 ~08‬‬ ‫~(‬ ‫)~ ‪+‬‬

‫‪~01 (1 ~111~~-~11(18~~011,,,~1~~1,~~. (4-89) ~(1110~ 111001~1~0~0‬‬

‫~‪611‬‬ ‫)~ ‪= 6/1001-0= 1100(~) - 1100(~+‬‬ ‫)‪(4-90‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪60‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪150‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪10-3 = 310.6(~08 ~ -‬‬ ‫~( ‪~08‬‬ ‫))~ ‪+‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪((1) ~01‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪= 100, ~ = 4.660.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~01‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪= 300, ~ = 1.940.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~01‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪= 600, ~ = 1.140.‬‬ ‫~(‪~-‬‬
‫~‪~ ,.,~..‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~(‬

‫(~‪10 1018 ~0(1~1‬‬ ‫~~‪...,~ 0(1‬‬ ‫‪8~~0‬‬

‫)(~‪10(11 (1~~((1~~ 01.11~1.11 ~011(1~~ ((100 01.11~1.11 ~0...,‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫~‪(1~-0‬‬ ‫‪~00~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫~‪~(10 0‬‬‫‪0~ ~(1(~10~ 10~ ~0001.1~1100‬‬
‫‪~001(011~0‬‬ ‫‪11(0~ 0110~(1810(8.‬‬
‫‪0( 10(~~-‬‬
‫~‪1)~~~0010‬‬ ‫‪00 10~ 1~~~8 01 81.1~~1~, 10~ ~00~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫~‪~01.110 0~ 810~1~-~0(18‬‬
‫‪~(10 0~ 0(111 ,(1~~, 8~(01-, 0( 11.111~00~~(1~(8.‬‬
‫‪~0(18~.‬‬ ‫~~~‪~0( ~(1~01‬‬ ‫‪0181.1~~1~,‬‬ ‫~~‪10‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪8~1111- (100‬‬ ‫‪11.111~00~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫~‪(1(~ 1.18~0 ~)(1~081~~1‬‬ ‫‪10 ~((1~11~(11 (1~~11~(111008.‬‬ ‫‪~1-‬‬
‫‪1001.1~0‬‬ ‫‪8~1111~00~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫~‪~(0~10‬‬ ‫(~‪0~11‬‬ ‫(~‪10~1.11 ~0...,‬‬ ‫(‪1(1~10‬‬ ‫‪10(10 10(11 01 11.111~00-‬‬
‫‪~~(1~(8,‬‬ ‫~‪10~8‬‬ ‫‪~00~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 001~ 81.111(101~ 10( 00~-().1.1(10((101‬‬ ‫‪0~~((11100.‬‬ ‫‪~1.111 ~00-‬‬
‫‪~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪01.1(11 ~00~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫‪(1110..., 1...,0-().1.1(10((101‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪101.1(-().1.1(10((101‬‬ ‫‪0~~((111008,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪(~8~~~11~~1~.‬‬
‫‪(100‬‬ ‫~~‪10~ 1(~().1.1~0‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫~~‪(100 10~ ~011(1‬‬
‫‪10(~~0‬‬
‫~‪10(~~-~0(18‬‬

‫(~‪10~1.11 ~0...,‬‬

‫‪~0(0(01.11(111008,‬‬
‫~‪((1110‬‬
‫‪~00~~(1~(8‬‬
‫‪01 01.11~1.11 (1~~1~8‬‬
‫‪1(1~10(,‬‬
‫‪~(10 0~ 10~(~(18~0‬‬
‫(~~‪10~ ~0‬‬
‫‪...,01~0‬‬
‫~‪(1(~ 00((0(111‬‬
‫‪18 01~0~(.‬‬
‫‪18 0~~~00~01‬‬
‫‪0~ 8~(1~8‬‬
‫(~‪1.18~01001~0-~0...,‬‬

‫‪1(1~10( ~(10 0~ 11.1(10~( 1(0~(0~~0‬‬

‫‪00 10~ 10(10, ~(10 0~ 1(0~(0~~0‬‬
‫‪~000~~1100‬‬ ‫‪01 ~00~~(1~(8.‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬

‫‪(100 ~~(1(110‬‬
‫‪(1~~11~(111008‬‬

‫‪10...,~(-‬‬
‫(~‪0(0‬‬ ‫‪0(1((0001~8‬‬ ‫‪~(10 0~ (~01.1~~0‬‬ ‫‪0( ~11(010(11~0.‬‬
‫‪0( 018~001101.101.18‬‬ ‫~‪0~~~0010‬‬ ‫‪00 10~ 10(10-‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪10(10 ~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪~01.110 0~ ~001101.101.18‬‬
‫~‪11(0‬‬ ‫‪~0081(101‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫~‪0~1(1‬‬ ‫‪(10~1~.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(10(11~818 01 ~00~~(1~(8,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(0~1000‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫(~‪~01.1(1‬‬ ‫‪8~(1~818‬‬ ‫‪1.18~0.‬‬ ‫‪1-10...,~~~(,‬‬ ‫(~‪010‬‬ ‫‪1~~001().1.1~8 (~.~.,‬‬ ‫(~‪1((1081‬‬ ‫‪11.10~1100 (1~~(0(1~0‬‬
‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪8~~~1(1.1(0‬‬ ‫‪(01.1111~11~(11100‬‬ ‫~‪01 8...,11~010‬‬ ‫)‪11.10~1100‬‬ ‫~‪~(10 0‬‬ ‫(‪1.18~0 10‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(10(11~818 01‬‬
‫(~‪~0...,‬‬ ‫~‪8...,11~010‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.1118.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪0~1(1~-(10~1‬‬ ‫‪~001(01‬‬ ‫‪00~8‬‬ ‫‪001‬‬ ‫~‪(111~~110‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪0(0‬‬
‫~‪01.1~ 10 ~0(0(01.11(1110‬‬ ‫‪1001.1~1(10~~8,‬‬ ‫~‪(100 1018 0(0‬‬ ‫‪18 10~ 8(1(0~ (18 10(11 01 00((0(11‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(~~1111~(8.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1. ~. ~.‬‬ ‫~)‪5~11, 71/)1,./.5(0,.1‬‬ ‫‪1),.1))~5.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫=(‪~01/‬‬ ‫‪~11~~-10.~~18~1~11~~,‬‬ ‫‪1981.‬‬

‫‪2. ~. ~.,‬‬ ‫‪8~0. (1110 5. ~.‬‬ ‫‪001(101(1, ..~,,,(110(1~1011 0~ ~00.~101 8~11~111~8 ~01 ~11~118~01 ~00.~1011~0‬‬
‫‪0~ 1110~018.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪1‬‬ ‫‪7,.(111)0((10115 011 1110./15(,.10/ ~/~((,.0111(5 0110. ~011(,.0/ 1115(,./1/11~11(0(1011,‬‬
‫‪~01.‬‬ ‫‪1~025,‬‬ ‫‪~0.‬‬ ‫‪3 (~11~1181) 1978,‬‬ ‫‪~~. 247-255.‬‬

‫‪119‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪~. 0.‬‬ ‫‪~10~35,‬‬ ‫~~~ ‪..0~11(111.1(11 0113~~ 3110 /13((110111( (0111(01‬‬ ‫~‪1~(/1111().1.1~510( 3-~/135‬‬
‫(‪5136‬‬ ‫‪0~8‬‬ ‫~~~‪5)151~(115.,, /‬‬ ‫‪1,.~115~~(10115 011 /110.~5(,.~ .4~~/1~~(10115, ~01. 1~16,‬‬ ‫‪~0. 4.‬‬
‫‪(11.11)1) 1980,‬‬ ‫‪~~. 542-546.‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪1-1. ~35/110,‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~.‬‬ ‫‪~001.101113,‬‬ ‫(‪..~1131~515 0110~~~0-~0111111111(11~0 1~(11111().11~5101 (1(-0‬‬
‫‪(011 ~(1~(5.,, 15( ~~,.0~~~11 ~0111~,.~11~~011 )10~~,. ~/~~(,.0111~5 ~110..4~~/1~~(10115, 13(1.155~15,‬‬
‫‪0(100~( 16-18, 1985, ~~. 2.263-2.266.‬‬
‫‪5. ~. 0. ~10~35, 3110 ~. ~/1063015, ..~11 ~)(3(1 01.11~1.11‬‬ ‫~~~ (‪(1.1((~111311(1)15150110~31 5136‬‬
‫~~~‪111~(1~(5.,, /‬‬ ‫‪1,.~115~~(10115011 /110.~(,.~ .4~~/1~~(10115, ~01. 1~119, ~0. 2 (~3((/1-‬‬
‫‪~~(11) 1983, ~~. 281-295.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪6. ~. 1-1. ~35/110 3110 ~. 1. ~35~000,‬‬ ‫‪..~11(1)1515 01 3-~/135~ 3(-0( (011 ~(1~(5 1.1110~( 1.111031-‬‬
‫~~~‪311(~0 51.1~~1)1(01101110115.,, /‬‬ ‫‪/110.~(,-~ .4~~/1~~(10115 ~0111~,.~11~~ ~~~0,.0., 1985,‬‬
‫‪~~. 1190-‬‬
‫‪1194.‬‬

‫‪4-1.‬‬
‫‪4-2.‬‬
‫‪4-3.‬‬
‫‪4-4.‬‬
‫‪4-5.‬‬
‫‪4-6.‬‬
‫‪4-7.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪4-8.‬‬
‫‪4-9.‬‬

‫‪4-10.‬‬
‫‪4-11.‬‬
‫‪4-12.‬‬
‫‪4-13.‬‬
‫‪4-14.‬‬
‫‪~/131‬‬
‫‪~/131‬‬
‫‪~/131‬‬
‫‪~/13115‬‬
‫‪~/13115‬‬
‫‪~/131‬‬
‫‪~/13115‬‬
‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~(‪~/131 3‬‬
‫‪~(1~(57‬‬
‫‪~/1)115‬‬
‫‪~/13115‬‬
‫‪~/1)115‬‬
‫‪~/131‬‬
‫‪15 3 11311.1(310( 1111~(0(11(111.11360117‬‬
‫‪15 3 (0111(011~0‬‬
‫‪15 3 (011 ~(1~(7‬‬
‫‪(~(66~(7‬‬

‫‪0~13)1-311~1~ (0111(01 01 (011 ~(1~(57‬‬

‫‪3 5~(111(011 ~(1~(7‬‬
‫‪15 3 11.111(011 ~(1~(7‬‬
‫‪3 01.131 (011 ~(1~(7‬‬
‫~‪0(3‬‬
‫~‪0(3‬‬
‫~‪0(3‬‬
‫‪15 1/1~ ~(111(1~1~ 01 ~/135~ (0111(017‬‬

‫‪3(~ 1/1~ 30‬‬

‫(‪13(10‬‬
‫‪1~0‬‬
‫‪1~0‬‬
‫‪1~0‬‬
‫‪5~(111(011 ~(1~( (1((1.1115.‬‬
‫‪11.111-(011 ~(1~( (1((1.1115.‬‬
‫‪01.131-(011 ~(1~( (1((1.1115.‬‬

‫~‪1/1~ ~11~(15 01 (~(110 111~ 1/1~ 1(~~~/1~~1111‬‬

‫(~~‪1/1~ ~0‬‬
‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪111 5111~1~-~/135~ 5~(111(011-‬‬

‫‪01 5~(111(011 ~(1~(5 0~11~( 1/1311 1/131 0111.111 (011 ~(1~(57‬‬

‫‪1/1~ (31.15~ 01 (1((1.113611~ (1.1((~111111 01.131 (011 ~(1~(57‬‬
‫‪3 (1((1.113611~ (1.1((~11111101.1(10( (~().1.11(~0 11101.131 (011 ~(1~(57‬‬
‫‪31113~~5 3110 01530‬‬ ‫‪31113~~5 01 5~(1~5 (011 ~(1~(57‬‬
‫(~‪1-10~ 15 1/1~ 0~13)1311~1~ 01011~ (011 ~(1~( (~131~0 10 1/1~ 0~13)1311~1~ 011/1~ 01/1~( (011 ~(1‬‬
‫‪1113 01.131-(011 ~(1~( 5)151~(117‬‬
‫‪4-15.‬‬ ‫‪~/13115‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 111 ~(51011 (1100~ 01 (011 ~(1~(57‬‬
‫‪4-16.‬‬ ‫‪~/13115‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ (~(611(36011‬‬ ‫‪(1100~ 01 (011 ~(1~(57‬‬
‫‪4-17.‬‬ ‫‪~/13115‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ 1(~().1.1~11()1011/1‬‬ ‫(~‪10~~51-0(0‬‬ ‫~‪/13((110111( 1111/1(~~-~/135‬‬ ‫‪5~(111(011 ~(1~(57‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪4-18.‬‬ ‫‪%3115‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ 1(~().1.1~11()1011/1‬‬ ‫(~‪10~~51-0(0‬‬ ‫~‪/13((110111( 1111/1(~~-~/135‬‬ ‫‪11.111(011 ~(1~(57‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪4-19.‬‬ ‫‪~/13115‬‬ ‫(~‪1/1~ 1(~().1.1~11()1011/1~ 10~~51-0(0‬‬ ‫‪/13((110111( 1113 5111~1~-~/135~ 5~(111(011 ~(1~(7‬‬
‫‪4-20.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~ 3(~ ~31~-11.1(11-0111/1)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪11.1(11~0 011 3110 0117‬‬
‫‪4-21.‬‬ ‫(‪1-10~ 15 3 ~/135~-(0111(011/1)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪11.1(11~0 011 3110 0117‬‬
‫‪4-22.‬‬ ‫‪~/13115 310((~0‬‬ ‫‪(0(11(111.11360117‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 1/1~ 30‬‬ ‫‪31113~~5 0110((~0‬‬ ‫(‪(0(11(111.113601110‬‬
‫(‪3(-0‬‬ ‫‪(011 ~(1~(57‬‬

‫‪4-23.‬‬ ‫‪~/13115‬‬ ‫~‪~)(611(6011-311~1‬‬ ‫‪(0111(01 01 (011 ~(1~(57‬‬

‫‪4-24.‬‬ ‫‪~/13115‬‬ ‫‪5)1(11(11~1(1(31-311~1~ (0111(01 01 (011 ~(1~(57‬‬
‫‪4-25.‬‬ ‫‪~/13115‬‬ ‫‪~1.115~-~101/1-(11001.1136011 (0111(01 01 (011 ~(1~(5 7‬‬

‫‪120‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪4-26.‬‬ ‫‪~113115‬‬ ‫‪511111501031 ~1115~-~10111-11100111311011 ~0111(01 01 3 ~011..,~(1~(7‬‬
‫‪4-27.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪15 111~ 11100111311011 1110~)(7‬‬
‫‪4-28.‬‬ ‫~‪110‬‬ ‫‪15 111~ 0111~111 ..,0113~~ 01 3 ~1135~-~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪~011..,~(1~( ..,3(1~0 7‬‬
‫‪4-29.‬‬ ‫~‪110‬‬ ‫~~~ ‪15 111~ 0111~111 ..,0113~~ 01 3 511111501031‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01 ~011..,~(1~( ..,3(1~07‬‬
‫‪4-30.‬‬ ‫‪))0~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0111111111311011311~1~ 0~~~110‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ 0~13~ 311~1~ 01 ~011..,~(1~(57‬‬

‫‪4-31.‬‬ ‫‪))0~5‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ..,0113~~ 0(0‬‬ ‫~‪011~ 10 ~011111111131111‬‬

‫‪111011~1311~~5 0~~~110‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ 0~13~ 311~1~ 01‬‬
‫‪~011..,~(1~(57‬‬

‫‪4-32.‬‬ ‫‪))0~5‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ 111~111~0‬‬ ‫‪13~10( 01 ~011..,~(1~(5 0~~~110‬‬ ‫(~~‪011 111~ 1030 ~0‬‬ ‫‪13~10(7‬‬

‫‪4-33.‬‬ ‫‪))0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0111~111 (1~~1~ ..,0113~~5 01 ~011..,~(1~(5 0~~~110‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ 0~13~ 311~1~7‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪4-1.‬‬ ‫‪~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 11311-~3..,~ ~011..,~(1~( 111~1~. 4-1315 0~~(31~01(0111‬‬ ‫‪3120- ~ 60-112 511~~1~.‬‬
‫~‪11111~ 1030 (~51511..,~ 1030 15 ~ = 10 0 3110 111~ 0~13~ 311~1~ 15 0. = 70/3, 0~1~(111111~ 111‬‬
‫‪(3) ~111~1~11~~~ (()) 10(11113~10(~ (~) (1~~1~ 13~10(~ (~) 1(311510(111~( 111111231101113~10(~ 3110‬‬
‫)~‪(~) ~~3(( 111..,~(5~ ..,0113~~ (~1‬‬ ‫(‪01111~(1510‬‬ ‫‪11.‬‬

‫‪4-2.‬‬ ‫‪~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 11311-~3..,~ ~011..,~(1~( 111~1~. 4-1315 0~~(31~01(0111‬‬ ‫~‪3 120- ~ 60-112 511~~1‬‬
‫‪3110 111~ 1030 (~51511..,~ 1030 15 ~ = 10 0.‬‬ ‫~‪11111~ 3..,~(3~~ 0111~111 ..,0113~~ 15 25% 01111‬‬
‫‪(()) (1115 3110‬‬
‫‪1113)(111111111‬‬
‫~~‪~055101~ 3..,~(3~~ 0111~111 ..,0113~~, ~31~11131~ 111~ (3) 0~13~ 311~1‬‬
‫~~‪3..,~(3‬‬ ‫~~‪0111~111 ~11((~1115~ (~) 3..,~(3‬‬ ‫(~~‪3110 (1115 111~(1510( ~11((~1115~ 3110 (~) 111~111~0‬‬
‫‪13~10( .‬‬

‫‪4-3.‬‬ ‫‪~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 11311-~011..,~(1~( 111~1~. 4-1315 511~~11~0 1(0111 3 120-~ 60-112 511~~1~ 3110‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪4-4.‬‬
‫‪3 1(~~~11~~1111~ 0100~ 15 ~01111~~1~0 3~(055 111~ 1030.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030 ~01151515 01 5~(1~5-~011-‬‬
‫= ~ ‪11~~1~0 (~5151311~~, ~ = 10 0, 111011~1311~~, 1- = 5 11111, 3110 0311~(~ ..,0113~~,‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪(3) ~)(~(~55111~ 111513111311~01150111~111..,0113~~ 1113 ~011(1~( 5~(1~5, 3110‬‬
‫(~‪111~ (1115 ..,3111~ 01111~ 10~~51-0(0‬‬ ‫‪0111~111113(1110111~ ~11((~111.‬‬
‫‪~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 5~1111~011..,~(1~( 111 ~1~. 4-23 15 0~~(31~0‬‬ ‫~‪1(0111 3 120-‬‬ ‫‪60-112 511~~1~.‬‬
‫~‪111~ 1030 ~11((~111 ~1111 311 3..,~(3~~ ..,3111~ 01 1. 15 ~0111111110115~1111 11~~11~101~ (1~~1‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫~‪(()) 0~1~(111111‬‬

‫‪~0111~111.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪111(115 (3110‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫(~‪1(311510(111‬‬ ‫‪15 111111~.‬‬ ‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫~‪0~13‬‬ ‫‪311~1~ 15 0.‬‬ ‫‪= 70/3,‬‬
‫~(‪(()) 015~13~~111~11113~10‬‬ ‫)~( ‪3110‬‬
‫(‪~31~11131~ 111~ (3) 113(1110111~ 13~10‬‬ ‫~‪01111~111 ~11((~111‬‬
‫(~~‪111~111~0‬‬ ‫‪13~10(.‬‬
‫‪5~1111~011..,~(1~( 111~1~. 4-23.‬‬
‫‪4-5.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬
‫~‪4-2 10( 111~ 5111~1~-~1135‬‬
‫‪4-6.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 5~1111~011..,~(1~( 111~1~. 4-23 15 0~~(31~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 3 120- ~ 60-112 511~~1~.‬‬
‫‪5 11111,‬‬
‫= ‪111~ 1030 ~01151515 01 5~(1~5-~01111~~1~0 (~5151311~~, ~ = 10 0, 111011~1311~~, 1-‬‬
‫= ~ ‪3110 0311~(~ ..,0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪20~.‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬ ‫‪~)(~(~55‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪0111~111‬‬ ‫~~‪..,0113‬‬ ‫‪1113‬‬ ‫(~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪5~(1~5,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫(~‪3110 (()) 0~1~(111111~ 111~ (1115 ..,3111~ 01111~ 10~~51-0(0‬‬ ‫‪0111~111113(1110111~ ~11((~111.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪4-7.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪4-4 10( 111~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 11111~011..,~(1~( 111~1~. 4-33.‬‬
‫‪4-8.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪4-2 10( 111~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 11111~011..,~(1~( 111~1~. 4-33.‬‬
‫‪4-9.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪4-6 10( 111~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 11111~011..,~(1~( 111~1~. 4-33.‬‬
‫‪4-10.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 01131 ~011..,~(1~( 111~1~. 4-4315‬‬ ‫‪0~~(31~0‬‬ ‫~‪1(0111 3 120-‬‬ ‫‪60-112‬‬ ‫‪511~~1~ 3110 0~11..,~(5‬‬
‫‪= 20~.‬‬
‫‪(1~~1~-1(~~ 3..,~(3~~ ~11((~111 01100‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~1(~11131111‬‬ ‫‪1-, = 5 11111,‬‬
‫‪111011~1311~~,‬‬
‫= ‪3110 111~ 0~13~ 311~1~5 3(~ 0.1‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1500.‬‬ ‫~‪~31~11131‬‬ ‫((‪111~~~3‬‬ ‫~‪~1(~11131111‬‬
‫(~‪~11((~111 3110 111~ ~~3(( ~11((~111 01 ~011..,~(1‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬

‫‪4-11.‬‬ ‫‪~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 5~(1~5 5~1111~011..,~(1~( 111~1~. 4-5315‬‬ ‫‪0~~(31~01(0111‬‬ ‫~‪3120-‬‬ ‫~‪60-112 511~~1‬‬

‫‪121‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~110 10.~ 10~0 ~~5151~11~~, 1(. = 10 0.‬‬ ‫~‪1( 10.~ ~..,~~~~~ 0(11))111..,011~~~ 15 75% 0( 10.‬‬
‫‪111~)(111111111‬‬
‫‪))055101~ ~..,~~~~~ 0(11))111..,011~~~, ~~1~111~1~ 10~ (3) 0~1~~ ~11~1~5 0( ~011..,~~1~~5,‬‬
‫))(( ‪(.,) ~1115~110 ~..,~~~~~ 0(11))111 ~11~~~1115, (~) ~..,~~~~~ ~110 ~111510.~~1510~ ~11~~~1115, ~110‬‬
‫~~~‪111))111))0‬‬ ‫‪(3~10~.‬‬
‫‪4-12.‬‬ ‫‪,.1. 5111~1~-))0.~5~ 5~~1~5 5~1111~011..,~~1~~111~1~. 4- 5~ 15 0))~~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪(~0111 ~ 120- ~ 60-1-12 5(1))))1~.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪10~0 ~11~~~111~110. ~11 ~..,~~~~~ ..,~111~ 0( 10 15 ~0111111110115~110 10~ ~1))))1~ ~0111~111 15‬‬
‫‪11~~11~101~. 10~ 111~115~3110 0( 10~ 1~~115(0~111~~ 15 1-1,)1-1, = 2. 1( 0~1~~ ~11~1~5 ~1~ ~1‬‬
‫‪= 0 ~110 ~2 = 7//3, ~~1~111~1~ 10~ (3) 0.~~1110111~(~~10~ 0( 111))111~11~~~111~(.,) 015()1~~~111~111‬‬
‫~~~‪(~~10~~ ~110 (~) 111))111))0‬‬ ‫‪(~~10~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪4-13.‬‬ ‫‪~~))~~1‬‬ ‫‪~~00.‬‬ ‫‪4-11‬‬ ‫‪(0~ 10.~ 5111~1~-))0.~5~ 5~~1~5 (1111~011..,~~1~~ 111~1~. 4-6~.‬‬
‫‪4-14.‬‬ ‫‪~~))~~1‬‬ ‫‪~~00.‬‬ ‫‪4-12‬‬ ‫‪(0~ 10.~ 5111~1~-))0.~5~ 5~~1~5 (1111~011..,~~1~~ 111~1~. 4-6~.‬‬
‫‪4-15.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪10.~~~-))0.~5‬‬ ‫~‪0.~1(-~~..,‬‬ ‫‪~011..,~~1~~ 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪4-73‬‬ ‫‪15 0))~~~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪(~0111 ~ 10~~~-))0.~5‬‬
‫~‪~ -~01111~~1~0 220- ~ 60-1-12 5(1))))1~ ~110 ~ (~~~~0.~~1111‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫~‪15 ~01111~~1~0 ~~~055 10.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪10~0.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 10~0 ~11~~~111~110. ~11 ~..,~~~~~ ..,~111~0( 1015 ~0111111110115~110 10~ ~1()))1~ ~0111~111‬‬
‫‪15 11~~11~101~. 1( 10.~ 0~1~~ ~11~1~, ~ = 7//3, ~~1~111~1~ 10.~ (3) 0.~~1110111~(~~10~ 0( 111()111‬‬
‫‪~11~~~111~ (.,) (15))1~~~111~111 (~~10~~ ~110 (~) 111))111))0~~~ (~~10~.‬‬
‫‪4-16.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫~‪10.~~~-))035‬‬ ‫~‪0~1(-~~..,‬‬ ‫‪~011..,~~1~~ 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪4-7‬‬ ‫‪15 0))~~31~0‬‬ ‫~‪(~0111 ~ 10~~~-))0.~5‬‬
‫‪~-~01111~~1~0 220- ~ 60-1-12 5(1))))1~ ~110 10~ 10~0 ~~5151~11~~ 15 1(.‬‬
‫‪= 100.‬‬ ‫~~~~~‪1( 10~ ~..,‬‬
‫‪0(11))111 ..,011~~~ 15 25% 0( 10.~ 111~)(111111111‬‬
‫~‪))055101~ ~..,~~~~~ 0(11))111 ..,011~~~, ~~1~(1)~1~ 10.‬‬
‫~‪(3) 0~1~~ ~11~1~~ (.,) ~1115~110 ~..,~~~~~ 0(11))111 ~11~~~1115~ (~) ~..,~~~~~ ~110 ~1115 10.~~1510‬‬
‫‪~11~~~1115~ (()) ~~~11(1~~11011 ~((1~1~11~~~ (~) 1~3115(0~111~~ 1111112~11011(~~10~~ ~110 (1) 111))111‬‬
‫~~~‪))0‬‬ ‫‪(~~10~.‬‬
‫‪4-17.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫~‪10.~~~-))0.~5‬‬ ‫~‪0.~1(-~~..,‬‬ ‫‪~011..,~~1~~ 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪4-7‬‬ ‫‪15 0))~~~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪(~0111 ~ 10~~~-))0~5‬‬
‫~‪~ -~01111~~1~0 220- ~ 60-1-12 5(1))))1~ ~110 ~ (~~~~0.~~1111‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫~‪15 ~01111~~1~0 ~~~055 10‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪4-18.‬‬
‫‪10~0.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 10~0 ~01151515 0( 5~~1~5-~01111~~1~0 ~~5151~11~~, 1(.‬‬
‫‪5 1111-1,~110 0~11~~~ ..,011~~~, ~ = 20~.‬‬

‫‪10.~ 0(11))111 ~11~~~111.‬‬

‫‪10.~ 10.~~~-))0.~5~ 5~1111~011..,~~1~~111~1~. 4-8~ 15 0))~~~1~0‬‬
‫~‪220-‬‬ ‫‪60-1-12 5(1))))1~.‬‬
‫= ~ ‪= 10 0, 111011~1~11~~,‬‬
‫~~~‪(3) ~)())~~55 10.~ 11151~111~11~01150(11))111 ..,011‬‬
‫~~‪111~ ~011~1~~ 5~~1~5, ~110 (.,) 0~1~~111111~ 10.~ ~1115..,~111~ 0( 10.~ 10~~51-0~0‬‬ ‫‪0.~~1110111~011‬‬

‫‪(~0111 ~ 10.~~~-()0.~5~ ~ -~01111~~1~0‬‬

‫‪10.~ 10~0 ~11~~~111~110. ~11 ~..,~~~~~ ..,~111~ 0( 1015 ~0111111110115~110‬‬
‫~~‪11~~11~101~ ~1))))1~ ~0111~111. 10.~ 111~115~~110 0( 10.~ 1~~115(0~111~~ 15 111111~. 1( 10.~ 0~1‬‬
‫‪~11~1~ 15 ~ = 27//3, ~~1~111~1~ 10.~ (3) 0.~~1110111~(~~10~ 0( 111))111~11~~~111~(.,) (15))1~~~111~111‬‬
‫‪(~~10~~ ~110 (~) 111))111))0~~~ (~~10~.‬‬
‫‪4-19.‬‬ ‫‪~~))~~1‬‬ ‫‪~~00.‬‬ ‫‪4-16‬‬ ‫~‪(0~ 10.~ 10.~~~-))0.35‬‬ ‫‪5~1111~011..,~~1~~ 111~1~. 4-8~.‬‬
‫‪4-20.‬‬ ‫‪~~))~~1 ~~00. 4-19‬‬ ‫~~~~~‪1( 10.~ ~..,‬‬ ‫‪0(11))111 ..,011~~~ 15 90%‬‬ ‫‪0( 10.~ 111~)(111111111‬‬
‫~‪))055101‬‬
‫‪0(11))111 ..,011~~~.‬‬
‫‪4-21.‬‬ ‫‪~~))~~1‬‬ ‫‪~~00.‬‬ ‫‪4-17‬‬ ‫~‪(0~ 10.~ 10~~~-))0.~5‬‬ ‫‪5~1111~011..,~~1~~ 111~1~. 4-83.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪4-22.‬‬ ‫‪~~))~~1‬‬ ‫‪~~00.‬‬ ‫‪4-18‬‬ ‫‪(0~ 10.~ 10.~~~-))0.~5~ (1111~011..,~~1~~ 111~1~. 4-93.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪4-23.‬‬ ‫‪~~))~~1‬‬ ‫‪~~00.‬‬ ‫‪4-16‬‬ ‫‪(0~ 10.~ 10.~~~-))0.~5~ (1111~011..,~~1~~ 111~1~. 4-9~.‬‬
‫‪4-24.‬‬ ‫‪~~))~~1‬‬ ‫‪~~00.‬‬ ‫‪4-17‬‬ ‫~‪(0~ 10.~ 10~~~-))0.~5‬‬ ‫‪(1111~011..,~~1~~ 111~1~. 4-%.‬‬
‫‪4-25.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪10~~~-))0~5‬‬ ‫~‪011~1 ~011..,~~1~~ 111~1~. 4-10‬‬ ‫‪15 0))~~~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪(~0111 ~ 10.~~~-()0~5‬‬ ‫‪~ -~011-‬‬
‫~‪11~~1~0 220-‬‬ ‫‪60-1-12 5(1))))1~ ~110 10~ 10~0‬‬ ‫‪~~5151~11~~, 1(.‬‬ ‫‪10 11.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~1~~111~1111‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪111011~1~11~~,‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫=‬ ‫~~)~‪5 1111-1, ~110 10.~ 0‬‬ ‫‪~11~1~5 3~~ ~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪600 ~110 ~2‬‬ ‫‪= 1200.‬‬ ‫~‪~~1~111~1‬‬
‫‪10.~ ))~~)( ~1~~111~1111~~11~~~111~110 10.~ ))~~)( ~11~~~1110( ~011..,~~1~~5.‬‬
‫‪4-26.‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ 5111~1~-))0.35~ 5~1111~011..,~~1~~ 111~1~. 4-11‬‬ ‫‪15 0))~~~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪(~0111 3 120- ~ 60-1-12 5(1))))1‬‬
‫‪~110 115~5 ~11 ~)(1111~11011~11~1~ ~0111~01.‬‬ ‫~~~~~‪10.~ 10~0 ~11~~~111~110. ~11 3..,‬‬ ‫(‪..,~111~ 0‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪15 ~0111111110115‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪0.~5‬‬ ‫~‪11~~11~101‬‬ ‫~‪~1))))1‬‬ ‫(‪1‬‬
‫‪~0111~111.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫‪~)(1111~11011‬‬ ‫~‪~11~1‬‬ ‫‪15 (3‬‬
‫‪= 7//3,‬‬

‫‪122‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫(‪(.,) 113(1110111~ 13~10‬‬ ‫‪01111~111 ~11((~111~ (~) 015-‬‬
‫~‪~31~11131~ 111~ (3) 0111~111 ~~0 3110 ~,01$‬‬
‫(~~‪~13~~111~11113~10(~ 3110 ((1) 111~111~0‬‬ ‫‪13~10(.‬‬

‫‪4-27.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪4-26‬‬ ‫(~‪10( 111~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 11111~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪111~1~. 4-123.‬‬

‫‪4-28.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪4-18‬‬ ‫‪115~111111~1(1~31-311~1~ ~0111(0115‬‬ ‫‪115~0.‬‬

‫‪4-29.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪4-18‬‬ ‫‪11 ~)(1111~~6011-311~1~ ~0111(0115 115~0.‬‬
‫‪4-30.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 5~1111~011~~(1~( 111~1~. 4-11315‬‬ ‫‪0~~(31~0‬‬ ‫~~~‪~11113 511111501031‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬
‫‪3110 15 511~~11~0 1(0111 3 120- ~ 60-1-1~ 511~~1~.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 1030 ~11((~111 ~1111 311 3~~(3‬‬ ‫~‪~3111‬‬
‫‪01/.‬‬ ‫‪15 ~011611110115 ~111111~~11~101~ (1~~1~ ~0111~111.‬‬ ‫~‪111~(~ 3(~ 11~~ ~1115~5 ~~( 11311-~~~1‬‬
‫‪3110‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~1115~5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪= 7.930,01‬‬ ‫‪= 5.820~ ~2 = 300,02‬‬ ‫‪= 16.250~ ~3 = 52.070,03‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪= 5.820.‬‬
‫‪3110 ~5 = 166.250,05‬‬ ‫)‪~31~11131~ 111~ (3‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪127.930‬‬ ‫‪~4 = 133.750,04‬‬ ‫~‪= 16.250‬‬
‫)‪((1‬‬
‫‪(.,) 113(1110111~13~10( 01111~111 ~11((~111~ (~) 015~13~~111~111 13~10(~ 3110‬‬
‫~‪~~0 3110 ~,01$‬‬
‫(~~‪111~111~0‬‬ ‫‪13~10(.‬‬
‫‪0.8.‬‬
‫‪4-31.‬‬ ‫= ‪~~~~31 ~(00. 4-30 10( 11~~ ~1115~5 ~~( 11311-~~~1~ ~1111 ~~1131 ~1115~ ~10111, 1-.1‬‬
‫‪4-32.‬‬ ‫‪/0.. 111(~~-~1135~ 5~1111~011~~(1~( 15 0~~(31~0‬‬ ‫~‪1(0111 3 111(~~-~1135‬‬ ‫‪-~01111~~1~0 220- ~ 60-‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1-1~ 511~~1~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030 ~11((~111 15 ~01111111101153110 1135 11~~11~101~ (1~~1~.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 3~~(3‬‬
‫‪0.5 1111-1.‬‬
‫= ‪1030 ~11((~11115 /~0 = 150 /0.. 3110 ~011111111131111~111011~1311~~ ~~( ~1135~ 15 1-,.‬‬
‫‪0~1~(111111~ 111~ 0~~(13~ 311~1~ 11 (3) ~ = -../6, 3110(.,) ~ = -../3.‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪123‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪5-1 /~~~000~~/0‬‬

‫‪111~(1810(8‬‬

‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪10~-~0‬‬
‫‪81(111~ 8~11~11~8‬‬
‫‪~(1(18,‬‬ ‫‪(100 00‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪111(11~(10 0~ 111(0~0‬‬
‫‪(18 ~(181-(1~110~ 8~11~11~810‬‬
‫‪0~ (1~~11~(111008,‬‬
‫~‪11(1.,,~ (0(10‬‬
‫‪~001(1~1‬‬ ‫~~‪00110‬‬
‫~~‪(~~1(1‬‬
‫‪00 (100 0~~ ~111110 (1 ~~~ (01~(08~~0008‬‬
‫‪(0~~11(101~(11 (100 ~1~~1(0(0~~11(101~(11‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬
‫‪(10.,,(101(1~~8‬‬
‫‪11~00‬‬
‫‪1((1081810/8‬‬
‫‪(~.~.,‬‬
‫‪~10810~).‬‬
‫~(~‪.,,‬‬
‫‪(0(1~ 0~ 0~~((11~0‬‬
‫‪~1(~11110(~(1~~(8.‬‬
‫‪~(10 (1180 0~ 118~0 (18 8~11~11~8.‬‬

‫~‪111~11 8~11~1110‬‬ ‫‪8~~~08,‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬

‫~‪(00.,,10‬‬

‫‪10 (10011100‬‬ ‫‪10 00((0(11‬‬ ‫‪(1~~11~(111008 (18 81(111~ 8~11~11~8, 111~ 111~(1810( (0( 1((10-‬‬
‫)(‪81810‬‬ ‫~‪~1(~11118 ~(10 0‬‬ ‫‪0~81~0~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~(0.,,10‬‬ ‫‪11(0~-0~1(1~,‬‬ ‫‪1(11~1110~, 0.,,~(- (100 1100~(-‬‬
‫‪~11((~01,‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫~~‪.,,011(1‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~11008.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪1((108011~~(8‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬
‫~‪0~1~~110‬‬ ‫_~~)~ ‪(0~~11(101~(1),‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪1(1~(11, ~0811100,‬‬ ‫‪~(0)(1(011~,‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪80 00,‬‬ ‫~‪81~0(118 ~(10 ~(0.,,10‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(1110~ 0( ~001(01‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪81~0(118 ~0( 111~ 111~(1810(8‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫‪1((1081810(8).‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪81(111~ 8~11~11~8‬‬ ‫‪~(10 0~ ~1(1881~1~0 1010‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫~‪1~~~8‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫‪(1~ 8~11~11~8,‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪8~11~11~8.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪(1~ 8~11~11~8‬‬ ‫~‪~(10 0‬‬ ‫‪811001.,,10~0‬‬ ‫‪1010‬‬ ‫)‪((1‬‬
‫‪810~1~-~11(18~,‬‬ ‫)‪(100 (0‬‬
‫‪111(~~-~11(18~.‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ ~(18~ 0~ (1~ 8~11~11~8,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111~(1810(8‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 110~ 0( 0(1111((1) ~0(0-‬‬
‫‪(0111(11~0‬‬ ‫~‪(100 111~ 8~11~1110‬‬ ‫‪8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪18 11(011~0‬‬
‫~~‪0~ 111~ ~(~~11~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ (1~ 811~~)~ (100‬‬
‫~~‪111~ 111(0-0‬‬ ‫~‪11(0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~(1810(8.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪0~ 8~11~11~8 (1(~ ~0(~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0(0(0111(11~0‬‬ ‫~‪(100 111‬‬
‫~‪8~11~1110‬‬ ‫‪8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~~008‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0(0(0111(11100‬‬ ‫~~‪~1(~1111(~ (100 111~ 111(0-0‬‬ ‫‪11(0~ 0~ ~(181‬‬
‫‪111~(1810(8 .‬‬

‫‪124‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫‪,,‬‬
‫‪~,,,‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪.0‬‬
‫‪,,0‬‬ ‫‪~~~1‬‬

‫~‪1‬‬

‫)‪(8‬‬ ‫‪~1~~~~1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)((‪,,0‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬
‫~‪,,‬‬

‫‪~~1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~-~,,,‬‬ ‫‪-----+--‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~,0(0‬‬ ‫‪~--‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬

‫‪~1‬‬
‫~‪,,‬‬

‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪~91‬‬
‫‪~(3818‬‬ ‫‪~~~58‬‬
‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬

‫‪91~1‬‬
‫‪~~1‬‬

‫‪92‬‬ ‫‪(3818‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪~~,5801‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬

‫‪92‬‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫)~(‬ ‫‪~8,,810~015‬‬

‫‪...)~(1..~ 5.1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫)~(‬

‫‪5111~1~-))1188~ 111~(1810( 8~ 8~11~11.‬‬

‫‪~8,,810~015‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬

‫‪111~ ~1(~1111 013~(3111‬‬ ‫~‪01 3 5111~1~-~1135‬‬ ‫~‪11111-~3.,,‬‬ ‫‪5~11~1115‬‬ ‫‪5110~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪5-13,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬
‫‪(,)/‬‬
‫‪111~ 1~0‬‬ ‫‪111~(1510(5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪111 111.,,~(5~ ~3(311~1.‬‬ ‫(‪111~(1510‬‬ ‫‪11 15 11(~0 31‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪(,)/‬‬
‫=‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0 3110 111~(1510( 12 15 11(~0 31‬‬ ‫‪10.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0111~111 .,,0113~~ 15 111~ 53111~ 35 111~ 111~111‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪.,,0113~~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111~(1510(5‬‬ ‫~~‪3~111‬‬ ‫‪5~11~11~5 3110 3(~ 1111~ ~011111111131~0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~3.,,~10(1115‬‬
‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111~111 .,,0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪0111~111 .,,0113~~,‬‬ ‫~(‪3110 0111~111 ~11((~111 3‬‬ ‫‪5110~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪5-10.‬‬
‫‪~1111‬‬ ‫‪311 111011~11.,,~ 1030,‬‬ ‫(‪111~(1510‬‬ ‫‪11 51101110 0~ 11(~0‬‬ ‫‪~11~11 111~ ~11((~111 ~355~5‬‬
‫‪111(011~11111~ 2~(0‬‬ ‫~‪~(055111‬‬ ‫~~‪011(111~ 111~ ~05111.,,~ 11311-~~~1~ 01111~111.,,0113‬‬ ‫(‪3110 111~(1510‬‬
‫~‪12 51101110 0~ 11(~0 ~11~11 111~ ~11((~111 ~355~5 111(011~11 111~ 2~(0 ~(055111~ 011(111~ 111‬‬
‫‪10( 11 3110 12 3(~ 5110~11‬‬
‫‪11~~311.,,~ 11311-~~~1~ 01111~111 .,,0113~~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1(1~~~(111~ ~1115~5‬‬
‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪5-1~.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫‪1113~ 0~ 115~0 11151~30 01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪111~0510(5‬‬ ‫‪35 5110~11 111~1~. 5-2.‬‬

‫‪125‬‬
‫‪58~. 5-2‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪1~,‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪-.,0‬‬

‫‪...~0~~ 5.2‬‬ ‫~~‪$1/181~-()/138~ 1~1‬‬ ‫~‪3‬‬

‫‪8~1(~/1.‬‬

‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫‪111813111311~008‬‬ ‫‪1111~ ~0((~111‬‬ ‫)‪18 /(1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫=‬ ‫~‪/‬‬ ‫‪8111 0)1,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ((118‬‬ ‫‪1111~ ~0((~11118‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬

‫‪/5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪(70‬‬

‫‪/2‬‬ ‫)‪811120)10(0)1‬‬
‫~ =‬ ‫)‪(5-1‬‬
‫‪( 210)0‬‬ ‫~‬
‫)‬ ‫‪-0‬‬
‫(‪5111~~ ~3~11 111)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪~3((1~8‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪0111)1 011~-11311‬‬ ‫‪~)1~1~,‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 3~~(3‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪111(00~11‬‬ ‫(‪~3~11111)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫~‪/‬‬
‫)‪(5-2‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫‪3110 111~ ((118 ~0((~111‬‬ ‫‪01 ~3~11 111)1(1810( 18‬‬

‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪170‬‬
‫‪/.~5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪/~ 811120)1 0(0)1‬‬ ‫~‪/‬‬ ‫)‪(5-3‬‬
‫~‪(2‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪111~ ~1(~011 111 ~1~. 5-13 ~311 0~ (1100111~0 38 8110~11 111 ~1~. 5-33, ~11~(~ 111~ 1~0‬‬
‫‪111)1(1810(8 113~~ 3 ~0(11(11011~311100~ 3110 111~ ~31111~ 81~11318113~~ 3 ~0(11(110111~((1111131.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫(‪111)1(1810( 11 3110 0100~ 1)1 ~01100~1 10( 011~ 11311-~)1~1~ 3110 111)1(1810‬‬
‫‪1)2 ~01100~1 10( 111~ 0111~( 11311-~)1~1~.‬‬
‫~‪12 3110 0100‬‬

‫‪..,‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪0,‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫~‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(38(8 ))0,58 01.1‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪.,‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪..,‬‬ ‫‪~~..,0‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪(3818 ))0~58 0112‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪126‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪..,‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪,‬‬

‫‪--------‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪91‬‬ ‫‪(3819 ~~~595 01.,‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~‪~ 0100~ 0(10‬‬ ‫‪(~~1111~( 3110 3 10)1(1510( 11 35 500~11 111~1~. 5-43 ~311 ~~(10(111‬‬
‫‪10~ 53111~ 11.111~11011‬‬
‫‪35 1031 01 ~1~. 5-13.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~1.1((~1111001.1~010~ 1030 15 3~ 3110 1031‬‬
‫(‪10(01.1~010)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪11 15 0~.‬‬ ‫‪~ 1(31151510( ~311 (~~13~~ 10)1(1510( 11. 10~ 1.11111‬‬ ‫‪~0111-‬‬
‫‪/)/(//,~((/0~(1/‬‬
‫‪~(15111~ 0110~ 1(31151510( (0( 10)1(1510() 3110 0(10~~ (~~1111~( 15 ~110~11 35 3‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫‪5~/((/1.‬‬

‫~‪10~ ~011~~~1 01 5111~1~-~035~ 3~ 5~11~0111~ ~311 0~ ~)(1~110~0 10 10(~~-~035‬‬ ‫‪3~~11-‬‬

‫‪~3110115. 10(~~ 5111~1~-~035~ 5~11~0~5 111~1~. 5-13 ~311 0~ ~01111~~1~0 1010(111 3 10(~~-‬‬
‫‪~035~ 5~11~0 35 500~11111 ~1~. 5-53.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~31111~ 51~1131510( 10)1(1510(5 3110 10~ ~1.1((~111‬‬
‫‪10(01.1~0 11 3(~ 500~11 111~1~. 5-50.‬‬ ‫(‪10~ 1030 ~01.110 0~ ~01111~~1~0 111~110~( ~)1~ 0‬‬
‫‪0~113.‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪(~01.1‬‬ ‫‪10~ 111.11110~( 0110)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~0515,‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~1(~1.111 ~110‬‬ ‫~‪3 0100‬‬ ‫‪3110 3‬‬
‫(‪10)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪51111113( 10 1031 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪5-33‬‬ ‫~‪~311 3150 0~ 1.15~0 10 10(111 3 10(~~-~035‬‬ ‫‪5~11~0‬‬
‫‪35 500~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪5-6.‬‬ ‫~‪111 ~35‬‬ ‫‪011~0‬‬ ‫‪10)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫~~‪111 03‬‬ ‫‪10 03~~,‬‬ ‫~(~‪10‬‬
‫‪15 10~ ~055101111)110‬‬ ‫~‪510‬‬ ‫~‪10~ ~1.1((~111110‬‬ ‫‪111 ~~~()10311-~)1~1~.‬‬ ‫‪131.11~110‬‬ ‫~‪3 0100‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬
‫‪3 10)1(1510(,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~1.1((~111 110‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0111)1 0‬‬ ‫‪510~~~0‬‬ ‫‪111 ~~~()1‬‬ ‫~~‪~)1~1~ 01111~1.11 ~0113‬‬
‫‪3110 10~ (~3~11011‬‬ ‫‪11111~ 0~~0111~5‬‬ ‫‪510~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪10~ (~~~(531 0110(~~-~035‬‬ ‫~‪~0~~( 51.1~~11~0 10 3 1030 ~311 0~ 3~01~~~0 0)1 ~)(1~110111‬‬
‫~‪10~ 10(~~-~035‬‬ ‫‪5~11~0111 ~1~. 5-53 ~1101~0‬‬ ‫‪1110(~ 5111~1~-~035~ 5~11~0~5, 35 500~11‬‬
‫‪3(~ 11.1(11~0011 0)1‬‬
‫‪111~1~. 5-7.‬‬ ‫‪0110~( 110(11131 0~~(311011, 10)1(1510(5 17 10(01.1~0 110‬‬
‫‪(0( 51.1~~(~551011) 3110 10)1(1510(5 11 10(01.1~0 16 3(~ 11.1(11~0011.‬‬
‫~‪~31~ ~1.115~ 11101011111‬‬
‫‪1-111~ ./1 1~~05 1~(11111131(1, 1111~ /3 1~~05 1~(11111131/), 3110 1111~ ~ 1~~05 1~(11111131(.‬‬

‫‪127‬‬
‫‪58~. 5-4‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪,.,‬‬
‫‪/1‬‬

‫‪11‬‬
‫‪~~8‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪/1‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫(‪92‬‬

‫‪93‬‬

‫‪94‬‬
‫(‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪,.,.‬‬

‫‪,.,.‬‬

‫‪,.,.‬‬

‫‪,.,.‬‬

‫‪95‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪,.,.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪96‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪,.,.‬‬

‫‪~1‬‬

‫‪11.~0..~5-5‬‬ ‫~‪1/1(~~-11/13$‬‬ ‫(‪./1~(1$.0‬‬ ‫~‪3‬‬

‫‪$~11~/1.‬‬

‫‪128‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪111~(1..~ 5-6‬‬ ‫~‪111(~~-1111~5‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪~(10 111~-‬‬
‫(‪(1510‬‬ ‫‪~~ 5~11~11.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(1(~ 11.1(11~0 011 0)1‬‬
‫(~‪0110‬‬ ‫~‪~0(1$~-(~~~($111‬‬ ‫‪0~~((111011,‬‬‫‪10)1(1$10($‬‬ ‫‪12, 13, 15,‬‬ ‫‪(1110 16‬‬ ‫(‬
‫‪(1(~ 0~~((111~~.‬‬ ‫‪1-111~ 13 1~~0$ 1~(111111(11‬‬
‫‪~(11~ ~1.11$~ (1110 10)1(1$10($‬‬ ‫‪17 10(01.1~0‬‬ ‫‪110‬‬
‫‪(1 ~0(1$~ (~~~($(11‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(1~~11~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪(1110 1111~ ~ 1~~0$ 1~(111111(11 /), (~$1.111111~ 111‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪10(10.‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫~‪001(1111 ~0(1$‬‬ ‫‪(~~~($(11,‬‬ ‫~‪(11110‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~$‬‬ ‫~‪1111.1$10‬‬ ‫‪10)1(1$10($.‬‬ ‫‪,6,. ~0111-‬‬
‫‪0111(111011 0110)1(1$10($‬‬ ‫‪(1110 0100~$‬‬ ‫‪(1$ $00~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪5-6‬‬ ‫‪~(1111101 0~ 1.1$~0~ 010~(~1$~,‬‬
‫~‪~0(1$~-10-~0(1$‬‬ ‫‪$00(1‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.111$ ~01.110‬‬ ‫‪0~~1.1(.‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪129‬‬
‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪5-4‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫‪.2‬‬ ‫‪.2.‬‬
‫‪-..1‬‬ ‫‪-..0‬‬ ‫‪~~-..2‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪3 ~(3~11~31‬‬
‫~~(‪110(11131500‬‬
‫)‪3110 (2‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪51311~ 5~11~11~5‬‬
‫‪50~~1)1‬‬

‫~~‪0110~(~0113‬‬
‫‪~311 0~ 05~0‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪005‬‬ ‫(~‪1(31151‬‬
‫‪5)151~111, 11 15 50111~11111~5 (~().01(~0‬‬
‫~~‪10 311 311~(11311‬‬ ‫~~(‪500‬‬
‫~~‪0( 0~~(~0113‬‬
‫~~(‪1(0111 011~ 500‬‬
‫‪10 5~11~11‬‬
‫‪10 3110111~(.‬‬
‫‪111~ 1030‬‬
‫‪111~35~ 01 (1) 0113~311301111)101110(11131500(~~,‬‬
‫‪~0110111011 01110(11131 500(~~.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~0‬‬ ‫‪5-8 5110~5‬‬
‫‪111‬‬
‫~‪1(0111 111‬‬

‫~‪3 5111~1~-~1135‬‬ ‫‪005‬‬ ‫‪1(31151~( 5~11~11.‬‬ ‫‪~11~11 111)1(1510(5 1) 3110 12 3(~ 0~~(311~~,‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪15 ~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫~~~(‪10 111~ 110(11131 500‬‬ ‫‪3110 10( 1(31151~( 10 311 311~(11311~~ 500(~~,‬‬
‫‪111)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫~(‪1~ 3110 1~ 3‬‬ ‫‪0~~(311~~,‬‬ ‫~‪~1111‬‬ ‫)‪1‬‬ ‫‪3110 12 3(~ 10(11~0 011 0)1 ~31~ 51~1131‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪111111011111~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪~)(1~1151011 01 5111~1~-~1135‬‬ ‫‪005‬‬ ‫~‪1(31151~( 10 111(~~-~1135‬‬ ‫‪1(31151~( 15‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪5-9.‬‬

‫~‪111 111~ ~35‬‬ ‫‪01 0~ 5~11~11~5,‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 111~01 ~0113‬‬ ‫(~~‪15 0~ 3110 ~0‬‬ ‫‪1(31151510(5‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬
‫‪1351-‬‬
‫‪5~11~11111~ 111)1(1510(5 ~311 0~ 05~0.‬‬ ‫~~‪011‬‬ ‫‪3 111)1(1510( 15 10(11~0‬‬ ‫‪011, 11111051‬‬ ‫‪0~ 10(11~0‬‬
‫‪0110)110(~~0‬‬ ‫(‪~011111101311011 3110 111~ 1~~11111().0~510‬‬ ‫‪10(~~0‬‬ ‫‪~011111101311011 3(~ 015~055~0‬‬

‫‪130‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫*~‬

‫‪~~--‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬
‫‪00‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬
‫~~~~~‪5‬‬

‫‪..1~11..~ 5-10‬‬ ‫~‪511181~-~01‬‬ ‫~‪1(31151510( 0‬‬

‫‪5~11~/1.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪10 ~03.,1~( 3. ~ 510~1~-.,01~ 1(3051510( 5~11~015 500~010‬‬ ‫~~‪~1~. 5-10, ~1103 (~51511‬‬
‫‪1030~ 300 10 ~35~ 0~ 30 1000~11~~ 1030, 3 0100~ (35 500~0 0)10350~0‬‬ ‫~‪110~5) 1110510‬‬
‫‪~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪3~(055 10~ 1030 10 .,(01~~110‬‬ ‫‪1(3051510( 00(10~ 5~11~0-0~~.‬‬ ‫‪10~ 510~1~-‬‬
‫‪.,01~ 5~11~0~5 ~30 3150 0~ ~)(1~00~0 10 005 1(305~~( ~(0111 00~ 500(~~ 10 30010~(.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1~ ~0(~~0 ~01111110131~0 10)1(1510(5 3(~ 05~0, 10~ ~01111110131100 ~1(~011 15 30 10-‬‬
‫(~~‪1~~(31 .,3(1 0~ 10~ 5~11~0 300 3 1)1.,1~310~ 5~11~0 ~0(01~0-()0‬‬ ‫‪3()()11~311005 15 500~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~. 5-11.‬‬ ‫~‪1~ 10)1(1510( 13 15 ~1(~0, 10~ ~3()3~110( ~ 15 ~03(~~0 10(00~010‬‬ ‫‪50()()1)1,‬‬
‫‪1., 300 13.‬‬ ‫(‪~(0111 ~~5. (3-2) 300 (3-3), 10~ ~03(~10~ ~0((~01 300 10~ ~3()3~110‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~)(()(~55~0‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫)‪(5-4‬‬

‫)‪(5-5‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫)‪~0~(~ 0.‬‬
‫‪~~1~( 11111~( = (0‬‬
‫‪15 ~03(~~0‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪1/~ 1.,~.‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪10 2~5.‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫~‪10~ ~03(~10‬‬
‫~‪1~ 10)1(1510( 1115 ~0000~110‬‬
‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫(‪0~~0111~5 2~(0 300 10~ ~3()3~110‬‬
‫(~~‪10 50()()1)1 ()0‬‬
‫‪12 15 ~1(~0 10 5~11~0 11 0~1. ~1(10~ 12 ~305~5 3 (~500301 ()015~ 01 ~0((~01 10(00~0‬‬
‫(‪1010~ 1030, 10)1(1510‬‬

‫‪~3()3~110( ~, 1000~10( 1.,, 300 10)1(1510( 12. ~5 10~ (~500301 ~0((~0110~(~35~5,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫(‪~0((~0110(00~010)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪11 (~00~~5.‬‬ ‫‪~0~0‬‬ ‫‪10~ (~500301 ~0((~01 (15~5 10 10~ 1030‬‬
‫‪~0((~01,‬‬ ‫‪/ /-, 10~ ~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪0~ 10)1(1510( 11 ~3115 10 2~(0‬‬ ‫‪300 10)1(1510( 11 15 10(0~0‬‬ ‫‪0~1.‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪..1~11..~ 5-11‬‬ ‫(‪511181~-(101~ 1/1~(1510‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬

‫‪5~11~/1.‬‬

‫‪131‬‬
‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪5-6‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫‪,,0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(‪~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪015~03(~~5‬‬ ‫‪10(011~0‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪(~5151311~~,‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪1(~~~0~~1111‬‬ ‫‪0100~,‬‬
‫‪/),-,-,, 3~(055‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪15 11~~~553()1‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪311 111011~11~~ 1030.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(‪~3~3~110‬‬ ‫~‪1111151 0‬‬
‫‪015~03(~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111~1~1~1)1‬‬ ‫‪111 ~~~()1‬‬ ‫~‪5~11~0111‬‬ ‫~~‪3~11011~ 3110 3 11~~311‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫~‪011 10‬‬
‫(‪~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ ~(~~~111~0‬‬ ‫(‪0)1 ~01111~~1111~ 3 (~51510‬‬ ‫~‪3110 3 0100‬‬ ‫‪35 500~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪5-11‬‬ ‫‪0)1 0350~0‬‬ ‫‪1111~5.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪0~ 5~11~0~5‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬ ‫‪3~~11~0‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫(~~‪01 ~0‬‬ ‫~‪110‬‬ ‫‪111 ,,,~()1‬‬
‫‪01~0‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪3110 01~0‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111 3~~11~3110115‬‬ ‫‪(~.~.,‬‬ ‫)(‪11151011 (~3~10‬‬ ‫~‪(1) 3110 10~5‬‬ ‫‪~311 3150‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪115~0‬‬ ‫~‪35 1351-3~1111‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫(~~‪0(~3‬‬ ‫‪(2).‬‬ ‫‪11151~30‬‬ ‫‪011(31151510(5,‬‬ ‫‪~31~-111(11-011‬‬
‫‪10)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫)‪(0105‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ 115~0.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪010‬‬ ‫~‪15 111(11~0 011 0)110‬‬ ‫‪3~~11~311011‬‬ ‫‪013‬‬ ‫‪500(1‬‬
‫~‪~05111,,,‬‬ ‫~‪~1115~ 10 115 ~31‬‬ ‫~‪51111113( 10 10~ 110(1113110)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪00~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪3 010‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬
‫~‪111(11~0 011 0)1 3~~1)1111‬‬ ‫‪3 500(1‬‬ ‫~~‪11~~311‬‬ ‫~‪~1115~ 10 115 ~31‬‬ ‫‪3110 11 00~5‬‬ ‫~(‪1101 (~().111‬‬
‫‪311)1 ~0111111111311011 ~1(~1111()1.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪5111~1~-~01‬‬ ‫‪010‬‬ ‫‪5~11~0‬‬ ‫‪15 500~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪5-12.‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪51311~ 5~11~0~5‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0~ 115~0 35 50110-5131‬‬ ‫‪(~13)15 (55~5),‬‬ ‫‪~01~0‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫~‪115~0 10( 10‬‬
‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪01 3~ 3110 0~ ~0~~(.‬‬ ‫‪55~5‬‬ ‫‪11110 111311)1 3~~11~3110115‬‬ ‫‪111 11101151(131 ~0111(01‬‬
‫‪(~.~.,‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫(‪01 111010‬‬ ‫‪10305,‬‬ ‫‪1(311510(111~(5,‬‬ ‫~~‪(~5151311‬‬ ‫‪0~31111~,‬‬ ‫)‪~1~.‬‬ ‫~~‪10 (~~13‬‬
‫‪~1~~1(0111~~03111~31‬‬ ‫‪(~13)15.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪3~ 3~~11~3110115,‬‬ ‫‪10)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪0( 1~1~~5‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0~ 115~0‬‬
‫‪3110‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪3~~11~3110115,‬‬ ‫‪1(31151510(5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪115~0.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪55~5‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 110(111311)1 150131~0‬‬
‫‪~1~~1(1~311)1‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫~‪~1(~1111 3110 10‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111 0)1 (~~0‬‬ ‫‪(~13)1,‬‬ ‫‪1(3115-‬‬
‫‪10(111~(,‬‬ ‫‪0( 0~10~011~1~(.‬‬
‫~(‪~1~11‬‬ ‫‪5-13‬‬ ‫‪500~5‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪0351~ ~1(~11115 10( 0~ 55~5,‬‬ ‫‪011~ ~110‬‬ ‫‪(~~0‬‬ ‫‪(~13)11501311011‬‬
‫(~‪3110 10~ 010‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫‪311 0~10~011~1~(.‬‬ ‫‪~110011~0‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 5111~1~-~035‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪5-13‬‬
‫~‪~311 0~ 115~0 10 0~~(31‬‬ ‫‪35 311 55~,‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~1(~1111111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪5-2 ~110‬‬ ‫~~‪3 1~1‬‬ ‫‪15 110(111311)1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪.~ ~1,0‬‬
‫‪--1‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪,,‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪-.1‬‬
‫‪-- - ,‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪3 ---‬‬
‫~‬

‫~‬
‫‪(..,‬‬
‫~‪(8) 0~(000~~~8‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫~‪(~) 888‬‬ ‫‪~8,8~ ~50~8(~0,,‬‬

‫~‪..1~0..‬‬ ‫‪5-13‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~(‪50110-5(3‬‬ ‫‪~~)3~5.‬‬

‫‪132‬‬
 ‫‪+‬ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪+‬‬

‫‪~~~. 1-‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬
‫~~~~~‪5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪+‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫(‪1.15~0 10‬‬
‫‪1~1~~.‬‬
‫‪0()10~01.1()1~(.‬‬
‫~‪1~..,~15, 10‬‬
‫‪3~ ()0~~(,‬‬

‫~‪10~ ~0111()1~)(11‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~1~1.1(~ 5-14‬‬
‫~‪1110‬‬
‫~‪0~~31.15‬‬
‫‪500~5‬‬
‫~‪01 10‬‬
‫‪55~5‬‬
‫‪3()()11~311011‬‬
‫‪~1(~1.111111 ~1~.‬‬
‫~‪0110‬‬
‫‪5-13‬‬
‫‪~110‬‬
‫‪(~~1.11(~111~111‬‬
‫‪(~~0‬‬
‫‪(~~1.11(~111~1115‬‬
‫‪(~13~,‬‬

‫~‪~311 3150 0~ 1.15~0 10 0()~(31‬‬

‫‪~31111~ ~1(~1.111 ~01.110‬‬
‫(‪01 0111~ 011~ ~31111~ ~1(~1.111 10‬‬
‫(~‪3 1(311510(111‬‬
‫‪0~1113110‬‬

‫‪111~(~35~.‬‬
‫‪10~(1510(5‬‬
‫~‪35 311 55‬‬
‫‪1501311011,3110311‬‬
‫‪10( 01~0‬‬
‫(~~‪()0‬‬

‫‪~..,~11 1001.1~0‬‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪50110-5131‬‬ ‫‪5~11~0~5‬‬ ‫~‪3(~ 3..,311301‬‬ ‫‪~0111111~(~1311~ ~110 1111111~0 ..,0113~~ 3110 ~1.1((~111‬‬
‫‪...,.‬‬ ‫~(‪1111 15 11~~~553‬‬ ‫‪10 0~51~11‬‬
‫‪(31111~5‬‬ ‫~ ‪(311~111~ 1(0111 1‬‬ ‫‪10 50‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪3110 1.1() 10 440‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪55~5‬‬ ‫‪10 111~~1 5()~~111~ (~~1.11(~111~1115,‬‬ ‫‪10~ 0~51~11 15 51111()1~ 3110 (~~1.11(~5‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~(111111111‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪()(0-‬‬
‫~~‪10~ ..,0113‬‬ ‫(~~‪3110 ~1.1((~111 (31111~5 01 ()0‬‬ ‫(‪5~1111~01101.1~10‬‬ ‫‪0~..,1~~5.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪0~51~11‬‬
‫‪~~01.1(~5‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ 1111.151(31~0 0~ ~)(3111()1~5.‬‬

‫~))(‪~)(801‬‬ ‫‪5-1‬‬

‫‪~ 8111~1~-~1138~ 3~ 8~11~11 ~1111 ~01111~1.1(311011111~1~. 5-13‬‬ ‫‪18 1.18~0 0~1~~~11 3 120- ~ 60-‬‬
‫(~~‪)(~ 31 3 ~0‬‬ ‫‪13~10( 010.88‬‬
‫‪112 81.1~~1~ 3110 311 11101.1~11~~1030.‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ 1030 ~0‬‬ ‫‪18 5‬‬
‫‪13~~111~.‬‬ ‫~~‪0~1~(111111~ 111~ (3) ~0113‬‬ ‫~‪3110 ~1.1((~111 (31111~8 01111~(1810(8‬‬ ‫)‪3110 (0‬‬ ‫~‪11(111‬‬
‫‪311~1~8 01111~(1810(8.‬‬

‫‪133‬‬
‫‪5€~.‬‬ ‫‪5-8‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪80101100‬‬ ‫‪/10‬‬ ‫‪= 5000 ~, ~11 = 0.88, 3110~$ = 120~.‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪(3) 111~ ~~3/( 1030 ~1.1~~~111,‬‬
‫‪1,,,‬‬
‫‪= -0‬‬ ‫‪5000/(120 )( 0.88) = 66.96~.‬‬ ‫‪11~0(11‬‬
‫‪~().. (5-2) 111~3~~~3~~ ~1.1~~~111,‬‬‫‪13~= 66.96/10‬‬
‫‪= 21.31 ~ 3110 1~0(11~().. (5-3) 111~~(118‬‬
‫‪~1.1~~~111,1,1115= 66.96/2 = 33.48~.‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ ~~(1~ 111~~~$~ ~0110.~~,~1‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪120‬‬
‫~=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪169.7 ~.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~08 6 = 0.88 0~ 6‬‬ ‫‪1111.18111~ 11~111~311~1~ 0111 18 ~1 = 28.3603110‬‬
‫‪= 28.360.‬‬
‫= ‪10~ 111~~1810~ 12, ~2‬‬ ‫‪1800 + 28.360‬‬
‫‪= 208.360.‬‬
‫‪~1(301))1~ 5-2‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~ 111~~~-~1138~ 3~ 8~11~11 ~1111 ~01111~1.1~311011111111~. 5-53 18 1.18~0 0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫~‪3 111~~~-~1138‬‬
‫~‪440-‬‬ ‫‪60-1-12 81.1~~1~ 3110 3 111~~~-~1138~ ~~~-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪1030.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030 ~0~~~ 18 20‬‬
‫‪/(~ 31 3 ~0~~~ 13~10~ 01 0. 707 13~~111~. 0~1~~(11111~ 111~ ~0113~~ 3110 ~1.1~~~111~31111~8‬‬
‫‪01111~~1810~8.‬‬

‫‪80101100‬‬ ‫‪/10‬‬ ‫‪= 20,000~,‬‬ ‫~‪~11 = 0.707, ~/.. = 440~, 3110~$ = 440/‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪= 254.03~.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪1111~ ~1.1~~~111 18 ~31~1.1131~0‬‬ ‫~~~‪1~0(11 111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬

‫‪20,000‬‬
‫= ‪1$‬‬
‫~ ‪0.707 = 37.119‬‬
‫()‬
‫~‬ ‫‪440‬‬ ‫()‬

‫‪111~ ~~3/( ~1.1~~~111‬‬

‫‪013 111~11810~,1,,,‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪= -0‬‬ ‫‪37.119 = 52.494~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 3~~~3~~ ~1.1~~~111‬‬
‫‪01 3 111~~1810~,13~ = 52.494/10‬‬
‫‪= 16. 71~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(118~1.1~~~111‬‬
‫= ‪01 3 111~~1810~,1,,,.,,‬‬
‫‪52.474/2 = 26.247~.‬‬ ‫= ‪111~ ~~3/( 111~~~8~~0113~~ 013 111~~1810~,~1~ = -0 )( 440‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪762.1 ~.‬‬

‫‪$0110-81(11~ (1~ (100 0~ 8~11~11~8 11(1~~ (1 011~0~( 01 (10~(101(1~~8 0~~( ~00~~01100(11‬‬

‫‪~1~~1(0~~~11(101~(11 8~11~11~8 (100 (~1(1)18. ~1111 111~ 0~~~10~~~018‬‬ ‫(~~‪01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪8~~1-‬‬
‫‪~00011~10( 0~~1~~8 (100 101~~((11~0 ~1(~11118, 81(111~8~11~11~8 ~(10 1100 (1 ~10~ ((10~~ 01‬‬
‫‪(1~~11~(111008 10 1001181(1(11~001(01.‬‬ ‫(‪$1(111~ 8~11~11~8 ~(10 0~ 101~(1(1~~0 ~1111 01~11(110‬‬
‫‪~0~~111~( ~001(01 8)181~~8.‬‬

‫‪1. ~.‬‬ ‫‪11. ~~3~~,‬‬ ‫‪..0~1311~0‬‬ ‫‪0~81~11 013‬‬ ‫‪13-/(~,‬‬ ‫~(‪13-/‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪80110 8131~ 11.1~11-0118~11~11.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪1110-/-/5(,)1.4~~//~0(/0115‬‬ ‫~~‪~011/~,~11‬‬ ‫‪8.~~0,0-,‬‬ ‫‪1985,‬‬
‫‪~~. 1221-1226.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪~. 11. 03~8011,‬‬ ‫‪1,. ~. 1,3118111~, 3110 8. 13. 0~~311,‬‬ ‫‪..~ 1381 0~ ~1.1~~~1110~~3/(~~.,,‬‬
‫~~~‪1‬‬
‫‪1,01150~(/0115‬‬ ‫‪011 1110-/-/5(,)1.4~~//~0(/0115,‬‬ ‫‪~01.‬‬ ‫‪1~21, ~0. 5, 1985,‬‬
‫‪~~. 1176-1181.‬‬

‫‪5-1.‬‬ ‫‪~113118‬‬ ‫‪3 81311~ 8~11~117‬‬

‫‪5-2.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3~~ 111~ 0111~~~11~~8 0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪3~ 3110 0~ 8~11~11~87‬‬

‫‪134‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪5-3.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3~~ 111~ 30..,31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪01 51311~ 5~11~11~5 0..,~~ 111~~113111~310~ ~1~~1~0111~~113111~31‬‬
‫‪5~11~11~57‬‬
‫‪5-4. ~1131 3~~ 111~ 30..,31113~~5 3110 01530..,31113~~5 01111..,~~5~-~3~311~1111~~1510~ 3~ 5~11~11~5 7‬‬
‫~‪5-5. ~1131 3~~ 111~ 30..,31113~~5 3110 01530..,31113~~5 011~1,4.‬‬ ‫‪3~ 5~11~11~57‬‬
‫‪5-6. ~1131 3~~ 111~ 30..,31113~~5 3110 01530..,31113~~5 01 0100~ 3110 111~~1510~ 3~ 5~11~11~5 7‬‬
‫‪5-7. ~1131 3~~ 111~ 30..,31113~~5 3110 01530..,31113~~5 01000~~ ~~~1111~~3110 111~0510~ 3~ 5~11~11~57‬‬
‫‪5-8. ~1131 3~~ 111~ ~11~~15 011030 111011~1311~~ 011 111~ ~31111~ ~~~111~~111~111501 3~ 5~11~11~57‬‬
‫‪5-9. ~113115 111~ ~~111~1~1~ 01 0~~~311011 01 55~57‬‬
‫‪5-10. ~1131 3~~ 111~ 111~111005 01150131111~ 111~ ~0111~01 ~1~~11111~0111 111~ 1030 ~1~~111101 55~57‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪5-11. ~1131 3~~ 111~ 13~10~5 111..,01..,~0 111111~ 0~51~11 01 0~ 5~11~11~57‬‬
‫‪5-12. ~1131 3~~ 111~ 13~10~5 111..,01..,~0 111111~ 0~51~11 01 3~ 5~11~11~57‬‬
‫‪5-13. ~11311~~~ 01 ~011111111131101115 ~~~111~~0 10~ 0~ 5~11~11~57‬‬
‫‪5-14. ~11311~~~ 01 ~011111111131101115 ~~~111~~0 10~ 3~ 5~11~11~57‬‬

‫‪5-1. ,4.‬‬

‫‪5-2.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪5-3.‬‬

‫‪5-4.‬‬

‫‪5-5.‬‬
‫‪5-6.‬‬
‫~~‪111111~ 0~10‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪5111~1~-~1135~ 3~ 5~11~11 ~1111 ~01111~11~311011111 ~1~. 5-13 15 115~0 0~1~~~11‬‬
‫‪1-12 1113111511~~1~ 3110 311 111011~11..,~1030.‬‬
‫‪01 0. 90 13~~111~.‬‬
‫~~~‪111~ 1030 ~0‬‬

‫‪0~1~~111111~ 111~ 11~111~311~1~5 01111~~1510~5 11 3110 12 111~~00.‬‬

‫~(‪15 15 /‬‬

‫‪,4. 5111~1~-~1135~ 3~ 5~11~11 ~1111 ~01111~11~311011 111~1~. 5-33 15 115~0 0~1~~~11‬‬

‫‪1-12 1113111511~~1~ 3110 311 111011~11..,~1030.‬‬
‫‪01 0. 90 13~~111~.‬‬
‫~~~‪111~ 1030 ~0‬‬
‫‪5-1.‬‬

‫~(‪15 15 /‬‬
‫‪0~1~~111111~ 111~ ..,0113~~ 3110 ~11~~~111~31111~5 01 0100~5‬‬
‫‪,4. 5111~1~-~1135~ 3~ 5~11~11 ~1111 ~01111~11~311011 111~1~. 5-43‬‬
‫‪1-12 1113111511~~1~ 3110 311 111011~11..,~1030.‬‬
‫‪010.9013~~111~.‬‬
‫~~~‪111~ 1030 ~0‬‬
‫~~~‪31 3 ~0‬‬
‫‪0~1~~111111~ 111~ ..,0113~~ 3110 ~11~~~111~31111~5 01111~ 111~~1510~5.‬‬

‫‪15 115~0 0~1~~~11‬‬

‫~(‪15 15 /‬‬
‫~‪3 120-‬‬
‫~‪13~10‬‬

‫‪3 120- ~ 60-‬‬

‫~~~‪31 3 ~0‬‬
‫‪3110 111~~1510~5.‬‬

‫‪0~1~~111111~ 111~ ..,0113~~ 3110 ~11~~~111~31111~5 01111~ 111~~1510~ 3110 0100~5‬‬

‫‪~~~1111~~.‬‬
‫‪0~1~~111111~ 111~ 11~111~311~1~5 01111~~1510~5 11 111~~00.‬‬ ‫‪5-4.‬‬
‫‪,4. 111~~~-~1135~ 3~ 5~11~11 ~1111 ~01111~11~311011111~1~. 5-53 15 115~0 0~1~~~11‬‬
‫~‪440-‬‬ ‫‪60-1-12 511~~1~ 3110 3 111~~~-~1135~ ~~~-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪1030.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030 ~0~~~ 15 20‬‬
‫‪3 120- ~ 60-‬‬
‫~~~‪31 3 ~0‬‬
‫‪60-‬‬

‫~‪13~10‬‬

‫~‪13~10‬‬

‫~‪3 111~~~-~1135‬‬

‫‪/(~ 31 3 ~0~~~ 13~10~ 010.86‬‬ ‫‪13~~111~. 0~1~~111111~ 111~ ..,0113~~ 3110 ~11~~~111~31111~5 01‬‬
‫‪111~~1510~5.‬‬
‫‪5-7.‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~111111~ 111~ 11~111~311~1~5 01111~~1510~5 111~~00.‬‬ ‫‪5-6.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪5-8.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~~00.‬‬ ‫‪5-6 10~ 3 0~113-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪1030.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪5-9.‬‬ ‫‪,4. 111~~~-~1135~ 3~ 5~11~11 ~1111 ~01111~11~311011111~1~. 5-61135‬‬ ‫~‪3 111~~~-~1135~ 440-‬‬ ‫‪60-1-12‬‬
‫‪111~1113110 3 111~~~-~1135~ ~~~-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪1030.‬‬ ‫~~~‪111~ 1030 ~0‬‬ ‫~(‪15 20 /‬‬ ‫~~~‪31 3 ~0‬‬
‫‪13~10~ 01 0.86‬‬ ‫‪13~~111~.‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~111111~ 111~ ..,0113~~ 3110 ~11~~~111 ~31111~5 01 0100~5‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬
‫‪111~~1510~5.‬‬
‫‪..,0113~~,‬‬
‫‪5-10.‬‬ ‫~‪,4. 111~~1510~ 0~ 5~11~11111 ~1~. 5-111135 31030 ~~5151311~~, ~~ = 5 0~ 0~ 511~~1‬‬
‫‪(7‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪,.,..~.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~~111111‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫= ‪~5 = 220 ~~ 111011~1311~~, 1.‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫~‪,.,..1-1‬‬
‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪~3~3~11311~~,‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪(3) ~~3/( ~11~~~111111~011~11111~~1510~ 13, 3110 (~) 11111~~~~111~~0 10 ~~011~~ 111~ ~11~~~11101‬‬
‫~‪111~~1510~ 11 1~0111 111~ 51~30~-5131‬‬ ‫‪..,3111~ 10 2~~0.‬‬

‫‪135‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪5-11.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪5-10,‬‬ ‫‪0~1~((11111~ 111~ 11(11~ (~().111(~0 10( 111~ ~(1~(1~110( 10 015~11(1(~~ 1(0(11 21/,‬‬
‫‪10 2~(0‬‬ ‫(‪(111~( 111~ 11011~ 01111~(1510‬‬ ‫‪12.‬‬
‫‪5-12.‬‬ ‫‪~ 111~(1510( 0~ 8~11~11111 ~1~. 5-1111(18 (110(10 (~8151(111~~,‬‬
‫‪~1- = 0.5 .0~ 511~~1~ .,,011(1~~,‬‬
‫‪1/, = 220 ~ ~ 111011~1(111~~,1.‬‬
‫~‪= 40 ~1-1~ 3.110 ~3.~3.~113.11~~, ~ = 80 ~)=0. 11111~ ~~11~111‬‬
‫‪0~~((11~0 (11 (11(~().11~11~~ 0160 1-12, 0~1~((11111~ 111~ (3) ~~(1/(, ((115, (1110 (1.,,~((1~~ ~11((~1115‬‬
‫‪01111~(1510(8‬‬ ‫‪11, 12, (1110 13~ (1110 (/)) ((118 ~11((~111 ((1611~ 01 ~(1~(1~110(.‬‬
‫‪5-13.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪5-12,‬‬ ‫‪0~1~((11111~ 111~ 6(11~ (~().111(~0 10( 111~ ~(1~(1~110( 10 015~11(1(~~ 1(0(11 21/,‬‬
‫‪10 2~(0‬‬ ‫(‪(111~( 111~ 11(111~ 01111~(1810‬‬ ‫‪12.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪136‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~~ 03.,,~ 5~~11111~03~1~( 510(110)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ 0~~(31~0 35 5~11~0~5.‬‬
‫‪5~11~0 15 ~01111~~1~0 0~1~~~11 3~ 511~~1)1 3110 1030, 10~ ~0~~( 110~ ~311 0~ ~0111(011~0‬‬
‫(‪11(10)1(1510‬‬

‫(~~‪0)1 .,,3()11118 10~ (((15 .,,3111~ 01 3~ .,,01138~ 3~~11~0 10 10~ 1030~ 3110 1015 1)1~~ 01 ~0‬‬
‫‪~1(~111115 ~110~11 35 311 (1~ 110/((115€~011(,.0//€,..‬‬
‫‪.,,01138~ ~0111(011~(5 3(~~ 11101151(1310~311118, 011-1030‬‬
‫‪~0111(015, 5~~~0 ~0111(01 01 ~01)1~035~ 111011~11011‬‬
‫~‪10~ ((1051 ~0((1((1011 3~~11~3110115 01 3‬‬
‫‪1(311510(((1~( 13~ ~031181118, 11801‬‬
‫‪((1010(5, 3110 3~ ((13811~1 ~0111(015.‬‬

‫~‪~0( ~0~~( 1(31151~(, 1~0 1)1~~5 01 ~0111(01 3(~ 110(((1311)1115~0‬‬

‫‪1. 011-011 ~0111(01‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪2. ~035~-31181~ ~0111(01‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪111 011-011‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01, 10)1(1510( 5~11~0~5‬‬ ‫~‪~01111~~110‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪10 10~ 3~ 5011(~~ 10( 3‬‬
‫~~‪1‬‬ ‫(‪~)1~1~5 01111~111 .,,01138~ 3110 10~11 015~01111~~11110‬‬ ‫(~‪311010‬‬ ‫‪1~~ ~)1~1~5.‬‬ ‫~‪111 ~035‬‬
‫‪~0111(01,‬‬ ‫(‪10)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪5~11~0~5‬‬ ‫~‪~01111~~110‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫~~(‪10 3~ 5011‬‬ ‫‪10( 3 ~0(11011‬‬ ‫‪01 ~3~0‬‬ ‫~‪~)1~1‬‬
‫‪01111~111‬‬ ‫‪.,,01138~.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪3~ .,,01138‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~(5‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬ ‫‪~1355111~0‬‬ ‫‪11110 1~0‬‬ ‫)‪1)1~~5~ (1‬‬ ‫~‪511181~-~035‬‬
‫‪~0111(011~(5‬‬ ‫~‪3110 (2) 10(~~-~035‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~(5.‬‬ ‫‪~3~0‬‬ ‫‪1)1~~ ~311 0~ 511001.,,10~0‬‬ ‫)‪11110 (3‬‬
‫‪~0111(01 3110 (0) 0101(~~1101131 0( 11111-~3.,,~ ~0111(01.‬‬ ‫~(~‪10‬‬
‫~‪1111101(~~1101131 0( 0311-~3.,,‬‬

‫‪137‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪(1(~ ~(1(101.18 ~001181.1((111008‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 111(~~-~11(18‬‬ ‫‪~001(011~(8‬‬
‫‪0~~~00108‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~000~~11008‬‬
‫‪0~ 111)1(1810( 8~11~11~8.‬‬
‫~~‪510‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10~1.11 ~011(18~ 18 (1~, 111)1(1810(8 (1(~ 110~ ~0((1((11.11(11~0~ (100 ~11(18~-~001(01‬‬
‫‪111)1(1810(8,‬‬ ‫~~‪~111~11 (1(~ (~1(111~~1)110~)(~~081‬‬ ‫‪(100 810~~~ 111(101(181-8~11(11111~ 111)1~1810~8,‬‬
‫‪(1(~ 00(((1(111)1 1.18~0.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪(1~~11~(111008‬‬ ‫‪1.1~ 10 400 1-12, 1~ 1~1~~8‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ (1~(111(101~ 10‬‬
‫~‪((1~~1111‬‬ ‫~‪~011(18‬‬ ‫‪(100 ~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪((111088‬‬ ‫‪0~ (1 ~(1(11~1.11(1( (1~~11~(11100,‬‬ ‫‪1~11-.~8‬‬ ‫~(‪(1(~ ((10‬‬
‫‪~0((1((1001)11.18~0.‬‬
‫(‪01.1~ 10 110~ 0‬‬ ‫‪0(111.1~(11 ~0((1((11.11(11100,‬‬ ‫‪111~(~ 18 00‬‬ ‫‪0~~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~)(1((1 ~0((1((11.11(11100‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~1(~1.111()1 (100‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~1(~1.1118 ~0‬‬ ‫~‪(1~ ~011(18‬‬ ‫‪~001(011~(8‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ ~~()1‬‬ ‫‪81((1~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪01.1~ 10 111‬‬
‫‪0(111.1(~ 0~ 01.11~1.11 ~(1~~~0(((18,‬‬ ‫‪111~ (10(11)1818 ~0( 111~ 0~(1~(111008‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~)(~11~11 ~)(~(~881008‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~~(~0(((1(10‬‬ ‫‪~(1((1((1~1~(8‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~1(~1.1118 (1(~ 001 81((1~1~, ~8~~~1(111)1 ~0( ~11(18~-‬‬
‫‪(1081~-~001(011~0‬‬ ‫‪~00~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫‪~1111 ~1. 10(108.‬‬ ‫~~‪~0( 111~ 8(1~~ 0~ 81((1~11~11)1, (~81811‬‬
‫‪10(108‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ ~00810~(~0‬‬ ‫(~‪10 11118 ~11(1~1‬‬ ‫~(‪10 ~0((1~(1‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~~(~0(((1(10~~8‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~(1(101.18 ~00-‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~181.1((111008.‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪~(10~1~1‬‬ ‫~~‪0~ 00-0‬‬ ‫‪~001(01‬‬ ‫~‪~(10 0‬‬ ‫‪~)(~1(110~0‬‬ ‫‪~1111 (1‬‬
‫~‪81081~-~11(18‬‬ ‫~~‪~1.111-~(1‬‬
‫(~‪~001(011‬‬ ‫‪(18 8110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~18.‬‬ ‫‪6-1(1.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(‪111)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪8~11~11 ~000~~18‬‬ ‫‪111~ (1~ 81.1~~1)110‬‬
‫‪10(10‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪(1 11((1~ (/1~ 111~ 8~11~1118‬‬ ‫‪11.1(0~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~ 0)1 (1 8(11~ ~1.118~ 10111011108‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪11((1~ (0.‬‬
‫‪111~ 00-11((1~,‬‬ ‫‪(/1, 1.181.1(111)1‬‬
‫‪~0081818‬‬ ‫‪0~ (10 101~8((11 01.1((10~( 0~ ~)1~1~8.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111)1(1810(8‬‬
‫~‪(1(~ 11.1(0~0 00 (11 111~ 2~(0-~011(18‬‬ ‫‪~(0881088‬‬ ‫‪0~ (1~ 10~1.11 ~011(18~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 8(11~ ~1.118~8‬‬
‫‪~0( 111)1(1810(8‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪10 ~18. 6-10.‬‬

‫‪10~(11(1 (100‬‬
‫‪0~ ((1010(8).‬‬
‫‪0)1 8~11~11108‬‬
‫‪11 (100‬‬

‫‪11118 1)1~~ 0~ ~001(0118‬‬

‫‪01.1~ 10 2~(0‬‬
‫‪(1~11008‬‬
‫‪12 (100 111~ ~(1~~~0(((18‬‬

‫~‪111811111~(((1(1111((1‬‬
‫‪(1~~11~0‬‬

‫~‪~011(18‬‬
‫‪(1(~ (~01.1~~0.‬‬
‫‪~0081(101‬‬
‫‪8~11~11108‬‬
‫‪(~.8.,‬‬
‫‪~0( 10~1.11 (100 01.11~1.11 ~011(18~8‬‬

‫‪10 (1~~11~(111008,‬‬ ‫~~‪~111~1111(1‬‬

‫‪1001.181(1(1111~(11108‬‬
‫‪0~ 111)1(1810(8,‬‬
‫‪(100‬‬
‫‪111~ 11(1(((1001~8‬‬
‫‪8~~~0‬‬
‫‪(1(~ 8110~0‬‬

‫‪(1111811 ((1~~11(101~(11‬‬
‫‪~001(01‬‬
‫‪8~0~((11~0‬‬

‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪(1 8101.18010(1110~1.11~011(18~, 1)$‬‬

‫= ()‪= ~ 111810 0‬‬ ‫‪-0‬‬ ‫‪~$ 810 0)(.‬‬ ‫‪1~ 111~ 10~1.11‬‬
‫~‪~011(18‬‬ ‫‪18 ~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10 10(10 ~0( 11 ~)1~1~8 (100 18 018~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪~0( 111 ~)1~1~8, 111~ (((18‬‬
‫(‪01.11~1.11 (0‬‬ ‫)‪10(10‬‬ ‫~‪~011(18‬‬ ‫‪~(10 0~ ~01.100 ~(0((1‬‬

‫‪102-..‬‬ ‫‪)1/2‬‬
‫= ‪~0‬‬ ‫)‪(210(1111+ 111‬‬ ‫~~‪2‬‬ ‫)()‪8102 0)( €/(0‬‬
‫)‪(6-1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪11).‬‬
‫‪$‬‬ ‫~‪=11‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪$‬‬
‫‪111+11‬‬

‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫(‪/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪11/(111‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪11) (100 /( 18 ~(111~0 111~ €//1/)19~/~.‬‬ ‫‪~$ 18 111~ (((18 ~11(18~ ~011(18~.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~1(~1.111 ~00~181.1((111008‬‬ ‫~~‪~0( 00-0‬‬ ‫‪~001(01‬‬ ‫(‪(1(~ 81((111(1‬‬
‫‪10 11108~ 0~ ~11(18~ ~001(01‬‬
‫~~‪(100 111~ ~~(~0(((1(10‬‬ ‫‪(10(11)1818 18 (1180 81((111(1(.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪111~8~ (~(18008,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~11(18~-~001(01‬‬
‫‪1~~1101~1.1~8‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 0(1)1‬‬ ‫‪018~1.188~0‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪(10(11)12~0‬‬ ‫‪10 11118 ~11(1~1~(.‬‬

‫~‪~1(801~.‬‬ ‫‪6-1‬‬

‫~‪1-. 3~ ~01138‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~( 111 ~18.‬‬ ‫‪6-13‬‬ ‫(‪038 3 (~81811~~ 1030 0‬‬
‫‪~ = 10 0 3110 10~ (1118‬‬
‫~‪111~(11 ~01138‬‬ ‫‪18 ~$‬‬
‫‪= 120 ~, 60 1-12. 10~ 10)1(1810(8 8~11~0 18 011 (0( /1 = 25 ~)1~1~8‬‬

‫‪138‬‬
 ‫‪,..,‬‬
‫‪ 1/.‬ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ‬

‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~..‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪,..2‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪1,.‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪~~..‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪9,‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪~~92(0(118 ~~158‬‬
‫‪01,..2‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪~~0‬‬

‫‪0.6‬‬ ‫)~(‬ ‫‪~(11/810~015‬‬

‫‪0.4‬‬

‫‪0.2‬‬

‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪0.6 0.8‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪(~) ~0~8~ 1(1~10‬‬

‫‪(0) 10~111‬‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫= ‪18 0~~ ~0~ /11.‬‬ ‫‪75 ~~~1~5.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~~11110‬‬ ‫‪111~ (3) ~11150111~111 ...0113~~,‬‬ ‫~‪~0‬‬
‫~~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~3~10~,‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫)~(‬ ‫~~‪3...~~3‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪~1115 ~11~~~01‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~~1510~5.‬‬

‫~ ‪801111100‬‬‫‪= 10 0, ~5 = 120 ,, ~,,, = -0‬‬

‫()‬
‫)‪120 = 169.7 ,,300 /( = 11/(11+ /11.‬‬
‫‪= 25/100 = 0.25.‬‬
‫)‪(3‬‬ ‫‪~~0111‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫‪(6-1),‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~1115 ...3111~ 0~ 0111~111 ...0113‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪(25‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫(‪. 1‬‬
‫‪~ 0 = ~ 5,,.,..‬‬ ‫‪= ~ 5~/11.+11‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪= 120 ~100‬‬ ‫‪= 60‬‬

‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1115 1030‬‬ ‫‪~11~~~0115‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫~)~ =‬ ‫‪= 60/10 = 6.0 /1...‬‬
‫~~~‪(0) 111~ 1030 ~0‬‬ ‫‪15 110‬‬ ‫() ‪= 1~~ = 62‬‬ ‫‪10 = 360~.‬‬ ‫‪510~~ 111~10~111~11~~~01‬‬
‫‪15 111~ 53111~ 35 111~ 1030 ~11~~~01, 111~ 10~111 ...011-3111~~~~5 15‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~=~=~=~~‬
‫‪,/1..‬‬ ‫‪/11.+‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫)‪(6-2‬‬

‫= ‪= ~0.25‬‬ ‫~~~‬
‫=‬ ‫)~‪0.5 (13~~10‬‬

‫~‪16.97 /1... 111‬‬

‫‪139‬‬
‫‪58~. 6-2‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪/1‬‬ ‫~‬
‫_‬ ‫‪1,,./1‬‬ ‫‪/(1,,.‬‬
‫= ~‪1‬‬ ‫)‪1,,. 81110)/ ()(0)/‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪210 ( 111 + /1) 10‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪10(111‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪/1‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫)‪((6- 3‬‬
‫‪16.97‬‬ ‫()‬
‫=‬ ‫~ ‪0.25 = 1.35‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫~‪/‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫~(‬ ‫~‪1,,.‬‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪/1‬‬

‫‪210(111+ /1) )0‬‬

‫)‪1~ 811120)/ ()(0)/‬‬
‫)‬ ‫=‬
‫‪1,,.‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪111‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪/1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫)‪(6-4‬‬
‫~ ‪16~97 )( ~0.25 = 4.24‬‬
‫=‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1-/0/~.‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫(‪13~10‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~~‪01.11~1.11 ~0113‬‬ ‫~‪~3()1 ~1111111‬‬ ‫‪5().1.13(~ (001‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬
‫‪01.11)1 ~)1~1~.‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫(‪13~10‬‬ ‫(‪15 ~00‬‬ ‫~‪31111‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~311.1~ 01 01.11)1111~ ~)1~1~, /(, 300‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪5110~0 10 ~1~. 6-1~.‬‬

‫‪111~ ~(10~1~1~ 01 ~1135~ ~001(01 ~30 0~ ~)(~1310~0 ~1111 (~1~(~0~~ 10 ~1~. 6-23.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪110~ 10 111~ 1030 15 ~001(011~0 0)1 0~13)110~ 111~ 11(10~ 30~1~ 01 111)1(1510( 11.‬‬
‫~‪~1~1.1(~ 6-20 1111.151(31~5111~ ~31~ ~1.115~5 01111)1(1510( 11 300 111~ ~3~~10((115 10( 111‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪10~1.11 300 01.11~1.11~0113~~5.‬‬

‫‪100%.‬‬
‫‪~0(11~00~01.‬‬
‫~‪01.1~ 10 111~ ~(~5~0~~ 010100‬‬ ‫‪()1, 111~ ~001(01 (30~~ 15‬‬
‫‪11(1111~0300 111~ ~11~~11~~ ((115 01.11~1.11~0113~~ ~30 001)1 0~ ~3(1~0 0~1~~~0 70.7 300‬‬
‫~‪111~ 01.11~1.11~0113~~ 300 10~1.11 ~1.1((~01 3(~ 35)1(11(11~1(1~31300 ~001310 3 0‬‬
‫‪11111~(~ 15 30 10~1.111(30510((11~(, 11 (113)1 0~ 5311.1(31~0. 1015 ~1(~1.11115‬‬
‫~~‪3 510~1~-~035~ 0311-~3‬‬ ‫(~~‪~001(011~( 300 15 51.111301~ 001)1 10( 10~-~0‬‬
‫‪10305, 51.1~1135 0~360~ 300 11~060~.‬‬
‫~~‪(~5156‬‬
‫~‪810~~ 10~ ~0~~( 110~ 15 ~001(011~0 01.1(10~ 10‬‬
‫‪~0516~~ 0311-~)1~1~ 01 10~1.11 ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫(~‪1015 1)1~~ 01 ~001(011‬‬ ‫‪15 3150 ~00~0‬‬ ‫‪35 3‬‬
‫‪/111/0-/,~~(/011(1/ ~011(,0//~,.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪0)( 15 111~ 111~111 ~011~8~ ~110 111~ 0~1~)1 ~1181~ 01‬‬
‫‪111)$‬‬ ‫()‪= ~,,,,51110‬‬ ‫‪= 0‬‬ ‫‪~$ 5111‬‬
‫(‪111)1(1510‬‬ ‫= ()‪11 15 0‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (1115 0111~111 ~011~8‬‬ ‫‪15 1011110 1(0111‬‬
‫~‪,‬‬
‫‪110‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪211~8.0, .,, 0(.,,) + )~. 211~5.0, .,, .1(.,,)1‬‬
‫~)( ~‪(2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪(2~ ()~ (1 -‬‬ ‫= ‪= 2.,,) .1(.,,) + )~. (1 -‬‬ ‫~‪2.,,,) .1(.,,) 11,‬‬ ‫)‪(6-5‬‬

‫‪511122~))1/2‬‬
‫‪~$‬‬ ‫‪(270 - ~ +‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪(2‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪~~~(~8‬‬ ‫~‪~~111~ 01 0111~111 ~011~8‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫)‪0)( ~(0)/‬‬ ‫‪+ )~,, 0‬‬ ‫)‪0)( ~(0)/‬‬

‫= ‪~ 00‬‬
‫~)( ~‪2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~$ 5111‬‬ ‫‪~$ 5111‬‬
‫)‬ ‫)‪(6-6‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0~$‬‬
‫)‪= - 270 (~05 ~ - 1‬‬

‫‪11 ~ 15 ~~(1~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 0 10 70, ~ 0 ~~(1~5 1(0111 ~$ 10 ~/0‬‬ ‫‪~110 ~ 00 ~~(1~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 0 10‬‬

‫‪-0‬‬ ‫‪~/70.‬‬
‫‪~,.301))1~ 6-2‬‬
‫)(‪10 0. 311‬‬
‫= ~ ‪~ 5111~1~-~0.35~3~ .,,0113~~ ~0111(011~(111111~.6-230.35 3 (~5156.,,~ 103() 01‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪70/2.‬‬
‫‪10.~ 111~111.,,0113~~ 15 ~5 = 120‬‬ ‫‪,, 60 1-12.‬‬ ‫(‪10.~ ()~13~ 311~1~ 0110.~(1510‬‬ ‫~ ‪1) 15‬‬
‫(~~‪(/)) 111~111~0‬‬ ‫)(‪13~10(, ~11~ 311‬‬
‫~‪0~1~(111111~10.~ ((1) (1115.,,3111~010111~111 .,,0113~~, ~0‬‬
‫‪(~) 3.,,~(3~~ 111~111~11((~111.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪80101100 ~ = 10 0., ~5 = 120 ,, ~ = 70/2, 311()~,,, = 0‬‬
‫‪(3) 11(01118().. (6-5), 10.~ (1115.,,3111~0110.~ 0111~111.,,0113~~,‬‬

‫‪,‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪120 = 169.7 ,.‬‬

‫‪~0 = 120‬‬

‫‪(/)) 10.~ (1115 103() ~11((~111,‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪= 103.92‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪103.92‬‬
‫= ‪/0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~ ‪= 10 .392‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪110 = /~~ = 10.3922‬‬ ‫~ ‪10 = 1079.94‬‬
‫)(‪103‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111,‬‬ ‫~(~~‪10.~ 111~111 .,,011-3111‬‬ ‫~‪(31111‬‬
‫‪5111~~ 10.~ 111~111 ~11((~11115‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ 53111~ 35 10.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(6-7‬‬

‫‪141‬‬
‫‪58~. 6-3‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪(~) ~(0111 .6(). (6-6),‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 3 ~(3‬‬ ‫‪0111~111 0113~~,‬‬

‫()‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~00 = - 120‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫~ ‪= - 27‬‬
‫‪210‬‬
‫~~‪3110 111~ 3 ~(3‬‬ ‫‪111~111~11((~111,‬‬

‫‪/0‬‬
‫_‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~00‬‬ ‫_‬ ‫‪27‬‬
‫~ ‪-2.7‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪,.,,0(~.‬‬
‫~‪111~ 0~~311 ~ 81~0 0~ 10 81~01~1~8 11131 111~ 10~111 ~11((~01 ()11(10~ 111‬‬
‫‪~08111 ~ 1131~-~~~1~ 18 1~88 11130 11131 ()11(10~ 111~ 0~~311 ~ 1131~-~~~1~. 1~ 111~(~ 18 30‬‬
‫‪10~111 1(308~0((0~(,‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ 1(308~0((0‬‬ ‫‪~0(~ (03~ 0~ 83111(31~().‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1101()1(~~110031‬‬
‫‪~001(0118 001 00((0311~ 118~() 10 ~(3~11~~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪6-4 5,~(2~~-~..,.45~ 8,(),~~~~,0~.4~ ~0~~~0~~~~5‬‬ ‫~‪~,~..,‬‬
‫‪~~5,5~,~~ ~0.4()5‬‬

‫‪111~ ~(001~(0 0~ ()~ 10~111 ~11((~01 ~30 0~ ~(~ ~01~() 0~ 11810~ 01()1(~~110031 (0( ~1111-‬‬
‫‪~3 ~) ~001(01, 30() 3 810~1~-~1138~ ~1111-~3 ~ ~001(011~( ~1111 3 (~81811 ~ 103() 18 8110~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~. 6-33.‬‬ ‫(~~‪011(10~ 111~ ~08111 ~ 1131~-~~~1~ 0~ 10~111 0113~~, 111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪~0~ 18‬‬
‫~‪~001(011~() 0~ 3(~10~ 111~ ()~13~ 30~1~ 0~ 111~(1810( 11 ~ 30() 111~(1810( 12 ~001(018 111‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~0~ ()11(10~ 111~ 0~~311 ~ 1131~-~~~1~ 0~ 10~111 0113~~.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~1(10~ ~1118~8 0‬‬
‫‪11 30() 12 3(~ ~~~11800 3~3(1.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~3 ~~0((08 ~0( 111~10~111 0113~~, 0111~111 0113~~,‬‬
‫)(‪30() ~3110~ 81~0318 ~0( 11 30‬‬
‫‪12 3(~ 8110~0 10 ~1~. 6-30.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫= ‪1~ 1)5‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪115 810‬‬
‫())(‬

‫‪1) 30() 12 3(~ ~~1131 (11 = (12‬‬

‫‪18 111~ 10~111‬‬

‫‪110‬‬ ‫=‬
‫~‪(2‬‬
‫~~‪0113‬‬ ‫)(‪30‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ()~13‬‬ ‫‪30~1~8‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~(1810(8‬‬

‫‪= (1, 111~ ((08 0111~111 0113~~ ~30 0~ ~0110() ~(0(0‬‬

‫)())( (‪1,.,, 211~ 8102 ())( (/‬‬

‫)‬
‫‪1/2‬‬

‫‪)1/2‬‬
‫‪1,.,,(1 -‬‬ ‫)())(‪2‬‬ ‫)())((‪(/‬‬
‫~~~(‬ ‫‪~08‬‬ ‫)‪(6-8‬‬

‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪17‬‬
‫‪.,‬‬
‫‪5102‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫(‬‫‪10-(1+-‬‬
‫‪810‬‬ ‫‪2(1‬‬

‫))‬
‫~‪13‬‬ ‫~‪3(~10‬‬ ‫‪(1 ~(0(0‬‬ ‫‪0 10 10, 110 ~30‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫)(~‪3(1‬‬ ‫‪~(0(0‬‬ ‫‪115 10 0.‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪6-33,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~3110‬‬ ‫‪~1(~11118 ~0( 111~(1810(8‬‬ ‫)(‪11 30‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪12 (01181 0~ 180131~().‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫~‪18 ~088101‬‬ ‫‪10 113 ~ 3 ~0(0(000‬‬ ‫~)(‪~31110‬‬ ‫)(‪~0( 11 30‬‬ ‫‪12 0~ 3()()10~ 1~0 ()10()~8 38 8110~0‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪6-4.‬‬ ‫(‪111~(1810‬‬ ‫~)(‪11 30() ()10‬‬ ‫‪/)) ~00()11~1‬‬ ‫‪10~~111~( ()11(10~ 111~ ~08111 ~ 1131~-‬‬
‫~~‪~~~1‬‬ ‫)(‪30‬‬ ‫(‪111~(1810‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫)(‪30‬‬ ‫‪()10()~ /)2 ~00()11~1‬‬ ‫‪()11(10~ 111~ 0~~311‬‬ ‫‪~ 1131~-~~~1~.‬‬ ‫~~‪$10‬‬
‫‪11118 ~1(~1111 ~30‬‬ ‫‪113 ~ 3 ~0(0(000‬‬ ‫‪1~((01031‬‬ ‫)(‪~0( ~3110~ 81~0318 0~ 1) 30‬‬
‫‪12,‬‬ ‫~‪001‬‬ ‫~‪00‬‬
‫‪180131100 ~1(~111118 (~~111(~(),‬‬ ‫~‪0111 31111‬‬ ‫~‪~)(~~08‬‬ ‫(~~‪0~ 1~0 ~0‬‬ ‫‪()10()~8.‬‬ ‫~‪011‬‬ ‫‪10 1~0‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪()~ 1~~8 ~00()11~110‬‬ ‫‪31111~ 83(0~ 11(0~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~00()11~1100‬‬ ‫‪1088~8‬‬ ‫~)( ~‪0‬‬ ‫)(‪1~~8 ~0111‬‬
‫~‪10~(~38‬‬ ‫)(‪30‬‬ ‫~~‪~~~1~1~0‬‬ ‫)(‪~0111‬‬ ‫‪0~ (~()11~~().‬‬
‫~‪~ 810~1~-~1138‬‬ ‫(~‪~1111-~3 ~ ~001(011‬‬ ‫)(~‪~30 3180 0~ 1(0~1~(0~01‬‬ ‫~‪~111100‬‬ ‫(‪111~(1810‬‬
‫)(‪30‬‬ ‫‪~011( ()10()~8 38 8110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~. 6-53.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~011( ()10()~8‬‬ ‫~~)(‪3~1 38 3 0(1‬‬ ‫‪(~~11~1~(.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪0113‬‬ ‫‪3~(088‬‬ ‫(‪111~(1810‬‬ ‫‪11,‬‬ ‫)(‪30‬‬ ‫‪118 ~11((~01,‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪31~3~8‬‬ ‫‪1101()1(~~110031.‬‬ ‫‪~1111‬‬

‫‪142‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~,,,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫()‪0.‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~~0 91‬‬
‫‪(38(8‬‬ ‫‪~()~580111‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~8‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫()‪0.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪(38(8‬‬ ‫‪~()15801 12‬‬
‫‪92‬‬
‫‪-11‬‬ ‫‪+~----+-‬‬ ‫()‪0.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪(0) ,,..,8~810~(115‬‬

‫~~‪3 (~51511‬‬ ‫‪103~,‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 111~(1510‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 ~01.11~ 131110‬‬ ‫‪2~(0‬‬ ‫‪~1.1~ 10 11311.1(31 ~01111111.11311011‬‬
‫~(~~~ ‪111‬‬ ‫‪11311-~~~1~,‬‬ ‫‪35 5110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪6-50.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫~(~‪11111‬‬ ‫~~(‪15 3 13‬‬ ‫~~‪111~1.1~1311‬‬
‫(‪111 111~ ~1(~1.111, 111~(1510‬‬ ‫~‪111113‬‬ ‫~(~~~ ‪1101 0~ 11.1(11~~ 011111‬‬ ‫‪11311-~~~1~ 01111111.11 ~0113~~,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪311~ 11115 1113~ (~51.111111 3 1055 01 ~0111(01.‬‬
‫~~‪11111~ 311~ 111~ ~111~1~11‬‬
‫)(‪1(31151510‬‬
‫~~‪~~~1‬‬

‫~‪~,.301()1‬‬
‫‪15 3150‬‬
‫‪3~1 35 3 0/(//,.~~(/0~(1/‬‬
‫~‪~1111 3 (~1311~~1‬‬

‫‪6-3‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪(~~1.1~~~.‬‬
‫‪8~/(~/1,‬‬
‫~‪011-5131‬‬
‫~~(‪111‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~111~1115‬‬
‫‪~011~1.1~11011 1055.‬‬
‫(~~‪110‬‬
‫~~~‪0(1‬‬
‫‪~~~1~~5‬‬

‫~‪~0111111~(~1311‬‬
‫(~‪(~~1111‬‬
‫~‪~011~1.1~1 31111‬‬
‫(‪311~ 111~(1510‬‬
‫~‪3~311301‬‬
‫~‪53111‬‬

‫~‪35 3 5111~1‬‬
‫(‪(0‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪5111~1~-~0.35~ 11.111-~3...~ 3~ ...0113~~ ~0111(011~( 111 ~1~. 6-33 0.35 3 (~5156...~ 1030 01‬‬
‫‪~ = 10 0, 3110 10.~ 111~1.11...0113~~ 15 1/, = 120 ,, 60 1-1~. 10.~ 0~13~ 311~1~5 0110.~(1510(5‬‬
‫)‪1‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~~1.131= ~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪= ,,,/2.‬‬ ‫‪0~1~(01111~ 10.~ (3) (111501.11~1.11‬‬
‫‪...0113~~,‬‬
‫(~~‪~0~ (0) 111~1.11~0‬‬ ‫‪13~10(,‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫~~‪(~) 3...~(3‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 0110.~(1510(5,‬‬ ‫)‪1/1.~ 3110 (0‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪(1115‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111 0110.~(1510(5,‬‬ ‫‪1,,..‬‬

‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫‪143‬‬
‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪6-4‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪--5‬‬

‫()‪0‬‬
‫‪0,‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪211‬‬
‫‪03‬‬
‫‪.,‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪(,‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~04‬‬ ‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪~,‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪--$‬‬ ‫‪--0‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫()‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪9,‬‬ ‫‪(33(8‬‬ ‫‪~~,58‬‬
‫‪0/,,‬‬
‫()‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫)‪(3‬‬ ‫(‪~,~~~,‬‬ ‫‪(0) ....,3__8/0~~5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪80.0~100‬‬ ‫‪8.‬‬ ‫‪= 10 0, ~$ = 120~,‬‬ ‫= ‪= -../2, (1110~,,,‬‬
‫‪0.‬‬ ‫()‬

‫‪((1) ~~0111 ~(). (6-8), 111~~11150111~111...011(1~~,‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪120 = 169.7~.‬‬

‫‪120‬‬
‫= ‪~0‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~ ‪= 84.85‬‬
‫‪(0) 111~ ~1115...(1111~0110(10 ~11~~~111,/0 = ~)8.‬‬
‫()‬ ‫~‪= 84.85/10 = 8.485 ,4. (1110111‬‬
‫~‪10(10 ~0~~~, /10 = /‬‬ ‫‪= 8.4852‬‬ ‫‪10 = 719.95~.‬‬ ‫~‪5111~~111~111~111~11~~~11115~11‬‬
‫‪5(1111~ (15 111~ 10(10‬‬ ‫‪~11~~~111,‬‬ ‫~~~~‪111~ 111~111 ...011-3111‬‬ ‫‪~(11111~,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~~~‪111~ 111~1.11~0‬‬
‫‪~,4. = ~/$ = ~/0 = 120 )( 8.485‬‬
‫‪1(1~10~,‬‬

‫= ~~‬ ‫~‬
‫‪~,4.‬‬ ‫=‬
‫~ ‪= 1018.2‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~$‬‬
‫=‬ ‫((‬ ‫~‬
‫‪-..‬‬
‫‪-..‬‬
‫‪_ 0. +‬‬ ‫‪5111 20.‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫))‬
‫‪1/2‬‬

‫)‪(6-9‬‬
‫_ ‪719.95‬‬
‫‪--‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫) ‪0 70 (1 .‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‪1018.2 - . 7 (1~~111‬‬

‫‪(,,‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪/,,,,‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫)()‪~$ 51110)( (/(0‬‬
‫~)‪2-..8.‬‬

‫‪~~$‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫=‬ ‫)‪(~05 0. + 1‬‬ ‫)‪(6-10‬‬
‫‪2-..8.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫()~‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫=‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪2.7,4.‬‬
‫‪2-..‬‬ ‫= ‪10‬‬
‫‪(0) 111~ ~1115...3111~ 01111~ 111~~1510~ ~11~~~111,‬‬

‫‪)1/2‬‬
‫= ~‪/‬‬ ‫‪(2~8.2~,,‬‬ ‫~~‪2‬‬ ‫)()‪511120)( (/(0‬‬

‫‪2~2‬‬ ‫‪(,,‬‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬

‫(‬ ‫~)‪4-..~2‬‬
‫‪(1 -‬‬ ‫)()‪~05 20)() (/( 0‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪144‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫_‬ ‫)~‪51022‬‬
‫‪)1/2‬‬
‫) ‪(6-11‬‬
‫~‪= ~,‬‬ ‫(~(‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫~‪=~=6‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫()‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪5~~1100‬‬ ‫‪6-4 0~(115 ~110‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 510~1~-~0(15‬‬ ‫‪~001(011~(5‬‬ ‫‪~110 (~51511~~ 10(105.‬‬ ‫‪10 ~((1~11~~,‬‬
‫‪111051 10(105‬‬ ‫~~‪(1(~ 10011~11‬‬ ‫‪10 (1 ~~(1(110‬‬ ‫‪~)(1~01.‬‬ ‫(~‪~ 11111-~(1~~ ~001(011‬‬ ‫‪~110 (10 ~1-‬‬

‫‪10(10‬‬ ‫‪15 500~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪6-6(1.‬‬ ‫‪1.~1‬‬ ‫(‪115 (15511111~ 10(11 10~(1510‬‬ ‫‪11 15 11(~0‬‬ ‫~‪011(10‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫~~‪~05111‬‬ ‫~‪0(111-~~~1‬‬ ‫‪(100 ~(1((1~5‬‬ ‫‪10~ 10(10 ~11((~01.‬‬ ‫~‪011‬‬ ‫~~‪10 10011~1(10‬‬ ‫‪10 10~ ~1(~1111,‬‬
‫‪10~ ~11((~01‬‬ ‫(‪0110~(1510‬‬ ‫‪11 111(1~ 0011(111‬‬ ‫‪10 2~(0‬‬ ‫‪(11 0)( = 10, ~0~0‬‬ ‫~~‪10~ 10~111 ~011(1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪51(1(15 10 0~ 0~~(111~~.‬‬ ‫(‪10~(1510‬‬ ‫~‪11 ~111 ~0011011‬‬ ‫‪10 ~00011~1110111115‬‬ ‫‪~11((~0111‬‬ ‫‪1(1115‬‬
‫‪0. (100‬‬ ‫‪0~~~005‬‬
‫‪10 2~(0‬‬ ‫()‪(110‬‬ ‫‪=~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~00011~1100‬‬ ‫(‪(10~1~ 0110~(1510‬‬ ‫‪11150‬‬ ‫~ =‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪91‬‬
‫‪,1‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~5‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬

‫‪,2‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪+‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
‫‪92‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪~~1‬‬
‫‪,,‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫)‪(11‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~~1‬‬

‫‪91‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪,.,1‬‬
‫‪2,,‬‬ ‫‪2,,+ 0‬‬
‫‪(~) 92‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪,.,1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪91‬‬
‫‪~~~~,.,1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2,,‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪(0) 92‬‬

‫‪,.,1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪,,+0‬‬

‫‪58~. 6-5‬‬ ‫‪145‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~1~)1 ~081~,‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪~00‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫(‪1~~10‬‬ ‫~‪~081‬‬ ‫‪0110~0,‬‬ ‫‪6.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~~.,,~10(015‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬
‫‪111~ 111)1(1510( ~1.1((~01,‬‬ ‫‪8~1108 ~1.115~5, ~00 10~1.11 .,,011~8~ ~(~ 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~18. 6-60.‬‬
‫‪1111.‬‬ ‫‪= 0‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪510 ())(15 111~ 1051~01~0~01.15‬‬ ‫~‪10~1.11 .,,011~8~ ~00 111~ 0~1~)1 ~081‬‬
‫(‪0(111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪11 15 ~,‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1510( ~1.1((~0111‬‬ ‫‪~~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 101.100 1(001‬‬

‫‪1-‬‬ ‫‪+ ~11 = 0‬‬ ‫())( ‪~. 510‬‬ ‫)‪(6-12‬‬

‫~~‬
‫‪111~ 5011.11100 01 ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(6-12‬‬ ‫‪15 01111~ 10(01‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0~.‬‬
‫‪=-‬‬ ‫()‪- 6) + ..41€-(~/1.‬‬
‫())((‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪510‬‬ ‫)‪(6-13‬‬
‫‪7.‬‬
‫‪~11~(~ 10~0 101~~0~0~~, 7. = (~2 + (())1-)2)1/2 ~00 10~0 ~081~, 6 = 1~0-1 (())1-/~).‬‬
‫())( ‪~1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪111~ ~0051~01‬‬ ‫‪..41 ~~0 0~ 0~1~(0110~0‬‬ ‫~‪1(001 111~ 10111~1 ~00011100‬‬
‫‪= ~, 11‬‬
‫‪= 0. ~(001 ~(). (6-10) ..41 15 101.100 ~5‬‬
‫‪0~.‬‬
‫‪..41 = --‬‬ ‫))‪510 (~ - 6)€(~/1.)(000‬‬ ‫)‪(6-14‬‬
‫‪7.‬‬
‫‪81.1051111.1110001..411(001 ~(). (6-14) 10 ~(). (6-13) )11~105‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪0~..‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪11 = -‬‬ ‫))(~)‪(510 (())( - 6) - 510 (~ - 6)€(~/1.)(()(/0‬‬ ‫)‪(6-15‬‬
‫‪7.‬‬
‫~‪111~ ~081‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪~11~0 ~1.1((~01 11 1~115 10 ~~(0‬‬ ‫~‪~00 111)1(1510( 11 15 11.1(0~0 011, ~~0 0‬‬
‫‪101.100 1(001‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~00011100‬‬ ‫())((‪11‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪111~ ~081~ ~, ~111~1115 ~150 ~00~0‬‬
‫‪510‬‬ ‫~(‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫= )‪6‬‬
‫‪= ~) = 0 10 ~(). (6-15) ~00 1581.,,~0 0)1111~(~1~1100‬‬
‫~( ‪510‬‬
‫‪~5 ~0 €~(111~(1011011/5/€, ~~0 0~ 0~1~(0110~0‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫‪111151(~05~~00~0~~1 ~()1.1~1100 ~00 11 (~()1.11(~5 ~0 11~(~11.,,~ 01~11100 015011.11100.‬‬

‫)‪6)€(~/1.)(()(-(3)/0‬‬
‫)‪(6-16‬‬
‫‪1(001‬‬
‫~~‪00‬‬
‫‪~ 15 ~00~0,‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~0001.1~1100 ~081~ (8) 0(111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪11 ~~0 0~ 101.100 1(001‬‬

‫)‪(6-17‬‬

‫)‪(6-18‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(6-19‬‬

‫‪146‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪3110 111~ (1115 01.11..,1.11~1.1((~111 ~311 111~11 0~ 0~1~(111111~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 ~01110111111~ 111~ (1115 ~1.1((~111‬‬
‫(‪01 ~3~11 111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫~ =‪= (1~ + 1~)1/2‬‬ ‫‪18.‬‬ ‫)‪(6-20‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪3~~(3‬‬ ‫(‪~311.1~ 01111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 ~311 3150 0~ 101.1110 1(0111 ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(6-15‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫~‬
‫()‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪11 (/( ())0‬‬
‫‪210‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬
‫)‪(6-21‬‬
‫~_‬
‫‪= 2 102 10.‬‬
‫~ ‪11‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪(5111 (())( -‬‬ ‫‪6) -‬‬ ‫‪5111(~ -‬‬
‫‪6)~(8./~)(0./(0-()) (/(())0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~31111~ 51~11315 01111)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫~‪~01.110 0‬‬ ‫‪5110(1‬‬ ‫(‪..,1.115~5 10‬‬ ‫(~‪3 ~0111(011‬‬ ‫‪~1111‬‬
‫~~‪(~51511‬‬ ‫‪10305.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫~(‪51.1~11 5110(1 ..,1.115~5 3‬‬ ‫(‪1101 51.111301~ 10‬‬ ‫‪11101.1~11~~ 10305.‬‬
‫~‪11115 ~311 0‬‬ ‫‪~)(..,13111~0‬‬ ‫~~‪~1111 (~1~(~11‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪6-60.‬‬ ‫‪~11~11‬‬ ‫(‪111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪12 15 11(~0‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫())(‬
‫=‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫(‪111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪11 15 51111 ~01101.1~1111~ 01.1~ 10 1030‬‬ ‫‪11101.1~1311~~.‬‬
‫())(‬
‫~‪13)1111~ 11111‬‬
‫=~ =‬ ‫‪~ + 8,‬‬
‫(‪111~ ~1.1((~111 01111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪11 13115 10 2~(0‬‬ ‫‪3110 11 15 11.1(11~0 011 31‬‬
‫~‪111~ ~31‬‬ ‫(‪..,1.115~ 01111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪12 1135 31(~30)1‬‬ ‫‪~~35~0‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~0115~()1.1~1111)1, 12 ~1111101‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪11.1(11~0 011.‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫(‪3 (~51.111, 0(11)1111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪11 ~111 0..,~(31~,‬‬ ‫‪~31.15111~ (5)1111111~1(1~31 ~3~~-‬‬
‫‪10(1115‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫~~‪01.11..,1.11 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111.‬‬ ‫‪11115 01111~1.111)1 ~311 0~ (~501~~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 1.15111‬‬
‫‪~01111111.101.15~31~ 51~11315 ~1111 3 01.1(311011 01 (10 -‬‬ ‫‪~) 35 5110~11111 ~1~. 6-6~.‬‬ ‫‪~5 50011‬‬

‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1.1((~111 01‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪13115 10‬‬ ‫‪2~(0,‬‬ ‫(‪111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪(~1111‬‬ ‫~‪~31‬‬ ‫‪..,1.115~5 35‬‬ ‫‪5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬
‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫)~‪6-6‬‬ ‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪11.1(11~0 011.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫~‪3 ~01111111.101.15 ~31‬‬ ‫‪..,1.115~ 111~(~35~5‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪5~11~11111~ 1055 01111)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫(~~(‪3110 (~()1.11(~5 313‬‬ ‫(~‪150131111~ 1(311510(111‬‬ ‫~‪10( 111~ ~31111‬‬
‫‪~1(~1.111.‬‬ ‫‪111 ..,(3~11~~,‬‬ ‫‪3 1(3111 01 ..,1.115~5 ~1111 5110(1‬‬ ‫‪01.1(3110115‬‬ ‫‪35 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪6-60‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪110(111311)11.15~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 0~~(~0111‬‬ ‫‪111~5~ ..,(001~1115.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫)‪~()1.1311011 (6-15‬‬
‫‪11111~ 0~13)1 311~1~,‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111 ~01.110‬‬

‫‪1-/0(~5‬‬
‫‪11101~31~5 11131111~ 1030‬‬
‫‪~, 15 1~55 111311 111~ 1030‬‬
‫‪0~ 015~01111111.101.15 3110 1101151111.1501031.‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬
‫‪311~1~,‬‬ ‫‪6.‬‬
‫‪(3110 ~1.1((~111) ~111 0~ 51111.1501031‬‬
‫(~‪11 ~ 15 ~(~31‬‬ ‫‪111311 6, 111~ 1030‬‬

‫‪1. 11 ~ = 6, 1(0111~(). (6-16),‬‬

‫‪5111(~ - 6) = 5111(~ - ~) = 0‬‬
‫)‪(6-22‬‬

‫)‪(6-23‬‬

‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪5111~~ 111~ ~01101.1~11011 311~1~,‬‬ ‫‪8 ~3111101 ~)(~~~0‬‬ ‫‪10, 111~ 0~13)1‬‬ ‫‪311~1~,‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪1113)1‬‬
‫‪1101 0~ 1~55 111311 6 3110 111~ ~0111(01‬‬ ‫~~‪(311‬‬ ‫‪01 0~13)1‬‬ ‫‪311~1~ 15‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫)‪(6-24‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪3.‬‬ ‫~‪11 ~ =5 6 3110 111~ ~31‬‬ ‫‪..,1.115~5 01111)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫~‪011011‬‬ ‫‪01.1(311011,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111 ~01.110‬‬ ‫‪1101 ~11311~~ ~1111 ~, 3110 (0111111)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪~01.110 ~01101.1~1.‬‬ ‫(‪111)1(1510‬‬
‫())(‬ ‫‪+ 6.‬‬
‫‪11 ~01.110‬‬ ‫‪11.1(11 011 31‬‬
‫())(‬
‫‪= 6 3110 111)16510( 12 ~01.110 11.1(11011 31‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫=‬
‫~))(‪~,.301‬‬ ‫‪6-4‬‬

‫‪111~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 11111-~3~~ ~0111(011~( 111 111~. 6-63‬‬ ‫‪51.1~~11~5 311 ~1.. 1030.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111~1.11‬‬
‫‪((115‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪15 1/,‬‬ ‫‪= 120‬‬ ‫‪, 31 60‬‬ ‫‪1-12.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪15 51.1~1111131‬‬ ‫= ‪1..‬‬ ‫‪6.5‬‬ ‫‪011-1 3110‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫=‬

‫‪2.5 0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~13~ 311~1~5 01111~(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪3(~ ~().1.131=~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫)‪= 70/2. 1)~1~((11111~111~(3‬‬

‫‪147‬‬
‫‪58~. 6-5‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪~0/1011~60/1 3/1~1~ 01 1/1~~1810~ 11, /)~ (0) ~~8 011111111~0113~~, ~0~ (~) ~~8 111~~1810‬‬
‫‪~11~~~/11, /~~ (0) ~~8 011111111~11~~~/11, /0~ (~) 111~ 3~~~3~~ ~11~~~/11013 111~~1810~, /,,~ 3/10‬‬
‫‪(1) 1/111111110~~~ 13~10~, ~~.‬‬

‫‪801111100~ = 2.5 0., 1.-= 6.5 ~1-1,1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 60 1-12,(.0‬‬ ‫‪270 )( 60‬‬ ‫= ‪= 377 ~30/8, ~,‬‬
‫‪120~, ~ = 900,3/106‬‬ ‫‪= 13/1-1 ((.00~) = 44.430.‬‬
‫‪(3) 111~ ~)(11/1~60/1 3/1~1~ ~3/1 0~ 0~1~1~1/1~0‬‬ ‫~‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 8011160/1 01 ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(6-16‬‬ ‫‪3/10‬‬
‫‪3/1 11~1311~~ 8011160/1 ~1~108 (3 = 220.350.‬‬ ‫)‪111~ ~0/1011~60/1 3/1~1~ 18 /‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(3‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫=‬
‫‪220.43‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪90 = 130.430.‬‬
‫‪~0113~~ 18 ~0 = 68.09~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(0) ~~0~ ~(). (6-18), 111~1~8 011111111‬‬
‫(‪(~) ~11~~~1~311/11~~1360/1 01 ~(). (6-19) 0~1~~~/1 1/1~ 11~118 (.0‬‬
‫‪= ~ 10 (3 ~1~~8‬‬
‫‪111~1~8 111~118101~11~1~/1138 /~ = 15.07 ,.,.,,.‬‬
‫~ = ‪(0) ~~0~ ~(). (6.20), /0‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪15.07 = 21.3,.,.,,.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~11~~~1~311/11~~1360/1 01 ~(). (6-21) ~1~108 111~3~~13~~ 111~~18101~1111~/1138‬‬
‫‪/,, = 8.23 ,.,.,,.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(1) 111~ 011111111110~~1,~0 = 21.32 )( 2.5‬‬
‫‪= 1134.2~,‬‬ ‫‪3/101/1~ 1/111111‬‬
‫~‪~011-3~11~1‬‬
‫‪136/1~, ~,.,.,, = 120 )( 21.3 = 2556 ~~ 111~~~101~,‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1134.200‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫= ‪~~ = ~,.,.,,‬‬ ‫)~‪= 0.444 (13~~1/1‬‬
‫‪2556‬‬
‫‪1-/0(~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪5~11~11111‬‬ ‫‪(1~11011 01 111)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫(‪111.(1/(~5 111~ ~(),11(1110115 10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~1115‬‬
‫‪110111111~(1(.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫(‪1111111.~(1~(11111.~11100 01501111101110‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111)1(1510( ~011011~11011 (111~1~ (1110‬‬
‫‪~11((~1115 15 111.0(~ ~111~1~111 111(111~1(1551~(111~~11111(),11~5.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~0111.))111~( ))(0~((1111.‬‬ ‫‪11(1111.~0‬‬
‫‪~~00-3‬‬ ‫~~‪15 115~0 10 501‬‬ ‫‪11115 ~)((1111.))1~ (1110 111~ ))(0~((1111.‬‬ ‫()‪15 1151~0 111 ~))))~1101‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪$1110~1115 (1(~ ~11~011((1~~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~~(11)1111‬‬ ‫~‪(~511115 0111115 ~)((1111.))1~ (1110 10 (1))))(~~1(11‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪(1 1111111.~(1~(11 5011111011,‬‬ ‫~‪~5))~~1(111)1 111 501~111‬‬ ‫‪110111111~(1( ~(),11(1110115 01‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪115~111111~55 01‬‬
‫‪111)1(1510( ~1(~11115.‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪~1(~1111 01(1~((1111. 01 (1 111(~~-))11(15‬‬ ‫~~‪11(111-~(1‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫)‪1111101(~~11011(11‬‬ ‫(~‪~0111(011‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪6-7‬‬ ‫‪~1111 (1 ~)1~-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪(~51511~~ 10(10.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫~‪110‬‬ ‫~‪10 111‬‬
‫‪10(10 15 ~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1111)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪11, 13, (1110‬‬ ‫‪(1110‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪0100~5‬‬ ‫~‪))(0~10‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~111(11‬‬
‫~‪15‬‬

‫‪,.,‬‬ ‫‪~~~.‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪~,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫)‪/‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪..00‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪,/‬‬
‫‪,0‬‬

‫‪148‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪10.~ ~1.1((~0110‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪~(110..‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫~‪11(10‬‬ ‫~~‪5~()1.1~0‬‬ ‫‪0110.)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪15 11,‬‬ ‫‪13,‬‬ ‫‪15.‬‬
‫~‪110‬‬ ‫~‪10.(01.1~0.10.‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~001(011~(,‬‬ ‫~‪(111~(151 00‬‬ ‫(‪10.)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪(01.151 ~0001.1~1.‬‬ ‫~‪11 (11110.‬‬
‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫~(~~‬ ‫‪0100~5,‬‬ ‫~~(‪10.‬‬ ‫‪0100~5‬‬ ‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫‪~0001.1~1‬‬ ‫‪(11 10.~ 5(1(0~ 11(0~ (100 10.~ ~00-‬‬
‫‪(0(1)1 (~~(11110.(11 (1 10.)1(1510( ~111‬‬
‫‪01.1~1100‬‬ ‫~‪(10~1‬‬ ‫~‪01 ~(1~0. 0100‬‬ ‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪1800.‬‬ ‫~~‬
‫‪~0001.1~111115‬‬ ‫~‪(1000‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫(~‪15 0.1~0.‬‬ ‫‪10.(10 10.(11 01115‬‬ ‫~‪~(110.00‬‬ ‫‪(100 1115 11(~0.‬‬ ‫~~‪00‬‬
‫(‪(1 10.)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪51(1(15 ~0001.1~110~,‬‬ ‫‪11 ~01.110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 11.1(0~0‬‬ ‫‪011 001)1 ~0.~0‬‬ ‫‪115 ~1.1((~011(1115‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪~~(0.‬‬
‫‪11 ~5 15 10.~ ((05‬‬ ‫‪~(111.1~ 0110~1.11‬‬ ‫~~‪~0.(15~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫~~ ‪(100‬‬ ‫~‪0~110‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 1051(101(10~01.15‬‬

‫‪10~1.11 ~0.(15~ ~011(1~~5‬‬ ‫‪(15‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫=‪1)/1.1-/‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~5 510‬‬
‫()‪0‬‬

‫= ‪1)81-/‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫()‪~5 510 (0‬‬

‫)~‪_ 2‬‬

‫(‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪1‬‬
‫= ‪~1-/‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~5 510‬‬
‫()‪0‬‬ ‫)~‪_ 4‬‬
‫~(‪10.~0 10.~ 10~1.11 110~ ~011(1~~5 (1‬‬

‫‪1)/1.8‬‬ ‫)~ ‪= 0) ~5 510 (0)( +‬‬

‫~‪1)8‬‬ ‫)‪= 0‬‬ ‫()‪~5 510 (0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)~‬

‫)‪1‬‬
‫)‪= 0‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪510‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫()‪0‬‬ ‫‪_7‬‬
‫)‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪10.~ ~(1~~10((05‬‬
‫‪~011(1~~5 (1(~ 50.0~010‬‬
‫‪1~0 0( 10.(~~ 0~~1~~5‬‬
‫)‪(1(~ (1‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪10.)1(1510(5‬‬
‫(‪~1~. 6-810‬‬
‫‪~(10 ~0001.1~1‬‬
‫~‪(100 00‬‬
‫‪~/1.‬‬

‫‪10( 10~1.11 ~011(1~~5, ~0001.1~1100‬‬

‫= ~ ‪~ = 600 (100‬‬

‫‪0100~,‬‬
‫~‪(11 10.~ 5(1(0‬‬
‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫~‪00‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪(10~1~5‬‬
‫‪1500.‬‬
‫~‪11(0~ (100 10.~ ~055101‬‬
‫(‪10.)1(1510‬‬ ‫~‪(100 00‬‬
‫‪01 0~~1~~5,‬‬
‫~ ‪~0( 0‬‬

‫‪0100~,‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫‪(100‬‬

‫‪~0(0010(111005‬‬
‫)‪(100 (3‬‬
‫‪01.11~1.11‬‬
‫(~‪600, ~110.‬‬

‫~‪00‬‬
‫(‪10.)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪(100 1~0‬‬ ‫‪0100~5.‬‬ ‫~~(‪1110.‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫‪~0001.1~1,‬‬ ‫~‪(1 00((0(1110.(~~-~0.(15‬‬ ‫‪0~~((11100‬‬
‫‪0~~1.1(5 (15 50.0~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪6-%‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫~~‪10.~ 01.11~1.11 ~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪01 (1 ~0.(15~ 15 10.~ 5(1(0~ (15 10.‬‬
‫~‪10~1.11 ~0.(15‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪~)((1(0~1~,‬‬

‫)‪(6-25‬‬

‫‪00‬‬ ‫(~‪10.~ 010.‬‬ ‫‪0.(100,‬‬ ‫‪111~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫‪~0001.1~1‬‬ ‫‪(1110.~ 5(1(0~ 11(0~,‬‬ ‫‪10.~ ~1.1((~01110~5‬‬ ‫‪001)1‬‬
‫‪10.(01.1~0.1~0‬‬ ‫‪110~5 (100‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 10.1(0‬‬ ‫‪110~ ~(10 0~ ~00510~(~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~0‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.111~0.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫‪110~-‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪10-110‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫(‪(1~~~(1‬‬ ‫‪(1~(055‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪1~((010(115‬‬ ‫‪01 10.~ 10(10‬‬ ‫‪(15 50.0~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~~‪6-90 (100 10.~ 01.11~1.11 ~0.(15~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 00~-0.(1110110.‬‬ ‫~~‪110~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(~.~.,‬‬ ‫‪~110.‬‬
‫‪1~((010(11 ~ 0~10~ 0~~0‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.111~0),‬‬

‫‪1),,11‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪1)/1.8‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪~5 .‬‬
‫‪510‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪0)( +‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪(5‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫)‪(6-26‬‬

‫‪10.~ ~(1~~10((0‬‬ ‫‪10( (10 01.11~1.11 ~0.(15~ ~011(1~~ (~.~.,‬‬ ‫‪1),,11) ~(10 0~ 0((1~0‬‬ ‫‪01(~~11)1‬‬
‫‪1(0(0‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 10~1.11 ~0.(15~ (100 110~ ~011(1~~5 0)1 00110~ 10.(111),,11 ~01.110 ~0((~5~000‬‬ ‫‪10 1)/1.1-/‬‬
‫~~(‪1110.‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫‪~0001.1~1,‬‬ ‫(‪10 1)/1.8/2 (0‬‬ ‫)‪1)/1.~/2‬‬ ‫‪111~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫‪~0001.1~1,‬‬ ‫‪(100 10 ~~(0‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫‪149‬‬
‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪6-6‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~1‬‬

‫‪9,‬‬

‫‪~1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪93‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪95‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪02‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪04‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫~~~~~‪~~ ~ ~~~~~1 ~1 ~~~~~3~3‬‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫(‬ ‫~‪~2,21212~4~4~4~4~6~6‬‬
‫‪~ ~,,~~. ~ .‬‬
‫‪~.0‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪~.0‬‬
‫‪~.,,‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫'‬ ‫‪0.5~,,9‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫__‬ ‫~‬
‫‪~~~,‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬

‫~‪~,,‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪,.‬‬

‫‪0.5~,,8‬‬

‫‪(0) ~0~,.‬‬
‫‪= 1500‬‬

‫‪1~(11110(11(1 15 0~~0‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111~0.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫(‪600 ~ (1 ~ 1200, (11 (10~ 11111~001~ 00~ 10~(1510‬‬
‫‪15 ~00011~110~ (100 10~ (~111(0 ~(110 15 50(1(~0 0~ 00~ 0( 1~0 0100~5.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1200 ~ (1‬‬
‫‪~ 2100, 001~ 00~ 10~(1510( (100 00~ 0100~ ~00011~1 (1110~ 5(1111~11111~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(‪~)(110~1100 (10~1~, ~, 01 (1 10~(1510‬‬ ‫‪~(10 0~ 0~1(1~~0 0~~000‬‬ ‫‪1800 (~.~.,‬‬ ‫~‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0111 15 2100).‬‬ ‫‪1015 15 011~ 10 10~ 1(1~1 10(11 (10 0111~111 ~0(15~ ~011(1~~ 111(1~0~~~00‬‬
‫‪00 10~ 10~111110~-10-110~ ~011(1~~. ~0~0‬‬ ‫‪1).48 0~~0111~5 2~(0 (110)( = 1500, 10~ ~11((~01‬‬
‫(‪0110~(1510‬‬ ‫‪11 ~(10 ~0011011~ 10 110~ 1101111)~.4 0~~0111~5 2~(0 (11 0)( = 2100 (100 (1‬‬
‫‪0~1(1~ (10~1~ 01‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪= 2100 ~1~~5 2~(0 0111~111~011(1~~ ((100 ~0~~().‬‬
‫‪10~ ~(1110~ ~1115~5 0110~(1510(5‬‬ ‫~‪5001110 0~ ~00110110115, (100 10( ~)((1111~1~, 10‬‬
‫()‪~1115~ 0111 5001110 ~00 (11 0‬‬ ‫‪2100, 10 ~((1~11~~, 10~ ~(11~ ~1115~5~005151 011~0‬‬
‫=‬
‫()‪~(1(15. 10~ 11(51 ~1115~ 0111 51(1(15 (10~~0~(~ 0~1~~~0 0 (100 1500 (100 ~005 (11 0‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪= 1500, (11~(1~5 ~005 (11 0)( = 2100.‬‬
‫()‪1500, 10~ 5~~000 ~1115~, ~01~0 ~(10 51(1(1 (11 0‬‬
‫()‪1015 (1110~5 111~ ~11((~01 10 110~ 10(011~0 10~(1510( 11 011(10~ 10~ ~~(100 1500 ~ 0‬‬

‫‪150‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪.1‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪,.‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫~‪1,‬‬ ‫~‪~,‬‬

‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪06‬‬ ‫‪~~06‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪~8‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪1‬‬
‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪~(8).0~99‬‬ ‫‪(~) .....,0 ~011~~~1~119~9~~~95‬‬
‫‪~011~~~1~119~9~~~95‬‬

‫‪..1~11..~ 6-9‬‬ ‫‪~~~-~000~~1~0‬‬

‫‪(~51511~~ 1030.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(6-27‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫)‪(6-28‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(6-29‬‬

‫‪151‬‬
‫‪58~. 6-6‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪/1.‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪/1.‬‬

‫‪06‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪~~0‬‬ ‫‪.00‬‬ ‫‪06‬‬
‫‪~02‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪.0‬‬
‫)‪~(8‬‬ ‫‪(~) ~.....0~0,,~~~1~,,9 ~9~~~98‬‬
‫‪~~~99‬‬
‫‪~0,,~~~1~,,9 ~9~~~98‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~00()11~1,‬‬
‫‪00‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪8(1111~ (18 111~ 110~-10-110‬‬
‫)(‪()~~~0‬‬
‫= ~‬‫‪0‬‬

‫)(~‪10 111~ ~(18~ 0( ()~11(1-~000~~1‬‬

‫‪111~ 0111110~( 0( ()~~1~~8‬‬

‫‪111~ 110~ (10() ~11(18~ ~11((~018‬‬
‫‪111(~~-~11(18~ 8)181~111, (18 8110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬
‫= ‪810 ())(, 111~ 110~ ~11((~01 ~111 0~ 10‬‬
‫‪()~~1~~8‬‬ ‫‪~00()11~1‬‬
‫‪~1(~1111~() (18 8110~0‬‬
‫)(‪~0111‬‬ ‫‪0~ 10‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪~011(1~~.‬‬

‫~‪(11 111~ 8(1111~ 11111~, 00‬‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪6-100‬‬ ‫)(‪(10‬‬
‫())( ‪= (3/,,,/2) 810‬‬
‫‪10(1(),‬‬
‫‪110~~~~(,‬‬

‫‪10/0 -‬‬
‫~‪111~ 0111~111 ~11(18~ ~011(1~~ ~0111() 0~ 111‬‬

‫~‪~00()11~110‬‬
‫)(‪~0111‬‬
‫‪6-10(1.‬‬
‫‪111~ 110~ ~11((~01‬‬

‫= ‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫(‪0‬‬
‫)(‪111~ 10(1() ~0111‬‬
‫‪(11 111~ 8(1111~ 11111~. 1( 111(~~ ()~~1~~8‬‬
‫~‪(0110‬‬ ‫‪111~ 00(111(11‬‬
‫‪1( 111~ ~11((~0110‬‬
‫‪/,,, 810‬‬
‫)(~(~)(‪1~(11110(11 0( 10(1() ~(10 0~ ~0081‬‬

‫= ‪1~0‬‬ ‫= ~‪1/0‬‬ ‫‪-10/0/2.‬‬

‫~‪(~1(111008111‬‬
‫‪~11(18~ (1 18 10/0‬‬
‫())((‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫‪111~ 110~ ~11((~01‬‬

‫‪~/6).‬‬
‫)‪(6-30‬‬

‫(‪1‬‬

‫‪0~~0-‬‬
‫(‪0‬‬

‫‪= /,,,‬‬
‫‪1~0‬‬

‫)(‪0( 10(1‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬

‫‪10/0‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬
‫‪= 1.5/,,,‬‬ ‫‪810 ())(.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪()~~1~~8‬‬ ‫~‪~(10 0‬‬ ‫)(~‪~000~~1‬‬ ‫(~‪10~~111‬‬ ‫‪(18 8110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪6-11.‬‬ ‫‪11118‬‬
‫‪(1(((10~~111~01,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 ~~(111118‬‬ ‫‪(188~11101)1 (18 (1 ~0111~(1~1‬‬ ‫~‪11011, 18 ~088101‬‬ ‫‪0(1)1‬‬ ‫~‪1( 111‬‬
‫‪0~111((11 0( 10(1() 18 (1~~~88101~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~~301()1~ 6-5‬‬
‫~~‪1/1~ 1/1(~~-~/1(18~ 1111101(~~11011(11~0111(011~( 111~1~. 6-7 811~~11~8 (1 ~~~-~01111~~1~0 (~8186‬‬
‫‪10(10 0( ~ = 100‬‬ ‫~‪(11101/1~ 1111~-10-1111‬‬ ‫‪111~111~011(1~~ 18 208 ~, 60 1-12. 1/1~ 0~1(1~ 18‬‬
‫~‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~/3.‬‬ ‫(~~‪0~1~(111111~ 1/1~ ((1) (1118 0111~111 ~/1(18~ ~011(1~~, ~0~ (0) 111~111~0‬‬ ‫‪((1~10(,‬‬
‫‪~~~ (1110 (~) ~)(~(~8810118 (0( 1/1~ 11181(1111(111~0118‬‬‫‪0111~111 ~011(1~~ 0( ~/1(18~ (1.‬‬

‫‪8010(100‬‬ ‫‪~1. = 208‬‬ ‫~‪~, ~5 = ~1./‬‬ ‫~‪= 208/‬‬ ‫‪= 120~,‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪= ~/3, (1110~ = 100.‬‬
‫)‪((1) ~(0111 (6-28‬‬ ‫= ‪1/1~ (1118 0111~111 ~/1(18~ ~011(1~~ 18 ~0‬‬
‫‪110.86~.‬‬
‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫‪(1118 ~/1(18~ ~11((~111 0( 1/1~ 10(10, /.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪110.86/10‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪11.086‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪(1110 1/1‬‬

‫‪152‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪..1~0..‬‬ ‫‪6-11‬‬ ‫‪~)1~(111111...~ 11((11118~(11~111‬‬
‫~‪01111(~~-))11115‬‬ ‫‪011101(~(1101111) (0111(0))~(.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪= 3/~~ = 3‬‬ ‫‪11.0862‬‬ ‫~ ‪10 = 3686.98‬‬

‫‪510.~~ 10.~ )030 18 ~00.0.~~1~0 10. ..,.,,.,,~, 10.~ ~0.35~ ~0..(~0.118‬‬ ‫)‪~()03‬‬ ‫‪10 10.~ 110.~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪~0.1, /1-‬‬

‫‪= /~ = 11.086~.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 10.~01 ...011-30.1~~(~ ..3110.~,‬‬

‫~‪, ~ = 3~/1- = 3 )( 120 )( 11.086 = 3990.96 ,‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪3686.98‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫= ~‪~~ = ,‬‬
‫~‪3990.96 = 0.924 13~~10.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪810.‬‬ ‫‪(1)1‬‬
‫= ‪(~) 1110.~ 10.~01 ~0.38~ ...0113~~ 18 (3)(~0. 35 10.~ ..~1~(~0.~~ 30.0 18 1)~,,.,‬‬
‫‪= 169.7510.‬‬
‫~‪(1)1, 10.~ 10.5130.130.~008 10.~01110.~ .,,0113~~5 3..‬‬

‫‪1)~8 = 2080810.‬‬ ‫‪((1)1+‬‬

‫)~‬ ‫)~ ‪= 294.2810. ((1)1+‬‬
‫‪120‬‬

‫~‪1)8‬‬ ‫)~‪= 294.2810.((1)1-‬‬

‫~~)‪1‬‬ ‫‪= 294.2 510.((1)1‬‬

‫)~‪_ 7‬‬
‫‪10.~ 10.8130.130.~008‬‬ ‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫‪~0.35~ .,,0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪1)~~, ..,.,,0.1~0.0~~~0.05‬‬ ‫(~‪00. 10.~ 0.00.10‬‬ ‫‪01 ~00.-‬‬
‫‪00~110.~ 0~.,,1~~8, ~30. 0~ 0~1~..0.110.~0 1..00.1 ~1~. 6-83‬‬ ‫~‪38 10110..,.,,8‬‬

‫~‪~0.. 0 ~ (1)1~ 7(/3‬‬ ‫‪1)~~ = 0‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪~0.. 7(/3 ~ (1)1~ 47(/6‬‬ ‫‪1).~ = 1)~,,., = 169.7510.(1)1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~(‪~0.. 47(/6 ~ (1)1~ 7‬‬ ‫)(‪1)~~ = 1)~~/2 = -1)~~/2 = 147.1810. ((1)1 - 77(/6 -7‬‬
‫)‪1‬‬ ‫‪(1)1‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪7( ~ (1)1~ 37(/2‬‬ ‫‪= 1)~,,., = 169.7 810.‬‬
‫~~‬

‫~‪~0.. 37(/2 ~ (1)1~ 57(/3‬‬ ‫‪1)~~ = 1)~8/2 = 147.1810.‬‬ ‫)‪((1)1 + 7(/6‬‬

‫)‪1‬‬ ‫‪(1)1‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~(‪57(/3 ~ (1)1~ 27‬‬ ‫‪~~ = 1)~,,., = 169.7 810.‬‬

‫‪(1.‬‬

‫‪58~. 6-6‬‬ ‫‪153‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪118~0.‬‬
‫‪18 8110~11‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(~‪~0111(011‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪111~ 1111101(~~11011(11 ~0111(011~(8,‬‬

‫(‪110(111(111~ 118~0 111 (1~ 111010‬‬

‫~‪~111~11 ~0111(1111 0~ 111()111~11((~111 (1110 111~11~( 11(1(1110111‬‬
‫~‪~0111~111 011~ 10 111~ (18~111111~1(1~(11 11(1111(~ 01111‬‬
‫~‪0(1..,~8‬‬
‫~‪111~ ~1(~1111 01(1~((1111 01 (1 111(~~-()11(18‬‬
‫‪111 ~1~. 6-12 ~1111 (1 ~~~-~01111~~1~0‬‬
‫~‪18 8111111(1(10 111(11 01 (111(111-~(1..,‬‬
‫‪()(111118 ()(0..,10~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~(1810(8‬‬
‫‪01111~(1810(8 18 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16.‬‬
‫~~‪11‬‬ ‫‪0~1111~ 111~ 11181(1111(111~0118‬‬

‫~~)‪7‬‬

‫~‪7)8‬‬
‫‪12,‬‬
‫~‪(1 111(~~-()11(18‬‬

‫‪~0111(011~(,‬‬
‫‪14, (1110 1611181~(10‬‬

‫‪111()111()11(18~ ..,011(1~~8 (18‬‬

‫‪= -0~5‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪-0~5‬‬
‫(~‪8111‬‬

‫‪8111‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫(~‬

‫~~‪0111()111 ..,011(1‬‬
‫‪0101(~~11011(11‬‬
‫(‪11111-~(1..,~ (0‬‬
‫~‪(~81811..,‬‬

‫_‬
‫‪10(10.‬‬
‫~‪~)(~~()1111(11111‬‬
‫‪010100~8.‬‬

‫)~‪2‬‬
‫‪~(1..,~10(111,‬‬
‫‪~0111(0118‬‬
‫)‪0101(~~11011(11‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪0()~((111011‬‬
‫‪(1(~ 1101‬‬
‫~‪~01111110111‬‬
‫(~‪~0111(011‬‬
‫‪0111118‬‬
‫‪(~111(11 ~11((~111‬‬
‫~~‪111~ 11(111~ 8~(),11~11‬‬

‫~~)‪7‬‬ ‫‪= -0~5‬‬ ‫‪8111‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫(~‬

‫_‬
‫)~‪4‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪11181(1111(111~0118‬‬ ‫‪111()111‬‬ ‫~‪1111‬‬ ‫‪..,011(1~~8‬‬ ‫~(‪(1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫(‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫= ‪7)~8‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~5 8111‬‬

‫‪~( +‬‬
‫)~‬
‫)‪7‬‬
‫~‪8‬‬ ‫~=‬ ‫(~ ‪~5 8111‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫)~‬
‫_‬
‫~~)‪7‬‬ ‫~ =‬ ‫(~( ‪~5 8111‬‬ ‫)~‪7‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~(1..,~10(1118‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111()111 ..,011(1~~8,‬‬ ‫‪~011011~11011‬‬ ‫‪(111~1~8 01111~(1810(8,‬‬ ‫‪(1110‬‬

‫‪154‬‬
 ‫‪(1(~ 800~0‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪10 ~1~. 6-13 10( ~ = 600 (100 ~ = 1200.‬‬ ‫~ ‪~0( 0‬‬
‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫~‪~0(18‬‬ ‫‪011(1~~8‬‬
‫‪~ ~ 600, 10000~01(11~1)1 0~10(~ 10~ 11(10~ 0111, 1~0 10)1(1810(8 ~0000~1.‬‬ ‫‪00~~ 11 18‬‬
‫‪11(~0, 10(~~ 10)1(1810(8 ~0000~1.‬‬ ‫‪1-.. 10)1(1810( 10(08 011 ~0~0 118 ~0((~01 (111~00~18 10‬‬
‫‪(~ ~(8~.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~000111008 (111~(0(11~ 0~1~~~0 1~0 (100 10(~~ ~0000~110~ 10)1(1810(8.‬‬
‫~ ~ ~ ‪~0( 600 ~ ~ ~ 900, 001)11~0 10)1(1810(8 ~0000~1 (11 (10)11100~. ~0( 900‬‬
‫‪1500,‬‬ ‫‪(111000~0‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪10)1(1810(8 ~0000~1‬‬ ‫~(~‪(11 (10)1 1100~, 10‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ ~~(1008‬‬ ‫‪~0~0‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬
‫‪10)1(1810(8 (1(~ 00.‬‬ ‫‪~0( ~ ~ 1500, 10~(~ 18 00 ~~(100 10( 1~0 ~0000~110~ 10)1(1810(8‬‬
‫‪(100 10~ 001~01‬‬ ‫= ~ ‪011(1~~ 0~~000~8 ~~(0 (11‬‬
‫‪1500. 10~ ((10~~ 01 0~1(1)1(10~1~18‬‬
‫) ‪(6-31‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪92‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪94‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪96‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪5~ 5‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‪616‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪111‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫~ ~~~‬
‫~~‬
‫~‪~2~2‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪3 ~3‬‬
‫~‬

‫‪4~ 4 ~ 5‬‬
‫~‬

‫~‬
‫~‬

‫~ ‪6‬‬
‫‪61 6‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫~‪1 ~ 2 ~ 2 ~3~3‬‬ ‫‪4 ~ 4 ~515‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫‪1 ~ 1~~~~~1~~~1‬‬
‫‪~ 1‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~ 1‬‬
‫~‪~ 0.5,,,...8~,0.5,,,...‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬

‫~‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫~‪-‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬

‫‪155‬‬
‫‪58~. 6-7‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪..,0113~~ 0~~~008‬‬ ‫~~‪00 111~ (30‬‬ ‫‪01 0~13)1 30~1~8.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (018 0111~111~0113~~ 10( 3 ~)1~-‬‬
‫‪~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪1030 ~30 0~ 101100 38 10110~8.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪0 ~ ~ ~ 600‬‬

‫‪12,,‬‬ ‫‪)1/2‬‬
‫= ‪110‬‬ ‫)()‪~~,, 0(0‬‬
‫~‪(2‬‬
‫‪,,/3‬‬ ‫‪(,,/2 +,,,‬‬
‫‪8102 0)/‬‬ ‫‪810 2 0)/‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪115‬‬ ‫‪12.‬‬
‫‪1210,,,(1‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫)‪(/(0)/‬‬ ‫‪+ ),,/2‬‬ ‫)()‪(/( 0‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪2,,/3‬‬

‫_‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪8102‬‬ ‫‪0)/‬‬ ‫‪,,/2 +,,,‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪1,,/3+ ,,,‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪(/(0)/) +‬‬
‫‪1,,/2‬‬ ‫‪-81024 0)/‬‬ ‫)‪(/(0)/‬‬ ‫)‪(6-32‬‬
‫‪(,,‬‬ ‫‪111/2‬‬
‫‪8102 0)/‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪(/(0)/‬‬
‫‪)2,,/3+,,, 3‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‬ ‫‪115‬‬
‫_‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)~‪81082‬‬
‫‪11/2‬‬
‫~( ~(‬ ‫~‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫)‪(6-33‬‬

‫)‪(6-34‬‬

‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~8‬‬ ‫~‪01 3 111(~~-~1138‬‬ ‫‪0101(~~110031‬‬ ‫(~‪~001(011‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~000~~1~0‬‬
‫(~‪10~~111‬‬ ‫‪38 8110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪6-14.‬‬ ‫‪1-1118 3((30~~01~0118‬‬ ‫‪3180 /(00~0‬‬ ‫‪38 //~ ~011(,0/‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫‪3110~8‬‬ ‫‪388~(101)1‬‬ ‫‪01 311111)1(1810(8‬‬ ‫~‪38 00‬‬ ‫‪11011.‬‬

‫~)))‪~,.301‬‬ ‫‪6-6‬‬
‫‪~~()~(11 8)((1111()1~ 6-5 101 1/1~ 1/11~~-()/1(15~ 01011~~6011(11 ~01111011~1 111~1~. 6-12.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪80)0~100‬‬ ‫‪111- = 208 ~, 115= 111-/0 = 208/0‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪= 120~,‬‬
‫‪((1) ~10111 (6-32) 1/1~ 11115001()111 ()/1(15~ ..,011(1~~ 15 110‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪= 10/3, (1110~ = 100.‬‬
‫‪= 100.9~.‬‬
‫‪(0) 1/1~ 11115()/1(15~ ~1111~111011/1~ 10(1015/0‬‬
‫‪()0~~1 15‬‬
‫‪= 100.9/10‬‬ ‫‪= 10.09‬‬ ‫‪~ (1110 1/1~ 0111()111‬‬

‫~~‪110 = 3/‬‬ ‫() ‪)( 10.092‬‬

‫‪= 3‬‬ ‫~ ‪10 = 3054.24‬‬
‫‪5111~~ 1/1~ 10(10 15 ~01111~~1~0 111~)1~, 1/1~ ()/1(15~ ~1111~11115 ~~11(1110 1/1~ 1111~~1111~111,‬‬
‫‪10.09~.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 111()111..,011-(1111()~1~,‬‬ ‫‪/1-‬‬
‫= ‪= /0‬‬

‫~~‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬

‫‪= 3115/1- = 3‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪10.09‬‬ ‫‪= 3632.4‬‬ ‫~~‬

‫‪156‬‬
 ‫‪,.,‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪+‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪...~11..~ 6-14‬‬ ‫(‪~((1111~~111~11( (0‬‬ ‫‪(/1(~~-‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪()/1115~ 0101(~~(1011111 (1~ ~011((01.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪3054.24‬‬
‫(‬ ‫) ‪.‬‬
‫= ~~‬
‫~‪,/1...= 3632.4 = 0.84 13.~~111‬‬
‫)~(‬ ‫~‪1110.‬‬ ‫~‪111~1.11 ~0.3.5‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113.‬‬ ‫‪1513./(~11‬‬ ‫~‪3.510.‬‬ ‫~~‪(~1~(~11‬‬ ‫‪3.11(151)-41-1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪12005111‬‬
‫()‪0‬‬ ‫‪169.75111‬‬ ‫‪0)(,‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ 111513.1113.11~01.15111~1.111111‬‬ ‫‪~0113.~~5‬‬ ‫~(‪3.‬‬
‫=‬

‫‪1)-48‬‬ ‫‪= 2080‬‬ ‫‪5111‬‬ ‫(‬

‫‪0)( +‬‬
‫= )~‬ ‫‪294.2 5111 0)( +‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫)~‬
‫~‪1)8‬‬ ‫)~‪= 294.25111(0)( -‬‬

‫)~‪_ 7‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪10.~ 111513.1113.11~01.15‬‬
‫‪01.1~1111~0~~1~~5,‬‬

‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪0 ~ 0)( ~ 70/3‬‬

‫()‪1)~-4 = 294.2 5111(0‬‬

‫‪01.11~1.11~0.3.5~ ~0113.~~, 1)00, ~0.1~0. 0~~~1105‬‬

‫~‪~3.11 0~ 0~1~(111111~0 1(0111 ~1~. 6-133. 3.5 10110~5‬‬

‫= ‪1)00‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪011 10.~ 111.11110~(01 ~011-‬‬

‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪70/3 ~ 0)( ~ 270/3‬‬ ‫= ‪1)00‬‬ ‫)‪(0)( + 70/6‬‬

‫‪1)-48/2 = 147.15111‬‬
‫()‪(0‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪270/3 ~ 0)( ~ 70‬‬ ‫= ‪1)00‬‬ ‫‪1)-4~2 = -1)~-4/2 = -147.15111‬‬ ‫)‪- 770/6 - 70‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪70 ~ 0)( ~ 470/3‬‬ ‫= ‪1)00‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪470/3 ~ 0)( ~ 570/3‬‬ ‫= ‪1)00‬‬ ‫)‪(0)( + 70/6‬‬
‫‪1)-48/2 = 147.15111‬‬
‫()‪(0‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪570/3 ~ 0)( ~ 270‬‬ ‫= ‪1)00‬‬ ‫= ‪1)-4~/2‬‬ ‫‪147.15111‬‬ ‫)‪- 770/6 - 70‬‬

‫‪1-10(€.‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪13~10(,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 0~~~1105‬‬ ‫~‪011 111~ 0~13‬‬ ‫‪311~1~,‬‬ ‫‪(1, 15 111 ~~11~(31‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫(‪~00‬‬ ‫‪~0(11~3(~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 11131 01111‬‬ ‫~~‪11311-~3‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~(.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪6-8 ,.~~~~-~~~5‬‬ ‫‪8~0~~~~,.~0~~(.‬‬ ‫‪0~(. ,.~-~0~~~~,.~0‬‬

‫‪~0~,.~0(.(.~~5‬‬

‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫~‪1~((11111315 01 3 111(~~-~1135‬‬ ‫~(‪5~51~(11 3‬‬ ‫‪3~~~55101~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0111(01‬‬ ‫(‪~1~(11~1115 (0‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫)‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 1030‬‬ ‫‪(113~ 0~ ~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪111 0~113‬‬ ‫‪35 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪6-15.‬‬ ‫~~‪5111‬‬
‫~‪111~ ~1135‬‬ ‫~‪~1.1((~111111 3 110((1131111(~~-~1135‬‬ ‫~‪5~51~(11 15 0111~ 1/‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪1111~ ~1.1((~111,‬‬

‫‪5€~. 6-8‬‬ ‫‪157‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪,‬‬ ‫‪~8‬‬
‫‪,..‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫‪~~..,,6,8‬‬

‫‪..,0,6,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫~~)‪.‬‬ ‫‪~~0‬‬
‫‪..1~11..~ 6-15‬‬ ‫‪1)~1(3-00/1/1~0(~0‬‬ ‫‪(11(~~-‬‬
‫)(‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~1135~00/1((011~(.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪111~ ~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪((1110~5‬‬ ‫‪01111)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪1~55 111(10 111(11 11 111)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫‪~001(01‬‬
‫)‪~1~01~015‬‬ ‫~(~~‬ ‫‪~1(1~~0‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 110~.‬‬
‫‪1-~11.15 (1551.101~ 111(11111~ 1051(101(10~01.15‬‬ ‫~‪110~-10-110‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~5‬‬ ‫~~(‪(1‬‬

‫‪1)/1./3‬‬ ‫()‪= 1)0/) = ~~55100.‬‬

‫~‪1)/3‬‬ ‫‪= 1)/)~ = ~~5510‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫_()‪0.‬‬ ‫)~‪2‬‬

‫)‪1‬‬
‫= ‪~/1.‬‬
‫)‪1‬‬
‫= ‪~0‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~5 510‬‬ ‫)~‪(0.)(_ 4‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪5110~0‬‬
‫‪10~1.11 110~ ~011(1~~5,‬‬

‫(‪~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪6-16‬‬
‫~~‪(~51511‬‬
‫~ (‪10‬‬
‫‪10(105,‬‬

‫‪2 70‬‬
‫‪~11(15~ (100‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪1200‬‬
‫‪110~ ~1.1((~015,‬‬
‫~~‪(100 (~5156‬‬
‫~~‪111~ (015 01.11~1.11 ~11(15~ ~011(1‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪10(10.‬‬
‫‪(100‬‬ ‫(‪111)1(1510‬‬ ‫~‪~(1110‬‬

‫‪~(10 0~ 0~1~(0110~0‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫~(‪51~0(115 (1‬‬

‫‪1(001‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)()‪1)~/) (/( 0.‬‬ ‫)()‪2 ~~ 510 0.)( (/( 0.‬‬
‫~‪( 2‬‬ ‫‪1,.‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫=‬
‫‪( 2701,.70‬‬ ‫)‬
‫)‪(6-35‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫~_‬ ‫)~‪510 2‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪~5‬‬
‫~(‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫)‬
‫~~‪111~ 01(1)(1011.101 01.11~1.11 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪~01.110 0~ 001(110~0‬‬ ‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫‪~ = 0 (100 111~~001(01‬‬ ‫~~‪((10‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪01 0~1(1)1 (10~1~ 15‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(6-36‬‬

‫)‪(6-37‬‬

‫‪158‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪92‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪96‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫~‪~.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪..1~11..~ 6-16‬‬ ‫‪~3,,,~~0(1115‬‬ ‫‪~0( 0~113-~011-‬‬

‫‪11~~1~0 ~0111(011~(.‬‬

‫‪159‬‬
‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪6-8‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1.‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬
‫‪8‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪..1~11..~ 6-17 1/1(~~-~/135~ (/1(~~-(/1~(15-‬‬

‫‪(0(5 ~011((011~(.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪111(1)1 0‬‬ ‫‪015~0060110115.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(1115 ~(1111~ 01 110~ (100‬‬ ‫~‪~0(15‬‬ ‫‪~11((~015‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪10(10‬‬
‫‪~1(~11115 ~(10 0~ 0~1~(11110~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 011111~(1~(11 501111100‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫(~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(10(11)1515.‬‬ ‫‪111,,‬‬ ‫~‪15 10‬‬
‫~‪(1115 ~(1111~ 0110‬‬ ‫~‪1110 0(1(111001‬‬ ‫‪~0111~00~01‬‬ ‫~‪01 (1 ~0(15‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(1115 ~(1111~ 01‬‬
‫~‪~0(15‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪~(10 0~ 101100‬‬ ‫‪1(0111‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫= ‪1(1,,‬‬ ‫‪(1~ + 1~ + 1~ + 1~ + 1~ + 1~1+ . . .)1/2‬‬ ‫)‪(6-38‬‬
‫‪1)11~ 10 10~ 0~11(1 ~000~~600,‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1(1~1~0 0(1(111001~ ~0111~00~015‬‬ ‫(~‪(1.~., 1005~ 010(0‬‬
‫~‪11 = 3111, ~0~(~ 11115 (10 000 101~~~() 0110~ ~0(15~ ~11((~015 ~01110 110~ (1(01100 10‬‬
‫‪0~11(1 (100 ~01110 001 (1~~~(1( 10 10~ 110~. 1015 15 011~ 10 10~ 1(1~1 10(11 10~ 2~(0-‬‬
‫‪5~()11~0~~ 0(1(111001~5 (1(~ 10 ~0(15~ 10 (11110(~~ ~0(15~5 0110(10.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(1115110~ ~11((~01‬‬
‫‪0~~0111~5‬‬

‫)‪(6-39‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬ ‫~‪(1 (~51111, 10~ (1115 ~(1111~ 01110‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪~01110‬‬ ‫~‪00110110‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 00(111(11 (~1(11100501‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪01 (1 10(~~-~0(15‬‬

‫~~‪(111~(0(16‬‬
‫‪(1510(5‬‬
‫‪5)151~111 511~0 10(11‬‬

‫‪10(111 01 0~11(1-~000~~1~0‬‬
‫‪(100 51111~1111~5 10~ ~001(01‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111()115‬‬
‫‪~001(011~(5‬‬
‫‪500~0‬‬
‫‪~01~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪(~()111(~5‬‬
‫‪6-17.‬‬ ‫‪1015‬‬
‫~~(‪001)110‬‬
‫)‪(6-40‬‬

‫‪(1(((10~~111~01‬‬
‫‪10)1-‬‬

‫‪15 (1150 /(00~0‬‬ ‫‪(15 (1 ~0/)18011-~01111~~(~(/,‬‬ ‫‪~011(,.0//~,..‬‬

‫~)))‪~)(301‬‬ ‫‪6-7‬‬

‫~‪10.~ 10.(~~-~0.38‬‬ ‫‪0101(~~601131‬‬ ‫‪0~113-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~( 111 ~1~. 6-15‬‬ ‫~~‪0.38 3 (~8186‬‬
‫~ ‪1030 01‬‬ ‫‪= 10 0.‬‬ ‫‪1110.~ 1111~-10-1111~~0113~~ 18 ~$‬‬
‫‪= 208 ~, 601-12, 3110 10.~ 0~13)1‬‬
‫(‪311~1~ 0. = 27//3, 0~1~(01111~ 10.~ (3) (018 01.11~1.11~0.38~ ~0113~~, ~0~ (0) ~)(~(~5510115 10‬‬
‫~‪111513111311~01.15~1.1((~1115 1., 1.0, 3110 10.~ (~) (018 01.11~1.11~0.35~ ~1.1((~111, /.0, 3110 (015 1111‬‬
‫(~~‪~1.1((~111, /.~ (0) 111~1.11~0‬‬ ‫‪13~10(, ..~~ 3110 (~) (015 ~1.1((~111 013 10.)1(1810(,‬‬
‫‪/~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪80)1.11100‬‬ ‫‪~1. = ~$ = 208 ~,‬‬ ‫‪0. = 27//3,‬‬ ‫‪~ = 100,‬‬ ‫~‪3110 ~~3‬‬ ‫‪~311.1~ 01 ~0.35~~1.1((~111,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪/,,, = -0‬‬ ‫()‬

‫‪208/10‬‬ ‫‪= 29.4 ~.‬‬
‫‪(3) ~(001‬‬ ‫‪8().. (6-35),‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪= 92 ~.‬‬
‫(‪(0) ~551.101111~ 1.0 35 10.~ (~1~(~11~~ ~0.380‬‬ ‫‪3110 1.0 = /,,, 5111 (,)(, 10.~ 111513111311~01.15‬‬
‫~~(‪~1.1((~1115 3‬‬

‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪0 ~ (,)( -( 7//3‬‬ ‫‪1.0 = 0‬‬

‫)‪10. = /,,, 5111((,)( - 47//3‬‬

‫)‪1. = 1.0 - 10. = - /,,, 5111((,)( - 47//3‬‬
‫~‪~0( 7//3 -( (,)( -( 27//3‬‬ ‫‪1.0 = 10. = 1. = 0‬‬

‫‪160‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫= ‪/06‬‬ ‫())( ‪1,,, 5111‬‬
‫‪/,.0 = 0‬‬
‫())(‬
‫‪/0 = /00 -‬‬ ‫‪/00 = 1,,, 5111‬‬
‫‪/00 = 0‬‬
‫())((‬
‫‪/00 = 1,,, 5111‬‬ ‫)‪- 4-../3‬‬
‫‪/0 = /06 -‬‬ ‫= ‪/00‬‬ ‫‪-1,,,‬‬ ‫‪5111 (())( -‬‬ ‫)‪4-../3‬‬
‫~ ())(‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪4-../3‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪5-../3‬‬ ‫‪/00‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪/00 = /0 = 0‬‬
‫())(‬
‫‪/06 = 1,,, 5111‬‬
‫())(‬
‫~ ‪~0( 5-../3‬‬ ‫~‪~ 2-..‬‬
‫‪/00 = 0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫())(‬
‫‪/0 = /00 -‬‬ ‫‪/00 = 1,,, 5111‬‬

‫~‪(~) 111~ ((115 ~(1111~5 01 /06 (1110 /0 (1(~ 0~1~((11111~0 0~ 1111(11~(1~(111111~~((111011115111‬‬

‫~(‪(1‬‬
‫‪(1 ~0(1111111~( 11(0~((1(11 11(1(11~0 ~~00-4,‬‬ ‫‪...,111~1115 ~1~~11 111~1111~11(1)( ~.‬‬ ‫‪51110~1115‬‬
‫‪~11~011((1~~0 10 ~~(11~ 111~ (~511115.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‬ ‫‪13.18‬‬
‫‪11..‬‬ ‫~‪= 10 = 13.18‬‬
‫‪106‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪9.32‬‬
‫~ ‪= 1.1414‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪011111111110...,~(,‬‬

‫‪)( 9.322 )( 10‬‬

‫‪110 = 31~0~ = 3‬‬ ‫‪= 2605.9‬‬

‫‪, ~ = 3~/)1.. = 3 )( 208 )( 9.32 = 5815.7‬‬

‫‪110‬‬ ‫‪2605.900‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫~‪0.448 (1(1~~111‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫= ~‪~~ = ,‬‬

‫~‪1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‬

‫= ‪5815.7‬‬
‫~‪(~) 111~ 111~(1510( ~11((~111 ~(1110~ 0~1~((11111~01(0(11111‬‬

‫~ = ~‬
‫‪9.32‬‬
‫~ ‪= 6.59‬‬
‫‪1111(15~~11((~111,‬‬

‫‪1-/0(~.‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪= 9.32‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪93.2 ~, ~11~(~(15 ~(). (6-35) ~1~~5 92 ~.‬‬
‫~~‪111~ 0111~(~0‬‬ ‫~‪15 00~ 10 (000010‬‬ ‫‪01110 111~ 00(0~(1~(11 501111100.‬‬

‫‪011((10510((0~(5.‬‬
‫‪111~(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪~(10 0~ 05~0‬‬ ‫‪(15 51(111~ 5~11~11~5‬‬ ‫‪10( 00-10(10‬‬ ‫~‪1(1~ ~11(10~10‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪51(111~ 1(1~ ~11(10~~(5‬‬ ‫~~‪11(1~~ 111~ (10~(101(1‬‬ ‫~(~~ ‪01‬‬ ‫~‪1(151 5~11~1110‬‬ ‫‪(1~1100.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫(~~‪~11(111~~0‬‬ ‫~‪~(10 0‬‬

‫‪~001(011~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~0~~ ~111110(10‬‬ ‫‪~000111005‬‬ ‫‪(100 15 5(000111.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~‪~1(~1111 01(1~((1(0 01 (1 510~1~-~11(15‬‬ ‫(~‪1((10510((0‬‬ ‫‪1(1~ ~11(10~~( 15 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~. 6-18.‬‬

‫(~‪~111100~11 (11((10510((0‬‬ ‫~(‪(0(1~ 11(1~~ (00111~1~ 5~~000(1‬‬ ‫‪~10010~5,‬‬ ‫~(‪001~ 1~0 5~~000(1‬‬

‫‪~10010~5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 5110~0,‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5(1~~ 01 51(0~11~11~.‬‬

‫~(‪~(1(0(1‬‬ ‫‪1051(101(10~005‬‬
‫‪111~ 10(0‬‬ ‫(~‪((1110 0110~011((10510((0‬‬ ‫~‪(1(~ 511~11111(1111111‬‬
‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪161‬‬
‫‪58~. 6-9‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫‪,0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪8‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪.,0‬‬

‫‪.,,1~11..~ 6-18‬‬ ‫~‪5111~1~-))/135‬‬ ‫(~‪1(3115~0(111‬‬

‫‪(3)) ~/1311~~(.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪111~ 5~~0003()1105130130~0115‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬

‫()‪(1‬‬
‫))‪1‬‬
‫‪= -0‬‬ ‫‪11) 510‬‬

‫‪1)2‬‬ ‫‪= -0‬‬ ‫()‪112 510 (1‬‬

‫(‪~ 13~ ~1130~~( 15 (0051 ~0(0(0001)1115~010‬‬ ‫‪(~51511~~ 11~3110~ 10305.‬‬ ‫‪~11~0 001)1‬‬
‫‪111)1(1510(5 13 300 14 3(~ 311~(031~1)111(~0‬‬ ‫‪~1111 3 0~13)1 30~1~ 01 (1 = 0, 111~1030‬‬
‫‪~0113~~ 15 11~10 31 3 (~011~~0 1~~~1 01110‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪111. 1111111 0111~111 ~0113~~ 15 (~()111(~0,‬‬
‫‪001)1111)1(1510(5 11 300 12 3(~ 311~(031~1)111(~0 ~1111 3 0~13)1 30~1~ 01 (1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫‪11111~0113~~ 15 110 = 111 300 112.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~3110~ ~1115~5 01111)1(1510(5 ~30 0~ ~001(011~0 10 ~3()1 111~ 1030 ~0113~~.‬‬
‫~‪((05 ~3111~ 011030 ~0113~~, 110, ~30 0~ ~3(1~0 ~111110 111(~~ ~055101~ (30~~5‬‬

‫‪0 ~ 110 ~ ~1‬‬

‫~‪= 0 300 111‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬

‫)‪~0.,1,.0‬‬ ‫~‪,.~.,9‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪= 0 $ 110 $ 111. 10 ~3()1111~ 1030 ~0113~~ ~111110 11115(30~~,‬‬
‫‪111)1(1510(5 1) 300‬‬‫‪12 3(~ 111(0~0 011. 111)1(1510(5‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪13 300 14 ~30 0~~(31~ 35 3 510~1~-‬‬
‫‪~1135~ ~0113~~ ~001(011~(.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 105130130~0115 1030 ~0113~~ 1)0 300 ~11((~01‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~(‪/0 3‬‬
‫‪5110~0 10 ~1~. 6-19~ 10( 3 (~51511~~ 1030.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ((05 1030 ~0113~~ ~111~11 ~30 0‬‬
‫‪0~1~((010~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0(0 ~(). 6-8) 1030 15‬‬
‫‪)/2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪510 2(1‬‬
‫‪110‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪11‬‬
‫~(‬ ‫(‬‫‪70 -‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫~‬ ‫))‬ ‫)‪(6-41‬‬

‫)‪~0.,1,.0‬‬ ‫=‪,.~.,9~ 2‬‬ ‫‪0 $ 110 $ (111 + 1(2).‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1510(5 13 300 14 3(~ 111(0~0‬‬
‫‪011.‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1510(5 1) 300‬‬ ‫~‪12 0~~(31‬‬ ‫‪35 3 510~1~-~1135~ ~0113~~ ~001(011~(.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~11‬‬

‫‪162‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(01‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)~(‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪-..(2~1‬‬

‫‪(01‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪~~0‬‬ ‫=‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~.,18‬‬
‫‪-..(2~1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪~2‬‬
‫)‪~(0‬‬

‫‪~~~0‬‬

‫‪(01‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪..1~11..~ 6-19‬‬ ‫‪~3.,,~(0(1115‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫‪1(305-‬‬
‫‪(0(111~( 13(1 ~/1308~(.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(6-42‬‬

‫())(‬
‫~‪~001,.0‬‬ ‫‪,.3098‬‬
‫=‪3‬‬ ‫‪~1 ~ ~0 ~ (~1 + ~2).‬‬ ‫‪10)1(1810( 13 18 111(0~0 00 (11‬‬
‫‪0 (100 10~ 8~~000(1()1 ~011(1~~, 1)1, (1()()~(1(8 (1~(088 10~ 10(10.‬‬ ‫‪1110)1(1810( 11 18‬‬
‫())( ‪111(0~0 00 (11‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪~, 10)1(1810( 13 18 (~~~(8~ 01(18~0 011~ 10 8~~000(1()1 ~011(1~~ 1)2,‬‬
‫())(‬
‫‪(100 13 18 111(0~0 011. 10~ ~011(1~~ (1()()~(1(10~ (1~(088 10~ 10(10 18 (1)1 + 1)2). ~1‬‬

‫‪5€1~. 6-9‬‬ ‫‪163‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪= 70, 11 15 5~11-~01111111.1131~0 3110 1415 11.1(11~0 011.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5~~01103()1‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪1)1 3~~~3(5‬‬
‫()‪3~(055 111~ 1030 1.11111112 15 11(~0 31 0‬‬ ‫()‪~11~11 12 15 11.1(11~0011 31 0‬‬
‫‪70 +~.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪70‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫~‪~, 14 15 11.1(11~0 011 01.1~ 10 (~~~(5‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫~~‪1)2 3110 111~ 1030 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪15 (1)1 + 1)2).‬‬
‫‪~1 0)( = 270, 1215 5~11-(01111111.1131~0, 1315 11.1(11~0 011 323111 3110 10~ ()1~1~ 15 (~~~31~0.‬‬
‫~~‪111~ 111513111311~01.15 1030 ~0113‬‬ ‫~‪1)0 3110 ~1.1((~111 /0 3(~ 5110~11 111 ~1~. 6-19‬‬ ‫‪10( 3‬‬
‫~~‪(~51511‬‬ ‫‪1030.‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‪13‬‬ ‫(~~‪~11311‬‬ ‫‪~1111 11115 1)1~~ 01 ~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪15 3150‬‬ ‫‪~110~11‬‬ ‫‪35 3 5)111~/1,0110/15‬‬ ‫‪((1/1‬‬
‫‪~/1(1118~,.‬‬ ‫~~‪111.15~5 1~0-51‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01.‬‬ ‫‪~ ~3(1‬‬ ‫‪015~~01103()1‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪1)215 51.1~~(1111~05~0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪011 3 51111.1501031 ~01132‬‬ ‫‪1)1.‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫~(‪3 (~51.111 10~ 113(1110111~ ~0111~1115 3‬‬ ‫‪1~55 11131 ~01~11‬‬
‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0013111~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 3 110(11131 ~035‬‬ ‫‪0~13)1‬‬ ‫‪35 015~1.155~0‬‬ ‫~~‪300‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫~~‪(311‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (1115 1030‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ 101.1110 1(0111‬‬

‫=‪~0‬‬ ‫‪(2~102701)6(/(0)())1/2‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(1,. 2~~511120)((/(0)1‬‬ ‫‪11/2‬‬
‫=‬ ‫))()‪+ 1,.702(~1 + ~2)2511120)((/(0‬‬ ‫)‪(6-43‬‬
‫~‪12‬‬

‫(‬ ‫_‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬

‫_‬ ‫‪(~1‬‬ ‫‪~2)2‬‬
‫~~( =‬ ‫~‬
‫)~‪511122‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫~‬ ‫(‬‫‪70‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)~‪511122‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪~1111‬‬ ‫‪~1.‬‬ ‫‪10305,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~31111~ ~1(~1.111 01 3 5)111~11(01101.15 13‬‬ ‫(~~‪~11311‬‬ ‫‪(~().1.11(~5 3‬‬
‫‪~3(~11.11 0~51~11.‬‬ ‫‪1,~1‬‬ ‫‪1.15 3551.1111~ 11131 (0)1(1510(5‬‬‫~(‪11 3110 12 3‬‬ ‫‪11.1(11~0 011,‬‬ ‫~‪~1111‬‬
‫‪(11)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪133110‬‬ ‫‪14 3(~ 11.1(11~0 011 01.1(111~ 111~ 311~(1131~ 11311-~)1~1~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111‬‬
‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫~‪111~11 0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~(~‪~11‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪7,‬‬ ‫‪= (~2 + (0)1.)2)1/231106 = 1311-1(0)0~).‬‬
‫‪111513111311~01.15 1030‬‬
‫‪/0‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪0~1‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪~1.1((~111 /0 15 5110~11111‬‬
‫()‪5111 (0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪6‬‬

‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪6-203.‬‬ ‫‪1111‬‬ ‫‪15 111~11 11.1(11~0‬‬

‫()‪011 31 0‬‬ ‫~(~‪= ~, ~0‬‬ ‫(~‪~ ~ 6, 10~ 5~~0110 ~1110111~ 011(311510(111‬‬ ‫‪~01.110 0~ 5110(1‬‬
‫~‪~1(~1.111~0 0~~31.15‬‬ ‫(‪(0)1(1510‬‬ ‫~‪14 15 51111 ~01101.1~1111~ 3110 ~3(()1111~ ~1.1((~111 01.1~ 10 10‬‬
‫‪11101.1~11~~ 1030.‬‬ ‫‪111~(~10(~,‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~0111(01 ~1(~1.111 5001.110 0~ 0~51~11~0 50 1031 11 15 1101‬‬
‫~ ‪11.1(11~0 011 1.11111114 11.1(115 011 3110 /0‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪51111113(1)1,‬‬
‫‪12 51101.110 1101 0~ 11.1(11~0 011‬‬
‫~ ‪1.11111113 11.1(115 011 3110 /0‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~3~~10(1115‬‬ ‫‪011030‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~ 1)0 3110 1030 ~1.1((~111‬‬
‫~(‪/0 3‬‬ ‫‪5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪6-200‬‬ ‫~ ~ (‪10‬‬ ‫‪6.‬‬

‫~))(‪~~301‬‬ ‫‪6-8‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪10~ ~1(~1.111111 ~1~. 6-18 18 ~0111(011~0 38 3 8)111~0(01101.18 13() ~0311~~(.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ()(1013()1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪.,,0113~~ 18 240 ~, 60 1-12. 10~ 8~~01103()1 .,,0113~~8 3(~ 111‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪112‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 120~.‬‬
‫~‪1110~ 1030 (~8181311~~ 18 8. = 10 0 3110 10~ (1118 1030 .,,0113~~ 18 180 ~, 0~1~(111111~ 10‬‬
‫‪(3) 0~13)1 311~1~ 0(10)1(1810(8‬‬ ‫‪11 3110 12~ (0) (018 ~1.1((~111 0(10)1(1810(8‬‬ ‫)~( ~‪1, 3110 12‬‬
‫‪(018 ~1.1((~111 0(10)1(1810(8‬‬ ‫‪13 3110 14~ 3110 (0) 111()1.11()0~~( 13~10(, ~~.‬‬

‫‪80)1.11100‬‬ ‫‪110 = 180~,‬‬ ‫‪11,, = 240~,‬‬ ‫‪111 = 120~,‬‬ ‫‪112 = 120~,‬‬ ‫‪31108. = 100.‬‬
‫‪(3) 10~ (~()1.11(~0 .,,3111~ 010~13)1‬‬ ‫‪311~1~ ~ 10( 110 = 180 ~ ~~11 0~ 101.11101(0111 ~4.‬‬
‫~‪(6-43) 1111~0 ~3)18 (1) ()101 110 3~311181 ~ 3110 11110 10~ (~()1.11(~0 .,,311.1~01 ~, 0( (2) 1.18‬‬
‫‪31111~(311.,,~ 01~1000 018011.111011. ~ ~0111()1.11~( ()(0~(30118‬‬ ‫(‪1.18~0 10 801.,,~ ~(). (6-43) 10‬‬
‫‪~ 0)111~(311011‬‬ ‫~ ‪3110 1018 ~1.,,~8‬‬
‫‪= 980.‬‬

‫‪164‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪...(1.(~1‬‬ ‫)‪+ ~2‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬

‫‪~1.‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫)‪(0‬‬

‫)~(‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪111‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪0115 ~1.111~111 01111~1151015‬‬

‫‪/81‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~(‬

‫‪2708. ),,‬‬
‫‪171 +‬‬
‫‪08.‬‬
‫‪10.91-...‬‬
‫‪11115 ~1.111~111 011111~151015‬‬

‫‪/83‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪172‬‬

‫‪(2~8.2‬‬
‫‪(--‬‬
‫‪2(171 +‬‬

‫_ ( ~(‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫‪70‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪0=(3-8‬‬

‫~‪11 (1110 12 ~(111 0‬‬

‫)‪172)2511120)((/(0)1‬‬

‫~‪51112‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪13 (1110 14 15 101.1110 110111‬‬

‫~‪(217‬‬ ‫)()‪5(1120)( (/(0‬‬

‫‪)1/2‬‬
‫))‬
‫~‬

‫‪101.1110 110111‬‬

‫‪)1/2‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪1/2‬‬

‫)‪(6-44‬‬

‫)~‪511122‬‬ ‫)‪(6-45‬‬
‫‪= ~8.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫~(~(‬
‫‪= 6.51-...‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪11115 ~1.111~111 01 (1 5~~0110‬‬ ‫~‪5~~0110(11‬‬ ‫~‪~1110111‬‬ ‫‪15/2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪0/81‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪15.4‬‬ ‫‪1-....‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪11115 ~1.111~111 01‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 11151 5~~011031‬‬ ‫‪~1110111~,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11‬‬ ‫‪15 111~ 101(11 11115 ~1.111~111 01‬‬
‫‪111~1151015‬‬ ‫‪11,‬‬ ‫‪12,‬‬ ‫‪13,‬‬ ‫‪(1110 14,‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪/1 = ((0/81)2‬‬ ‫‪+ (0/83)2)1/2‬‬ ‫‪= 17.941-...‬‬

‫‪111~ ~011-(1111~~1~1(11111~01 ~11111(11~01 5~~0110(11~, ~ 1 = 171/1 + ~2/2 = 4000.8.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪10(10 ~0~~1, ,,0 = ~6/ 8. = 3240 ~, (1110111~~0~~1 1(1~101,‬‬
‫‪,,0‬‬ ‫‪3240‬‬ ‫) ‪.‬‬
‫= ~~‬ ‫~‪0.8 098 (1(1~~111‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪4000.8‬‬

‫‪58~. 6-9‬‬ ‫‪165‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~~‪111~ 3~ .,,0113‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~(5‬‬ ‫‪))(0.,,1()~ 3 .,,3(1301~ 0111))111 .,,0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪0111111~ 1(~()11~11~)1 01‬‬
‫~~‪0111))111 .,,0113‬‬ ‫‪15 11)(~() 311() 111 3()()111011 111~ 113(1110111~ ~0111~11115 111~11, ~5))~~1311)1 31‬‬
‫~‪3 10‬‬ ‫~~‪0111))111 .,,0113‬‬ ‫‪(311~~.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪.,,3(1301‬‬ ‫~~‪0111))111 .,,0113‬‬ ‫~‪31 .,,3(1301‬‬ ‫‪1(~()11~11~)1 ~311‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫)(~‪0013111‬‬ ‫~~‪1(0(11 1~0-513‬‬ ‫~‪~011.,,~(510115‬‬ ‫~‪11)(~() 3~ 10 .,,3(1301‬‬ ‫‪()~ (~.~.,‬‬ ‫)(~‪~0111(011‬‬
‫)‪(~~1111~(5‬‬ ‫~‪311() .,,3(1301‬‬ ‫~‪()~ 10 .,,3(1301‬‬ ‫~‪3~ 31 .,,3(1301‬‬ ‫‪1(~()11~11~)1‬‬ ‫‪(~.~.,‬‬ ‫‪111.,,~(1~(5,‬‬
‫~(‪~111~11 3‬‬ ‫)(~‪()15~1155‬‬ ‫(~‪111 ~113))1‬‬ ‫‪8).‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~.,,~(,‬‬ ‫‪~)1~10~011.,,~(1~(5‬‬ ‫~‪~311 ~11(1111131~ 111‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)(~~‪11‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫~‪011‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫~(‪(110‬‬ ‫~‪1111~((11~()131‬‬ ‫‪~011.,,~(1~(5.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫(~‪~)1~10~011.,,~(1‬‬ ‫‪15 3 ()1(~~1-‬‬
‫(~~‪1(~()11~11~)1 ~11311‬‬ ‫‪11131 ~011.,,~(15‬‬ ‫(~~‪3~ ))0‬‬ ‫‪31 011~ 1(~()11~11~)110‬‬ ‫(~~‪3~ ))0‬‬ ‫(~‪31 3110111‬‬
‫~‪1(~()11~11~)1 0)1 3~-3‬‬ ‫‪~011.,,~(51011,‬‬ ‫~‪~11110111 311 1111~((11~()131‬‬ ‫‪~011.,,~(51011‬‬ ‫‪1111~.‬‬
‫‪111~ (113)0(11)1‬‬ ‫‪01 ~)1~10~011.,,~(1~(5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫)(~‪113111(311)1 ~0(11(1111131‬‬ ‫‪311() 111~ (113)(1(1111(11‬‬
‫‪0111))1111(~()11~11~)115‬‬ ‫‪11(1111~() 10 3 .,,3111~ 1113115 0111)1 31(3~11011‬‬ ‫~~(‪01111~ 5011‬‬ ‫‪1(~()11~11~)1.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~5‬‬ ‫(‪3 (~51111111~ (113)0‬‬ ‫‪3))))11~3110115‬‬ ‫‪01 ~)1~10~011.,,~(1~(5‬‬ ‫~‪3(~ 10‬‬ ‫‪5))~~(),‬‬ ‫‪3~ (11010( ()(1.,,~5‬‬
‫~~‪111 111~ (311‬‬ ‫‪11)) 10 15 000‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪~11111(~()11~11~1~5‬‬ ‫‪1(0(11 0 10 20‬‬ ‫‪1-12.‬‬ ‫~(‪~~ ()(1.,,~5 3‬‬
‫)(~‪()15~1155‬‬ ‫(~‪111 ~113))1‬‬ ‫‪11.‬‬
‫‪~1111‬‬ ‫‪111~ ()~.,,~10))(11~111‬‬ ‫(~~‪01 ))0‬‬ ‫‪~011.,,~(51011‬‬ ‫‪1~~11111()11~5 311() (110()~(11‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬
‫‪(11~1110()5,‬‬ ‫)(~‪111.,,~(1~(-1‬‬ ‫(‪3~ (11010‬‬ ‫‪()(1.,,~5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫(~‪13~111~ 0.,,‬‬ ‫)(~‪~)1~10~011.,,~(1~(-1‬‬ ‫‪()(1.,,~5.‬‬
‫‪1-10~~.,,~(,‬‬ ‫‪(~~~111‬‬ ‫‪3().,,311~~(11~1115‬‬ ‫~‪111 1351-5~11~11111‬‬ ‫(~~‪))0‬‬ ‫‪()~.,,1~~5‬‬ ‫‪311() (111~(0))(0~-‬‬
‫‪~550(5‬‬ ‫‪))~((1111‬‬ ‫)(~~‪5)111111~512111~ 311() 1(11))1~(11~111111~ 3().,,311‬‬ ‫‪~011.,,~(51011‬‬ ‫‪51(31~~1~5‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬
‫)(~‪10(~~()-~0(11(1111131‬‬ ‫‪()1(~~1-1(~()11~11~)1‬‬ ‫‪~11311~~(5‬‬ ‫)‪(~0~~5‬‬ ‫~‪10 0))11(1112‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~111~1~11~)1‬‬
‫~~‪311() (~()11‬‬ ‫‪111~ 113((110111~ ~0111~1115 (1,2).‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5~11~11111~ 11111~110115 01 ~~0‬‬ ‫‪~~5‬‬ ‫‪~311‬‬
‫)(~‪0~ ))(0~(3(11(11‬‬ ‫~)(‪10 ~0(110111~ 111~ 5~11~11111~ 11111~110115 013~-‬‬ ‫~‪311() ()~-3‬‬ ‫‪~011.,,~(1~(5.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪011‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 113111(~ 01 ()~(1.,,3110115‬‬
‫‪~011.,,~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪~1111101‬‬ ‫)(~‪0~ ()15~1155‬‬
‫‪111.,,01.,,~() 111 ~~0~~5,‬‬
‫‪111(111~(.‬‬
‫)(~‪10(~~()-~0(11(1111131‬‬ ‫‪~)1~10-‬‬

‫‪111~ ))(111~1))1~ 01 0))~(311011‬‬ ‫~‪01 5111~1~-))1135~/5111~1~-))1135‬‬ ‫‪~)1~10~011.,,~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ ~)(-‬‬

‫‪))13111~() ~1111 111~ 11~1)) 01 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪6-213.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫~‪5111~1~-))1135‬‬ ‫)(~‪~0111(011‬‬ ‫‪~011.,,~(1~(5‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫)(~‪0))~(31‬‬ ‫~~)(‪35 0(1‬‬ ‫‪(~~1111~(5.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~.,,~(,‬‬ ‫~‪111~1( ()~13)1 311~1~5 3(~ 511~11 11131 111‬‬
‫~~‪0111))111 .,,0113‬‬ ‫~‪01011‬‬ ‫(~‪~011.,,~(1‬‬ ‫)(‪15 ~()1131311‬‬ ‫~‪0))))0511‬‬ ‫‪10 11131 01111~ 0111~( ~011.,,~(1~(.‬‬
‫(~‪11 ~011.,,~(1‬‬ ‫~‪~ 15 0))~(31111‬‬ ‫~~‪31011~, 111~ 3.,,~(3‬‬ ‫‪0111))111 .,,0113~~ 15 ))05111.,,~ 311() 11‬‬
‫(~‪~011.,,~(1‬‬ ‫‪1-/ 15 0))~(31111~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0111))111 .,,0113~~ 15 11~~311.,,~.‬‬ ‫‪~1~11(~ 6-210‬‬ ‫~‪5110~5 111‬‬
‫‪~3.,,~10((115‬‬ ‫‪10( 111~ 0111))111 .,,0113~~ 311() ~31111~ 51~11315 01 ))05111.,,~ 311() 11~~311.,,~ ~011-‬‬
‫‪.,,~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫~‪~1111111‬‬ ‫(~‪))05111.,,~ ~011.,,~(1‬‬ ‫‪011 10( 11(11~ 10/2‬‬ ‫(~‪311() 111~ 11~~311.,,~ ~011.,,~(1‬‬ ‫‪011‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪11(11~ 10/2.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 1(~()11~11~)1 01111‬‬ ‫~~‪0111))111 .,,0113‬‬ ‫‪15/0 = 1/10.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪11 0./1 15 111~ ()~13)1 311~1~ 01 ))05111.,,~ ~011.,,~(1~(,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ()~13)1 311~1~ 01 11~~311.,,‬‬
‫(~‪~011.,,~(1‬‬ ‫‪15 0.,,‬‬
‫~~‪= 10 - 0./1. 111~ 3.,,~(3‬‬ ‫~~‪0111))111 .,,0113‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫~‪))05111.,,‬‬ ‫(~‪~011.,,~(1‬‬
‫~‪15 ~()1131 311() 0))))0511‬‬ ‫‪11131 01111~ 11~~311.,,~ ~011.,,~(1~(.‬‬

‫)‪(6-46‬‬
‫‪51(11113( 10 ()1131 ~011.,,~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪111 5~~110115‬‬ ‫‪4-5‬‬ ‫‪311() 4-10,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111513111311~0115 .,,3111~5‬‬
‫‪011~0‬‬ ‫‪0111))111 .,,0113~~5‬‬ ‫‪(113)11101 0~ ~()1131.‬‬ ‫~‪11/5 ))055101‬‬ ‫~~(‪10( 13‬‬ ‫‪113((110111~ ~11((~1115‬‬
‫‪10 ~1(~11131~ ~1111111 111~ ~011.,,~(1~(5.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪~1(~11131111~ ~11((~111 ~311 0‬‬ ‫~‪~11(1111131~() 0)1 511))))(~55111‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~31‬‬ ‫‪))1115~5 10‬‬

‫‪166‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪~-()0,,1/9/19‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫~‪~-()0,,1/9/19‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~------1‬‬ ‫‪~-------1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪~+‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~~~~~~~~~~1‬‬

‫‪~~.,,‬‬
‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪~~~1‬‬
‫‪1/01‬‬ ‫‪1/02‬‬ ‫‪~,.1.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪~~~1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪__-1‬‬ ‫~‪~- - - - - -‬‬
‫)~(‬ ‫‪~~~~()~1‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫(~‪13~ 1(30510((0‬‬
‫‪3 ~0060110115‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪10~ ~00~~(1~( 001 0~11~~(10~ 1030 ~11((~01.‬‬ ‫‪/1...510~1~-~035~ ~00~~(1~( ~110 ~~01~(-‬‬
‫‪35 500~0 10 ~1~. 6-22 035 30 101~(~(011~ (~3~10(, ~01~0 (031013105‬‬
‫~‪~11((~01110‬‬ ‫‪300 3150 11(0115 10~ ~1(~1113110~ ~11((~01.‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪~99~1~1/9‬‬
‫~‪~ ~0,,1/9/19‬‬
‫‪~1~(1..~ 6-22‬‬ ‫(~‪~~(10(011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪~11111111~(-‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪_ _ _ .-.1‬‬ ‫‪~(0()11‬‬
‫‪(~~(10(.‬‬

‫‪58~. 6-10‬‬ ‫‪167‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~)))‪~~301‬‬ ‫‪6-9‬‬

‫~~‪111.~ 111~01 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪10 111.~ ~)1~10~011~~~1~~ 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪6-213 18 120‬‬ ‫‪,, 60 1-12. 111.~ 1030‬‬
‫~~‪~~8181311~~ 18 5 0 3110 111.~103011100~1311‬‬ ‫~‪18 1- = 40 1111-1. 111.~1~~().0~11~)101111.‬‬
‫‪001~01‬‬
‫~ ~ ‪~0113~~ 18 20 1-12. 11111.~ ~011~~~1~~8 3~~ 0~~~31~0 38 8~1111~011~~~1~~8 80~0. 10.31 0‬‬
‫‪~ ,,,. 3110 111.~0~13)1 311~1~ 18~,,‬‬ ‫‪2,,,./3, 0~1~~111111~ 111.~(3) ~1118~310~ 01001~01‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~,‬‬
‫=‬
‫~~~‪110, (0) ~1118~0~~~111 01 ~3~11. 111.)1~1810~,1~~ 3110 (~) 111~01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪13~10~, ~~.‬‬

‫‪80)01100 115= 120 ,,1. = 601-12, /0 = 201-12, 8. = 5 0, 1- = 40 1111-1,‬‬

‫‪~,, = 2,,,./3,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(()0‬‬ ‫~()‪2,,,. )( 20 = 125.66 ~30/8, (110‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= (()01-= 5.027 0.‬‬
‫)‪(3) ~0~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ,,,., ~().. (6-8‬‬ ‫‪~1~~8 111.~~1118001~01‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬

‫‪110 = 115‬‬
‫(‬ ‫~‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪,,,.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫~‪81112‬‬
‫~‬ ‫))‬ ‫)‪(6-47‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪= 53‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪())) 2 = (8.2 + ((()01-)2)1/2‬‬
‫‪= 7.09031109‬‬ ‫‪= 1311-1((()008.) = 45.20. 111.~~1118‬‬
‫‪1030 ~0~~~111,10 = 11)2 = 53/7.09 = 7.48~.‬‬ ‫‪111.~~1118~0~~~111111.~00~11.‬‬
‫‪~3~11.~011~~~1~~,‬‬
‫‪1,, = 1,., = 10/0‬‬ ‫‪= 5.29 ~ 3110 10~ ~1118~0~~~11110~00~11. ~3~0 111.~)11810~,‬‬
‫‪1~ = 1,,/‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪= 3.74 ~.‬‬
‫~ ‪(~) 111.~~1118111~01~0~~~111,15 = 10 = 7.48 ~, 10~ ~011-3111~~~~~31111~ ,‬‬
‫‪= 11515‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪897.6‬‬ ‫‪,~, (111010~ 001~01 ~0~~~, ~0 = 11010 ~08 9 = 279.65~.‬‬ ‫‪~~0111 ~().. (6-‬‬
‫‪8), 10~ 111~01..,0~~~ 13~10~,‬‬

‫‪110‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪)1,2‬‬

‫= ~~‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)~‪811122‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪~~8 = ~08 9 (~(,,,.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪~~5‬‬
‫)‪(6-48‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫=‬
‫‪_279.65‬‬ ‫( ‪3 2‬‬
‫) ‪.‬‬
‫~‪897.6 = 0. 1 13~~111‬‬
‫‪1-/01~. 8((03600 (6-48) 00~8 00110~100~ 111~113(111001~~001~01 00 111~001~01‬‬
‫‪~0113~~ 300 ~1..,,~8111~3~~~0)(111131~..,,310~01 ~0~~~ 13~10~. 111~ 3~1031 ..,,310~~111‬‬
‫‪0~ 1~88 11130 11131~1..,,~00)1 8((. (6-48).‬‬ ‫‪8((036008 (6-47) 300 (6-48) 3~~ 3180..,,3110‬‬
‫‪10~ ~~8186..,,~ 10308.‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~1~~011 013~~3111‬‬ ‫~‪01 3 111~~~-~1138~/810~1~-~1138‬‬ ‫~~‪~)1~10~00..,,~~1‬‬ ‫‪18 8110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 1=01~.‬‬
‫‪6-233.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1~0‬‬ ‫~‪3~-0‬‬ ‫‪~00..,,~~1~~8‬‬ ‫~‪3~~ 111~~~-~1138‬‬ ‫‪~001~011~0‬‬ ‫‪~~~1111~~8.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 8)10-‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪111~818 01‬‬ ‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫‪~3..,,~10~111‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫‪1~~((0~0~)1‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪1-12 18 8110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 1=01~.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪6-230.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪~08111..,,‬‬ ‫~~‪~00..,,~~1‬‬ ‫‪0~~~31~8‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 11311111‬‬ ‫‪~~~100‬‬ ‫‪01 001~01‬‬ ‫‪1~~((0~0~)1‬‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0~~36..,,‬‬ ‫~~‪~00..,,~~1‬‬ ‫‪0~~~31~8‬‬ ‫‪10~ 111~ 0111~~ 11311-~~~100.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 30(1)18180111118‬‬
‫~~‪~)1~10~00..,,~~1‬‬ ‫~‪18 81111113~ 10 11131 01 810~1~-~1138~/810~1~-~1138‬‬ ‫‪~)1~10~00..,,~~1~~8.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~001~01‬‬ ‫‪01 3~ 111010~8 ~~((01~~8‬‬ ‫~‪3 111~~~-~1138‬‬ ‫‪..,,0113~~ 31 ..,,3~1301~ 1~~((0~0~)1.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪~)1~10~00..,,~~1‬‬ ‫‪10 1=01~. 6-233‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪~)(1~00~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~~0..,,10‬‬
‫~‪111~~~-~1138‬‬ ‫‪001~01‬‬
‫~‪0)1113..,,10‬‬ ‫~‪81)( 111~~~-~1138‬‬ ‫‪~00..,,~~1~~8‬‬ ‫‪38 8110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 1=01~. 6-243.‬‬ ‫‪83~11 ~1138~ ~0081818‬‬
‫‪01 81)( 111)1~1810~8 38 8110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 1=01~. 6-240,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪3 10131 0118‬‬ ‫‪111)1~1810~8 3~~ ~~((01~~0.‬‬
‫~‪11 81),. 1011-~3..,,‬‬ ‫~‪111~~~-~1138‬‬ ‫‪~~~611~~8‬‬ ‫‪3~~ 08~0,‬‬ ‫‪36 111)1~1810~8 ~0010‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~~((01~~0.‬‬

‫‪168‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1. = 60~2‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪-.,0‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫~‪~~ ~30 0011~~ 1(001 ~1~8. 6-210 30(1 6-230 11131 111~ 001~01 ~0113~~ 18 001 ~0(~1‬‬
‫‪8100801(131, 30(1 38 3 (~8011 111~ 001~01 ~0113~~ ~0013108 113(01001~8.‬‬ ‫‪8()031100‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(6-48) 8110~8 11131111~ 10~01 ~0~~( 13~10( (1~~~0(18 00 111~ (1~13~ 30~1~ 01111~(1810(8‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪30(118 ~00(, ~8~~~1311~ 31111~ 10~ 001~01 ~0113~~ (30~~.‬‬

‫‪111~ 001~01 ~0113~~ 01 ~~~10~00~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫‪18 0381~311~ 013(1~ 0~ 01 8~~01~018 01‬‬
‫~‪10~01 ~0113~~( 8) 30(1 111~ 3~~(3~~ ~310~ 01 3 8~~01~01 (1~~~0(18 00 111~ (1~13~ 30~1‬‬
‫‪10( 11131 8~~01~01.‬‬ ‫‪11111~ (1~13~ 30~1~8 01 8~~01~018 ~~(~ ~3(1~(110 80~11 3 ~3~ 11131‬‬
‫‪111~ 3~~(3~~ ~310~8 01 8~~01~018 ~0((~8~00(1‬‬ ‫‪38 ~108~1~ 38 ~088101~ 10 111~ ~3(136008‬‬
‫~‪01 (1~81(~(1 8100801(131 001~01 ~0113~~, 111~ 113(01001~8 00 111~ 001~01 ~0113~~ ~30 0‬‬
‫‪011010112~(1. 510~~ 111~ 3~~(3~~ 001~01 ~0113~~ 01 3 8~~01~0118 3 ~0810~ 100~600‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬

‫‪169‬‬
‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪6-10‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪~6()~~8.‬‬
‫~~~‪(8.) ~~6018.‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪,..,‬‬ ‫‪,..,.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪0~1(1)1 (10~1~,‬‬ ‫‪10~ 0~1(1)1 (10~1~5 ~0( 5~~(0~015‬‬ ‫‪~(10 0~ ~~0~((11~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 ~0(0~(1(10‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫~‪~0510‬‬
‫~~(‪51~0(11 (11 5011‬‬ ‫‪~(~()11~0~)1‬‬ ‫~)‪(1‬‬ ‫‪= -0‬‬ ‫‪~5 ~05‬‬ ‫‪0)5/) ~110‬‬ ‫‪(10 10~(11 510115010(11‬‬ ‫‪0111~111‬‬
‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪(11 10‬‬ ‫‪0111~111 ~(~()11~0~)1‬‬ ‫‪(1).‬‬
‫‪= -0‬‬ ‫‪~. 510 0)0/).‬‬ ‫~‪~1~11(~ 6-25 500~5 10‬‬
‫‪~~0~((11100‬‬ ‫~‪0~ ~(1110‬‬ ‫‪51~0(115 ~0( 10~ 10)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫(~‪0~ 10~ ~)1~10~00~~(1‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪6-23(1.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(0(1)(1(011(0‬‬ ‫~~‪(1~~((1‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪0~ (1 5~~(0~01‬‬ ‫‪(~01~00~~11(5‬‬ ‫‪~0( 0.,,‬‬ ‫‪= 0) 5001110‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0~ ~()11(1110‬‬ ‫~‪10~ ~~(1‬‬ ‫‪~(1111~ 0~ 0111~111 ~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫‪~0( ~)((1(0~1~,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪2-0~5‬‬
‫= ‪~,,‬‬ ‫‪= -0‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫)‪(6-49‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬ ‫)‪(6-49‬‬ ‫‪~1~~5‬‬ ‫‪10~ ((05‬‬ ‫~~‪~(1111~ 0~ 0111~111 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(15‬‬

‫‪-0~5‬‬
‫‪~0=-‬‬ ‫)‪(6-50‬‬
‫~‬

‫‪170‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪_2-,(21/.‬‬
‫‪..‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪~~00~8~0~ 00‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~~00~8~0~00‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪9,,92‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪93.94‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪91..92.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪93.,94.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪~1(301~1‬‬ ‫‪6-10‬‬

‫‪~~11~31 ~)(301111~ 6-9 1~ 111~ 0~13~ 31181~8 0~ 111~ ~~~10~011~~~1~~ 8~~ 8~11~~81~0 0~ ~0111-‬‬
‫‪()8~1118 8 ~08111~ 8181181 81 111~ 8011~~~ ~~~~11~11~~ ~1111 8 811111801081 8181131 81 111~ 0111()111‬‬
‫‪~~~~11~11~~ 88 8110~11111 ~18. 6-25.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪80101100‬‬ ‫‪~$‬‬ ‫‪~~ = 271/3,‬‬
‫‪= 120 ~, /$ = 60 1-12,/0 = 20 1-12,~ = 5 0, ~ = 40 1111-1,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(00 = 271 )( 20 = 125.66 ~80/8, 8110)(1- = (00~ = 5.027 0.‬‬

‫‪(8) ~~0111 ~~. (6-50), 111~~1118~8111~0~ 111~011111111‬‬
‫‪~01188~,‬‬

‫‪0~$‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪=-‬‬ ‫‪= 0.6366~$= 0.6366‬‬ ‫~ ‪120 = 76.39‬‬
‫‪71‬‬

‫‪5~~. 6-10‬‬ ‫‪171‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪1030 (11~~~111,10 = ~).2 = 76.39/7 = 10.77.4..‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~~5 (11~~~111111~011~11~,1(11‬‬
‫‪(011..,~~1~~, 1,, = 1,., = //)0‬‬ ‫‪= 7.62.4., 3110 111~~~5 (11~~~111111~011~0~3(11111)1~1510~,‬‬
‫‪1~ = 1,,/0‬‬ ‫‪= 5.39.4..‬‬
‫)((‬ ‫‪111~ ~~5‬‬ ‫= )(‪111~111(11~~~111, /.- = /‬‬ ‫‪10.77‬‬ ‫‪,4., 111~ ,,011-(1111~~~~ ~(11111~, ~,4.‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪~,1,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1292.4‬‬ ‫‪~.4.,‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~ 0(11))111 ))0.,.,~~,‬‬

‫= ‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~010 (05 6 = 0.6366~)0‬‬ ‫‪(05 6 = 580.25‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~~ = 0.6366 (05 9‬‬
‫) ‪(6-51‬‬
‫‪580.25‬‬ ‫) ‪.‬‬
‫~‪= 1292.4 = 0. 44 9 ( 13~~111‬‬

‫‪~0(~.‬‬ ‫(~~‪~~1.131100 (6-51) 50.0~5 10.31 10.~ 10~1.11 ~0‬‬ ‫~‪~3~10( 15 100~~~110~01 0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪0~13)1 30~1~, ~ 300 0~~~005 0(1)1 00 10.~ 1030 30~1~ 8. )31.11~0( 00((1131 ~0.35~ 311~1‬‬
‫(~~‪~001(01, 10.~ 111~1.11~0‬‬ ‫‪~3~10( 15 0~~~00~111 00 0010. 0~13)1 30~1~, ~, 3110 1030‬‬
‫‪311~1~, 8.‬‬ ‫)‪1~ ~~ ~0(11~3(~ ~~. (6-48‬‬ ‫‪~110. ~~.‬‬ ‫‪(6-51),‬‬ ‫~‪10.~(~ 15 3 ~(111~31 ,,311.1~ 0‬‬
‫‪0~13)1 30~1~ ~0 ~0.1~0. 15 ~1,,~0 0)1‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫~(‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫~~‪510 2‬‬
‫~‬ ‫))‬ ‫‪= 0.6366‬‬ ‫)‪(6-52‬‬

‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~ ~‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 00((1131‬‬ ‫~‪0~13)1-311~1‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫‪~)(0.1011‬‬ ‫(~‪3 0~11‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫(‪~3~10‬‬
‫~~‪300 10.~ 5011.111000~ ~~. (6-52) )11~105‬‬ ‫‪= 98.590.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪10.‬‬

‫~‪10.‬‬
‫(~~‪(31111~5 0~ ~0‬‬
‫‪0~~1.1(5 ~0.~0‬‬
‫‪10~111 300‬‬
‫‪0~,,1~~5‬‬
‫(~‪10.~ ~00,,~(1‬‬
‫‪(111.1510~ 0~51~0~0‬‬
‫‪0~11,,~(5‬‬
‫~‪~0( 10.~ ~0(51-~35‬‬ ‫‪~0110111011,‬‬
‫~~‪10.~ (113)(1(111.1(11((115 ,,3111~ 0~ 0111~1.11 ,,0113‬‬
‫‪0111~111 ~111~(5 (111151 3150 0~ 0~51~0~0‬‬ ‫~‪~0( ~0(51-~35‬‬ ‫‪~0001110115.‬‬
‫‪.,.,0.1~0.‬‬
‫‪110.‬‬
‫~‪10.‬‬
‫(~~‪0111~111 0~ 3 ~0‬‬ ‫(~‪~0111(011‬‬ ‫‪~01113105‬‬ ‫‪0.3((11001~5,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ 0~13)130~1‬‬ ‫‪~0( 10.~ .,.,0(51-‬‬
‫‪~35~ ~011011100 0~ 3 ~3(11~1113( ~1(~1111 3((30~~(11~0150.01110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0~1~((1110~0.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 51~~5‬‬
‫‪10,,01,,~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 0~51~010‬‬ ‫(~~‪10.~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪~1(~11115 300 ~111~(5 3(~ 51(11113( 10 10.31 0~ 1~~11~1~1‬‬
‫‪~11~1111 0~51~0‬‬ ‫‪10 5~~11011‬‬ ‫‪2-11.‬‬

‫~‪~,.301~1‬‬ ‫‪6-11‬‬

‫~‪.4. 5111~1~-))1135~11111-.,.,3..,~ 3( ..,0113~~ (0111~011~~ 111~1~. 6-33 (0111~015 ))0.,.,~~ 110.,., 110‬‬
‫~‪3 230- ~ 60-1-12 3( 50111(~ 11110 3 1~5156,,‬‬ ‫‪1030.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~3)(1~11‬‬ ‫‪0~811~0‬‬ ‫~~‪0(11))111 ))0.,.,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪18 10 /(~.‬‬ ‫~‪~31(11131~ 111~ (3) ~3)(1~11‬‬ ‫‪~~8 (11~~~111 ~3611~ 01111)1~1510~8,‬‬
‫)‪1~1-4~ (0‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪~3)(1~11‬‬ ‫‪3..,~~3~~ (11~~~111 ~3611~ 01111)1~1510~5,‬‬ ‫~‪(() ))~3/( (11~~~111 01111)1~1810~8, 1/,‬‬
‫~‪1/11-4‬‬
‫‪3110 (0) ))~3/( ,,3111~ 01111)1~1810~ ..,0113~~, ~,,.‬‬

‫‪801111100 ~0 = 10,000~,‬‬ ‫‪~5 = 230 ~, 3110 ~,,, = 0‬‬ ‫()‬

‫‪230 = 325.3~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~3)(1~11~ ))0.,.,~1 .,.,1110~ 0~11..,~~~0 .,.,11~11111~0~13)1 311~1~18 ~ = 0. ~~0~ ~().. (6-8),‬‬
‫‪10~ ~~8 ..,3111~010(11))111 ..,0113~~ ~0 = ~5 = 230~, ~0 = ~6/8. = 2302/8.‬‬
‫‪= 10,000,‬‬
‫‪3110 1030 ~~8181311(~ 18 8.‬‬ ‫‪= 5.2911.‬‬
‫‪(3) 111~ ~3)(1~11~ ~~8 ..,3111~011030 (11~~~111,‬‬
‫‪101-4= ~)8. = 230/5.29 = 43.48‬‬
‫‪.4. 3110 111~~3)(1~11~ ~~8 ..,3111~01111)1~1810~(11~~~111,‬‬
‫‪1~1-4= 101-4/0 = 30.75.4..‬‬

‫‪172‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪(11) ~10111‬‬ ‫‪8()..‬‬ ‫‪(6-10),‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ 111(1)(11111.1111(1,,,~1(18‬‬ ‫‪~1.111~111 011/1~1151015,‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪230‬‬
‫=‪/,,.,,.,,,‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫()‬
‫~ ‪5.29 = 19.57‬‬
‫‪(~) 1/1~ ~~(1~ ~1.111~11101111~1151015,‬‬ ‫‪/,, = 1(~,/~ = 325.3/5.29‬‬ ‫‪= 61.5‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪(0) 111~ ~~(1~ 111~115101 ,,,011(18~, 1(,, = 1(~, = 325.3 ~.‬‬

‫~‪~)(301()1‬‬ ‫‪6-12‬‬
‫~‪(1 ~1., 10(10 (1110 1/1‬‬
‫‪~ 511181~-~11(15~ 11.111-~(1,,,~~01111011~1 111~18. 6-6(1 ~01111015 ~0~~1 10‬‬
‫‪501.11~~ ,,,011(18~ 15 120 ~, 60 112.‬‬ ‫)‪((1‬‬ ‫~‪05‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫‪111~11100‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪~01.111~1‬‬ ‫‪5~11~5 10 0111(1111‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪~)(~1~5510115 101 01.11~1.11,,,011(18~ 1)0(() (1110 10(10 ~1.111~111/0(1) (15 (111.111~11011010~1(1‬‬ ‫~‪(11181‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪(11) 0~1~1111111~ 111~ 0~1(1~ (11181~101111~ 111(1)(11111.1111‬‬
‫‪(111101.1111‬‬
‫~‪0110~~51-010~111(111110111‬‬
‫‪~1.111~111111111~ 10(10.‬‬ ‫‪(~) 11 ~ = 50,1.,‬‬ ‫‪= 1011111, (1110 ~ = 70/2, 0~1~1111111~ 111~ .1115‬‬
‫‪,,,(111.1~01111110 11(111110111~~1.111~111. (0) 11 (1 ~(1~(1~1101 15 ~01111~~1~0 (1~1055 111~ 10(10 (~18.‬‬
‫‪6-26),‬‬ ‫~‪~(11~1.11(11~111~ ,,,(111.1~01 ~(1~(1~11(111~~10 1~01.1~~ 1/1~ 111110 11(111110111~~1.111~1111111/1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪10(10 10 10%‬‬ ‫‪01111~ 10(10 ~1.111~111.‬‬

‫‪80101100‬‬ ‫‪((1) 111~ ~(1,,,~10101 101 111~ 01.11~1.11,,,011(18~ 15 5110~11 111 ~18.‬‬ ‫‪6-611.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111-‬‬
‫‪51(1111(111~01.15‬‬
‫‪01.11~1.11,,,011(18~ ~(11111~ ~)(~1~55~0 111~01.111~1 5~11~5 (15‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬

‫‪1)0(() = 1(00 +‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪(/,, ~05 /1())( +‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪00 5111‬‬
‫())(‪/1‬‬ ‫)‪(6-53‬‬
‫‪~=1.2‬‬ ‫‪~=1,2...‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫=‬
‫‪01(,‬‬
‫‪70‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪~05(/1‬‬ ‫~)‪+ 1‬‬
‫‪/1+1‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~05(/1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1)70‬‬ ‫‪~05 (/1 - 1)~ - ~05 (/1 - 1)701‬‬
‫‪/1-1‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪101/1=3,5,...‬‬ ‫)‪(6-54‬‬
‫‪=0‬‬ ‫‪101/1=2,4,...‬‬
‫‪(,,‬‬
‫= ‪00‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫)‪01(55111())(5111/1())((/(())1‬‬
‫~)‪70‬‬

‫‪01(5‬‬ ‫‪+ 1)~ _ 5111(/1 - 1)~ 1‬‬

‫=‬
‫‪70‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪5111(/1‬‬

‫‪/1+1‬‬ ‫‪/1-1‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪101/1‬‬ ‫‪= 3, 5, ...‬‬ ‫)‪(6-55‬‬

‫‪=0‬‬ ‫‪101/1 = 2,4, ...‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫‪0,/0‬‬

‫‪..1~11..~ 6-26‬‬ ‫~‪5111~1~-..,/135‬‬ ‫‪(1.111~0110,/~1(~1‬‬

‫‪~1(/1 ~/.., 1030.‬‬

‫‪58~. 6-11‬‬ ‫‪173‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(6-56‬‬

‫)‪(6-57‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪7, = 8. + 1(/1001,)= (8.2 + (/1001,)2)1/2‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪311() 6~ = ~311~1 (/10008.).‬‬ ‫)(‪01~1()111~ 110(() 111 ~~. (6-53) 0)1103‬‬ ‫)(‪1111~~()311~~ 7, 311‬‬
‫~‪51111~111)1111‬‬
‫‪~0.~ 5111~ 311() ~05111~ ~~(1115 ~1~~ ~0.~ 103() ~1.1((~11~ 35‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‬

‫= )((‪/0‬‬ ‫‪~ 0‬‬

‫‪11=2,4,...‬‬
‫(‪1~ 5111 (/100‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫~‪6‬‬ ‫)~~ ‪+‬‬ ‫)‪(6-58‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪((1~ + 6~)1/2‬‬

‫= ~‪1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪(8.2 + (/1001,)2)1/2‬‬
‫(~)((‪(0) 111~ ~0.1(() 0.3(1110111~ 15 ~0.~ 10~~5~-0‬‬ ‫‪0.3(1110111~.‬‬ ‫)((‪10.~ ~31~1.1136011 01 ~/11‬‬
‫~‪0.3(1110111‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪~3(101.15‬‬ ‫‪~311.1~5 01 ()~13)1‬‬ ‫~‪311~1‬‬ ‫‪50.0~5‬‬ ‫‪~0.3~ 1~ 0~~0111~5‬‬ ‫(‪(113)(11111.111110‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫=‬
‫‪~/2.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~0( ~ = ~/2, 1, = 1011111,8. = 50,‬‬ ‫~‪00 = 2‬‬ ‫()‬
‫= ‪60 = 377 (3()/5 311() ~$‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪120 ~,‬‬
‫‪/0(() = (16.065111 (00( - 32.480 - 370) + 4.375111 (300( + 900‬‬

‫)‪+ 0.9235111(500(- 900 - 75.140) + 0.675111(700(+ 900 - 79.270‬‬

‫)‪+ 0.3155111 (900( - 900 - 81.620) + . . .‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪66.150‬‬

‫‪4.37‬‬
‫= ‪13‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 3.09‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪(~) ~1~1.1(~ 6-27‬‬ ‫‪50.0~5‬‬ ‫‪~0.~ ~~1.11~31~11~ ~1(~1.11~10( 0.3(1110111~ ~1.1((~11~.‬‬ ‫~‪05111~ ~0.‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~11~-()1~1()~( (1.11~, ~0.~ 0.3(1110111~ ~1.1((~11~ ~0.(01.1~0. 103() 15 ~1~~11 0)1‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪_- (8.2‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪%0‬‬
‫~‪1‬‬ ‫‪+ (/1001, - %0)2)1/2‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫~‪~..‬‬ ‫‪6-27‬‬ ‫‪~().111~31~111 (1..(1111 ~0.. 03..-‬‬

‫‪1110111( (11 ~111.‬‬

‫‪174‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~/1~~~ %0 = 1/(1/0)0.‬‬ ‫‪~0~ 1/ = 3 (11100) = 377,‬‬

‫~‪/‬‬ ‫‪%0‬‬
‫‪1,, = (52 + (3‬‬ ‫()‬
‫=‪3.77 - %0)2)1/2‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬
‫‪~/11~/1 ~1~108 %0 = -1.362 0~ 1.134.‬‬ ‫‪5111~~%0 ~(11111010~ 11~~(16~~, %0 = 1.134‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪1/(3 )( 377~) 0~ ~ = 779.85 /-1-~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪0.~(1~(16.008‬‬ ‫‪01 0111.,111 ~011(1~~8,‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫~~‪0(1‬‬ ‫~‪(18811((1~0. 10(11 10‬‬ ‫~~(‪8011‬‬ ‫‪0(18 00‬‬
‫‪100.11~1(10~~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~11~~1‬‬ ‫~~(‪01 (10)1 5011‬‬ ‫~~‪100.11~1(10‬‬ ‫‪~01110.‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪10 0.~1(1)110‬‬ ‫‪111(0-011‬‬
‫‪0(10)1(1810(8.‬‬ ‫‪10)1(1810(8‬‬ ‫‪~01110.‬‬ ‫‪001‬‬ ‫‪111(0 011 (11 10~ 2~(0‬‬ ‫~‪~(08810‬‬ ‫‪0110.,111‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬
‫‪(18 800~010‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪6-280,‬‬ ‫‪(100. ~(11~ .,1118~8 01800(1‬‬ ‫‪0.11((11100 ((1(1)1 001 0~ 81111(101~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪0(1(((1001‬‬ ‫‪~001~018‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫~~‪10~ 0111.,111 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪~01110.‬‬ ‫‪(1180 10~(~(18~.‬‬
‫~~‬ ‫‪0(1~~ 8~~0 10 5~~1100‬‬ ‫~‪6-5 10(1110‬‬ ‫‪10(10. 100.11~1(10~~ .,1(1)18 (1 81~0111~(101 .,(1(1‬‬
‫‪(1 .,1118~0.‬‬
‫~~‪00 10~ .,~.-10(((1(10‬‬ ‫(~~‪01.,0‬‬ ‫‪~001(011~(8.‬‬ ‫~‪~110011~010‬‬ ‫‪0111.,111 ~011(1~~ 15‬‬
‫‪~(1~~10(((1,‬‬ ‫~~‪10~ 10(10.100.11~1(10‬‬ ‫~‪1(1~8 10 ((1(1101(110 (1 ~00110110118 ~11((~01110‬‬ ‫‪(18 800~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~8. 6-60 (100. 6-280.‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪~(10 (1180 0011~~ 1(0((1 ~~8.‬‬ ‫)‪(6-48‬‬ ‫)‪(100. (6-52‬‬ ‫~‪10(1110‬‬
‫(~~‪10.,111 .,0‬‬ ‫(~~‪1(1~10( 01 .,0‬‬ ‫(~‪~00~~(1‬‬ ‫‪0.~.,~00.8‬‬ ‫(~~‪00 10~ 10(10. .,0‬‬ ‫‪1(1~10(.‬‬ ‫~‪1)11‬‬
‫~‪10 10‬‬ ‫~‪8~11~010‬‬ ‫‪~0(1((1~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪0(10)1(1810(8,‬‬ ‫~~‪(10)1 100.11~1(10‬‬ ‫~‪10 10‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111 ((1(1~~8‬‬
‫~(‪10~ (10(11)1818 ((10‬‬ ‫‪~0((1.,1~)(.‬‬

‫)‪(8‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~.‬‬

‫)‪(0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪...1~0..‬‬ ‫‪6-28‬‬ ‫‪~((~(15‬‬ ‫‪0( 1030‬‬ ‫~(‪111011(1311‬‬

‫‪011 1030‬‬ ‫‪(11((~111 3110 ~0113~~.‬‬

‫‪58~. 6-12‬‬ ‫‪175‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪3~ ~0113‬‬ ‫(~‪~001(011‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫‪1.15~ 00-011‬‬ ‫‪~001(01‬‬ ‫~‪0( ~035~-30~1‬‬ ‫‪~001(01.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪00-‬‬
‫‪011 ~001(0115‬‬ ‫~(‪010‬‬ ‫‪51.111301~ 10( 5)151~015‬‬ ‫~‪113~10‬‬ ‫~‪3 111~111101‬‬ ‫‪~0051301.‬‬ ‫~‪1)1.1~ 10 111‬‬
‫‪0~ ~001~00~01‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪10~ 01.11~1.11 011.10101(~~110031‬‬ ‫‪~001(011~(5,‬‬ ‫‪0101(~~110031‬‬ ‫‪~001(011~(5‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪00(01311)11.15~0‬‬ ‫‪10 1001.151(131 3~~11~311005.‬‬ ‫~‪01.1~ 10 10~ 5~11~010‬‬ ‫‪~03(3~1~(1511~5‬‬
‫‪01 10)1(1510(5,‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫~~‪1001.1~11‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪013/(~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5011.111005‬‬ ‫‪01 ~().1.1311005‬‬ ‫~‪0~5~(1010‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~~‪~~(10(0130‬‬ ‫‪01 ~001(011~(5‬‬ ‫~(‪010‬‬ ‫()~‪~001~1‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫~~‪11~(311‬‬ ‫‪01~11100‬‬ ‫‪01 5011.11100 15‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~(‪010‬‬ ‫‪~00~~01~01.‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ 10~1.11 ~0‬‬ ‫(‪13~10‬‬ ‫‪01 ~001(011~(5,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 ~3(1~5‬‬ ‫‪~1111 0~13)1‬‬
‫‪30~1~,‬‬ ‫‪15 ~~0~(311)1‬‬ ‫‪~00(,‬‬ ‫‪~5~~~1(11)1‬‬ ‫~‪31111‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪01.11~1.11 (30~~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪3~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪~00-‬‬
‫‪1(011~(5‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫(~‪0~ 1.15~0 35 1(30510(01‬‬ ‫‪51311~ 13~ ~1130~~(5.‬‬
‫~~‪111~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪~001(011~(5‬‬ ‫~‪~(0~10‬‬ ‫~~‪30 01.11~1.11 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪31 3 11)(~0 1(~().1.1~0~)1.‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬
‫‪~1135~-~001(011~0‬‬ ‫‪(~~1111~(5‬‬ ‫‪~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪35 01.131 ~00~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0~~(31~0‬‬ ‫‪35 01(~~1-‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1(~().1.1~0~)1‬‬ ‫‪~1130~~(5‬‬ ‫‪/(00~0‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪~)1~/0~017~~,(~,5.‬‬ ‫‪~1111‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~~~10~01~01‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪1351-‬‬
‫~‪5~11~1110‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(~~0‬‬ ‫‪~001011.1131100‬‬ ‫‪01 ~)1~10~00~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫~~‪15 ~055101‬‬
‫‪110~~~~(,‬‬ ‫~‪11 (~().1.11(~5 5)10111~51210‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 5~11~1110‬‬ ‫‪11.10~11005‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫‪(1,2).‬‬

‫‪1. ~.‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪~10~(15,‬‬ ‫‪8.‬‬ ‫‪1. 1(11(111, (1110 ~.‬‬ ‫‪1-1. ~(151110, --80111~ 1111~(0.,,~0‬‬ ‫‪10(~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111111111(11~0‬‬
‫(~‪~)1~10~011.,,~(1‬‬ ‫‪51(1.1~111(~5.,,‬‬ ‫~~~ ‪/‬‬ ‫‪1,.(1115(1(//0115011 /1101-/.5/,.)1‬‬
‫‪.4~~//((1//011.~, ~ 01. 1~ 121,‬‬
‫‪~0. 5 (8~~1~1110~(-0~100~() 1985, ~~. 1242-1253.‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~. ~~11111(1, --~ 11~~ 5111~~(1.,,~ 1115111~~(1.,,~ 0111 ~011.,,~(510111~~11111().11~~11111111(11~5‬‬
‫‪~1~111~1115.,, ~,.0((~~0/1185 ~0/1)~,.(011 7, 1980, ~~. .83-1-.83-13.‬‬
‫‪3. 1,. 0)111~1, (1110 8.‬‬
‫‪.4~~//((1//0115,‬‬ ‫~~~‬
‫‪~. ~~11)1, 5/(1//( ~0/1)~,. ~,.~~~~11()1‬‬
‫‪~ 0(/(~ ~11~)1-1111~(5~1~11~~,‬‬ ‫‪1976.‬‬
‫~‪(~(1~6.,,‬‬

‫‪~/1(1118~5-1/1~0,.)1,‬‬ ‫‪~~,.10,.~/(111(~,‬‬ ‫‪(1110‬‬

‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪8.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫~‪~~11)1, 1/1)1,./5/0,.-~/1(15‬‬ ‫‪~011/,.0//~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111/~,./~,.5‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~)1(/0(0111/~,./~,.5.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫=(‪~0(/‬‬
‫‪~11~)1-1111~(5~1~11~~,‬‬ ‫‪1971.‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫(~~‪--1.8.8.8 51(1110(1(0 0~1111111011(1110 (~().111(~111~111510( 111)1(1510( (1~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~(5,,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪/‬‬
‫‪5/(1110(1,.0, ~0. 428-1981,‬‬ ‫‪1981.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪6-1.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11 (1(~ 111~ (10.,,(1111(1~~5(1110 015(10.,,(1111(1~~5 01 011-011‬‬ ‫‪~0111(017‬‬

‫‪6-2.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11 (1(~ 111~ (10.,,(1111(1~~5(1110 015(10.,,(1111(1~~5 01 ~11(15~-(111~1~ ~0111(017‬‬
‫‪6-3.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11 (1(~ 111~ ~11~~15 01/0(10‬‬ ‫‪111011~1(111~~011 111~ ~~(10(111(111~~ 01 (1~ .,,011(1~~ ~0111(011~(57‬‬
‫‪6-4.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11 15 111~ ~)(611~11011 (111~1~7‬‬
‫‪6-5.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11 (1(~ 111~ (10.,,(1111(1~~5(1110 015(10.,,(1111(1~~5 011111101(~~11011(11 ~0111(011~(57‬‬
‫‪6-6.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11 (1(~ 111~ (10.,,(1111(1~~5(1110 015(10.,,(1111(1~~5 01 0101(~~6011(11 ~0111(011~(57‬‬
‫‪6-7.‬‬ ‫‪~11(1115‬‬ ‫‪(1 6~ ~0111(01 (1(((111~~111~1117‬‬
‫‪6-8.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11 (1(~ 111~ 51~~5 111.,,01.,,~0 111 0~1~(111111111~111~ 0111~111 .,,011(1~~ ~(1.,,~10(1115 01111(~~-‬‬
‫‪~11(15~ 1111101(~~6011(11 ~0111(011~(5 7‬‬

‫‪176‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪6-9.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3~~ 111~ 51~~5 111,,,01,,,~0 111 0~1~~~111111~ 111~ 0111~111 ,,,0113~~ ~3,,,~10~~5‬‬ ‫‪01111~~~-‬‬

‫‪~1135~ 0101~~(601131‬‬ ‫‪(0111~011~~57‬‬

‫‪6-10.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3~~ 111~ 30,,,31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 01530,,,31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪01 0~113-(01111~(1~0‬‬ ‫‪(0111~011~~5 7‬‬
‫‪6-11.‬‬ ‫‪~113115‬‬ ‫‪111~(0111~01 ~311~~ 01111~ 0~13)1 311~1~ 10~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 1111101~~(601131 (0111~011~~5 7‬‬
‫‪6-12.‬‬ ‫‪~113115‬‬ ‫‪111~ (0111~01 ~311~~ 01111~ 0~13)1 311~1~ 10~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 0101~~(601131‬‬ ‫‪(0111~011~~57‬‬
‫‪6-13.‬‬ ‫~‪~113115111‬‬ ‫‪(0111~01 ~311~~ 01111~ 0~13)1311~1~ 10~ 111~~~-~1135~ 1111101~~(601131 (0111~011~~57‬‬
‫‪6-14.‬‬ ‫‪~113115‬‬ ‫‪111~ (0111~01 ~311~~ 01111~ 0~13)1 311~1~ 10~ 111~~~-~1135~ 0101~~(601131‬‬ ‫‪(0111~011~~57‬‬
‫‪6-15.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3~~ 111~ 30,,,31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 01530,,,31113~~5‬‬ ‫~~~~‪011~311510‬‬ ‫‪13~ (11311~~~57‬‬
‫‪6-16.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3~~ 111~ ~~111005‬‬ ‫~~~~‪10~ 0111~111 ,,,0113~~ (0111~01 011~311510‬‬ ‫‪13~ (11311~~~57‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪6-17.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪15 3 5)111(11~011011513~ (11311~~~7‬‬
‫‪6-18.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪15 3 ()1(10(011,,,~~1~~7‬‬
‫‪6-19.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3~~ 111~ 30,,,31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 01530,,,31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪01 ()1(10(011,,,~~1~~57‬‬
‫‪3( ,,,0113~~ (0111~011~~57‬‬
‫‪6-20.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3~~ 111~ 30,,,31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 01530,,,31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪6-21.‬‬ ‫‪~113115‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~~111(1~1~ 01 0~~~36011‬‬ ‫‪01 ()1(10(011,,,~~1~~57‬‬
‫‪6-22.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3~~ 111~ ~11~(15 011030‬‬ ‫~(‪111011(1311(~ 011 111~ ~~~10~~311‬‬ ‫‪01 ()1(10(011,,,~~1~~5 7‬‬
‫‪6-23.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫~‪3~~ 111~ 111~~~ ~055101‬‬ ‫‪3~~311~~~~1115‬‬ ‫~~‪10~ 3 5111~1~-~1135~ 11111-~3,,,~ 3( ,,,0113‬‬
‫‪(0111~011~~7‬‬
‫‪6-24.‬‬ ‫‪~1131 3~~ 111~ 30,,,31113~~5‬‬ ‫(‪01 511111501031 113~~0111‬‬ ‫‪~~011(6011‬‬ ‫‪1~(11111~11~5 10~ ()1(10(011-‬‬
‫‪,,,~~1~~5 7‬‬

‫‪6-25.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫~~ ‪3~~ 111~ ~31~ 51~1131 ~~~111~~~~1115 01111)1~1510~5 10~ ,,,0113~~ (0111~011~~5 ~1111‬‬
‫‪103057‬‬
‫‪6-26.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3~~ 111~ ~11~(15 01 5011~(~ 3110 1030 111011(1311(~57‬‬
‫‪0~,,,1(~5‬‬ ‫~~‪10~ 3( ,,,0113‬‬
‫‪6-27.‬‬ ‫‪~1131 3~~ 111~ (0110160115‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 111~ ~0~51-(35‬‬ ‫~~~‪0~51~11 01 ~0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪6-28.‬‬
‫‪(0111~011~~57‬‬
‫‪~1131‬‬
‫‪1~011~~57‬‬
‫‪3~~ 111~ (0110160115‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 111~ ~0~51-(35‬‬ ‫‪0~51~11 011030‬‬ ‫~‪1111~~5 10‬‬
‫‪3( ,,,0113~~ (011-‬‬

‫‪6-1.‬‬ ‫~ ‪111~ 3( ,,,0113~~ (0111~011~~ 111~1~. 6-13 15 115~0 10~ 11~31111~ 3 ~~5156,,,~ 1030 01‬‬ ‫‪= 5 0‬‬
‫~~‪3110 111~ 111~111 ,,,0113‬‬ ‫= ‪15 11,‬‬ ‫‪120~,‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪1-12.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪111)1~1510~ 5~11(1115‬‬ ‫‪011 10~ /1‬‬ ‫‪= 125‬‬
‫~‪()1(1~5 3110 15 01110‬‬ ‫‪111 = 75 ()1(1~5.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~~~111‬‬ ‫‪111~ (3) ~~5 0111~111 ,,,0113~~,‬‬ ‫)))( ~‪110‬‬

‫~~~‪111~111~0‬‬ ‫‪13(10~,‬‬ ‫‪~~ ~ 3110 (~) 3,,,~~3~~ 3110 ~~5 (11~~~111 01111)1~1510~5.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪6-2.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 3( ,,,0113~~ (0111~011~~ 111~1~. 6-13 115~5 011-011 (0111~0110~ 11~3611~ 3 ~~5156,,,~ 1030‬‬
‫~~~‪01 ~ = 4 0 3110 111~ 111~111,,,0113~~ 15 11, = 208 ~, 60 1-12. 11111~ 0~51~~0 0111~111 ~0‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪())) 111~111~0~~~ 13(10~, ~~.‬‬

‫‪15 ~0 = 3 /(~, 0~1~~~111~ 111~ (3) (111)1 ()1(1~, /(~ 3110‬‬
‫‪6-3.‬‬ ‫~ ‪111~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 11311-~3,,,~ 3( ,,,0113~~ (0111~011~~ 111~1~. 6-23 1135 3 ~~51511,,,~ 1030 01‬‬
‫‪120 ~, 60 1-12. 111~ 0~13)1 311~1~ 01111)1~1510~ 11‬‬
‫= ‪= 5 0 3110 111~ 111~111,,,0113~~ 15 11,‬‬
‫)‪111~ (3‬‬ ‫‪~~5‬‬ ‫‪0111~111 ,,,0113~~,‬‬ ‫)))( ~‪110‬‬ ‫~~~‪111~111 ~0‬‬ ‫‪13(10~,‬‬ ‫~~~‬
‫~ ‪15‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪71/3.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~~~111‬‬
‫‪3110 (~) 3,,,~~3~~ 111~111(11~~~111.‬‬
‫‪6-4.‬‬ ‫~ ‪111~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 11311-~3,,,~ 3( ,,,0113~~ (0111~011~~ 111~1~. 6-23 1135 3 ~~5156,,,~ 1030 01‬‬
‫‪208 ~, 60 1-12. 11111~ 0~51~~0 0111))111 ~0~~~ 15‬‬
‫= ‪= 5 0 3110 111~ 111~111,,,0113~~ 15 11,‬‬ ‫(~~‪())) 111~111~0‬‬
‫= ‪~0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪/(~,‬‬ ‫~‪(31(11131‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬ ‫‪0~13)1‬‬ ‫‪311~1~,‬‬ ‫‪~~ 3110‬‬ ‫‪13(10~, ~~.‬‬

‫‪177‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪6-5.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 8111~1~-()1138~ ~11-~3‬‬ ‫~ (‪3~ ~0113~~ ~0111..011~.. 111~1~. 6-33 1138 3 ..~8186~~ 1030 0‬‬
‫~~‪= 5 11 3110 111~ 111()111~0113‬‬ ‫‪18 ~5 = 120 ~, 60 1-12. 111~ 0~13~ 311~1~8 0( 111~..1810..8‬‬
‫‪11 3110 12 3..~ ~~1131~(11‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(12‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪= 270/3.‬‬ ‫‪0~1~..111111~111~(3) ..11180111()111~0113~~,‬‬
‫‪(())) 111~111 ~0~~..‬‬ ‫‪13~10..,‬‬ ‫~~‪~~ ~ (~) 3~~..3‬‬ ‫‪~11 ~111 01111~..1510..5,‬‬ ‫‪((() ..1115‬‬
‫~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1.. ~ 3110‬‬
‫‪~11 ~111 0( 111~0510..8,‬‬ ‫‪18..‬‬
‫‪6-6.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 8111~1~-()1138~ ~11-~3‬‬ ‫~ (‪3~ ~0113~~ ~0111..011~.. 111~1~. 6-33 1138 3 ..~8186~~ 1030 0‬‬
‫‪= 1.5 11 3110 111~ 111~111~0113~~ 18 ~5 = 120 ~, 60 1-12. 1( 111~ 0~81..~0 0111()111 ()0~~..‬‬
‫‪18 ~0 = 7.5 /(~, 0~1~..111111~ 111~ (3) 0~13~ 311~1~8 0( 111~..1810..8 11 3110 12~ ())) ..11180111()111‬‬
‫)~( ‪~0113~~, ~0~ (~) 111()111()0~~.. (3~10.., ~~~ ((() 3~~..3~~ ~11 ~111 0( 111~..1810..8, /..~ 3110‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪..1118~11 ~111 0( 111~..1810..8, /8..‬‬
‫‪6-7.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030 0( 311 3~ ~0113~~ ~0111..011~..18 ..~8186~~,‬‬ ‫~ ‪~1111‬‬
‫~~‪= 1.5 11. 111~ 111()111~0113‬‬
‫‪18 ~5 = 120 ~, 60 1-12. ~101111~ ()0~~..‬‬ ‫~‪(3~10.. 3~311181111~ 0~13~ 311~1~ (0.. 8111~1~-()1138‬‬
‫‪1131(-~3~~ 3110 (1111-~3~~ ~0111..011~..8.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪6-8.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 8111~1~-()1138~ (1111-~3‬‬ ‫‪~0111..011~.. 111 ~1~. 6-63‬‬ ‫‪811()()11~8 311 ~1.‬‬ ‫‪1030.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111()111‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪18 ~5‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 120‬‬ ‫~ ‪31 60 1-12. 111~ 1030 18 811~11111311. = 5 1111-13110‬‬
‫‪= 5 11.‬‬
‫‪111~ 0~13~ 311~1~8 0( 111~..1810.. 11 3110 111~..1510.. 12 3..~ ~~1131, ~11~..~ (1‬‬
‫~‪= 70/3. 0~1~..111111‬‬
‫‪111~ (3) ~011011~6011 311~1~ 0( 111~..1810.. 11, 8~ ())) ..11180111()111~0113~~, ~0~ (~) ..1118111~..1810..‬‬
‫‪~11 ~111, /8.~ ((() ..1118 0111()111 ~11 ~111, /0~ (~) 3~~..3~~ ~11 ~111 0( 3 111~..1810.., /,.,~ 3110 (0‬‬
‫‪111()111()0~~.. (3~10.., ~~.‬‬
‫‪6-9.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 8111~1~-()1138~ ~11-~3‬‬ ‫‪~0111..011~.. 111 ~1~. 6-63‬‬ ‫‪811()()11~8 311 ~1.‬‬ ‫‪1030.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111()111‬‬
‫‪~0113~~ 18 ~5‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 120‬‬ ‫‪31 60 1-12. ~101111~ ()0~~.. (3~10.., ~~, 3~311181111~0~13~ 311~1~,‬‬
‫‪(1, (0.. (3) 1. = 5 1111-1‬‬
‫‪3110~ = 5 11, 3110())) ~ = 5 11 31101. = 0.‬‬
‫‪6-10.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111..~~-()1138~ 1111101..~~601131 ~0111..011~..111 ~1~. 6-7 811()()11~8 3 ~~~-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫~~‪..~8186‬‬
‫~ ‪1030 ~1111‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~~‪5 11 3110 111~ 1111~-10-1111~ 111()111~0113‬‬ ‫‪18 208‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫~‪60 1-12. 111~ 0~13‬‬
‫=‬ ‫~‪~0~ ())) 111()111()0~~..‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪6-11.‬‬
‫‪311~1~ 18‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪70/6. 0~1~..111111~ 111~ (3) ..11180111()111()1138~ ~0113~~,‬‬
‫‪3110 (~) ~)(~..~8810118 (0.. 111~ 111813111311~01180111()111 ~0113~~ 0( ()1138~ (1.‬‬
‫‪111~ 111..~~-()1138~ 1111101..~~601131 ~0111..011~..111 ~1~. 6-7 811()()11~8 3 ~~~-~01111~~1~0‬‬
‫‪1030 ~1111 ~ = 2.5 11 3110 111~ 1111~-10-1111~111()111~0113~~ 18 208 ~, 60 1-12. 1( 111~ 0~81..~0‬‬
‫‪0111()111 ()0~~.. 18 ~0 = 12 /(~,‬‬ ‫~‪~31~11131~ 111~ (3) 0~13~ 311~1~, (1~ ())) ..11180111()111 ()1138‬‬
‫‪~0113~~, ~0~ 3110 (~) 111()111~0~~.. (3~10.., ~~.‬‬
‫~~‪..~8186‬‬

‫‪6-12.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111..~~-()1138~ 1111101..~~601131 ~0111..011~..111 ~1~. 6-7 811~~11~8 3 ~~~-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫~~‪..~8186‬‬
‫‪1030‬‬ ‫~ ‪~1111‬‬
‫~‪= 5 11 3110 111~ 1111~-10-1111~ 111()111~0113~~ 18 208 ~, 60 1-12. 111~ 0~13‬‬
‫‪311~1~ 18 (1 = 270/3.‬‬ ‫‪0~1~..111111~ 111~ (3) ..11180111()111 ()1138~ ~0113~~, ~0~ ())) 111~111()0~~..‬‬
‫(‪(3~10.., ~~~ 3110 (~) ~)(()..~8810118 (0.. 111~ 111813111311~01180111()111 ~0113~~ 0‬‬
‫‪~1138~ (1.‬‬
‫‪6-13.‬‬ ‫‪~~()~31 ~..00. 6-10 (0.. 111~ 111..~~-()1138~ 0101..~~601131 ~0111..011~.. 111~1~. 6-12.‬‬
‫‪6-14.‬‬ ‫‪~~()~31‬‬ ‫‪~..00.‬‬ ‫‪6-11‬‬ ‫‪(0.. 111~ 111..~~-()1138~ 0101..~~601131‬‬ ‫‪~0111..011~.. 111~1~. 6-12.‬‬
‫‪6-15.‬‬ ‫‪~~()~31‬‬ ‫‪~..00.‬‬ ‫‪6-12‬‬ ‫‪(0.. 111~ 111..~~-()1138~ 0101..~~601131‬‬ ‫‪~0111..011~.. 111~1~. 6-12.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪6-16.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111..~~-()1138~ 0101..~~601131‬‬ ‫‪~0111..011~..111 ~1~. 6-12 811()()11~8 3 ~~~-~01111~~1~01030‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‬ ‫=‬‫~‪5 11 3110 1. = 10 1111-1. 111~ 1111~-10-1111~ 111~111~0113~~ 18 208 ~, 60 1-12. 111‬‬
‫‪0~13~ 311~1~ 18 (1 = 70/2.‬‬ ‫‪~101 111~ 1111~~11 ~111 (0.. 111~ 6..81 ~~~1~ 3(1~.. 111~ ~0111..011~..‬‬
‫‪18 8~11~11~0 011.‬‬
‫‪6-17.‬‬ ‫‪~ 111..~~-()1138~ 3~ ~0113~~ ~0111..011~.. 811()()11~8 3 ~~~-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫~~‪..~8186‬‬ ‫‪1030 0( ~ = 5‬‬
‫~~‪11 3110 111~ 1111~-10-1111~ 111()111~0113‬‬ ‫‪18 ~5 = 208 ~ 31 60 1-12.‬‬ ‫‪~101111~ ()0~~..‬‬ ‫‪(3~10..,‬‬
‫‪~~,‬‬ ‫~‪3~311181111~ 0~13‬‬ ‫~~‪311~1~, (1, (0.. 111~ (3) 1131(-~3‬‬ ‫)))( ‪~0111..011~.. 111 ~1~. 6-7, 3110‬‬
‫‪(1111-~3~~ ~0111..011~.. 111~1~. 6-12.‬‬
‫‪6-18.‬‬ ‫‪~ 111..~~-()1138~ 0101..~~11011310~113-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111..011~..111 ~1~. 6-151138 3 ..~8186~~ 1030‬‬
‫= ‪0( ~ = 5 11. 1( 111~ 1111~-10-1111~ ~0113~~ 18 ~5‬‬
‫‪208 ~, 60 1-12 3110 111~ 0~13~ 311~1~ (1‬‬
‫‪= 70/3, 0~1~..111111~ 111~ (3) ..11180111()111 ()1138~ ~0113~~, ~0~ ())) ~)(()..~8810118 (0.. 1118131113-‬‬

‫‪178‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪11~0115 ~11((~1115 /0, /00, 3110 /00~ (~) ((115 011111111111135~~11((~111, /00, 3110 ((115 0111111111111‬‬
‫‪~11((~111, /0~ (()) 11111111110~~( 13~10(, ~~~ 3110 (~) ((115 ~11((~111 01111~(1510(5, /~.‬‬

‫‪6-19.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1(~1111 111 ~1~. 6-18 15 ~0111(011~0 35 3 5~11~11(0110115 1311 ~11311~~(.‬‬ ‫~(‪111~ 11(1(113‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫= ‪15 208 ...,, 60 1-12. 111~ 5~~01103(~ ~0113~~5 3(~ ~1‬‬
‫‪120..., 3110 ~2 = 88 ...,.‬‬
‫~‪...,, 0~1~((11111~ 111‬‬
‫‪11111~ 1030 (~5151311~~ 15 8. = 5 0 3110 111~ ((115 1030 ~0113~~ 15 180‬‬
‫‪(8) 0~13~ 311~1~5 01111~(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪11 3110 12~ (/)) ((115 ~11((~111 01111~(1510(5‬‬ ‫)~( ~‪1, 3110 12‬‬
‫‪((115 ~11((~111 01111~(1510(5 13 3110 14~ 3110‬‬ ‫))((‬ ‫‪11111111110~~( 13~10(, ~~.‬‬

‫‪6-20.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11111111‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~ 10 111~ 5111~1~-111135~/5111~1~-111135~~~~10~011~~(1~( 111~1~. 6-213 15 120‬‬

‫~‪...,, 60 1-12. 111~ 1030 (~5151311~~ 15 2.5 0 3110 1030 111011~1311~~ 15 1- = 40 (111-1. 111‬‬
‫‪270/4,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~‪1(~().11~11‬‬ ‫~~‪01 011111111 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪15 20‬‬ ‫‪1-12.‬‬ ‫~‪11111~ 0~13‬‬ ‫‪311~1~ 01111~(1510(5‬‬ ‫= ‪15 0.,,‬‬
‫~‪0~1~((11111‬‬ ‫)‪111~ (8‬‬ ‫~~~‪((115 011111111 ~0113‬‬ ‫~(‪(/)) ((115 ~11((~111 01 ~3~11111~(1510‬‬ ‫‪3110 (~) 11111111‬‬

‫(~~‪110‬‬ ‫‪13~10(,‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬

‫‪6-21.‬‬ ‫‪~~11~31 ~(00.‬‬ ‫‪6-20 111-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪0.‬‬

‫‪6-22.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪6-20,‬‬ ‫(~~‪11101111~ 110‬‬ ‫‪13~10( 3~311151111~ 0~13~ 311~1~, 0..‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪6-23.‬‬ ‫‪~~11~31 ~(00.‬‬ ‫(~‪6-20 10( 111~ 111(~~-111135~/5111~1~-111135~ ~~~10~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪111~1~. 6-233,‬‬ ‫= ‪1-‬‬
‫‪0.‬‬
‫‪6-24.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31 ~(00. 6-20 11111~ 0~13~ 311~1~53(~ ~~11~(31~0 0~ ~0(11113(111~3 ~05111~51~113131‬‬
‫‪5011(~~ 1(~().11~11~~~1111 3 51111150103151~113131 0111111111(~().11~11~~35 5110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪6~25.‬‬
‫‪6-25. ~0( ~(00.‬‬ ‫‪6-24,‬‬ ‫(~~‪11101111~ 111~111110‬‬ ‫‪13~10( 3~311151111~ 0~13~ 311~1~.‬‬

‫‪6-26. 111~ 5111~1~-111135~11111-~3~~ 3~ ~0113~~ ~0111(011~( 111~1~. 6-53 ~0111(015 111~ 110~~( 1(0(11‬‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫‪3208‬‬ ‫‪60-1-12 3~ 5011(~~ 11110 3 (~51511~~ 1030.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (113)(1(1111(110~51(~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪011111111110‬‬
‫‪(/)) (113)(1(1111(11‬‬
‫‪15 10 ~~.‬‬ ‫~(‪~31~11131~ 111~ (8) (113)(1(1111(11((115 ~11((~111 (31111~ 01111~(1510‬‬
‫‪3~~(3~~ ~11((~111 (31111~ 01111~(1510(~ 3110 (~) 111~ ~~3/( 111~(1510( ~0113~~.‬‬
‫‪6-27.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 111(~~-~1135~ 11111-~3~~ 3~ ~0113~~ ~0111(011~( 111 ~1~. 6-12 15 115~0 10 ~0111(01 111‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪6-28.‬‬
‫‪110~~( 1(0(11 3 2300‬‬

‫‪(31111~ 01111~(1510(5,‬‬
‫‪, 60-1-12 3~ 5011(~~ 11110 3 0~113-~01111~~1~0 (~51511~~ 1030.‬‬
‫‪(113)(1(1111(110~51(~0 011111111110~~( 15 100 /(~.‬‬
‫~~‪/ /0.1~(/)) (113)(1(1111(113~~(3‬‬
‫‪(~) 111~ 11~3~ ~3111~ 01111~(1510( ~0113~~, ~,,.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~31~11131~ 111~ (8) (113)(1(1111(11((115 ~11((~111‬‬
‫‪~11((~111 (31111~ 01111~(1510(5,‬‬

‫‪111~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 11111-~3~~ ~0111(011~( 111 ~1~. 6-63 ~0111(015 110~~( 10 3 8.1- 1030 3110‬‬
‫‪/,.,./0.1~3110‬‬

‫)‪111~ 5011(~~ ~0113~~ 15 208 ...,, 60 1-12. 111~ 1030 15 8. = 5 0 3110 1- = 10 (111-1. (8‬‬
‫‪0~1~((11111~ 111~ ((115 ~3111~ 011111(0 113((110111~ ~11((~111. (/)) 11 3 ~3113~110( 15 ~01111~~1~0‬‬
‫~‪3~(055111‬‬ ‫‪1030, ~31~11131~ 111~ ~3111~ 01 ~3~3~11311~~ 10 (~011~~ 111~1111(0113((110111~ ~11((~111‬‬
‫‪111111~ 1030 10 5%‬‬ ‫‪01111~ 1030 ~11((~111, 0. = 70/3.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪179‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪7‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪1010‬‬
‫‪(100‬‬
‫‪~~01~(11~01‬‬
‫‪1((105~0(111~(,‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪10 111(10)1100051(1(11‬‬
‫~~‪(1 ~(1(1(101~-~011(1‬‬
‫‪15 (1150 ~00~0‬‬
‫‪(1~~11~(111005,‬‬
‫‪0~ 500(~~.‬‬
‫~)(‪(15 (1 ()~-(0-‬‬
‫(~‪10 (10 (1~ 1((105~0(111‬‬
‫‪11 ~0010‬‬ ‫‪0~ 05~0‬‬
‫‪1115 (~~01(~0‬‬
‫~‬ ‫(~~~‪0~ ~110‬‬
‫‪~011~€,(€,.‬‬
‫‪~1111 (1 ~0011000051)1‬‬
‫‪10 51~~-00~0‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬
‫‪10 ~00~~(1‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪~00~~(15‬‬
‫(~~~‪~110‬‬
‫~~‪(1 ~1)(~0-~011(1‬‬
‫‪01(~~11)1‬‬
‫~‪~(10 0‬‬
‫~‪~(1(1(101‬‬
‫‪~00510~(~0‬‬
‫‪10(05‬‬
‫‪(1 0~ ~011(1~~ 500(~~.‬‬
‫‪((1110.‬‬
‫~~(‪0~ 500‬‬
‫~‪~(0111 0~ 10 0‬‬
‫~‪(15 0‬‬
‫‪1.-1~~ (1‬‬
‫~‪51~~-0‬‬
‫‪~110~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ ~10~1)1‬‬ ‫‪05~0‬‬ ‫‪~0( 1((1~1100‬‬ ‫‪111010( ~001(0110‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1(1~ (10101110011~5,‬‬
‫‪1(011~)1 ~(1(5, 111(1(10~ 1101515, ~0(~11~11(0~~5,‬‬ ‫‪(100 11110~ 11(101~(5.‬‬ ‫~‪111~)1 ~(0~10‬‬ ‫‪511100111‬‬
‫‪(1~~~1~((11100‬‬ ‫‪~001(01,‬‬ ‫‪111~11 ~~~1~1~0~)1,‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪~(151 0)10(11111~ (~5~005~.‬‬ ‫‪~110~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪~(10‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0~ 05~0‬‬ ‫~~‪10 (~~~0~((111‬‬ ‫~‪0((1~10‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0~ 111010(5‬‬ ‫‪10 (~10(0‬‬ ‫‪~0~(~)1‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~ 1010 111~ 50~~1)1,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~(‪(100 11115 ~~(110‬‬ ‫‪(~50115‬‬ ‫‪10 ~0~(~)1‬‬ ‫‪5(1~10~5‬‬ ‫‪~0( 1((105~0(1(11100‬‬ ‫‪5)151~1115 ~1111 ~(~~0~01‬‬
‫‪510~5.‬‬ ‫‪~110~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ (1150 05~0‬‬ ‫~~‪10 0~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(~~01(110(5.‬‬

‫‪111~ ~(10~1~1~ 0~ 0~~((11100 ~(10 0~ ~)(~1(110~0 0)1 ~1~. 7-1(1.‬‬ ‫‪~11~0 5~11~11 5~ 15‬‬
‫‪~105~0 ~0( (1 11111~(1, 111~ 10~01 ~011(1~~ 175 (1~~~(1(5 (1~(055 111~ 10(10. 1~ 111~ 5~11~11‬‬
‫‪(~111(1105 0~~ ~0( (1 11111~(2, 111~ ~011(1~~ (1~(055 111~ 10(10 15 2~(0.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~(1~~~0(1115 ~0‬‬

‫‪180‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪~~~~~00~~6~ ~1‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫_‪_11‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪51/-/‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-11--12‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~‪10.~ 01.11~1.11 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪10(10‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ (1150 50.0~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~. 7-10.‬‬ ‫(~~~‪10.~ ~0.0‬‬
‫(~~‪(1 (1) ~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪.1311, (2) ~0‬‬ ‫‪~05~)31,‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬
‫‪5~11~0.‬‬ ‫~‪~(10 0‬‬ ‫‪1111~1~111~01~0‬‬ ‫‪0)11.15105‬‬
‫‪010,‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬ ‫‪10(~~0-~01111111.11(11~0‬‬ ‫‪10.)1(1510(.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫‪~((1~11~(11‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫~~‪0.(1‬‬ ‫~‪(1 11011‬‬
‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪0(0‬‬ ‫~‪((10~10‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 0.5‬‬ ‫‪10 2 ~,‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫~~‪10( 10.~ 5(1~~ 01 51111~11~11)1 10.~ ~011(1‬‬
‫‪(1(~ 0~~1~~1~0.‬‬
‫‪0(0~5‬‬ ‫~‪0110.~5‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫(‪5~1111~0001.1~10‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬
‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫~~‪(1~~((1‬‬ ‫~~‪01.11~1.11 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪15 ~1~~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1‬‬
‫‪/1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫((‪.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫= ~‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪1 10‬‬
‫)( )‪1‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪= -1‬‬ ‫= ‪~5‬‬ ‫~(‪). 1 ~ = /‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫)‪(7-1‬‬

‫~‪~551.111110‬‬ ‫‪(1 10551~55‬‬ ‫‪~0.0~~~(,‬‬ ‫(~~‪10.~ 10~1.11 ~0‬‬ ‫(~~~‪10 10.~ ~0.0‬‬ ‫~‪15 10.~ 5(1111~ (15 10.‬‬

‫(~~‪01.11~1.11 ~0‬‬ ‫‪(100 15 ~1~~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1‬‬

‫‪/(,‬‬ ‫‪/(,1)2‬‬

‫‪~./ = -‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫~‪,.‬‬
‫‪---20( = ,,,‬‬ ‫)‪(7-3‬‬
‫‪10 1‬‬ ‫‪1)0/ 0( = -10 1‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬

‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫~~‪~11~~11‬‬ ‫~~‪10~1.11 (~5151(10‬‬ ‫‪5~~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)110.‬‬ ‫~~(‪501.1‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪~. /‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~5‬‬

‫=‬ ‫~‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‬ ‫)‪(7-4‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫(‪/‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫~‪/(~/‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪10.~(~10(~,‬‬
‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫‪01.11)1 ~)1~1~, /(, ~(10 0~ ~(1(1~01(0111010‬‬ ‫~‪1 0)1 ~(1()110‬‬ ‫(‪(1, 1, 0‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬
‫~‪10.~ 01.11~1.11~011(1~~ ~0 ~(10 0~ ~(1(1~0 1(0111 0 10 ~5 0)1 ~001(01110‬‬ ‫(~~‪/( (100 10.~ ~0‬‬
‫‪110~ ~(10 0~ ~001(011~0.‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪~0118((111(-1,.~()/,/~11~)1‬‬ ‫‪0/7~,.(1(/011.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫~‪~0.0~~10‬‬ ‫‪1(~()1.1~0~)1,‬‬ ‫~‪1 (0( ~0.0~~10‬‬

‫‪~~(100‬‬ ‫‪7),‬‬ ‫‪15 ~~~1‬‬ ‫‪~0051(101‬‬ ‫‪(100 10.~ 00-11111~,‬‬ ‫‪(1, 15 ~(1(1~0.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫‪~1010.‬‬ ‫~‪0110.‬‬ ‫~‪~1.115‬‬
‫‪15 ~(1(1~0‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫~~‪10.15 1)1‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪~001(01‬‬ ‫‪15 ~00~0‬‬ ‫‪(15 /7/,//8~-~/0(/1-~00/,//(1(/011‬‬ ‫)~~~(‬
‫‪~001(01.‬‬

‫‪58~. 7-2‬‬ ‫‪181‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪~(1,.1(10/~-/,.~~11-~11~)1 0/1~,.(1((011.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~00~~111‬‬ ‫‪1(~()11~11~)7, /, 18 ~30~0.‬‬ ‫(~‪~110‬‬

‫‪011-11(11~,‬‬ ‫‪(1, 0( 011-11(11~,‬‬ ‫‪(2, 18 ~~~1‬‬ ‫‪~011813111.‬‬ ‫‪1018‬‬ ‫‪18 ~311~0 /,.~~11-~11~)11110(/11-/(1(1011.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1(~()11~11~)7 038‬‬ ‫‪10 0~ ~3(1~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪3 ~10‬‬ ‫~~‪(311‬‬ ‫~~‪10 0013111 10~ 111110111~111 ~0113‬‬
‫‪(311~~.‬‬ ‫‪1018‬‬ ‫‪1)7~~ 01 ~0111(01 ~01110‬‬ ‫~‪~~11~(31‬‬ ‫~‪113((110111~8 311111~(~01~1301‬‬ ‫‪1(~()11~11~1~8‬‬
‫‪3110 10~ 1111~( 0~81~11 ~01110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 01111~1111.‬‬

‫‪~~3111))1~ 7-1‬‬

‫(~~~‪111~ 0~ ~110‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~. 7-1(111(18 (1 (~8186~~ 10(10 01 ~ = 100‬‬ ‫~~‪(100 111~ 10~111 ~011(1‬‬
‫‪18 ~$ = 220~.‬‬ ‫~ ‪~11~0 111~~110~~~( 8~11~/1 (~111(110800, 118...011(1~~0(0~ 18 1)0~ 2‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫=‬
‫‪(100 111~ ~110~~10~ 1(~()11~0~)118‬‬
‫~‪/ = 1 /(1-12. 11111~ (111)1~)1~1~18 50%, 0~1~(11110~ 111‬‬
‫)‪((1) (1...~((1~~ 0111~111 ~011(1~~, ~0~ (0) (1118 0111~111...011(1~~, ~0~ (~) ~110~~~( ~111~1~0~)1~ (0‬‬
‫‪~11~~6...~ 10~111 (~8181(10~~ 01111~ ~110~~~(, ~,~ (100 (~) (1118 ...(1111~01111~ 11100(1111~01(11‬‬
‫‪~0111~00~01‬‬ ‫‪01 0111~11111(1(1110111~~011(1~~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪801111100‬‬ ‫~‪~$ = 220 ~, /( = 0.5, ~ = 100, (100 1)0‬‬
‫‪= 2 ~.‬‬
‫)‪((1) ~(011113(). (7-1), ~0 = 0.5 )( (220 - 2‬‬
‫~ = ‪(0) ~(011113(). (7-2), ~0‬‬ ‫‪)( (220 - 2) 109~.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪= 154.15~.‬‬
‫(~~‪(~) 111~ 0111~111 ~0‬‬ ‫‪~(1110~ 1011110 1(0111‬‬
‫‪/,,‬‬ ‫‪/,,‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‬ ‫~ = ‪~ 01‬‬ ‫‪(~$ - 1)0~)2‬‬
‫(‪0 1 = /‬‬
‫‪(~$ - 1)0~)2‬‬
‫‪10 1‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪10 1‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬ ‫)‪(7-5‬‬
‫~‪)( (2201‬‬ ‫‪2)2‬‬
‫‪= 0.5‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 2376.2‬‬

‫(~~‪111~ 10~111 ~0‬‬ ‫(~~~‪10 111~ ~110‬‬ ‫‪~(10 0~ 1011110 1(0111‬‬

‫‪/,,‬‬ ‫‪/,,‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(~~~‪~110‬‬
‫~‬ ‫=‬
‫‪.10‬‬

‫‪= 0.5‬‬
‫‪~111~1~0~)118‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪~.$/10‬‬

‫()‪)( 220‬‬
‫‪10 1‬‬
‫‪220-2‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫)~‪~$(~$ - 1)0‬‬
‫~‬

‫~ ‪= 2398‬‬
‫(‪0 1 = /‬‬
‫)~‪~$(~$ - 1)0‬‬
‫~‬ ‫)‪(7-6‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪2376.2‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫~‪~, = 2398 = 99 09‬‬
‫‪(0) ~(011113(). (7-4), ~, = 10/0.5 = 200.‬‬
‫‪(~) 111~ 0111~111...011(1~~ (18 8/10~0111‬‬ ‫‪~1~. 7-10 ~(10 0~ ~)(~(~88~0111‬‬ ‫‪(1 ~011(1~( 8~(1~8‬‬
‫‪(18‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪11100(1111~111(11‬‬ ‫‪~0111~00~111‬‬ ‫(‪(10‬‬ ‫‪/1‬‬ ‫~~‪1) 010111~111...011(1‬‬ ‫‪11(1(1110111~ ~(111 0~ 0~1~(111111~0‬‬
‫=‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪1(0111 13(). (7-7‬‬ ‫‪(18‬‬

‫‪~$‬‬
‫)‪1)1(1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪(8111‬‬ ‫)‪2-../( ~08 2-../1 + (1 - ~08 2-../() 810 2-../1‬‬
‫‪-..‬‬
‫)‪(7-8‬‬
‫‪220 )( 2 .‬‬ ‫()‬
‫=‬ ‫‪8111 (2-..‬‬ ‫)‪10001‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪140.068111 (6283.21‬‬
‫‪-..‬‬
‫= ‪(100 118 (1118 ...(1111~18 ~1‬‬ ‫‪140.06/0‬‬ ‫‪= 99.04‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪/0/01~. 111~ ~111~1~11~)1~(11~111(16011, ~111~11111~1110~8 111~ ~00011~6011‬‬ ‫~‪1088 011/1‬‬ ‫‪~110~~~(,‬‬

‫~‪00~8 11011(1/(~ 1010 (1~~011111111~8~11~11111~1088 011~ 10 111(11-011(100 111(0-01101111‬‬ ‫‪~110~~~(.‬‬

‫‪182‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫~‪5‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪0,,,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~ ~110~~~.. ~1111 30 ~/..., 1030 18 8110~0 10 ~1~. 7-2.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~~..31100 01111~ ~110~~~..‬‬
‫‪~30 0~ 01~10~0 1010 1~0 0100~8.‬‬ ‫‪011..10~ 0100~ 1, 111~ ~110~~~.. 18 8~11~11~0 00 300‬‬
‫‪111~ ~11 ~01 110~8 1..001 111~ 811~~1)1 10 111~ 1030.‬‬ ‫‪011..10~ 0100~ 2, 111~ ~110~~~.. 18‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪8~11~11~0 011 300 111~ 1030 ~11 ~01 ~0011011~8 10 110~ 111..011~111..~~~11~~110~ 0100‬‬
‫‪1),,,.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~().111~31~01 ~1..~1111810.. 111~8~ 0100~8 3..~ 8110~0 10 ~1~. 7-33.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030‬‬
‫‪~11 ~01 300 0111~111 ~0113~~ ~3~~10..018 3..~ 8110~0 10 ~1~. 7-30.‬‬
‫‪111~ 1030 ~11 ~01 10.. 0100~ 1 ~30 0~ 101100 1..001‬‬

‫‪0-/1‬‬ ‫)‪(7-9‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~/1 + /...,‬‬ ‫~ ‪+‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪111~ 80111110001 ~().. (7-9) ~11111011131~11 ~01 /1(1 = 0) = /1 ~1~~8111~1030 ~11 ~01‬‬
‫‪38‬‬

‫)‪(7-10‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫=( ‪11118 0100~ 18 ~3110 0 $ 1 $ /1‬‬
‫‪0~~001~8‬‬
‫‪/(1)~ 300 31111~ ~00 0111118 0100~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030 ~11 ~01‬‬

‫)‪(7 -11‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪(..‬‬
‫‪1/.‬‬
‫‪~-.1-‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪,..‬‬
‫‪-1‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪0,,,‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬
‫~‪_~,.._~_(1-~),..-‬‬
‫~‬

‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪,..‬‬
‫‪~009 2‬‬
‫‪(8) ~~(.8~~8190.‬‬ ‫‪~(~~(.8~.5‬‬

‫‪183‬‬
‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪7-3‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(7-12‬‬

‫‪~110111111(11‬‬ ‫((‪~1.1((~11112‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪12 (1110 (~0~1111111‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 11(11~ 0(1~111 (1110‬‬ ‫~‪0~~11111111‬‬
‫~‪01 (1100‬‬ ‫~~ ‪2,‬‬ ‫~~‪0(1‬‬

‫)‪(7-13‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~ ‪1015 (1100~ 15 ~(1110 10( 0‬‬ ‫~ (‬ ‫‪(= (1‬‬
‫‪(2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪/()1).‬‬ ‫‪,4.1 10~ ~110 011015‬‬ ‫~‪(1100~, 10‬‬
‫‪10(10‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111‬‬ ‫‪0~~0(11~5‬‬

‫)‪(7 -14‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪,4.1 10~ ~110 01 (1100‬‬ ‫(~~~‪2, 10~ ~00‬‬ ‫‪15 11.1(11~0 011 (1~(1111 111 10~ 11~)(1‬‬
‫~‪~~~1‬‬ ‫‪(111~( 11(11~,‬‬
‫‪1 = 1/1 = () + (2.‬‬
‫(~‪0110‬‬ ‫~‪51~(10~-51(11‬‬ ‫‪~01101110115,‬‬ ‫)‪1‬‬
‫‪= 13.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~~(1~-10-~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪10(10 (1~~1‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111‬‬
‫‪~(1110~ 0~1~((11111~01(0(11~~5. (7-10), (7-11), (7-13), (1110(7-14).‬‬ ‫)‪~(0(11 ~~5. (7-10‬‬
‫~‪(1110(7-11), 12 15 ~1~~110‬‬

‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪- €‬‬ ‫)‪_ ~-/(18./1-‬‬

‫‪12 = 1) ~-/(18./1-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫)‪(7-15‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‪~(0(11 8~5. (7-13) (1110(7-14), 13 15 ~1~~110‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪~~(1~-10-~~(1‬‬ ‫‪(1~~1~ ~1.1((~11115‬‬

‫‪/11‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪12 -‬‬ ‫)‪1‬‬

‫)‪(7-16‬‬

‫‪~01~0‬‬ ‫(~‪(111‬‬ ‫‪51(11~1111~(1110115‬‬ ‫‪0~~0(11~5‬‬

‫‪_ ~-()-/()18./1-‬‬
‫‪~ 1 - ~-/(18./1-‬‬
‫‪/11‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~-18./1-‬‬
‫‪_ ~-18./1-‬‬ ‫)‪(7-17‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~0110111011‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪(11(1)(1(111.1(11 (1~~1~,‬‬

‫)‪(/(/11‬‬
‫(‪(//‬‬ ‫‪= 0‬‬ ‫)‪(7-18‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~1~~5 ~-/(18./1- -‬‬ ‫‪~-(1-/()18./1-‬‬
‫=‬ ‫(‪00‬‬ ‫(‪-/‬‬ ‫‪- /() 0( /( = 0.5.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪= -(1‬‬ ‫‪10~ (11(1)(1(111.1(11‬‬

‫(‪~~(1~-10-~~(1~ (1~~1~ ~1.1((~111((11/‬‬ ‫‪= 0.5) 15‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬ ‫~‬
‫= ~‪/11~3‬‬ ‫‪1(1110‬‬ ‫)‪(7-19‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪411.,‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~ ~ ‪411.,‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪1(1110 6‬‬
‫=‬ ‫~‪6 (1110 10~ (11(1)(1(111.1(11(1~~1‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 ~(111 0~ (1~~(0)(1(11(11~0‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫)‪(7-20‬‬

‫‪184‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪1-/0(~. ~().036005‬‬ ‫‪(7-9) 10 (7-20) 3(~ .,,3110 001~ 10( ~001100005‬‬ ‫‪~0(~01 110~.‬‬
‫‪~0( 3 13(~~ 011-11(0~, ~3(11~013(1~ 3110~ 1(~().0~0~~ 300 10~ 001~01 .,,0113~~, 111~ 1030‬‬
‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪(03~ 0~ 015~001100005.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030 ~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪~0010‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~00600005‬‬ ‫~ ~ ~ )‪11 1‬‬
‫‪1 0( 1-/ ~~~.‬‬ ‫‪10 ~35~ 01 015~001100005‬‬ ‫‪1030 ~0((~01,‬‬ ‫‪/1 = 0 300‬‬ ‫)‪~().. (7-10‬‬
‫‪0~~0(0~5‬‬
‫~ ‪115 -‬‬ ‫)‪_ ~-(8./1--‬‬
‫‪11(0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫~‬
‫~ ‪300 ~().. (7-13) 15.,,3110 10( 0‬‬
‫((‪( ~ (2 50~1111131 12‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪~)(301()1‬‬ ‫‪7-2‬‬

‫‪~ ~110~~~( 181~~0111~ 311 ~1- 1030 38 8110~11 111~1~. 7-2 ~11111/5 = 220 ~, ~ = 5 0, 1-‬‬
‫‪= 7.5011-1,/‬‬ ‫‪= 1/(1-12, 3110 ~ = 0~.‬‬ ‫‪~31~11131~ 111~ (3) 1111111011101111813111311~01181030‬‬
‫(‪~11(~111, /1~ (/)) ~~3/( 111813111311~01181030 ~11((~111, /2~ (~) 013)(10111111 ~~3/(-10-~~3/‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)~(‬ ‫‪(018‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111,‬‬ ‫~‪/0‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪(1~~1~ ~11((~111~ (0) 3.,,~(3~~ .,,3111~ 011030‬‬ ‫~‪~11((~111, /0‬‬
‫‪~11~~6.,,~ 111~111(~8181311~~ 8~~11 0~ 111~ 8011(~~, ~,~ 3110 (~) (1118 ~110~~~( ~11((~111, /,,.‬‬

‫‪801111100 1/5 = 220 ~, ~ = 5 0, 1- = 7.5 1111-1,‬‬ ‫‪~ = 0 ~, /( = 0.5, 3110/ = 1000‬‬

‫‪1-12. ~(0111~().. (7-15), /2 = 0.7165/1 + 12.4733110 1(0111~().. (7-16), /1 = 0.7165/2‬‬
‫‪+ 0.‬‬
‫‪(3) 501.,,111~ 111~8~ 1~0 ~().113110118 ~1~108 /1 = 18.37 ~.‬‬
‫‪(0) /2 = 25.63 ~.‬‬
‫‪(~) /1/ = /2 - /1 = 25.63 - 18.37 = 7.26~.‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 ~().. (7-19), /1/,,‬‬ ‫‪= 7.26‬‬
‫‪~ 3110 ~().. (7-20) ~1.,,~8111~3~~(0)(111131~1~.,,3111~,/1/,,‬‬ ‫‪= 7.33 ~.‬‬
‫‪(0) 111~ 3.,,~(3~~ 1030 ~11((~11118, 3~~(0)(10131~1~,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪1030‬‬
‫)~(‬ ‫~‪~881101111‬‬

‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬

‫‪/ 022‬‬
‫=‬

‫~‪11131111‬‬

‫‪~)(~(~88~0‬‬
‫‪/2 + /1‬‬

‫‪1030‬‬

‫‪38‬‬
‫=‬

‫‪~11((~111‬‬
‫‪25.63 + 18.37‬‬

‫~‪(18~81111~3(1‬‬
‫~ ‪= 22‬‬

‫‪1(0111 /110‬‬ ‫‪/2,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111813111311~0118‬‬

‫)‪(7-21‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫()‬
‫‪/5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪/(/0‬‬ ‫‪= 0.5‬‬ ‫~ ‪22 = 11‬‬

‫‪3110 111~111~111(~8181311~~,~, = 1///5 = 220/11 = 200.‬‬

‫‪(~) 111~ (1118~110~~~( ~11((~111~311 0~ 10111101(001‬‬

‫)‪(7-22‬‬

‫‪58~. 7-3‬‬ ‫‪185‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~))(‪~1(801‬‬ ‫‪7-3‬‬
‫~ ‪111~ ~110~~~( 1(1 ~1~. 7-2 11(1$(1 10(10 (~$1$1(1(1~~,‬‬
‫‪= 0.25 0, 1(1~111~011(1~~, ~, = 550‬‬
‫~ ‪~, (1(10 0(111~()1 ~011(1~~,‬‬
‫‪= 0~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (1~~((1~~ 10(10 ~11((~(11, /0 = 200~,‬‬ ‫~‪(1(10 ~110~~1(1‬‬
‫‪1(~~11~(1~)1, ./ = 250 1-1~. 0$~ 111.~ 3...~(3~~ 0111~111 ...01132~ 10 ~31~11131() 111.()1030 1(1-‬‬
‫‪011~1(1(1~~, ~, ~111~11 ~01110 1111111111~11131(111111111‬‬
‫‪10(10 (1~~1~ ~11((~(1110 10% 01/0.‬‬

‫‪80)111100‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪= 550 ~, ~ = 0.25 0, ~ = 0~, / = 2501-(2, .,. = 1// = 0.004 $, (1(10‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪/1/ = 200‬‬ ‫‪0.1 = 20~.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 3~~((1~~ 0111~111~011(1~~, ~0 = /(~5 = ~/0. 111~ ~011(1‬‬
‫‪(1~(0$$ 111~ 1(1011~10( 1$ ~1~~(1 0)1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫(~)()(‪~11.0‬‬
‫‪0()~(31101118‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(1(10 1111$ ~1~~$‬‬

‫~‪~311 0‬‬

‫‪~11((~111 (18~8 3110 ~11~(~)118‬‬

‫‪(2, 111.~ ~11~(~)1‬‬ ‫‪810(~0‬‬
‫‪111.~ 111011~10( ~11((~11113118.‬‬
‫(‪111~ 111011~10‬‬
‫(‪/‬‬

‫‪~11((~11118‬‬
‫‪= 0.5 (1(10‬‬
‫‪/1/ ~ = 20‬‬

‫‪810(~0‬‬
‫(‪111 111~ 111011~10‬‬

‫‪8110~11‬‬
‫()‬

‫~~‪11$~0 10 81~() 11() 3 0~ ...0113‬‬

‫‪811.0~11111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪7-43.‬‬ ‫‪~11~11‬‬
‫‪~ = 550(1‬‬

‫~‪$~11~11 8‬‬
‫‪111 111.~ 111011~10(.‬‬
‫‪18 1(31181~((~0‬‬
‫‪~8811111111~ 3 ~0111111110118 ~11((~111110~,‬‬
‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪7-40.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪0.5)0.5‬‬
‫()‬

‫(‪18 ~108~010‬‬

‫‪10 1030‬‬
‫‪0.004‬‬

‫‪3110 311 3((311~~111~111‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫)(‪81~()-11‬‬

‫(‪11111~ (1, 111.~ 111011~10‬‬
‫‪11111.~ 8~11~11. 1$ 0()~11~0‬‬
‫~‪111(011~11 0100‬‬
‫~‪10( 11111‬‬
‫‪1)1 3110‬‬
‫‪111~ ~3...~10(111‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬

‫‪~11~11‬‬ ‫(~)()(‪111~ ~11.0‬‬ ‫~~‪18 111(11~0 011, 111.~ ...0113‬‬ ‫‪3~(088‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 111011~10‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫‪0/‬‬
‫~)‪7‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1.,-‬‬
‫(‪0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫()‪3110 111.1$~1...~$ 111~ ()~3)(-10-()~3‬‬ ‫~‪(1()()1‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111111‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 111011~10‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬

‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪= -~51.,‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫)‪(7-23‬‬

‫~‪111.‬‬ ‫‪111813111311~0118‬‬ ‫‪0111()111‬‬ ‫~~‪...0113‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪7)0 = ~5‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1.,‬‬
‫~‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫)~ (‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪= ~5‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫(‪_ /‬‬ ‫)‪(7-24‬‬

‫~~(‪11 3 13‬‬ ‫‪~3()3~110(,‬‬ ‫‪~ ~, 18 ~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪3~(088‬‬ ‫‪111.~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪38 811.0~11 0)1 03811.~0‬‬ ‫‪1111~$‬‬

‫‪186‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪(..‬‬ ‫‪0,‬‬

‫~‪~~0~~6‬‬
‫‪~1~.‬‬
‫~‪1‬‬
‫~~‪(8) 5(6~-‬‬ ‫(‪8~~81196/11611‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~3111~ ~0.‬‬

‫(‪~0~0 /‬‬

‫‪3(~ 800~0‬‬
‫=‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~‪10 ~1~. 7-43, 10~ 0111~111~0113~~ ~1110~ ~00110110118 300110 ~01110 0~~0111~ 10~ 3~~(3‬‬
‫~‪~~ ~30 0011~~ 1(0111 ~~. (7-24) 103110~ ~0113~~ 3~(088 10~ 1030 ~30 0‬‬
‫‪81~~~~0 11~ 0~ ~3(~10~ 10~ 0111~ ~~~1~, /(, 300 10~ 11110111111111‬‬‫‪0111~111 ~0113~~ 18 ~5‬‬
‫‪0. 1-10~~~~(, 10~ ~00~~~( ~300010~ 8~11~0~0 00 ~001101101181~811~01031‬‬
‫~~(‪/( = 1. ~0( ~3111~8 01 /( 1~0010~ 10 11011~, 10~ 0111~111 ~0113~~ 0~~0111~8 ~~(~ 13‬‬
‫‪300 18 ~~(~ 8~08111~~ 10 ~030~~8 10 /(, 38 800~0 10 ~1~. 7-4~.‬‬
‫‪1018 ~(10~1~1~ ~30 0~ 3~~11~0 10 1(3081~( ~0~(~~ 1(0111 00~ ~0113~~ 8011(~~ 10‬‬
‫‪30010~( 38 800~0 10 ~1~. 7-53.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~~111~31~01 ~1(~1111810( 10~ 11100~8 010~~(31100‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~. 7-50 300 10~ ~11((~01 ~3~~10(1118 10 ~1~. 7-5~.‬‬
‫~‪~11((~01 10( 11100~ 118 ~1~~0 0‬‬
‫(‪10~ 10011~10‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(7-25‬‬

‫~(~‪~0‬‬ ‫(‪11 18 10~ 1011131 ~11((~0110‬‬ ‫‪11100~ 1.‬‬ ‫~‪1)11(10~ 11100~ 1, 10~ ~11((~011111181 (18‬‬
‫~(‪300 10~ 0~~~883‬‬ ‫‪~00011100,‬‬

‫‪~11‬‬ ‫)‪(7-26‬‬
‫~‪-‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬
‫(~‬

‫‪58~. 7-4‬‬ ‫‪187‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪~+‬‬ ‫‪,1‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪-.~.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪~~-‬‬ ‫~‪-11-~-12-‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪/(,..‬‬ ‫‪,..‬‬
‫‪~0~9 2‬‬
‫‪(~) ~~~~1/8(9.,10~~0~/15‬‬ ‫‪(0) ~~~~9.,11(,/81/910~~5‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫)‪(7-27‬‬

‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪12 15 1011131 (0((~01‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪1110()~ 2.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪3 51301‬‬ ‫‪5)151~111, 111~ (0((~01‬‬ ‫‪111051 1311‬‬
‫)(‪30‬‬ ‫‪111~ (00()11100‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫(‪0‬‬ ‫)‪(7-28‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫(‪11111~ (011()11100 01 ~(). (7-28) 15 001 5311511~(), 111~ 10()0(10‬‬ ‫~‪(0((~01 ~001() (001100‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪10 (15~ 30() 30 0051301~ 511031100 ~001() 0((0(.‬‬ ‫‪111~(~10(~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ (000111005 10( 11~(-‬‬
‫~(‪111155101~1101~011315 01111~ 1~0 ~0113~~5 3‬‬

‫)‪(7-29‬‬

‫‪~()0311011‬‬ ‫)‪(7-29‬‬ ‫‪1001(31~5‬‬ ‫~‪11131111‬‬ ‫~((‪500‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫~~‪~5 111051 0~ 1~55 11130 111~ ~0113‬‬
‫(~‪€ 1011~(111111(3051‬‬ ‫(~~‪01110‬‬ ‫)(~()‪1(0111 (11‬‬ ‫)~‪(0( ~3(1301‬‬ ‫~((‪500‬‬ ‫‪10 (11)(~0‬‬ ‫‪0( ~0113~~.‬‬
‫(‪10 ~1~(1(1‬‬ ‫~‪0(3/(10‬‬ ‫(‪01 0‬‬ ‫‪111010(5,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111010(5‬‬ ‫~‪011~(31‬‬ ‫(‪35 0‬‬ ‫‪~~0~(310(5,‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫(~‪(1101111~( 11~(111115 1(3051‬‬ ‫(~~‪01110‬‬ ‫(‪10 3 11)(~0 0‬‬ ‫~((‪500‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪3 (11~05131.‬‬

‫‪188‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫(‪5~1111~011011~10‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5 (~~111(~ 3 111111111111111‬‬

‫‪11111~ 10 111(11 011 3110 111(11 011.‬‬
‫‪111~(~10(~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0111~ ~~~1~,‬‬ ‫‪/(, ~311 0111~ 0~ ~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪3 111111111111111‬‬
‫~‪~3111‬‬

‫~‪/((111113110 3 1113)(111111111~3111~ /((113)(, 111~(~0‬‬ ‫‪1111111111~111~ 111111111111111‬‬

‫~‪3110 1113)(111111111~3111‬‬
‫‪01 0111~111 ~0113~~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪5~11~11111~ 1(~~11~11‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫(~~~‪~110‬‬ ‫‪15 3150‬‬ ‫‪1111111~0.‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫‪~01110 0~ 11011~~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 ~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(7-20‬‬ ‫‪11131111~ 1030‬‬ ‫~‪(1~~1‬‬ ‫~‪~11((~111 0~~~1105111~~(5~1‬‬ ‫‪011‬‬
‫~‪111~ ~110~~111‬‬ ‫‪1(~~11~11~~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪1(~~11~11‬‬ ‫~‪51101110 0‬‬ ‫~‪35 111~11 35 ~055101‬‬ ‫~~‪10 (~011‬‬
‫‪111~ 1030‬‬ ‫~‪(1~~1‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111 3110 10 111111111112~111~ 512~ 01 311~ 30011101131‬‬ ‫‪5~(1~5‬‬ ‫(‪111011~10‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪111 111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪111~ 0~ ~110~~~(5‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0~ 115~0 35 5~11~11111~-11100‬‬ ‫‪(~~111310(5‬‬ ‫‪10 ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪3 0~ ~0113~~,‬‬
‫‪110(111311~ 1111(~~11131~0,‬‬ ‫‪10 3 (~~11131~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0111~111 ~0113~~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~~11131101115‬‬ ‫~‪110(111311‬‬
‫‪3~111~~~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~1115~-~1011111100111311011‬‬ ‫~~‪31 3 11)(~0 1(~~11~11‬‬ ‫~~‪3110 111~ 5~11~11111~ 0~~1‬‬
‫(~~‪15 110(111311~ 3 ~0‬‬ ‫(‪13110‬‬ ‫‪~0$~~1.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~1~111~1115 015~11~11111~-11100‬‬ ‫‪(~~111310(5‬‬
‫‪3(~ 5110~11111 ~1~. 7-6.‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫~~‪~31111011‬‬ ‫~‪1(0111 ~1~. 7-1011131111‬‬ ‫~‪0111~111010‬‬ ‫‪~110~~~(5‬‬
‫~~‪~1111 (~51511‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪15 015~0111111110115 3110 ~011131115 113(1110111~5.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (1~~1‬‬ ‫‪~0111~11115‬‬
‫‪110(111311~ (~011~~0‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 311 1-‬‬ ‫‪1111~(.‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫~‪$~11~11111‬‬ ‫‪(~~111310(5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫~‪~0111111~(~1311‬‬ ‫~‪3~311301‬‬ ‫‪35 1111~~(31~0‬‬ ‫‪~1(~11115.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬

‫(~‪0~51~11‬‬ ‫~~‪~311 5~1~~1 111~ 5~11~11111~ 1(~~11~11‬‬ ‫~‪0~ ~11005111‬‬ ‫~ ‪111~ ~3111~5 01‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~ 01‬‬
‫~~‪1(~~11~11‬‬ ‫‪05~111310(.‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪3 (111~ 01111111110,‬‬ ‫‪10 1113)(111112~ ~111~1~11~~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111111111111111‬‬
‫(‪05~111310‬‬ ‫‪~~(100‬‬ ‫~‪51101110 0‬‬ ‫‪300111‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫(~~‪11111~5 1011‬‬ ‫(‪111311 111~ 1(31151510‬‬ ‫~‪5~11~11111‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪11111~~ 10( ~)(3111~1~,‬‬ ‫(‪113 1(31151510‬‬ ‫‪1135 3 5~11~11111~ 11111~ 010.5‬‬ ‫(‪(..1-5,111~ 05~111310‬‬ ‫‪~~(100‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~01110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 50‬‬ ‫‪(..1-5,~111~11 ~1~~5‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 1113)(11111111105~111310‬‬ ‫~~‪1(~~11~11‬‬ ‫‪01 20‬‬ ‫‪/(1-12.‬‬ ‫‪11115‬‬
‫‪15 011~ 10 111~ 5~11~11111~ 1055 111111~ 1(31151510(.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 1(31151510‬‬ ‫‪5~11~11111~ 1055 111~(~35~5‬‬
‫~‪~1111111‬‬ ‫~~‪5~11~11111~ 1(~~11~11‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~ ~111~1~11~~ 0~~(~35~5.‬‬ ‫‪111 300111011,‬‬ ‫~(‪111~ ~0‬‬
‫‪1055‬‬ ‫‪01 111011~10(5‬‬ ‫~~‪11111115 111~ 111~11-1(~~11~11‬‬ ‫‪0~~(311011.‬‬ ‫~(~‪111‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫~‪1011( 0351‬‬ ‫‪10-‬‬
‫‪~010~1~5‬‬ ‫~‪01 5~11~11111~ (~~111310(5‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪1311~/( (~~111310(5‬‬

‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪130051‬‬ ‫‪(~~111310(5‬‬

‫‪189‬‬
‫‪58~. 7-6‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪3. 1311~/(-00081 ..~~111310..8‬‬
‫‪4. ~11/( ..~~111310..8‬‬

‫‪10 3 1311~/( ..~~111310.., 111~ 3~~..3~~ 0111~111~0113~~ ~~, 18 1~88 11130 111~ 10~111 ~0113~~,‬‬
‫~~‪~5-11~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 03(0~ ..011~/(,,, 3 ~~..)1 ~0~1113.. ..~~111310... 111~ ~1..~1111013~..3(0 0~ 3‬‬
‫‪011~/( ..~~111310.. 11810~ 3 ~0~~.. 131118 8110~0 10 ~1~. 7-73, 300 1111818 11/(~ 3 81~~-‬‬
‫‪00~0‬‬ ‫‪~110~~~...‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1..~11110~~..31100‬‬ ‫‪~30 0~ 01~10~0‬‬ ‫‪1010 1~0 (000~8.‬‬ ‫~‪~00‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0~~108 ~11~0 1..3081810.. ~1 18 8~11~11~0 00 31 / = 0. 111~ 10~111~11 ~01, ~111~11..18~8,‬‬
‫‪00~8 111..011~111111~.. 10011~10.. 1., 1111~.. ~3~3~110.. ~, 300 1030 ..~81810..~.‬‬ ‫~‪~00‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0~~108 ~11~0 1..3081810.. ~1 18 8~11~11~0 0~1 31/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪/1.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1..~~~11~~110~ 0100~ 0,.,‬‬
‫‪~00011~18‬‬ ‫‪011~ 10 ~0~..~)1‬‬ ‫‪810..~0‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 10011~10..‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10011~10..‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬ ‫‪~01 ~0011011~8‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪10 00‬‬ ‫‪111..011~111.,‬‬ ‫‪~, 1030,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪0,,,.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10011~10..‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬ ‫‪~01 ~3115001111..3081810..‬‬
‫‪~1 18 8~11~11~0 00 3~310 10 111~ 0~)(1‬‬ ‫‪~)1~1~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~~111~31~01‬‬ ‫‪~1..~11118 ~0.. 111~ (000~8‬‬
‫‪0~ 0~~..311011‬‬ ‫‪3..~ 8110~1110‬‬ ‫‪~1~. 7-70.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~3~~~0..(08‬‬ ‫‪~0.. 111~ ~0113~~8‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~11 ~1118‬‬
‫‪3..~ 8110~0111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪7-7‬‬ ‫‪~0.. 3 ~0111111110118 ~11‬‬ ‫~‪~11100‬‬ ‫‪111111~ 111011~10.. 1..‬‬ ‫~‪0~~~110111‬‬
‫~‪011 111~ 8~11~1110‬‬ ‫‪~..~~11~11~)1, 1111~..111011~130~~,‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~3~3~1130~~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111011~10.. ~11‬‬ ‫‪~111‬‬
‫‪~01110 0~ 018~00110110118.‬‬
‫~~‪111~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪3~..088‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111011~10..,‬‬ ‫‪1.,‬‬ ‫‪18, 10 ~~11~..31,‬‬

‫‪0..‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~5 -‬‬ ‫‪~~=1.‬‬
‫‪12 - 11‬‬
‫‪/1‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬
‫‪/11‬‬
‫‪/1‬‬
‫)‪(7-30‬‬

‫‪/11 1.‬‬
‫‪/1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(7-31‬‬
‫‪~5 -‬‬

‫)‪(7-32‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪/111.‬‬
‫‪/2‬‬ ‫‪= -‬‬ ‫)‪(7-33‬‬
‫~~‬
‫~‪~11~..‬‬ ‫(‪/1118 111~ ~~3/(-10-~~3/‬‬ ‫‪..1~~1~ ~11‬‬ ‫‪~111 01111~ 111011~10.., 1..‬‬ ‫~‪~~1131111‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~3111‬‬
‫‪01 /11111 ~~8. (7-30) 300 (7-32) ~1~~8‬‬

‫‪(~5 -‬‬ ‫‪~~)/1‬‬ ‫‪~~/2‬‬

‫= ‪/11‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬

‫‪190‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~.. ~.‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫‪0,,,‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫~‪=1‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪0,,,‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~,..‬‬ ‫‪,..‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~009 2‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪(~) ~~~~.,,8~90. ~~~~~..5‬‬

‫‪58~. 7-6‬‬ ‫‪191‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(7-34‬‬
‫‪~5511111111~ (110551~55‬‬ ‫(‪1((11151510‬‬ ‫‪5~11~11,‬‬ ‫‪~515‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪~(11(1‬‬ ‫‪/(~51(1‬‬ ‫~~‪(1110 111~ (1~~((1‬‬ ‫‪111~111‬‬
‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬

‫‪15 = /(1,,‬‬ ‫)‪(7-35‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪5~11~0111~ ~~(100‬‬ ‫‪1 ~311 0~ ~)(~(~55~0‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪/11 1--‬‬ ‫‪/11‬‬
‫= ‪1 = - = 11 + 12‬‬ ‫= ‪+ - 1--‬‬ ‫‪/11 1--~5‬‬ ‫)‪(7-36‬‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪~5 - ~0‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫)‪~0(~5 - ~0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(7-37‬‬

‫)‪(7-38‬‬

‫~~ ‪11‬‬ ‫~‪35511111~ 1031111‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫~‪(1~~1‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111,‬‬ ‫‪/1/0,‬‬ ‫‪15 ~~()1 5111311 3110 11~~11~101~,‬‬ ‫= ‪/1/1-‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪/1/00‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪(1~~((1‬‬ ‫(‪~3~3~110‬‬

‫‪~3~(1~110( ~0113~~ 15 ~)(~(~55~0‬‬

‫‪~11((~111,‬‬

‫‪35‬‬
‫‪~01~0‬‬

‫= ‪10‬‬
‫‪110~5‬‬

‫‪/11‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪10( 11/2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪12/2‬‬ ‫‪= 1/2, 15‬‬

‫~)‪1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪/~ 0.1 + 1)0 (1‬‬ ‫)‪= 0‬‬

‫‪~1‬‬
‫~‪3110 111~~~3~-10-~~3‬‬ ‫‪(1~~1~ ~0113~~ 0110~ ~(1~3~110( 15‬‬

‫‪1 (1/2 /11‬‬ ‫‪/11 1‬‬ ‫‪/11‬‬

‫~~‪/1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪= 0) = ~)0‬‬ ‫= ‪40.1‬‬ ‫)‪(7-39‬‬
‫~‪8~ = 8/‬‬
‫~)‪1‬‬ ‫~)‪1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪51105111111111~ 111~ ~3111~ 01 /111(0111‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬ ‫)‪(7-37‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫)‪(7-38‬‬ ‫‪111 ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(7-39‬‬ ‫‪)11~105‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~0(~5‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪~0‬‬

‫~ ~ ‪/1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(7-40‬‬
‫‪81--~/2~5‬‬

‫)‪(7-41‬‬

‫‪192‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~111~1~0~)1.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪01/ 01 0110‬‬ ‫‪1030 ~0((~0115‬‬ ‫(‪11(011~0 0)11000~10‬‬ ‫‪1.,.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪10~01 ~0((~01 15 015~001100005‬‬ ‫‪3110 3 5(0001010~ 10~011111~( 15 00((0311)1 (~~01(~0.‬‬
‫‪11 ~(0~10~5 00~ ~013(11)1 01 001~01 ~0113~~ 300 00101(~~110031 001~01 ~0((~01.‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫‪(~~01(~5 3 ~(01~~11011 ~1(~011 10 ~35~ 01 ~055101~ 500(1 ~1(~011 0110~ 0100~ ~310.‬‬

‫‪~)(301()1~ 7-4‬‬
‫‪-..,,. 10~ 1~()1111~0‬‬
‫‪10~ 011~)( (~~111310( 111~1~. 7-73 035 311 111))01~0113~~ 011/5 = 12‬‬
‫‪-..,,‬‬ ‫‪3110 10~ ))~3)(-10-))~3)( 0111))111~0113~~ 15 20 01-..,,.‬‬
‫‪3~~13~~ 0111))111~0113~~ 15 1/0 = 5‬‬
‫‪10~ 5~11~0111~11~()0~11~~15 25 )(112. 1110~ ))~3)(-10-))~3)( (1))))1~ ~1111~11101111011~10115‬‬
‫)~( ‪110111~010 0.8 ,6., 0~1~1111111~10~ (3) 0111~ ~~~1~, /(~ (0) 1111~1111011~1311~~,/...,~3110‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1111~1~3))3~1101, ~.‬‬
‫‪5-..,,.‬‬
‫‪801..-1100 1/5 = 12 -..,,, ~1/~ = 20111-..,,, ~1 = 0.8,6.,,‬‬ ‫= ‪= 25 )(112, 3110 1/0‬‬
‫= ~‪(3) ~1001 ~(). (7-34), 1/‬‬ ‫~‪/(1/‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫(‪/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1/)1/,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪5/12‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪0.4167.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~1001 ~(). (7-37),‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪5(12 - 5‬‬
‫= ‪/...,‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪145.84 ~11‬‬
‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪25,000‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪(~) ~(001 ~(). (7-39),‬‬

‫= ~‬ ‫‪)( 20 )( ~~~3 )( 25,000‬‬ ‫~~ ‪= 200‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪7-6.2‬‬ ‫‪80051‬‬ ‫‪~99~~810..5‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪111 3 00051 (~~01310(, 10~ 001~01 ~0113~~ 15 ~(~31~( 10311 10~ 111~01 ~0113~~-‬‬ ‫~~‪0~0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫‪10~ 113(0~ --00051.,,‬‬
‫‪7-83,3110101515‬‬
‫‪11110 1~0 (000~5.‬‬
‫‪111~01 ~0((~111,‬‬
‫~‪~00‬‬
‫‪~ 00051 (~~01310( 05111~ 3 ~0~~( ~05~~115‬‬
‫‪51(0113( 10 3 51~~-0~ ~00~~~(.‬‬

‫‪~01~0‬‬
‫‪1 0~~1115 ~0~11 1(31151510( (21 15 5~11~0~0‬‬
‫‪(15~5,‬‬ ‫‪110~5‬‬
‫‪0~~1115 ~0~11 1(31151510( (21 15 5~11~0~0 01131‬‬
‫‪10(00~0‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1(31151510( ~0010 00~ 110~ 10(00~0‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪10(00~0‬‬
‫‪500~0 111~1~.‬‬
‫‪10~ ~1(~0110~~(311011 ~30 0~ 01~10~0‬‬
‫‪011 31‬‬
‫(‪11100~10‬‬
‫(‬
‫~‪= 0. 10‬‬

‫~‪= (1. 10~ ~0((~111 ~01~0 ~35 110~10‬‬

‫‪1.,, ~, 1030, 3110 0100~ 1),,,.‬‬
‫(‪1., 3110 1(31151510‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪(21.‬‬ ‫~‪~00‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫~‪11100~10( ~0((~11113115 0111111(31151510( (21 15 10(11~0 011 3~3111 11110~ 11~)(1 ~)1~1~. 10‬‬
‫‪~11~1~)1 510(~0 1111000~10( 1., 15 1(31151~((~0 10 10~ 1030.‬‬ ‫(‪10~ ~~01,,,31~111 ~1(~0115 10‬‬
‫‪10~ (000~5 01 0~~(311011 3(~ 500~11 111~1~. 7-80.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~3~~10((05‬‬ ‫‪10( ,,,0113~~5 3110‬‬
‫‪~0((~1115 3(~ 500~0 111~1~. 7-8~ 10( ~0111100005 1030 ~0((~111.‬‬
‫~‪~550(010‬‬ ‫‪103110~ 11100~10( ~0((~111 (15~5 110~3(1)11(0(0 11 10 12 11111(0~ (1,‬‬

‫)‪(7-42‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪/).1 1.,‬‬
‫)‪(7-43‬‬
‫‪1/.,‬‬

‫(‪3110 10~ 1000~10‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111‬‬ ‫‪13115 1111~3(1)11(0(0‬‬ ‫‪12 10 11 111 11(0~ (2,‬‬

‫)‪(7 -44‬‬

‫‪56~. 7-6‬‬ ‫‪193‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪... ,.‬‬ ‫~‪.~. ,‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬ ‫‪0....‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪.0. ,0‬‬ ‫‪.0. ,.‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~~0‬‬ ‫‪~~0.~.‬‬

‫‪(3‬‬

‫)‪(8‬‬ ‫~‪~1,~0.‬‬
‫~‪9.89,8‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪- ---‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~$,....‬‬
‫‪,2‬‬

‫‪~.,‬‬
‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪,1‬‬

‫‪~~.~.‬‬
‫‪-.‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪.0‬‬
‫‪,2-,.‬‬ ‫‪----‬‬
‫‪+1 ~.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫~‪....‬‬
‫‪~0081‬‬
‫‪0....‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~~~,.‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪-/-‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪_ -=--/1.~0-‬‬
‫‪~,‬‬
‫‪---‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~.1‬‬ ‫‪.0‬‬
‫‪~+‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~~.‬‬
‫‪~~~~1‬‬
‫‪.1‬‬ ‫‪(0‬‬
‫‪~,‬‬
‫‪,.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~0082‬‬
‫‪(~) -=~0.~818.,~ ~.~~0.(5‬‬ ‫‪(~) 11/8~810,~5‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪...1~0..~7.8‬‬ ‫‪130051 (~8013(0(.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0..‬‬

‫‪~11-‬‬
‫‪(2‬‬
‫‪= 11‬‬ ‫‪11.‬‬
‫)‪(7-45‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫~‪~11~..‬‬ ‫‪~115‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ()~11/(-10-()~11/‬‬ ‫‪..1()()1~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪~111 0111100~10..‬‬ ‫‪1-.‬‬ ‫‪~..0111 ~~5.‬‬ ‫)‪(7-42‬‬ ‫‪11110‬‬
‫‪(7-44),‬‬

‫‪194‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪$110811111110‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪= /(1 (100 (2 = (1 - /()1 ~1~108 111~(1~~((1~~ 0111.,111~011(1~~,‬‬
‫‪~$‬‬
‫= ‪~,,‬‬ ‫)‪(7-46‬‬
‫(‪1 - /‬‬
‫‪/() (100 111~ (1~~((1~~ 10.,111‬‬
‫‪~88110110~ (1 10881~88 1((1081810(, ~$/$ = ~,,/,,‬‬ ‫‪= ~$/,,/(1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~11((~01 18‬‬

‫)‪(7-47‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪111~ 8~11~1110‬‬
‫‪.,~(100 1 ~(100~ 1011001(001‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫= ‪=-‬‬ ‫‪(1 + (2‬‬ ‫‪= -6./1, +‬‬ ‫‪6./1,‬‬ ‫)‪(7-48‬‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪~$~,,‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~$‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(100 11118 ~1~~8‬‬ ‫~‪111~ .,~(1~-10-.,~(1‬‬ ‫~‪(1.,.,1‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01,‬‬

‫)‪~$(~,, - ~$‬‬
‫= ‪6./‬‬ ‫)‪(7-49‬‬
‫‪//..,~,,‬‬

‫)‪(7-50‬‬

‫(‬ ‫‪(1.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬

‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 1((1081810‬‬ ‫‪18 00,‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~(1.,(1~110( 811.,.,11~8 111~ 10(10 ~11((~0110‬‬ ‫=‬
‫~~‪(1~~((1‬‬ ‫(‪~(1.,(1~110‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫~‪18 /‬‬ ‫~‪/,, (100 111~ .,~(1~-10-.,~(1‬‬ ‫~‪(1.,.,1‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪01 111‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(‪~(1.,(1~110‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫)‪(7-51‬‬

‫)‪(7-52‬‬

‫)‪(7-53‬‬

‫‪(1 1((10810(01~(.‬‬ ‫~‪011‬‬

‫‪~ 00081 (~~111(110( ~(10 81~., 11., 111~ 0111.,111 ~011(1~~ ~11110111‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪10 810~1~ 1((1081810(,‬‬ ‫‪1111(18 111~11 ~111~1~0~~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10.,111 ~11((~0115‬‬ ‫‪~00110110118.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~-‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~~~(,‬‬ ‫~‪(1 111~11 .,~(1‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫~‪11(18 10 110‬‬ ‫~‪111(011~11111‬‬ ‫(~~‪.,0‬‬ ‫‪1((1081810(.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0111.,111‬‬
‫‪/( (100 11 011~111 0~ 01111~1111 10‬‬
‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫~(~~ ‪18‬‬ ‫~~‪8~08111‬‬ ‫‪10 ~11(10~~8‬‬ ‫~‪10 111~ 0111~ ~~~1‬‬
‫~‪81(101112‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~~111(110(.‬‬ ‫~~‪$10‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 1((1081810‬‬ ‫‪18 10 8111101 ~1111 111~ 10(10‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111, 11‬‬
‫~‪011~111 (1180 0‬‬ ‫‪01111~1111 10 .,(01~~1‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0111.,111 ~1(~1111 10 ~(18~ 01 8110(1 ~1(~1111.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪(1 1(1~10( 01‬‬
‫~~‪(1~~((1‬‬ ‫‪0111.,111 ~11((~01‬‬ ‫(‪18 1~88 111(10 111~ (1~~((1~~ 10011~10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪/(), (100 (1 0111~11111~11~( (018 ~11((~01 ~01110 110~ 111(011~11111~ 1111~( ~(1.,(1~110(,‬‬
‫(~~(‪(~8111110~ 10 111~ 118~ 01 (1 1(1‬‬ ‫(‪1111~( ~(1.,(1~110‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫(~~(‪(1 1(1‬‬ ‫(‪10011~10‬‬ ‫‪111(10 11108~ 01‬‬
‫‪(1 011~~ (~~111(110(.‬‬

‫‪195‬‬
‫‪58~. 7-6‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~,.3111~1~ 7-5‬‬

‫‪~ 011~)( (~~111~10( 111~1~. 7-8~ 11~5 ~11111~111 ,,,011~~~ 01175‬‬

‫‪= 5~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~,,,~(~~~ 0111~111‬‬
‫‪,,,011~~~, ~. = 15 ~ ~110 111~ ~,,,~(~~~ 10~0 ~11((~111, /. = 0.5~.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 5~11~11111~1(~().11~11‬‬
‫~ ‪1525 )(1-12. 11‬‬ ‫=‬
‫)‪150 /.11-1 ~110 ~ = 220 /.1~, 0~1~((11111~ 111~ (~) 0111~ (~(1~. /(~ (0‬‬
‫~~~‪(1~~1~ ~11((~111 01111011~10(, /1/~ (~) ~~~)( ~11((~111 01111011~10(, /2~ ~110 (0) (1~~1~ ,,,011‬‬
‫‪011111~( ~~~~~110(, 17~.‬‬

‫‪80101100‬‬ ‫‪~5 = 5 ~, 17. = 15~,‬‬ ‫=‪1‬‬ ‫‪25 )(1-12, ~ = 150 /.11-1,~110 ~ = 220 /.1~.‬‬
‫)(‪(~) ~(0(11 ~().. (7-46), 15 = 5/(1 - /‬‬ ‫(‪0( /‬‬
‫‪= 2/3 = 0.6667 = 66.67%.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(0) ~(0(11 ~().. (7-49),‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪(15‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪5‬‬
‫= ~‪/1‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪)( 10-6‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫~ ‪= 0 .89‬‬
‫‪25,000‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪(~) ~(0(11 ~().. (7-47), /5 = 0.5/(1‬‬
‫)‪- 0.667‬‬ ‫‪= 1.5 ~ ~110 ~~~)( 11100~101 ~11((~111,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪/1/‬‬ ‫‪0.89‬‬
‫‪/ 2 = /5 +‬‬ ‫‪1.5 +‬‬
‫= ‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 1.945‬‬

‫‪(0) ~(0(11 ~().. (7-53),‬‬

‫‪0.5 )( 0.6667‬‬
‫= ‪/1~0‬‬
‫() ‪2,5000‬‬ ‫()‪220‬‬ ‫‪10 - 6‬‬ ‫~‪= 60.61 (11‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪011~)( - 00051‬‬ ‫‪(~~111(110( 11(0,,,10~5‬‬ ‫‪(111 011111111 ,,,011(1~~ ~01~0‬‬ ‫~‪(11(1)1 0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(~‪~(~(11‬‬

‫(‪01(110‬‬
‫~~‪111(11110~ 11111111,,,011(1~~-0~11‬‬
‫~‪1101(1(11)1 15 011110511~ 10 10(11 0110‬‬
‫(‪(111 1/11/~,(1/1/5 0, 1/)/0(1~/‬‬
‫‪15 5110~11‬‬
‫‪111~ ~1(~011‬‬
‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪,~/5/1/(1(0,.‬‬
‫‪7-9(1.‬‬
‫~‪10~ 11(1(11~ ..011~)(-00051,,‬‬

‫‪011~((111011 ~(111 0~ 01,,,10~0‬‬

‫‪11111111,,,011(1~~.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪1015‬‬
‫‪~1(~1111 (1(((111~~(11~111 01 (1 00~)(-00051‬‬

‫‪11110 1~0‬‬ ‫‪(1100~5.‬‬ ‫~‪00(111‬‬

‫(‪1~55 10(111 0‬‬
‫~~‪10~ 01111101 ,,,011(1‬‬
‫‪(~~111(110( 15 (1150 )(110~11 (15‬‬

‫~‪(1100‬‬
‫_~~(‬

‫‪1, 1((111-‬‬
‫(‪51510‬‬ ‫‪()1 15 10(11~0‬‬ ‫~‪011 (1110 0100‬‬ ‫‪1),,, 15 (~,,,~(5~0‬‬ ‫‪01(15~0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11111111~0((~111,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11‬‬
‫‪(15~5,‬‬ ‫‪110~5‬‬ ‫(‪111(00~1111100~10‬‬ ‫‪1- (1110 1((11151510( ()1.‬‬ ‫~‪011(111~ (1100‬‬ ‫(‪2, 1(31151510‬‬ ‫‪()1‬‬
‫‪15 5~11~11~0‬‬ ‫(‪011 (1110 111~ ~11((~111, ~111~0 ~(15 110~111~ 111(00~011100~10‬‬ ‫‪1-, ~01110‬‬ ‫~‪110‬‬
‫~‪110‬‬ ‫‪111(00~111-,‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪1),,,,‬‬ ‫‪(1110 111~ 10(10.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~11~(~)1 510(~0‬‬ ‫(‪111 11100~10‬‬
‫‪1- ~0010‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪1((11151~((~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 10‬‬ ‫‪10(10‬‬ ‫(‪3110 111~ 111011~10‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111‬‬ ‫‪~01110‬‬
‫(‪1311 11111111(31151510‬‬ ‫))(‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫‪5~11~11~0‬‬ ‫‪011 (1~3111 111 111~ 11~)(1 ~)1~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~(‪~()111,,,31~111 ~1(~0115 10( 111~ (1100~5 3‬‬
‫‪5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪7-90.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~3,,,~10((115‬‬ ‫~‪10( 51~(0)1-51(11‬‬ ‫‪,,,0113~~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~11((~1115‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪00~)(-00051‬‬ ‫(‪(~~01310‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪7-9‬‬ ‫‪10( ~01111110005‬‬ ‫‪10(10 ~0((~111.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪~550(11111‬‬ ‫(‪11131 111~ 11100~10‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111‬‬ ‫‪(15~5 1111~3(1)11(0(11‬‬

‫‪11 10 12 111 11(11~ (1,‬‬

‫)‪(7-54‬‬

‫)‪(7-55‬‬

‫‪196‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪+‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~,..‬‬ ‫‪,..‬‬

‫‪-~5‬‬ ‫‪- - - --‬‬

‫‪~~-‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪- - -‬‬

‫‪~~~~,..‬‬
‫‪,..‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪~2 - - -‬‬ ‫‪- -‬‬
‫‪- - - -‬‬
‫‪~1 --‬‬ ‫‪---‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~,..‬‬ ‫‪,..‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪~2- ~.‬‬
‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪- -‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫‪1‬‬

‫‪~0~91‬‬
‫‪0,,,‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪,..‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~0~9 2‬‬
‫‪(0) ~~~~~8~90( ~~~~~1(5‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪6./‬‬
‫‪1/,, = -1--‬‬ ‫)‪(7-56‬‬
‫‪(2‬‬
‫(‪0‬‬
‫‪6./ 1-‬‬
‫‪(2‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪1/,,‬‬
‫)‪(7-57‬‬

‫‪197‬‬
‫‪58~. 7-6‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪~11~..~ /1115 111~ .,~(1~-10-.,~(1‬‬ ‫‪..1.,.,1~ ~11 ~01 0110011~10..‬‬ ‫‪1-.‬‬ ‫‪~..0111 ~~5.‬‬ ‫)‪(7-54‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬
‫‪(7-56),‬‬

‫~‪5110511111110‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪/(7‬‬ ‫‪(100 (2‬‬

‫‪= (1 - /() 7, 111~(1~~..(1~~0111.,111~011(1~~ 15‬‬
‫(‪_ 115/‬‬
‫‪11,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(7-58‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫(‪1 - /‬‬
‫~‪~551111110‬‬ ‫‪(1 10551~55‬‬ ‫‪~1..~1111, 11/5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪11,,1,,‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪1151,,/(/(1‬‬ ‫‪/() (100‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ (1~~..(1‬‬ ‫‪10()111‬‬
‫‪~11‬‬ ‫‪~01,‬‬ ‫‪15, 15 ..~1(11~0‬‬ ‫~~‪10 111~ (1~~..(1‬‬ ‫‪0111()111 ~11‬‬ ‫‪~01,‬‬ ‫‪1,,,‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(7-59‬‬

‫~‪111~ 5~11~1110‬‬ ‫‪()~..100,‬‬ ‫‪7,‬‬ ‫‪~(10 0~ 101100‬‬ ‫‪1..0111‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪/11 1-‬‬ ‫‪/11 1-‬‬ ‫‪/11 1-(11,,‬‬ ‫)‪1(5‬‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫= ‪= -‬‬ ‫‪(1 + (2‬‬ ‫‪= -‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫)‪(7-60‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪115‬‬ ‫‪11,,‬‬ ‫‪11511,,‬‬
‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪11115 ~1~~5‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ()~(1~-10-()~(1‬‬ ‫‪..1()()1~ ~11‬‬ ‫‪~01,‬‬

‫‪11511,,‬‬
‫= ‪/11‬‬ ‫)‪(7-61‬‬
‫‪11-(11,, -‬‬ ‫)‪1(5‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫‪1..(1051510..‬‬ ‫‪(21‬‬ ‫‪15 00,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1111~..‬‬ ‫‪~(1()(1~110..‬‬ ‫‪511()()11~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(10‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬ ‫‪~0110..‬‬ ‫(‬
‫)‪(7-62‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪(1-‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪(1~~..(1‬‬ ‫~‪015~11(1..~10‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬ ‫‪~01‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪~(1()(1~110.. 15 10‬‬ ‫~‪= 1,, (100 111~()~(1~-10-()~(1‬‬
‫‪..1()()1~ ~011(1~~ 01111~ ~(1()(1~110.. 15‬‬

‫)‪(7-63‬‬

‫)‪~~11(11100 (7-58‬‬ ‫‪~1~~5 (1 = 11)(11,, -‬‬ ‫‪1(5)1) (100 ~~. (7-63) 0~~0111~5‬‬
‫‪1,,11,,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪/1110 --‬‬ ‫)‪(7-64‬‬
‫‪(11,, -‬‬ ‫~‪1(5)1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(7-65‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪011~~ - 00051‬‬ ‫‪..~~111(110.. ()..0~10~5‬‬ ‫~~‪0111()111 ~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪()01(1..11‬‬ ‫‪..~~~..5(11‬‬ ‫‪~11110111 (1‬‬
‫_‪1..(10510..111~..‬‬ ‫‪1111(15111~11 ~16~1~0~~.‬‬ ‫‪000~..‬‬ ‫‪(11(11111 ~00011100‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪1..(1051510..,‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫(‪(///(/‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪1(11111~11‬‬ ‫‪~01 ~01110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 11/1-‬‬ ‫‪(100 15 1111111~0 0~ 111~ 10011~10..‬‬ ‫‪1-.‬‬ ‫‪0111()111‬‬

‫‪198‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪500(1-~1(~011‬‬ ‫‪()(01~~11011‬‬ ‫‪~0010‬‬‫‪0~ ~(15)110 1(11()1~(11~111. 1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪10~ 111()01 ~0((~111‬‬
‫‪15 015~01111110005‬‬ ‫(‪(1110 (1110 (1 0180 ()~(1~ ~0((~111 -00~5 10(00801((11151510‬‬ ‫‪(21.‬‬

‫~‪~)(301()1‬‬ ‫‪7-6‬‬
‫~‪-.,,. 10~ 0111‬‬
‫‪111~ 011~~ - 00081 (~~111310( 111~1~. 7-93 038 311 111~111~0113~~ 01 ~5 = 12‬‬
‫‪~~~1~,‬‬ ‫(‪/‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪0.25‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪8~11~0111‬‬ ‫~~‪1(~().11~11‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪~1-12.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪111011~1311~~,‬‬ ‫‪1- = 150‬‬
‫‪,..,..1-13110 1111~( ~3~3~11311~~, ~ = 220 ,..,..~. 10~ 3~~(3~~ 1030 ~11((~111, /0 = 1.25 /1...‬‬
‫~‪0~1~(111111~ 10~ (3) 3~~(3~~ 0111~111 ~0113~~, ~0~ (0) ~~3~-10-~~3‬‬ ‫‪0111~111 ~0113~~ (1~~1~,‬‬
‫~‪~ ~,,~ (~) ~~3~-10-~~3‬‬ ‫~‪(1~~1‬‬ ‫)‪~11((~111 01 111011~10(, ~1~ 3110 (0‬‬ ‫~‪~~3‬‬ ‫~‪~11((~111 01 10‬‬
‫‪1(31181810(, 1,,.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪50111~100‬‬ ‫‪~5 = 12 -.,,, /( = 0.25, 10 = 1.25 /1.., ./ = 25 ~1-12, 1- = 150 ,..,..1-1,3110‬‬
‫‪~ = 220‬‬ ‫‪,..,..~.‬‬
‫)‪)( 0.25/(1 - 0.25‬‬
‫)‪(3‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 ~().. (7-58), ~0 = -12‬‬ ‫‪= -4-.,,.‬‬
‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 ~().. (7-65), 10~ ~~3~-10-~~3~ 0111~111(1~~1~ ~0113~~ 18‬‬
‫‪)( 0.25‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1.25‬‬
‫= ‪~~,,‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪)( 10-6 = 56.8111-.,,‬‬
‫‪25,000‬‬ ‫‪220‬‬

‫~‪(~) ~(0111 ~().. (7-62), 10~ ~~3~-10-~~3‬‬ ‫‪111011~10((1~~1~ 18‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪0.25‬‬
‫= ‪~1‬‬
‫‪25,000‬‬ ‫‪)( 150 )( 10-6 = 0.8/1..‬‬

‫)‪)( 0.25/(1 - 0.25‬‬

‫‪(0) ~(0111 ~().. (7-59),15‬‬
‫‪= 1.25‬‬ ‫~‪= 0.4167 /1... 5111~~1518 10‬‬
‫‪3~~(3~~ 01 011(311011/(1, 111~~~3~-10-~~3~ ~11((~1110110~ 1(31181810(,‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪0.4167‬‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬
‫~ = ‪1,,‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪/( + 2 = 0.25 + 2 = 2 067 /1..‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪7-10(1.‬‬
‫‪~1(~011‬‬ ‫~‪(1(((1118~(11~111 0110‬‬
‫‪51(1111(1( 10 10~ 00~~-00051‬‬
‫~‪~0‬‬ ‫(‪(~801(110‬‬
‫‪(~801(110(,‬‬
‫‪051118‬‬
‫~‪10~ ~0‬‬
‫(~~‪(1 ()0‬‬

‫(‪(~8111(110‬‬
‫‪131115‬‬

‫‪()(0~10~5‬‬
‫‪500~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~18.‬‬

‫‪(111001()01‬‬
‫~‪~011(18‬‬ ‫‪~01~015‬‬ ‫(~‪1~55 10(111 0( 8(~(11‬‬ ‫~‪10(111 10~ 111()01 ~011(18‬‬ ‫‪(1110 10~ 001()01‬‬ ‫~‪~011(18‬‬
‫‪()01(1(11)115‬‬ ‫~‪(1150 0()()0511‬‬ ‫~‪10 10(11 0110‬‬ ‫‪111()01 ~011(18~.‬‬ ‫(‪1115 11(1(11~0 (111~( 115 111~~1110‬‬
‫‪(1).‬‬ ‫‪~0~11‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 111()01 ~011(18‬‬ ‫‪15 10(11~0‬‬ ‫(‪011 (1110 1((11151510‬‬ ‫‪(21 15 5~11~0~0‬‬ ‫‪011,‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬
‫‪1)/71 15 10(~(1(0‬‬ ‫‪01(15~0‬‬ ‫(‪(1110 ~(1()(1~110‬‬ ‫‪~1 15 ~0(1(8~0‬‬ ‫‪10(00801.,1,‬‬ ‫~‪1)/71, (1110 10‬‬ ‫‪111()111‬‬
‫‪50()()1)1, ~5.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~1(~011‬‬ ‫‪0()~((111011‬‬ ‫‪~(111 0~ 01~10~0‬‬ ‫‪11110 1~0‬‬ ‫‪(1100~5.‬‬ ‫~‪~00‬‬ ‫‪1 0~81115 ~0~11‬‬
‫(‬
‫(‪1((11151510‬‬ ‫‪(21‬‬ ‫‪15 10(11~0‬‬ ‫‪011‬‬ ‫‪(11‬‬ ‫‪= 0.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(‪~0((~111 10(0080111011~10‬‬ ‫‪1.,1 (15~5.‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪5(1(11~ 11(11~, 10‬‬ ‫~‪~011(18~ 01 ~(1()(1~110( ~1 (~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪01(15~5‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪1)/71 (1110 10(115‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪011.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(‪~(1()(1~110‬‬ ‫‪~1 015~0(1(8~5‬‬ ‫‪115 ~11..,(8)110‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~1(~011‬‬ ‫‪10((11~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 ~1,‬‬ ‫‪~2,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫(‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪10(10, (1110 1.,2.‬‬ ‫~‪~00‬‬ ‫‪2 0~81115 ~0.,.11 1(.11151510( (21 15 10(11~0 011 (11‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(1.‬‬
‫(‪~(1()(1~110‬‬ ‫‪~1 15 ~0(1(8~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0(11 10~ 111()11150()()1)1 (1110 10~ ~11~(8)1 510(~0‬‬ ‫(‪11110~ 11100~10‬‬
‫~‪1.,2151((11151~((~01010‬‬ ‫‪10(10.‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 0100~ 1)/71 (11101((11151510( (21 ()(0~10‬‬ ‫‪(15)111~0(011005‬‬

‫‪5~11~01118‬‬ ‫‪(1~11011.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~().01~(11~111 ~1(~0115‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(1100~5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 500~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~18.‬‬ ‫‪7-100‬‬
‫‪(1110 10~ ~(1~~10((115‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~‪51~(10)1-51(11‬‬ ‫‪~011(18~5‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~0((~1115‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 500~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~18.‬‬ ‫~‪7 -10‬‬
‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪~01111110005‬‬ ‫‪10(10 ~0((~111.‬‬

‫‪56~.‬‬ ‫‪7-6‬‬ ‫‪199‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~1 ~01‬‬

‫‪(..2‬‬
‫‪~~1+‬‬
‫‪+,0.-1‬‬
‫‪0,,,‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪~~,,,‬‬
‫‪~,‬‬ ‫)‪,.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~6‬‬ ‫‪- - - - - -‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪...‬‬
‫‪~~1‬‬
‫‪~~12‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪- -‬‬ ‫‪~1 -‬‬
‫‪---~-‬‬
‫‪- 1- ~ 11~1‬‬
‫‪1--‬‬
‫‪~~11‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~...‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬
‫~‬ ‫_‪1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪(..1‬‬ ‫‪~~1‬‬ ‫‪~01‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~11~2‬‬

‫‪..,~,,,‬‬
‫‪1~.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪~0081‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪(~) (0~~~..,8~80( ~~,~~~(5‬‬

‫‪..1~(1~~ 7-10‬‬ ‫(‪01/‬‬ ‫‪(~8(11~10(.‬‬

‫‪200‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫~‪~551111110‬‬ ‫‪11131 111~ ~1111~01‬‬ ‫‪0110011~101‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪115~5 110~3(1)1110111‬‬ ‫‪1 /~11 10 11-12‬‬
‫‪11111~ (1-‬‬

‫)‪(7-66‬‬

‫‪01‬‬

‫_‬ ‫‪6.11~1‬‬
‫)‪(7-67‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪011~ 10 111~ ~1131~~0‬‬ ‫‪~3113~1101‬‬ ‫‪~1,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1111~01‬‬ ‫‪0110011~101‬‬ ‫‪~1 13115 110~3(1)1110111‬‬
‫‪11~12 10 11-11 10 11111~ (2,‬‬

‫)‪(7-68‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪01‬‬

‫)‪(7-69‬‬

‫‪~)1‬‬ ‫‪(~5‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~~1)(2‬‬

‫‪6.11‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬

‫~‪5110511111110‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪= /(7300‬‬ ‫‪(2‬‬ ‫‪= (1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪/()7,‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 3~~13‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~ 01 ~3113~1101 ~1 15‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪~551111110‬‬
‫‪11111~ (1,‬‬
‫‪11131 111~ ~1111~01‬‬
‫‪~ 01‬‬

‫‪011111~1‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪~,(1‬‬

‫‪10011~101‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫‪-‬‬

‫‪~2‬‬
‫)(‪2/‬‬
‫(‪/‬‬

‫‪115~5 110~3(1)1‬‬
‫)‪(7-70‬‬

‫‪110111 11-21 10 11-22 10‬‬

‫)‪(7 -71‬‬

‫‪01‬‬

‫‪6.12 ~2‬‬
‫= ‪(1‬‬ ‫)‪(7-72‬‬
‫‪~01 -‬‬ ‫~~‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪300 111~ ~1111~01 0110011~101‬‬ ‫‪~2 13115 110~3(1)1110111 11-22 10 11-21 10 11111~(2,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪6.12‬‬ ‫)‪(7-73‬‬
‫~‪~= -‬‬ ‫‪~2- (2‬‬

‫‪~~01‬‬ ‫‪(2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪--‬‬

‫‪6.12~2‬‬ ‫)‪(7-74‬‬

‫‪58~. 7-6‬‬ ‫‪201‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~..0111 8()8. (7-71) 3110 (7-73),‬‬

‫‪(~01 -‬‬ ‫‪~(1)(1‬‬ ‫‪~(1(2‬‬

‫= ‪6./2‬‬
‫‪1.,2‬‬ ‫‪1.,2‬‬

‫~‪5~()8111~1111‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪/(73110‬‬ ‫‪(2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(1 -‬‬ ‫‪/()7,‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 3~~..3‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~ 01 ~3()~~110..‬‬
‫‪~1 18‬‬

‫)(‪_ _ ~(1(1- 2/‬‬

‫‪~01 -‬‬ ‫(‪/‬‬ ‫)‪(7-75‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪8()~31111~ 8().‬‬ ‫)‪(7-70‬‬ ‫‪10 8().‬‬ ‫‪(7-75),‬‬ ‫~~‪~~ ~31111110 111~ 3~~..3‬‬ ‫‪0~1()~1 ~0113~~ 38‬‬

‫‪/(~5‬‬
‫‪~ (1‬‬ ‫‪= -‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫(‪_ /‬‬ ‫)‪(7-76‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~88~111111~ 3 10881~88 ~1..~~11, ~.15‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~(1/(1 = ~5/(1/(/(1 -‬‬ ‫‪/() 3110 111~3~~..3~~ 111()~1‬‬
‫‪~~ ~111,‬‬

‫(‪/ 51_/‬‬
‫=‬ ‫~‬ ‫) ‪(7-77‬‬

‫‪111~ 8~11~11111~()~..100 7 ~311 ()~ 10~110 1..0111 8()8.‬‬ ‫)‪(7-67‬‬ ‫=)‪3110 (7-69‬‬

‫= ‪7 = -‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪(1 + (2‬‬
‫‪6./11.,1‬‬ ‫‪6./1 1.,1‬‬ ‫‪_ 6./1‬‬ ‫‪1.,1(2~5‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪~01‬‬
‫‪= -‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪(7 -78‬‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~01‬‬ ‫‪~5(~5‬‬ ‫)‪- ~01‬‬
‫‪~111~11 ~1~~8‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ()~3~-10-()~3‬‬ ‫~~ ~‪..1()()1‬‬ ‫‪~111 011110~~10..‬‬ ‫‪1.,1 38‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪6./1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪~5(~5 - ~01‬‬
‫)‪/1.1(2~5 - ~01‬‬
‫)‪(7-79‬‬

‫(‪~5/‬‬
‫‪6./1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(7-80‬‬
‫‪/1.1‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪8~11~11111~ ()~..100‬‬ ‫‪7 ~311 3180‬‬ ‫‪()~ 10~110‬‬ ‫‪1..0111 8()8.‬‬ ‫)‪(7-72‬‬ ‫=)‪3110 (7-74‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪7‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(1 + (2‬‬ ‫‪= 6./21.2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫)‪6./2 1.2 _ 6./2 1.2(2~(1- ~01‬‬
‫)‪(7-81‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪~01‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~(1‬‬ ‫‪~(1‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~(1(~01‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪~(1‬‬
‫‪3110 11118 ~1~~8‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ()~3~-10-()~3‬‬ ‫~~ ~‪..1()()1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~111 011110~~10..‬‬ ‫‪1.2 38‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~(1(~01 -‬‬ ‫)‪~5‬‬

‫= ‪6./2‬‬ ‫)‪(7-82‬‬
‫‪/1.2(2~(1 -‬‬ ‫)‪~01‬‬

‫)(‪~(1(1 - /‬‬ ‫‪/(~5‬‬

‫=‬ ‫)‪(7-83‬‬
‫‪/1.2‬‬ ‫‪/1.2‬‬
‫‪~11~11‬‬ ‫‪1..31181810..‬‬ ‫~~‪(21 18 011, 111~ ~11~..‬‬ ‫‪1..31181~.. ~3()3~110..‬‬ ‫‪~1 18 ~113..~~0 ()~ 111~ 111()~1‬‬
‫~~‬ ‫‪~11110..‬‬ ‫(‬
‫=‬ ‫‪(2.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 3~~..3‬‬ ‫~~ ~‪~113..~111‬‬ ‫‪~11110..‬‬ ‫‪~1 18 /01 = /5 3110 111~ ()~3~-‬‬

‫‪202‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪10-~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪..1~~1‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ ~(1~(1~110..‬‬ ‫‪~1 18‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪(12‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪(12‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫(‬

‫‪~ ~~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫(‪/~1 0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~1)0‬‬
‫‪/5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(7-84‬‬
‫‪~1)0‬‬ ‫~~‬
‫)‪~()1.1(111011(7-76‬‬ ‫‪~1~~8 (2 = ~)((~5‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~,,)() (1110~(). (7-84) 0~~0111~8‬‬

‫)‪(7-85‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)(‪_ /.(1 - /‬‬
‫‪~ ~~1‬‬ ‫)‪(7-86‬‬
‫‪/~1‬‬
‫~‪1~ ,,.‬‬ ‫‪(1881.1111~ 111(11 111~ 10(10‬‬ ‫‪~1.1 ~111 ..1~~1~,‬‬ ‫‪~10,‬‬ ‫‪18 11~~11~101~,‬‬ ‫‪~11-2‬‬ ‫~‪~1~2. 111‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~‪(1~~..(1‬‬ ‫‪~11(1..~111~ ~1.1 ~111 0~ ~2,‬‬ ‫‪,,.111~11 ~0,,.8‬‬ ‫‪~0.. 11111~ 1/2,‬‬ ‫‪18 /~2‬‬ ‫‪~/2/4‬‬ ‫~‪(1110 111‬‬
‫~‪~~(1~-10-~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪..1~~1‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~(1~(1~110..‬‬ ‫‪~2 18‬‬

‫‪1 (1/2‬‬ ‫‪1 (1/2 ~/2‬‬ ‫‪~/2‬‬

‫‪~~~2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫(‪/~2 0‬‬ ‫‪= ~2)0 4‬‬ ‫‪= 8/~2‬‬ ‫)‪(7-87‬‬
‫‪~2)0‬‬

‫‪_ ~,,(1 - /() _ /(~5‬‬

‫‪~~~2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪(7-88‬‬
‫~‪8~21-2‬‬ ‫~‪8~21-2‬‬
‫~‪111~ 01‬‬ ‫‪..~~1.11(110.. 18 0(18~0‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ ~(1~(1~111~~ ~11~..~)11..(1118~~..‬‬ ‫‪(1110 (18 (1 ..~81.111,‬‬

‫‪1-1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪111~ 111~1.11~1.1 ~11118 ~01111111.101.18.‬‬
‫‪~~6~1~11~)1.‬‬
‫‪(1110‬‬ ‫‪1-2.‬‬

‫‪18 (1180 111~11.‬‬

‫‪~11~111..(11181810..‬‬
‫‪~8‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪111~ ~(1~(1~110.. ~..0~10~8‬‬
‫‪..~81.111‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪111~11‬‬
‫‪111~ ~1..~1.11111(18 10,,. 8,,.11~11111~ 1088~8‬‬
‫‪(211811.1..11~0 011, 1111(1810 ~(1 )1111~ ~1.1 ~1118 0~ 11101.1~10..8‬‬
‫‪~~(1~ ~1.1 ~111 ~0,,.8‬‬
‫‪111~ ~11~..~)11..(1118~~..,‬‬
‫‪111..01.1~111..(11181810.. (21.‬‬ ‫~~‪5111‬‬
‫‪111~ ..1~~1~ ~1.1 ~111 0~ 111~ ~(1~(1~110.. ~1‬‬
‫‪(1110 11(18 111~11‬‬

‫~))(‪~~301‬‬ ‫‪7-7‬‬

‫‪111~ 111~11( ~01(3~~ 01 3 ~6)( ~011~~~(~~ 111 ~1~. 7-103,‬‬ ‫‪1/, = 12~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 011(~ ~~~1~,‬‬
‫(‪/‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬
‫= ‪= 0.25 3110 (11~ 5~1(~11111~ 1~~()11~11~~ 15 25 )(1-12. 111~ 111(~~ 111011~(311~~, 1-2‬‬
‫‪/-11-13110 111(~~ ~3~3~1(311~~ 15 ~2‬‬ ‫‪220‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪/-1~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~~~‪~11‬‬ ‫~~‪(~31151‬‬ ‫~~‪~3~3~1(311‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪200 /-1~ 3110 111011~(311~~ 1-1 = 200 /-11-1. 111~ 3~~~3~~ 1030 ~11~~~11( 15 1~ = 1.12 ~.‬‬
‫~‪0~(~~~111‬‬ ‫‪(11~ (3) 3~~~3~~ 011(~11( ~01(3~~, 1/~~ (0) 3~~~3~~ 111~11(~11~~~11(, 1,~ (~) ~~3)(-‬‬
‫~‪(0-~~3)( ~1~~1~ ~11~~~11(01111011~(0~ 1-1, ~11 ~ (0) ~~3)( -(0-~~3)( ~1~~1~ ~01(3~~ 01 ~3~3~1(0‬‬
‫()‪~1, ~1/01~ (~) ~~3)(-(0-~~3‬‬ ‫()‪~1~~1~ ~11~~~11( 01111011~(0~ 1-2. ~12~ (1) ~~3)(-(0-~~3‬‬ ‫~‪~1~~1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~~‪~01(3‬‬ ‫~‪01 ~3~3~1(0‬‬ ‫‪~2, ~ 1/02~ 3110 (~) ~~3)( ~11~~~11( 01 (11~ (~311515(0~, 1,,.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪80)11000 1/, = 12 ~, /( = 0.25, 1~ = 1.25 ~,‬‬ ‫= ‪/‬‬ ‫‪25 )(1-12,1-1 = 180 /-11-1,~1 = 200‬‬
‫= ‪/-1~, 1-2‬‬ ‫‪150 /-11-1, 3110 ~2 = 220 /-1~.‬‬
‫‪(3) ~~0~ ~(). (7-76), 1/~ = -0.25‬‬ ‫‪)( 12/(1‬‬
‫‪- 0.25) = -4~.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~~0~ ~(). (7-77), 1, = 1.25 )( 0.25/(1 - 0.25) = 0.42 ~.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~~0~ ~(). (7-80), ~11 = 12 )( 0.25/(25,000‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫)‪)( 10-6‬‬
‫‪180‬‬ ‫‪= 0.67 ~.‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫)‪10-6‬‬
‫‪(0) ~~0~ ~(). (7-86), ~1/01= 0.42(1 - 0.25)/(25,000‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪= 63~~.‬‬
‫~‪(~) ~~0‬‬ ‫‪~(). (7-83),‬‬ ‫‪~12 = 0.25 )( 12/(25,000‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫)‪)( 10-6‬‬
‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪= 0.8 ~.‬‬
‫‪(1) ~~0~ ~(). (7-87), ~1/02 = 0.8/(8‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪25,000‬‬ ‫()‬
‫)‪220 )( 10-6‬‬ ‫‪= 18.18 ~~.‬‬

‫‪58~. 7-6‬‬ ‫‪203‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(7-89‬‬

‫‪~0~ 3 10551~55 ~1~~1.111,/1.2~0,,.‬‬ ‫~~‪= 1/0/0 3110 1/1~ 3..~~3‬‬ ‫~‪..311.1~ 011/1~ ~1.1~~~11111111101.1~10‬‬
‫‪1-2 15‬‬

‫‪/0‬‬
‫= ‪/1,-2‬‬
‫(‪1 - 2/‬‬ ‫)‪(7-90‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1.25‬‬
‫‪1 - 2‬‬ ‫()‬
‫~ ‪0.25 = 2.5‬‬

‫‪/1/,‬‬ ‫‪/1/2‬‬ ‫‪0.67‬‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪/,, = /$ +‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= 0.42 +‬‬ ‫‪+ 2.5 +‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 3.655‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪/1.2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫~‪111~5‬‬ ‫‪101.1( (~~1.11310(5‬‬ ‫~‪1.15~ 001)100‬‬ ‫‪1(3051510(,‬‬ ‫~‪~(0~10)110‬‬ ‫~‪001)100‬‬ ‫~~‪513‬‬ ‫‪~00,,,~~5100,‬‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪(~()1.11(~ 1001.1~10(5‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪~3~3~110(5‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪~0~(~)11(3051~(.‬‬ ‫‪01.1~ 10 10~ ~1.1((~01-1130-‬‬
‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪1/(01131100‬‬ ‫‪01 3 510~1~ 1(3051510(,‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ 01.11~1.11 ~0‬‬ ‫~‪01111~5‬‬ ‫‪(~~1.11310~5‬‬ ‫‪15 5(0311,‬‬
‫‪1)1~1~311)11~05‬‬ ‫‪01 ~3115.‬‬ ‫(~‪,4.1111~11‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 512~ 0110~5‬‬ ‫‪~0(0~00~015‬‬ ‫‪10~(~35~5,‬‬
‫‪~110‬‬ ‫‪10~(~35~0‬‬ ‫‪~0(0~00~011055~5,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~111~1~0~)1‬‬ ‫‪0~~~35~5.‬‬ ‫‪10 30011100,‬‬ ‫~~~‪111‬‬
‫‪15 00‬‬ ‫‪150/31100‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10~1.11 300‬‬ ‫‪01.11~1.11 ,,,0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 15 3 01~01)1‬‬ ‫~‪0~51~301‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫‪~(11~(100‬‬
‫~(~‪~11‬‬
‫(~‪3 1(30510((0‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬
‫‪10 (0051‬‬
‫~~‪3 0~ ,,,0113‬‬

‫‪015~1.155~0‬‬
‫‪300‬‬
‫‪3~~11~311005.‬‬
‫‪15 ~00,,,~(1~0‬‬
‫‪111~0 ~00,,,~(1~0‬‬
‫‪10 5~~1100‬‬ ‫‪9-4.‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪111~0 ~0~~(,‬‬
‫‪10 3~ 0)1 30 10,,,~(1~(.‬‬
‫‪10 0~ 0)1 (~~1111~(5.‬‬
‫‪(01.1111513~~ ~00,,,~~51005‬‬
‫‪111~ 3~ 01.11~1.1115 150131~0‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬

‫‪111~ (01.1111513~~ ~00,,,~(51005‬‬

‫‪1.15~0,‬‬
‫‪0)1‬‬

‫(‪,4. 10)1(1510‬‬ ‫(~~~‪~110‬‬ ‫(‪~1(~1.111, ~111~111.15~5 3135111.1(0-011111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪35 3 5~11~0,‬‬ ‫‪(~()1.11(~5‬‬

‫‪~0(0(01.1131100‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.111()1 10 11.1(0 11 011.‬‬ ‫~(~‪10‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪,,,3(101.15 1~~1101()1.1~5‬‬ ‫‪0)1 ~111~11 3‬‬
‫‪111)1(1510( ~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ 11.1(0~0‬‬ ‫‪011 300‬‬ ‫~(‪111~5~ 3‬‬ ‫‪0~5~(10~0‬‬ ‫‪10 0~131110‬‬ ‫(~‪~03~1‬‬ ‫‪3.‬‬ ‫~‪01.1~10‬‬
‫~~‪111~ ~3(1)1 513‬‬ ‫‪011351-11.1(0-011111)1~1510(5,‬‬ ‫(~‪3 01.1(00‬‬ ‫(~~~‪01 ~110‬‬ ‫~‪~1(~1.1115 03,,,‬‬ ‫‪0~~0‬‬
‫‪~1.1011511~0.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~(‪,,,3(101.15 ~1(~1.1115 3‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 01.11~0(0‬‬ ‫~‪01 (0~~110‬‬ ‫‪~~(1310‬‬ ‫~‪~(11~(13‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(~01.1~1100‬‬ ‫‪01 (0101(01.1(0‬‬ ‫~‪00-11(0‬‬ ‫‪1/(011,‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫‪01~0‬‬ ‫‪1(~()1.1~0~)1‬‬ ‫‪01 0~~((11100,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~..,,,,‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪0,,,‬‬

‫‪204‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪(~11(101‬‬ ‫‪0~~((111011.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪0~~~10~111~111‬‬ ‫~‪0~ (111~(11(111~~ 5~11~0111‬‬ ‫‪0~-‬‬
‫(~~‪~1~~5 (~.~, ~0‬‬ ‫‪1((11151510(5, (105),‬‬ ‫(~~~‪10~ (1~~11~(1110115 0~ 10)1(1510( ~00‬‬ ‫‪~1(~11115‬‬
‫(~~‪(1(~ 1111111~0 10 01~0 ~0‬‬ ‫‪1~~~15 (1110 ~5~~~1(111)1, 10 1((1~11011 111010( ~0111(01.‬‬ ‫~‪50111‬‬
‫(~~~‪0~ 10~ ~00‬‬ ‫‪~1(~11115 115~0 0)11((1~11011‬‬ ‫‪~()111~111~111111(11111~(1~111(~(5 (1(~ 015~1155~0‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬
‫‪1015 5~~11011.‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(~~~‪1111~1115~-~0111111111(11~0 ~00‬‬ ‫‪15 (1 ~~()1 ~0111111011 ~1(~1111 ~110‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪10)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪(15‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪500~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪7-11‬‬ ‫‪(111015 (1150 ~110~11‬‬ ‫‪(15 (1 ~/(1551~(1/ ~110/1/1€,..‬‬ ‫~‪~110‬‬ ‫~‪0~~11111111~ 0‬‬
‫‪10~ 0~~((111011,‬‬ ‫(‪10)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪12 15 ~1(~0‬‬ ‫(‪(1110 1015 ~(1115~5 10~ ~0111111111(111011 ~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫‪~ 10‬‬
‫~~(‪~0(1‬‬ ‫‪10(011~0‬‬ ‫~~‪10~ 10(10 10 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪110 ~01~0‬‬ ‫‪5001110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 10~ 511~~1)1 ~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫‪115, 111‬‬
‫‪10~ ~1(51 ~)1~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~1(11~.-4‬‬ ‫‪0~~0111~5‬‬ ‫~~‪~05111‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫‪(~5~~~110‬‬ ‫‪~1(11~ 13.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111‬‬
‫‪0~~(311011‬‬ ‫‪~(111 0~ 01~10~0‬‬ ‫‪11110 ~1~~ 11100~5,‬‬ ‫‪(1110 10~ ~()111~(11~111 ~1(~11115 11110~( 51~(10)1-‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪51(11~ ~01101110115 (1(~ 500~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~. 7-12.‬‬

‫~‪~00‬‬ ‫‪1 0~~1115 ~0~11‬‬ ‫‪11 15 ~1(~0.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪10(10 15 ~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10 10~ 511~~1)1.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫(‪~0111111111(111011 ~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫‪~ (~~~(5~5‬‬ ‫~~(‪115 ~0(1‬‬ ‫‪10(011~0‬‬ ‫~‪10~ (~5011(1111 (~~~(5111‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111‬‬
‫‪~0(111~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 11,‬‬ ‫‪1)1,‬‬ ‫‪(1110 1-,.,,.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(~5011(1111 ~11((~11115‬‬ ‫‪~1~~11 0)1‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫_‪1‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪.7‬‬
‫‪~ 0‬‬
‫~)‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪1-,.,,‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪5111‬‬
‫‪()),.,,1‬‬ ‫)‪(7 -91‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪~(1111‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪(~5011(1111‬‬ ‫‪(~~~(5(11‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫~ )~‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪10~ ~(1~(1~110(~011(1~~ 15 ~011110~(0111‬‬
‫‪/,‬‬

‫= )‪1)0(1‬‬
‫=‬

‫‪110 ~05 ()),.,,1‬‬

‫)‪(7-92‬‬

‫)‪(7-93‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪...‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~~...+..‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1/.‬‬ ‫‪- 01‬‬
‫_‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~008‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬

‫‪58~.7-7‬‬ ‫‪205‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪~0~..‬‬ ‫‪(1),.,‬‬ ‫‪= 1/ /1.,.,~.‬‬ ‫‪~(1~.. 6111~(= (. = 70 /1.,.,~, 10~ ~3~3~110..~0113~~ 18‬‬
‫‪..~~~..8~0 10 - 11~. 1018 18 80111~6111~8 ~311~0 ~0111111/1.((1(1011‬‬
‫‪7~(1(/111~55.‬‬
‫~‪~00‬‬ ‫~~‪2 0~~108 ~0~0 10~ ~01111111113600 10)7..1810.. 1218 (1..~0. ~ ..~~~..8~ ~0113‬‬
‫‪18 3~~11~0‬‬ ‫~ (‪3~..088 10~ 111310 10)7..1810.. 11 300 11 18 111(0~0 0~~. 111~ ~3~3~110‬‬
‫‪018~03..~~8‬‬ ‫‪10..011~010~ 1030 (..0111 - 11~ 10 2~..0 300 1018 018~03..~10~ 11111~,~01~018‬‬
‫‪3180 ~311~0‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~17~/1.1((07 (1))(11/(10/~) (/1.711-0// (1111~,18 ~1~~0 0)7‬‬

‫(‬ ‫~~‪11‬‬
‫‪1/ =-‬‬ ‫)‪(7-94‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪/,.,‬‬

‫~‪~0~..‬‬ ‫~‪/,., 18 10~ ~~3‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬ ‫‪~01.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫((‪~1..~1111111..0-0‬‬ ‫‪6111~,‬‬ ‫‪(1/, 1111181 0~ ~..~31~..‬‬
‫‪1030‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫((‪111..0-0‬‬ ‫‪6111~ 0( 10~ 10)7..1810.., (0((.‬‬ ‫‪(1/ ~3..1~8‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬ ‫‪~01‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫‪11111810~ 0~81~0~0‬‬ ‫~‪(0.. 10~ ~0..81-~38‬‬ ‫‪~0001600,‬‬ ‫‪~01~0‬‬ ‫~‪0~~11..8 3110‬‬ ‫~‪(113)(111111111~3111‬‬
‫‪0( 1030 ~11 ~01 300‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪10~ 11110111111111~3111~ 0( ~3~3~110..‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪6111~ ..~()111..~0‬‬ ‫‪(0.. 10~ ~3~3~110..‬‬ ‫~‪10 ..~~03..8‬‬ ‫~~‪03‬‬ ‫~~‪10 10~ 811~~1)7 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪~311~0‬‬ ‫‪10~ 7~~/1(1781118‬‬ ‫‪(1111~ 300‬‬ ‫‪18 ~1~~0‬‬ ‫‪0)7‬‬

‫(‬ ‫~‪11.‬‬
‫‪~ =-‬‬ ‫)‪(7 -95‬‬
‫‪/,.,‬‬

‫‪10118‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 1013111111‬‬ ‫‪0~~~883..)7‬‬ ‫‪(0.. 10~ ~3~3~110..‬‬ ‫~~‪10 018~03..‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~~‪..~~03..‬‬ ‫‪18 ~311~0‬‬
‫‪10~ ~0111111/1.((1(1011 (1111~, ~01~018‬‬

‫)‪(7-96‬‬
‫‪1018 11100~ ~008 31 ( = ((/ ~0~0 10~ ~01111111113600 ~3~3~110..‬‬ ‫‪~ ..~~03..~~8‬‬ ‫‪10 11. 300‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪10~ (..~~~0~~110‬‬
‫~‪~00‬‬
‫‪0100~ /),., 813..18 ~00011~60~.‬‬
‫~‪3 0~~108 ~0~0 10~ (..~~~0~~110‬‬ ‫~‪0100~ /),., 813..18 ~00011~60‬‬ ‫~‪300 10‬‬
‫‪1030 ~11 ~01 0~~3)78. 10~ ~0~..~)7 810..~0 10 10~ 8011..~~ 10011~130~~ 1.. (~1118 30)7 81..3)7‬‬
‫‪10011~130~~ 10 10~ ~1..~1111)18 1..3081~ ~0 1010 10~ ~3~3~110.. 300 10~ ~11 ~0118‬‬

‫‪1.(0 = /,., ~08‬‬ ‫(‪(1).‬‬ ‫)‪(7 -97‬‬

‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪10~ 108130130~0118‬‬ ‫‪~3~3~110..‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫)‪.0(/‬‬ ‫~‪11, + /‬‬ ‫‪510 .../‬‬ ‫)‪(7-98‬‬

‫~~‬
‫~‬

‫~‪~0~..‬‬ ‫‪(1).‬‬ ‫(‬

‫‪= 1/70~.‬‬ ‫‪= (. = 0.5‬‬
‫~‪~(1~..11111‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪10~ 0~~..~03..~10~ ~11 ~01‬‬
‫‪0~~0111~8 2~..0 300 10~ ~3~3~110.. 18 ..~~03..~~0 10‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(7-99‬‬
‫~‪~0~..‬‬ ‫‪~ 11 300‬‬ ‫~~‪11.., 3..~ 10~ 0~~..~0113‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪~~3‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪0( ~011111111131100 ~3~3~110..,‬‬
‫‪..~8~~~11~~1)7.‬‬ ‫‪~()1131100‬‬ ‫)‪(7-98‬‬ ‫‪~1~~8‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 0~~..~03..~10‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬

‫‪/1..‬‬
‫‪~11=/‬‬ ‫‪,.,~ ~.‬‬ ‫)‪(7-100‬‬

‫~‪~00‬‬ ‫‪4 0~~108 ~0~0 10~ 0~~..~03..~10~ 18 ~0111~1~1~ 300 10~ 1030 ~11 ~01 ~00-‬‬
‫‪11011~8 10 0~~3)7.‬‬ ‫‪11 18 1111~0..1301 10 001~ 1031 1018 11100~ ~)(1818 011~ 10 0100~ /)1,‬‬

‫‪206‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪0~~31.15‬‬ ‫‪11 3110~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~500301‬‬ ‫‪05~11131100‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~001101.1‬‬ ‫‪111(01.1~11 111~ ~1(~1.111 10((0~0‬‬
‫‪0)1 /)111, /)1,‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111~ 51.1~~1)1.‬‬ ‫~~(‪11115 ~1111.100~(~113‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0(0(01.1131100‬‬ ‫(‪~3~3~11310‬‬
‫‪~ 300‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 1.100~(~113(~10‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫(‪111(01.1~11 111~ ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪15 ~1~~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1‬‬

‫)‪((/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~ 11‬‬

‫)‬ ‫‪(1.,‬‬ ‫)~‪~ 1.‬‬
‫‪810 00~/‬‬ ‫)‪(7-101‬‬

‫‪111~ ~0(0(01.1131100‬‬ ‫(‪~3~3~110‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫)(‪(,),,‬‬ ‫)‪(7-102‬‬
‫)((‪1)0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~.., - /1~(1 - ~05‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫(‬
‫~‪~11~(~ (,),, = 1/‬‬ ‫‪/~(/..,5‬‬ ‫‪+ /..,,,,). ~11~( 11(0~ = (,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪/~(/..,5‬‬ ‫‪+ /..,,,,), 111~1.10-‬‬
‫‪0~(~113(~10~ ~1.1((~01 0~~0(0~5 ~~(0 300 111~ 0100~ /)1 510~5 ~0001.1~110~.‬‬ ‫‪)3,()1.131100‬‬
‫‪(7-102) ~1~~5 111~ 3~311301~ ~0(0(01.1131100 ~0113~~ 01111~ ~3~3~110( 35‬‬

‫)‪(7-103‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪11111~(~ 15 00 0~~(~113(~~,‬‬ ‫‪111~(~ ~111 001 0~ (0)11.100~(~113(~~.‬‬
‫‪~00~ 5 0~~105 ~11~0 111~~0(0(01.1131100 ~(0~~5515 ~0(0~1~1~ 300 111~1030 ~1.1((~01‬‬
‫‪~001101.1~5 10 0~~3)1111(01.1~11 0100~ /),,,.‬‬ ‫(‪11115 (000~ ~005 ~11~0 111~ (0310 111)1(1510‬‬
‫‪15 (~11(~0 31111~ 0~~10010~ 010~)(1 ~)1~1~. 111~ 0111~(~01 ~3~~10((05‬‬ ‫‪10( 111~ ~1.1((~015‬‬
‫‪300 ~0113~~5 3(~ 5110~0 10 ~1~. 7-13.‬‬
‫‪111~ 3~~(3~~ 01.11~1.11~0113~~ 01111~ ~110~~~( 15‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬ ‫~=‬ ‫‪(~5/(1‬‬ ‫))‪+ ((/ (~0 + ~5‬‬

‫~‬
‫)‪(7-104‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪11 ~01.110 0~ 0011~~01(0(0‬‬

‫(‪(1510‬‬

‫‪(~~~(531‬‬
‫‪11115 11(0/15 111~ (0101(01.1(0‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪(01.151‬‬
‫~‪01111‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬
‫(‪~3~3~110‬‬
‫(‪10‬‬
‫)‪)3,(). (7-104‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫‪300‬‬
‫‪(0101(01.1(0‬‬
‫‪11131 ~~~0‬‬

‫~~‪01.11~1.11 ~0113‬‬
‫~‪11(0‬‬
‫(‪(_ 15 11)(~0 10( 3 ~3(11~1.113‬‬
‫‪01‬‬
‫~~‪31 /( = 0, 111~ 01.11~1.11~0113‬‬

‫~‪01111‬‬
‫_(‬
‫=‬
‫‪~110~~~(.‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫~‪/..,,,,‬‬
‫‪~1(~1.111 0~51~0.‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬
‫~‪3110‬‬
‫‪0~~0(0~5‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬
‫)‪(7-105‬‬

‫‪111~ 111)1-‬‬
‫~~(‪~113‬‬
‫‪111~(~10(~,‬‬
‫‪111~ (0101(01.1(0‬‬ ‫‪01.11)1 ~)1~1~ 300‬‬ ‫‪(0101(01.1(0‬‬ ‫~~‪01.11~1.11 ~0113‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪3150 5~1.‬‬

‫_(‬
‫~‪= /(10101 = ~ //..,,,,‬‬ ‫)‪(7-106‬‬

‫)‪(7-107‬‬
‫‪111~ (0101(01.1(0‬‬ ‫~~‪3~~(3‬‬ ‫‪01.11~1.11 ~0113~~,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫=‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪~0(1010‬‬ ‫‪/(1010 ~5‬‬ ‫‪+ 0.5((/(~0 + ~5)1‬‬ ‫)‪(7-108‬‬

‫))‪= 1(~5(_ + 0.5((/(~0 + ~5‬‬
‫‪111~ (0101(01.1(0‬‬ ‫‪01.11~1.11 ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪~0(1010),‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~3(1~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 ~001(01110‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~110~-‬‬
‫~‪~10‬‬ ‫‪1(~()1.1~0~)1.‬‬ ‫‪~0((0311)1,‬‬ ‫‪~0(1010) 15 11)(~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1111‬‬ ‫‪0~51~0‬‬ ‫‪(~()1.11(~(0~01‬‬ ‫‪10 3 ~~(-‬‬
‫~‪(0155101‬‬ ‫‪~311.1~.‬‬
‫‪111~ (03)(1(01.1(0‬‬ ‫~‪~311.1~ 01111‬‬ ‫~‪01.11)1~)1~1~ 15 3150 11(011~0 10 3110‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0(0(01.1131100‬‬
‫(‪~3~3~110‬‬ ‫~~(‪10 015~113‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪(~~113(~~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪(03)(1(01.1(0‬‬ ‫‪~311.1~ 0111115‬‬ ‫‪01.11)1 ~)1~1~ 15‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪7-7‬‬ ‫‪207‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~8.()8.~~10~ ~0~~9,,1‬‬
‫‪~,.,,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪..1~11..~ 7-13‬‬
‫‪~0~~11131~0‬‬
‫‪~3.,~(0~~5‬‬
‫‪~(10))))~~.‬‬
‫‪(0~ 1~))1115~-‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫)‪(7-109‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1113)(11111.1111 01.11~1.11‬‬ ‫‪..0113~~,‬‬

‫()~‪~0(,,.,~)()= /(,,.,‬‬
‫‪~5 + 0.5(,1(~0 + ~5)1‬‬ ‫)‪(7-110‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫(‪10~3110)1(1510‬‬ ‫(~~~‪~00‬‬ ‫~‪5001.110 03..‬‬ ‫)‪00 111111100 10~ (1‬‬ ‫‪1111011111.1111‬‬
‫‪00-11111~,‬‬
‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫‪1113)(11111.111100-11111~,‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬ ‫‪1113)(11111.111101.11~1.11 ..0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬ ‫‪111(1)(11111.1111‬‬
‫~‪~00~~10‬‬
‫‪~(~()1.1~0~)1.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪11.1(0-0~~ 11111~,(,,, 5001.110 0~ 100~~~00~01‬‬ ‫‪0~ 10~ 1030 ~1.1((~01.‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬

‫‪208‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫(~‪0180‬‬ ‫‪1(~()1.1~11()1,‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪(111111~ (1.1((~1115 3110 10~ 51.111111)1‬‬
‫(‪03((110111‬‬ ‫~‪(1.1((~111 0~(0(11‬‬
‫‪5(11311~(.‬‬ ‫‪111 300111011,‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 512~ 0110‬‬ ‫‪111111.111111~( 15 (~01.1(~0.‬‬
‫‪1015‬‬ ‫(~‪(001111‬‬ ‫‪(1((1.11115‬‬ ‫‪~~()1 51(11111~ 3110 (~()1.11(~5 1~0 10)1(1510(5 3110 011~ 0100~.‬‬
‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫(‪10~ (113111 10)1(1510‬‬ ‫~‪1) 035 10 (3(()110‬‬ ‫‪(~50113111 (~~~(531‬‬ ‫‪(1.1((~111, 10~(~0)1‬‬

‫‪111((~351118‬‬ ‫(‪115 11~3/‬‬ ‫‪(1.1((~111 (311118‬‬ ‫~‪3110 11(11111118 10‬‬ ‫‪(1111111.1(1101.11111.11~01138~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪015(03(81118‬‬ ‫‪3110 (03(81118‬‬ ‫(‪11(11~ 01 (0(11(111.11311011 (3113(110‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 0~11~110~111‬‬ ‫‪011 10~ 1030‬‬
‫~‪(1.1((~111 3110 101511(1111510‬‬ ‫‪0180-1(~()1.1~11()1011~(311011,‬‬ ‫~‪~511~(1311)131310‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪(1.1((~111.‬‬
‫‪1015‬‬ ‫(~‪(001111‬‬ ‫‪(3111101 0~ 1~51~0‬‬ ‫‪~11001.11‬‬ ‫‪(01111~(11118‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1030.‬‬ ‫‪1015‬‬ ‫‪(1((1.111 035‬‬ ‫‪(11311)1‬‬
‫‪01530~311138~5.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫~‪1111011115 01.1110‬‬ ‫‪11(001~(115‬‬ ‫(‪0110)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪(0(11(111.11311011.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪~)(301()1‬‬ ‫‪7-8‬‬

‫‪~11 111011~11,,,~1030 ~0111(011~0 0)/ 10.~ ~0.01111~( 111~1~. 7-11 (~()111(~5 311 3,,,~(3~~ ~11((~111‬‬
‫= ~‪01 1‬‬ ‫‪425 ~ ~110. 11~3)( ~11((~111 01 /,,, = 450~.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 111111115(111111)/,,,0113~~ 15‬‬
‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪= 220 ~.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫‪~0.01111111~1(~()11~11~)/ 15 /‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪112‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ 111(11-01111111‬‬ ‫~‪0110.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1113111 10.)/11510115‬‬ ‫= ‪(0(1‬‬ ‫‪18 ~5.‬‬ ‫~‪1110.‬‬ ‫‪11~3)( ~1111~11110.1011~0.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 1113111 10.)/11510115‬‬ ‫‪1111111~0‬‬
‫‪10 180%‬‬ ‫‪01/,,,‬‬ ‫~~‪3110 10.~ 50111‬‬ ‫~~‪111011~1311‬‬ ‫)~~‪(111~1110111~ 10.~ 51(3)/ 111011~1311‬‬ ‫~‪15 11~~11~101‬‬
‫‪(~5‬‬ ‫~‪0), 0~1~101111‬‬ ‫‪10.~ (3) ~0111111111311011 ~3113~11311~~,‬‬ ‫‪~~ (0) 111011~1311~~,‬‬ ‫)~( ‪~,~ ~ 3110‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪1111111111111113110 (13)(10111111 011111111 ,,,0113~~.‬‬

‫‪80101100 10 = 425 ~, /,,, = 450 ~, ~, = ~5 = 220 ~, / = 400 112, (01( = 18 ~5, 3110‬‬
‫‪1--, = 0.‬‬
‫‪(3) ~10111 ~()5. (7-99), (7-100), 3110 (7-103), 10.~ 0,,,~1,,,0113~~ 15 ~~ = 0 3110‬‬
‫‪~, = ~~ = ~, = 220~.‬‬ ‫‪~10111 ~(). (7-94), 10.~ 111111-0111~()1111~01~111‬‬
‫‪~1,,,~5‬‬

‫~‪~,.‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪(4‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫((‪(0‬‬
‫~‬
‫()‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪3110 ~ ~ (450‬‬ ‫)‪18/220‬‬ ‫‪= 36.8 ~~.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~1001 ~(). (7-92), 10.~ 11~3)( 1~50113111~011~111‬‬

‫‪~0.1~0. ~1,,,~5111011~1311~~,~~, = 14.94 ~11.‬‬

‫‪1,, = 1.8 )( 450 - 450 = 220‬‬
‫‪1-~1~ = 40 ~~.‬‬

‫‪/40‬‬
‫‪~1--,,,‬‬

‫‪)( 40)/450‬‬
‫‪(~) ~1001 ~(). (7-94), 015~0.31~111~1101~, (. = (220‬‬ ‫‪= 19.56 ~5, 110111‬‬
‫‪~(). (7-95), 1~~0.31~111~1101~,‬‬ ‫‪(,‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪= (220‬‬ ‫‪40)/450 = 19.56 ~5, 3110 110111~(). (7-96),‬‬
‫‪)( 2‬‬
‫‪1013111111~,(,/ = 19.56‬‬ ‫‪= 39.12 ~5. ~1001 ~(). (7-106), 1~501131111~,,,~153111111~,‬‬
‫‪(,‬‬ ‫‪)( 40) )( 10-6)1/2‬‬
‫‪= ,,-((14.94‬‬ ‫‪= 76.8 ~5‬‬
‫‪~10111 ~(). (7-107),‬‬ ‫‪0(11)/ ~)/~1~, /(,,,.0 = (,/ = 0.0307.‬‬
‫‪10.~ 11111110111111‬‬ ‫‪~10111~(). (7-108),‬‬
‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫‪01111111111111‬‬ ‫‪011111111‬‬ ‫‪,,,0113~~,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪)( 220 + 0.5‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪39.12‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪10-6‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪~0(,,,.0) = 0.0307‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪220‬‬ ‫~ ‪400 = 6.75 + 3.44 = 10.19‬‬
‫‪8111~~ 10.~1~ 15 110 0,,,~1~0.31~111~, 10.~1~ ~111 0~ 110 0,,,~1~0.31~111~ 11~1100, 3110 10.~ 0,,,~1-‬‬
‫‪~0.31~111~ 3110 11110~1~0.31~111~ 1101~, (~ = (5 = 0. ~10111 ~(). (7-109),‬‬ ‫‪10.~ (13)(11111101 0(11)/‬‬
‫‪~)/~1~, /(,,,0. = 1 - ((,/ + (~ + (5)/ = 0.984, 311011001 ~(). (7-110),‬‬ ‫‪10.~ (13)(10111111011111111‬‬
‫‪,,,0113~~,‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪)( 10-6‬‬ ‫()‬
‫)‪~0(,,,3.‬‬ ‫‪= 0.984‬‬ ‫‪220‬‬ ‫‪+ 0.5‬‬ ‫‪39.12‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪220‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 216.48 + 3.44 = 219.92‬‬

‫‪58~. 7-7‬‬ ‫‪209‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪5011..‬‬ ‫‪111011~1311~~ ()13)15 3 5181116~3111‬‬ ‫~‪..01‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ 0()~..311011‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪~110()()~..,‬‬
‫~‪3110 11115 111011~1311~~ 51101110 0‬‬ ‫~‪35 5111311 35 ()055101‬‬ ‫~‪10 1111111 111~ 1..31151~111 ..,01138‬‬
‫~‪~1111111 311 3~~~()1301‬‬ ‫‪1~..,~1.‬‬ ‫‪11 15 ~..,10~111 1..001‬‬ ‫‪~()..‬‬ ‫)‪(7-100‬‬ ‫‪11131 111~ ~00101111311011‬‬
‫‪~3()3~110..‬‬ ‫‪15 0..,~..~113..8~0‬‬ ‫~~‪011~ 10 111~ 5011..‬‬ ‫~~‪111011~1311‬‬
‫‪1-.0 3110 111~ 5~011~011011~10..‬‬
‫‪0~..,1~~5‬‬ ‫‪~01110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 51101~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10 11115 ~3()3~110..‬‬ ‫‪..,01138~.‬‬ ‫~‪11111~ 011111011101 ..,3111~ 01111‬‬
‫~~‪5011..‬‬ ‫‪111011~1311~~ ~3111101 0~ 8113..3111~~0,‬‬ ‫‪311 111()111 1111~.. 15 ..~().111..~0.‬‬ ‫‪111 ()..3~11~31‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪5)151~015,‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 51..3)1111011~1311‬‬ ‫‪31~3)15‬‬ ‫‪~)(1515 3110 115 ..,3111~ 0~()~1105‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ 1)1()~ 01‬‬
‫~‪~1..1118 3110 111~ 13)10111 01111‬‬ ‫‪~001()011~1115.‬‬ ‫‪111~..~10..~,‬‬ ‫‪1-$111 ~()..‬‬ ‫)‪(7-100‬‬ ‫~‪1135 3111111‬‬
‫‪..,3111~ 3110 111~ ~3()3~110..‬‬ ‫‪8~15 0..,~..~113..8~0.‬‬
‫~‪011‬‬ ‫~~‪10 111011~1311‬‬ ‫‪1-$ 3110‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪1)1‬‬ ‫‪111 ~18.‬‬ ‫‪7-11,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~3()3~110..‬‬ ‫‪3150‬‬ ‫‪8~15‬‬
‫‪(1110~..~113..8~0‬‬ ‫‪3110 11115 (13)1 ~3(15~ ~00101111311011‬‬ ‫‪()..001~01‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪~110()()~...‬‬ ‫‪~().11311011‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(7 -20‬‬ ‫‪11101~31~5 11131111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪..1()()1~ ~11‬‬ ‫‪~11115 311111..,~..5~ 11111~11011 011030‬‬ ‫~~‪111011~1311‬‬
‫‪3110 ~110()()1118‬‬ ‫‪1..~().11~11~)1.‬‬ ‫(‪1-1~11~~ 111~ ()~31‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬ ‫‪~111 15 0~()~110~111‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ 1030‬‬
‫‪111011~1311~~.‬‬ ‫‪111~..~10..~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ()~..10..01311~~5‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪~110()()~..‬‬ ‫~‪3..‬‬ ‫‪3150‬‬ ‫‪1111111~11~~0 0)1‬‬
‫‪111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪111011~1311~~.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪501001111118‬‬ ‫‪~1101(~ 15 110..01(11)1‬‬ ‫‪115~0 111 5~..1~5 ~1111 111~ 1030‬‬
‫‪10 110111 111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪..1()()1~ ~11‬‬ ‫‪~111.‬‬

‫~‪~)(801()1‬‬ ‫‪7-9‬‬
‫(‪1( 111~ 5(1~~1)1111 .6)(3111~1~ 7-81135 3111110(1~1311~~ 0‬‬
‫(‪1.. = 4 /-11-1,0~1~(111111~ 111~ (3) ~~3/‬‬
‫‪~3~3~110( ~01138~, ~~~ (0) 3~311301~ 111(11-0(( 11111~, 1,,~ 3110 (~) 10131 ~011111111131101111111~,‬‬
‫‪1(/.‬‬

‫((‪801111100 1. = 425 ..4..,1,,, = 450 ..4.., ~. = 220 ~, 1 = 4001-12, 10‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪/-11-1,3110 ~ = 40 /-1~.‬‬
‫~~ ‪(3) ~(0111.6(). (7-100), 0~~(~01138~,‬‬
‫‪= 450‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪= 18 /-15, 1.. = 4‬‬

‫‪~4/40 = 142.3~.‬‬
‫~‪(7-99), ~~3/( ~3~3~110(, ~~ = 220 + 142.3 = 362.3 ~ 3110 ((0111 .6(). (7-103), 3~311301‬‬
‫‪~0111111111311011‬‬ ‫‪~01138~, ~0 = 220 - 142.3 = 77.7.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~(0111 .6(). (7-94), 3~311301~ 111(11-0((11111~,1,,‬‬
‫‪= (77.7‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪~(0111.6().‬‬

‫‪40)/450 = 6.9/-15.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~(0111 .6(). (7-95), (~~113(8111811111~,10 = (220 )( 40)/450‬‬
‫‪= 19.56/-153110 ((0111‬‬
‫‪.6(). (7-96), ~0111111111311011‬‬ ‫‪11111~,1(/ 6.0 + 19.56‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 26.46 /-15.‬‬
‫‪1-/01~. 111~ 111(11-0(( (~()111(~111~111‬‬‫~‪0( 111~ 1113111111)1(1510(15 19 /-15, ~11~(~35 111‬‬
‫‪3~311301~ 111(11-0((11111~150111)16.9 /-15. 111~(~(0(~, 3 ~0111111111311011‬‬‫‪(31111(~~01110 0~~11(.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪11115 ()..001~01‬‬ ‫‪0111110~..~113..81118‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ ..~01~01~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1..~()13~1118‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪1)1 ~1111111)1..1510..‬‬

‫‪13,‬‬ ‫‪35 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~18.‬‬ ‫‪7-14.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 3..,311301‬‬ ‫‪111..11-0111101~,‬‬ ‫‪(~, ~00101111311011‬‬ ‫‪1101~,‬‬ ‫‪(€/,‬‬
‫~‪3110 111~ 0..,‬‬ ‫~‪,01138‬‬ ‫‪0~()~110‬‬ ‫(‪011 111~ ()~31‬‬ ‫~‪..,3111~ 01111‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬ ‫~‪~111 ..3111~.. 111311 111‬‬
‫~‪3..,~..38‬‬ ‫‪..,3111~.‬‬ ‫‪111 3 8000‬‬ ‫‪~110()()~..,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~00101111311011‬‬ ‫‪1101~,‬‬ ‫‪(€/, 51101110 10~(11)1‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪1110~()~110~111‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬ ‫‪~111.‬‬ ‫‪(€/ ~01110‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪0130‬‬ ‫‪1~55 0~()~110~111‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ 1030‬‬
‫‪~11‬‬ ‫‪~111 0)1 3001118‬‬ ‫‪311 31111()3..311~1‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪1)1 3~..055‬‬ ‫‪111~ 013111 111)1..1510.. 35 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬
‫‪~18.‬‬ ‫‪7-14‬‬ ‫‪0)103511~0‬‬ ‫‪1111~5.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪0100111~0‬‬ ‫~‪..,~..51011 01111‬‬ ‫‪~1..~111115 5110~11111‬‬ ‫‪~18.‬‬ ‫‪7-15,‬‬
‫~‪~11~..‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~113..8‬‬ ‫‪..~..,~..531‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪~3()3~110..‬‬ ‫~‪15 0011‬‬ ‫‪1110~()~110~1111)1‬‬ ‫‪01 013111 111)1..1510..‬‬

‫‪210‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪~~--‬‬
‫‪0,‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫'‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪,,.‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫‪0,,,‬‬

‫~‪..)~0..‬‬ ‫‪7-14‬‬ ‫‪1)11~015~-~0)11)110131~(/‬‬ ‫~~(‪111‬‬

‫‪111~(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪~110~~~(.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫(‪0)1 11(111~ 111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪13.‬‬ ‫~(~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪(1(~ ~01.1( ~055101‬‬ ‫‪(110~~5‬‬ ‫‪(111~ 111~1( ~().1.11~(11~111‬‬
‫‪~1(~1.1115 (1(~ 5110~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪7-16.‬‬
‫~~‪~0‬‬ ‫~~‪1 0~~1115 ~11~11 111~ (11(1111111)1(1510( 11 15 ~1(~~ (111~ 111~ 10(1~ 15 ~01111~~1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪10 111~ 51.1~~1)1.‬‬ ‫(‪111)1(1510‬‬ ‫~‪13 (11(1)1 0~ ~1(~~ (11 111~ 5(1(11~ 11(11~ (15 11 10 (~~~(5‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~11(1(~~ 011 ~(1~(1~110(~.‬‬ ‫‪1~ 11115 ~11(1(~~ (~~~(5(1115‬‬ ‫‪~011~ 111~~~~11~~1111)1,‬‬ ‫‪111~ (111111(111.1(11‬‬
‫~~‪01.11~1.11 ~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪~01.11‬‬ ‫‪1101 0~ 11(1111~~ ~1.1~ 10 111~ (~5011(1111 (~~~(5(11‬‬ ‫~‪(15 111 111~ ~(15~ 0‬‬
‫(~~~‪~1(1551~(11 ~110‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪7-11.‬‬
‫~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪2 0~~1115‬‬ ‫(‪~11~11 ~0(11(111.11(111011 111)1(1510‬‬ ‫~~(‪12 15 11‬‬ ‫(‪(111~ ~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫‪~ ~15-‬‬
‫‪~11(1(~~5‬‬ ‫‪(111~ (~~11(1(~~5‬‬ ‫~~‪111(01.1~11 111~ 10(1~ (11 (1 ((11~ ~~1~((11111‬‬ ‫~‪0)1111‬‬ ‫‪10(1~ ~1.1((~111.‬‬
‫~~‪~0‬‬ ‫(‪3 0~~1115 ~11~11 111~ ~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫~~~(‪15 (~~11(1‬‬ ‫~~‪10 111~ 51.1~~1)1 ~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪(111~ 111‬‬
‫~‪~(~~~11~~1111‬‬ ‫~~‪~10‬‬ ‫‪/),.,‬‬ ‫‪51(1(15 ~011~1.1~1111~.‬‬ ‫~~‪01.1(111~ 11115 (110‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫‪0~~(-‬‬
‫~~(‪~11(1(~~5 ~1.1~ 10 111~ ~11~(~)1 510‬‬ ‫‪111111~ 501.1(~~ 111~1.1~1(111~~, 1.5, (111~ 111~ 10(1~ ~1.1((~111‬‬
‫‪~~~(1)15‬‬ ‫‪111(01.1~11 /),.,.‬‬ ‫~~‪11115 (110‬‬ ‫~‪~11~5 ~11~11 111~ 0~~(~11(1(~111‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 (~~1.1~~5‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪2~(0.‬‬

‫~~‪~10‬‬

‫)‪(7 -103‬‬
‫~~‪~0‬‬

‫‪(1~~11~(101~.‬‬
‫‪/),.,‬‬
‫~‪~11111‬‬
‫‪4 0~~1115‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬
‫(‪~11~11 111~ 111)1(1510‬‬
‫‪~01111111.1~5 10 ~011~1.1~1 (111~ 111~ 10(1~ ~1.1((~111 ~~~(1)15.‬‬
‫(~~~‪~().1.1(1110115 ~0( 111~ ~1(1551~(11 ~110‬‬
‫(‪(1(~ ~(111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪11115 ~110~~~(,‬‬
‫~~‪(1~(111(101~ ~0(11(111.11(111011 ~011(1‬‬
‫‪12 510~5‬‬

‫~~‪(111~ (110‬‬
‫‪~)(~~~1‬‬
‫‪~011~1.1~1111~.‬‬

‫‪13().5. (7-101),‬‬
‫(~~~‪4 0~ 111~ ~1(1551~(11 ~110‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪~(~~~11~~1111‬‬

‫‪(7-102),‬‬ ‫~‪(111‬‬
‫‪15 1101‬‬

‫~~ ‪~~ = ~.., = ~5 +‬‬ ‫)‪(7-111‬‬

‫‪111~ (~5011(1111 (~~~(5(1115‬‬ ‫‪111~~~~11~~111‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ (11(1111111)1(1510( (111~ 111~ (111111(111.1(11‬‬
‫(~~~‪011-11(11~ 0~ 111~ ~110‬‬ ‫‪15 1101 11(1111~~.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0(11(111.11(111011 11(11~ 15 ~~-‬‬
‫‪~~11~~111‬‬ ‫~‪011 111~ 10(1‬‬ ‫‪(111~ 111~ 111~11-~(~().1.1~11~)1 0~~((111011‬‬ ‫‪15 11(1111~~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(~~~‪~110‬‬
‫~~‪~1(~1.111 ~(1111101 0~ 1~51‬‬ ‫‪~111101.11 ~01111~~1111~ 111~ 10(1~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪.,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪(.,.‬‬ ‫‪~,.1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~8‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫‪.3‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪0,,,‬‬
‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪0,/0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~(.,,,,‬‬ ‫~‪..)~0..‬‬ ‫‪7-15‬‬ ‫‪1)11~015~-~0)11)110131~(/‬‬
‫‪.2‬‬ ‫(~~~‪~110‬‬ ‫‪111110(/~~~0(/~01‬‬ ‫‪~113(~~ (~...~(-‬‬
‫‪531.‬‬

‫‪56~.‬‬ ‫‪7-7‬‬ ‫‪211‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪,.,0081‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪+ ~-‬‬ ‫‪~,,,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪0,,,‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‬

‫‪0~~1311011‬‬
‫‪~1/5. 7-18.‬‬

‫‪10 10~ 1030.‬‬

‫~‪~00‬‬

‫~‪~00‬‬
‫‪~3~3~11011~~~15~5‬‬
‫‪0)1‬‬

‫~‪~0~1‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1~50113111 ~1115~ ~00~~~1‬‬
‫‪011, 10~ ~3~3~110115‬‬

‫‪1015‬‬
‫‪~031/5~0‬‬
‫‪~311 0~ 01~10~0‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~3~~1011115‬‬
‫‪1 0~/51115 ~0~11‬‬
‫~‪11100‬‬
‫‪2 0~/51115 ~0~11‬‬
‫~‪115 ~031/5‬‬
‫‪15 500~11‬‬
‫~‪10 3 ~0113/5‬‬
‫‪11110 11~~ 11100~5‬‬
‫‪111 ~1/5. 7-17.‬‬

‫)‪1113111 10)1115101 1‬‬

‫‪15 ~3110‬‬ ‫( ‪101‬‬

‫‪101011/50‬‬
‫‪/(1.‬‬

‫‪~,‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪~0111111111311011 10)1115101‬‬
‫‪~0 101011/501-,,,,‬‬

‫‪101 ~1111~1115 3110 ~0113/5~5‬‬

‫‪1-,,,, 3110 12.‬‬

‫‪~5‬‬

‫‪3110 10~ ~~111~31~111‬‬

‫‪15 111~0‬‬

‫‪(0,,, = 1~ 1-,,,~. ~11~111111~,( = (, = 10~ 1-,,,~, 10~ ~3~3~1101 ~0113/5~151~~~15~0‬‬

‫‪50011 35 10~ 511~~1)115‬‬
‫‪1)1,‬‬

‫‪31~ 500~11‬‬
‫~‪3110 10‬‬

‫‪12 15 111~0.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪3110 1030.‬‬
‫‪~11~11115 31~ 500~11‬‬
‫‪111 ~1/5. 7-19.‬‬
‫‪5~11~0~0‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬

‫‪511~~1)1 15 ~01111~~1~0‬‬

‫)‪1~~~(53‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪~11~1111‬‬

‫‪~0111111111311011‬‬
‫‪~1111~11115 /51~~11‬‬

‫)‪(7-112‬‬

‫)‪(7-113‬‬
‫‪111‬‬

‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~0.‬‬ ‫‪110~~~~1,‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1~5011311105~1)1311011~011111111~5‬‬

‫‪101011/50 0100~ 1)1.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫()‪~~3‬‬ ‫‪1~50113111‬‬ ‫‪~1111~111, /,,,‬‬ ‫‪1111151 0~ /51~31~1‬‬ ‫‪10311 )030‬‬ ‫~‪~1111~111 /,,, 3110 10‬‬ ‫‪~11~1111 15‬‬
‫‪1101(113)))1 0~51/511~0‬‬ ‫‪101 3 13110‬‬ ‫‪011,,//,,,‬‬ ‫‪1.5.‬‬
‫=‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪.1‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~,.1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪0,‬‬
‫‪~~0‬‬
‫‪~0,,,‬‬ ‫‪(0‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~,,,‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪-.,0‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~.2‬‬

‫‪212‬‬
 ‫‪).‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫=‬ ‫‪~.,,‬‬ ‫‪(...‬‬ ‫‪,1‬‬
‫‪.,‬‬ ‫‪~.,,‬‬
‫‪(...‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪~,.,‬‬ ‫‪~+‬‬ ‫‪,.,‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫)‪....‬‬
‫)‪....‬‬ ‫‪1~.‬‬
‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪,3‬‬

‫‪~0091‬‬ ‫‪~0092‬‬

‫‪(...+ (...,,‬‬ ‫‪0,‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~.,,‬‬
‫~‪+1-=7‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪,.,‬‬
‫‪+1 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫)‪....‬‬

‫‪~0093‬‬ ‫‪~0094‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(... + (...,, 8‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫‪~.,,‬‬ ‫‪~.,,‬‬
‫~‪+~.‬‬
‫‪~0.,,‬‬ ‫‪~,.,‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫)‪....‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫)‪....‬‬
‫‪0.,,‬‬

‫‪~0095‬‬ ‫‪~0096‬‬

‫‪..1~0~~ 7-18‬‬ ‫‪~()01~31~111~1~~0115‬‬

‫~‪(0‬‬ ‫‪~0(/~5.‬‬

‫~‪~00‬‬ ‫‪3 0~~1118 ~0.~11‬‬ ‫‪12 18 8~1~-~011111101(11~0‬‬ ‫(‪(1110 10.~ ~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫‪018~0.(1(~~8‬‬ ‫~‪00‬‬
‫‪10 (~8011(1111‬‬ ‫‪08~111(16011‬‬ ‫‪10.(00~0.‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪/)1.‬‬ ‫‪10.18‬‬ ‫~‪11100‬‬ ‫‪~1108‬‬ ‫‪~0.~11‬‬ ‫(‪10.~ ~(1~(1~110‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~0((~111‬‬ ‫‪(18~8 10 10.~ 1~~~1 0~ 1,,.,.‬‬
‫‪~(0111 0 10 1,,., (1110 10.(11 10.~ ~0((~111‬‬
‫‪11111~ 00((16011‬‬ ‫~‪~0( 10.18 11100‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫~‪~880111111‬‬
‫(‪0~ 10.~(1810‬‬
‫~‪10.(1110.‬‬ ‫(‪~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111‬‬
‫~‪11 ~(1118 ~(0111 1,,., 10 0 111 6111~ (.0 10.‬‬
‫~‪(18~8 1111~(1(1‬‬

‫)‪(7-114‬‬

‫‪(.1,,.,‬‬ ‫_‬ ‫‪17‬‬

‫‪.,‬‬
‫~‪1.-,,.,1‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪0 -‬‬ ‫)‪(7-115‬‬
‫~‪2‬‬ ‫‪2~~0‬‬

‫~‪~00‬‬ ‫‪4 0~~1118‬‬ ‫‪~0.~11‬‬ ‫‪10.~ ~0((~111‬‬ ‫‪10.(00~0.‬‬ ‫‪11 ~(1118 10 2~(0.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫(‪~(1~(1~110‬‬
‫‪~0116110~8‬‬ ‫~~(‪10 018~0.(1‬‬ ‫‪10.(00~0.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 10(10‬‬ ‫‪(11 (1 ((11~ 0~1~(111111~0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ ~~(1‬‬ ‫‪10(10‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~0((~111.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫~~‪(1~(111(101~ 10(11-0‬‬ ‫‪6111~,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫(‬ ‫~‪~1‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪=-‬‬ ‫)‪(7-116‬‬
‫‪1,,.,‬‬

‫‪10.~ 6111~ (~~01(~0‬‬ ‫‪~0( 10.~ ~(1~(1~110( 10 (~~0.(1(~~ 10 10.~ 80~~1~ ~011(1~~,‬‬

‫(‬ ‫~‪~5‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪=-‬‬ ‫)‪(7-117‬‬
‫‪1,,.,‬‬

‫‪58~. 7-7‬‬ ‫‪213‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪/ /‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪/ / /‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪- - - - - -‬‬ ‫~~ ‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪~-~.-~~~~~.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪-----‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪~00‬‬
‫‪/‬‬

‫~‪5 0~~108 ~11~0 111~ 1..~~~11~~110~ 0100~ /),,, 81(1..18 ~000~~110‬‬

‫‪10(10 ~~ ~01 0~~(1~8 111..0~~11 /),,,.‬‬
‫~‪(100 111‬‬
‫~~‪111~ ~0~..~~ 810..~0 10 ~00101~1(11100 100~~1(10‬‬
‫‪1.,,,, (100 80~..~~ 100~~1(10~~ 1.,. 18 1..(1081~ ~0 10 ~(1~(1~110..~.‬‬ ‫= ‪~11~.. 1101~, (.‬‬
‫‪~~(1.,.‬‬ ‫‪+ 1.,,,,)~,‬‬ ‫~~ ~‪111~ 0.,,~..~11(1..~10‬‬ ‫‪~01 0~~001~8‬‬ ‫‪2~..0 (100 111~ ~(1~(1~110.. 18 ..~-‬‬
‫‪~11(1..~~0 10‬‬

‫)‪(7-118‬‬

‫‪1. )1-.‬‬ ‫‪1-,‬‬ ‫)‪(7-119‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫~~‬ ‫~‬

‫~‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪~00‬‬ ‫‪6 0~~108 ~11~0 111~0.,,~..~11(1..~10~ 18 ~001~1~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪/)1 1~..08 011.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~~ ‪10(10‬‬ ‫‪~01 ~00110~~8‬‬ ‫~‪10 0~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪~0111111‬‬ ‫‪01(110 111~..1810.. 18 ..~11..~0‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 0~)(1 ~~~1~.‬‬
‫~‪10 111~ 81~(10~-81(11‬‬ ‫‪~00011100‬‬ ‫= ~‪11‬‬ ‫~‪11..,. 111~ (1.,,~..(1~~ 0~1~~1 .,,011(1~~ 18 ~1.,,~0 0‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪110‬‬ ‫))‪(11./(1 + 11.((. + (..,) + 0.5(,/(111 + 11.‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫)‪(7-120‬‬
‫))‪= 11./( + 1(((. + (..,)11.+ 0.5((/(111 + 11.‬‬

‫‪214‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫)‪(7-121‬‬
‫‪1)11~ 10 ~0111111111(11100 0~ (1 (~500(101‬‬ ‫‪.,1115~,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (~~~(5‬‬ ‫(‪0.1/0.( 0( 111~(1510‬‬ ‫‪11 15‬‬

‫(‪1111111~0 0~ 10011~10‬‬ ‫‪1-,,,, (100 11115 15 (1150 ~00~0‬‬ ‫‪(15 50/( ~0111111/,/,((1(1011. 111~ (~500(101‬‬
‫‪(~~~(5(1115‬‬ ‫‪100~.,~00~01‬‬ ‫‪0( 111~(1510( 11.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10011~1(10~~,‬‬ ‫‪1-,,,, 0~~(~11(1(~~5‬‬
‫(‪~(1.,(1~110‬‬ ‫‪~ 300‬‬ ‫‪11115 ~01110‬‬ ‫~‪10~(~(15‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪((1110~5‬‬ ‫‪0( 111~ ~0111.,00~015.‬‬ ‫(~‪~(1‬‬
‫(‪111~(1510‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪15 (1(~0,‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~(1.,(1~110‬‬ ‫‪11(15 10‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(5‬‬ ‫~~(‪115 ~11(1‬‬ ‫~(‪0~(0‬‬ ‫~‪111(010‬‬ ‫((‪0‬‬

‫(‪111~(1510‬‬ ‫‪11.‬‬ ‫~(~‪111‬‬ ‫‪15 (10 1011~(~01‬‬ ‫~‪0~1(1‬‬ ‫‪10 ~011111111131100‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪11115 1/111115 111~ 11110-‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪11111111100-11111‬‬ ‫‪0( 111~ ~110.,.,~(.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0111111111(11100 11111~ 15 0~.,~00~01‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(10.‬‬

‫~)‪~~301.,‬‬ ‫‪7-10‬‬

‫~‪~11 11101.1~11.,,~1030 11131 15 ~0111(011~0 0)1111~ ~110~~~( 111~18. 7-17 (~()1.11(~5 311 3.,,~(38‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111, 1. = 425 ~ ~11113 ~~3.. ~1.1((~111, 1,,, = 450~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 51.1~~1)1.,,01138~, ~5 = 220...,,,.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~110~~1118 ~(~()1.1~11~)1, ,. = 400 112, ~01111111.1131101111101.1~1311~~, 1-,,, = 8 ~11, 3110‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~01111111.11311011‬‬‫‪~3~3~11311~~, ~ = 40 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪1~ 111~ 501.1(~~ 11101.1~1311~~(111~11.101118111~ 51(3)1‬‬
‫‪11101.1~1311~~)151-5 = 4 ~11, 0~1~(111111~ 111~ (3) ~~3.. (~50113111 ~1.1((~111, 1,,~ (0) ~~3.. 1030‬‬
‫‪.,,01138~, ~~~ (~) 11.1(11-0~ 11111~, (~~ 3110 (0) 11111111111.1111‬‬
‫‪3110 1113)(11111.1111‬‬
‫‪01.11~1.11.,,01138~.‬‬

‫~(‪80)01100 111~ (~.,,~(51118 11111~,‬‬ ‫~~ =‬ ‫‪= 56.2 ~5. ~(0111 ~(). (7-119), 0.,,~(-‬‬
‫‪.,,01138~, ~~ = 450 ~(8 + 4)/40‬‬ ‫(‪246.5...,,, 3110 ~(0111~(). (7-118), ~~3.. ~3~3~110‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪.,,01138~, ~0 = ~~ = 220 + 246.5‬‬ ‫‪...,,,.‬‬
‫‪= 466.5‬‬
‫‪(3) ~(0111 ~(). (7-112),1,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪466.5 ~40/8 = 1043.1 ~.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~(0111 ~(). (7-114),‬‬ ‫~‪(~ = 8 )( 450/466.5 = 7.72 ~5 3110 ~(0111~(). (7-115), 111‬‬
‫‪~~3.. 1030 .,,01138~,‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪450‬‬ ‫‪450‬‬ ‫‪...,,,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪57.2‬‬
‫‪~1 = 466.5‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪466.5‬‬
‫‪11111~,(~ = 423.1 )( 40/450 = 37.6 ~5.‬‬
‫~~‪(~) ~(0111 ~(). (7-116), 111~11.1(11-0‬‬
‫‪(0) ~(0111 ~(). (7-117), (0 = 220 )( 40/450 = 19.6 ~5 3110 (4 = 37.6 + 19.6‬‬
‫‪~5.‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 ~().‬‬ ‫‪(7-121),‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1113)(11111.1111‬‬
‫‪01.11)1~)1~1~,‬‬
‫‪= 423.1‬‬

‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪10~6‬‬

‫=‬

‫)‪/(,,,.. = 1 - (57.2 + 7.72 + 56.2‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪= 0.952‬‬

‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪/( = /(,,,..,‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬ ‫)‪(7-120‬‬ ‫‪81.,,~5 111~ 1113)(11111.1111‬‬
‫‪01.11~1.11.,,01138~,‬‬

‫)‪~0(,,,..) = 220 )( 0.952 + 400((56.2 + 7.72‬‬ ‫()‬

‫‪220 + 0.5‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪57.2‬‬

‫‪= 209.4 + 12.98 = 223.4...,,,‬‬

‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪10~6‬‬
‫))‪(423.1 + 220‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪11111111111.1111‬‬
‫~‪01.11~1.11 .,,01138‬‬ ‫(‪(~0‬‬ ‫= (‪/‬‬ ‫‪0),‬‬ ‫)‪~0(,,,10‬‬ ‫‪12.98...,,,.‬‬
‫=‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪111310 (~().111(~111~01‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~51~0‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪~01111111.11(11100 ~1(~1.111 15 10‬‬ ‫~‪.,(0~10‬‬ ‫‪(10‬‬
‫((‪(10~().11(11~ 111(0-0‬‬ ‫(‪11111~ 10 5~11~11111~ 111(110 111~(1510‬‬ ‫‪0((.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (10(11~5~5 0( 111~ 11100‬‬
‫(~‪~().11(111005 (0( 111~ ~1(1551~(11 ~110.,.,‬‬ ‫‪10 5~~1100‬‬ ‫‪7-7.1‬‬ ‫‪(100 (~500(101‬‬ ‫(~‪.,1115~ ~110.,.,‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪5~~1100‬‬ ‫‪7-7.4‬‬ ‫~‪5110‬‬ ‫((‪111(11111~ 111(0-0‬‬ ‫‪11111~ 0~.,~005‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪0( ~011111111131100‬‬
‫(‪~(1.,(1~110‬‬ ‫‪~0.‬‬
‫‪1115‬‬ ‫(~‪11111~11 51111.,1‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪0~51~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0111111111(11100‬‬ ‫(‪~1(~11111‬‬ ‫~~(‪111~ 5011‬‬ ‫~~‪10011~1(10‬‬

‫‪58~. 7-8‬‬ ‫‪215‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪~3.11 0‬‬ ‫‪11~~1~~1~0‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 103.0‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 18 1101 111~11.‬‬ ‫(~‪131.11 111 111~ ~3.8~ 01111~11‬‬ ‫‪103.0‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111, 81(3.)111101.1~13.11~~8,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 3.(~ 3.1~3.)18 ~(~8~111‬‬ ‫‪111 ~(3.~11~3.1‬‬ ‫‪8)181~1118, ~13.)1 3.‬‬
‫‪81~11111~3.111 ~3.(1111‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0~81~11 01111‬‬ ‫‪~01111111.113.11011~1(~1.111 0~~3.1.18~ 111~ ~11~(~)1 810(~0‬‬
‫‪111 111~ ~1(~1.111 11101.1~13.11~~ 111~(~3.8~8‬‬ ‫~‪3.8 111~ 8().1.13.(~ 0~ 111~ ~~3.‬‬ ‫‪103.0‬‬ ‫‪(1.1((~111.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~~(‪801.1‬‬ ‫‪11101.1~13.11~~ 1113.)(~8 111~ 0~81~11‬‬ ‫‪~((1.13.110118 110111111~3.( 3.110 3.11 11~(3.11..,~ 111~11100‬‬
‫‪01 8011.111011 18 (~((1.11(~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 0~1~(111111‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~01111111.113.11011~0111~011~1118.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪..,0113.‬‬
‫‪81(~88~8‬‬ ‫(~~‪011 111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪0~..,1~~8‬‬ ‫‪0~~~110‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ 801.1(~~ 11101.1~13.11~~ 3.110 103.0‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111.‬‬
‫~(~‪111‬‬ ‫‪3.(~ 110 11)(~0‬‬ ‫(‪(1.11~8 10‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~81~11‬‬ ‫(~~~‪01 3. ~110‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.111 3.110 111~ 0~81~11‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪..,3.(1~8 ~1111 111~ 1)1~~8‬‬ ‫‪01 ~1(~1.1118 1.18~0.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(~‪0~81~11‬‬ ‫~‪113.8 3. ~10‬‬ ‫~~‪(3.11‬‬ ‫~~‪01 ~1101‬‬
‫‪3.110 111~ ..,3.11.1~8 01‬‬ ‫~‪1.,,,,‬‬ ‫‪~0111~011~1118‬‬ ‫~(‪3.‬‬ ‫‪111111.1~11~~0 0)1 111~ 0~81~11~(,8‬‬ ‫~~‪~1101‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫‪111)1(1810(8,‬‬ ‫‪~~3.)( (~80113.111 (~..,~(83.1‬‬ ‫~‪~1.1((~111, 3.110 ~~3.)( 3.110~3.01‬‬ ‫‪..,0113.~~ 01111~ ~1(~1.111.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪..,0113.‬‬ ‫~‪3.110 ~1.1((~111 (3.1111~8 01 111~ 1.,,,,‬‬ ‫‪~0111~011~1118‬‬ ‫‪3.110 0~..,1~~8‬‬ ‫~‪~1..,~ 111‬‬
‫‪11111111111.1111‬‬
‫‪11111118, 01.11111~ 3.~11.13.1 8~1~~11011 01 ~0111~011~1118‬‬ ‫‪3.110 0~..,1~~8‬‬ ‫~‪18 1~11 10 111‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(~‪0~81~11‬‬ ‫‪03.8~0‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ ~011810~(3.110118‬‬ ‫‪01 ~(1~~,‬‬ ‫‪3...,3.113.01111)1, 3.110 83.1~1)11113.(~111.‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬
‫‪~~11~(3.1,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 10110~111‬‬ ‫‪81~~8‬‬ ‫~‪3.(~ 111..,01..,~0 111 111~ 0~81~11‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫~‪10~11111)1111‬‬ ‫‪11100~8‬‬ ‫‪01 0~~(3.11011‬‬ ‫(~~~‪10( 111~ ~110‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.111.‬‬

‫‪2.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~(111111‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~((1.11..,3.1~111 ~1(~1.1118 10‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11100~8.‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~(111111‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1.1((~1118 3.110 ..,0113.~~8‬‬ ‫‪10( 111~ 11100~8‬‬ ‫‪3.110 111~1( ~3...,~10(1118.‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪5..,3.11.13.1~ 111~ ..,3.11.1~8 01 ~01111111.113.11011~0111~011~1118‬‬ ‫~‪1.,,,,‬‬ ‫‪1113.1 ~01.110‬‬ ‫‪83.1181)1‬‬
‫‪111~ 0~81~11 11111118.‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~(111111‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ..,0113.‬‬ ‫‪3.110 ~1.1((~111 (3.1111~ (~((1.11(~111~1118 01 3.11 ~0111~011~1118‬‬
‫‪3.110 0~..,1~~8.‬‬

‫‪~ ~ ~3.11 11011~~ 1(0111 5((.‬‬ ‫)‪(7-7‬‬ ‫~~‪1113.1 111~ 01.11~1.11 ..,0113.‬‬ ‫‪~01113.1118 113.(1110111~8.‬‬
‫‪~11‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪01.11~1.11 1111~( 01 ~,‬‬
‫~~‪(~01.1‬‬
‫‪01 5)(3.111~1~8‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪111~ 01.11~1.11 113.(1110111~8.‬‬

‫~‪~1.1((~111 (1~~1‬‬
‫‪2-15‬‬
‫(~~~‪~110‬‬
‫‪3.110 4-12.‬‬
‫‪1.,~,‬‬ ‫~‪1., 1)1~~ 1113.)1 0‬‬

‫‪~1111 3. 111~111)1 11101.1~11..,~ 103.0‬‬

‫~‪18 11~~11~101‬‬ ‫‪(~1‬‬ ‫‪0).‬‬ ‫~‪11111‬‬
‫‪~01111~~1~0‬‬

‫‪18 8110~11‬‬
‫~~‪3...,~(3.‬‬
‫(~‪10 111~ 01.11~1.11 111 0(0‬‬
‫‪111~ 1~~11111((1.1~8 10( 1111~( 0~81~11 3.(~ 81111113.( 10 1113.1‬‬

‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪103.0‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~11118‬‬
‫‪7-203..‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫‪103.0‬‬
‫()‪1~, 111~ ~~3.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪103.0 ~1.1((~11118 1,,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪1‬‬ ‫‪+ ~1 = 1~. 111~ 111~1.11‬‬
‫~~‪~1.1((~111,~111~111801 ~1.118~08113.‬‬
‫‪3.8 8110~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪7-200,‬‬ ‫‪~01113.1118 113.(1110111~8 3.110 ~3.11 0~ ~)(~(~88~0‬‬ ‫(~‪111 ~01.1(1‬‬ ‫‪8~(1~8‬‬
‫‪3.8‬‬

‫)‪(7-122‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪0,,,‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪/(,‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬

‫~‪(0) ~~0~~6‬‬ ‫(‪~()~~60‬‬

‫‪216‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0,,,‬‬

‫‪111~ 111003111~0131‬‬ ‫‪~0111~00~01‬‬ ‫‪(11‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1010 111~ 511~~1)115‬‬ ‫‪/1)~~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1‬‬

‫)‪(7-123‬‬

‫‪10 ~13~11~~,‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪10~111 1111~1 35 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪7-21‬‬ ‫‪15 001111(11)1‬‬ ‫‪~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪1111~10111111‬‬ ‫‪~110~~~1‬‬ ‫~‪~~0~131~01131111001~5110111111‬‬ ‫‪511~~1)150111~~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~().111~31~01‬‬
‫~‪~11~1111101111‬‬ ‫‪~110~~~1-~~0~131~0‬‬ ‫‪1131111001~ ~1111~015‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪7-22,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~‪11115 ~3111~ 01111‬‬ ‫‪11111 1131111001~ ~0111~00~01‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 511~~1)115‬‬ ‫‪~31~11131~0‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪/,,5‬‬ ‫= ‪/,,0‬‬ ‫)‪(7-124‬‬
‫~~~‪1 + (21171/)21.,‬‬ ‫‪1 +‬‬ ‫‪(11///())2/,,0‬‬

‫‪~11~1~ / 15 111~ ~110~~10~ 11~().11~0~)1 300/0‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪(= 1/(271 1.,~~~)) 15 111~ 1111~1 1~500301‬‬
‫‪11~().11~0~)1. 11 (///0) / / 1, 111~ 111111131111001~~1111~0110 111~ 511~~1)1 0~~0111~5‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪/,,5 = /,,(.‬‬
‫‪/0‬‬
‫‪11/‬‬‫)(‬ ‫)‪(7-125‬‬

‫~‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪111~11 ~110~~10‬‬
‫‪11~().11~0~1~5‬‬
‫‪300‬‬
‫‪51~0315.‬‬
‫~‪11115 1113)1 ~3115‬‬

‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫~~‪50111‬‬
‫‪11~().11~0~)1‬‬
‫‪01 ~110~~~1-~~0~131~0‬‬
‫~~‪101~11~1~0‬‬
‫‪1~011~~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ 512~5‬‬
‫‪1131111001~5‬‬
‫‪~1001~1115‬‬

‫‪1135 50111~ 10011~130~~5,‬‬

‫‪01 10~111 1111~1 ~1~111~015.‬‬
‫~‪10 111~ 511~~1)1110‬‬
‫‪~1111 111~ ~001101‬‬

‫‪1.,5, 300‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~110~~~1‬‬

‫‪31~ 3150 10~1~35~0,‬‬
‫‪300‬‬
‫~‪)3111 111‬‬

‫‪~01111111101~311011‬‬

‫‪5~11~11‬‬ ‫‪35 111 ~1~.‬‬

‫‪7-13‬‬ ‫‪15 11110~0‬‬ ‫‪00,‬‬ ‫‪3 ~~11310‬‬ ‫‪3111011111 01‬‬ ‫‪~11~1~)1‬‬ ‫‪~01110‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪5101~0‬‬ ‫~~‪111 111~ 50111‬‬
‫‪10011~130~~.‬‬ ‫‪11 30‬‬ ‫‪311~111~1‬‬ ‫~‪15 11130‬‬ ‫‪10 11110 011 111~ ~110~~~1‬‬ ‫‪5~11~11,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0~~1‬‬
‫‪5~1111~00011~101‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫‪1111~1110~ 031113~~0‬‬ ‫~~‪011~ 10 111~ 111011~~0 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪1~51111111~ 110111‬‬
‫‪11115 5101~0‬‬ ‫‪~11~1~)1.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 1.,‬‬ ‫‪10~111 1111~1 ~10~10~5‬‬ ‫~~‪3 10~-1111~~0311‬‬ ‫~~‪50111‬‬ ‫~‪101 111‬‬
‫‪~110~~~1‬‬ ‫‪3~1100.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪..1~0..~ 7-22 10()01.,,31~0( ~1(~01( (0( 03(-‬‬

‫‪(0001~ ~0((~0(5.‬‬

‫~‪~,.301()1‬‬ ‫‪7-11‬‬
‫‪1( 15 ~~()1.11~~0 (0 0~51~11 (/1~ 1~~1.115~-~0~~1.1(3(~0‬‬ ‫‪(0‬‬
‫~~~~‪~/10‬‬ ‫‪111(/1~ ~1~~1.11(01 ~1~. 7-14‬‬
‫~(‪0~~~3‬‬ ‫~‪1~0‬‬ ‫~~‪3 51.1~~1~ ~01(3‬‬ ‫‪0111,‬‬ ‫‪15/,,, = 440 ~.‬‬
‫(‪= 220 ~ 3110 (/1~ ~~3/( 1030 ~1.1~~~11‬‬

‫‪$8~. 7-8‬‬ ‫‪217‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~~~~80.‬‬ ‫‪./1~0~9/1 (2‬‬

‫‪440‬‬ ‫‪----------‬‬
‫~‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪352‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬
‫‪50.01110‬‬
‫~((‪5011‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪111111111111111‬‬
‫(‪011(()11‬‬
‫‪111111(~0 (0‬‬
‫~(‪111011(((111‬‬
‫~‪111(1)(111111111(1110~(101‬‬

‫‪80111(100‬‬
‫‪220 = 11 ~.‬‬
‫~~‪~01((1‬‬
‫‪80%‬‬
‫‪15 1-,‬‬
‫~‪(0.0()()111‬‬
‫‪50.01110‬‬
‫‪01 /,,,,‬‬ ‫~‪(0.‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪1~55 (0.(111 5%‬‬
‫~‪(11(11-01111111‬‬

‫~‪1(~()11~11()1‬‬ ‫)(( ‪(1110‬‬

‫‪0111,,‬‬ ‫(‪(0.~ ()~(1/‬‬
‫(‪(~()111(~111~11‬‬
‫~‪= 4 /1-1-1. ))~(~(111111~ (0.~ ((1) ~(1111~5 011-,,,‬‬
‫= ~( ‪15‬‬

‫‪((11111~5 01 (0111()011~11(5‬‬

‫() ‪11, = 220 ~, /,,, = 440 ~, (~ = 25 /1-5, 1-, = 4 /1-1-1, (1110 110(01.0) = 0.05‬‬
‫‪10.~ ~(1~~10(1115 10( (0.~ ~(1(10115 (11((~11(5 (1110 ((1()(1(1(0( ~01((1~~ (1(~ 50.0~11‬‬
‫(‪(~5011(111‬‬ ‫(‪(11((~11‬‬

‫~‪25 /1-5, (1110 (0.‬‬

‫)‪(0111()011~11(5~ (0‬‬
‫‪(1110 0~~1(~5.‬‬

‫‪111~1~. 7-23.‬‬
‫‪((1) ~(0111 ~()5. (7-94),‬‬ ‫‪(7-99),‬‬ ‫‪(1110 (7-100),‬‬ ‫‪(0.~ (11(11-011 (1111~ 15‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪110‬‬ ‫~ ‪1-,‬‬ ‫~‪11,‬‬
‫‪= ( 11 +,,,/‬‬ ‫‪= / ,,, + .~ ~1...,,---‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫=‪(~/‬‬ ‫‪,,,‬‬ ‫'‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~ ) / ,,,‬‬

‫(‪0‬‬

‫~‪5110511(111111‬‬ ‫(‪~(1111~5,0.25~2 - 29~ + 625 = 0 (1110~ = 87.4 /1-~ 0‬‬

‫‪(0.~ 1111111~(1((11‬‬
‫‪28.6 /1-~. ~0.005~ (0.~ 10~~5( ~(1111~,~ = 28.6 /1-~, (11101~( ~ = 30 /1-~.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~(0111 ~(). (7-100), (0.~ 0~~(~01((1~~ 15 ~11‬‬
‫‪= 440 ~4/30 = 160~, (11101(0111‬‬
‫‪~(). (7-99), (0.~ ((1()(1(1(0( ~01((1~~, 110 = 11~ = 220 + 160‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 ~().‬‬
‫‪= 380~.‬‬

‫‪218‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1,, = 380‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~,,,‬‬
‫‪= 0.8‬‬

‫‪1.,~1 ~,,, = 35 11~ 111~0 111~~~..,~~810~11~~, (, = ...~35‬‬

‫()‬

‫()‬
‫‪440 = 352‬‬

‫‪30 = 101.8 8. ~~0~ ~()..‬‬

‫‪)( 30/440 = 25.9 8, ~~0~ ~().. (7-95), (0‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪~,,, = 34.96‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫‪(7-94), 111~111~0-0~~6~~, (~ = 380‬‬ ‫‪= 220‬‬

‫‪30/440 = 15 8, ((00 ~~0~ ~().. (7-96), 111~~0~~111((1100 11~~, (~ = 25.9 + 15 = 40.9‬‬
‫~‪8. 111~ ~110111110~~~~().11~0~~~((0 0~ 0~1~~~10~0 ~~0~ 111~ ~00011100 0~ ~1111~11‬‬
‫=)‪..,011((~~ 10 8((68~~ ~().. (7-108‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪= /(220‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪101.8 + 0.5‬‬ ‫()‬
‫))‪40.9 (380 + 220‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪10-6 0~ /‬‬ ‫‪= 317112‬‬
‫~‪111~ ~(()(1~11‬‬ ‫‪~1101111111~~~~().11~0~~ 18/ = 317 112~1~1/ = 300‬‬ ‫‪112.‬‬
‫~‪(~) ~111118 81((~~, ~~ 11((..,~ ((11111~ 11((~6~111((~8 10 0~1~~~10‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~((1111~8.‬‬

‫~‪11‬‬ ‫‪111~ ((..,~~((~~ ~11~~~111, 1.~ = 440 ~.‬‬

‫‪)( 440 = 792 ~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪111~ 11~((/(~11~~~01,1,, = 440 + 0.8‬‬
‫~‪111~ ~(()(1~11‬‬ ‫‪~~8 ~11~~~01 011~ 10 111~ 10((0, 1,1 = 440 ~.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~~8 ~11~~~111011~ 10 ~~800((01‬‬ ‫‪~~..,~~8((1,‬‬
‫‪)( 440 ~(,//2‬‬ ‫()‬
‫~ ‪300/2 = 43.5‬‬
‫‪1,2 = 0.8‬‬ ‫‪= 0.352 ~101.8‬‬
‫‪111~ ~~~~6..,~ ~~8 ~11~~~111,1, 5 = (4402 + 43.5)1/2 = 442.14 ~.‬‬
‫=‪12‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11~((/(~11~~~111,1,, = 440 ~.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~~8 ~11~~~111,1, 5 = 440‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪= 0.44 ~300 )( 40.9 = 48.7 ~.‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪)( 10-6‬‬
‫‪111~ ((..,~~((~~ ~11~~~111, 1.~ = 1,,(~/ = 440‬‬ ‫‪40.9‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪= 5.4 ~.‬‬
‫‪)( 440 = 352 ~.‬‬
‫~‪13‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11~((/(~11~~~111,1,, = 0.8‬‬
‫‪111~ ~~8 ~11~~~111, 1, , = 1,,‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪= 0.352 ~101.8‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪300 = 43.5 ~.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫=‪(7‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~((~~‪((..,‬‬ ‫‪~11~~~111,‬‬

‫‪1.~ = 21,,/(,/...‬‬ ‫‪= 2‬‬

‫‪111~ ..,((111~ 0~ ~((11((~11((11~~, (7 = 30‬‬
‫‪111~ 11~((/(-10-11~((/( ..,011((~~, ~~~ = 2‬‬
‫‪111~ 11~((/( ~11~~~111, 1,, = 440 ~.‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪)( 352 )( 300 )( 101.8‬‬

‫‪380‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪760..,,.‬‬
‫‪)( 10-6/...‬‬
‫~ ‪= 6.84‬‬

‫‪1, , = (48.72 + 43.52)1/2 = 65 ~.‬‬

‫‪111~ ~~8 ~11~~~111,‬‬
‫~‪~,,,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11~((/( ~11~~~111, 1,, = 352~.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~~8 ~11~~~111, 1, , = 43.5 ~.‬‬
‫~‪1),,,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ((..,~~((~~ ~11~~~01, 1.~ = 440 ~.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~~8 ~11~~~111, 1, 5 = 440~.‬‬
‫‪111~ 11~((/( ~11~~~111, 1,, = 440~.‬‬
‫‪/+./0(~. 011~ 10 ~~8011((111 ~~..,~~8((1 111~011~11 111~ ~((111 111~~1810~, 118 ~11~~~111‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪~((611~8 ((110 1088~8 ((~~ 111~~~((8~0. 111~ ~((111 111~~1510~ ~01110 0~ ((..,010~0 111 111‬‬
‫‪~~..,~~8((111~0~~88 ((8 111~1~. 7-15.‬‬ ‫(‪1~ ~$ ..,((~1~8 0~1~~~11 ~,( 0) ((110 ~$‬‬ ‫‪) ((110 1.,,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪..,((~1~8 0~1~~~0‬‬ ‫(‪~$‬‬ ‫(‪0) ((110 ~$‬‬ ‫(‪), 111~11 ~$‬‬ ‫(‪0) ((110 ~$‬‬ ‫‪0) 81101110 0~ 118~0 10‬‬
‫(‪~((1~111((1~111~..,((111~80~ ~,,, ((110 (7. ~$‬‬ ‫(‪) ((110 ~$‬‬ ‫~‪) 81101110 0~ 118~0 10 0~1~~~111‬‬
‫‪111~ ~((611~8 0~ ~0~11011~1118 ((00 0~..,1~~8.‬‬

‫~‪~)(301~1‬‬ ‫‪7-12‬‬

‫~‪11/8 ~~().111~~0 10 0~81~11111~ ~~800((01111118~ ~1101111~~~1~~1111111~1~. 7-17 10 011~~((1~ ~~0‬‬

‫((‬ ‫‪..,, ((00 (( 11~((/( 10((0 ~11~~~111, 1,,,‬‬
‫‪81111111~..,011((~~ 0~ ~$ = 220‬‬ ‫‪= 440~.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 11~((/‬‬
‫‪~~8011((111 ~11~~~01 81101110 0~ 11~110 10 150%‬‬ ‫~~‪0~ 1,,, ~ 111~ 111~11-0~~ 6‬‬ ‫‪~~().111~~~~111,‬‬

‫‪219‬‬
‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪7-8‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪(4‬‬
‫~~‪= 25 /1-8, 3110 1/1~ 5011~~~ 111011~1311~~, 1-,. = 4 /1-1-1. 0~1~~111111~ 1/1~ (3) .,,3111~8 011-‬‬
‫~‪~0111~011~1118‬‬ ‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪0.,,~~~/13~~~0‬‬ ‫‪.,,0113~~,‬‬ ‫~~ ~‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫)~(‬ ‫~‪3.,,311301‬‬ ‫‪~0111111111311011‬‬ ‫‪.,,0113~~,‬‬
‫‪~0.‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪= 440 ~, 1,, = 1.5‬‬ ‫‪440 = 660 ~, 1-$ = 4 /1-1-1,(/ = 25 /1-5, 3110‬‬
‫~‪~~0111 ~()5. (7-115) 3110 (7-116), 1/1~ 111~11-01111111‬‬
‫‪18 ~1.,,~1135‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~~0111 ~().‬‬ ‫‪(7-112),‬‬ ‫(‪1/1~ ~~3/‬‬ ‫‪~~80113111 ~11~~~111, 1,,‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪/01-~.‬‬ ‫‪~~0111 ~()5.‬‬ ‫)‪(7-118‬‬
‫‪3110 (7-119),‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪.,,0113~~,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~1110 1/1~ .,,3111~8 011-~ 3110 ~ 1/131 ~01110 831151)11/1~ ~01101110115 01 (43110 1,,.‬‬ ‫~‪~1111~~311.,,‬‬
‫=‪111~1/100 01 8011111011 )11~108‬‬
‫‪(3) 1-~ = 25.29 /1-1-1,~ = 18.17 /1-~.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~~ = 558.67~.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~0 = 220 + 558.67 = 778.68 ~, 3110~(). (7-115) ~1.,,~5~,‬‬
‫‪= 605.63 ~.‬‬
‫~~‪~0(~. ~0~ 1-$ = 0, 1-,~ = 21.43 /1-1-1,~ = 21.43 /1-~,‬‬
‫‪= 440~, ~0 = 660~,‬‬
‫‪3110~, = 513.33 ~.‬‬
‫‪~~3111())~ 7-13‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪/11~/11)1 111011~11.,,~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪18 ~0111~011~0 0)1 3 ~/10~~~~.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫~~‪3.,,~~3‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪~11~~~111 15‬‬
‫‪1. = 100 ~ 3110 1/1~ 1030 ~1~~1~ ~11~~~111~311 0~ ~011810~~~0 11~~11~101~ (~1‬‬
‫~ ‪= 0).‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫_~ ‪51111~1~ 1-~ 111~1111111~~~11/11-_ = 0.3 1111-13110‬‬

‫~‪~1118.,,3)11~ 011/1‬‬

‫‪80)11~1011‬‬
‫= ‪/0‬‬
‫‪~0~ 1.‬‬
‫)_‪1/(270 /~_1-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪136.98‬‬
‫~~~~‪= 4500 /1-~ 15 115~0. )11/1~ ~/10‬‬
‫‪15 0~~~31~0 31 3 1~~()11~11~)101350 1-12 3110 3 0(11)1 ~)1~1~ 010.5,‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~111111~ 1/1~ 1113)(111111111‬‬
‫‪1111103111~11131~0111~011~111 01 ~/10~~~~-~~11~~31~0‬‬

‫(‪= 100~, / = 3501-12, /‬‬

‫‪= 0.50, ~_ = 4500 /1-~,31101-_ = 0.31111-1,‬‬
‫‪1-12.‬‬ ‫)‪~()11311011 (7-123‬‬
‫‪/13~1110111~~11~~~111.‬‬

‫‪~311 0~ ~~111~11 35‬‬

‫)((‪1,0‬‬ ‫(‪,,4, 8111270/( + 13, ~05 270/‬‬

‫=‬
‫‪~/1~~~,,4,‬‬ ‫‪= (1/70) 8111270/( 3110 13, = (1/70) (1 - ~08 270/().‬‬ ‫(‪1/1~ ~~3/‬‬ ‫‪1113~1111110~01‬‬
‫‪1/118 ~11~~~11115 ~31~11131~0 1~0111‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1.‬‬
‫~ ‪1,0 = - ( 1 - ~08 270/() ,/2 = 45.02‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪1/118 0~~0111~8‬‬ ‫(‪1113)(111111111 31 /‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪0.5.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫‪1111103111~11131‬‬ ‫‪~0111~011~111‬‬ ‫‪01 ~/10~~~~-‬‬
‫‪~~11~~31~0‬‬ ‫‪/13~1110111~~11~~~111111 1/1~ 811~~1)1 ~311 0~ ~31~11131~0 1~0111 ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(7-124‬‬ ‫‪3110 15‬‬
‫‪~1.,,~11 0)1‬‬

‫= ‪11$‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪45.02‬‬ ‫_‬
‫~ ‪1 + (///0)21,0 = 1 + (350/136.98)2 - 5 .98‬‬

‫‪220‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(~~~(531‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫‪11101.1~1311~~5,‬‬ ‫‪~01~0‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫~‪1.15~0 10 ~(~31‬‬ ‫‪(~50113111‬‬ ‫‪05~111311011‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬
‫(‪~0(11(111.11311011 ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪3110 11.1(11111~ 01110~(1510(5,‬‬ ‫~~(~‪3~1 35 ~11‬‬ ‫~~‪510(3‬‬ ‫‪~1~(11~1115‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪111 5~11~0~0-(1100‬‬ ‫‪(~~1.11310(5‬‬ ‫‪3110 35 1111~( ~1~(11~1115 10 5(110010‬‬ ‫~‪01.1110‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 03(-‬‬
‫‪(110111~5.‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫~~‪~311 11011‬‬ ‫‪1(0(11‬‬ ‫‪8()5.‬‬ ‫)‪(13-17‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫)‪(13-18‬‬ ‫()‪111 ~~~~11(1‬‬ ‫‪13 1031‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪(113~11~11~ 1055 111~(~35~5‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫‪10~ 5()1.13(~ 011(~()1.1~11~~.‬‬ ‫(~‪011 10~ 010‬‬ ‫‪03110,‬‬ ‫(~‪01~0‬‬
‫~~‪1(~()1.1~11‬‬ ‫‪(~01.1~~5‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪512~ 0111101.1~10(5‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪53(11~ ~311.1~ 01 (1~~1‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 3110‬‬
‫‪1111~(111~ (~()1.11(~(11~111.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪0~51~11‬‬ ‫~‪01 0~-0‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪(~()1.11(~5‬‬ ‫~‪3 ~0(11~(0(1115‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪3(11011~ 5~11~0111‬‬ ‫‪1(~()1.1~11~~,‬‬ ‫‪11101.1~10( 512~5,‬‬ ‫~‪3110 5~11~0111‬‬ ‫‪1055~5.‬‬

‫(‪0‬‬ ‫~~‪51‬‬ ‫‪00~11‬‬ ‫~‪3 11)(~0 0‬‬

‫~‬ ‫(~~~‪0~ ~00‬‬ ‫(~‪~311 0~ 1.15~0 35 3 0~ 1(311510((11‬‬ ‫~~‪10 51‬‬ ‫~‪1.1‬‬
‫‪~0113~~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(~~~‪~00‬‬ ‫~‪~311 3150 0~ 1.15~0 10( 5~11~0111~-(1100‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪(~~1.11310(5‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬
‫~‪10( 1(31151~((111‬‬ ‫~~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~111~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 501.1(~~5.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪03((110111~5‬‬ ‫‪3(~ ~~11~(31~0‬‬
‫~‪111 10‬‬ ‫‪111~1.11 3110 1030‬‬ ‫~‪510~ 0110‬‬ ‫(~~~‪~00‬‬ ‫~‪3110 10~5‬‬ ‫‪03((110111~5‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ (~01.1~~0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪111~1.11 3110 01.11~1.11 1111~(5.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫(~~~‪~00‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0~~(31‬‬ ‫(~‪011 ~110‬‬ ‫~~‪~011513111 1(~()1.1~11‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬
‫~‪~3(1301‬‬ ‫‪1(~()1.1~11~~.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~~‪~3(1301~-1(~()1.1~11‬‬ ‫(~~~‪~00‬‬ ‫‪~~11~(31~5‬‬ ‫‪03((110111~5‬‬ ‫~‪01 ~3(1301‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪1(~()1.1~11~1~5‬‬
‫~‪110((11311‬‬
‫~‪10~ ~00~~111‬‬
‫~‪10 11.1(1101110‬‬
‫~(‪011-11(11~ 3‬‬
‫‪3110‬‬
‫‪1.15~0. 10‬‬
‫‪3 1111~( 0~51~11‬‬
‫~~‪(~01.1‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪1(~()1.1~11~~ 5001.110 0~ 01~0.‬‬
‫‪(113111 10~(1510(,‬‬
‫‪11(1111~0.‬‬
‫‪0~~0(11~5‬‬
‫‪512~5 011111~(5‬‬
‫~ ‪01111~1.111.‬‬

‫(‪10~(1510‬‬
‫~‪3110 35 3 (~51.11110‬‬
‫(~~‪3110 10 10‬‬
‫‪~00~~~(5‬‬
‫~‪~00~~111‬‬
‫~~‪11)(~0-1(~()1.1~11‬‬
‫‪10~ 1030‬‬ ‫~‪(1~~1‬‬
‫‪(~()1.11(~ ~)(1(3‬‬
‫(~~~‪~00‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111,‬‬
‫~(‪~1(~1.111‬‬
‫‪1(~()1.1~11~~ 3110 (111111(111.1(11‬‬
‫‪15‬‬

‫‪~011.,,~(51011.,,‬‬
‫‪1. 5. ~~/(,‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~. 0. ~1001~0(00/(,‬‬ ‫(~~‪..~0.,,(111~~5 111 5~11~11~0 11100~ ~0‬‬
‫~~~‪/‬‬ ‫‪1..,.(1,,5(1~(/0,,5 0,, /,,(//-/5(,/(1/‬‬ ‫‪~/~~(,0,,/~5,‬‬ ‫‪~01. 1~30, ~0. 1, 1983, ~~. 10-29.‬‬
‫~‪(1 1600-‬‬ ‫‪0( 1((1~11011 511~-‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪~. ~. 8(1110,‬‬ ‫‪(1110 0. ~.‬‬ ‫(~~~‪~~11~111(1115, ..~110‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01 011‬‬
‫‪~1~.,, /~~.4,‬‬ ‫‪~)/0~,,,(1(/~5‬‬ ‫‪(1,,(/ ~/~~(,0,,/~5‬‬ ‫‪0,, (/7~ ~(1//~(1)/5, ~01. 5, ~0.‬‬ ‫‪12, 1968, ~~.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪473-478.‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪~. ~011.,,1011,‬‬ ‫~‪..05‬‬ ‫(~~‪01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪5~1111~011011~10(5 10 ~0111(01 10~0111011.,,~ 1((1~11011 111010(5 111‬‬
‫‪111~ ~(~11~11 ~(111011(11 ~(111~(1~5.,,‬‬ ‫‪~,0~~~(//,,85,‬‬ ‫‪/~~,‬‬ ‫‪~01.‬‬ ‫‪55, ~0.‬‬ ‫‪3 (~11~1151) 1967.‬‬
‫‪~(111~(11.,, ~(1//~(1)/‬‬
‫(‪4. ~~51111~110115~ ~1~(1(1~, ..~110~~~(510‬‬ ‫~‪5110 ~(11110111~1(010110‬‬ ‫‪8~~1‬‬
‫‪0(12~((~ /,,(~,,,(1(/0,,(1/,‬‬ ‫‪~01. 129, ~0.‬‬ ‫‪8, 1973, ~~.. 309-310.‬‬

‫‪5. 1. 1511001,‬‬ ‫‪5. 12(1~(1, 1(. ~(1)1111(1, 1.‬‬ ‫‪0~(1~(1,‬‬ ‫‪(11101.‬‬ ‫~‪1((111(1, ..~~~1‬‬ ‫‪0~.,,~10~~0‬‬ ‫(‪111~(1510‬‬

‫‪221‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~~~~‪~/10‬‬ ‫‪~()111~111~111(0~ ~1~~10~ ~311~3~8.,,‬‬ ‫‪18,8,8,‬‬ ‫‪1,.011$0~(10115 011 111(/~(,.)1 011(/ 0~11~,.0/‬‬
‫‪~/1/1/1~0(10115,‬‬
‫‪~01. 1~9, ~0. 3, 1973.‬‬
‫‪6. 1. 00111/11~~~,‬‬ ‫‪1. 0~~/501~~,‬‬ ‫~‪3110 1-1. 1-1010/511~, ..1/1~~1810‬‬ ‫‪~/10~~~~8‬‬ ‫‪111~1~~1~1~ 1~3~110118.,,‬‬
‫~~~~‬ ‫‪~~1//~~,‬‬ ‫‪~0.‬‬ ‫‪2, 1970,‬‬ ‫‪~11. 46-47.‬‬
‫‪7.‬‬ ‫‪~. 1-1. ~38/110,‬‬ ‫‪..~ 1/1~~1810~ ~/10~~~~ ~11/1 111111111111111‬‬ ‫~‪11111118011 ~0113/5~ ~011(~01 0( 0‬‬
‫‪0~1~~8.,, 111(~,.110(10110/ 10/,/,.110/‬‬
‫‪0/ ~/~~(,.0111~5, ~01. 53, ~0. 1, 1982, ~~. 71-81.‬‬
‫‪8.‬‬ ‫~)‪~. ~. 5~~~~115, 3110 0. ~. 8100111, ~0(/~,.11 1)~-(0-1‬‬ ‫‪5~1(~/11110(/~ 110~~,. ~0111/~,.(~,.‬‬
‫‪0,.~/,/1(5.‬‬ ‫‪~~~ ~0~)(= ~311 ~08(~3110 ~~111/1010 ~0111~311~, 111~., 1983.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~(~~ ‪9.‬‬ ‫‪~000,‬‬ ‫‪5~1(~/11118 110~~,.‬‬ ‫‪~0111/~,.(~,.5.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫=()~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~311 ~08(~3110‬‬ ‫‪~~111/1010‬‬ ‫‪~0111-‬‬
‫‪~311~, 111~., 1981.‬‬
‫‪10.‬‬ ‫‪5. 01)(, ..511~~~~ 0( 8~11~/1~0 11100~ ~0~~~ 811~~11~8,,, 1~8, 111(~,.110(10110/ ~011/~,.~11~~ 011‬‬
‫‪110~~,. ~/~~(,.0111~5 011(/ ~0,.100/~ 5/1~~(/ 1),./1/~5, 1,0110011, 1985, ~~. 83-94.‬‬

‫‪11.‬‬ ‫‪5.~.‬‬ ‫‪~/1111, 0. ~. ~/1~11, 3110 ~. ~. 1,~~, ..0~61111236011‬‬ ‫~‪0( (/1‬‬

‫‪~11~~/5~ 8(0~3/5~ 111011~(0~8‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(0~ 0~ 10 0~ ~011~~~1~~8.,, 18,~8, 1,.01150~(10115 011 ~~,.05/10~~ 011(/ ~/~~(,.0111~ 5)15(~1115, ~ 01.‬‬
‫‪~~519,‬‬ ‫‪~0. 2, 1983, ~~. 203-214.‬‬
‫‪12.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫~‪~/183111, ~. 1,. 1(11810111, 3110 ~. ~. ~11)3, ..~1~~0~~0~~880‬‬ ‫(‪~0111~01 0‬‬
‫~~~‪3 ~11~~~11(8011‬‬
‫‪0~-0~ ~011~~~(~~.,,‬‬ ‫~~‪18,‬‬ ‫‪1,.01150~(10115 011 111(/~(,.)1 ~/1/1/1~0(10115,‬‬ ‫‪~01.‬‬ ‫‪1~19, ~0. 5, 1983,‬‬
‫‪~~. 690-698.‬‬

‫‪7-1. ~/13( 18 111~311( 0~ 3 0~ ~/10~~~~ 0~ 0~-0~ ~011~~~(~~7‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪7-2. ~/13( 18 (/1~ ~~111~1~1~ 0( 0~~~36011 0( 3 8(~~-00~11 ~/10~~~~7‬‬
‫‪7-3. ~/131 15 1/1~ ~~111~1~1~ 0( 0~~~36011 0( 3 8(~~-11~ ~/10~~~~7‬‬
‫‪7-4. ~/13( 18 ~1118~-~10(/1-1110011136011 ~0111~01 0( 3 ~/10~~~~7‬‬
‫‪7-5. ~/131 18 (~~()11~11~~-1110011136011 ~0111~01 0( 3 ~/10~~~~7‬‬
‫‪7-6. ~/131 3~~ 1/1~ 30~31113/5~8 3110 01830~31113/5~8 0( 3 ~3~1301~-(~~()11~11~~ ~/10~~~~7‬‬
‫‪7-7. ~/131 18 1/1~ ~((~~1 0( 1030 111011~1311~~ 011 1/1~ 1030 ~1~~1~ ~11~~~1117‬‬
‫‪7-8. ~/131 15 1/1~ ~((~~1 0( ~/10~~111/5 (~~()11~11~~ 011 1/1~ 1030 ~1~~1~ ~11~~~1117‬‬
‫‪7-9. ~/131 3~~ 1/1~ ~01181~311118 (0~ 1~3118(~~ 0( ~11~~/5~ 0~1~~~11 1~0 0~ ~0113/5~ 8011~~~8 7‬‬
‫‪7-10. ~/131 3~~ 1/1~ ~~~(0~111311~~ ~3~3111~1~~8 0( 3 ~/10~~~~7‬‬
‫‪7-11. ~/13118 3 8~11~/1111/5-11100~ ~~/5111310~7‬‬
‫‪7-12. ~/131 3~~ 1/1~ (011~ 0381~ 1~~~8 0( 8~11~/1111/5-11100~ ~~/5111310~87‬‬
‫‪7-13. ~/13( 3~~ 1/1~ 30~31113/5~8 3110 01830~31113/5~8 0( 3 011~)( ~~/5111310~7‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪7-14. ~/131 3~~ (/1~ 30~31113/5~8 3110 01530~311(3/5~5 0( 3 00081 ~~/5111310~7‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪7-15. ~/131 3~~ 1/1~ 30~31113/5~8 3110 01830~31113/5~80( 3 011~)(- 00081 ~~/5111310~7‬‬
‫‪7-16. ~/131 3~~ 1/1~ 30~31113/5~8 3110 01530~31113/5~5 0( 3 ~11)( ~~/5111310~7‬‬
‫‪7-17. ~/131 18 1/1~ ~11~~08~ 0( 1/1~ ~011111111136011 ~1~~111( 0( 3 ~/10~~~~7‬‬
‫(‪7-18. ~/131 18 1/1~ 01((~~~11~~ 0~1~~~11 1/1~ ~1~~1111111~11-0(( 6111~ 3110 1/1~ 111~11-0(( 11111~0‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1/1~~1810~7‬‬
‫‪7-19.‬‬ ‫~‪~/1‬‬ ‫‪00~5‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ ~0111111111(16011~3~3~1(0‬‬ ‫‪/5~1 0~~~~/13~/5~07‬‬
‫‪7-20.‬‬ ‫~‪~/1‬‬ ‫~~~~‪0111~111 ~0113/5~ 0( (/1~ ~13881~31 ~/10‬‬
‫‪18 1/1~ 111111111111111‬‬ ‫‪1111111~07‬‬
‫‪7-21.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪3~~ 1/1~ 30~31113/5~8 3110 01830~31113/5~8‬‬ ‫‪0( (/1~ ~13581~31 ~/10~~~~7‬‬

‫‪222‬‬
 ‫‪7-22.‬‬ ‫‪~031‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 10~ ~11~~15 01 5011(~~ 111011~1311~~7‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪(~,,,~(531 0~ 1110~~~110~111 0110‬‬ ‫‪111311110~(1510(7‬‬
‫‪7-23.‬‬ ‫~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪5001110 10~ (~50113111‬‬
‫‪7-24.‬‬ ‫~‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪5001110 10~ ~~3/( (~50113111 ~11((~111 0110‬‬ ‫(~~~‪(~50113111 ~1115~ ~00‬‬ ‫(~‪0~ ~(~31‬‬ ‫‪10311‬‬
‫(‪10~ ~~3/‬‬ ‫‪1030 ~11((~1117‬‬
‫‪7-25.‬‬ ‫‪~031‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 10~ 30,,,31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 01530,,,31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪01 3 (~50113111 ~1.115~ ~00~~~(7‬‬
‫‪7-26.‬‬ ‫‪~1 ~031‬‬ ‫‪0111~ ~~~1~ 00~5‬‬
‫‪10~ 1030 (1~~1~ ~1.1((~111 0~~0111~ 1113)(1111111117‬‬
‫‪11~(311,,,~ 111~1000 015011160117‬‬
‫‪7-27.‬‬ ‫‪~0~ 1113~ 10~ 0~51~11 01 ~011111111136011~1(~11115 (~()111(~ 311‬‬
‫‪7-28.‬‬ ‫‪~031‬‬ ‫(~~~‪3(~ 10~ ~~11~(31 51~~5 10( 10~ 0~51~11 01 ~00‬‬ ‫‪~1(~111157‬‬
‫‪3,,,~(3~~ 1030 ~11((~111115~0 11110~ 0~51~11‬‬
‫‪7-29.‬‬ ‫~‪~0~ 15 10~ ~~3/( 1030 ~11((~111 (310~( 10311 10‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫(‪0110~(1510‬‬ ‫‪~00~~~(5 7‬‬
‫‪7.30.‬‬ ‫‪~031‬‬ ‫~‪3(~ 10~ ~11~~15 01 ~00~~111‬‬ ‫‪1(~()11~11~~ 011 1111~( 512~57‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(~5156,,,~ 1030,‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪== 20 0 3110 111~111,,,0113~~,‬‬ ‫= ‪~5‬‬
‫‪7.1.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(~~~‪0~ ~00‬‬ ‫‪111~1~. 7-13‬‬ ‫‪035 3‬‬
‫~‪1.5 ~ 3110 ~00~~111‬‬
‫(~~~‪220 ~. ~0~11 10~ ~00‬‬ ‫‪(~11131115 011, 115 ,,,0113~~ 0(0~,‬‬ ‫= ‪~00‬‬
‫‪1(~()1.1~11~~, 1 = 10 /(1-12. 1110~ 0111~ ~~~1~ 15 80%, 0~1~(111111~10~ (8) 3,,,~(3~~ 0111~111‬‬
‫(~~~‪,,,0113~~, ~0~ (()) (1115 01.11~111 ,,,0113~~, ~0~ (~) ~00‬‬ ‫‪~111~1~11~~~ (.1) ~11~~6,,,~ 111~111‬‬
‫~‪(~5151311~~, ~,~ 3110 (~) (1115 ,,,3111~ 0110‬‬ ‫‪1111103111~11131~0111~011~111 0103(1110111~5‬‬ ‫~‪011 10‬‬
‫‪01.11~111,,,0113~~.‬‬
‫‪220 ~, ~ = 10 0,‬‬
‫‪7.2.‬‬ ‫(~~~‪~ ~00‬‬ ‫= ‪15 1~~0111~311 ~1- 1030 35 500~11 111~1~. 7-2 ~110 ~5‬‬
‫‪5/(1-12, 3110 ~ = 20 ~. ~31~11131~ 10~ (8) 111111111111111‬‬ ‫‪111513111311~0115‬‬
‫= ‪1- = 15.5 1111-1,1‬‬
‫‪(()) ~~3/( 111513111311~01151030 ~11((~111, /2~ (~) 1113)(111111111‬‬ ‫(‪~~3/(-10-~~3/‬‬
‫~‪1030 ~11((~111, /1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪7-3.‬‬
‫‪(1~~1~ ~11((~111 111 10~ 1030~ (.1) 3,,,~(3~~ 1030 ~11((~111, /0‬‬

‫(~~~‪10~ ~00‬‬ ‫~ ‪111~1~. 7-2 035 1030 (~5151311~~,‬‬

‫‪3110 0311~(~ ,,,0113~~, ~ = 10~.‬‬
‫)‪(~) (1115 1030 ~11((~111, /0~ (1‬‬

‫(~~~‪~11~~11,,,~ 111~111(~5151311~~, ~,~ 3110 (~) (1115 ,,,3111~ 01 ~00‬‬

‫=‬
‫‪~11((~111, /~.‬‬
‫‪0.2 0, 111~111,,,0113~~, ~5 = 220 ~,‬‬
‫~‪10~ 3,,,~(3~~ 1030 ~11((~111, /0 = 200 ~, 3110 10‬‬
‫‪~00~~111~ 1(~()11~11~~, 1 = 200 1-12 (7 = 5 1115). 05~ 10~ 3,,,~(3~~ 01.11~1.11‬‬ ‫‪,,,0113~~ 10‬‬
‫~‪~31~11131~ 10‬‬ ‫~‪,,,3111‬‬ ‫‪011030‬‬ ‫‪111011~1311~~,‬‬ ‫‪1-,‬‬ ‫‪~01~0‬‬ ‫‪~01110‬‬ ‫~‪111111110‬‬ ‫‪1113)(111111111‬‬
‫‪1030‬‬ ‫~‪(1~~1‬‬
‫‪~11((~111 10 5% 01 /0.‬‬

‫‪7-4.‬‬ ‫(~~~‪10~ 0~ ~00‬‬ ‫(~~‪500~11 111~1~. 7-53 15 115~0 10 ~0111(01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪110~ 1(0111 3 0~ ,,,0113~~,‬‬
‫(~~‪~, = 110 ~ 10 3 0311~(~ ,,,0113~~, ~ = 220 ~. 10~ ~0‬‬ ‫~(~‪1(31151~((~0 10 10~ 0311‬‬
‫‪15 30 /(~.‬‬ ‫~‪10~ ~11((~111 (1~~1~ 0110‬‬ ‫~‪111011~10( 15 11~~11~101~. 1)~1~(111111~ 10~ (8) 0111‬‬
‫‪~~~1~, /(~ (()) ~11~~6,,,~ 1030 (~5151311~~, ~.~~ 3110 (~) 3,,,~(3~~ 111~111~11((~111, /5.‬‬
‫‪7-5.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪~(00. 7-4, ~10110~ 111513111311~0115111011~10( ~11((~111 3110 ~1.1((~11110(011~010‬‬ ‫~(~‪0311‬‬
‫(‪/‬‬
‫‪~ 11111011~10( 1- 035 3 111111~,,,3111~ 011- = 7.51111-1,1‬‬ ‫‪= 2501-12, 3110‬‬ ‫‪= 0.5.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪7-6.‬‬ ‫‪~11 ~1- 1030 35 500~11111 ~1~. 7-2 15 ~0111(011~0 0~ 3 ~00~~~(.‬‬ ‫= ~ ‪111030 (~5151311~~,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪20‬‬ ‫~‪1111-1,511~~1‬‬ ‫‪,,,0113~~, ~5 = 600, 0311~(~ ,,,0113~~, ~ = 150‬‬

‫= ‪0.25 0, 111011~1311~~, 1-‬‬
‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫~‪~00~~111‬‬ ‫‪1(~()11~11~~,‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪1-12,‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~(111111‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪111111111111111 3110‬‬ ‫‪1113)(1111111111030‬‬

‫‪~1.1((~111,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(‪~~3/(-10-~~3/‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫~‪(1~~1‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111,‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬

‫~~‪3,,,~(3‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫(‪/‬‬ ‫‪= 0.1‬‬
‫‪10 0.9 ~110 3 51~~ 010.1.‬‬
‫‪7-7. 1)~1~(111111~10~ 1113)(111111111‬‬
‫‪~~3/(-10-~~3/( (1~~1~ ~11((~11101 ~(00. 7-6 0~ 115111~8()5.‬‬
‫‪(7-19) 3110 (7-20), 3110 ~0111~3(~ 10~ (~511115.‬‬
‫~~‪15~. 10~ (~()111(~0 3,,,~(3‬‬
‫‪7-8. 10~ 011~/( (~~111310( 111~1~. 7-73035 311111~111‬‬ ‫= ‪,,,0113~~, ~5‬‬
‫‪0111~1.11‬‬
‫= ‪,,,0113~~, ~0‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(‪~~3/(-10-~~3/‬‬ ‫‪0111~111‬‬‫~‪(1~~1‬‬ ‫~‪,,,0113~~ 15 10 111~.10‬‬

‫‪223‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫(‪5~1(~0111~ 1(~()11~11~)115 20 /(1-12. 10~ ~~3/(-(0-~~3/‬‬ ‫(‪(1~~1~ ~11((~11( 01111011~(0‬‬ ‫‪15 11(111(~0‬‬
‫)‪(0 0.5 ~. 0~1~((11111~ (0~ (3) 011()1 ~)1~1~, /(~ (.,‬‬ ‫(~(‪1111~( 111011~1311~~, ~~ 3110 (~) 111‬‬
‫‪~3~3~1(0(,‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪7-9.‬‬ ‫‪10~ 00051 (~81113(0( 111~18. 7-83035‬‬ ‫‪311 111~11(~011(1~~, ~$ = 6 ,. 111~ (1~~~32~ 0111))111‬‬
‫‪~01(3~~, ~. = 15 , 3110 3~~(3~~ 1030 ~11((~11(,‬‬
‫‪1. = 0.5 ~. 10~ 5~11~0111~ 1(~()11~11~)1‬‬
‫~ ‪1520/(1-12. 111- = 250 ~1-1 3110‬‬
‫~‪= 440 ~~, 0~(~((11111~ (0~ (3) 011()1 ~)1~1~, /(~ (.,) (1~~1‬‬
‫‪( ~11((~11( 01111011~(0(, /11~ (~) ~~3/( ~11((~11( 01111011~(0(,‬‬
‫(~(‪12~ 3110 (()) (1~~1~ .,,01(3~~ 01111‬‬
‫‪(~3~3~1~~( ,./1~0.‬‬
‫‪7-10.‬‬ ‫(‪10~ 011~/(-0005‬‬ ‫‪(~~1113(0( 111 ~1~. 7-93 035 311 111~111.,,0113~~, ~,‬‬
‫‪= 12 ~. 10~ 011()1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~ ‪~)1~1~, /( = 0.6 3110 (0~ 5~1(~0111~ 1(~()11~11~)115 25 /(1-12. 10~ 111011~1311~~,‬‬
‫‪= 250 ~1-1‬‬
‫~ ‪3110111(~( ~3~3~11311~~,‬‬
‫‪= 220 ~~. 10~ 3.,,~(3~~ 1030 ~11((~11(, 1. = 1.5~.‬‬ ‫~‪0~(~((11111‬‬
‫‪(0~ (3) 3.,,~(3~~ 011(~11( .,,01(3~~,‬‬
‫(‪~.~ (/)) ~~3/(-(0-~~3/‬‬ ‫)~( ~‪011(~11( (1~~1~ .,,01(3~~. /1 ~0‬‬
‫(‪~~3/(-10-~~3/‬‬ ‫‪(1~~1~ ~11((~11( 01111011~(0(,‬‬ ‫‪/11~ 3110 (()) ~~3/( ~11((~11( 01 (0~ ((311515(0(,‬‬
‫‪1,,.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪7-11.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~11/( (~~1113(0( 111~1~. 7-103 035 311111~11( .,,01(3~~, ~,‬‬
‫‪= 15~.‬‬ ‫(‪10~ 011()1 ~)1~1~, /‬‬
‫‪= 0.4 3110 (0~ 5~1(~0111~ 1(~()11~11~)115 25 /(1-12. 10~ 111(~( 111011~(311~~, ~2 = 350 ~1-1‬‬
‫= ‪3110 111(~( ~3~3~1(311~~, ~2 = 220 ~~. 10~ ~11~(~)1 ((31151~( ~3~3~1(311~~, ~1‬‬
‫~~ ‪400‬‬
‫‪3110 111011~(311~~, ~1 = 250 ~1-1. 10~ 3~~(3~~ 1030 ~11((~11(,‬‬
‫~‪/. = 1.25 ~. 0~(~((11111‬‬
‫‪(0~ (3) 3.,,~(3~~ 011(~11( .,,01(3~~,‬‬
‫(‪~.~ (.,) 3.,,~(3~~ 111~11( ~11((~111, 1,~ (~) ~~3/(-10-~~3/‬‬
‫(‪(1~~1~ ~11((~11( 01111011~(0( ~1, /111~ (()) ~~3/(-10-~~3/‬‬ ‫(‪(1~~1~ .,,01(3~~ 01 ~3~3~1(0‬‬ ‫‪~1,‬‬
‫(‪/1~01, (~) ~~3/(-(0-~~3/‬‬ ‫(‪(1~~1~ ~11((~11( 01111011~(0‬‬ ‫(‪1-2, /112~ (() ~~3/(-(0-~~3/‬‬ ‫~‪(1~~1‬‬
‫‪.,,01(3~~ 01 ~3~3~1(0( ~2, /1 ~02~ 3110 (~) ~~3/( ~11((~11( 01 (0~ ((31151510(, 1,,.‬‬
‫‪7-12.‬‬ ‫‪~11111011~(1.,,~ 1030 15 ~011((011~0‬‬ ‫(~~~‪0)13111(11~1115~ ~0(11(1111(36011 ~00‬‬ ‫‪111~18. 7-11‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬
‫‪~~3/( 1030 ~11((~11(, 1,,,‬‬
‫‪= 450 ~ 3( 3 511~~1)1.,,01(38~ 01220 ~. 10~ ~00~~1118 1(~()11~11~)1,‬‬
‫‪/ = 275 1-12, ~0(11(1111136011 ~3~3~1(0(, ~ = 60 ~~, 3110 (~.,,~(5111~ 111011~(311~~, ~,,,‬‬
‫‪= 20‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪7-13.‬‬
‫‪7-14.‬‬
‫‪~1-1. 10~ 5011(~~ 111011~(311~~, ~$‬‬
‫‪(111111(1111(11‬‬
‫(‪~~~~3‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪7-12‬‬
‫‪~11111011~(1.,,~ 1030 15 ~011((011~0‬‬
‫‪= 350 ~ 3( 3 511~~1)1 .,,01(38~,‬‬
‫‪= 8 ~1-1. 0~(~((11111~ (11~ ~1(~111( (11(11-011 6(11~ 3110‬‬
‫‪3110 (113)(1(1111(11011(~11( .,,01(3~~ 11(111(5.‬‬
‫‪10( (0~ ~35~ ~0~11 (0~ 5011(~~ 111011~(311~~ 15 11~~11~101~ (~,‬‬
‫(~~~‪0)1 (11~ ~110‬‬
‫‪~,‬‬
‫(‪111~1~. 7-15 3110 ~~3/‬‬

‫‪= 750 ~. 111~ ~110~~111~ 1(~()11~11~)1, /‬‬

‫‪= 0).‬‬
‫‪1030 ~11((~11(, 1,,,‬‬
‫‪= 250 1-12,‬‬
‫~ ‪~0(11(1111(36011 ~3~3~1(311~~,‬‬ ‫~‪15 ~~, 3110 ~0(11(1111(36011 111011~(311~~, ~,‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 70 ~1-1.‬‬
‫‪11 (0~ 5011(~~ 111011~(311~~, 1-, = 10 ~1-1, 0~1~((11111~ (0~ (11(11-0116(11~,‬‬ ‫‪(~~ (111111(1111(11‬‬
‫‪3110‬‬
‫(‪(113)(1(1111(11011(~111 ~0113~~~ 3110 011(~11( .,,01(3~~ 10( 3 011()1 ~)1~1~ 01/‬‬
‫‪= 0.5.‬‬
‫‪7-15.‬‬ ‫(‪~~~~3‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫(‪7-1210‬‬ ‫(~~~‪(11~ (~50113111 ~1115~ ~00‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111111 ~1~. 7-1711‬‬ ‫‪~0(11(1111136011‬‬
‫‪~3~3~1(311~~,‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪= 30 ~~ 3110 ~0(11(1111136011 111011~1311~~, 1-,,, = 35 ~1-1.‬‬
‫‪7-16.‬‬ ‫‪0~51~11 (0~ .,,3111~5 01 ~0(11(1111(36011 ~0(11~011~1115 ~,,, 3110 ~ (0 ~(0.,,10~ 3 (11(11-011 6(11~,‬‬
‫‪(~ = 20 ~5 10( (0~ ~1(~1111111 ~1~. 7-11. 111~ 5~~~111~360115 10( (0~ ~1(~1111 3(~ ~,‬‬
‫‪= 600‬‬
‫‪~, 1,,, = 350~,‬‬ ‫‪3110 1-, = 6 ~1-1. 10~ ~~3/( ~11((~11110(011~0‬‬
‫‪11 15 110( 10 ~)(~~~0 21,~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪7-17.‬‬ ‫(‪~~~~3‬‬ ‫(‪~(00. 7-1610‬‬ ‫~‪10~ ~00~~~~ ~1(~111( 111~1~. 7-141110‬‬ ‫~‪~~3/( ~11((~111 010100‬‬ ‫‪1)1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪15 11(111(~0 (0 21,,,. 0~1~((11111~ ~ 3110 1-1.‬‬

‫‪7-18.‬‬ ‫(‪~~~~3‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫(~~~‪7-16 10( (11~ ~110‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1111111 ~1~. 7-15‬‬ ‫~‪1110‬‬ ‫(‪~~3/‬‬ ‫‪(~5011311( (~.,,~(531‬‬
‫‪~11((~11115 11(1111~0 10 1,,,.‬‬
‫‪7-19.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫(‪7-1610‬‬ ‫~‪(0~ ~1(~1111111 ~1~. 7-171110‬‬ ‫‪(~50113111 (~.,,~(531 ~11((~111111(011~0‬‬
‫‪12 15 11(1111~0 10 21,,,.‬‬
‫‪7-20.‬‬ ‫~‪0~51~11 10~ .,,3111~ 0110‬‬ ‫(‪~0(11(1111136011 ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫~‪~ 10 ~(0~10‬‬ ‫‪3 111(11-011-6(11~ (~()111~~-‬‬
‫‪(11~111‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫~(‬
‫‪= 20‬‬ ‫‪~5 10( 10~ ~1(~1111111 ~1~. ~7-20‬‬ ‫‪11~,‬‬
‫‪= 600 ~, 1,,, = 350 ~, 3110 1-,‬‬
‫‪= 8 ~1-1.‬‬

‫‪224‬‬
 ‫‪,.1‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~,,,‬‬

‫‪0,,,‬‬
‫‪~,.,‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪,.5‬‬ ‫‪,.3‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(1 ~00~~~1‬‬ ‫‪(15 500~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~. 7-20.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪(1~~1(1‬‬
‫~‪7-21. /1..01~01~ 111011~11~~ 10(10 15 ~01111011~0 0‬‬
‫‪10(10 ~1111~111 15 250 /1.., ~01~0‬‬ ‫‪0(15 11~~11~101~ 11~~1~ ~1111~111. /1.. 51111~1~ ~~ 111~1111111~1‬‬
‫‪~110 ~_ = 0.41111-1 (1110 ~_ = 5000 ~~ 15 115~0. 1110~ ~00~~~115‬‬ ‫‪0~~1(11~0 (1111~(),11~11~~,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫= ‪/‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪1-12,‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~1111111‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪101(11‬‬ ‫‪~00~~~1‬‬ ‫‪~~11~1(11~0‬‬ ‫~‪0(111110111‬‬ ‫~‪~1111~111 111 10~ 511~~1‬‬
‫(‪101 /‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪0.5. (11//1/.. ~011510~1 11~ 10 10~ 5~~~1110 0(111110111~.‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪225‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪8‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪0~-10-(1‬‬

‫‪~..~()0~11~)1.‬‬
‫~~‪~011(1‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~011~~..1~..5‬‬
‫~~‪(1 0~ 111()01 ~011(1‬‬
‫‪~..~()0~11~)1.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪(1..~ )(110~11 (15 //1~~,.(~,.5.‬‬
‫‪10 (1 5)1(11(11~1..1~(11 (1~ 001()01‬‬
‫‪001()01‬‬
‫~‪~(1..1(101‬‬
‫~~‪~011(1‬‬
‫‪001()01‬‬
‫‪~0010‬‬
‫~~‪~011(1‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~011~11011 0~ (111111~~..1~..15‬‬
‫~~‪~011(1‬‬
‫~‪~1)(~0 0.. ~(1..1(101‬‬
‫~‪~(111 0‬‬
‫‪(1110 (11(11111(1111111~10~ ~(1111 0~ 10~ 111~~..1~.. ~01151(1111.‬‬
‫‪001(1111~0‬‬
‫‪0~ 0~51..~0‬‬ ‫~‪(11(1~111100‬‬
‫~~‪10 ~0(111‬‬

‫~‪(11 (1 ~1)(~0 0.. ~(1..1(101‬‬

‫~‪0)1 ~(1..)1111~ 10‬‬
‫~‪011 10‬‬ ‫‪010~..‬‬
‫‪(1110‬‬

‫~‪111()01 0‬‬
‫‪0(1110,‬‬ ‫~‪1‬‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪0~ 111()01 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪15 ~1)(~0‬‬ ‫‪(1110 11 15 1101 ~0111..011(101~,‬‬ ‫~‪(1 ~(1..1(101‬‬ ‫‪001()01‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬
‫‪~(111 0~ 001(1111~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 ~(1..)1111~ 10~ ~(1111 0~ 10~ 111~~..1~..,‬‬ ‫‪~01~0‬‬ ‫‪15 110..(11(111)1 (1~~0(11()1150~0‬‬
‫‪0)1 ()015~-~1010-(110001(111011‬‬ ‫)~~~(‬ ‫‪~0111..01 ~110111 10~ 111~~..1~...‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪//1~~,.(~,.‬‬
‫‪/50//1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(11(1)1 0~ 0~~111~0‬‬ ‫~‪(15 10~ ..(1110 0~ 10‬‬ ‫‪(1~ 001()01‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪10 0~ 111()01 ~011(1~~.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪001()01‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪~(1~~~0..(115‬‬ ‫‪0~ 10~(11111~~..1~..5‬‬ ‫‪500010‬‬ ‫‪0~ 511105010(11.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~-‬‬
‫‪~~~..,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~(1~~~0..(115‬‬ ‫‪0~ ()..(1~11~(11 111~~..1~..5‬‬ ‫~‪(1..‬‬
‫‪11011511105010(11 (1110 ~0111(1111 ~~..1(1111‬‬
‫‪0(1..(110111~5.‬‬ ‫‪~0..‬‬ ‫‪10~-‬‬ ‫‪(1110 (11~010(11-()0~~..‬‬ ‫~~‪(1()()11~(1110115, 5()0(1..~-~(1‬‬ ‫‪0.. ()0(151-5()0(1..~-‬‬
‫~~‪~(1‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~5‬‬ ‫~‪(11(1)1 0‬‬ ‫~~‪(1~~~()1(101‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~0.. 01~0-()0~~..‬‬ ‫~‪(1()()11~(1110115, 10‬‬ ‫‪01510..1~0‬‬
‫‪511105010(11‬‬ ‫‪~(1~~~0..(115‬‬ ‫‪(1..~ ..~()01..~0.‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(1~(111(101111)1 0~ 01~0-5()~~0‬‬ ‫‪()0~~..‬‬
‫‪5~(111~01100~10..‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5,‬‬ ‫‪10~ 0(1..(110111~ ~0111~1115 0~ 001()01‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪~(111 0~ (111111(1112~0‬‬
‫‪0.. ..~00~~0‬‬ ‫‪51~111~1~(11111)10)1 5~11~0111~ 1~~0111()0~5.‬‬
‫‪111~~..1~..5‬‬ ‫‪(1..~ ~10~1)1‬‬ ‫‪05~0‬‬ ‫‪111 1110051..1(11 (1()()11~(1110115 (~.~.,‬‬ ‫‪~(1..1(101~-5()~~0‬‬ ‫~‪(1‬‬
‫‪(11010..‬‬ ‫‪0..1~~5,‬‬ ‫‪11100~11011‬‬ ‫‪0~(11111~,‬‬ ‫‪51(11100)1 ()0~~..‬‬ ‫‪50()()11~5,‬‬ ‫~‪0111111‬‬ ‫~‪0()1101‬‬ ‫‪()0~~..‬‬

‫‪226‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪5(1~~11~5).‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111~(111113)1 0~ 3 0311~()1, ~(1~1 ~~11, 5013( ~~11, 0( 0111~( 0~ 50(1(~~.‬‬
‫‪111~ 1)1~1~31 5111~1~-~1135~ 0(11~(115 3(~ (1) 120 ~ 31 60 1-12, (2) 220 ~ 31 50 1-12, 3110‬‬
‫~(‪(3) 115 ~ 31 400 1-12. ~0( 111~11-~0~~( 111(~~-~1135~ 5)151~1115, 1)1~1~31 0(11~(115 3‬‬
‫‪(1) 220/380 ~ 31 50 1-12,(2) 120/208 ~ 31 60 1-12,3110(3) 115/200 ~ 31 400 1-12.‬‬
‫‪111~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ 0(0301)1‬‬ ‫‪~1355111~0‬‬ ‫‪11110 1~0‬‬ ‫)‪1)1~~5~ (1‬‬ ‫~‪5111~1~-~1135‬‬ ‫‪111~~(1~(5,‬‬
‫)‪3110 (2‬‬ ‫~‪111(~~-~1135‬‬ ‫‪111~~(1~(5.‬‬ ‫~~‪~3~111)1‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ 511001~10~0‬‬ ‫‪11110 ~0(1( ~31~~0(1~5,‬‬
‫~‪0~~~110111‬‬ ‫~~‪011 111~ 1)1‬‬ ‫(‪0~ 111)1(1510‬‬ ‫)‪~01111111113110115~ (3‬‬ ‫‪~1115~ ~10111‬‬ ‫‪11100(11311011‬‬
‫)~~~(‬ ‫‪111~~(1~(,‬‬ ‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪(~50113111111~~(1~(,‬‬ ‫)~(‬ ‫‪3(1)(1113()1 ~011111111131~0 111~~(1~(,‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫)‪(0‬‬
‫‪~0111~1~111~1113()1‬‬ ‫‪~0111111(1131~0‬‬ ‫‪111~~(1~(.‬‬ ‫(~‪~11 111~~(1‬‬ ‫‪15 ~311~0‬‬ ‫‪3 110/((18~-/~(/‬‬ ‫‪11111~,.(~,.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(~~1‬‬ ‫~~‪1~ 111~ 111~(11 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪(~11131115 ~011513111, 3 (/11,.~11(-/~(/‬‬ ‫)‪11111~,.(~,. (~~1‬‬ ‫‪1~ 111~ 111~(11‬‬
‫‪~(1((~11115‬‬ ‫‪111311113111~0 ~011513111,‬‬ ‫~~‪3110 3 11(1,.1(10/~ (/( /111/(~(/ 11111~,.(~,.1~ 111~ 111~(11 ~0113‬‬
‫‪15 ~0111(011301~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪~(111~1~1‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 5111~1~-~1135‬‬ ‫‪111~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬ ‫‪~)(~13111~0‬‬ ‫‪~1111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-13.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪111-‬‬
‫(~‪~~(1‬‬ ‫‪~1(~(111 ~01151515 0~ 1~0‬‬ ‫‪~110~~~(5.‬‬ ‫‪~11~11‬‬ ‫(‪0111)11(31151510‬‬ ‫(‪(21 15 111(11~0 011 ~0‬‬
‫‪3 11111~ 10/2,‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 111513111311~0(15 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪3~(055‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪1)0 15 ~5/2.‬‬ ‫(‪1~ 1(31151510‬‬ ‫‪(22‬‬
‫‪0111)115 1(1(11~0 011 ~0( 3 11111~ 10/2,‬‬ ‫‪- ~.12 3~~~3(5‬‬ ‫‪3~(055 111~ 1030.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10~1~ ~1(~(111‬‬
‫‪5110(110 0~ 0~51~11~0‬‬ ‫‪5(1~1111131 (21 3110 (22 3(~ 11011(1(11~0‬‬ ‫‪011 31111~ 53111~ 11111~.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~(1‬‬
‫‪8-10‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~3~~~0(1115‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 0111~(11 ~0113‬‬ ‫(‪3110 1(31151510‬‬ ‫‪~(1((~1115‬‬ ‫‪~1111 3‬‬
‫~~‪(~51511‬‬ ‫‪1030.‬‬ ‫(~‪11115111~~(1‬‬ ‫‪(~()111(~5‬‬ ‫‪3111(~~-~1(~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 5011(~~,‬‬ ‫(‪3110 ~11~11 31(31151510‬‬

‫‪= ~0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~80‬‬

‫‪_~ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(~) ~81/910,,.,,5‬‬ ‫‪~~~~ ,95~5~.1/9 ~080‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪58~. 8-2‬‬ ‫‪227‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪15 011, 115 .-~~~.-5~ ~011(1~~ 15 ~5 1051~(10 01 ~,/2.‬‬ ‫‪11115 10~~.-1~.- 15 /(00~0‬‬ ‫‪35 (1 ))(111-‬‬
‫‪6,10-/5€ (11))€,(€,.‬‬
‫‪111~ .-015 01.11~1.11~011(1~~ ~(10 0~ 101.100 1.-001‬‬

‫)‪(8-1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪2~,‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪1,3,5,..‬‬
‫())(‪0- 510 11‬‬
‫‪1170‬‬
‫)‪(8-2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪10.- 11‬‬ ‫‪= 2, 4, ...‬‬
‫‪~11~.-~ ()) = 27010 15 111~ 1.-~((1.1~0~~ 01 01.11~1.11~011(1~~ 10 .-(10/5.‬‬ ‫‪~0.- 11‬‬ ‫‪1, ~((.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(8-2) ~1~~5 111~ .-015 ~(111.1~0111.100(101~01(11 ~001~00~015‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫‪2~5‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.45~5‬‬ ‫)‪(8-3‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪70‬‬

‫‪~0.-‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫~~‪1001.1~11‬‬

‫~‪10(10, 111~ 10(10 ~1.1 ~01 ~(10001 ~11(10~~ 10101~01(11~1~ ~1111111‬‬
‫‪01.11~1.11 ~011(1~~.‬‬ ‫‪11 (21 15 11.1.-0~0 011 (11 ( = 10/2,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 10(10 ~1.1 ~01 ~01.110 ~001101.1‬‬
‫‪10 110~ 111.-01.1~111)2, 10(10, (100 111~ 10~~.- 11(11101111~ 0~ 501.1.-~~ 1.10111111~ ~1.1 ~011(1115‬‬
‫‪10 2~.-0.‬‬ ‫‪$10111(1.-1~, ~11~0 (22 15 11.1.-0~0 011 (11 ( = 10, 111~ 10(10 ~1.1 ~01110~5‬‬ ‫‪111.-01.1~11‬‬
‫‪1)1, 10(10, (100 111~ 1.1~~~.- 11(111 01111~ 0~ 501.1.-~~.‬‬ ‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪1)1 0.- 1)2 ~0001.1~15,‬‬
‫~~‪~0~.-‬‬ ‫‪15 1~0‬‬ ‫(‪0(1~/‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 0~ 501.1.-~~ (100‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0100‬‬ ‫‪15 /(00~0‬‬ ‫(‪(15 31€€0-6(1~/‬‬ ‫‪0-100-€.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪~1~1.1.-~ 8-1‬‬
‫~~‪1001.1~11‬‬
‫‪(0001.1(15‬‬
‫‪01.1(1100‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~~.-100‬‬
‫‪5110~5‬‬
‫‪10(105.‬‬
‫~‪001‬‬
‫‪111~ 1030‬‬
‫~‪11 ~(10 0‬‬
‫‪10.- 10/2‬‬ ‫‪(0.-‬‬
‫‪01 (1 1.-(1051510.-‬‬
‫‪1.-(1051510.-5‬‬ ‫‪((10‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪~1.1 ~01‬‬
‫‪0011~~0‬‬
‫‪900).‬‬
‫‪~01.110‬‬
‫‪.-~~1(1(~0‬‬
‫‪(100‬‬

‫~‪0~~~0010‬‬

‫‪0~ 0105‬‬
‫‪~0001.1~1100‬‬

‫‪~(1.-~ 1.-001‬‬
‫‪00‬‬
‫‪101~.-~(115 01 0~~1~~5‬‬
‫~~‪111(11 10.- ~1.1.-~1~ 1001.1~11‬‬
‫‪111~ 10(10 ~0~~.-‬‬
‫‪90 10 1800.‬‬

‫‪0.- 10.-~~0-(001011.11(11~0‬‬ ‫‪111~.-1510.-5.‬‬

‫‪10305,‬‬
‫‪1(1(10.-,‬‬
‫~‪10.- ~1.1.-~1‬‬
‫‪(1 1.-(1051510.-‬‬
‫‪111~ (00-‬‬

‫~‪11 (011 15 111~ 11.1.-0-0111101‬‬ ‫‪01 (1 111~.-1510.-, 111~.-~ 011.151 0~ (1 01101011.101 0~1(1~ 1101~ 01‬‬
‫‪(011 0~1~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 01.11~010‬‬ ‫~‪111~.-1510.- (10011.-10‬‬ ‫~‪01111~ 0~)(110(00110‬‬ ‫‪111~.-1510.-.‬‬ ‫‪0111~.--‬‬
‫‪~15~,‬‬ ‫‪(15110.-1-(1.-(1.111‬‬ ‫‪(00011100‬‬ ‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫‪.-~51.111111.-01.1~11111~ 1~0‬‬ ‫‪111~.-1510.-5.‬‬ ‫‪111~.-~10.-~,‬‬
‫‪111~ (13)(1011.101‬‬ ‫‪(0001.1(1100‬‬ ‫‪1101~ 01 (1 111~.-1510.- ~01.110‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪10/2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪(011.‬‬ ‫‪10 ~.-(1~11(~,‬‬
‫‪~~~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1.-(1051510.-5‬‬ ‫‪.-~((1.11.-~ (1 (~.-1(110‬‬ ‫‪11.1.-0-00‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪11.1.-0-0111101~.‬‬ ‫‪~0.-‬‬ ‫‪51.1((~5511.11‬‬
‫‪0~~.-(11100‬‬ ‫‪0110~~.-1~.-5,‬‬ ‫~(‪111~ 10~1~ ~1.-(1.111 51101.110 13/‬‬ ‫‪111~5~ 1010‬‬ ‫‪(1((01.101.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪01.11~1.11 01 ~.-(1~11((1110~~.-1~.-5‬‬ ‫‪(001(110‬‬ ‫‪(~.-1(110‬‬ ‫‪11(1.-01001(5‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪111~ ((1.1(1111~ 01 (10‬‬
‫‪10~~.-1~.-‬‬ ‫~‪15 00.-01(111‬‬ ‫~‪~~(111.1(11~0 10 1~.-015 01111‬‬ ‫~‪10110~10‬‬ ‫~(‪~~.-10.-01(10‬‬ ‫‪~(1.-(101~1~.-5.‬‬

‫~‪~8..~00.‬‬ ‫‪18~10.., ~~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11(1.-01001( 1(1(10.- (0111111 11(1.-01001(), ~111(11 15 (1‬‬
‫‪01~(151.1.-~011001~101.1(1111(1.-01001~ (001.-101.11100, 15 0~110~0 (15‬‬

‫)‪(8-4‬‬

‫‪228‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~(~‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪~1 15 10‬‬ ‫~‪(1115 ~(111.1~ 0110‬‬ ‫‪11.1110(1111~111(11~0111~011~111‬‬ ‫~‪(1110 ~/1 15 10~ (1115 ~(111.1‬‬
‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫~‪/1100(1(1110111‬‬ ‫‪~0111~011~111.‬‬

‫~‪1013~ ~3~010.,.‬‬ ‫‪().510~.0.,,‬‬ ‫‪1~().‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 101(110(1(1110111‬‬

‫‪01510(11011,~01~015‬‬
‫‪(1 111~(151.1(~ 01 ~105~11~55‬‬ ‫~~‪111 50(1‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪(1 ~(1~~10(111‬‬ ‫‪(1110 115 11.1110(1111~111(11~0111-‬‬

‫‪~011~111,‬‬ ‫‪15 0~1111~0‬‬ ‫‪(15‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪1/2‬‬

‫= ‪11-10‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪/1~~,‬‬
‫~~‬
‫)‬ ‫)‪(8-5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪().510~1.0.,‬‬ ‫‪13~10~, ()~.‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 11-10 ~1~~5 10~ 101(110(1(1110111‬‬
‫‪~0111~111,01.1111‬‬
‫‪00~5‬‬ ‫~‪110111101~(11‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 1~~~1 01 ~(1~00(1(1110111‬‬ ‫‪~0111~011~111.‬‬ ‫~‪11 (1 1111~( 15 1.15~0 (1110‬‬
‫‪01.11~1.11 01111~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(~‪01~0~(-0(0‬‬ ‫‪0(1(1110111~5 ~01.110‬‬ ‫~(‪0~ (111~111.1(11~0 1110‬‬ ‫‪~11~~-‬‬
‫‪11~~1)/.‬‬ ‫‪10~(~10(~,‬‬ ‫~~‪/(110~1~0‬‬ ‫‪01 0010‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1(~().1.1~11~)/ (1110 111(1~11111.10~ 01 ~(1~0‬‬ ‫‪0(1(-‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1110111~ 15 1111~0(1(1111.‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 01510(11011 1(1~10( 11101~(11~5 10~ (111101.1111010(1(1110111‬‬ ‫‪015-‬‬
‫‪10(11011 10(11 (~111(11115 111 (1 ~(1(11~1.11(1( ~(1~~10(111 (111~( 10~ 0(1(1110111~5 0110(11 ~(1~~10(111‬‬
‫(~‪0(1~~ 0~~11 51.10)~~1~0 10 (1 5~~0110-0(0‬‬ ‫‪(111~111.1(111011(1.~., 01~10~0‬‬ ‫‪0)/ (12).‬‬ ‫~‪101.15 0‬‬

‫‪15 (1 111~(151.1(~ 01 ~11~~11~~11~55 111 (~01.1~111~ 1.111~(1111~0 0(1(1110111~5 ~11001.11‬‬ ‫‪0(1~111~ 10‬‬
‫(~‪5~~~11)/ 10~ ~(111.1~5 01 (1 5~~0110-0(0‬‬ ‫‪10(10 1111~( (1110 15 0~1111~0 (15‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪(.,0~951-0~()9‬‬
‫‪1110111~ ~0111~011~111‬‬ ‫~‪~005‬‬
‫‪~3~010.,.~,‬‬ ‫‪(.,0~.‬‬
‫‪1(~().1.1~11~)/ 15 ~105~51‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(~‪10~~51-0(0‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫~‪0(1(1110111‬‬ ‫‪15 10(11 0(1(-‬‬
‫‪11.1110(1111~111(11011~,‬‬ ‫‪(1110 115‬‬
‫(~‪(1111~1111.10~ 15 ~(~(11‬‬ ‫‪10(111 0( ~().1.1(1110 3%‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪11.1110(1111~111(11~0111~011~111.‬‬

‫‪~)(3111()1~ 8-1‬‬

‫‪~ 5111~1~-~11(15~ 11(111-0(10~~ 111~~..1~.. 111~1~. 8-1(1 11(15(1 ..~51511.,,~ 10(10 01 ~ = 2.4 11 (1110‬‬
‫‪111~ 0~ 111~1.11.,,011(1~~ 15 ~$ = 48~.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~..111111~ 111~ ((1) ..1115 01.11~1.11.,,011(1~~ (11 111‬‬
‫‪11.1110(1111~111(111..~().1.1~11~~,‬‬
‫~‪~1‬‬ ‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪01.11~1.11~0~~..,‬‬ ‫‪~0~ (~) (1.,,~..(1~~ (1110 ~~(1/( ~1.1 ~1115 01‬‬
‫‪~(1~111.(11151510.~ (0) ~~(1/( .~.,,~.5~ 010~/(111~ .,,011(1~~ 0( ~(1~111.(11151510., ~8~ (~) 101(11‬‬
‫‪11(1.1110111~01510.11011,‬‬ ‫‪11-10 ~ (1) 01510.11011 1(1~10.,‬‬ ‫‪0 ~~ (1110 (~) 11(1.1110111~1(1~10.. (1110‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪01510.11011 1(1~10. 0( 111~ 10~~51-0.0~..‬‬ ‫‪11(1.1110111~.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪8011.1~100~, = 48 ~ (1110~ = 2.411.‬‬

‫‪((1) ~.0111~().. (8-3), ~1 = 0.45 )( 48 = 21.6~.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~.0111 ~().. (8-1), ~0 = ~)2 = 48/2 = 24~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 01.11~1.11‬‬
‫= ‪~0~~., ~0‬‬
‫‪~~~ = 242/2.4 = 240 ~.‬‬
‫‪(~) 111~ ~~(1/( 1.(11151510. ~1.1..~111, /,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪24/2.4‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪10~.‬‬ ‫‪5111~~ ~(1~11 1.(11151510.‬‬
‫()‬
‫)(‪~01101.1~1510. (1 50% 01.11~~~~1~, 111~(1.,,~.(1~~~1.1..~11101 ~(1~111.(11151510.15/‬‬ ‫‪= 0.5‬‬
‫‪10 = 5 ~.‬‬
‫‪)( 24 = 48 ~.‬‬
‫‪(0) 111~~~(1/(.~.,,~.5~ 010~/(111~.,,011(1~~,~8 = 2‬‬

‫‪58~. 8-3‬‬ ‫‪229‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~~0111~(). (8-5),11-11) = 0.217611./(0.4511.) = 48.34%.‬‬

‫‪(1) ~~0111 ~().‬‬ ‫‪(8-2),‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫‪( ~~~,‬‬ ‫)) (‬
‫~‪11‬‬
‫( =‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫) ‪(~) (1-) (/‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫‪+...‬‬
‫)‬ ‫‪= 0.0171211.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~~0111~(). (8-6), 1)~ = 0.0171211)(0.4511.) = 3.804%.‬‬
‫~~‪(8) 111~ 10~~81-0~(/‬‬ ‫‪113~111001( 18 111~ 1111~(/, 113‬‬ ‫‪11/3.‬‬ ‫‪~~0111 8().‬‬ ‫‪(8-4),‬‬ ‫‪1-1~3‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪~(). (8-7), 1)~3 = (11/32)/111 = 1/27 = 3.704%.‬‬
‫‪= 113/111= 1/3 = 33.33%, 30(/ 1~0111‬‬

‫‪~11~0‬‬
‫‪3~~~3(8‬‬
‫~‪111~ ~01138‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~ 81081~-~1138~0(108~ 10~~(1~( 18 8110~0 10 ~18. 8-23.‬‬
‫‪1(3081810(8‬‬
‫‪3~(088‬‬
‫‪3~(088‬‬
‫‪~01138~ 18 8110~0 10 ~18. 8-20.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪(21 300‬‬
‫‪111~ 1030.‬‬
‫‪111~ 1030‬‬
‫~(‪(22 3‬‬
‫‪111(3081810(8‬‬
‫‪111(0~0‬‬

‫‪18 (~~~(8~0‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬

‫‪00‬‬
‫‪(23 300‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪1/.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪18 - 115.‬‬

‫‪0/80‬‬
‫‪11 ~0081818 011011( ~110~~~(8.‬‬
‫‪81111111130~01181~,‬‬
‫~(‪(24 3‬‬ ‫‪111(0~0‬‬
‫~‪111~ 10~111 ~01138‬‬
‫‪00‬‬
‫‪111~ ~3~~10(111‬‬
‫~‪31111‬‬ ‫‪83111~ 11111~,‬‬
‫‪10( 111~ 0111~111‬‬
‫‪115‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫~‬
‫( ‪01 02 ~01 02 ~ 03 04 ~03 04‬‬
‫‪011‬‬ ‫‪011‬‬ ‫‪011‬‬ ‫‪011‬‬

‫‪230‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪111~ (1118 001~01‬‬ ‫~‪~01138~ ~30 0~ 1000‬‬ ‫‪1(0111‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪1012‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪= - 1‬‬
‫‪10 0‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪~25 0,1‬‬
‫)‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~0 .‬‬ ‫)‪(8-8‬‬

‫‪~()031100‬‬ ‫)‪(8-2‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~~~‪~)(1~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~)(~(~88‬‬ ‫‪111~ 108130130~008‬‬ ‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫~‪~01138‬‬ ‫‪10 3‬‬
‫(~‪~00(1‬‬ ‫‪8~(1~8‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬
‫)‪1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪4~5.‬‬
‫‪-1170 810‬‬ ‫‪11(,)1‬‬ ‫)‪(8-9‬‬
‫‪11=1,3,5...‬‬

‫‪30~ 10( 11 = 1, ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(8-9‬‬ ‫‪81~~8 111~ (1118 ~310~ 01100~3111~0131‬‬ ‫‪~0111~00~01‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪4‬‬ ‫(‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0. 90~5‬‬ ‫)‪8-10‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪70‬‬

‫~~‪~11~0 ~10~~8 1)1 30~ 1)2 ~00~0~1, 111~ ~0~(8)1181‬‬ ‫~‪03~~ 10 111~ ~~ 800(~~ 311‬‬
‫~‪111~)13(~ ~00~0 38 /~~0,0(1~/( 0,,00,~$. ~180(~ 8-1~ 8110~8111~ ~3~~10(11101103‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪10( 111~0~11~~ 103~8.‬‬
‫‪~~301~1~ 8-2‬‬
‫‪~~11~31‬‬ ‫~‪6)(3(11111‬‬ ‫(‪8-110‬‬ ‫~‪3 8111~1~-110.38‬‬ ‫~~‪0(10‬‬ ‫(~‪111~~(1‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-23.‬‬

‫‪80101100 ~5 = 48 ..., 3110~ = 2.4 0.‬‬

‫‪)( 48 = 43.2...,.‬‬
‫‪(3) ~(0(11 6(). (8-10), ~1 = 0.90‬‬
‫‪(0) ~(0(11 6(). (8-8), ~0 = ~5 = 48...,. 10.~ 01.11111.11‬‬
‫= ~‪110~~(, ,,0 = ~~/‬‬
‫‪482/2.4 = 960~.‬‬
‫(‪(~) 10.~ 11~3/( 1(31181810( ~1.1((~111,/,, = 48/2.4 = 20 /1... 5111~~ ~3~0.1(31181810‬‬
‫‪~01101.1~1810( 3 50% 01.11)1~)1~1~, 10.~ 3~~(3~~ ~1.1((~11101 ~3~0. 1(31181810( 18 //) = 0.5‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪20 = 10 /1...‬‬
‫‪(0) 10.~ 11~3/( (~~~(8~ 010~/(111~~0113~~, ~1/ = 48...,.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪(~) ~(0(11 6(). (8-10), ~1 = 0.9~5‬‬

‫‪~(0(11 6(). (8-5),11-10‬‬

‫‪(~~,7‬‬
‫)~~‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪= (~6 -‬‬
‫‪~~)1/2 = 0.4352~5‬‬

‫)‪= 0.4352~/(0.9~5‬‬ ‫‪= 48.34%.‬‬

‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫‪(~~)1/2‬‬ ‫‪= 0.03424~5‬‬

‫‪(~~~7.‬‬

‫‪~(0(11 6(). (8-6),011‬‬ ‫)‪= 0.03424~/(0.9~5‬‬ ‫‪= 3.804%.‬‬

‫‪~1/3.‬‬ ‫‪~(0(11 6().‬‬ ‫‪(8-4),‬‬ ‫‪1-1113‬‬
‫(~‪(~) 10.~ 10~~81-0(0‬‬ ‫= ‪0.3((110111~ 18 10.~ 10.1(0, ~3‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪~3/~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1/3 = 33.33%‬‬ ‫‪31101(0(11 6(). (8-7),0113‬‬ ‫‪= (~3/32)/~1‬‬ ‫‪= 1/27 = 3.704%.‬‬

‫~‪1-/01~. 111~ ~~3‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(8‬‬ ‫~‪010~~1118 ~01138‬‬ ‫(‪01 ~3~111(31181810‬‬ ‫‪311~ 111~ ()03111)1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪01001~01‬‬ ‫~‪~01138~ 10( 11311-0(1~8‬‬ ‫~‪311~ 1011-0(1~8‬‬ ‫‪10~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 111~ 83111~.‬‬ ‫‪110~~~~(,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪10( 1011-0(1~8‬‬ ‫‪10~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫‪~1111 (~81811~~ 103~8, 111~ 001~01‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫(~‪18 100( 11111~8 111811‬‬
‫~‪30‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1011~3111~0131‬‬ ‫‪~0111~00~01‬‬ ‫~~‪18 1~1‬‬ ‫~‪11130 11131 0111311-0(1~8‬‬ ‫‪111~~(1~(8.‬‬

‫~‪~~301~1‬‬ ‫‪8-3‬‬
‫‪100,‬‬ ‫‪1. = 31.5 (111-1, 3110‬‬
‫~~‪10.~ 0(10‬‬ ‫‪111~~(1~( 111111~. 8-230.38‬‬ ‫= ~ ‪311 ~1.~ 1030 ~110.‬‬
‫‪~ = 112 ,...11. 10.~ 111~~(1~( 1(~()1.1~11~)1, 10 = 60 1-12 3110 0~ 111111.11‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~, ~5 = 220‬‬
‫‪...,. (3) 6)(11(~88 10.~ 111813111311~01.181030 ~1.1((~1111111101.1(1~( 8~(1~8.‬‬ ‫)‪~31~1.1131~ 10.~ (0‬‬
‫‪((118 1030 ~1.1((~1113110.~ 11.11103(11~111311(~()1.1~11~)1,/1 ~ (~) 0.3((110111~ 13~10( 011030 ~1.1((~111,‬‬

‫‪231‬‬
‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪8-4‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪1-1~~ (0) ..,0~~( 3050(0~0‬‬ ‫)(( ‪0)11/1~ 1030, ~0~ (~) 3~~(3~~ ~11((~111 0( 0~ 511..,..,1)1~/, 3110‬‬
‫‪(1115 3110 ..,~3)( ~11((~111 0( ~3~/1 1(31151510(.‬‬ ‫~‪(~) 0(3‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ ~3~~(0(111‬‬ ‫‪0( (111103111~11131‬‬
‫‪1030 ~11((~111 3110 5/10~ 1/1~ ~011011~11011 1111~(~315 0( 1(31151510(5 3110 0100~5.‬‬ ‫~‪~31~11131‬‬
‫‪1/1~ ~011011~11011 11111~0( 1/1~ (/1) 1(31151510(5, 3110 (1) 0100~5.‬‬

‫‪801111100‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪= 220 ~, 10 = 60 1-12, 8. = 10 0, ~ = 31.5 1111-1,~ = 112 ~~, 3110‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪(11‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪270‬‬ ‫‪60 = 377 (30/5.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 111011~11~~ (~3~1311~~ (0( 1/1~ /11/1 /13(1110111~ ~0113~~ 15‬‬

‫_‪)(/‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬

‫=‬ ‫‪2/170‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪31.5‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬
‫‪= /11.87/10‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~‪1/1~ ~3..,3~111~~ (~3~1311~~ (0( 1/1~ /11/1 /13(1110111~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪106‬‬ ‫‪-123.68‬‬
‫~()‬
‫‪= -‬‬
‫‪2/170‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪60‬‬ ‫()‬
‫= ‪112‬‬ ‫‪/1‬‬
‫‪..,....‬‬
‫~~‪1/1~ 1111..,~0311~~ (0( 1/1~ /11/1 /13(1110111~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪2~ = (102 + (11.87/1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪23.6//1)2)1/2‬‬

‫(~~‪3110 1/1~ ..,0‬‬ ‫(‪(3~10‬‬ ‫‪311~1~ (0( 1/1~ /11/1 /13(1110111~ ~0113~~ 15‬‬

‫‪_ 2.346‬‬
‫‪6 ,, --‬‬ ‫‪1311 -1‬‬
‫‪11.87/1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪23.6//1‬‬ ‫_‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1311 -1‬‬
‫‪(.‬‬‫‪1 187 /1‬‬
‫‪/1‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪(3) ~(0111 ~((. (8-9), 1/1~ 111513111311~0115‬‬
‫‪0111..,111~0113~~ ~311 0~ ~)(..,(~55~0 35‬‬

‫)‪1)0(/) = 280.1 5111(377/‬‬ ‫() ‪)( 377/) + 56.02 5111(5‬‬

‫‪+ 93.4 5111(3‬‬ ‫)‪377/‬‬
‫() ‪)( 377/) + 31.125111 (9‬‬
‫‪+ 40.025111 (7‬‬ ‫‪377/) + . . .‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪01~10111~ 1/1~ 0111..,111~0113~~ 0)11/1~ 1030 1111..,~0311~~ 3110 ~011510~(111~ 1/1~ 3..,..,(0..,(131‬‬
‫‪0~13)1 011~ 10 1/1~ ..,0~~( (3~10( 311~1~5, ~~ ~311 0013111 1/1~ 111513111311~01151030 ~11((~111‬‬
‫‪35‬‬

‫)‪10(/) = 18.15111 (377/ + 49.720‬‬

‫‪+ 5111 (5‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪377/‬‬ ‫)‪79.630‬‬
‫‪+ 3.175111 (3‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪377/‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪70.170‬‬

‫)‪82.850‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+ 0.5 5111 (7‬‬ ‫‪377/‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫()‬ ‫‪. . .‬‬
‫‪+ 0.3 5111 (9‬‬ ‫‪377/‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪84.520‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪(0) 1/1~ (1115 1030 ~11((~111 31 (111103111~11131((~((11~11~)1,‬‬ ‫‪12.8,.1,..‬‬
‫‪/1 = 18.1/--/2‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪(~) ~011510~(111~ 11.., 10 1/1~ 111111/1/13(1110111~, 1/1~ ..,~3)( 1030 ~11((~111,‬‬

‫‪/,~ = (18.12 + 3.172 + 1.02 + 0.52 + 0.32)1/2 = 18.41,.1,.‬‬

‫(‪1/1~ /13(1110111~ (3~10‬‬ ‫‪0( 1030 ~11((~111,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪(/‬‬
‫= ‪~,,.~~1)1/2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪_1‬‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫= ~‪1-1‬‬
‫)‪(( 118~~1‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪= 18.59%‬‬

‫‪(0) 1/1~ (11151030 ~11((~111, /0 = 18.41/--/2‬‬

‫()‬ ‫‪= 13.02 ,.1,., 3110 1/1~ 1030 ()0~~(.‬‬
‫‪~0 = 13.022‬‬ ‫‪10 = 1695~.‬‬
‫‪(~) 1/1~ 3~~(3~~ 511..,..,1)1‬‬
‫‪~11((~111,/,‬‬
‫‪= 1695/220 = 7.7,.1,..‬‬
‫‪(() 1/1~ ..,~3)( 1(31151510(~11((~111,/,,‬‬
‫‪= 18.41,.1,.. 1/1~ (1115~11((~1110( ~3~/11(311-‬‬
‫‪51510(,/,, = /,,/--/2 = /,,/2 = 18.41/2‬‬
‫‪= 9.2,.1,..‬‬
‫‪(~) 1/1~ ~3~~(0(111 (0( (111103111~111311030 ~11((~111, 11(/), 15 5/10~11 111~1~. 8.3.‬‬
‫)(‪(/1) ~(0111 ~1~. 8-33, 1/1~ ~011011~11011 11111~0( ~3~/11(31151510( 15 1011110 ((0111 /‬‬
‫‪180‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪49.72 = 130.280‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪/0‬‬ ‫‪= 130.28‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪70/(180‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪377) = 6031 ~5.‬‬

‫‪232‬‬
 ‫)((~‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪25‬‬
‫‪21.14‬‬
‫‪20‬‬

‫‪15‬‬
‫~‪~~008(1160(8‬‬ ‫(‪~~~~60‬‬
‫‪/1‬‬
‫)((‪/~1‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪-..‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪-..‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪....‬‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫(‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫~‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪-5‬‬
‫‪/1‬‬ ‫‪16.667‬‬ ‫‪(115‬‬
‫‪(/‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫·‬
‫‪(~ = 2.638‬‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫‪(115‬‬
‫‪-10‬‬

‫‪-15‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪...‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬

‫‪-20‬‬ ‫‪.100‬‬

‫‪-25‬‬

‫‪,,.‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪((/‬‬
‫‪= (180 - 130.28) 180 )( 377 = 2302 ~5‬‬

‫‪1-/0(~. 10 ~31~0131~ 10~ ~)(3~1 ~310~8 0110~ ~~3/( ~0((~01,‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~0000~600‬‬ ‫~‪601‬‬

‫‪(0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪011(3081810(8‬‬ ‫‪300 0100~8, 10~ 108130130~008‬‬
‫‪800~0 10 ~1~. 8-3.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~0000~1100‬‬
‫)((‪10(( = (0) = 0, 300 3 ~101 0110‬‬
‫‪= 5694 ~8, 300 (~ = 2638 ~8.‬‬
‫)((‪1030 ~0((~0110‬‬
‫‪601~ 01 3 1(3081810( 01081 83681~ 10~ ~00011100‬‬
‫‪0~ 3 ~001~01~( ~(0~(301‬‬ ‫‪~1~~8 1(1 = 21.14 ~,‬‬
‫‪800010 0~ ~1011~0 38‬‬

‫~‪10(~~-~038‬‬ ‫(‪10~~(1~(8 3(~ 00(01311~ 08~010‬‬ ‫(~~‪01~0-~0‬‬ ‫‪3~~11~36008.‬‬ ‫~~(‪10‬‬ ‫‪810~1~-‬‬

‫‪~038~ 0311 (0( 1011)-0(10~~ 10~~(1~(8 ~30 0~ ~000~~1~0 10 ~3(311~1 38 800~0 10 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪8-43 10 10(01 10~ ~0011~0(31100‬‬ ‫~‪01 3 10(~~-~038‬‬ ‫‪10~~(1~(.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~3110~ 81~0318 01‬‬
‫‪0( 0~13~~0 0~ 1200 ~110 (~8~~~110 ~3~0‬‬
‫‪810~1~-~038~ 10~~(1~(8 800010 0~ 30~30~~0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪010~( 10 0(0~( 10 001310 10(~~-~038‬‬ ‫)‪03130~~0 (1000301~0131‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~8.‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1(308-‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~(‪10(01~( ~(1013(~ ~10010~8 01081 0~ 180131~0 1(001 ~3~0 010~(, ~011~ 10~ 8~~0003‬‬
‫‪~10010~8 013~ 0~ ~000~~1~010‬‬ ‫~‪~~~ 0( 0~113. 10~ 1(30810(01~( 8~~0003(~ 18 00(01311‬‬
‫‪~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫~~~ ‪10‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~11011031‬‬ ‫‪1(1~1~0‬‬ ‫‪03(01001~8‬‬ ‫~(‬ ‫‪= 3, 6, 9, . . .) 3~~~3(10~ 00‬‬
‫‪10~ 001~01‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~8 300 10~ ~1(~011 3((30~~01~01‬‬ ‫‪18 800~0 10 ~1~. 8-40.‬‬ ‫‪1018 3(-‬‬
‫‪(30~~01~01‬‬ ‫‪(~~01(~8 10(~~ 810~1~-~038~ 1(30810(01~(8,‬‬ ‫‪121(3081810(8‬‬ ‫‪(0( 10~(1810(8),‬‬
‫‪300 12 0100~8.‬‬ ‫~‪1110~ 001~01 ~0113~~8 01 810~1~-~038~ 10~~(1~(8 3(~ 001 ~~(1~~11‬‬
‫~‪03130~~0 10 013~01100~8 300 ~038~8, 10~ 10(~~-~038‬‬ ‫‪001~01 ~0113~~8 ~111 0~ 00-‬‬
‫‪031(10~~0.‬‬

‫‪5€~. 8-5‬‬ ‫‪233‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪-,,.‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫~‪~(1,,,808‬‬ ‫~‪~~1,‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪.....‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
‫(‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪~(1,,,8~8‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫~‪,,,6‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪...‬‬
‫‪~/‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪~~(1,,,8~8‬‬ ‫~‪~1,‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫~‪(8) 5~,,8~81,‬‬

‫‪05‬‬ ‫‪05.‬‬

‫‪...‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪~~1‬‬ ‫‪~8‬‬
‫‪8‬‬

‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪02.‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪(~) 8,~~~,1 (1~89~8‬‬

‫~‪20..‬‬ ‫‪8-4‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~~~-))/1~5‬‬ ‫‪111,,,~~1~~ (0~~~0‬‬ ‫~~~‪0)11/1‬‬ ‫‪5111~1~-))/1~5~ 111,,,~~(~~5.‬‬

‫~‬ ‫~‪111(~~-~1138‬‬ ‫‪0111~111 ~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ 001310~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 3 ~0011~11(31100‬‬ ‫‪01 81)( 1(3081810(8‬‬
‫‪300 81)( 0100~8‬‬ ‫‪38 8110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 )=01~. 8-53.‬‬ ‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫(‪1(3081810‬‬ ‫‪(21 18 8~11~11~0‬‬ ‫‪00,‬‬ ‫‪1~(1111031‬‬
‫‪(1 18 ~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫~~‪10 111~ ~08111‬‬ ‫‪1~(1111031‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪0~ 10~111 ~0113~~.‬‬ ‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫(‪1(3081810‬‬
‫‪(24 18 8~11~11~0‬‬ ‫‪00,‬‬ ‫‪1~(1111031 (1 18 0(011~11110‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 0~~311‬‬ ‫~‪1~(1111031 01111‬‬ ‫‪0~ 8011(~~.‬‬
‫~(~‪111‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪81)( 11100~8‬‬ ‫‪010~~(31100‬‬ ‫‪10 3 ~)1~1~ 300‬‬ ‫‪111~ 011(31100‬‬ ‫~‪01 ~3~1111100‬‬ ‫‪18 600.‬‬

‫‪234‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪03‬‬ ‫‪05‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪~04‬‬
‫‪06‬‬ ‫‪02‬‬

‫)‪(8‬‬ ‫(~)(~~~~‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪92‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪93‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪94‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪95‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪96‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪10~ 1((1051510(5 (1(~ 01.1(00~(~0 10 10~ 5~()1.1~0~~ 0~ ~(1110~ 10~ 1((1051510(5 (~.~., 123,‬‬
‫‪234, 345, 456, 561, 612) (100 ~(1~0 1((1051510( ~0001.1~15 ~0( 1800.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~(1110~ 51~0(115‬‬
‫‪500~010‬‬ ‫‪~1~. 8-50 (1(~ 501~1~0 ~(0(0 ~(1~0 010~( 0~ 60010 001(110 10(~~-~0(15~ 0(11(10~~0‬‬
‫‪(~1.100(1(0~01(11) ~011(1~~5.‬‬
‫‪10~ 10(10 (0(1~ 0~ ~000~~1~0 10 ~~~ 0( 0~11(1 (15 500~0 10 ~1~. 8-6.‬‬ ‫‪~0( (1 0~11(1-‬‬
‫‪~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪10(10, 10~ ~0(15~ ~1.1((~015 ~(10 0~ 001(110~0 01(~~11~ ~(0(0 10~ 110~-10-110‬‬
‫‪~011(1~~5. 00~~ 10~ ~0(15~ ~1.1((~015 (1(~ ~00~0,‬‬ ‫‪10~ 110~ ~1.1((~015 ~(10 0~ 0~1~((010~0.‬‬
‫‪~0( (1 ~~~-~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10(10, 10~ 110~-10-0~1.11((11 ~011(1~~5 (01.1510~ 0~1~((010~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~100‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪8-5‬‬ ‫‪235‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~~‬
‫‪(8) 08~18-~0008~180‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪111~ 1111~(0( ~1135~) ~11((~1115. 111~(~ 3(~ 111(~~ (1100~5 01 0~~(311011 1113 11311-~)1~1‬‬
‫‪3110 111~ ~()111.,,31~1116(~11115 3(~ 5110~11 111~18. 8-73.‬‬
‫‪011(1118 (1100~ 1 10( 0 ~ ())( ~ -../3,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‬ ‫~‪3‬‬
‫~~~‬ ‫‪~ +‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪17,‬‬ ‫‪2175‬‬
‫‪/1‬‬
‫~‪~~~3‬‬

‫~‪/1‬‬ ‫‪175‬‬
‫‪1)0/1‬‬ ‫‪1)0/1‬‬ ‫‪= 2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪- 2175‬‬
‫‪1)0/1‬‬ ‫~‪-/1‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫‪~0081‬‬
‫‪8‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬
‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪~0082‬‬
‫‪8‬‬

‫‪~8‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~3‬‬

‫‪~5‬‬
‫‪8‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪~0083‬‬
‫‪8‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪~8‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪(8) ~(1~~1/8~801‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~~15‬‬

‫‪1/.0‬‬
‫‪2~.13- --‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪236‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪1)6~ (100‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪10~ 110~-10-0~01((11 ...011(1~~5 (1(~ 500~0‬‬

‫)‪1‬‬

‫‪1)~~ ~(10 0~ 10000‬‬

‫‪(~5~~~11...~1)1‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪~6‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪,,6‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪10 ~1~. 8-70.‬‬

‫‪/)~6 15 50111~0 0)1 70/6 (100 10~ ~...~0 0(1((0001~5 (1(~ ~~(0,‬‬

‫‪/1~1,3,5,...‬‬

‫‪1(0(0‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬
‫‪4115‬‬
‫‪-~70‬‬
‫)‪(8-11‬‬
‫‪10~ 1051(101(10~005 110~-10-‬‬
‫‪110~ ...011(1~~, 1)~6, 10 ~1~. 8-50 ~(10 0~ ~)(~(~55~0 10 (1 ~00(1~( 5~(1~5, (~~0~01~10~ 10(11‬‬

‫‪~05‬‬
‫‪~70.‬‬
‫‪-6‬‬ ‫~ ‪510‬‬

‫~‪0)1 ~0(15‬‬
‫(‬
‫())(‬
‫‪+ -‬‬

‫~‪5011110‬‬
‫‪70‬‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪1)~6 0)11200‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬
‫) ‪(8-11‬‬

‫‪2400,‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪/1~1,3,5,...‬‬
‫‪4115‬‬

‫‪~70‬‬
‫‪~05‬‬
‫‪~70‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
‫~ ‪510‬‬
‫(‬
‫())(‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫)‪(8-12‬‬

‫_‬ ‫)‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪4115‬‬ ‫‪~70‬‬
‫())((~ ‪510‬‬ ‫)‪(8-13‬‬
‫~~)‪1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~05‬‬
‫‪770‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪/1~1,3,5,...‬‬ ‫‪~70‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪~~ ~(10 0011~~ 1(0(0 ~~5. (8-11),‬‬ ‫‪(8-12),‬‬ ‫‪(100 (8-13) 10(11 10~ 1(1~1~0 0(1((0001~5‬‬
‫‪(~ = 3, 9, 15, . . .) ~0010 0~ ~~(0 10 10~ 110~-10-110~ ...011(1~~5.‬‬
‫‪1(0(0‬‬
‫‪10~ 110~-10-110~ ((05 ...011(1~~ ~(10 0~ 10000‬‬

‫)‪(8-14‬‬

‫‪237‬‬
‫‪58~. 8-5‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~0(,,‬‬
‫‪= 1, 111~ (1115 ~3111~ 01111003111~0131‬‬ ‫‪~0111~00~01‬‬ ‫~‪~30 0~ 101100 1(0111 111~ ~~3‬‬
‫~ )‪1113~011110~ 10 8(). (8-11‬‬

‫‪4 ~5 ~05 300‬‬

‫= ‪111.1‬‬ ‫‪= 0.7797115‬‬ ‫)‪(8-15‬‬
‫‪070‬‬
‫‪111~ (1115 ~3111~ 01110~-10-0~111(31‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~5‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ 101100‬‬ ‫~‪1(0111 111~ ~1135‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~,‬‬

‫‪~ 1.‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬

‫‪~/1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.4714~5‬‬ ‫)‪(8-16‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫~‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~1111‬‬ ‫~~‪(~51511‬‬ ‫‪10305,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0100~5‬‬ ‫‪3~(055‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1(3051510(5‬‬ ‫‪113~~ 00‬‬ ‫‪1110~11005.‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫‪111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪15 10011~11~~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~11((~01‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~3~11 3(111 01111‬‬ ‫(~‪10~~(1‬‬ ‫‪~01110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0~13~~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪115~0113~~ 35 5110~0 10 ~1~. 8-8.‬‬ ‫(‪~11~0 1(3051510‬‬
‫~‪~4 10 ~1~. 8-53 15 011, 111~001‬‬
‫‪~310‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 0~~311‬‬ ‫‪110~ ~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪1,, 15 111(011~11 /)1-‬‬ ‫~~‪1-1~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪1~(1111031‬‬ ‫‪(1 15‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫~~(‪10 111~ 0~ 5011‬‬ ‫‪111(011~11 /)1‬‬ ‫‪110111111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪(~~~(5~5‬‬ ‫~‪115 ~013(11‬‬
‫‪311‬‬ ‫‪= 11.‬‬ ‫(‪011(10~ 10~ ~~(10010( 0 ~ 1~ 1), 1(3051510‬‬
‫‪~1 ~111001 ~00011~1. 51111113(1~,‬‬
‫(‪1(3051510‬‬ ‫)‪~4 ~111 001~ 513(1 10 ~00011~1 31 1 = 12. 111~ 1(3051510(5 (0( 111~(1510(5‬‬
‫‪11111510~ ~001101101151~ ~31~0, 510~~ 111~ ~00011~1100 11111~011(3051510(5‬‬ ‫‪300 0100~5‬‬
‫‪0~~~005‬‬ ‫(~~‪00 111~ 1030 ~0‬‬ ‫‪13~10(.‬‬

‫‪2~ ,)3‬‬
‫‪~,)3‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪...~11..~ 8-8‬‬ ‫~‪111~~~-~1135‬‬ ‫‪1/1,,,~~(~~ ~1(11‬‬
‫_‪~1- 1030‬‬

‫~‪~~301.,1‬‬ ‫‪8-4‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪111(~~-~1135‬‬ ‫(~‪10~~(1‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-53‬‬ ‫~~‪1135 3 ~)1~-~01111~~1‬‬ ‫~‪(~51511,,,‬‬ ‫~‪103‬‬ ‫~ ‪01‬‬ ‫‪= 10‬‬
‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10~~(1~( 1(~()1.1~11~)11510 = 60 112 311~ 111~ ~~ 111~1.11,,,0113~~ 15 ~5 = 220 ~.‬‬
‫‪(3) ~)(~(~55 111~ 111513111311~01.151111~-10-1111~ ,,,0113~~, 11./)(1), 311~ 1111~~1.1((~111, 1.(1), 1113‬‬
‫‪~01.1(1~( 5~(1~5.‬‬ ‫‪0~1~(111.111~ 111~ (0) (111.51111~,,,0113~~,‬‬
‫~‪~1.~ (~) ~111.5~1135~ ,,,0113~~, ~,,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪(~) (111.5110~ ,,,0113~~ 31111~ 11.10~3111.~01311(~()1.1~11~)1, ~ 1.1~ (~) (111.5~1135~ ,,,0113~~ 31 111‬‬
‫‪11.111~3111.~111311(~()1.1~11~)1,‬‬
‫‪~,,1~ (1) 10131113(111.0111~ ~1510(11011, 1110~ (~) ~1510(110013~10(,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫(~~(‪0~~ (11) 113(111.0111~13~10( 311~ ~1510(11011 13~10( 01111~ 10~~51-0‬‬ ‫~‪113(111.0111~~(1) 103‬‬
‫‪~0~~(,‬‬ ‫‪/10~ 0) 3,,,~(3~~ 1(31151510~ ~1.1((~111, /0~ 311~ (/() ~111.51(31151510~ ~1.1~(~111, /8..‬‬

‫‪8011.111011 ~5 = 220~,‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫)‪0‬‬ ‫()‬

‫=‬ ‫‪100,10‬‬ ‫~‪= 60 112, 311‬‬ ‫‪= 2,.‬‬ ‫‪60 = 377 (3~/5.‬‬
‫)‪(3‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪11151311130~01.15‬‬ ‫~‪1111~-10-1111‬‬ ‫~~‪,,,0113‬‬ ‫)‪11./)(1‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬ ‫‪~~111~11‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫)‪11./)(1) = 242.58 5111(3771 + 300) - 48.52 51115(3771 + 300‬‬

‫)‪- 34.66 51117(3771 + 300) + 22.05 511111(3771 + 300‬‬

‫)‪+ 18.66 511113(3771 + 300‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪14.27 511117(3771 + 300) +‬‬

‫‪238‬‬
 ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~0(15~ ~011(1~~ 15 1)~~(() = 1/~,,(()/‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪~110 (1 0~1(1~ 01 300, (1110 01~10111~ 10~ ~0(15‬‬
‫‪~011(1~~ 0~ 10~ 10(10 1~5151(111~~ (~ = 10 0) ~1~~5 10~ 11151(1111(111~0115‬‬‫‪(01 ~0(15~) ~1111~111‬‬
‫‪(15‬‬
‫)(‪1~(() = 14 5111 (377() - 2.801 51115(377‬‬

‫‪- 2.0 51117(377() + 1.273 511111(3770‬‬

‫)(‪+ 1.0775111 13(377() - 0.8245111 17(377‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪(0) ~10111~~. (8-14), 1/1-= 0.8165 )( 220 = 179.63~.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~10111~~. (8-16), 1/,, = 0.4714 )( 220 = 103.7~.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~10111~~. (8-15), 1//.1 = 0.7797 )( 220 = 171.53~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(~) 1/,,1 = 1/1-1/~ = 99.03 ~.‬‬
‫~‪(1) ~10111 ~~. (8-14), 1/1-1 = 0.77971/‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫)~‪1/‬‬ ‫‪= (1/~ -‬‬ ‫~‪1/~)1/2 = 0.242361/‬‬
‫‪(~5~11‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~10111~~. (8-5),11-10‬‬ ‫)~‪= 0.242361//(0.77971/‬‬ ‫‪= 31.08%.‬‬

‫)~(‬ ‫‪(~~)1/2‬‬ ‫~‪= 0.006681/‬‬

‫‪~~~5~11,‬‬
‫)~‪~10111~~. (8-6), 0~ = 0.006681//(0.77971/‬‬ ‫‪= 0.857%.‬‬
‫~‪(0) 10‬‬ ‫‪10~~51-010~1‬‬ ‫‪0(111110111~1510~ 11110, 1/1-5 = 1/1-1/5.‬‬ ‫‪~10111 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪(8-4),‬‬ ‫‪1-1~5‬‬

‫‪= 1/1-5/1/1-1= 1/5 = 20%, (1110110111~~. (8-7), 0~5 = (1/1-5/52)/1/1-1= 1/125 = 0.8%.‬‬
‫‪(1) ~01 ~~~-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10(105, 10~ 1111~~1111~111 15 10~ 5(1111~(15 10~ ~0(15~ ~1111~111‬‬
‫= ‪(1110 10~ 111151111~~(111~111, 11-‬‬ ‫‪1/,,/10‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪103.7/10‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪10.37~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪10(10 ~0~~1,‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪110 = 31/,,1,, = 3‬‬ ‫‪103.9‬‬ ‫‪10.37‬‬ ‫‪= 3226.4‬‬ ‫~‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪()) 10~ (1~~1(1~~ 5(1~~1~ ~(111~111, 1~ = 110/220 = 3226.4/220‬‬
‫‪(1~~1(1~~ 11(111515101 ~(111~111, 10 = 14.67/3‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪4.89‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫~‪= 14.67 ~ (1110 10‬‬

‫‪(/() 8111~~ 10~ 1111~~(111~11115 50(11~0 0~ 1~011(1115151015, 10~ 11115~(11(1~ 01 (111(111515101‬‬

‫‪~(111~11115 18,‬‬ ‫‪= 11-/0 = 10.37/0 = 7.33 ~.‬‬

‫~‪10 10(10‬‬ ‫‪10005111(11‬‬ ‫‪(1~~11~(111005,‬‬ ‫‪11 15 011~0‬‬ ‫‪1~()011~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~001101111‬‬ ‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬
‫‪0110~~11~15‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫~~‪10 ~0‬‬ ‫‪~1111 111~ ~(111(111005‬‬ ‫~‪01 0‬‬ ‫‪10~01‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫‪101‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬
‫‪1~~01(11100‬‬ ‫‪0110~~11~15,‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬ ‫‪101 111~ ~0051(101‬‬ ‫~~‪~0115/11~()0~0‬‬ ‫‪~001101‬‬ ‫‪1~()011~-‬‬
‫‪10~01.‬‬ ‫~‪111~1‬‬ ‫‪(11~ ~(111005‬‬ ‫‪1~~1101()0~5‬‬ ‫‪10 ~(11~ 111~ 10~~11~1‬‬ ‫‪~(110.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10051‬‬ ‫‪~111~1~01‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪10~11100‬‬ ‫~‪01 ~001101110‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(110 ((100‬‬ ‫‪001~0.‬‬ ‫)~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪15 10 10~01~01(11‬‬ ‫‪~015~-~10111-‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪100001(11100‬‬ ‫)~~~(‬ ‫‪~001101‬‬ ‫‪~111110 111~ 10~~(~~15.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~01010001‬‬ ‫‪05~0‬‬ ‫‪1~~1101()0~5‬‬
‫~~‪(11‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪510~1~-~015~-~10111100001(11100‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪~0111~1~-~015~-~10111100001(11100‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪51005010(11 ~015~-~10111100001(11100‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪~00111~0 51005010(11~015~-~10111100001(11100‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪~11(15~-015~1(1~~10~01‬‬ ‫‪~001101‬‬

‫‪58~. 8-6‬‬ ‫‪239‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫~‪()8~~16~ 519(18‬‬

‫‪~6/6~6(1~6‬‬
‫‪,,,,‬‬
‫~‪519(18‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~,.,1‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬

‫‪~~~~~~~~91‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~-‬‬ ‫~_ ‪0‬‬ ‫~‪8816 5~9(18‬‬
‫~‪/0~1~8(15~510‬‬
‫‪01‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪,.,1‬‬
‫‪1(_0‬‬ ‫(‪1‬‬ ‫(‪1‬‬
‫~‪~+‬‬ ‫(‪21‬‬
‫‪94‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪8816 5~9(18~/0~ 04‬‬ ‫‪,.,1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫(‪1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪-,,0‬‬ ‫(‪21‬‬

‫‪~5‬‬
‫_‪_0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1(_0‬‬ ‫(‪1‬‬
‫~‪~+‬‬
‫(‪1‬‬
‫(‪31‬‬ ‫(‪21‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪-~5‬‬

‫‪8-9‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪10 510~1~-11015~-~10111111000131100‬‬
‫‪111~ ~10111‬‬

‫~~‪0(10‬‬
‫‪5110~5‬‬

‫~~‪(~1~(~0‬‬
‫~‪01111‬‬
‫‪111~ ~~0~(31100‬‬
‫‪10~~(1~(5.‬‬
‫‪51~031‬‬
‫‪11015~ 15 ~3(1~0‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪01 31111111100~,‬‬
‫~‪01 ~3110‬‬
‫~‪~3110‬‬
‫‪~.,‬‬
‫‪~001(01,‬‬
‫‪10 ~001(01‬‬

‫‪51~0315‬‬
‫‪51~0315‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬
‫~‪111~(~ 15 001)1 00‬‬

‫‪300‬‬
‫(~‪111~ 10~~(1‬‬

‫‪~~0~(31~0‬‬
‫(‪~1111 3 1(130~013‬‬
‫‪0011101‬‬

‫(~‪~3((1‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬
‫‪11015~ 11~( 11311-~)1~1~ 300‬‬
‫‪0011101‬‬

‫~‪0)1 ~0111113(10‬‬
‫~~‪~3‬‬
‫‪~0113~~.‬‬
‫~‪01 510~1~-111135‬‬
‫(‪3 (~~130~013‬‬
‫‪01 31111111100~,‬‬
‫~(‪~1~0‬‬
‫‪1011-‬‬

‫‪~~.‬‬
‫‪111~ 1(~()0~0~)1‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫(~‪~3((1‬‬ ‫~~‪~3‬‬ ‫‪0~1~(11110~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10003111~01311(~()0~0~)1‬‬ ‫‪010011101‬‬
‫‪~0113~~.‬‬ ‫~‪13)1 ~3()110‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 0 10 ~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111.115~~10111,‬‬ ‫‪0, ~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~3(1~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 0 10‬‬
‫‪1800.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (3110‬‬ ‫‪01 ~.‬‬ ‫~~ ‪10‬‬ ‫‪15 111~ ~001(01‬‬ ‫~‪~3(1301‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪0~110~0‬‬ ‫‪35 111~ 11100,/1/(1(/011‬‬
‫‪/110,~~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111000131100‬‬ ‫‪100~)(,‬‬

‫)‪(8-17‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(70+8)/2‬‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪= (- 1‬‬ ‫‪~~ 0,(0)0‬‬
‫)‬
‫)‪(8-18‬‬
‫‪270 (70-8)/2‬‬

‫(~‪111~ ~00(1‬‬ ‫‪5~(1~5‬‬ ‫‪01 0011101‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪)11~105‬‬

‫‪4 ~5‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪110‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪510‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪510‬‬ ‫()‪110‬‬ ‫)‪(8-19‬‬
‫‪1170‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫~‬ ‫(~‪~01111101‬‬ ‫‪11(0~(3111‬‬ ‫‪03111~0‬‬ ‫‪~~0(1-5‬‬ ‫‪15 0~~~1011~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~~31031‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11~(10(111-‬‬
‫~~‪30‬‬ ‫‪01 510~1~-111.115~ 111001.1131100‬‬ ‫~‪10( 510~1~-111135‬‬ ‫~~‪1011-0(10‬‬ ‫‪10~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11(0-‬‬

‫‪240‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪0.6‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪~1~(1..~ 8-10‬‬ ‫‪11~(111001~ ()(0(11~ 0( 510~1~-‬‬
‫‪()(115~-~1011111100(11~1100‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪~(3111 15 1151~0 10 ~()()~001)( ~.‬‬ ‫~‪~1~11(~ 8-10 500~5 10~ 03(111001~ ()(0111~ ~110 10‬‬
‫‪,,,3(131100 011110011131100 100~)(,~.‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 0011110301 03(111001~ 15 10~ 101(0, 300 10‬‬
‫‪01510(1100‬‬ ‫‪13~10( 10~(~35~5‬‬ ‫‪51~0111~3011~ 31 3 10~ 0111()111,,,0113~~.‬‬

‫‪10~ 03(111001~ ~001~01 ~30 0~ (~011~~0 0~ 11510~ 5~,,,~(31 ()1115~5 10 ~3~0 0311-~~~1~ 01‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪0111()111,,,0113~~. 10~ ~~0~(31100 01 ~3110~ 51~031510( 111(010~ 00 300 011011(3051510(5‬‬
‫‪15 500~0‬‬
‫‪~3,,,~.‬‬
‫(~‪10 ~1~. 8-113 0~ ~0111()3(10~ 3 (~1~(~0~~ 51~031 ~110 3 1(130~1113( ~3((1‬‬
‫~‪10~ 1(~~1.1~0~~ 01 (~1~(~0~~ 51~031 5~15 10~ 0111()1111(~~11~0~~, /0, 300 10‬‬
‫‪~3((1~( 1(~~11~0~~, /0 0~1~(11110~5 10~ 0111110~( 01 ()1115~5 ()~( 0311-~~~1~,~.‬‬
‫‪1110011131100 100~)( ~001(015 10~ 0111()111 ,,,0113~~.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪1015 1~()~ 01111001.1131100 15 3150‬‬
‫‪~00~0‬‬ ‫‪35 1111/./0,.,11~11/5~-~/.0.(/1. 11100.11/(1(/.011(0~~~).‬‬ ‫(~)( ‪10~ 01.11110~( 01 ()1115~5‬‬
‫‪0311-~~~1~ 15 101100 1(0111‬‬

‫)‪(8-20‬‬

‫‪,,,3(1~5 10~ ()1115~ ~1010‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 0 10‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~ ()~‪,,,3(131100 011110011131100 100‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 0 10 1‬‬
‫‪-../~ 300 10~ 0111()111 ,,,0113~~ 1(0111 0 10 115.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪0111()111 ,,,0113~~ 10( 510~1~-()035‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0(10~~ 10,,,~(1~(5 15 500~0 10 ~1~. 8-110.‬‬
‫‪110‬‬ ‫‪15 10~ ~1010‬‬ ‫‪01 ~3~0‬‬ ‫~~‪()1115~, 10~ (1115 0111()111 ,,,0113‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ 101100‬‬ ‫‪1(0111‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(.,,/,,+0)/2‬‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬
‫~‪2‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪11 = -‬‬ ‫)(‪1120.((0‬‬ ‫‪= 115‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫) ‪(8- 21‬‬
‫~‬
‫)(‬
‫_‬
‫‪( 2-.. ~(.,,/,,‬‬ ‫‪8)/2‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫)‬ ‫‪-..‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~~0~(31‬‬ ‫(~‪10(111 01 3 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪5~(1~5‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪105130130~0115‬‬ ‫~~‪01.11()111 ,,,0113‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫)((‪1)0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‬

‫‪,,~ 1.3.5...‬‬
‫‪(..4,, ~05‬‬ ‫)(‪11(0( + 3,, 510 11(0‬‬ ‫)‪(8-22‬‬

‫‪58~. 8-6‬‬ ‫‪241‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪,,0‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪011‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~0~~~1~1~1118 .4,,‬‬
‫~‪0~ ()1.118~8 81.1~0 1011110‬‬
‫‪811111~ ~1010‬‬

‫~~‪1~ 10~ ()08111‬‬

‫(~‪10, 10~ ~01.1(1‬‬

‫‪(1,,‬‬ ‫=‬
‫~‪2‬‬
‫‪11110 13,, 111 8().‬‬

‫‪~0~~~1~1~1118‬‬

‫‪---2‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫_‪1‬‬
‫‪()(~+8‬‬
‫~~‪()08111‬‬

‫‪~~~~~18 0~ 1111()1.118~8 ~11110~ ~01110111~0‬‬

‫‪8111(18‬‬ ‫()‪111 ().‬‬

‫‪~08 11().)(€1(().)0‬‬
‫)‪(8-22‬‬

‫=‬
‫(~‪10~~10‬‬
‫()‪()1.118~ 0~ 11110 ()111( 8111(18 111 ().‬‬
‫‪~1111 0~ 0~1~(111111~0‬‬
‫()‪()1.118~ 0~ 01.1(1111011 5 8111(18 111 ().‬‬
‫‪10 +~.‬‬

‫~(‪~0( 11 ()111( 0~ ()1.118~8 11‬‬

‫=‬
‫~‪2‬‬
‫~‪10 0011111110‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪~,,,‬‬
‫~‪0)1 ~011810~(111‬‬

‫=‬
‫~~‪~~~~~11‬‬

‫)‪---2 (811111(~,,, + 5) - 811111~,,,‬‬

‫‪1110‬‬
‫(‪11 ()111‬‬
‫~~‪~ 11110 10~ 11~~1111‬‬
‫‪1018 18 800~11 111~1~. 8-110.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪01.11()1.11~01111~~.‬‬
‫()‪11110 ~1108 111 ().‬‬ ‫‪= ~,,, +‬‬

‫)‪(8-23‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪4 ~5 . 115.‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪= -1110‬‬ ‫‪8111 -‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫~ ‪8111 11‬‬
‫)‪( ,,, 2‬‬ ‫‪+-‬‬ ‫)‪(8-24‬‬

‫)‪(8-25‬‬

‫‪13,,‬‬ ‫)‪(8-26‬‬

‫‪242‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫)‪~0/=(%‬‬
‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪5.0‬‬
‫‪~=5‬‬

‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪4.0‬‬

‫‪0.6‬‬ ‫‪3.0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬

‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪0.6‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~1~11..~ 8-12‬‬ ‫~‪113(010111‬‬ ‫‪()(0111~ 01 01111()()1~-‬‬
‫‪()111$~-~10111 01001113()011.‬‬

‫~‬ ‫(~‪~0111~01‬‬ ‫‪~(0~((1111‬‬ ‫‪11(1111~0 ~~00-5‬‬ ‫‪18 08~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~~(110(11‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~~(10(111(111‬‬
‫~‪011110111~1‬‬ ‫~‪~018‬‬ ‫‪1110001(111011,‬‬ ‫‪(10.0 111~ ~(0~((1111‬‬ ‫‪18 1181~0 111 ~~~~0.(1)(~.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~0‬‬
‫‪8-12‬‬ ‫‪8110~8‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 11(1(1110111~ ~(0111‬‬ ‫‪(1~(111181111~ ~(1(1(111011 011110001(111011‬‬ ‫~~‪1110~)( 10( 11‬‬
‫‪~018~8‬‬ ‫(~~‬ ‫‪11(111-~)1~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(~‪0(0‬‬ ‫‪0111(1(1110111~8‬‬ ‫~‪18 111~ 8(1111~ (18 111(11 01 8111~1~-~018‬‬
‫‪1110001(111011.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪01810(11011‬‬ ‫(‪1(1~10‬‬ ‫‪18 (~00~~0‬‬ ‫‪81~11111~(11111)1 ~0111~(1(~0‬‬ ‫‪10 111(11 01‬‬
‫~‪8111~1~-~018‬‬ ‫‪1110001(111011.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫~‪00‬‬ ‫(~~(‪10 111~ 1(1‬‬ ‫(~‪1101110‬‬ ‫~‪018~11~11111‬‬ ‫‪011 (10.0‬‬

‫~‪0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪011 ~(0~~88~8‬‬
‫‪~(~(18~.‬‬
‫‪10~~(,‬‬
‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬
‫‪1111~(~0‬‬
‫(~~(‪~11111(1‬‬

‫‪001.‬‬
‫‪001‬‬
‫(~~‪01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪1((11181810(8‬‬
‫‪~(110~8‬‬
‫‪111~ (1111~11100~8‬‬
‫(~‪80~11111~11~(-0(0‬‬
‫‪01 ~,‬‬
‫(‪(0‬‬

‫~‪01 80111‬‬
‫~~‪11(1(1110111~8 ~(000‬‬
‫‪111)1(1810(8),‬‬
‫‪111~ (1111~11100~8‬‬
‫(~‪111~11~(-0(0‬‬
‫~‪111~ 8~11~11111‬‬
‫(~‪0110~~(-0(0‬‬
‫‪1088~8‬‬

‫‪11(1(1110111~8 ~0010‬‬
‫~‪11~~11~101‬‬ ‫~‪(1~~1‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬
‫‪~0010‬‬
‫‪11(1(1110111~8 ~0010‬‬
‫‪111~(~(18~.‬‬
‫~‪~(10. ~(1811)1 0‬‬
‫‪111-‬‬

‫‪11181~(10 01111(11111(111110.~ 111~ ~10111‬‬ ‫‪01 (111 ~018~8‬‬ ‫‪111~ 8(1111~ (18 111 111~ ~(18~ 011110111~1~-‬‬
‫‪~018~ 1110001(111011, 111~ ~10111 01 ~(1~11 ~018~ 18 ~(1(1~0 111 ~(0~0(1100.‬‬ ‫~‪10 111~ (1111~11100‬‬
‫‪01 (1 8111~ ~(1~~ ~~(110(11~0 (11 111~ ~~111~( 01111~ 8(1111~ ~018~.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 01810(11011 1(1~10‬‬
‫(~‪(1110 10~~(-0(0‬‬ ‫‪11(1(1110111~8 (1(~ (~00~~0‬‬ ‫‪81~11111~(11111)1. 111~ ~(11111~ 81~0.(118 (18 8110~11‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-13(1‬‬ ‫~(‪(1‬‬ ‫‪~~11~((11~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 ~0111~(1(111‬‬ ‫‪(1 811108010(11‬‬ ‫~~‪(~1~(~11‬‬ ‫‪81~11(11 ~1111‬‬
‫(‪1(1(111~01(1‬‬ ‫(~‪~(1((1‬‬ ‫~~‪~(1‬‬ ‫‪011(~().0~0.~)1,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪/0.‬‬ ‫‪11118 1)1~~ 01 1110001(11100. 18 ~01111110(11)1‬‬

‫‪08~0‬‬ ‫‪111 1110081(1(11 (1~~11~(11100.8‬‬ ‫‪(1110 (100(~~1(11~0‬‬ ‫‪(18 5~~~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1(~().0~11~)1 01 (~1-‬‬
‫~~‪~(~0.‬‬ ‫‪81~0.(11, /0 0~1~(111111~8 111~ 111~~(1~( 001~01‬‬ ‫~‪1(~().0~11~)1, /0, (1110 118 ~~(1‬‬ ‫‪(1111-‬‬
‫‪~11100~,‬‬ ‫‪.4~, ~0111(018 111~ 1110001(111011 10.0~)(, ~,‬‬ ‫‪(1110 (1118 001~01‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫‪~0.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫(~‪1101110‬‬ ‫‪01 ~018~8‬‬ ‫(~~‬ ‫‪11(111-~)1~1~ 0~~~1108‬‬ ‫(~‪011 111~ ~(1((1‬‬ ‫‪1(~().0~11~)1.‬‬ ‫‪~1111111‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~01181((11111111(111~0‬‬ ‫‪1((11181810(8‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪8(1111~ (1(111 (()1‬‬ ‫)‪(1110 ()4‬‬ ‫‪~(10.0.01 ~00.00~1‬‬ ‫~‪(11111‬‬
‫‪8(1111~ 11111~, 111~ 11181(10.1(111~008‬‬ ‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪18 8110~11‬‬ ‫‪10. ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-13(1.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪8(1111‬‬
‫‪~(11111~ 81~11(118 ~(111 0~ ~~11~((11~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 08111~ 011101(~~11011(11‬‬ ‫(~‪1(1(111~01(1( ~(1((1‬‬ ‫~~‪~(1‬‬ ‫‪(18‬‬
‫‪8110~0.‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-130.‬‬

‫‪58~. 8-6‬‬ ‫‪243‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪~616~8(1~8‬‬
‫~‪5~9(18.‬‬

‫‪2,,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪91‬‬
‫(‪(0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2,,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫_‪9‬‬
‫(‪(0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪-,,.‬‬

‫(‪(0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2,,‬‬

‫‪- -,,.‬‬
‫)‪(8.‬‬

‫‪,,,0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪,,,,‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫~‪~-‬‬
‫‪- ,,,0‬‬

‫(‪(0‬‬

‫)‪(0‬‬

‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫~‪(1115 01.11))1.11~01138‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ ~3(1~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 0 10 115 0)1 ~3()11118 1/1~ 111001.11311011‬‬
‫‪1110~)( 1-.11(0111‬‬ ‫‪0 10 1.‬‬ ‫‪11 ~311 0~ 005~(~~0‬‬ ‫~‪1/1311/1‬‬ ‫‪3(~3‬‬ ‫‪01 ~3~/1 ))1.115~ ~0((~5))01105‬‬
‫‪3))))(0)(111131~1)110‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 3(~3‬‬ ‫~~‪1.1110~( 1/1~ 5111~ ~3‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ (0)3~~11111110))011115‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪011 ))~(1005‬‬ ‫‪011 1/1~ 8311118 51811315.‬‬ ‫‪11 0~ 15 1/1~ ~101/1‬‬ ‫‪011111/1‬‬ ‫‪))1.115~, ~()..‬‬ ‫)‪(8-21‬‬ ‫‪~311‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0~ ~)(1~110~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 11110 1/1~ (1115 01.11))1.11~01138‬‬

‫‪1/2‬‬

‫‪110‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪115‬‬

‫~(‬‫‪,,,~ 1‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪70‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫)‪(8-27‬‬

‫)‪~().1.13110115 (8-25‬‬ ‫)‪3110 (8-26‬‬ ‫‪~311 3150 0~ 3))))11~0‬‬ ‫(~‪10 0~1~(111111~ 1/1~ ~01.1(1‬‬ ‫‪~0~111~1~1115‬‬
‫~‪01 01.11))1.11~01138‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫‪11,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‬

‫‪~~1‬‬
‫‪2115‬‬
‫‪1170‬‬
‫)~‪(511111(0.~ + 0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪5111110.,,,‬‬ ‫)‪(8-28‬‬

‫‪244‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫)‪(8-29‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪~0111~111~1‬‬ ‫‪~10~1(1111‬‬ ‫‪0.(1111~0 ~~0(1-6‬‬ ‫‪15 0~~~10~~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 0~1~111110.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~1010‬‬
‫‪01 ~1115~5‬‬ ‫~‪(10.0 10 ~~(1111(11~ 10‬‬ ‫~‪0(1111100.1‬‬ ‫~‪~10111‬‬ ‫‪01 510.115010(11 11100111(11100..‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫~‪0(1111100.1~ ~10111‬‬ ‫‪15 500~0.‬‬ ‫‪10. ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-14‬‬ ‫~~‪10111‬‬ ‫‪~1115~5 ~~10(111-~)1~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪0151011100.‬‬
‫‪1(1~10115‬‬ ‫‪51~0.111~(10.11)11~011~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111~(11~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 10(11 0111111111~1~-~1115‬‬ ‫‪1110011)(11100..‬‬ ‫‪1015‬‬
‫‪1)1~~ 01 1110011)(11100.‬‬ ‫‪~1111110.(11~5 (111 0(1111100.1~5‬‬ ‫~‪1~55 10(10. 01 ~((11(11 10 2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪~01‬‬

‫‪~ = 5, 10~ 10~~51-010~1‬‬ ‫‪0(1111100.1~ 15 0.10.10.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪0~(%‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪0.8‬‬
‫‪~=5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0.8‬‬
‫‪0.6‬‬

‫‪0.6‬‬

‫‪0.4‬‬
‫‪0.4‬‬
‫‪~11 =~13‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1.0‬‬
‫‪----------------‬‬
‫‪-- -‬‬
‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪0.6‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫_‬

‫‪0.4‬‬
‫‪~9=~15‬‬
‫‪-- --‬‬
‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.2‬‬

‫‪~1~(1..~ 8-14‬‬ ‫‪1-13..111001~ ()..0(11~ 0( 51(1)-‬‬

‫‪501031 ~1)15~-~10(/1-111001)13(100.‬‬

‫‪~1~111~ 8-13‬‬ ‫~‪10.01~(11~5 10(1110‬‬ ‫‪~10105‬‬ ‫~‪01 ~1115~5 10(11 (11~ 0.~(11~1 10~ ~~(1)( 0110‬‬ ‫~‪510.‬‬
‫~~‪~(1‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫~~‪0.01 ~0(10.‬‬ ‫‪51~0.111~(10.11)1 ~110‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~(111(11100. 011110011)(11100.‬‬ ‫‪10.0~)(.‬‬ ‫‪1015‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪011~ 10 10~ ~0(11(1~1~11511~5‬‬ ‫‪01 (1 510.~ ~(1~~,‬‬ ‫~~~‪(10.0 10~ 5‬‬ ‫~‪1~~00.1((11‬‬ ‫‪~(10. 0~ 11100111~0‬‬
‫~‪50 10(11 10‬‬ ‫~~‪~(1111~1 ~(1‬‬ ‫‪15 (1~~11~0‬‬ ‫‪011110.~ 10~ 11151 (10.0 )(151 600 10.1~1~(1)5‬‬ ‫‪~~1‬‬ ‫‪0(111-‬‬
‫‪~)1~1~ (~.~.,‬‬ ‫‪010‬‬ ‫‪600 (10.0120010‬‬ ‫‪1800).‬‬ ‫~~‪10151)1‬‬ ‫‪0111100111(11100.15‬‬ ‫‪)(0.0~0.‬‬ ‫~~~‪(15 ~5‬‬
‫‪(10.0 500~0.‬‬ ‫‪10. ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-15.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1110.0(1111~0.1(11 ~0111~00.~0.11510.~1~(15~0‬‬ ‫~‪(10.01150(1111100.1‬‬
‫‪~0(113~1~11511~5‬‬ ‫‪(11~ 1111~10~~0.‬‬ ‫‪111~011~~5‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 0.111110~1 015~11~010.‬‬ ‫‪01 ~0~~1‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(10.0 3150‬‬ ‫‪1~011~~5‬‬ ‫~‪5~11~010.‬‬ ‫‪1055~5.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‬ ‫‪~0111~111~1‬‬ ‫‪~10~1(1111‬‬ ‫‪0.(1111~0 ~~0(1-7,‬‬ ‫‪~01~015‬‬ ‫‪)151~0‬‬ ‫()‪10. ~~~~0.01‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪0~1~1-‬‬
‫‪11110.~5 10~ ~1115~ ~10105‬‬ ‫~‪(10.0 ~~(1111(11~5 10‬‬ ‫~~‪~~110111130.‬‬ ‫‪0111100111~0‬‬ ‫‪5~~~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪0.111110~1 01 ~11)5~5,‬‬ ‫‪(), 10. 10~ 600 ~~1100‬‬ ‫‪15 110(1113)))11~131~0‬‬ ‫‪10 10~ 11~((11~11~)113110,‬‬
‫~‪~(1111~11)(111)110. 101~~-~0(15‬‬ ‫‪10.~~11~15, 0)1‬‬

‫)‪(8-30‬‬

‫‪58~. 8-6‬‬ ‫‪245‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪91‬‬

‫(‪,.,‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪94‬‬
‫(‪,.,‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫~~‪~ 0113‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ 0013111~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1115111~ 11111111~1~ 111~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪3110 511111111111~111~ 0111~111‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~0113~~5‬‬ ‫‪0~ 11101~101131 111~~(1~(5.‬‬
‫‪~311 0~ ~~(~~1~~0‬‬
‫‪015~13~~111~111 ~(0011~~5‬‬
‫)‪(0( 015~13~~111~111‬‬
‫‪35 111~ 5111110~ 1~0‬‬
‫~~‪311 0111~111 ~0113‬‬
‫~‪311~1~ 0‬‬
‫‪111~ (1115 0111~111 ~0113~~,‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪~(0011~~5‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‪5111~1~-~1135‬‬
‫~~‪1131~-0(10‬‬
‫‪35 5110~11 111 ~1~. 8-16~,‬‬
‫~~‪~1111-0(10‬‬
‫‪111~~(1~(5111‬‬
‫‪~11~(~35‬‬
‫‪311 0111~111 35 5110~11 111 ~1~. 8-16~.‬‬
‫‪~1~.‬‬
‫(~‪111~~(1‬‬
‫‪8-13.‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-23‬‬
‫~‪1800 ~1135‬‬
‫‪3 0~13)1‬‬

‫)‪(8-31‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪2~5.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫()‪5111110‬‬
‫‪/1 ~ 1,3,5,..‬‬ ‫‪1170‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪111513111311~0115 0111~111 ~0113~~,‬‬

‫‪2~5‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪/1~1,3,5,...‬‬ ‫‪1170‬‬
‫‪(5111 110)( -‬‬ ‫()‪5111 11(0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫))~‬ ‫)‪(8-32‬‬

‫~‪5111~~ 5111‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪5111 13‬‬ ‫~(( ‪= 2 5111((~ + 13)/2) ~05‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪13)/2), ~~,‬‬ ‫~‪(8-32) ~3110‬‬

‫‪246‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~.0‬‬

‫‪~(8.) 2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪,.,1‬‬
‫‪~00‬‬ ‫‪1800‬‬

‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪,.,1‬‬
‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1800‬‬
‫~‪~.‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫)~(‬
‫‪,.,1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1800‬‬ ‫‪3600‬‬

‫‪~00‬‬
‫)~(‬
‫‪~(11‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3600‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪,.,1‬‬
‫‪1800‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(8‬‬

‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪4 ~,‬‬ ‫~‪11‬‬
‫(‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪(1115‬‬ ‫~‪~3111‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬
‫= ‪1)~0‬‬
‫‪11~1.3.5‬‬

‫‪1111103111~11131‬‬

‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪1110‬‬
‫‪5111‬‬

‫‪0111~111‬‬

‫‪= -0‬‬
‫‪4~5‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬

‫‪10‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪5111‬‬
‫‪~05 11‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫())(‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫)‪2‬‬
‫)‪(8-33‬‬

‫)‪(8-34‬‬

‫‪~().1136011‬‬ ‫)‪(8-34‬‬ ‫~‪11101~31~511131111‬‬ ‫~~‪0111~111 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ ~3(1~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 ~3()1111~ 111~ 0~13)1‬‬
‫‪311~1~.‬‬ ‫‪11115 1)1~~ 01 ~0111(01‬‬ ‫(‪15 ~5~~~1(11)1115~111110‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~11-~0‬‬ ‫‪3~~11~360115,‬‬ ‫‪(~-‬‬
‫~~(‪().111(111~ 3 13‬‬ ‫‪11111110~( 011(31151510(5‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫)‪111)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪111 ~3(311~1.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‬ ‫~‪111(~~-~1135‬‬ ‫(~‪111~~(1‬‬ ‫‪(113)1 0~ ~011510~(~0‬‬ ‫~‪35 111(~~ 5111~1~-~1135‬‬ ‫‪111~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫~‪3110 111‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪0111~111 01 ~3~11 5111~1~-~1135‬‬ ‫(~‪111~~(1‬‬ ‫‪15 511111~0 0)11200.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~~11-‬‬
‫‪111().11~5 015~1155~0‬‬ ‫‪111 5~~11011‬‬ ‫‪8-6‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫~‪3~~11~301‬‬ ‫~‪10 111(~~-~1135‬‬ ‫‪111~~(1~(5.‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪311‬‬
‫‪~)(3111~1~,‬‬ ‫‪01~ ~~11~(3110115‬‬ ‫‪01 ~31111~ 51~11315 ~1111 511111501031 ~1115~-~101111110011136011‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-17.‬‬ ‫~(~‪111‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫~~‪111(~~ 511111501031 (~1~(~11‬‬ ‫‪~3~~5‬‬ ‫‪~3~11 511111~0‬‬
‫‪0)1 1200.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(~‪~3((1‬‬ ‫~~‪~3‬‬ ‫‪15 ~0111~3(~0‬‬ ‫~‪~1111111‬‬ ‫~~‪(~1~(~11‬‬ ‫~‪51~1131 ~0((~5~0110111‬‬
‫~‪10 3 ~1135‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~~11~(31‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~31111~ 51~11315 10‬‬ ‫‪11131 ~1135~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪0111~111 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪3150 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-17.‬‬

‫‪58~. 8-7‬‬ ‫‪247‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫(‪(0‬‬

‫‪91‬‬

‫‪(0/‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(0/‬‬
‫‪.,,.0‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬

‫‪(0/‬‬

‫~‪~,.3(1)))1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪15300.‬‬
‫‪8-5‬‬

‫~‪~055101‬‬
‫‪50(1(~~.‬‬

‫‪~5‬‬
‫()‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 11111-0(10~~ 111,,,~((~( ~0111(015 (11~ ~0,,,,,~( 1113 (~51511,,,~ 1030.‬‬
‫‪,,,31(1~ 01111~111 0~ ,,,01(3~~ 15 11,‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪220‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1111110(11)~(115~-,,,,,10(11‬‬

‫‪(3) 0~1~((11111~ 111~ ((115 ,,,0113~~ 01111~ 1030.‬‬

‫‪~1115~ ,,,,,10111 15 350, 0~1~((11111~ 111~ (111111(11(1(11‬‬

‫‪80111(100 (3) 11, = 220 ~, /1 = 5, 3110 8 = 300.‬‬

‫‪30/180 = 200.8 ~.‬‬
‫‪(0) 11, = 1.1‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪220 = 242~.‬‬
‫‪111~ 110(1111131‬‬
‫‪(1100111311011‬‬
‫~‪11,,,~ ~1115~5 ~~( 11311-~)1~1~ 15 115~0. ~0( 111~ (~().(11(~0 ~0111(01, 111~ ,,,,,1011101 ~3~11 ~1115‬‬
‫‪(0) 11111~ 0~ 511~~1)1111~(~35~5 0)1‬‬
‫‪10%, 0~1~((11111~ 111~~(115~ ,,,,,1011110 (11311113111111~53(11~ 1030 ~0,,,,,~(.‬‬
‫‪,,,,,1111‬‬

‫‪(~) 11111~ (113)(1(1111(11‬‬

‫‪3110,,,,,301~ 11(111101111~ 0~ 111~(11‬‬

‫‪05111~~().. (8-21),242‬‬
‫‪11115~1,,,~5111~(~().111(~0,,,3111~01 ~1115~,,,,,/0111,8 = 24.750.‬‬
‫‪(~) 10 (11311113111111~ 0111~111 ,,,0113~~ 01200.8‬‬
‫‪~(0(11 ~().. (8-21),‬‬ ‫‪110 = 220‬‬

‫‪~513/180 = 200.83110‬‬

‫‪~055101~ ~1115~ ,,,,,/0111‬‬

‫‪31111~ (113)(1(1111(11‬‬
‫‪= 11,~5‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪018‬‬ ‫‪= 350, 111~111~111,,,0113~~ ~311 0~ 10111101(0(11 200.8‬‬ ‫‪35/180,‬‬ ‫‪3110 11115‬‬
‫‪)11~105 111~ (111111(1111(11‬‬
‫‪3110,,,,,301~ 111~111,,,0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪11, = 203.64‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪~().11(111011 (8-33‬‬ ‫‪11101~(1(~8‬‬ ‫~‪01(11 111~ 11111 11(1(1110111~ ~(111 0‬‬ ‫‪~1111110(11~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪0)1 (1 ~(0‬‬
‫‪~1101~~ 01 018~1(1~~111~01‬‬ ‫‪(10~1~,‬‬ ‫‪~, 11‬‬

‫~‪. 11‬‬
‫‪8102‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫)‪(8-35‬‬
‫‪11‬‬

‫‪248‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪--(11‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪2..‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪- _11-‬‬

‫‪(12‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪11-‬‬ ‫‪(11‬‬

‫=~‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪(1110 01~ 111110 11(111110111~~111 /)~ ~11111111(11~0 1‬‬ ‫‪360/3 = 1200.‬‬ ‫‪~ ~(1110~ 1111~(1111~0‬‬
‫~‪11(111110111~5 (11 111~ 0111~111 0~ 5111~1~-~11(15~ 111~~11~15 ~(111 /)~ ~11111111(11~0 /))1111110011~111‬‬
‫‪(1 ~(111 0~ 5)1111111~111~(111)1~1(1~~0 ~011(1~~ 110(~/1~5 (15 5110~11 111 ~1~. 8-18.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~01111~1‬‬ ‫~~‪5~11~5 0~ 0111~111 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪~(111 /)~ ~)(~1~55~0‬‬ ‫‪(15‬‬

‫‪1)0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‬

‫‪,,~ 1,3.5,..‬‬
‫‪~,,‬‬ ‫())(‪5111 11‬‬ ‫)‪(8-36‬‬

‫‪4~,‬‬ ‫)‪(,,,.511111())((/(())1‬‬ ‫_‬ ‫)())((‪(,,,2511111())((/‬‬ ‫)())((‪(70/2511111())((/‬‬

‫=‪~,,‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪( )0‬‬ ‫‪)0.1‬‬ ‫‪)0.2‬‬ ‫)‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫=‬
‫~~‪4‬‬ ‫‪1 - 2~0511~1‬‬

‫‪111~ 111/10 (1110 ~1~11111(111110111~5 ~01110‬‬

‫‪~1~~5 111~ 11~~~55(11)1~~11(111011510 /)~ 501~~0,‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪2~0511~2‬‬

‫‪/)~ ~11111111(11~0 1~ ~3‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫)‪= 0 (1110~~. (8-37‬‬

‫)‪(8-37‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪2~053~1‬‬ ‫‪+ 2~053~2‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫‪= ~~05-1(~053~1‬‬ ‫)‪- 0.5‬‬ ‫)‪(8-38‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫‪2~055~1‬‬ ‫‪+ 2~055~2 = 0‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~~05-1(~055~2‬‬ ‫)‪+ 0.5‬‬ ‫)‪(8-39‬‬
‫‪~~11(11/0115‬‬ ‫)‪(8-38‬‬ ‫)‪(1110 (8-39‬‬ ‫‪~(111 /)~ 501~~0‬‬ ‫‪11~1(111~~1)1 /))111111/(111)1 (15511111111~111(11 ~1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪0 (1110‬‬ ‫~‪1~~~(11111‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(11~111(1110115‬‬ ‫‪~01‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~2.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪1~5111115‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪= 23.620‬‬ ‫‪(1110‬‬
‫‪~2‬‬ ‫‪= 33.30.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪111001~1~0‬‬ ‫‪5111115010(11 ~1115~-~10111-11100111(11/011‬‬ ‫‪1~~11111~11~5 ~(111 /)~ (1~~11~0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪10 ~~11~1(11‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1101~11~5 ~111~11 ~01110‬‬ ‫‪~11111111(11~~~11(1111 11(111110111~5 ~~~~~11~~1)1111‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0111~111 ~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫‪(15 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-19.‬‬ ‫‪~~11(11/011‬‬ ‫)‪(8-37‬‬ ‫‪~(111 /)~ ~)(1~110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 111‬‬
‫‪1101~11~5 ~~1‬‬ ‫~~~‪~11(111~1-~(1‬‬

‫)‪(8-40‬‬

‫‪111~ 0111~111 ~011(1~~5 0~ 1~0 01 11101~ 111~~11~15 111(1)1 /)~ ~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪111 5~11~5‬‬
‫~‪1111011~11 (1 11(1115~01111~1 10 1~011~~ 01 ~11111111(11~ ~~11(1111 1111~(1111~0 11(111110111~5. 111‬‬
‫‪(111(111~~111~111 ~01 ~0111/)111111~ 1~0‬‬ ‫‪111~~11~1‬‬ ‫‪0111~111 ~011(1~~5‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-20(1.‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪8-8‬‬ ‫‪249‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪111~ ~3~~10(1115‬‬ ‫(~‪10( 111~ 0111~111 01 ~3(11 111~~(1‬‬ ‫~~‪3110 111~ (~511113111 0111~111 ~0113‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪5110~11 111~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-200.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5~(0110‬‬ ‫‪111~~(1~( 15 ~1135~ 511111~0 0)1 -../3.‬‬
‫‪~(0111 8~.‬‬ ‫‪(8-9),‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ 0111~111 0111(51111~~(1‬‬ ‫‪(311 0~ ~)(~(~55~0‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪1)0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪./1) 5111 0)( +‬‬ ‫()‪./13 5111 30‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫()‪./15 5111 50‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫~(‪5111‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0111~111 015~(0110‬‬ ‫‪111~~(1~(,‬‬ ‫‪1)02, 15 0~13)1~0 0)1 -../3,‬‬

‫‪1)02‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪./1) 5111(0)( -‬‬ ‫‪+ ./1351113 (0)( -‬‬ ‫()‪+ ./1551115( 0‬‬ ‫‪+ . .‬‬
‫)~‬ ‫)~‬ ‫)~‬

‫‪1)0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪1)0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1)02‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪(./1) 5111(0)( -‬‬ ‫)~ ‪+ ./1551115(0)( +‬‬ ‫)‪+ . . .‬‬
‫)~‬
‫‪111~(~10(~,‬‬ ‫‪3 ~1135~ 511111111~01 -../3 3110 (01110111111~ ~0113~~5‬‬ ‫(~‪0)11(311510(111‬‬ ‫‪(01111~(-‬‬
‫‪11011 ~01110‬‬ ‫‪~1111111131~1111(0 (3110 311 1(1~1~11) 113(1110111(5.‬‬ ‫~‪11 51101110 0‬‬ ‫‪1101~0 11131‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪111~ (~511113111 1111103111~11131(0111~011~111 15 0/2‬‬
‫‪0111~111 ~0113~~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~ ~11~(11~~ 0111~1111135 0~~11 (~011(~0‬‬
‫~(‪111~ 113(1110111( ~111111113110111~(11111~11~5,~111(113‬‬

‫‪...,.‬‬
‫‪~01‬‬
‫=(‬ ‫)‪0.866‬‬ ‫(‪01 11131 10‬‬
‫‪0)1 (1 -‬‬ ‫‪0.866‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪11101~101131‬‬
‫‪) 13.4%.‬‬

‫‪0111)151111301~ 10( 11)(~0 0111~111‬‬

‫‪,.,1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪,,‬‬ ‫‪2,,‬‬

‫‪- ...,.‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪~02‬‬
‫‪~01‬‬ ‫‪~~...,.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪,,‬‬ ‫‪,,‬‬ ‫‪2,,‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪- ...,.‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪...,.‬‬

‫‪1-‬‬
‫‪~~0‬‬
‫‪...,.‬‬
‫‪,.,1‬‬

‫‪-‬‬

‫‪(8) 8~~~()~1‬‬ ‫)~(‬ ‫‪~8~810~,,,5‬‬

‫~‪..1~0..‬‬ ‫‪8- 20‬‬ ‫‪0( 113..1110111~5 0~ 1..3115(0(111~..‬‬

‫‪~11111111311011‬‬ ‫‪~01111~~11011.‬‬

‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪~~..,8(18(5‬‬ ‫‪~~8~.‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪.,,01138~,‬‬ ‫~‪111(.~35‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0.0~.‬‬ ‫‪01 113.(110111(5‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫~(‪.~01.1‬‬ ‫‪111~ 512~5‬‬ ‫‪01 01.11~1.11 1111~..‬‬
‫‪1-/0~~.,,~.,‬‬ ‫~‪11115 30.,,311138‬‬ ‫‪51101.110 0~ ~~1811~0‬‬ ‫‪38311151 111~ 111(.~35~0‬‬ ‫‪5~11(111118‬‬ ‫‪1055~5‬‬
‫‪01 ~0~~.‬‬ ‫‪0~.,,1(~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 111(.~35~0‬‬ ‫‪1.011 (0.‬‬ ‫(‪(113811~11‬‬ ‫)‪1055~5‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ 1.311510.(11~.‬‬ ‫~‪01.1‬‬

‫(‪10 111811~. 113.(110111‬‬ ‫‪1.~().1.1~11(1~5.‬‬

‫~‪~)(301))1‬‬ ‫‪8-6‬‬

‫‪~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 11111-~3.,,~ 111.,,~(1~( 115~5 11111111~1~1101~11~5 3110 15 (~~111(~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~1111111131‬‬
‫‪~3.,,~.‬‬ ‫‪1)~-‬‬
‫‪111~ 111111, 5~.,,~11111, ~1~.,,~11111, 3110 111111~~11111113(1110111~5 1(0111 111~ 0111~111‬‬
‫‪1~(111111~111~ 11111110~( 011101~11~5 3110 111~1( 311~1~5.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪80101100‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~1111111131101101111~ 111111, 5~.,,~11111, ~1~.,,~11111, 3110 111111~~11111113(1110111~5,‬‬
‫‪.45 = .47 = .4,, = .4,3 = 0. ~011( 1101~11~5~~( ~113(1~1-~3.,,~ ~01110 0~ (~~111(~0.‬‬
‫‪~~11311011(8-40) ~1.,,~5111~10110~111~5~1 01110111111~3(~~11311011510 501.,,~ 10( 111~311~1~5.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪2 ~05 11(1,‬‬ ‫‪+ 2 ~05‬‬ ‫‪11(12 -‬‬ ‫‪2 ~0511(13‬‬ ‫‪+ 2‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬ ‫‪11(14‬‬ ‫‪= 0‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪~05 13(1,‬‬ ‫‪+ 2‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬ ‫‪13(12‬‬ ‫‪- 2‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬ ‫‪13(13‬‬ ‫‪+ 2 ~05‬‬ ‫‪13(14‬‬
‫‪= 0‬‬

‫‪(1,‬‬
‫‪= 10.550‬‬ ‫‪(12‬‬
‫‪= 16.090‬‬ ‫‪(13‬‬
‫‪= 30.910‬‬ ‫‪(14‬‬
‫‪= 32.870‬‬
‫‪1-/0(~.‬‬ ‫‪1115 1101 31~3)15‬‬ ‫‪11~(~553.)110‬‬ ‫(‪~11(1111131~ 111~ 1111.0113.(110111‬‬ ‫‪(3110 1.1~1~11),‬‬
‫~‪~111(11 3.‬‬ ‫‪1101110.(11311)1‬‬ ‫‪~.~5~111111‬‬ ‫~‪111.~~-~1135‬‬ ‫‪(01111~(110115.‬‬ ‫‪111~.~101~,‬‬ ‫‪111 111.~~-‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪~1135‬‬ ‫‪111.,,~.1~.5,‬‬
‫‪(110111(5 01 01.11~1.11 .,,01138~5,‬‬
‫~‪11 15 ~.~1~.301‬‬
‫~‪50 11131111‬‬
‫‪10 ~11(1111131~ 111~ 111111, 5~.,,~11111, 3110 ~1~.,,~11111113.-‬‬
‫‪10~~51-0.0~.‬‬ ‫(‪113.(110111‬‬ ‫‪15 111~ 1111.1~~11111.‬‬

‫‪111~ 5~(1~5‬‬ ‫‪(~50113111111.,,~.1~(5‬‬ ‫~‪3.‬‬ ‫‪035~0‬‬ ‫‪011 .~50113111 (1.1..~111 05(111311011.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (0(11-‬‬
‫‪0~.,,1(~ 3.~ ~13(~0‬‬ ‫‪111 5~.1~5 ~1111 111~ 1030 10‬‬
‫‪(111.11311118 (0(11~011~1115‬‬ ‫‪3110 5~11(111118‬‬
‫‪10.(11‬‬ ‫‪311 1.1110~.03(11~~0‬‬ ‫‪(1.(1.111.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (1.1.(~111111.01.1811111‬‬ ‫‪5~11(111118‬‬ ‫‪0~.,,1(~5‬‬ ‫‪13115 10‬‬
‫‪2~.0‬‬ ‫‪01.1~ 10 111~ 11311.1.31 (113(3(1~.1511(5‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪(1.(1.111.‬‬ ‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫‪5~11(111118‬‬ ‫‪~1~(11~111 15‬‬
‫‪3 111)1.1510.,‬‬ ‫‪11 15 5310‬‬ ‫~‪10 0‬‬ ‫‪5~11-(0(11(111.1131~0.‬‬ ‫‪11115 1)1~~ 01111.,,~.1~.‬‬ ‫‪~.001.1(~5‬‬ ‫‪311‬‬
‫‪3~~(0)(1(1131~1)1‬‬ ‫‪51111.1501031 ~3.,,~10.(11‬‬ ‫‪31 3 111811 01.11~1.11 1.~().1.1~11()1,‬‬ ‫‪(31181118 1.0(11‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫‪1-/210‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪~1-12,‬‬ ‫‪311015‬‬ ‫‪(0(11(110111)11.15~0‬‬ ‫‪111 .~1311.,,~1)111)(~0‬‬ ‫‪01.11~1.11 3~~11(3110115‬‬ ‫‪(~.8.,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪11101.1(1101111~311118,‬‬ ‫‪50113.‬‬ ‫‪1.3115(11111~.,‬‬ ‫‪111.10.~5(~1111181111118,‬‬ ‫‪0. 1.111.350111( 8~11~.310(5).‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪01.1‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 111811 5~11(111118‬‬ ‫‪1.~().1.1~11()1,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 512~5‬‬ ‫‪01 (0(11(111.11311118 (0(11~011~1115‬‬ ‫~‪3.‬‬
‫‪5(11311.‬‬
‫~(~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪3.‬‬ ‫‪.,,3(101.15 (0111181.1.3110115 01 5~.1~5 111.,,~.1~.5,‬‬ ‫‪0~~~1101118‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ (011-‬‬
‫~‪11~(110115 01111‬‬ ‫‪5~11(111118‬‬ ‫‪0~.,,1(~5 3110 1030.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5~.1~5 111.,,~.1~.5 (113)1 0~ (1355111~0‬‬

‫‪11110 1~0‬‬ ‫~‪(31~80.1~5‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪5~.1~5‬‬ ‫‪.~50113111‬‬ ‫‪111.,,~.1~.5‬‬ ‫‪~11111.111101.~(1101131‬‬ ‫‪5~11(11~5‬‬

‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪5~..~5‬‬ ‫‪.~50113111‬‬ ‫‪111.,,~.1~.5‬‬ ‫‪~1111 0101.~(1101131‬‬ ‫‪5~11(11~5‬‬

‫‪58~. 8-9‬‬ ‫‪251‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪8-9.1‬‬ ‫~‪5~,..~5 ~~50(18(11 ~(1~~,-1~,.5 ~.1... ~(1.~.,.~~1.0(18‬‬
‫‪5~.1~...~5‬‬

‫~(‪~1/511‬‬ ‫‪8-213‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1(~1111 013/5(3111‬‬ ‫‪01 3 51111~1~ 5~(1~5‬‬ ‫(~‪111.,,~(1‬‬ ‫‪051118 1~0 0111-‬‬
‫‪01(~~1101131‬‬ ‫(‪111~(1510‬‬ ‫‪5~11~11~5.‬‬ ‫‪~11~11‬‬ ‫(‪111~(1510‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪15 11(~0,‬‬ ‫‪3 (~50113111 ()1115~ 01‬‬
‫‪~11((~111 110~5‬‬ ‫‪111(00~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~ ~11((~111 13115 10 2~(0‬‬ ‫( ‪31‬‬
‫=‬‫‪()/11‬‬ ‫‪3110 1) 15‬‬
‫‪5~11-~01111110131~0.‬‬ ‫(‪~1(111~ 01111~(1510‬‬ ‫~‪12 ~3115~5 3 (~.,,~(5‬‬ ‫‪(~50113111 ~11((~111111(011~11‬‬
‫‪111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪3110 1215‬‬ ‫‪3150 5~11-~011111111131~0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1(~1111 0()~(311011‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ 01.,,10~0 11110‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪111(~~ 11100~5 3110 111~ ~().111.,,31~111 ~1(~11115 3(~ 5110~11111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-210.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~31111~ 51~11315‬‬
‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪111~(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~ ~3.,,~10(1115‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫(‪3110 ~3()3610‬‬ ‫~~‪.,,0113‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬
‫‪5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-21~.‬‬
‫‪111~ 5~(1~5‬‬ ‫‪(~50113111‬‬ ‫‪~1(~111110(111~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 1-, ~,‬‬ ‫‪3110 1030‬‬ ‫)~‪(35511111~0 (~51511.,,‬‬ ‫‪1111151‬‬
‫‪0~ 11110~(03111()~0.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫) ‪(8-41‬‬

‫~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪11115 11100~ 0~~1115 ~11~11 11 15 11(~0‬‬ ‫‪3110 3 (~50113111‬‬ ‫‪()1115~ 01 ~0((~111‬‬
‫‪110~5‬‬ ‫‪111(011~11 11 3110 111~ 1030.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪111513111311~005‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫(‪~11((~111 10‬‬ ‫~‪11115 11100‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫~‪0~5~(10~0 0‬‬

‫)‪(8-42‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫((‪~111111111131~01101110115 11 (( = 0) = 0 31101701‬‬
‫‪0110~(03111()~0, 111~ 501111101101 8().. (8-42) ~1~105‬‬

‫‪~11~(~ ())~ 15 111~ (~50113111 1(~().11~11~~ 3110‬‬

‫‪11(0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~1€-(~/21-‬‬
‫= )‪= 0‬‬

‫(~))( ‪5111‬‬
‫‪- 170.‬‬ ‫‪5111~~ 111~ ~1(~111115‬‬

‫)‪(8-43‬‬

‫‪1/2‬‬
‫~))(‬
‫~‪= (1-1‬‬
‫_‬ ‫)‪(8-44‬‬
‫)‪4~2‬‬

‫‪111~ ~011513111,‬‬ ‫‪~1,‬‬ ‫‪111 8()..‬‬ ‫)‪(8-43‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ ~.,,311131~0‬‬ ‫~‪1(0111 111~ 11111131 ~0110111011‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪175())~1-170‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~1‬‬

‫‪~~/(~0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(8-45‬‬

‫)‪(8-46‬‬

‫‪252‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1,‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫~‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬
‫~‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫)((‬ ‫‪0~~0111~8‬‬ ‫~‪1113)(11111.1111~311 0‬‬ ‫~‪101.1110 1(0111 111‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪11111~ (,,, ~11~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1.1((~111 /1‬‬
‫‪~0110111011‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫)‪(8-47‬‬

‫‪58~. 8-9‬‬ ‫‪253‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(8-48‬‬
‫(‪1(0)~-,,,, (~ 510 ()).‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪- (115‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+ ()). ~05 ()).1)/()),- + ~,‬‬

‫‪1015 0100~ 15 ~11110~0( 0 ~ ( ~ (1,,, = -.,/()). 1100 ~005 ~0~0‬‬ ‫‪/1 (() 0~~001~5‬‬ ‫‪2~(0 111(1,,,.‬‬
‫‪~1 10~ ~00 0~ 1015 0100~,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪/1 (( = (1,,,) = 0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~0~9‬‬ ‫‪2.‬‬ ‫~‪00(10‬‬ ‫‪1015 0100~,‬‬ ‫‪10)1(1510(5 11 1100 12 11(~ 0~~.‬‬ ‫~‪1015 0100‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪~11110 ~0( 0 ~ ( ~ (2,,,.‬‬

‫‪~0~9‬‬ ‫‪3.‬‬ ‫~‪1015 0100~ 0~~105 ~0~0 12 15 5~11~0~0 00 1100 11(~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪(~5001101‬‬
‫‪~0((~01 ~0~5 10(00~0 10~ 10110. 10~ 10110 ~0((~01 ~110 0~ ~0000 ~(001‬‬

‫‪0-/3‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪~ 1 /3 0-( +‬‬
‫‪/...,‬‬ ‫((‬ ‫)‪(8-50‬‬
‫(‪0-‬‬
‫‪+ ~/3‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1)03‬‬ ‫‪= 0) = 0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~110 10111111~000111005‬‬
‫‪50101100 0~ ~(). (8-50) ~1~~5‬‬
‫(( ‪/3‬‬ ‫‪= 0) = 0 11001)03(( = 0) = - 1102‬‬

‫) ‪(8-51‬‬

‫‪1 (,‬‬
‫=)‪1)03(1‬‬ ‫‪/3(1) - 1101‬‬
‫‪~ )0‬‬ ‫)‪(8-52‬‬
‫‪1101~-,,,, (~ 510 ()).( + ()). ~05 ()).1)/()),-‬‬
‫=‬
‫~‪1015 0100‬‬ ‫‪15 ~11110 ~0( 0 ~ ( ~ (3,,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪-.,/()). 1100 ~005 ~0~0‬‬ ‫‪/3(1) 0~~001~5‬‬ ‫‪2~(0.‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪10~ ~00 0~ 1015 0100~,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1100 10 10~ 51~(10)1 51111~,‬‬

‫(( ‪1)03‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(3,,,‬‬ ‫)‪(8-53‬‬

‫)‪~()01111005 (8-49‬‬ ‫)‪1100 (8-53‬‬ ‫‪)11~10‬‬

‫)‪(8-54‬‬

‫‪254‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫)‪(8-55‬‬

‫)‪(8-56‬‬

‫‪13,()1.131100‬‬ ‫)‪(8-56‬‬ ‫‪1001~31~8‬‬ ‫(~‪11131 1.100‬‬ ‫~‪81~30~-8131‬‬ ‫‪~000111008,‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~~3/‬‬ ‫‪~311.1~ 01‬‬
‫~~‪~08111‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~~‪01 0~~311‬‬ ‫~‪~1.1((~01111(01.1~11111‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪18 111~ 83111~.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫)‪11(/‬‬ ‫~‪1111.1810‬‬ ‫‪2~(0‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪11 1111.1810‬‬ ‫‪11.1(0~0‬‬ ‫~(‪011 0~10‬‬ ‫‪12 18‬‬
‫‪11(~0.‬‬ ‫‪0111~(~18~,‬‬ ‫‪3 8110(1-~1(~1.111‬‬ ‫‪~00011100‬‬ ‫~‪~111 (~81.111 111(01.1~11111‬‬ ‫‪111~(1810(8‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0~ 81.1~~1~.‬‬ ‫‪111~(~10(~,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 3~311301‬‬ ‫=(‪011-11111~ (2111‬‬ ‫‪((/), /(00~0‬‬ ‫‪38 111~ 0,~(10, 2011~,‬‬
‫(~‪1111.1810~ ~(~31‬‬ ‫~‪11130 111~ 11.1(0-01111111‬‬ ‫‪01111~(1810(8,‬‬ ‫‪(0((.‬‬

‫)‪(8-57‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫~~‪(00 18 111~ 1(~()1.1~0‬‬ ‫~~‪01 01.11~1.11 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪10 (30/8.‬‬ ‫)‪13,()1.131100 (8-57‬‬ ‫‪1001~31~8‬‬
‫~‪11131 111~ 1113)(11111.1111~088101‬‬ ‫~~‪01.11~1.11 1(~()1.1~0‬‬ ‫‪18 1111111~0 10‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪/. ~- /.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪11111,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(8-58‬‬
‫)_‪2((0(( + 70/(0‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪(~800301‬‬ ‫(~‪10~~(1‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.111 10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-213‬‬ ‫~(~~ ‪18‬‬ ‫‪81111~1~.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬
‫~‪110‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 111~ 0~ 81.1~~1~ 18 018~001101.101.18.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪0~ 81.1~~1~ ~111 113‬‬ ‫(‪3 111~11 ~~3/‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫‪~001310‬‬ ‫‪113(111001~8.‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬ ‫‪1111~(0~~111~111‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫~‪0381‬‬ ‫(~‪10~~(1‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬
‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-213‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬ ‫‪11130~ 1111101.1~10(8 3(~ ~108~1~ ~01.1~1~0,‬‬ ‫‪38 8110~11 111 ~1~. 8-22.‬‬
‫‪3110 ~1.1((~111 11(/) 0~~108‬‬ ‫~~‪10 (18~, 111~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪3~(088‬‬ ‫~‪/..,1 ~111 0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~11~11‬‬
‫~~‪~08111‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪18 11(~0‬‬
‫~‪~1111 ~013(11‬‬
‫~‪01 ~ 10 (~~~(8‬‬
‫(‪11(111~ 01 011~ 111~(1810‬‬
‫‪10 2~(0.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(‪0(3~03~/‬‬
‫‪38 8110~11.‬‬
‫~‪0138111‬‬
‫~‪~111 11.1(0 011111‬‬

‫‪01111~11‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪12~ 3110‬‬
‫‪1001.1~~0‬‬
‫~‪12 ~111 0‬‬
‫‪0111~(,‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫~‪011 /..,2 ~111110‬‬
‫‪11.1(11~0 011.‬‬
‫~(‪~~~11 0~10‬‬

‫~‪~1.118~0 ~1.1((~111 1(0111 111~ 0~ 81.1~~1~ 18 0~~(~0111‬‬

‫‪111~ 1030‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪10 111‬‬
‫‪(~81.111 18 11131‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111 (~3~11~8‬‬

‫‪111 3‬‬
‫~~‪11311-0(10‬‬ ‫‪~01111~1.1(311011 38 8110~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~. 8-23, ~11~(~ /..,1 = /..,2 3110 ~1 = ~2.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪18 0(3~111(0111111‬‬ ‫‪0~ 801.1(~~ 01.1(111~ 0011111311-~~~1~8‬‬ ‫‪0101.11~1.11 ~0113~~.‬‬ ‫‪011~-‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫‪,.1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪1..1‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪-.,.‬‬ ‫‪-.,.‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1..2‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪,.2‬‬

‫‪..1~0..~ 8-22 5~(1~5 (~5011~111‬‬ ‫~~‪..1~0..~ 8-23 11~11-0(10‬‬

‫‪111.,,~(1~(~1111 ~00))1~0 11100~10(5.‬‬ ‫‪5~(1~5 (~5011~111111.,,~(1~(.‬‬

‫‪255‬‬
‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪8-9‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫‪..1211..~ 8-24‬‬ ‫(‪101111-0~108~ 5~~1~5 ~~5011311‬‬

‫‪111.,,~~(~~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪11311 01111‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪~11((~11118‬‬ ‫‪811~~11~0‬‬ ‫(‪0)1 ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫(‪~1 0‬‬ ‫‪~2 3110 111~ 0111~(-11311‬‬ ‫~‪0)1111‬‬
‫‪0~ 8011(~~.‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~~‪11111-0(10‬‬ ‫‪111~~(1~(,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 3110~8‬‬ ‫‪111~11~( 0111~111 ~0~~(,‬‬ ‫‪18 8110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪8-24.‬‬ ‫‪~11~11‬‬ ‫‪11 3110‬‬ ‫~(‪12 3‬‬ ‫‪11(~0,‬‬ ‫~~‪3 ~08111‬‬ ‫‪(~80113111‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫‪110~8‬‬ ‫~‪111(011~11 111‬‬
‫~‪1030‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~11~11‬‬ ‫‪13 3110‬‬ ‫~(‪14 3‬‬ ‫‪11(~0,‬‬ ‫~~‪3 11~~311‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111 110~8.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪811~~1)1‬‬
‫‪~11((~111 18 ~0111111110118.‬‬
‫‪111~ (~801131111(~()11~11~)1‬‬ ‫~‪3110 3~311301‬‬ ‫~‪0~30-2011‬‬ ‫‪0~~~110‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ 1030‬‬ ‫(‪3110 10‬‬
‫‪11118 (~38011,‬‬ ‫‪(~80113111111~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪111081 81111301~ 10( 11)(~0-1030‬‬ ‫‪3~~11~3110118.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫(~‪111~~(1‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫(‪(~81810‬‬ ‫)~‬ ‫‪~01110 3180 0~ ~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪111 ~3(311~1‬‬ ‫~‪~1111111‬‬ ‫‪~3~3~110(.‬‬

‫‪~1(3111())~ 8-7‬‬

‫‪10.~ 5~11~5 1~5011(1111111.,,~(1~1111 ~1~. 8-220.(15‬‬ ‫‪/...,1 = /...,2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪/...,‬‬ ‫‪= 50 ~1-1,~ = 6 ~~, (1110‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪= 2 0.‬‬ ‫~~‪10.~ 0( 111()111.,,011(1~~ 15 ~5 = 220 ~ (1110 10.~ 11~()11~11(~ 01 0111()111 .,,011(1‬‬
‫‪15/0 = 7 /(1-12. 10.~ 111111-01111111~ 0110.~1151015 15 1011 = 10 ~5.‬‬ ‫)‪()~1~1111111~ 10.~ ((1‬‬
‫‪(1.,,(111(101~(01 (11(1111) 111111-01111111~, 1. ~ (0) 111(1)(111111111‬‬
‫)(( ~ ‪()~1111155101~ 11~()11~11(~, ,,,..‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫(‪()~(1/(-10-()~(1/‬‬
‫‪11151(1111(111~0115‬‬
‫‪((1()(1(1101 .,,011(1~~,‬‬
‫~‪~~~~ (1110 (0) ()~(1/( 10(10 (1111~111, /,,. (~) 5/(~1(0. 10.‬‬
‫‪10(10 (1111~111, /0(1)~ ((1()(1(1101 .,,011(1~~, 1)0(1)~ (1110 0( 511()()1~ (1111~111 /,(1).‬‬
‫‪~(11(111(11~ 1/1~ (1) 1111510(10 (1111~111, /0~ (~) 0111()111()0~~1, /10~ (/1) (1.,,~1(1~~ 511()()1~ (1111~111,‬‬
‫‪/,~ (1110 (1) (1.,,~1(1~~, ()~(1/(, (1110 11115(1111~111 011/1~1151015.‬‬

‫‪80)0(100 ~, = 220 ~, ~ = 6 ~~, /...,= 50 ~1-1,~ = 20, /0 = 7/(1-12, 1011= 10 ~5,‬‬

‫‪(1110(00 = 210 )( 7000 = 43,982 1(10/5. ~10111~(). (8-44),‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬

‫= ~‪(0‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪/...,~ - 4/...,2‬‬ ‫( )‬ ‫=‬ ‫()‪50‬‬
‫‪1012‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪22‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪)( 502‬‬
‫‪1012‬‬
‫)‬ ‫‪= 54,1601(10/5‬‬

‫~(‪10.~ 1~5011(111111~()11~11‬‬ ‫‪15/~ = (0~/210 = 8619.8 1(10/5, 1~ = 1//~ = 116 ~5.‬‬ ‫‪~10111~().‬‬
‫‪(8-46), ~ = 2/(2 )( 50 )( 10~6) = 20,000.‬‬
‫‪((1) ~10111 ~(). (8-57),‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫= ‪1.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪43,982‬‬ ‫‪54,160 = 13.42 ~5‬‬
‫‪(0) ~10111 ~().‬‬ ‫‪(8-58),‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 111(1)(111111111‬‬
‫‪()055101~ 11~()11~11(~ 15‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪/,,,..‬‬ ‫‪10~6 + 10/54,160) = 73521-12‬‬
‫() ‪2(10‬‬
‫‪(() ~10111 ~(). (8-54),‬‬

‫‪~ ~ =~,~0.70/00,‬‬
‫_‬ ‫‪220‬‬
‫‪~20,,./54.16‬‬ ‫~ ‪100.4‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪- 1‬‬

‫‪256‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~10111 6~.‬‬ ‫‪(8-56),‬‬ ‫‪1101 = 220‬‬ ‫‪+ 100.4‬‬ ‫‪= 320.4‬‬ ‫~‪1.1. 111~ ~~3~-~0-~~3‬‬ ‫~~‪~3~3~1~01 ..01~3‬‬

‫= ~~‪15 11‬‬ ‫‪100.4 + 320.4 = 420.81.1.‬‬

‫‪(0) ~10111 6~.‬‬ ‫‪(8-47),‬‬ ‫‪~11~~~3~ 1030 ~1111~11~, ~111~1115 ~11~53111~ 35 ~11~~~3~ 511~~1)1‬‬
‫~‪~1111~11~, 0~~1115 3‬‬

‫_‬ ‫‪(0,‬‬ ‫~ _‬ ‫‪54.16‬‬ ‫_‬

‫‪(,,, - 1- ~311-1‬‬ ‫‪~311-1‬‬ ‫‪- 22.47 (.1.5‬‬
‫‪(0,‬‬ ‫‪0. - 54,160‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬

‫‪3110 6~. (8-45) ~1..~5 ~11~~~3~ 1030 ~1111~11~35‬‬

‫‪320.4‬‬
‫( (‪/ 1‬‬
‫‪~-002~22.475111‬‬
‫()‪( 54 , 160)( 22.47‬‬ ‫~‪10-6 ) = 70.82‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪= ~,) =1 ,,0.05416‬‬
‫(‬
‫=‬ ‫()‬
‫‪50‬‬
‫‪(~) 111~ 5~~~~11~5 101 /((),‬‬ ‫‪1)0(1), 3110 /,(() 31~ 5110~11111 ~1~. 8-25.‬‬
‫‪(1) 111~ 11115 1030 ~1111~11~15 1011110 110111 6~5.‬‬ ‫)‪(8-45‬‬ ‫)‪3110 (8-51‬‬ ‫‪0)1 3 1111111~11~31‬‬
‫‪111~~1100 3110 ~11~ 1~5111~ 15‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪(,,/2‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪2/0)0‬‬ ‫(‪/6(1) (/‬‬
‫)‬ ‫‪= 44.1‬‬ ‫~‬

‫()‬
‫‪(~) 1/1~ 011~~11~~0~~1, ~ 0 = 44.12‬‬ ‫‪2 = 3889 ~.‬‬
‫‪(11) 1/1~ 3..~13~~ 511~~1)1~1111~11~,1, = 3889/220 = 17 .68 ~.‬‬
‫~~‪(1) 111~ 3..~13‬‬ ‫‪~/1)1115~01 ~1111~11~,‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪~~3‬‬ ‫‪~/1)1115~01‬‬ ‫‪~1111~11~,‬‬ ‫= ‪1~...‬‬ ‫= ‪1,,‬‬ ‫‪70.82‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~11~ 11115 ~11)1115~01 ~1111~11~,‬‬ ‫~‪1‬‬ ‫=‬

‫‪1)0‬‬ ‫‪= 44.1/0‬‬ ‫‪= 31.18~.‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪140‬‬

‫‪70.82‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪-----------------‬‬

‫‪257‬‬
‫‪58~. 8-9‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(0‬‬

‫~)))‪~~301‬‬ ‫‪8-8‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪0(111-0(10‬‬ ‫‪(~8011(1111111~~(1~( 111~1~. 8-23 18 0))~((11~0‬‬ ‫‪(11 (1 1(~().11~11~~,‬‬
‫‪10 = 7 /(1-12.‬‬
‫‪11 ~1 = ~2 = ~ = 3 /1-~, ~1 = ~2 = ~ = 50 /1-1-1,~ = 2 0, (1110~$ = 220 ~,‬‬
‫(‪0~1~((11111~ 10~ ((1) ))~(1/( 811))))1~ ~11((~111~ (0) (1~~((1~~ 10~(1810‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111, 1/1.~ (1110 (~) ((118‬‬
‫(‪10~(1810‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111, 1~.‬‬

‫‪80)11~10)1~, = 220~,‬‬ ‫~(‪~ = 3 /1-~,~ = 50 /1-1-1,~ = 2 0, (111010= 7 /(1-12. ~1~11‬‬

‫‪8-26(1 800.,.,8 10~ ~().111~(11~111~1(~1111.,.,0~11 10~(1810( 11 18 ~011011~1111~ (1110‬‬
‫~‪12 18 011. 10‬‬
‫‪~(1))(1~110(8 ~1 (1110 ~2 .,.,01110111111(111~0~ ~0(1(~~0 10 ~01 (= ~, + ~0) (1110 ~0 (~8))~~11~~1~,‬‬
‫~‪.,.,11010‬‬ ‫‪))01(1(111~8‬‬ ‫‪(18 800.,.,11,‬‬ ‫(~‪11110‬‬ ‫~‪81~(10~-81(11‬‬ ‫‪~01101110118.‬‬ ‫~~‪5111‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~2.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪10(10‬‬
‫‪~11((~111 .,.,01110 0~ 80(1(~0‬‬ ‫‪~().11(111~0~ ~1 (1110 10~ 0~ 811))))1~ (18 800.,.,11 111 ~1~. 8-260.‬‬
‫‪~011810~(111~ 10~ 100)) 10((11~0 0~ ~2, 0~ 8011(~~, ~, (1110 10(10, 10~ 11181(1111(111~0118‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪10(10 ~11((~111 ~(1110~ 0~8~(10~0‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪()/0‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪.,.,110111111(11~01101110118 /0 (/‬‬
‫~‪(1(0(11 ~1~. 8-260) 0‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~/0‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪2~2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫= )‪= 0) = 0 (11101)02(/ = 0‬‬

‫‪. ()/‬‬
‫‪1 /0‬‬ ‫‪+ 1)02 (/ = 0) -‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~0.‬‬
‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪= 0‬‬

‫(‪~0‬‬
‫)‪(8-59‬‬

‫‪(11111110~(0(1(11))~0‬‬
‫‪~0110111011‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫)‪= ~, ~().. (8-45‬‬ ‫~~‪18 (1))))11~(101‬‬

‫)‪(8-60‬‬

‫) ‪(8-61‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫(‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1)02(0‬‬ ‫)‪/()(/‬‬ ‫‪()/‬‬ ‫‪- ~,‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪2~2‬‬ ‫)(‪1‬‬
‫) ‪(8-62‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪- (~$‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫(~‪~0)€-‬‬ ‫‪(0- 8111()),/ + ()),. ~08 ()),0/()),.‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬
‫~~‪((1) 5111‬‬ ‫‪10~ (~8011(11111(~().11~11~~ 1810~ 8(1(11~ (1810(1101 ~)((1(11))1~ 8-7, 10~ (~811118‬‬
‫‪01 ~)((1(11))1~ 8-7‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ ~(1110, ))(0~10~0 10(11 10~ ~().111~(11~111~(1))(1~11(111~~18 ~0 = ~1 + ~2‬‬

‫‪= 6 /1-~. ~(0(11‬‬ ‫‪~)((1(11))1~ 8-7, ~0 = 100.4 ~, /,,,‬‬

‫‪= 22.47/1-8,‬‬ ‫‪(111010 = 44.1~.‬‬ ‫‪~(0(11‬‬
‫‪~().. (8-60),‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪))~(1/( 10(10 ~11((~11118 1,,‬‬
‫‪= 70.82~.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ))~(1/( 811))))1~ ~11((~111, .,.,01~0‬‬
‫~‪18 0(1110110‬‬ ‫‪))~(1/( 10(10 ~11((~111, 18 1~, = 70.82/2‬‬
‫‪= 35.41 ~.‬‬

‫‪258‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪(0) 10‬‬ ‫~‪(1~~((1~~ 10)1(1510( ~1.1((~111, /‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪17.68~.‬‬
‫(‪(~) 10~ (111510)1(1510‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111,‬‬
‫~‪/8. = /0‬‬ ‫‪= 31.18~.‬‬

‫‪1-/0(~.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ 8(101~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪0111~111 (100‬‬ ‫‪(~800(101‬‬ ‫‪~(~().11~0~)1,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(1~(1~11(10~~8‬‬
‫‪0~ ~1 (100‬‬ ‫‪~2 10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-23‬‬ ‫~‪81101110 0‬‬ ‫‪11(11~ 111(1110‬‬ ‫‪~1~8.‬‬ ‫‪8-21(1‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪8-22.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪~~(1‬‬
‫‪811~~1)1 ~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪0~~001~8‬‬ ‫‪11(11~.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ (10(11)1818 0~ ~1111-0(10‬‬ ‫‪8~(1~8‬‬ ‫‪10~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫(‪18 810111(1‬‬
‫‪10 111(11 0~ 111~ 0(181~ 8~(1~8‬‬ ‫(~‪10~~(1‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-21(1.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~800(10110~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫‪~1111110101(~~1100(11‬‬ ‫‪8~11~11~8,‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~8‬‬ ‫‪11(1~~ 10‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪111(0~0‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~~~()111(11~-~)1~1‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0111~111 ,~011(1~~.‬‬ ‫(~‪11118 1101118 111~ 10~~(1‬‬ ‫‪~(~-‬‬
‫(~~‪().11~0~)1 (100 111~ (10101101 0~ ~0~(~)11((108‬‬ ‫~‪~(001111‬‬ ‫~~(‪8011‬‬ ‫‪10111~ 10(10.‬‬ ‫‪10 (10011100,‬‬
‫‪111~ 111)1(1810(8‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 8110)~~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 111~11 ~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪~~(~0(01(10‬‬ ‫‪0~ 8~(1~8‬‬ ‫‪10~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫~‪~(10 0‬‬ ‫‪81~01~1~(1011)1‬‬ ‫‪101~(0~~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 ~00-‬‬
‫~‪0~~110‬‬ ‫‪(10 (1011~(1((111~1‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪(1~(088‬‬ ‫(‪(1 111)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪(18 8110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-27(1.‬‬ ‫‪~11~0‬‬
‫‪111)1(1810( 11 18 ~1(~0,‬‬ ‫‪(1 (~800(101‬‬ ‫‪~1118~ 0~ ~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪50~8‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪11 18 8~1~-~00101111(11~0‬‬
‫( ‪(11‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(1.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~800(101‬‬ ‫~‪08~111(11100 ~0011011~8 111(011~11 0100~ /)1 110111111‬‬
‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪~(1118 (1~(110 10 2~(0‬‬ ‫‪(11111~ ~00‬‬ ‫‪0~ (1 ~)1~1~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(1~~~0(018‬‬ ‫‪~0( ~11((~018 (100‬‬
‫(‪~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 8110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-270.‬‬
‫~‪111~ (~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪~011(115~ 0~ 111~ 111)1(1810( 18 110111~0 10 111~ ~0(~(1(0‬‬ ‫~‪~011(115~ 0(0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪(1 0100~,‬‬ ‫‪1)1~1~(111)11~.‬‬ ‫‪1~ 111~ ~00011~1100‬‬ ‫‪1101~ 0~ 111~ 0100~ 1815(~(11~( 111(11111~ 111(0-‬‬
‫‪0~~ 1101~ 0~ 111~ 111)1(1810(,‬‬ ‫‪111~(~ 18 00 0~~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ (1 0~(10‬‬ ‫~‪200‬‬ ‫‪(100 111~ 0111~111 ~(~().11~0~)1,‬‬

‫‪/0,‬‬ ‫‪18 111~ 8(101~ (18 111~ (~800(101‬‬ ‫‪~(~()11~0~)1,‬‬ ‫‪/0‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫)‪(8-63‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪~00‬‬
‫‪-1‬‬
‫‪~~~0‬‬

‫‪~~+‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪~01‬‬
‫‪~~~0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~~5‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫~‪~-~,-*-‬‬
‫~=‪~~~(10-.0‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪(8) 8~~~~~1‬‬ ‫‪(()) ~8.,610~~5‬‬

‫‪58~. 8-9‬‬ ‫‪259‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪1...‬‬
‫‪~-,,.‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪.,‬‬ ‫‪~~~.‬‬
‫‪~2‬‬ ‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫‪~~~~()--‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(8‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~~1‬‬ ‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪~8~810~(115‬‬

‫~‪01111111‬‬ ‫‪01 3 10)1(1810(,‬‬ ‫(~‪10~ 1113)(11111.1111111~~(1‬‬ ‫‪1(~()1.1~11~)118‬‬ ‫‪~1~~11 0)1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫(‪/,,,3.~ = -2‬‬ ‫)‪(8-64‬‬
‫‪011‬‬

‫‪3110/0‬‬ ‫‪8001.110 0~ 1~88 10311 /,,,3.~.‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪/)1‬‬ ‫‪8001.110‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪38 ~108‬‬ ‫~‪38 ~088101‬‬ ‫~‪10 10‬‬ ‫(‪10)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~01111~~1111~ 1~308‬‬ ‫‪8001.110‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪11111111111.1111‬‬
‫~~‪10 (~01.1‬‬ ‫‪(11)1 81(3)1‬‬ ‫~‪11101.1~1311~~ 111 10‬‬
‫‪100~ 10(111~0 0)1 11 3110 /)1.‬‬ ‫~‪~8 10~ (~~~(8‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪01.1(111~ 10~ (~~0~~()1‬‬ ‫‪11111~ 01‬‬
‫(‪10)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪11 18 31(~30)110~,‬‬ ‫‪1)1~1~311)1 1 ~, (11)111101.1~1311~~ 111 10~ 0100~ ~310 ~01.110‬‬
‫~~‪(~01.1‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 11~1 (~~~(8‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪3~(088‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1~(111111318 0111,‬‬ ‫(‪3110 10)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪11 1113)11101‬‬
‫‪11.1(11011.‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫~‪0~~(~0111‬‬ ‫‪1018 ~(001~111,‬‬ ‫‪3 ,.~1/~,.5~ (0110,/1((/11/5‬‬ ‫‪(/7)1,./5(0,.‬‬ ‫)‪(~~1‬‬ ‫‪18 110(-‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪111(11)1 1.18~0.‬‬
‫‪1381-(~~0~~()1‬‬
‫‪111~~(1~(8 .‬‬

‫‪~3~~10(111‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬

‫‪3(~ 800~11111‬‬
‫(‪10‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‪0100‬‬

‫‪~1~.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪~~1‬‬

‫‪~1(~1.111 013~(3111‬‬
‫‪1030‬‬
‫‪8-280.‬‬
‫~‪18 11130‬‬
‫~‪11110 3 8111~1~ 8111~011 ~01‬‬
‫‪0)1 1111~~(311011‬‬

‫~~‪10( 10~ 0311-0(10‬‬

‫‪~1.1((~111 3110 10~ ~01101.1~11011 1111~(~318‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪11.111-0(10‬‬
‫‪01 311 (8)1111111~1(1~31‬‬
‫‪3110 ~~18‬‬

‫‪~~(81011‬‬

‫‪~01111~1.1(31101118‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬

‫‪18 800~11111‬‬
‫(‪10~3110‬‬

‫‪800~11111‬‬
‫~‪0110‬‬
‫‪~1~.‬‬
‫(‪10)1(1810‬‬
‫‪8~(1~8‬‬

‫‪8-283‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬
‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-29.‬‬
‫‪3110 3‬‬
‫‪(~80113111‬‬

‫~‪3110 10‬‬
‫‪0~~1~~8‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪111~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ 0~~(31~0‬‬ ‫‪111 1~0‬‬ ‫~‪0111~(~11111100~8‬‬ ‫~‪110110~~(13~~111‬‬ ‫‪3110 0~~(13~~111~.‬‬
‫~‪111 3 110110~~(13~~111‬‬ ‫‪11100~,‬‬ ‫‪10~ 11(111~ 013‬‬ ‫(‪10)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪18 0~13)1~0‬‬ ‫‪1.11111110~ 1381 ~1.1((~111‬‬
‫‪08~11131101110(01.1~0‬‬ ‫~‪3 0100‬‬ ‫‪038 0~~11 ~0111~1~1~0‬‬ ‫‪38111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-280.‬‬ ‫~‪111 311 0~~(13~~111‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪03‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪~~+‬‬
‫‪-,,.‬‬ ‫‪~8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪~1...‬‬

‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪04‬‬ ‫~~~~~‪-17‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬

‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬

‫‪260‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪+‬‬

‫‪0,‬‬

‫~‪..1~0..‬‬ ‫‪8.30‬‬ ‫~~‪1-131(-0..10‬‬ ‫‪1..31181810..12~0‬‬

‫‪..~80113111‬‬ ‫‪111~~..1~...‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪11100~,‬‬ ‫(‪(1 10)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪15 11(~0,‬‬ ‫~‪~011‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111‬‬ ‫~‪111 10‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫(~‪010‬‬ ‫‪~(1(1 15 51111‬‬
‫‪~01100~1111~,‬‬ ‫‪(15 500~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-290.‬‬ ‫‪~11000~0‬‬ ‫~‪0~~(1(1~~111‬‬ ‫‪0~~((111011‬‬ ‫‪(~00~~5‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪001~011(~~0~11~)1,‬‬ ‫‪10~ 001~01‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪15 111~(~(15~0.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪111(1)(111101111(~~0~11~)1‬‬ ‫‪01 (~5011(1111 111~~(1~(5 (1(~ 1111111~0 00~ 10 10~ 10(11-‬‬
‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪~011111101(111011 (~~01(~111~1115‬‬ ‫‪01 10)1(1510(5,‬‬ ‫‪1)1~1~(111)1 12 10 20 /-1-5, ~0~(~(15‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪011‬‬
‫‪1((11151510(5, ~01~0‬‬ ‫~(‪(~~01‬‬ ‫‪0(11)1 (1 1111~(05~~0110‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪1~55, ~(111 (~~1(1~~ 10~ 10)1(1510(5.‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(~‪111~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪~(111 0~~((11‬‬ ‫~‪(1110‬‬ ‫‪(~5011(11111(~~0~11~)1.‬‬ ‫‪~ 1((11151510(12~0‬‬ ‫~~‪0(111-0(10‬‬

‫(~‪111~~(1‬‬ ‫‪15 500~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-30‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫‪(1 1((111510(111~(-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10(10.‬‬ ‫(‪1((11151510‬‬ ‫‪(22‬‬

‫‪~(111 0~ 10(11~0‬‬ ‫(‪011 (1111105111151(1111(111~0051)1 (111~( 1((11151510‬‬ ‫‪(21 15 10(11~0‬‬ ‫‪011.‬‬

‫~‪~)(301()1‬‬ ‫‪8-9‬‬

‫‪111~ ..~5011311( 111~~((~( 111 ~1~. 8-273‬‬ ‫~ ‪1135‬‬ ‫‪= 2 ~~, /.., = 20 ~1-(, ~ = 0, 3110 ~,‬‬
‫‪220~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (11(11-0116111~ 01 (11~ (11)1(15(0(, 1011= 12 ~5.‬‬ ‫= ‪111~ 011(~11( 1(~()11~11~)1, 10‬‬
‫‪20 /(1-(2.‬‬ ‫‪))~(~(111111~ (11~ (3) ~~3/( 511~~1)1 ~11((~11(, 1~,~ (0) 3~~(3~~ (11)1(15(0( ~11((~11(,‬‬
‫(‪1/1.~(~) (1115 (11)1(15(0( ~11((~11(, 1~~ (0) ~~3/(-(0-~~3/‬‬ ‫‪~3~3~1(0( ~01(3~~, ~~~~ (~) 1113)(111111111‬‬
‫~‪~~(111155101‬‬ ‫(‪011(~11‬‬ ‫‪1(~()11~11~)1,‬‬ ‫‪1,,‬‬ ‫‪~ 3110‬‬ ‫~~‪(1) 3~~(3‬‬ ‫‪511~~1)1 ~11((~11(, 15.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪80111(100‬‬ ‫‪~11~11 (11)1(15(0( 11 15 (11(11~0 011, (11~ ~11((~11( 15 0~5~(10~0‬‬

‫‪/..,‬‬
‫‪0./0‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪+ ~.( /0 0.1 +‬‬

‫‪~1(111111(131 ~0110160115 /0 (( = 0) = 0, 1)0(( = 0) = ~0 = 0.‬‬

‫‪1)0‬‬ ‫((‬ ‫‪= 0) = ~5‬‬
‫‪0)1‬‬

‫(‪501~111~10( (11~ ~11((~11‬‬

‫) ‪(8-65‬‬

‫‪~1~~5‬‬

‫) ‪(8-66‬‬

‫)‪(8-67‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪~11~(~ (1), = 1/‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪106‬‬ ‫‪158,114‬‬
‫= ‪(1),‬‬ ‫‪= 158,114 (30/5‬‬ ‫= ‪1,‬‬ ‫‪= 25,165 1-(2‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫_ ‪1, _ 39.74‬‬
‫= = ‪1,‬‬ ‫‪= 2‬‬ ‫‪19.87 ~5‬‬
‫‪1, 25,165 = 39.74 ~5‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪58~. 8-9‬‬ ‫‪261‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫)‪((1‬‬‫‪1,, = 11~/1)~ = 220 /20/2 = 695.7 ~.‬‬

‫‪(0) 1-4 = /01,, 1,, 81119 (/9 = 1,,/)(70/7) = 695.7‬‬ ‫()‬

‫‪20,000/(70‬‬ ‫()‬
‫)‪25,165‬‬
‫‪176 ~.‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪(~) 1,, = 1,, //0(/2‬‬ ‫‪= 695.7 /20,000‬‬ ‫‪19.87‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪10-6/2 = 310.1 ~.‬‬
‫‪(0) 1/1~ ~~(1~-10-~~(1~ ~(1~(1~110(~011(1/5~,11~~ = 110, -‬‬ ‫‪110 = 440‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~(0(11~(). (8-64), /,,,.. = 106/(2 )( 12) = 41.67 ~1-1~.‬‬
‫(~~‪(1) 5111~~1/1~(~ 18 110 ~0‬‬ ‫‪1088 1111/1~ ~1(~1.111,1~ = 0.‬‬

‫‪~,.3(1))1~ 8-10‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1/1~ /1(111-0(10/5~ (~8011(1111111~~(1~( 111~1/5. 8-28(118‬‬ ‫‪0~~((11~0‬‬ ‫‪(11 (11(~()1.1~11~~ 01/0‬‬ ‫‪= 3.5‬‬
‫‪~1-1~. 11~, = ~2 = ~ = 3 /1-~, 1-, = 1-2 = 1- = 50 /1-1-1,~ = 2 0, (111011$= 220‬‬
‫‪,, 0~1~((11111~ 1/1~ ((1) ~~(1~ 81.1~~1~ ~1.1((~111,‬‬
‫)~( ~‪1~5~ (0) (1~~((1/5~ 1/1~(1810( ~1.1((~111, 1-4‬‬
‫‪((118 1/1~(1810( ~1.1((~111, 1,,~ (0) ((118 10(10 ~1.1((~111, 10~ (1110 (~) (1~~((1/5~ 81.1~~1~ ~1.1((~111, 1~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪8010~100 11~= 220 ,, ~. = ~, + ~2 = 6 /1-~,1- = 50 /1-1-1,‬‬
‫‪~ = 20,‬‬ ‫‪(1110/0= 3500‬‬
‫‪1-1~.‬‬‫‪1/1~ (111(11~818011/118 111~~(1~( 18 81(1111(1(10 1/1(11 01111~~(1~( 111~1/5. 8-23.‬‬ ‫‪11181~(10‬‬
‫‪011~0‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 ~1.118~8, 1/1~(~ (1(~ 100( ~1.118~8 111 (1 11.111~~~1~ 011/1~ 01.11~1.11~011(1/5~ ~11/1‬‬
‫‪011~ ~1.118~1/1(01.1/5/1~(1~/1010~~1~~8‬‬ ‫‪1,,1),,‬‬ ‫‪12, (11101)2.‬‬ ‫)‪~()1.1(111011(8-60‬‬ ‫‪18 (1~~11~(101~.‬‬
‫‪01.1(111/5 1/1~ ~08111~~ /1(111-~~~1~, 1/1~ ~1.1((~111110~8‬‬‫~~‪1/1(01.1/5/1 1, ~ (1110 01.1(111/51/1~ 11~/5311‬‬
‫‪/1(111-~~~1~ 1/1~ ~1.1((~111 110~8 1/1(01.1/5/1 1),.‬‬ ‫‪111 (1 110110~~(1(1~ ~0111(01, 1/1~(~ (1(~ 1~0‬‬
‫‪(~8011(1111 ~~~1~8 01.1(111/51/1~ ~1111(~ ~~(100 0101.11~1.111(~()1.1~11~~, /0.‬‬ ‫‪~(0(11 ~(). (8-61),‬‬

‫‪0)7 = 54,160‬‬ ‫‪((10/8‬‬ ‫~‪/7 = 5~~60 = 8619.9 1-1‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪(,‬‬ ‫‪116‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪1/1~ 011-~~(100‬‬ ‫‪0110(10‬‬
‫= ‪17‬‬

‫= ‪10‬‬
‫‪8619.9‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3500 = 285.72/1-8‬‬

‫‪~1.1((~111,‬‬
‫‪= 116 /1-8‬‬ ‫‪= - 2 = 58 /1-8‬‬

‫)‪(,‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪17 = 142.87‬‬ ‫‪58 = 84.87 /1-8‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪5111~~ (,) 18 /5(~(11~( 1/1(111~~(0,‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ 111~~(1~( ~01.110 0~~((11‬‬ ‫))‪111 1/1~ 011-0~~(1(1‬‬ ‫‪(1100~.‬‬
‫‪~(0(11 ~(). (8-54), 110= 100.4 , (1110110,= 220 + 100.4 = 320.4 ,.‬‬
‫‪((1) ~(0(11 ~().‬‬ ‫‪(8-47),‬‬

‫~ ‪(,,, -‬‬
‫_‬ ‫‪1(111‬‬
‫_ ‪_, 54,160‬‬
‫‪- 22.47 /1-8‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪54 , 160‬‬ ‫‪20 ,000‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(1110 1/1~ ))~(1~ 10(10 ~1.1((~111 0~~0(11~8 1,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫(( ‪10‬‬ ‫‪= (,,,) = 70.82 ~.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~ 1/1~(1810( ~01101.1~18 1(0(11 (1 11(11~ 01 (,.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ (1~~((1/5~ 1/1~(1810( ~1.1((~111 ~(111‬‬
‫‪0~ 101.11101(0(11‬‬

‫‪262‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(/()1/2‬‬
‫~‪/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)((‪~/01~1 16‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 22.05‬‬

‫‪(0) 10~ 0115 10(10 ~11((~111,/0 = 2/~ = 2 )( 22.05 = 44.1 ~.‬‬

‫‪(~) 110 = 44.12 )( 2 = 3889 ~ (1110 10~ (1~~((1~~ 511))))1)1~11((~111, /5 = 3889/220‬‬
‫‪17.68 ~.‬‬
‫‪1-/0(~.‬‬ ‫‪~1111‬‬ ‫‪0101(~~1101131‬‬ ‫‪5~11~11~5,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~1.1((~111 (31111~5 01111‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪(~-‬‬
‫‪01.1~~0.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 53111~ 01.11.,1.11 .,0~~(,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 3~~(38‬‬ ‫~~‪0~~1‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~11115 11311 3110 111~ (1115‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~1.1((~11115‬‬ ‫‪1/0‬‬ ‫(‪011113110‬‬ ‫(~‪311 111~~(1‬‬ ‫‪~11111.111101(~~1101131‬‬ ‫‪5~11~11~5.‬‬

‫~‪~,.301()1‬‬ ‫‪8-11‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~1111-0(10~~ (~5011(1111 111~~(1~( 111 1~. 8-29(1 15 0))~((11~0‬‬ ‫‪(11 (1 ~(~()11~11~)1, /0‬‬ ‫‪= 3.5‬‬
‫‪/(112. 1~~ = 6 ~ , 1- = 50 ~11, ~ = 20,‬‬ ‫~‪(111011$= 220~, 0~1~(111111‬‬ ‫(‪10~ ((1) ))~(1/‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(‪511))))1)1~11((~111, /~5~ (0) (1~~((1~~ (0)1(1510‬‬ ‫)‪~11((~111, /.4 ~ (~) (1115 (0)1(1510( ~11((~111, / ~ ~ (0‬‬
‫‪(1115 10(10 ~11((~111, /0~ (1110 (~) (1~~((1~~ 511))))1)1~11((~111, /$.‬‬

‫‪801111100 11$ = 220~, ~ = 6 ~ , 1- = 50 ~11, ~ = 20, (1110/0 = 3500/(112.‬‬ ‫‪(0111‬‬

‫~‪13(). (8-61), (0~ = 54,160 ((10/5 (1110/~ = 54,160/(210) = 8619.9 112. 0. = 20,000, 1‬‬
‫‪= 1/8619.9 = 116 ~5, (1 = 116/2 = 58 ~5, (111010 = 1/3500 = 285.72 ~5. 10~ 0~~-‬‬
‫(~‪))~(100 0~ 10(10 ~11((~11115(~ = 10/2 - 1~ = 142.87 - 58 = 84.87 ~5 (111010~ 111~~(1‬‬
‫‪~01110 0))~((11~ 11110~ 11011-0~~(1(1))11100~.‬‬

‫‪~0~8‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪1015‬‬ ‫‪11100~ 0~~1115 ~0~11‬‬ ‫‪11 (1110 12 (1(~ ~1(~0.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪(~5011(1111 ~11((~111 (10~5‬‬
‫‪10(011~0‬‬ ‫~‪11, 12, 10(10, (1110 511))))1)1. 10‬‬ ‫‪11151(1111(111~0115‬‬
‫‪~11((~111 15 0~5~(10~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(( ‪~110111111(11 ~01101110115 10‬‬
‫‪~1~~5‬‬
‫‪(/10‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1- (/( + ~10 + (3110‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫((‬
‫(( ~)‪(/( + 1‬‬

‫= )‪= 0) = 0, 1)~1 = 0‬‬

‫‪= 0) = 11$‬‬

‫‪- 11~ (1110 10~ 5011111011 ~0( 10~ ~11((~111‬‬

‫)‪(8-68‬‬

‫)((~)‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪- (11, +‬‬
‫‪11~)~-~( (0. 5111(0~( + (0~ ~05 (0~() +‬‬ ‫‪11$‬‬ ‫)‪(8-69‬‬
‫‪10)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪11 (1110 12 (1(~ 111(11~0 0~~ (11 (1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪10/(00‬‬ ‫‪~0~11‬‬ ‫)((‪11‬‬ ‫‪0~~0111~5‬‬ ‫‪2~(0.‬‬

‫= )‪11~1 = 1)~ (( = (1‬‬ ‫‪(11$ +‬‬ ‫‪11~)~-~~/00, +‬‬ ‫‪11$‬‬ ‫)‪(8-70‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~0~8‬‬ ‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪1015 11100~ 0~~1115 ~0~11 13 (1110 14 (1(~ ~1(~0.‬‬ ‫‪~ (~~~(5~ (~5011(1111 ~11((~111‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(10~5‬‬ ‫‪10(011~0 13, 14, 10(10, (1110 511))))1)1. 10~ 11151(1111(111~0115‬‬

‫‪10(10 ~11((~111 15 0~5~(10~0 0)1‬‬

‫‪(/10‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫(( )‪(/( + 1‬‬

‫‪1- (/( + ~10 +‬‬ ‫‪(31 10‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪= 0) = - 11$‬‬

‫) ‪(8-71‬‬

‫‪58~. 8-9‬‬ ‫‪263‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪1)0(0 = (115 +‬‬ ‫‪11,.1)~-~( (~ 8111 ().),( + ().), ~08 ().),0/().),‬‬ ‫‪11,‬‬ ‫)‪(8- 72‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪111~(1810(8‬‬ ‫‪13 311() 14 3(~ 111(11~() 01131‬‬ ‫‪(1 = -../().),, ~11~11 /()(0 0~~0111~8 2~(0.‬‬

‫‪11, = -1)0 (1 = (1) = (11, + 1(01)~-~.,,/~,+ 11,‬‬ ‫)‪(8-73‬‬

‫‪501.,,111~ 10( 11, 311() 11,1 1(0111 ~~8.‬‬ ‫)‪(8-70‬‬ ‫)‪311() (8-73‬‬ ‫‪~1.,,~8‬‬

‫)‪(8-74‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫(‪~-../().),. ~0‬‬
‫= =‬ ‫‪= = 20,000-../54,160‬‬ ‫‪= 1.1601, ~~. (8-74) ~1.,,~8 11, = 11,1 = 420.9‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪(3) ~(0111 ~~. (8-47),‬‬

‫~_‬
‫‪1,,, -‬‬ ‫‪1311 -1‬‬
‫‪54,160‬‬ ‫‪_ 22.47‬‬ ‫‪,..,8.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪54 , 160‬‬ ‫‪20 , 000‬‬
‫‪~(0111 ~~. (8-68), 111~~~3/( 103() ~11((~111,/,, = /() (( = (,,,) = 141.64~.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~ 111~(1810(~011()11~181(0111‬‬
‫)(‪3 11111~01 (1. 111~ 3.,,~(3~~ 111~(1810(~11((~111~3110~ 101111‬‬
‫~)‪1(0111~~. (8-68‬‬

‫~ )‪(~) 111~ (1118111~(1810(~11((~111~311 0~ 101111()1(0111~~. (8-68‬‬

‫‪0(~1/2‬‬
‫~‪/‬‬ ‫)((‪= (/01~1 /6‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 44.1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪(()) 111~ (1118103() ~11((~11118/0 = 2/~ = 2 )( 44.1‬‬

‫‪70.71 ~.‬‬

‫‪1-101~.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪83111~ ~1(~011‬‬

‫‪= 88.2 ~.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~0 = 88.22 )( 2 = 15,556 ~ 311()111~3.,,~(3~~ 811~~1~~11((~111,/, = 15,556/220‬‬

‫‪))3(3111~1~(8,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪001))01‬‬ ‫(~~‪))0‬‬ ‫(‪18 100‬‬ ‫‪11111~8, 3110‬‬

‫=‬

‫~~‪10~ 0~.,,1‬‬ ‫‪~0((~1118‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪1~1~~,‬‬ ‫(‪103110‬‬ ‫~~‪3 0311-0(10‬‬ ‫‪111.,,~(1~(.‬‬

‫‪~11000~01(31181810(8‬‬
‫‪10~)1 3(~ 08~0‬‬
‫‪3))))11~3110118,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪3110 1018 (~80118‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬
‫‪0( 0108‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ ~(11))10.,,~-1‬‬ ‫~‪38 8~11~0111‬‬ ‫‪0~.,,1~~8‬‬ ‫‪10( 111.,,~(1~(8,‬‬
‫(~~‪(110811)111110~-))0‬‬ ‫‪3))))11~3110115‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~~‪01~0-.,,0113‬‬ ‫‪311001~0-~0((~111‬‬
‫‪1118 11~~~883()110‬‬ ‫‪~01111~~110~111‬‬ ‫‪110 8~(1~8‬‬ ‫(‪3110/0‬‬ ‫‪))3(311~1‬‬ ‫~‪~011101113110118‬‬
‫‪111 311111~(~38~0‬‬ ‫~‪~0(11))1~)(11)1 0110‬‬ ‫‪~1(~011.‬‬ ‫~‪~381-8~11~0111‬‬ ‫‪10)1(1810(8,‬‬

‫‪~01~0‬‬ ‫~‪3(~ 3~311301‬‬ ‫‪11101~0 ~0113~~ 3110 ~0((~111 (31111~8, 3(~ 1110(~ 8011301~ 10( 01~0-‬‬
‫(~~‪))0‬‬ ‫‪3))))11~3110118.‬‬ ‫‪110~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪10)1(1810(8‬‬ ‫~(‪(~()01‬‬ ‫(‪~)(1(3 ~011111101311011 ~1(~0118 10‬‬
‫‪10(11-011‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~3(1008‬‬ ‫‪1~~0111()0~8‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫(‪10)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪~011111101311011‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪018~088~0‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬
‫(~‪~03))1‬‬ ‫‪3.‬‬ ‫~‪~110‬‬ ‫(~‪~3(11‬‬ ‫~~‪813‬‬ ‫(~~‪01 ))0‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1(0111~8,‬‬ ‫(‪111(11)110)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪~011111101311011‬‬
‫‪~1(~0118‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪111~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫~(~~‬ ‫‪0~~~10))~0.‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪1)1))~8 01 ~011111101311011‬‬ ‫‪~1(~0118‬‬ ‫‪~0111-‬‬
‫‪(110111)1 08~0‬‬ ‫(~‪111 111.,,~(1‬‬ ‫‪3))))11~3110118‬‬ ‫~~(‪3‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪~0)(1113()1‬‬ ‫‪~01111110131~0‬‬ ‫‪111~~(1~(8‬‬

‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪~0(11))1~111~1113()1‬‬ ‫‪~01111110131~0‬‬ ‫‪111.,,~(1~(8‬‬

‫‪264‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪.4.. 510~1~-~1135‬‬ ‫(~‪11111-0(10~~ 111~(1510( 10,,,~(1‬‬ ‫‪11510~ (11)(1113(~ ~001011113600‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~. 8-313.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~001011.113600‬‬ ‫‪~1(~111115 5113(~0 0~ 1~0‬‬ ‫‪111~(1510(5.‬‬ ‫~‪1-~1115 3551101‬‬
‫(‪11131111~(1510‬‬ ‫~‪1) 15 ~00011~60‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪511~~11~5 111~ 105130130~0115‬‬ ‫‪1030 ~11((~01,‬‬ ‫‪1,//~ 300‬‬
‫(‪111~ ~3()3~110‬‬ ‫‪~,,, 15 ~113(~~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 110 ~1111 ~013(11‬‬ ‫‪35 5110~0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~3,,,~10(015‬‬ ‫~‪10( 111‬‬
‫(‪~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪,,,0113~~ 300‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~. 8-310.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~001011113600‬‬ ‫‪~(0~~55‬‬
‫‪01 3 111~(1510( ~30 0~ 01,,,10~0‬‬ ‫‪1010 1011( 0100~5.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~0~9‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬ ‫~‪11115 0100‬‬ ‫‪0~~105‬‬ ‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫(‪111~(1510( 1)1 11(~0 10 111(0 011111~(1510‬‬ ‫‪/).‬‬
‫~‪~1(10‬‬ ‫))‪01 1‬‬ ‫‪~3115~5 3 (~500301‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫~‪110‬‬
‫(‪111(011~11111~ ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫~‪300 10(~~5 111‬‬
‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫)‪01 1‬‬ ‫‪10 1311.‬‬ ‫‪11115 ~30‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪~00510~(~0‬‬ ‫~‪35 3 (~,,,~(5~ ~11((~01 111(011~11 111‬‬
‫‪~1(~111110(01~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 1..,,,, ~,,,,‬‬ ‫‪1),300‬‬ ‫‪1)).‬‬ ‫~‪11115 0100‬‬ ‫‪~005‬‬ ‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬
‫(‬
‫)‪01/‬‬ ‫‪13115 10 2~(0‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪(15~5 10 111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01,‬‬ ‫‪1,,, 31‬‬ ‫‪= (1.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫*‪0~1‬‬ ‫‪,11‬‬ ‫‪,1‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪03‬‬ ‫‪,3‬‬ ‫‪0~3‬‬

‫‪~~~(..,,, ~0‬‬ ‫‪~,,,‬‬

‫‪~~5‬‬ ‫‪+ -‬‬
‫~‪+-‬‬ ‫‪~--1‬‬
‫~‪~8‬‬ ‫‪0,,,‬‬ ‫~‪8‬‬
‫*‪~0~4‬‬
‫‪~~04‬‬ ‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪0~2‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~,,,‬‬
‫)‪~0(1‬‬
‫‪(8) 0~~~~~1‬‬

‫~‪1‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫~‬
‫)‪~0(1‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪+-.,0 - -1. - - -‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪1-‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬

‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫~‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‬
‫~‬

‫‪~006 2‬‬
‫‪..-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫~~~‬
‫~‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪~006 3 ~006 4‬‬

‫‪(~) .,.,8~610~015‬‬

‫‪58~. 8-10‬‬ ‫‪265‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪05~111311011‬‬ ‫‪~011111111~5 111(011~11 1-,,,,‬‬ ‫‪~,,,,‬‬ ‫‪1)1,‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪111.‬‬ ‫~‪11115 11100‬‬ ‫‪~1105‬‬ ‫‪~11~11‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫(‬
‫(‪~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫~~‪13115 03‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(2 3110‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪/)1‬‬ ‫‪510~5‬‬
‫‪~011011~1111~.‬‬

‫‪~0~8‬‬ ‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪11115 11100~ 513(15 ~11~11 1)1 510~5 ~011011~1111~. 111~ ~3~3~110( 015-‬‬
‫‪~113(~~5 3110 (~~113(~~5 111(011~11 111~ 1030 31 311 3~~(0)(111131~1)1 ~011513111 ~11((~111 01‬‬
‫‪1,,,. 11115 11100~ ~1105 ~11~11 111~ ~3~3~110( ~0113~~ 0~~0111~5 ~()113110 111~ 0~ 511~~1)1‬‬
‫(‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~~(‪(3 3110 1~1105 10 0~~(~113‬‬ ‫‪011~ 10 111~ ~11~(~)1 510(~0‬‬ ‫‪111 111011~10( 1-,,,.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~0~8‬‬ ‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪11115 11100~ 0~~1115 ~11~111)41510(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪0135~0‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~ ~11~(~)1510(~0‬‬
‫(‪111 111011~10‬‬ ‫‪1-,,, 15 1(31151~((~0‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ ~3~3~110(,‬‬ ‫~‪~3115111~ 11 10 0‬‬ ‫‪0~~(~113(~~0‬‬ ‫‪~1111‬‬
‫‪(~5~~~1‬‬ ‫‪10 511~~1)1 ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪~5.‬‬ ‫~‪11115 11100‬‬ ‫(‪~1105 ~11~11 111~ ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫‪13115‬‬
‫‪3~3111 10 2~(0‬‬ ‫(‪3110 111~ ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪15 (~~~(5~0‬‬ ‫‪10 11131 01 0(1~11131 ~013(11)1.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(‪~3~3~110‬‬ ‫~‪15 110‬‬ ‫‪(~30)110‬‬ ‫‪111(11 01114‬‬ ‫‪11 144 15 11(~0.‬‬
‫(~‪11115 111~~(1‬‬ ‫‪15 ~01111110111)1 ~110~11‬‬ ‫‪35 111~ /04(/04~,,(1)1‬‬ ‫‪/11~~,(~,.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111‬‬
‫‪0~~(31101115‬‬ ‫‪51111113( 1011131111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪3-13.‬‬ ‫‪~()113110115‬‬ ‫)‪(3-25‬‬ ‫)‪10 (3-31‬‬ ‫~‪10( 111~ 3~311301‬‬
‫~‪111(11-01111111~ 3110 111~ 0~51~11 ~01101110115 3(~ 3~~11~301‬‬ ‫(~‪10( 11115111~~(1‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111.‬‬ ‫‪~(0111‬‬
‫‪~().‬‬ ‫‪(3-25),‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 3~311301‬‬ ‫~‪111(11-01111111‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪0135‬‬ ‫‪11111~ 15‬‬

‫‪(,,‬‬ ‫‪= ~1-,,,~,,,‬‬ ‫‪(10‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)~‪2 5111-1‬‬ ‫)‪(8-75‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫)‪(8-76‬‬

‫)‪(8-77‬‬

‫‪111 311 111~~(1~(,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫‪~3(1~5‬‬ ‫~‪35 3 11111~11011 0111111‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~ ~0111-‬‬
‫~‪111111311011 ~1(~1111 51101110 0‬‬ ‫‪0~51~11~0‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~~3‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(‪~3~3~110‬‬
‫‪~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪~111~110~~~1105‬‬ ‫‪011111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111 31111~ 111513111 01 ~0111111111311011, 111~(~35~5‬‬
‫~~‪111~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~11((~111 (31111~5 010~~1~~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~0111~011~1115.‬‬ ‫‪8)1 ~01111~~1111~ 0100~5,‬‬
‫‪111~ ~)(~~55‬‬ ‫‪~11~(~)1 ~311 0~ (~111(11~0‬‬ ‫~~(‪10 111~ 0~ 5011‬‬ ‫‪35 5110~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-313‬‬ ‫‪0)103511~0‬‬
‫‪1111~5.‬‬ ‫‪~ ~3(1‬‬ ‫‪01111~ ~11~(~)1 ~01110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 01551~31~0111‬‬ ‫(‪(~51510‬‬ ‫~‪~, ~111~111113)10‬‬ ‫‪(~~13~~0‬‬
‫~~‪0)1 3 1~~003‬‬ ‫‪~1110111~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~~‬ ‫‪113~~ 5~~11 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-22‬‬ ‫‪11131111~0‬‬ ‫‪111011~10(5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪11~1111)1 ~011~1~0,‬‬ ‫~‪11(111~ 01 011‬‬
‫(‪111)1(1510‬‬ ‫(~‪111(115 011 3110111‬‬ ‫(‪111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ 53111~ 3(111.‬‬ ‫‪11115 1)1~~ 01 ~0111111111311011‬‬
‫‪15 ~110~11‬‬ ‫‪35 (0,,,/1/~,,,~11((1,)1‬‬ ‫‪(0,,,,,,~((1(/011.‬‬ ‫‪11115 ~(111~1~1~ ~311 0~ ~)(1~110~0‬‬ ‫‪1010(~~0‬‬
‫(~‪~011111111131~0 111~~(1‬‬ ‫‪~1(~11115 3110 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-323‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬ ‫~‪011~ 3(111 01 3 5111~1~-~1135‬‬ ‫‪11111-‬‬
‫~~‪0(10‬‬ ‫‪111~~(1~(.‬‬ ‫‪11115 ~1(~111115 3150 ~110~11‬‬ ‫‪35 3 /04(/04~,,(1)1-13~(//0,(/‬‬ ‫‪111~~(1~(.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~1(~1111 0~~(311011‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬ ‫‪01~10~0‬‬ ‫‪11110 111(~~ 11100~5‬‬ ‫(‪3110 111~ ~()111~31~111 ~1(~11115 10‬‬
‫‪11100~5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-320.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~3~~10(1115‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~11((~1115‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬

‫‪266‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪500~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪8-32‬‬ ‫(~‪1.100‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(1551.1(0~1100‬‬ ‫~‪10(11 10‬‬ ‫‪10(10 ~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪(~(0(1105‬‬ ‫‪~0051(101‬‬
‫~‪01.1(10‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~0(0(01.11(11100‬‬ ‫‪~~(100.‬‬

‫‪~0~9‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪1015 (000~ 0~~105 ~0~0 12 15 11(~0 10 11.1(0 01111.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~().1.11~(11~01‬‬
‫‪~1(~1.11115 500~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~. 8-320.‬‬ ‫‪~1 10~ 51(1(1 011015 (000~, ~(1~(1~110( ~2 15 ~0(1(~~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~,.‬‬ ‫= ‪~1 15 500(1~0 0)1 11 (100 0(15 00 ~011(1~~. 10~ ~011(1~~ (1~(055 1-2 15 1)~2‬‬
‫‪~5 (1110 10~ ~1.1((~0110(01.1~01-2‬‬ ‫~‪1001.1~~5 (1 ~011(1~~ 011) ~1 = ~5 (1~(055 1-1. ~ (~~~(5‬‬
‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫)‪011‬‬ ‫(‪(1/‬‬ ‫‪= ~., -‬‬ ‫)‪1‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫)‪1‬‬
‫‪~2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪- ~5 15 (1~~11~0‬‬ ‫‪(1~(055‬‬ ‫~‪11 (1110 10‬‬ ‫‪10(~(1(0‬‬

‫‪58~. 8-10‬‬ ‫‪267‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~1.1((~111 01111810(~~0‬‬ ‫‪10 2~(0.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(‪~1.1((~11110‬‬ ‫‪11100~ 1, 1111181111111111~01.181)10~~0111~8‬‬
‫‪2~(0‬‬ ‫~‪11110 12 (18~8 10 10~ 1~~~1 0110‬‬ ‫= ‪11181111111111~01.1810110 ~1.1((~111, 12‬‬ ‫‪1/1,.‬‬
‫‪~881.1111111~ 10111 ~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪~2‬‬ ‫‪~,,, 111100)1 ~0111()1~1111~10~ 100() 11(01.1110~1, ~2,‬‬
‫~‪11110 10‬‬ ‫‪0~ 801.1(~~,‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~11()11~110( ~1.1((~1118 11(~ 0~8~(10~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1‬‬

‫)‪(8-78‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(8-79‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(8-80‬‬

‫‪~881.1111111~ 10111 1-1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ‪1-2‬‬ ‫)(‪1-,,, 11110 ~0111()1~1111~ 10~ 100‬‬ ‫‪10(111~0‬‬ ‫‪0)11-2,‬‬ ‫‪12,‬‬ ‫‪11110 ~2‬‬
‫‪~1~~8‬‬

‫‪0,11‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪1-,,,‬‬ ‫‪0,( -‬‬ ‫((‬ ‫) ‪(8-81‬‬
‫‪0,( + ~,,, .1 1~2‬‬ ‫‪1)~2‬‬ ‫‪= 0) = 0‬‬

‫‪~110111111111 ~01101110118‬‬ ‫)‪11 (( = 0) = 1,,, 111101)~2 (( = 0‬‬ ‫~‪= 11$. 10‬‬ ‫‪8011.11101101 8()..‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫)‪(8-81‬‬ ‫‪~110111111111 ~01101110118 )11~108‬‬

‫)‪(8-82‬‬

‫=)‪0‬‬ ‫)‪(8-83‬‬

‫)‪(8-84‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪~01111~~ 11~(088 11 18‬‬

‫‪~/2~ ,,,‬‬
‫)‪1)0/((1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪115 -‬‬ ‫‪21)~2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪115 -‬‬ ‫‪2115 ~08 0)( + 41,,,‬‬ ‫‪8111‬‬ ‫()‪0‬‬ ‫)‪(8-85‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(‪11~11111101~ (0‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.111) 11.1(11-01111111~ ~1111 0~ 0~1~(111111~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 10~ ~0110111011‬‬ ‫(‪1)0/‬‬
‫((‬
‫=‬ ‫)‪((/‬‬
‫‪= 0111 8().. (8-85),‬‬ ‫‪~111~01111~( 81111()1111~1111011‬‬
‫‪~1~~8‬‬

‫‪((/‬‬ ‫)‪= /2(1-/1,~,,,‬‬ ‫‪(~08-1‬‬ ‫)~‪+1 ~2)1/2 - 11111~1‬‬ ‫)‪(8-86‬‬

‫‪2(1‬‬

‫‪268‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(8-87‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~1(~01110(0-01111111‬‬ ‫‪18 0~()~00~01‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪~0((~011,,,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪~111 0~ 1113)(11110111‬‬
‫‪~0~0‬‬ ‫= ‪1,,,‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪1113)(11110111 ~(110‬‬ ‫‪01 1~ 18‬‬

‫)‪(8-88‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1018 11100~ ~008 ~0~0 10~ ~01138~ 00 ~3()3~110( ~2 0~~0111~8 ~~(0 (100 1)~2(1) 1~008‬‬
‫‪10 ~0(1(8~ 10 0()()0811~ 01(~~1100, 300 10~ 11111~00(31100 10( 1018 11100~ ~30 0~ 10000‬‬
‫‪1(0111 111~ ~00011100 1)~2 (1 = 11,,,) = 1)~2 (1 = 11,,,) = 0, ~01~018 3180 10~ ~00011100‬‬
‫‪10( ()~3~ 10)1(1810( ~0((~01.‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 ~(). (8-84),‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪11.= /,.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪21.‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪27. .,0 ,.,/,.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫)‪(8-89‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(‪111)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪/1 (1) 0~~0111~8‬‬ ‫‪1113)(11110111 31 1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1,,,‬‬

‫‪11118 11100~,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~0~9‬‬ ‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪1018 11100~ 0~8108 ~11~0 0100~ /)2 81(1(18 ~0000~1108.‬‬
‫‪31~01 ~1(~011 18 800~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~18. 8-320.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~()01~-‬‬
‫‪10~ ~0~(8)1 810(~0 10 1000~10( 1-2 18 1081 10‬‬
‫‪10~ ~1(~011 10(111~0 0)1 12, /)2, 300 1-2. 10~ 1030 ~0((~111 1~(1) (= 1,,,) 3180 110~8‬‬
‫)‪(8-90‬‬

‫‪10(0080 0100~ /)2.‬‬ ‫‪11 ~.118 10~ 10(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪~01138~ 0(0() 010100~ /)2 3110 10)1(1810( 12,‬‬
‫‪10~ 111813111311~008 ~0((~11111100~ 2, /2(1), 18 81~~0 0)1‬‬

‫‪0.12‬‬
‫‪1-,,,‬‬ ‫‪+ ~.1 = 0‬‬ ‫) ‪(8-91‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬
‫‪~11011111131 ~0110111011 12 (1 = 0) = 1/1300 10~ 80101101101 ~(). (8-91) 18‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~.1‬‬
‫‪12(1) = 1/1 -‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬ ‫)‪(8-92‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1-,,,‬‬
‫‪1018 11100~ ~1108 ~0~11 /2(1) 13118 10 ~~(0 300 10)1(1810( 12 18 10(11~0 011 00~ 10 8~11-‬‬
‫‪~011111101311011. 10~ 00(311011 011018 11100~ 18 3()()(0)(111131~1)1‬‬

‫)‪(8-93‬‬

‫‪$8~. 8-10‬‬ ‫‪269‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪15 5110~0 10 ~1~. 8-320.‬‬ ‫~‪0100~ 1)2 ~001101.1~5 10 ~3(()1 111~ 1030 ~1.1((~01 1.10111111‬‬
‫‪1030 ~1.1((~0113115 10 2~(0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~~~(5~ ~0113~~ 10( 12 15 ~(0~10~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1111~ 10(~3(0‬‬
‫‪~0113~~ 0(0~ 01 0100~ 1)2.‬‬

‫~‪~)(301()1‬‬ ‫‪8-12‬‬

‫‪10~ 8111~1~-11038~ (0111111~111~1113()1111,,,~(1~( 111~1~. 8-3230381.-1‬‬ ‫‪= 1.-2 = 1.-,,, = 30 ~1-1,‬‬

‫‪~,,, = 50 ~~, 3110 10~ 11~3/( 1030 (1.1((~11118 /,,, = 175~.‬‬ ‫‪10~ 0( 111111.11‬‬ ‫‪,,,0113~~ 18 11,‬‬
‫‪= 220 ~ 3110 10~ 111,,,~(1~( 1(~()1.1~11()118 /() = 60 1-12. 10~ ,,,0113~~ 0(011 0110~ (1((1.111‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫(‪10(111~0 0)110)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪12 3110 0100~ /)2 18, 31111(0)(111131~1)1, 11,1 = 2 ~.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~(111111~ 10‬‬
‫)(( ~‪(1((1.11111.1(11-01111111~, (,1(,,,,.~) 11/,,, = 0‬‬
‫‪(3) (1((1.11111.1(11-01111111~, (4~ (0) (113)(11111.1111‬‬
‫‪10~ 11~3/( (1.1((~111 0110)1(1810(8,‬‬ ‫)‪/,,~ (0‬‬ ‫‪01.1(311011 01 (01111111.1131101111(0(~88,‬‬ ‫= ‪(,‬‬ ‫‪(1,,, +‬‬
‫(‪(2,,,~ 3110 (~) ~11~(~)1131111~011111101.1(10‬‬ ‫‪1.-2 3110~ ~110 0111100~ 1.‬‬

‫‪50111~100‬‬ ‫= ‪11, = 220 ~, 1.-,,,= 30 ~1-1, ~,,,‬‬ ‫‪50 ~~, 3110/,,, = 175~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(3) ~(0111 ~(). (8-87), ~ = (175/220‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪30/50‬‬ ‫‪= 0.8714.‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 ~().‬‬ ‫‪(8-86),‬‬

‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪(4‬‬
‫‪= ~2‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪((08‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬ ‫‪1311-1‬‬ ‫)‪(0.8714‬‬ ‫‪= 25.6‬‬ ‫‪~8‬‬
‫‪2(1 + 0~87142)1/2-‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪(0) ~(0111 ~(). (8-88), (4(,,,..) = (70/3) ~2 )( 30 )( 50 = 57.36 ~8.‬‬

‫‪(() ~(0111 ~(). (8-89), 10~ 11111~10( 10~ 11~3/( (1.1((~11118‬‬

‫()‬ ‫‪)( 501311-1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪(,,,‬‬
‫‪= (1,,, = ~2‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪= 46.78‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬
‫‪0.8714‬‬

‫‪106‬‬
‫‪(0‬‬
‫‪= ~2‬‬ ‫‪18,257 (30/5‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪30‬‬ ‫()‬
‫= ‪50‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~(0111 ~()5.‬‬

‫‪/,, = 2‬‬
‫)‪(8-82‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪3110 (8-90),‬‬

‫‪175 (05 (1.8257‬‬

‫‪10~ 11~3/( 10)1(1810( (1.1((~11118‬‬

‫()‬
‫)‪0.4678‬‬ ‫‪+ 220‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪/2‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫‪5111(1.8257‬‬ ‫)‪)( 0.4678‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫~ ‪175 = 357.76‬‬

‫‪(0) ~(0111 ~().‬‬ ‫‪(8-93),‬‬ ‫‪(2,,,‬‬ ‫()‬
‫=‬ ‫‪175‬‬ ‫‪30/2‬‬ ‫‪= 2625‬‬ ‫~‪~5 3110 10~ (01111111.1131101111111‬‬
‫‪15‬‬

‫‪(0 = (1,,, + (2,,, = 46.78 + 2625 = 2671.78 ~8‬‬

‫~‪(~) ~1 10~ ~110 0111100‬‬ ‫‪1, 10~ ~11~(~)1 510(~0‬‬ ‫‪11111101.1(10( 1.-2 15‬‬

‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬

‫~‬ ‫‪= 0.51.-,,,/~ = 0.5‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪106‬‬ ‫‪357.762 = 1.921‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1-/0(~.‬‬ ‫‪11 ~3/(~5‬‬ ‫~‪3 (~1311~~1)1100‬‬ ‫~‪11(11~ 10 01551~31‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0~(~)1‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪(~01.1~~5‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~111~1~0~)1‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪01.11~1.111(~~1.1~0~)1‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪10~~(1~(.‬‬ ‫‪01.1~ 10 11115 ~0~(~)1‬‬ ‫‪01551~31100‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5,‬‬ ‫‪111~(~ ~01.110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~((1131 ~(001~(11.‬‬ ‫‪11115 1(3~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0~(~)1‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪(~11.1(0~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 111~ 501.1(~~ 0)1 ~000~~110‬‬ ‫(‪3 1~~003~/‬‬ ‫(~‪1(30510((11‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪0100~5‬‬ ‫‪35 5110~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~. 8-33.‬‬
‫~‪~)(301()1‬‬ ‫‪8-13‬‬

‫(‪1110~ 11.1(118(3110 011~~003(/‬‬ ‫~‪1(311510(111~( 111~1~. 8-33 15 1-1/1-12 = (1 = 0.1, 0~1~(111111‬‬

‫(‪10~ (3) 01.1(31101101 (01111111.1131101111(0(~88, (0 = (1,,, + (2,,,~ (0) ~11~(~)11(31111~011111101.1(10‬‬
‫‪1.-2 3110~ ~110 0111100~ 1 ~ 3110 (() 11~3/( 10)1(1810( (1.1((~111.‬‬

‫‪270‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪.,,1~0..~ 8-33 ~0(11()1~(11~(1(3(~ ~0(11(110(3-‬‬

‫‪(10(1 ~1(111~~003~(( ~1(101(185.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪801..1100 11, = 220~, 1-1 = 1-2 = 1-,,, = 30 ~1-1,~ = 50 ~~, ~110/,,, = 175~.‬‬ ‫‪~(0(11‬‬
‫‪8(). (8-87),‬‬

‫‪175‬‬ ‫()‪/2‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬

‫= ~‬ ‫‪= 0.8714‬‬
‫~‪220‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪106‬‬
‫‪= 18,257 (~0/5‬‬
‫‪(0‬‬
‫‪= ~2‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪30‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪50‬‬
‫‪(~) 10.~ ~0(11(11..1~60111111~(,,,~1‬‬ ‫‪~~11 0~ 01,,,10~0 11110 1~0‬‬ ‫‪(1100~5.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ ~()111,,,~1~111‬‬
‫‪~1(~111110( (1100~ 115 50.0~11 111~1~. 8-34~,‬‬ ‫‪~0.1~0. 15 10.~ 5~(11~ ~5 10.~1111 ~1~. 8-32~.‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫~(~‪111 ~110 112 ~(~ 10.~ ~(1(11~(~ ~110 5~~0110‬‬ ‫~‪,,,011~~~ 0110.‬‬ ‫(‪1~~00~~/‬‬ ‫‪((~11510((11~(,‬‬ ‫‪(~-‬‬
‫‪5~~~6,,,~1~, 1)2 ~110 1)11 ~01110 ~011011~1 11‬‬

‫(‪0‬‬
‫)‪(8-94‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪10.~ 011(~11011 01 (1100~ 1 ~~11 0~ 1011110 1(0(11 8().‬‬ ‫=)‪(8-84‬‬
‫)‪(8-95‬‬

‫(( ‪111.2‬‬ ‫‪= (1,0) = 11, ~05‬‬ ‫‪(0(1,,, - 2/,,,‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪1-,,,‬‬
‫‪5111 (0 (1,,,‬‬ ‫‪- (/11,‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪2~,0‬‬

‫(‬
‫‪(/‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪1,,,‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪,,,,,,‬‬ ‫‪1 - 1‬‬
‫‪511‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~2)1/2‬‬
‫‪+ ~21-,,,~,,,‬‬ ‫‪1~11-1-‬‬
‫~‬
‫) ‪(8-96‬‬
‫‪= 50.91‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪10.15 (1100~ ~1105 ~0.~11 1)2 ~110 1)11 ~011011~15.‬‬ ‫~‪~110.‬‬ ‫‪~110 01 (1100~ 1, 8().‬‬ ‫)‪(8-82‬‬ ‫‪~1,,,~5‬‬
‫(‪10.~ ~11((~111 11110.~(1510‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫=‬
‫)‪(8-97‬‬
‫‪~(0(11 8()5. (8-82) ~110 (8-97),‬‬

‫()‬ ‫)‪)( 0.5091‬‬ ‫)‪)( 0.5091‬‬

‫‪/1 = 2‬‬ ‫‪175 ~05 (1.8257‬‬ ‫()‪+ 220 )2‬‬ ‫‪5111(1.8257‬‬
‫~~‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪175‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 356.24‬‬

‫‪58~. 8-10‬‬ ‫‪271‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~~1‬‬

‫‪~01‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~~2‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬

‫‪.2‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪(1 + 3.)~5‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪3.~5‬‬
‫‪~01‬‬

‫‪~5‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫‪-1‬‬
‫‪46.78‬‬

‫‪~~02‬‬

‫‪/101‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫)‪(8-98‬‬
‫‪-0.1‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪220 = -22...,,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~5 -‬‬ ‫‪~02 = (1 + (1)~5‬‬ ‫)‪(8-99‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫‪220 = 242...,,‬‬

‫~‪~00‬‬ ‫‪2 0~~1115 ~11~11 /)2‬‬ ‫~‪3110 /)11 ~011011~1 3110 111~ ...0113~~ 01111011~10‬‬ ‫‪~2 15‬‬
‫‪~13~~~0‬‬ ‫‪10 - (1~5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~~111...31~111 ~1~~111115 5110~11 111~1~. 8-340.‬‬

‫‪0/2‬‬
‫‪~ ,,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪-(17) 2‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪-(1~.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫)‪(8-100‬‬
‫(‪0‬‬

‫‪272‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(8-101‬‬

‫)‪(8-102‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫_‪356.24‬‬
‫‪= 30‬‬ ‫‪10-6‬‬ ‫‪485.79 ~5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫()‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪220‬‬

‫‪(,. = (1,,, + (2,~ = 50.91 + 485.79 = 536.7 ~5‬‬

‫‪(0) ~11/1~ ~110 0111100~ 1, 1/1~ ~11~,~~ 510,~0 1111110(1(10, 1.~ 15‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫~‬ ‫‪= 0.51.,,,1~= 0.5‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪10-6‬‬ ‫‪356.242‬‬ ‫‪= 1.9041‬‬
‫‪(() ~,0111 ~~. (8-89),‬‬ ‫‪(,,,‬‬
‫‪= 46.78 ~5, 3110 1,0111~~. (8-98), 1~ = 357.76 ~.‬‬
‫~‪1-/0(~. 111~ 1,3~~~0 ~11~(~)118 (~10(11~0 10 111~ 80~~1)1. 111~ (01111110131101111111‬‬
‫‪(311 0~ (~00(~0‬‬ ‫‪0)110~~(111~ 111~10(118 (3110 (1~11118~0010 111((~38~ 111~~0113~~ (31111~8‬‬
‫(‪011~~003(/‬‬ ‫‪0100~8.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪111 111~ ~(~~1008‬‬
‫‪(0((~111‬‬

‫‪~11~(~38‬‬
‫‪001~01‬‬
‫‪18 10((~0‬‬
‫~~‪~111111100(11‬‬
‫‪8~(110118‬‬

‫‪10308,‬‬
‫~‪10 110(1031‬‬

‫~((‪111 3 (0((~111-800‬‬
‫‪(0((~111‬‬
‫‪111~ 111~~(1~(8‬‬

‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬

‫‪18 111311113111~0 (011813111‬‬

‫~~‪1(0111 ~08111‬‬

‫‪111~~(1~(,‬‬
‫‪8~11(11~8‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫~~‪1(0111 3 ~0113‬‬
‫‪10 11~~311~~,‬‬
‫~‪~1111 3 1(~~~11~~1111‬‬
‫‪111~ 111~01 0~113~~8‬‬
‫~~‪1((~8~~(11‬‬ ‫‪011030‬‬
‫~(‪3110 ~1‬‬
‫~((‪800‬‬

‫‪0100~8‬‬
‫‪38 3 (0((~111‬‬
‫‪~~(83.‬‬

‫(~‪011 111~ 111~~(1‬‬

‫~(‪3‬‬
‫‪3110 111~ 1030‬‬

‫‪800((~.‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪(0‬‬
‫‪(~().01(~0,‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫~‪3110 111‬‬
‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪18 10((~0‬‬ ‫‪10 (11311~~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (1((011‬‬ ‫‪013~(3111‬‬ ‫~‪01 3 8111~1~-~1138‬‬ ‫‪1(311818-‬‬
‫‪10(12~0‬‬ ‫(~‪111~~(1‬‬ ‫‪18 8110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-353.‬‬ ‫‪5111(~ 111~(~ 111081 0~ 3 (01111110008‬‬ ‫‪(0((~111‬‬
‫~‪110‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 111~ 800((~,‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪8~11(11~8‬‬ ‫‪111081 31~3)18‬‬ ‫~‪(01100(1-011‬‬ ‫(~~~‪1(0111 111~ 0‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬
‫(~~‪011~ 1(0111111~ 10‬‬ ‫‪8~11(11~8.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (01100(11011‬‬ ‫‪8~().0~11(~ 1812,23,34,3110‬‬ ‫‪41.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫‪(0((~111‬‬ ‫‪~3~~10(111‬‬ ‫‪18 8110~11 111 ~1~. 8-350.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0100~8‬‬ ‫‪111 8~(1~8‬‬ ‫~‪~1111 111‬‬
‫‪1(31181810(8‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪(~().01(~0‬‬ ‫(‪10 010(/‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~8‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ 1(31181810(8.‬‬
‫~((‪~1111 3 (0((~111-800‬‬ ‫‪111~~(1~(,‬‬ ‫‪111~ (011111101311011‬‬ ‫‪(1((0118‬‬ ‫~(‪10( 111)1(1810(8 (~().01‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0(11)1 (3~3(110(8‬‬ ‫~(‪3110 3‬‬ ‫‪81111~1~(,‬‬ ‫‪38 8110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-35(.‬‬ ‫‪~~1‬‬ ‫~‪08 3880111‬‬ ‫‪11131 11‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪3110 12 3(~ (01100(1111‬‬ ‫‪3110 (3~3(110(8‬‬ ‫‪~1 3110 ~2 3(~ (113(~~0‬‬ ‫‪~1111 ~013(11)1‬‬ ‫‪38 8110~11.‬‬
‫‪~1(111~ 01111)1(1810(8‬‬ ‫~‪13 3110 14 (~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪0138~8‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1810(8‬‬ ‫‪11 3110 12.‬‬ ‫~(‪11 3110 12 3‬‬
‫‪10(11~0‬‬ ‫‪011.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪(0((~111‬‬ ‫~‪110‬‬ ‫‪110~8‬‬ ‫‪111(00~11‬‬ ‫‪13~11)1,‬‬ ‫‪1030,‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪1)2~214.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪(3~3(110(8‬‬ ‫‪~1 3110 ~2‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪018(113(~~0‬‬ ‫‪3110 (~(113(~~0‬‬ ‫‪31 3 (011813111‬‬ ‫~‪(31‬‬ ‫‪0~1~(111111~0‬‬
‫‪0)11030‬‬ ‫‪(0((~111,‬‬ ‫‪/,,,‬‬ ‫‪= //.,..‬‬ ‫‪~11~11 111~ (0((~111111(00~11‬‬ ‫‪~1 3110 ~2 13118 10 2~(0,‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪(0((~111‬‬ ‫~‪~111 0‬‬ ‫‪1(31181~((~0‬‬ ‫~‪1(0111 0100‬‬ ‫‪1)1 10 1)3 3110 1)2 10 1)4.‬‬ ‫‪1)1 3110 1)2‬‬
‫‪~111 0~ 1011~0‬‬ ‫‪011 ~11~11 111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪(0((~111‬‬ ‫‪18 (0111~1~1~1)1 (~~~(8~0.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ (3~3(110‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫~‪110‬‬ ‫‪(~30)110‬‬ ‫‪10(11 01113‬‬ ‫‪3110 14 11111)1(1810(8‬‬ ‫‪11 3110 12 3(~ 11(~0‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ 11~)(111311-‬‬

‫‪$8~.‬‬ ‫‪8-11‬‬ ‫‪273‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪~ +‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫‪.,,.‬‬
‫~‬

‫~‬
‫~‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫‪.,,8~~8~~8 ~~ .,,0~1898‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫__ _ _ _ ___‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪2..‬‬

‫‪- ~~ - - - - - - - - - - - - -‬‬
‫‪(~) ~08~ ~()~~8/11‬‬

‫‪~-- --,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~~~~~/‬‬

‫‪/‬‬
‫‪~+‬‬
‫‪~~- .,,.‬‬
‫‪~,-,‬‬

‫‪~01‬‬
‫‪~~04‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪~~,-4‬‬

‫‪~~~~---....,,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~)1~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~00101111(11100‬‬ ‫‪1101~ ~111 (/~~~0(/‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪10(1(/ ~11‬‬ ‫‪~01‬‬ ‫‪(10(/ 10(1(/ ,,,011(18~.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(/10(/~5 10 ~18. 8-35~ 1501(11~ 10~ ~(1~(1~110._5 ~._001 10~ 10(1(/ ,,,011(18~.‬‬
‫~‪~1811.-‬‬ ‫‪8-36(1‬‬ ‫‪500~5‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~1._~1111 (/1(18.-(101 0~ (1 10._~~-~0(15‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬ ‫~~_‪~01-5011.‬‬ ‫‪10-‬‬
‫‪,,,~._1~._.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~(1,,,~~0._015‬‬ ‫‪~0._ 8(11108‬‬ ‫‪5180(115 (10(/ 110~ ~11‬‬ ‫‪~015‬‬ ‫‪~0._ (1 ~)1~-~000~~1~(/‬‬
‫‪10(1(/ (1._~ 500~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~18.‬‬ ‫‪8-360.‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪(10)11051(101,‬‬ ‫‪001)11~0‬‬ ‫‪111)1._1510._5 ~00(/11~1‬‬ ‫~‪(11 10‬‬
‫‪5(101~ 1101~.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬ ‫~~(‪~01-5011‬‬ ‫(~‪10,,,~(1‬‬ ‫)‪(~51‬‬ ‫~~(‪15 (1 (/11(110~ (1 ,,,011(18~-5011‬‬ ‫(~‪10,,,~(1‬‬ ‫‪(~51).‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪110~-10-110‬‬ ‫~‪,,,011(18‬‬ ‫‪0~ (1 ~5115‬‬ ‫~~‪510111(1( 10 50(1‬‬ ‫~‪10 10‬‬ ‫‪110~ ~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪0~ (1 ~51.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(1(/,,,(101(18~5‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 10‬‬ ‫‪~51‬‬ ‫)‪(1(~~ (1‬‬ ‫~~‪510‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪10~111 (/~ ~11(._~01‬‬ ‫‪15 ~001(011~(/‬‬ ‫‪(10(/‬‬
‫‪110111~(/,‬‬ ‫‪011511(108‬‬ ‫‪0~ 5~11~0108‬‬ ‫‪(/~,,,1~~5,‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪(1 500(1‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111, ~0111(/‬‬ ‫‪001‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪5~(10115‬‬

‫‪274‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(~~~~()( )‪(8‬‬

‫‪91‬‬

‫(‪(0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫‪92‬‬
‫(‪(0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪211‬‬
‫‪93‬‬
‫(‪(0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪94‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪95‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪96‬‬
‫(‪(0‬‬

‫(‪(0‬‬

‫(‪(0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪~~(.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬

‫‪~~0‬‬
‫(‪(0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~~0‬‬
‫(‪(0‬‬

‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪~8..810~015‬‬

‫‪~1~11..~8-36‬‬ ‫~‪1/1(~~-()/1(15‬‬ ‫‪~11((~11( 5011(~~ (((11151510( 111..~(1~(.‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪8-11‬‬ ‫‪275‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪~(001~/115‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫(‪111.~ ~~(1/‬‬ ‫(~~‪~1.1((~111 01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫)‪15 11/1111~0~ (3‬‬ ‫‪111.~ ~0/11/111.11311011‬‬
‫(‪~1(~1.1115 10‬‬ ‫‪111.~(1510(5‬‬ ‫~(~‪(1(~ 51/11~1‬‬ ‫)‪3110 (4‬‬ ‫~~‪11 11.35 111.~ 301111~ 10 11.(11101~ (~(1~11‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬
‫~~‪(~~~11~((111‬‬ ‫~‪10(10 ~1111.01.111(~~~11.~~1111‬‬ ‫‪0100~5.‬‬
‫~‪~ ~51 (~~1.11(~5 (1 (~1(111~~1)11(1(8‬‬ ‫(‪(~3~10‬‬ ‫‪10 ~)(11.1011 ~1.1((~111-501.1(~~ ~11.(1((1~1~(-‬‬
‫(~‪1511~5 (1110 311 ~)(1((1 ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪51(1~~ 10 ~0111(01111.~ ~1.1((~111.‬‬ ‫~‪111.~ 0)111(1/111~ (~5~0115‬‬
‫‪15 510~~(.‬‬ ‫(~‪01.1~ 10 ~1.1((~1111((11151‬‬ ‫(‪1(0/11 011~ ~31‬‬ ‫‪015~11~11.~5‬‬ ‫‪10 (1110111.~(, (111 01.11~1.11‬‬
‫‪1111~( 15 (~~1.11(~0‬‬ ‫‪10 51.1~~(~55‬‬ ‫~~‪111.~ 01.11~1.11 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪5~1/(~5.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~‪111.~ 01.11~1.11 ~011(1‬‬ ‫(~‪01 (111 111~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪~(111 0‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪~(1()1111~ 111.~ /11001.11(111011‬‬
‫(‪1110~)( (0‬‬ ‫)‪~1.115~ ~10111.5‬‬ ‫~~‪(1110 /11311113111111~ 111.~ 0~ 111~1.11~011(1‬‬ ‫‪~01151(1111 ~ 01.11 111 111.15‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~‪1)1‬‬ ‫~~‪01 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01,‬‬ ‫‪(1 ((111~~ 01 11.(1(/110111~5 ~01.110‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪~(~5~111‬‬ ‫‪011 111.~ 01.11~1.11‬‬
‫‪~011(1~~.‬‬ ‫~~‪111.~ ~1.115~ ~10111.5 ~(111 0~ /1131111(1111~0 11)(~0 10 ~11/11111(11~ 0( (~01.1‬‬ ‫‪~~(1(1111‬‬
‫~~‪11.(1(/110111~5 (1110 111.~ 01.11~1.11 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪~(111 0~ ~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 ~3(~111‬‬
‫‪111.~ 1~~~1 01 0~ 111~1.11‬‬
‫‪~0113~~.‬‬ ‫‪51.1~11.311 3((311~~/11~111‬‬ ‫(‪(15 511.0~11111 ~18. 8-37 15 /(110~11 35 (1 1,/0,/0/)1€ 0~ 1/11/‬‬
‫‪/111,/€,(€,.‬‬ ‫(~‪111.15 (1(((1118~/11~111 (~~1.11(~5 311 (100111011(11 ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪51(18~~ (1110 1111 15 (1‬‬
‫‪~11.0~~~(,‬‬ ‫(~~‪111.~ ~0‬‬ ‫(‪~(1111101 0~ 1~0 03~/‬‬ ‫‪10 111.~ 0~ 501.1(~~.‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪0,,,‬‬
‫‪().‬‬

‫‪~8~(8~~8 (1~ ..,0~1898‬‬

‫~‪..1~0..‬‬ ‫‪8-37‬‬ ‫~‪~ 3.1301‬‬ ‫‪0~ 110/( 10.,,~.1~..‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪111.~ 0~1~(/11111(111011‬‬ ‫~‪01 ~01138‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~1.1((~111 (31111~5‬‬ ‫(~~‪01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫(~‪111 111~~(1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~1(~1.1115 0~~~1105‬‬ ‫‪011111.~ 1)1~~5 01111~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪10(10,‬‬ ‫~‪(1110 /11~111.005 01 ~01138‬‬ ‫‪3110/~1.1((~111‬‬
‫‪~0111(01.‬‬ ‫‪111.~ 0~51811‬‬ ‫‪(~~1.11(~5‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫‪0~(1~1118‬‬ ‫‪111.~ ~)(~(~5510115‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪111.~ 11151(1111(111~01.15‬‬
‫)‪10(10 ~1.1((~111, (1110 (2‬‬ ‫‪~10111118 111.~ ~1.1((~111 ~(1~~10(/115‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪~(1~11. 0~~1‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~0/11~0-‬‬
‫‪11~111.‬‬ ‫~~‪011‬‬ ‫‪111.~ ~1.1((~111 ~(1~~10(/11‬‬ ‫‪15 /(110~11,‬‬
‫~‪111.~ 1~~11.111~1.1~5 10( ~(11~1.11(111118111.‬‬
‫(~~‪((1111185 01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~0/11/111.11(111011 ~0/11~011~1115 (1(~ 51/11113( 10 111.(111115~~110115‬‬
‫‪3-4‬‬ ‫‪(1110 7-8.‬‬ ‫~~‪111.~ ~~(111.1(111011 01 ~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪((1111185 (~().1.11(~5 ~513011511.1118 111.~ (~~~(5‬‬
‫‪~01138~5‬‬ ‫‪01 ~3~11. 0~~1~~.‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪(~01.1‬‬ ‫‪111.~ 01.11~1.11 11.3(/110111~5,‬‬ ‫‪01.11~1.11 1111~(5 (1(~ 11~~~55(1()1.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~1.1‬‬ ‫‪8-38‬‬
‫‪511.0~5‬‬ ‫‪111.~ ~0/11/110111)11.15~0‬‬ ‫‪01.11~1.111111~(5.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫(~‪~-1111‬‬ ‫~(~~ ‪15‬‬ ‫‪51/11~1~,‬‬ ‫‪01.11 11 0((1~5‬‬

‫‪276‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~‪1110(~ (~(1~11‬‬ ‫‪110~~(.‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬ ‫‪1.,~-11111~0‬‬ ‫‪1111~( (15 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-380‬‬ ‫~‪~(111 ~11111111(11~ 0111~ 011‬‬
‫‪1(~().11~11~~.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪11(011~(1‬‬ ‫‪0~51~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪~1.,‬‬ ‫~‪1111~( (15 111 ~1‬‬ ‫~‪8-38‬‬ ‫~(‪15 1110‬‬ ‫~~‪~11~~11‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬
‫~‪(~011~111‬‬ ‫~‪11(1(1110111~5 01 ~10‬‬ ‫‪0(1110~10111‬‬ ‫‪(1110 0((1~5‬‬ ‫~~‪1~55 (~(1~11‬‬ ‫‪110~~(.‬‬

‫~‪~)(301()1‬‬ ‫‪8-14‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪5111~1~-.,1135~ (11)(1113(~-~011111111131~0 11111-/)(10~~ 111~~(1~( 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-313‬‬ ‫‪511.,.,11~5 3‬‬
‫‪1030018.‬‬ ‫‪= 100,‬‬ ‫‪1.- = 31.5 011-1,3110~ = 112 /1-~. 10~ 0~ 111.,111‬‬
‫= ‪~0113~~15 ~.‬‬
‫‪220 ~ 3110 10~ 111~~(1~( 1(~().11~11~~ 1510 = 60 1-12.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪111(11-0111101~ 0110~(1510(5,‬‬ ‫((‪(0‬‬
‫~‪= 25 /1-5. 10‬‬ ‫‪0111.,111 .,,0113~~ 035 1~0 1101~0~5 511~111031 101(0 3110 11110 03(010111~5‬‬
‫‪3(~ ~110111131~0.‬‬ ‫(‪))~1~(01111~ 111~ (3) ~)(.,(~55101110‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1030 ~11((~111, 10(() ~ (/)) 0.,111111101‬‬
‫(‪.,,3111~5 01 ~001111111311011~3.,3~110‬‬ ‫~‪~,,, 3110111011~10( 1.-,,, 10 111111111112‬‬
‫)~( ‪10~ ~11~(~~~ 3110‬‬
‫(‪.,~3/‬‬ ‫‪~11((~1115 0110~(1510(5‬‬ ‫~‪11 3110 0100‬‬ ‫‪/)1.‬‬

‫‪801011011‬‬ ‫‪10~ 0111.,111.,,0113~~ ~3.,,~10(11115 500~11111 ~1~. 8-18.‬‬ ‫‪~5 = 220 ~,10‬‬ ‫‪= 60‬‬
‫‪1-12, 8. = 100,‬‬ ‫)‪1.- = 31.51111-1, 3110 ~ = 112 /1-~. 1.,~1 (4 = (0(( = 25 /1-5(1100‬‬ ‫‪2,,.‬‬
‫=‬
‫()‬
‫‪60 = 377 (30/5.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪10~ 111011~11.,,~(~3~1311~~ 10( 10~ 1110 03(1110111~ .,,0113~~ 15‬‬

‫~()‬
‫‪= 1211,,.‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪60‬‬
‫()‪)( 31.5‬‬

‫‪~3.,3~111.,,~ (~3~1311~~ 10( 10~ 1110 03(1110111~ .,,0113~~ 15‬‬

‫‪10-3‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪111.8711 0‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1111.,~0311~~ 10( 10~ 1110 03(1110111~ .,,0113~~ 15‬‬

‫‪1/2‬‬
‫_‬
‫‪2~ = (102 + (11.8711‬‬ ‫)‪2~6) 2‬‬

‫(~~‪3110 10~ .,0‬‬ ‫‪13~10( 311~1~ 10( 111~ 1110 03(1110111~ .,,0113~~ 15‬‬

‫_‬ ‫‪-1 11.8711- 23.6/11_-‬‬ ‫‪-1 1.1 8711 _ 2.346‬‬

‫(‬ ‫)‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~)(‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1311‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪1311‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(3) ~().11311011(8-37) ~1.,,~510~ ~0~111~1~111501 3 ~011(1~( 5~(1~5,‬‬

‫‪4 ~5 1 - 2 ~05 110.1 +‬‬ ‫‪2 ~05‬‬ ‫‪110.2‬‬

‫‪..4~,,.=-‬‬
‫‪11‬‬

‫‪~0( 0.1 = 23.62031100.2‬‬ ‫‪= 33.30, 10~ 101(0 311011110 03(1110111~5 ~01110 /)~ 3/)5~111.‬‬ ‫‪~(0111‬‬
‫)‪~().. (8-36‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111513111311~01150111.,01 .,,0113~~ ~311 /)~ ~)(.,(~55~0 35‬‬

‫)((‪1)0‬‬
‫)(‪)( 377() + 85.1 5111(9 )( 377‬‬
‫‪= 235.1 5111377( + 69.4 5111(7‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫‪58~. 8-13‬‬ ‫‪277‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~~‪01~10111~ 10.~ 0111~111 ~0113‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 10.~ 1030 1111~~0311~~ 3110 ~011510~1111~ 10.~ 3~~10~1131‬‬
‫‪0~13~ 011~ 10 10.~ ~0~~1‬‬ ‫‪13~101 311~1~5 ~1~~ 10.~ 1030 ~1111~111 35‬‬

‫)‪(,(/‬‬ ‫)‪= 15.195111 (377( + 49.740‬‬ ‫)‪+ 0.865111 (7 )( 377( - 82.850‬‬

‫(‪)( 377‬‬ ‫)‪+ 0.665111 (11 )( 377( - 85.550‬‬ ‫‪+ . . .‬‬
‫‪+ 1.095111 (9‬‬ ‫)‪- 84.520‬‬
‫= ‪(0) ~~~1~~1111~ 10.~ 0.311110111~5,10.~ ~~3/( 1030 ~1111~111,1,~ = 1/.‬‬ ‫‪15.19~.‬‬
‫‪~~11360115 (3-30) 3110 (3-31) ~1~~ 10.~ 0~611111111‬‬‫‪~3111~501 ~,~ 3110 ~,,,.‬‬

‫‪0. 398()10‬‬ ‫()‪0.398‬‬ ‫‪25 )( 10-6‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫=‪~,,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪1,,‬‬ ‫‪15.19‬‬

‫‪_ 0.8917(),, _ 0.8917 )( 25‬‬ ‫()‬

‫‪10-6‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪15.19‬‬
‫‪~,,, -‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~10111 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪(8-77),‬‬

‫‪~0 =~,‬‬ ‫~‪+ 1,,‬‬ ‫‪= 220 + 15.19‬‬

‫=~)‬
‫‪501~111~101 ~,,, 3110 ~,,, ~1~105 ~,,, = 0.52 ~~, ~,,, = 431.7 ~1-1, 3110 ~0 = 662.6~.‬‬
‫‪(~) 10.~ ~~3/( 10.~115101~1111~111,1,, = 15.19~,‬‬ ‫‪3110 10.~ ~~3/( 1~50113111~1111~111,‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~,,,‬‬ ‫‪0.52‬‬
‫‪1~~ = ~0‬‬ ‫‪-~,,, = 662.6‬‬ ‫~ ‪-431.7 = 22.77‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫‪~10111 ~1~. 8-310‬‬ ‫(‪10.~ ~~3/‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪~1111~111 011~ 10 1~50113111 05~111311011 15‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬
‫‪10.011~0. 10.~5~ 1~0‬‬
‫‪0100~,‬‬
‫)‪/‬‬

‫(‪10.~ ~~3/‬‬
‫‪~1111~111, 113111~1~, 15.19‬‬
‫‪1 ~111‬‬ ‫~‪~311‬‬
‫~~‪1‬‬ ‫‪= 22.77‬‬
‫~‪0010.10.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫~~‪111011~6‬‬
‫‪15.19 = 7.58~.‬‬
‫‪1030‬‬

‫~~‪~0111~011~1115 ~01110 0~1~1111111~ 10.~ 11115 3110 3~~13‬‬

‫~‪0100‬‬
‫‪~1111~111‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬

‫‪~1111~11111110.15 ~)(3111~1~ 50.01110 0~ 10.~ 53111~ 35 10.31 0110.~115101‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪1~50113111‬‬ ‫‪~1111~111.‬‬

‫~‪~1111~1115 0110.‬‬
‫‪~1-‬‬

‫~))(‪~)(301‬‬ ‫‪8-15‬‬

‫~‪111 ~)(301~1‬‬ ‫‪8-14,‬‬ ‫‪311 0111~111 ~-1111~1 15 115~0 10 ~110111131~ 5~~~1110. 3110 0.1~0.~1-010~1‬‬
‫‪0.311110111~5.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~101111‬‬ ‫‪10.~ ~3111~ 011111~1 ~3~3~1101,‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬

‫‪80)11(1011 (00 = 270/ = 270 )( 60 = 377 130/5.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 1110. 3110 0.1~0.~1-010~1 0.31010111~5‬‬
‫~‪~01110 0~ 1~011~~0 51~11111~31111~1110.~ 1111~1 1111~~0311~~ 15 11111~0.501311~110.311 10.31 0110.‬‬
‫‪1030,‬‬ ‫‪31103‬‬ ‫‪1360‬‬ ‫‪011~10‬‬ ‫‪15 110101311~ 30~~1131~,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪2~ = 10%‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~0.~1~ 10.~ 1111~11111~~0311~~15 %~ = 1/(37711~~) 3110 10.~ 1030 1111~~0311~~15‬‬

‫‪_ 2~.6)1/2‬‬
‫‪2~ = (102 + (11.8711‬‬

‫‪10.~ ~3111~011111~1 ~3~3~11311~~ ~~ ~311 0~ 1011110110111‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬
‫_‬
‫(‬
‫‪102 +‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪11.8711‬‬
‫‪23.6‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫))‬ ‫~‬
‫_~‪= 37711‬‬

‫‪~01 10.~ 5~~~1110.0.31010111~,11 = 7 3110 ~_ = 47.3 ~~.‬‬

‫‪278‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1001.1~10(5‬‬ ‫(‪(1(~ 1.15~0 10 10)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪~0(0(01.11(11100‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.1115 (100‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪(~500(101‬‬ ‫‪05~111(11100‬‬
‫‪10 (~500(101‬‬ ‫‪10~~(1~(5.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(~500(101‬‬ ‫‪1(~().1.1~0~)1‬‬ ‫‪15 1.151.1(111)1~~()1‬‬ ‫‪~~()1‬‬ ‫‪01~0.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫~‪(0(1~0~11‬‬ ‫‪1055 15 0~~~00~01‬‬ ‫~‪00 10~ 1(~().1.1~0~)1 (100 10~5‬‬ ‫‪1001.1~10(5‬‬ ‫‪5001.110 0~ 0~51~0~0‬‬
‫‪~110‬‬ ‫~‪(0(1~0~11‬‬ ‫‪~0(~5‬‬ ‫‪01 ~~()1‬‬ ‫‪01~0‬‬ ‫‪~~((0~(101111)1‬‬ ‫~~‪10 (~01.1‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1055~5.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪01.11~1.11 0110~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 00((0(111)11501(11~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0(0‬‬ ‫‪10~ 10(10 0)1 (10 01.11~1.111((10510((0~(.‬‬
‫(~‪10~ 10~~(1‬‬ ‫‪01.11~1.11~011(1~~ 00((0(111)1 ~001(110 0(1((0001~5‬‬ ‫(~‪(100 10~ 1((10510((0‬‬ ‫‪1055~5‬‬
‫‪(1(~ 10~(~(15~0.‬‬ ‫‪~ 1((10510((0~(,‬‬ ‫‪~01~015‬‬ ‫‪0~51~0~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 0~~((11‬‬ ‫‪(11 ~1.1(~1)1 5101.15010(11‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~011(1~~5,‬‬ ‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 51.101~~1~0‬‬ ‫(~‪10 01~0‬‬ ‫‪1055~5‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪11 5001.110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0~((11~0‬‬ ‫‪~0~0‬‬ ‫‪11 15‬‬
‫~‪0~10‬‬ ‫‪0~~((11~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0(0‬‬ ‫‪10~ 01.11~1.11 ~011(1~~5‬‬ ‫‪0110~~(1~(5.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪01.11~1.11 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪5001.110‬‬
‫~~‪0(1‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫~‪0~ ~0(0~00~01‬‬ ‫‪010~(~15~,‬‬ ‫~(‪10~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪(0(1)1 0~ 5(111.1((11~0.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(‪10~~(1~(5 ~(10 ~(0~10~ 510~1~-~0(15~ (100 10(~~-~0(15~ (1~ ~011(1~~5 1(0(0 (1 11)(~0 0‬‬
‫~~‪~(1(1(101~ 0~ ~011(1~~. 10~(~ (1(~ ~(1(101.15~011(1~~ ~001(011~~001().1.1~5 (100 10~)1 ~(001.1‬‬
‫‪(1((10~~ 010(1((0001~5 00 10~ 01.11~1.11‬‬‫‪~011(1~~. 10~ 5101.15010(11~1.115~-~1010 (0001.11(11100‬‬
‫)~~~‪(5‬‬ ‫(~‪15 (00(~ ~11~~11~~ 10 (~01.1~10~ 10~ 10~~(-0(0‬‬ ‫‪0(1((0001~5.‬‬ ‫(~~‪~110 (1 ~(0‬‬
‫~‪~001~~ 0110‬‬ ‫(~~‪5~11~010~ ~(111~(05 10( ~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5, ~~(1(110 0(1((0001~5‬‬ ‫‪~(10 0~ ~11(0-‬‬
‫‪10(11~0 .‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(~500(101‬‬ ‫‪10~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 00((0(111)11.15~0‬‬ ‫‪10 01~0-1(~().1.1~0~)1‬‬ ‫‪(1~~11~(111005‬‬ ‫‪(~-‬‬
‫‪().1.11(10~ 11)(~0 01.11~1.11 ~011(1~~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(0(1)(1(01.1(0‬‬ ‫‪(~500(1011(~().1.1~0~)115‬‬ ‫‪11(011~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)110‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪11.1(0-01111(0‬‬
‫(~~‪10~ ~0‬‬
‫‪10~~(1~(5‬‬
‫‪0110)1(1510(5‬‬
‫‪1((1051510(5‬‬
‫‪(1(~ 11(011~0‬‬
‫(‪(0‬‬
‫‪(100 0105,‬‬
‫‪1((1051510(5).‬‬

‫‪10 01~0 ~0~~(.‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬
‫~‪1)1.1~ 1010‬‬
‫‪(1~~11~(111005‬‬
‫‪0~~~10~(0~01011(151-5~11~0-‬‬
‫‪0110(~~0-~0(0(01.11(11~0‬‬ ‫(‪10)1(1510‬‬

‫‪1. .8. 0.‬‬ ‫‪.8~010(0,‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~.‬‬ ‫~‪(3. 1-1011, ,,,//1(//1/‬‬ ‫‪0/ //11/~,(~,‬‬ ‫‪0,(/1/(5.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫~~(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪10011 ~11~)1‬‬
‫‪8.. 50118, 111~., 1964.‬‬
‫‪2. 1-1. 5. ~(11~1, (1110 ~. (3. 1-1011, ..(3~11~((111~~0 1~~0111~11~8 01 0(1(1110111~ ~11111111(111011‬‬ ‫‪(1110.,,011-‬‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫‪(18~ ~0111(0111110)1(/810( ~011.,,~(1~(.,,‬‬ ‫‪/ ~~~ 7,(//15(/((/0/15 0/1 //10-/15((/ ~/1/1//((/(/0/15.‬‬ ‫‪01. 1~9,‬‬
‫‪~0. 3, 1973, ~~. 310-317 (1110 ,01. 1~-10, ~0. 5, 1974, ~~. 666-673.‬‬
‫~~~ ‪3. 1. 00111501 (11101-1. 0~11811, ..~ 110.,,~1‬‬ ‫~‪1~~0111~11~ 10( 10(~~-~0(18‬‬ ‫‪111.,,~(1~(/~011.,,~(1~(.,,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪//1(~,/1(/(/0/1(//‬‬ ‫‪,,0~~,‬‬ ‫‪~/~((,0/1/(5‬‬ ‫‪~0/1/~,~/1(~,‬‬ ‫‪1983, ~~. 384-395.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪4. ~.‬‬ ‫‪~. 5~01~~01,‬‬ ‫‪..~0.,,~110~01081~5‬‬ ‫‪(111~(11(16.,,~8 10 10~ 0~81811 01 (1 0(1(1110111~-1(~~ (111/11)1/‬‬
‫‪0~ 1111~(1(1~~.,,‬‬ ‫‪,,0~~,‬‬ ‫(‪~/~((,0/1/‬‬ ‫(‪5/1~(/(///5‬‬ ‫‪~0/1/~,~/1(~,‬‬ ‫‪1983,‬‬ ‫‪~~. 206-216.‬‬
‫‪5. ~. ~. 5~0~(1(~,‬‬ ‫(~~‪..~11 1111~(0.,,~0 111~1000 01 (~8011(1111 ~11((~111 ~1.118~ 11100111(16011 10( ~0‬‬
‫‪~011.,,~(1~(8.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪/‬‬ ‫‪7,(//15(/((/0/15‬‬ ‫‪0/1 //10-/15(,/(// ~/~((,0/1/(5‬‬ ‫‪(//10- ~0/1(,0/‬‬ ‫‪//15(,/1/11~/1((/(/0/1,‬‬
‫‪,01. 1~023,‬‬ ‫‪~0. 2, 1976, ~~. 133-141.‬‬
‫‪6. 1. ,111118,~. 5~0~~1~~(,‬‬ ‫(‪(11101. 1,. 51~111~(, ..~~.,,~(8~ ~011011~611810)1(1810(810‬‬ ‫(~~‪0180 ~0‬‬
‫~~~‪8~(1~8 (~8011(1111 ~1(~11118.,, /‬‬ ‫‪//10-/15(,)1 ~/1/1//((/(/0/15‬‬ ‫~(‪50(/~()1 ~0/1/~,~/1‬‬ ‫‪~~(0,0-,‬‬ ‫‪1985,‬‬
‫‪~~. 715-722.‬‬

‫‪279‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪7.‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪01~(111,‬‬ ‫‪..0~81~11‬‬ ‫‪~011810~~(1110118‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~~~)1111~111~~~11~11~)1‬‬ ‫~‪~~8011(111111100‬‬ ‫~‪0~/0‬‬ ‫‪~011-‬‬
‫‪~~~1~~8.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪/‬‬ ‫‪//1~/4.5(,)1./1/1/1/1~0(10/15‬‬ ‫‪50~/~1)1‬‬ ‫~~‪~0/1/~,~/1‬‬ ‫‪~~~0,~,‬‬ ‫‪1986,‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫‪640-647.‬‬
‫~‪..‬‬ ‫‪~~11~~(111~~0‬‬ ‫~‪(1~~~0(1~1110‬‬ ‫‪111~ 81~(10)1‬‬ ‫‪81(11~ (111(11)1818‬‬
‫‪8.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪1(.‬‬ ‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪811(11 (1110 5.‬‬ ‫‪8.‬‬ ‫‪0~~(111,‬‬
‫‪01 ~~8011(1111111~~~1~~5.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪/‬‬ ‫‪//1(//4.5(,)1‬‬ ‫‪./1/1/1/1((1(10/15‬‬ ‫‪50(1~1)1‬‬ ‫~(‪~0/1/~,~/1‬‬ ‫‪~~(0,(/,‬‬ ‫‪1986,‬‬

‫‪~~. 664-671.‬‬
‫‪9.‬‬ ‫‪~. 0. 210~(18,‬‬ ‫‪1. ~(111~(111(1111(111,‬‬
‫‪(1110‬‬ ‫‪~. 51~1(1110~1~, ..~ 1011~-().11(10~(1111~11~~~111~~~-‬‬
‫~~~‪111(11~0 ~011~~~1~~ ~1111 (1 111~111~~().11~11~)11111~.,, /‬‬ ‫‪1,0/150~(/0/15‬‬ ‫‪0/1 //1~~(,)1‬‬ ‫‪./1/1/1/1-‬‬
‫‪~0(10/15,‬‬ ‫‪01. 1~18,‬‬ ‫‪~0.‬‬ ‫‪5, 1982,‬‬ ‫‪~~. 499-505.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪8-1.‬‬ ‫‪~11(1118‬‬ ‫‪(111 111~~~1~~7‬‬

‫‪8-2.‬‬ ‫‪~11(1118‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~011~1~1‬‬ ‫‪01 0~~~(111011‬‬ ‫‪01 (111 111~~~1~~7‬‬

‫‪8-3.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11‬‬ ‫‪(1~~ 111~ 1)1~~8‬‬ ‫‪01111~~~1~~87‬‬

‫‪8-4.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11‬‬ ‫‪(1~~ 111~ 0111~~~11~~8‬‬ ‫‪/)~1~~~11‬‬ ‫~~‪11(111-/)~10‬‬ ‫~~‪(1110 11111-/)~10‬‬ ‫‪111~~~1~~87‬‬

‫‪8-5.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11‬‬ ‫~~‪(1~~ 111~ ~~~10~111(111‬‬ ‫‪~(1~(1111~1~~8‬‬ ‫‪01111~~~1~~87‬‬

‫‪8-6.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11‬‬ ‫‪(1~~ 111~ ~11~~08~8‬‬ ‫~~‪011~~0/)(1‬‬ ‫‪0100~8‬‬ ‫‪111 111~~~1~~87‬‬

‫‪8-7.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11‬‬ ‫~‪(1~~ 111~ (1~~(111~111~1118 10~ 0/)1(1111111~ 111~~~-~11(18‬‬ ‫‪0111~111 ~011(1~~87‬‬

‫‪8-8.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11‬‬ ‫‪(1~~ 111~ 111~111008‬‬ ‫~~‪10~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪~0111~01‬‬ ‫‪~1111111 111~ 111~~~1~~87‬‬

‫‪8-9.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11‬‬ ‫‪(1~~ 111~ (10~(1111(1~~8‬‬ ‫‪(1110 018(10~(1111(1~~8‬‬ ‫~‪01 018~1(1~~111~111-(111~1‬‬ ‫‪~0111~017‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪8-10.‬‬

‫‪8-11.‬‬

‫‪8-12.‬‬

‫‪8-13.‬‬

‫‪8-14.‬‬
‫‪~11(11‬‬

‫‪~11(11‬‬

‫‪~11(1118‬‬

‫‪~11(11‬‬

‫‪~11(1118‬‬
‫‪(1~~ 111~ 1~~11111~11~8‬‬

‫‪(1~~ 111~ ~11~~18‬‬

‫~‪111~ ~~111~1~1‬‬

‫‪18 111~ 0~(10‬‬

‫‪111~ ~11~~1‬‬
‫~‪~011‬‬
‫‪018~~1~8‬‬

‫~‪01111)1~1810‬‬
‫‪10~ 11(1~1110111~ ~~011~1101187‬‬

‫~~‪01 ~11111111(11111~ 10~~~-0~0‬‬

‫‪~~8011(1111111~~~1~~87‬‬

‫‪01 (1 ~~8011(1111 111~~~1~~7‬‬

‫~~‪111~11-011 6111~ 011 111~~~1‬‬

‫‪11(1~1110111~87‬‬

‫‪1~~~11~11~)17‬‬

‫‪8-15.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11‬‬ ‫‪(1~~ 111~ (10~(1111(1~~8‬‬ ‫‪(1110 018(10~(1111(1~~8‬‬ ‫‪01 ~~8011(1111‬‬ ‫‪111~~~1~~8‬‬ ‫‪~1111 /)101~~~6011(11‬‬
‫‪8~11~11~8‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8-16.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11‬‬ ‫‪(1~~ 111~ (10~(1111(1~~8‬‬ ‫‪(1110 018(10~(1111(1~~8‬‬ ‫‪01 ~~8011(1111111~~~1~~8‬‬ ‫‪~11111111101~~~11011(11‬‬
‫‪8~11~11~8‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬

‫‪8-17.‬‬ ‫‪~11(1118‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11~~~88(1~)1‬‬ ‫‪~011016011‬‬ ‫‪10~ 8~~1~8‬‬ ‫‪~~8011(1111 08~111(1110117‬‬

‫‪8-18.‬‬ ‫‪~11(1118‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~11~~08‬‬ ‫‪01 ~011~1~0‬‬ ‫‪111011~10~8‬‬ ‫~~‪111 11(111-/)~10‬‬ ‫‪~~8011(1111111~~~1~~87‬‬

‫‪8-19.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11‬‬ ‫‪(1~~ 111~ (10~(1111(1~~8‬‬ ‫~‪01 ~~~~~8~-~011011~611‬‬ ‫‪111)1~1810~8 111 ~~8011(1111111~~~1~~87‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪8-20.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11‬‬ ‫‪(1~~ 111~ (10~(1111(1~~8‬‬ ‫‪(1110 015(10~(1111(1~~8‬‬ ‫‪011~(11181810~1~~0‬‬ ‫‪111~~~1~~8‬‬ ‫‪~0111~(1~~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪111)1~1810~ 111~~~1~~8 7‬‬

‫‪8-21.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11‬‬ ‫~‪18 0~~~1(1‬‬ ‫‪~0111~01‬‬ ‫‪01 ~~8011(1111111~~~1~~87‬‬

‫‪8-22.‬‬ ‫‪~11(1118‬‬ ‫~‪110110~~~1(1‬‬ ‫‪~0111~01‬‬ ‫‪01111~~~1~~87‬‬

‫‪8-23.‬‬ ‫‪~11(1118‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~~111~1~1‬‬ ‫‪01 (111)(111(1~)1 ~0111111111(11~0‬‬ ‫‪111~~~1~~87‬‬

‫‪8-24.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11‬‬ ‫~‪18 111~ ~~111~1~1‬‬ ‫‪01 ~0111~11111~111(1~)1 ~0111111111(11~0‬‬ ‫‪111~~~1~~87‬‬

‫‪8-25.‬‬ ‫~‪~11(1118111‬‬ ‫~‪~11~~08‬‬ ‫~~‪011~~0/)(1‬‬ ‫‪1~(111810~111~~ 111~0111~1~111~111(1~)1 ~0111111111(11~0111~~~1~~87‬‬

‫‪8-26.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11‬‬ ‫‪(1~~ 111~ (10~(1111(1~~8‬‬ ‫‪(1110 018(10~(1111(1~~8‬‬ ‫~~~‪01 ~11~~~111-8011‬‬ ‫‪111~~~1~~87‬‬

‫‪8-27.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11‬‬ ‫‪(1~~ 111~ 111(11110111~~~11~~8‬‬ ‫‪/)~1~~~11‬‬ ‫~~~‪~011(1~~-8011‬‬ ‫~~~‪(1110 ~11~~~111-8011‬‬ ‫‪111~~~1~~8 7‬‬

‫‪280‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪8-28. ~0.31‬‬ ‫‪3~~ 10.~ 111311130,,.31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 01530,,.31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪01 ,,.3~1301~ 0~ 1111/(111,,.~~1~~57‬‬
‫‪8-29. ~0.31‬‬ ‫‪3~~ 10.~ ~~350115 10~ 300111~ 3 1111~~ 011 10.~ 111,,.~~1~~01.11~1.117‬‬
‫‪8-30. ~0.31‬‬ ‫‪3~~ 10.~ 0111~~~11~~5 0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪3~ 3110 0~ 611~~57‬‬

‫‪8-1.‬‬ ‫‪~ 5111~1~-~0.35~ 0.311-0~10~~ 111,,.~~1~~ 111~1~. 8-130.35‬‬ ‫‪3 ~~51511,,.~ 1030 01 ~ = 1003110‬‬
‫~‪10.~ 0~ 111~1.11,,.0113~~ 15 11$ = 220 ~. 0~1~~111111~ 10.~ (3) ~1115 01.11~1.11,,.0113~~ 31 10.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪111~(~) 01.11~1.11~0~~~, ~0~ (~) 3,,.~~3~~, ~1115, 3110 ~~3/( ~1.1~~~1115‬‬
‫‪11.11103111~111311~~().1.1~11~~,‬‬
‫~‪01 ~3~0.1~31151510~~ ((() ~~3/( 011-5131~ ,,.0113~~ 01 ~3~0.1~31151510~, 118~ (~) 10131113~1110111‬‬
‫‪01510~11011, 1110 ~ (1) 01510~11011 13~10~, 0~~ 3110 (~) 113~1110111~13~10~ 3110 01510~11011‬‬
‫~~‪13~10~ 01111~ 10~~51-0~0‬‬ ‫‪0.3~1110111~.‬‬
‫‪8-2.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~~00.‬‬ ‫~‪8-110‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 11.111-0~10~~ 111,,.~~1~~111~1~. 8-23.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪8-3.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11.111-0~10~~ 111,,.~~1~~ 111 ~1~. 8-23‬‬ ‫‪1135 311 ~1-~ 1030 ~1111 ~ = 5 0, 1- = 10 1111-1,‬‬
‫~ ‪3110‬‬ ‫‪= 26 ~~. 111~ 111,,.~~1~~ 1~~().1.1~11~~,10 = 400 1-12, 3110 111~ 0~ 111~1.11,,.0113~~,‬‬
‫‪11$ = 220~.‬‬ ‫~(‪(3) ~)(~~~55 111~ 111513111311~01.151030 ~1.1~~~1111113 ~01.1~1~~ 5~~1~5. ~31~1.113‬‬
‫~‪(11~ (~) ~11151030 ~1.1~~~11(3( (11~ 11.11103111~111311~~().1.1~11~~,/1~ (~) 113~1110111~13~(0~ 01111‬‬
‫‪1030 ~1.1~~~11(,1-1~~ ((() 3,,.~~3~~ 51.1~~1~ ~1.1~~~11(/$~ 3110 (~) 3,,.~~3~~, ~1115,3110 ~~3/( ~1.1~~~11(5‬‬
‫‪01 ~3~11 (~311515(0~.‬‬
‫(‪8-4. ~~~~3‬‬ ‫‪~~00. 8-3 10~ 10 = 60 1-12, ~ = 40,‬‬ ‫‪1- = 251111-1, 3110 ~ = 10 ~~.‬‬
‫‪8-5.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~~00.‬‬ ‫~ ‪8-3 10~ 10 = 60 1-12,‬‬ ‫‪= 5 0,‬‬ ‫‪3110 1- = 20 1111-1.‬‬
‫‪8-6.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (11~~~-~1135~ 11.111-0~10~~ 111,,.~~1~~ 111 ~1~. 8-53 0.35 3 ~~~-~01111~~(~0‬‬ ‫‪~~515(1,,.~ 1030‬‬
‫= ‪01 ~ = 5 0. 111~ 111,,.~~1~~1~~().1.1~11~~1510 = 400 1-12 3110 (0.~ 0~ 111~1.1(,,.01(3~~ 15 11$‬‬
‫~~‪220 ~. ~)(~~~55 (0.~ 111513111311~01.15~0.35~ ,,.0113~~5 3110 ~0.35~ ~1.1~~~11(5 111 3 ~01.1~1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪8-7.‬‬
‫‪8-8.‬‬
‫‪8-9.‬‬
‫‪8-10.‬‬
‫‪5~~1~5 .‬‬
‫(‪~~~~3‬‬
‫(‪~~~~3‬‬
‫‪~~~~31‬‬
‫‪~~00.‬‬
‫‪~~00.‬‬
‫‪~~00.‬‬
‫‪8-6 10~ (11~ 1111~-(0-1111~ ,,.01(3~~5‬‬
‫‪8-6 10~ 3 0~1(3-~01111~~1~0‬‬
‫‪8-7 10~ 3 0~1(3-~01111~~(~0‬‬
‫‪111~ (11~~~-~1135~ 11.111-0~10~~ 111,,.~~(~~ 111~1~. 8-53‬‬
‫‪1030.‬‬
‫‪1030.‬‬
‫‪3110 1111~~1.1~~~11(5.‬‬

‫‪1135 3 ~~~-~01111~~1~0 1030 3110 ~3~11‬‬

‫~~‪~1135~ ~011515(5 01 ~ = 5 0, 1- = 10 1111-1,3110 ~ = 25 ~~. 111~ 111,,.~~(~~1~~().1.1~11‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪10 = 601-12 3110 (11~ 0~ 111~1.1(,,.01(3~~, 11$ = 220 ~. 0~1~~111111~ (11~ ~1115, 3,,.~~3~~, 3110‬‬
‫‪~~3/( ~1.1~~~11(501 (11~ 1~311515(0~5.‬‬
‫‪8-11.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 01.1(~1.1(,,.0113~~ 01 3 5111~1~-~1135~ 11.111-0~10~~ 111,,.~~(~~ 15 ~011(~011~0 0~ ~1.115~-~10(11‬‬
‫(‪111001.11311011~1(11 011~ ~1.115~~~~ 0.311-~~~1~. 0~(~~111111~ 111~ ~~().1.11~~0~1.115~~10(11 50 (113‬‬
‫‪(11~ 11.11103111~11131~0111~011~11( 15 70% 01 0~ 111~1.1(,,.01(3~~.‬‬

‫‪8-12.‬‬ ‫‪~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 11.111-0~10~~ 111,,.~~(~~ 1.15~53 1.111110~111‬‬

‫~~~‬ ‫‪~1(11 (~0‬‬ ‫~‪~1.115~5~~~ 11311-~~~1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~~‪10~ ,,.01(3‬‬ ‫‪~011(~01. ~10( 111~ 015(0~(1011 13~10~, 11.11103111~11(31~0111~011~11(, 3110 10~~~-‬‬
‫‪0~0~~ 113~1110111~53~31115( 111001.113110111110~)(.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪8-13.‬‬ ‫‪~ 5111~1~-~1135~ 11.111-0~10~~ 111,,.~~(~~, ~111~11 1.15~5 3 1.111110~111‬‬

‫~~~‬ ‫~~~ ‪~1(11 (~0 ~1.115~5‬‬
‫‪11311-~~~1~, 1135 3 1030 01 ~ = 50,1-‬‬ ‫‪= 151111-1, 3110 ~ = 25 ~~.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 0~ 111~1.1(,,.01(3‬‬
‫‪15 11, = 220 ~.‬‬ ‫‪~)(~~~55‬‬ ‫= ‪(11~ 1115(311(311~01.151030 ~1.1~~~11(1,,(1) 1113 ~01.1~1~~ 5~~1~5 1.1‬‬
‫‪0.8,10 = 60 1-12.‬‬
‫‪8-14.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪5111~1~-~1135‬‬ ‫~~‪11.111-0~10‬‬ ‫~~(~~‪111,,.‬‬ ‫~~~ ‪1.15~5 3 1.111110~111‬‬ ‫‪~1(11‬‬ ‫‪5~,,.~(1‬‬ ‫~~~ ‪~1.115~5‬‬ ‫‪11311-‬‬
‫~‪~~~1‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪,,.0113‬‬ ‫‪~0(1(~01.‬‬ ‫(‪~10‬‬ ‫‪(11~ 015(0~(10(1‬‬ ‫‪13~(0~,‬‬ ‫‪11.11103111~(1(31‬‬ ‫‪~0111~0(1~(1(,‬‬ ‫‪3(10‬‬
‫~~‪10~~~-0~0‬‬ ‫‪113~1110(11~5‬‬ ‫(‪3~31115‬‬ ‫‪(11~ 111001.113(1011‬‬ ‫‪1110~)(.‬‬

‫‪281‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪8-15.‬‬ ‫~~~‪~ 5111~1~-~0.35~ 11111-0~10~~ 111~~~1~~ 115~5 311 5‬‬ ‫~‪~110. 5~~~11 ~1115~5 ~~~ 0.311-~~~1~ 10‬‬
‫‪~0113~~ ~0111~01. ~10110.~ 01510~11011 13~10~, 1111103111~11131~0111~011~111, 3110 10~~1-010~1‬‬
‫‪0.311110111~5 3~311151 10.~ 11100111311011 1110~)(.‬‬
‫‪8-16.‬‬ ‫‪1(~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~~00.‬‬ ‫‪8-15‬‬ ‫~~~‪101111~ 11100111~0 5‬‬ ‫‪~11111~0‬‬ ‫‪~1115~5 ~~~ ~11311~1-~~~1~.‬‬
‫‪8.17.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~~~‪5111~1~-~0.35~ 11111-0110~~ 111~~11~1 115~5 3 11111101111‬‬ ‫‪~110. 11~~ ~1115~5 ~~1 0.311-‬‬
‫~~‪~~~1~. 1)~1~1111111~ 10.~ ~1115~ ~1010. 1110.~ 11115 0111~111 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪15 80%‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~111‬‬
‫‪~0113~~.‬‬
‫‪8-18.‬‬ ‫‪~ 5111~1~-~0.35~ 11111-0110~~ 111~~11~1115~5 015~13~~111~111-311~1~ ~011110110‬‬ ‫‪~31~ 10.~ 0111~111‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪~0113~~ 3110 0.35 011~ ~1115~ ~~1 0.311-~~~1~, 35 50.0~11111 ~1~. 8-16~. 1)~1~1111111~ 10.~ 0~13‬‬
‫‪(01 015~13~~111~111) 311~1~ 1110.~ 1111103111~11131~0111~011~111 01 0111~111 ~0113~~ 15 70% 01‬‬
‫‪0~ 111~111~0113~~.‬‬
‫‪8-19.‬‬ ‫~‪~ 5111~1~-~0.35~ 11111-0110~~ 111~~11~1115~5 11111111~1~1101~0~5 3110 1115 ~~~1111~0 10 ~1111111131‬‬
‫‪10110, 11110, 5~~~1110., 3110 ~1~~~1110. 0.311110111~5 110111 10.~ 0111~111 ~3~~101111.‬‬ ‫~‪1)~1~1111111‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪10.~ 11111110~1011101~0.~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~1~ 311~1~5.‬‬
‫‪8-20.‬‬ ‫‪1(~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~~00.‬‬ ‫‪8-19‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1111111131~10.110, 11110., 5~~~1110., 3110 1111110.0.311110111~5.‬‬
‫‪8-21.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 0351~ 5~11~5 1~50113111111~~11~~ 111~1~. 8-213‬‬ ‫‪0.35 ~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫‪= ~ = 25 ~~1, ~ = 2‬‬
‫‪~~,‬‬ ‫~ ‪3110‬‬ ‫= ‪= 5 0. 10.~ 0~ 111~111~0113~~, ~, = 220 ~ 3110 10.~ 0111~11111~~11~11~~, /,,‬‬
‫‪6.5 /(1-(2. 10.~ 111111-01111111~0110.~1151015, (0(( = 15 ~5. 1)~1~~111111~ 10.~ (3) 3~,111301~ (01‬‬
‫(‪~~1111155101~ 1~~~11~11~~, 1003~~ (~) ~~3/(-10-~~3/‬‬
‫‪~11~1111) 111111-01111111~, (~~ (11) (113)(111111111‬‬
‫‪~3~3~110~ ~0113~~, ~~~~ 3110‬‬ ‫)‪(().‬‬ ‫(‪~~3/‬‬ ‫‪)030‬‬ ‫‪~1111~111, 1,,. (~) 5/(~1~0. 10.~ 111513111311~0115‬‬
‫~‪1030 ~1111~111 /0 (()~ ~3~3~1101 ~0113~~ 1),.(()~ 3110 0~ 511~~1~ ~11~1~1111,.(0. ~31~11131~ 10‬‬
‫‪(1) 111151030 ~1111~111, 10~ (~) 0111~111 ~0~~1,‬‬ ‫)‪110~ (11) 3~~13~~ 511~~1~ ~1111~111, 1,~ 3110 (1‬‬
‫‪3~~13~~,‬‬ ‫‪~~3/(,‬‬ ‫~‪3110 ~1115~11~~~11150110.‬‬ ‫‪10~1151015.‬‬
‫‪8-22.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪0311-0~10‬‬ ‫‪~~50113111 111~~11~1 111 ~1~. 8-23 115~5 110110~~113~~111~ ~()1111()1. 10~ 111-‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪8-23.‬‬
‫~~‪~~11~111~~11~11‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪15~) = 8.5/(1-(2.‬‬ ‫‪11 ~1 = ~2 = ~ = 2 ~~, ~1 = ~2 = ~ = 40 ~1-(,‬‬

‫(‪= 2 0, 3110 ~5 = 220 ~. 1)~1~1111111~ 10~ (3) ~~3/‬‬

‫‪10~115101 ~1111~111, 1/1~ 3110 (~) 1111510~~1510~ ~11~1~111, 1,,.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫= ‪1~50113111 111~~~1~~ 111 ~1~. 8-273 035 ~ = 2 ~~, ~ = 30 ~1-(, ~ = 0, 3110 ~,‬‬
‫‪220 ~. 10~ 111111-01111111~ 0110~115101,‬‬
‫~~‪511~~1~ ~11~1~111~ (11) 3~~13‬‬

‫‪(0(( = 12 ~5. 10~ 0111~111 11~~11~11~~. /,, = 15‬‬

‫)~( ~ ‪/(1-(2. 1)~1~1111111~ (3) ~~3/( 511~~1~ ~11~1~111, 1~, ~ (11) 3~~13~~ 10~115101 ~1111~111, 1/1‬‬
‫(‪11115 10.~115101 ~1111~111, 1,,~ (().) ~~3/(-10-~~3/‬‬ ‫‪~3~3~110~ ~0113~~. ~,~ (~) (113)(111111111‬‬
‫‪~~1-‬‬
‫~~‪111155101~0111~11111~~11~11~~, 1003~~3110 (1) 3~~13‬‬ ‫‪511~~1~ ~11~~~111, 1,.‬‬
‫‪8-24.‬‬ ‫~~‪10.~ 0311-0110‬‬ ‫‪1~50113111111~~11~~ 111~1~. 8-283‬‬ ‫‪15 0~~131~0‬‬ ‫)~‪3111~~11~11~~,‬‬ ‫‪= 3.5 /(1-(2‬‬
‫~‪11110‬‬ ‫~‪110110~~113‬‬ ‫‪11100~.‬‬ ‫‪11 ~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫‪= ~ = 2 ~~, ~1 = ~2 = ~ = 20 ~1-(. ~ = 1.5‬‬
‫‪0,‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~5 = 220~,‬‬ ‫‪0~1~1111111~ 10~ (3) ~~3/( 511~~1~ ~111~~111, 1~5~ (11) 3~~13~~ 10~115101‬‬
‫~~‪~1111~111, 1/1~ (~) 11115 10~~1510~ ~1111~111, 1,,~ (().) 11115 1030 ~1111~111, 10~ 3110 (~) 3~~13‬‬
‫‪511~~1~ ~11~~~111, 15.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪8-25.‬‬ ‫‪1(~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~~00.‬‬ ‫‪8-24‬‬ ‫~‪~110. 311 0~~113~~111‬‬ ‫~‪~0111101 50 1031 10~ 111111~ 01 11 3110 12 31‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪30~311~~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 50%‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪1~5011311111~~11~11~~.‬‬

‫‪8-26.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪11111-0110~~ ~~50113111111~~11~1 111~1~. 8-293‬‬ ‫‪15 0~~131~0‬‬ ‫)~‪31 3 11~~11~11~~ 011‬‬ ‫‪= 3.5‬‬
‫‪/(1-(2.11~ = 2 ~~, ~ = 20 ~1-(, ~ = 1.50,‬‬ ‫~‪3110~, = 220~, 0~1~1111111‬‬
‫(‪10~ (3) ~~3/‬‬
‫)‪511~~1~ ~1111~111, 15~ (11) 3~~13~~ 10~115101 ~1111~111, 1/1~ (~) ~111510~115101 ~1111~111, 1,, ~ (().‬‬
‫‪~11151030 ~1111~111, /0~ 3110 (~) 3~~13~~ 511~~1~ ~1111~111, 15.‬‬
‫‪8-27.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪5111~1~-~035~ 11111-0110~~ 311)(11131~-~011111111131~0111~~11~1111 ~1~. 8-313‬‬ ‫‪035 3 1030 01‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪= 5 0,‬‬ ‫~‪~ = 10 1111-(, 3110 ~ = 25 ~~. 10~ 111~1110~ ~0113~~ 15 ~, = 220 ~ 3110 10.‬‬
‫~~‪111~~~1‬‬ ‫~~‪1~~~11~11‬‬ ‫)~‪15‬‬ ‫‪= 60 1-(2. 1~ = 18 ~5. 1)~1~~111111~ 10~ 0~1111111111~3111~5 01‬‬
‫‪~0111111111311011 ~0111~011~1115‬‬ ‫‪~,,,‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪~,,,.‬‬

‫‪282‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪8-28.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪8-27‬‬ ‫(‪11111~ ~~3/‬‬ ‫‪(~50113111 ~11((~111 01111~ ~0111111111311011~1(~111115 1111111~0‬‬
‫(‪10 1~0 11111~5111~ ~~3/‬‬ ‫‪1030 ~11((~111.‬‬
‫‪8-29.‬‬ ‫‪~ 511181~-~1135~ 11111-0(108~ 111~~(1~( 111 ~18. 8-323, ~111~11 115~5 ~0111~1~111~1113(~ ~0111-‬‬
‫‪111111311011,1135 1.1 = 1.2 = 1.,,, = 40 ~1-1 3110 ~,,, = 60 ~~. 111~ ~~3/( 1030 ~11((~111 15‬‬
‫‪/,,, = 200 ~. 111~ 0~ 111~111~01138~, ~5 = 220 ~ 3110 111~ 111~~(1~( 1(~().11~11~~, 10 = 60‬‬
‫~‪1-12. 111~ ~01138‬‬ ‫‪0(0~ 01111~ ~1(~1111 10(111~0 0~ 111~(1510( 12 3110 0100~ /)2 15, 3~~(0)(-‬‬
‫‪111131~1~, ~,, = 2~.‬‬ ‫‪))~1~(111111~ 111~ (3) ~1(~1111111(11-01111111~, (~~ (/)) (113)(111111111‬‬
‫~‪3~311301‬‬
‫‪(()) 011(311011 01 ~0111-‬‬
‫~‪111(11-01111111~, (~(,,...~) 11 /,,, = 0~ (~) ~~3/( ~11((~111 01111~(1510(5‬‬
‫‪111111311011~(0~~55, (~ = (1,,, + (2,,,~ 3110 (~) ~11~(8~ 1(3~~~0 111111011~10( 1.2 31111~ ~110 01‬‬
‫‪11100~ 1.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪8-30.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111~~(1~( 111 ~(00.‬‬ ‫(‪8-29 1135 3 1~~003~/‬‬ ‫~‪1(311510(111~( 35 5110~11 111 ~18. 8-33. 111‬‬
‫‪111(115(3110 01111~ 1~~003~/( ~11101118515 /+.///+./2 = (1 = 0.1. ))~1~(111111~ 111~ (3) 011(311011‬‬
‫‪01 ~0111111111311011~(0~~55, (~ = (1,,, + (2,,, ~ (/)) ~11~(8~ 1(3~~~0 111111011~10( 1.2 31 111~ ~110‬‬
‫~‪0111100‬‬ ‫(‪1 ~ 3110 (~) ~~3/‬‬ ‫‪111~(1510( ~11((~111.‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪8-31.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪8-3011‬‬ ‫‪= 1.0.‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪8-32.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪8-3011‬‬ ‫‪= 0.01.‬‬
‫‪8-33.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪511181~-~1135‬‬ ‫‪(11)(1113(~-~011111111131~0‬‬ ‫~‪11111-0(108‬‬ ‫(~‪111~~(1‬‬ ‫‪111 ~18.‬‬ ‫‪8-313‬‬ ‫‪511~~11~5‬‬ ‫‪3 1030‬‬
‫‪018.‬‬ ‫‪= 5 0, 1. = 15 1111-1,3110 ~ = 30 ~~. 111~ 0~ 111~111~01138~ 15 ~5 = 220 ~ 3110‬‬
‫‪01111~(1510(5 15 (011= 20 ~5.‬‬
‫~‪111~ 111~~(1~( 1(~().11~11~~ 151,, = 400 1-12. 111~ 111(11-01111111‬‬
‫‪111~ 0111~111 ~01138~ 1135 1~0 1101~11~5 511~11111311111(0 3110 111111113(1110111~53(~ ~1111111131~0.‬‬
‫‪))~1~(111111~ 111~ (3) ~)(~(~551011 10( 111~ 111513111311~01151030 ~11((~111, /0(()~ (/)) 0~1111111111‬‬
‫~‪~3111~5 01 ~0111111111311011~3~3~110( ~,,, 3110 111011~10( 1.,,, 10 111111111112‬‬
‫)~( ‪111~ ~11~(8~~ 3110‬‬
‫‪3~~(38~,‬‬ ‫‪(1115, 3110 ~~3/( ~11((~1115 01111~(1510( 11 3110 0100~ /)1.‬‬
‫‪8-34.‬‬ ‫‪11/11 ~(00.‬‬ ‫‪8-33,‬‬ ‫~‪3 11111~0 1.~ 1111~( 15 115~0 10 ~1111111131~111~ 5~~~11111113(1110111~ 1(0111 111‬‬
‫‪0111~111 ~01138~,‬‬ ‫‪0~1~(111111~ 111~ 51111301~ ~3111~5 011111~( ~0111~011~1115.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪8-35.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 511181~-~1135~ (11)(1113(~-~011111111131~0 11111-0(108~ 111~~(1~( 111 ~18. 8-313 511~~11~5 3‬‬
‫‪1030018.‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 20, 1. = 251111-1, 3110 ~ = 40 ~~. 111~ 0~ 111~111~01138~ 15 ~, = 220‬‬
‫‪3110 111~ 111~~(1~( 1(~().11~11~~, 1,) = 60 1-12. 111~ 111(11-01111111~ 01111~(1510(5, (011 = 15 ~5.‬‬
‫‪111~ 0111~111 ~01138~ 1135 111(~~ 1101~11~5 511~1111131111~ 1111(0, 111111,3110 5~~~11111113(1110111~5‬‬
‫(‪3(~ ~1111111131~0. ))~1~(111111~ 111~ (3) ~)(~(~55101110‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 111513111311~01151030 ~11((~111, /0(0‬‬
‫‪3110 (/)) ~3111~5 01 ~0111111111311011~3~3~110( ~,,, 3110 111011~10( 1.,,, 11111~ ~~3/( (~50113111‬‬
‫(‪~11((~11115 1111111~010 2.5 11111~5111~ ~~3/‬‬ ‫‪1030 ~11((~111.‬‬
‫‪8-36.‬‬ ‫‪11/11 ~(00.‬‬ ‫(~‪8-35, 311 0111~111 ~-1111~( 15 115~0 10 ~1111111131~111111113110 111811~(-0(0‬‬ ‫‪113(-‬‬
‫‪1110111~5, 0~1~(111111~ 111~ ~3111~ 011111~( ~3~3~110(,‬‬ ‫‪~_.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪283‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪9‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪5~~~11~5, ~111~11 3(~ ~5~0 ~)(1~051~~1~ 10 100~51(131 3~~11~311005,‬‬
‫~‪(~()~1(~0 10 (0~~1 311 0( (0051 01111~ 10110~10~ 5~~~111~311005‬‬

‫‪150131100 0~1~~~0 111~ 50~(~~ 300 1030‬‬

‫‪1-11~11~0~~( 0~11511~ 10( (~0~~1100 01 512~ 300 ~~1~111‬‬
‫~‪~0111(011~0 01(~~1100 01 ~0~~( 110‬‬
‫‪3(~ 011~0‬‬

‫‪4.‬‬ ‫~~‪1-11~11~011~~(5100 ~111~1~11‬‬

‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪10~~1 300 0~1~~1 ~3~~10((05‬‬ ‫~‪~1111 310~ 10131113((0001‬‬ ‫‪01510(1100 10( 5(0311‬‬
‫‪1111~(5‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪6. ~001(011~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫~~(~‪13~10( 11111~ 50‬‬ ‫~~‪15 30 3~ ~0113‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪111~ 510~1~-513~~ 3~-0~ 0( 3~-3~ 0( 0~-0~ 0( 0~-3~ ~00~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪015~~55~0 10‬‬

‫‪~113~1~(5 4, 6, 7, 300 8, (~5~~~11~~1~, 00 001 (0~~1 (0051 01111~5~ 5~~~111~311005, 300‬‬
‫‪(0~111513~~ ~011~~(51005 (1(~ 00((0(111~ (~()~1(~0.‬‬ ‫‪111~(~ 3(~ ~3(10~5 ~055101~ ~011-‬‬
‫~‪~~(5100 10~010~1~5, 0~~~0010‬‬ ‫‪00 111~ ~~((0155101~ ~0(0~1~)(11~ 300 111~ 0~51~0 (~-‬‬
‫‪()~1(~(0~015.‬‬ ‫‪001~ 111~ 0351~ 10~010~1~5 3(~ 015~~55~0 10 11115~113~1~(.‬‬ ‫~‪0~~~0010‬‬
‫‪011 111~ 1~~~ 01 0~1~~1‬‬ ‫(~~‪~011(1~~5, 111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪5~~~11~5 ~30 0~ ~(11~~0(12~0‬‬ ‫‪1010 1~0‬‬
‫~ ‪1~~~5‬‬
‫~‪1. 0‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪5~~~11~5‬‬
‫~~ ‪2.‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪5~~~11~5‬‬

‫‪284‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪111~ (1~-0~ ~00~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫‪10 ~11(1~1~( 4 ~(10 ~(0~10~ 111~ 1801(11100 /)~1~~~0 111~ 10~1.11‬‬
‫‪(100 01.11~1.11111(01.1~11‬‬
‫‪(1010~1.111((10810((0~(,‬‬ ‫~‪/)1.11111~11(1((0001~ ~001~018 (1(~ 111~11. 111‬‬
‫‪8~11~11~0-(000~ (~~1.11(110(810 5~~1100 7-6 00 001 ~(0~10~ 111~ 0~~~88(1(~ 1801(11100 (100‬‬
‫(~~‪111~ 01.11~1.11~0‬‬ ‫‪18 10~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0(0(000‬‬ ‫‪~((1~11~~ 18 10 1.18~1~0-81(1~~ ~00~~(81008,‬‬
‫‪0~-(1~ (100 (1~-0~.‬‬ ‫‪10 ~(18~ 01 (1~ 10~1.11, 11 18 111(~~-81(1~~ ~00~~(81008,‬‬ ‫‪(1~-0~, 0~-‬‬
‫‪(1~, (100 (1~-0~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1801(11100 18 ~(0~10~0 /)~ (10 101~(81(1~~ 1((10810((0~(.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~-‬‬
‫‪(1~ ~00~~(8100‬‬ ‫~~~ ~)‪~(10 /)~ (1~~0(0~11811~0 /‬‬ ‫‪0( (~800(101 08~111(11100. 13(18~0 00‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪111~ 1~~~ 01 ~00~~(8100‬‬ ‫(~~‪1~~1101()1.1~8(100 111~ 01(~~1100 01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪~001(01,‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ 0~ ~0‬‬
‫~‪81.1~~11~8 ~(10 /)~ 81.1/)01~10~0 1010 111(~~ 1~~~8‬‬
‫~‪1. 5~11~11~0-(000‬‬ ‫‪~0~~( 81.1~~11~8‬‬
‫‪2. ~~800(101 ~0~~( 81.1~~11~8‬‬
‫‪3. 13101(~~1100(11 ~0~~( 81.1~~11~8‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~(~‪111‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 101.1( ~0(0(000‬‬ ‫‪~0011~1.1((111008‬‬ ‫~‪~1111111‬‬ ‫~‪8~11~11~0-(000‬‬ ‫~~~ (‪0‬‬ ‫‪0~~((11100‬‬
‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫(~‪10~~(1‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫~‪0~-(1‬‬ ‫)(~‪~00~~(1‬‬ ‫‪81(1~~~ 11~/)(1~~,‬‬ ‫‪~1.1811-~1.111, 11(111-/)(10~~,‬‬ ‫‪(100 11.111-‬‬
‫‪/)(10~~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪01.11~1.11 01111‬‬ ‫‪10~~(1~(,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 18 ~(1(1~0‬‬ ‫~)‪/‬‬ ‫~~~ ‪(1‬‬ ‫‪1~~1101()1.1~,‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪~00~~(1~0‬‬ ‫~~‪10 (1 0~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪/)~ (1 0100‬‬ ‫‪(~~1111~(.‬‬ ‫~~‪510‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ 10~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪~(10 0~~((11‬‬ ‫‪(11‬‬
‫~(~~ ‪(1‬‬ ‫‪111~111(~()1.1~0~~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ (1~~1~8‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 0~ 01.11~1.11 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪~(10 /)~ 1111~(~0‬‬ ‫‪01.11 ~1111‬‬
‫‪8(0(1111111~(8.‬‬
‫~~‪111~ ~1(~1.111 10~010‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫(‪111~ //)10(1~/‬‬ ‫(~‪~00~~(1‬‬ ‫‪18 8110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪9-1(1.‬‬ ‫‪~11~0‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫(‪1((1081810‬‬ ‫‪(21 18 11.1(0~0 00,‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 81.1~~1~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(1~~~(1(8‬‬ ‫(~‪(1~(088 111~ 1((10810((0‬‬ ‫~(‪~(1(0(1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫~‪(100 (1 ~0((~8~00010‬‬
‫~‪01 0~~0811‬‬
‫(~‪10((0‬‬

‫‪1115‬‬
‫‪50%,‬‬
‫‪(1~1100.‬‬
‫~‪~01(1(11‬‬

‫~~‪18 111~ (1~~((1‬‬

‫~‪111~ ~~(1‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬

‫(‪1((1081810‬‬
‫~~‪~011(1‬‬
‫‪18 1001.1~~0‬‬
‫‪(0101(01.1(0‬‬

‫‪10~1.11 ~1.1((~01‬‬
‫‪181001.1~~010‬‬

‫‪~1.1((~0118‬‬
‫‪0~~0-~1(~1.111‬‬
‫‪111~ 8~~000(1(~.‬‬
‫~(‪10 111~ ~(1(0(1‬‬

‫~‪~1111 0~~11~1/)1‬‬
‫‪1,, = 1//( = 215.‬‬
‫~(‪/)~ 111~ 8~~000(1‬‬
‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬

‫~‪(1~~1‬‬
‫‪~11~0‬‬

‫‪(100‬‬
‫‪(2118011,‬‬

‫(‪1((1081810‬‬ ‫‪18 ~00‬‬

‫~‪111~ 01.11~ ~~~1‬‬

‫~‪111~ 10~1.11 ~1.1((~0118 ~1.118(1110‬‬
‫~~‪(1 ~011(1‬‬

‫‪01.1~ 10 111~ 1((108-‬‬

‫‪= 2~5.‬‬
‫(‪18 /‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪(100 018~001101.101.18.‬‬ ‫~‪~111101.11 0100‬‬ ‫‪1)2, (1 0~ ~1.1((~01110~8‬‬ ‫‪111(01.1~11111~ 1((10510((0~(.‬‬
‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪(2118 011, 0100‬‬ ‫(‪1)2 (100 ~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫~‪~1 (~8~1111‬‬ ‫(~‪1((10810((0‬‬ ‫‪~0(~.‬‬ ‫‪~1 018~11(1(~~8‬‬
‫‪111(01.1~11 ~1,‬‬ ‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫‪1)218‬‬ ‫‪011 (100‬‬ ‫~~(~‪(10 ~0‬‬ ‫~(~~~ ‪18 1081 10‬‬ ‫‪~~~1~.‬‬ ‫‪11118 ~1(~1.111 18‬‬
‫~(~~‬ ‫~‪81(0~1‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪18 (~81(1~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪(1~~11~(111008‬‬ ‫~‪/)~10‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪11118 18 (1 10(~(1(0‬‬
‫(~‪~00~~(1‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪11 (~()1.11(~8‬‬ ‫~~‪(1 ~011(1‬‬ ‫~~‪~001(011~~0/)(1‬‬ ‫‪100~.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(~‪1((10810((0‬‬ ‫~(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~(10 (1180 /)~ (~8~1‬‬ ‫‪/)~ 11(1~10~ (1 (~8~1‬‬ ‫~‪~10010‬‬ ‫‪(18 8110~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪9-1/),‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫~~(~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫~~(‪810‬‬ ‫(~‪10 111~ 1((10810((0‬‬ ‫~(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪18 (~11.1(0~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 111‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪81.1~~1~ (100‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~111~1~0‬‬ ‫‪18 10~(~(18~0.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪0~~0-~1(~1.111‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫(‪1((1081810‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪10 ~1~. 9-1/) 18‬‬

‫)‪(9-1‬‬

‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪1-/,, (100‬‬ ‫(~)‪1-/. (1(~ 111~ 01.1(0/‬‬ ‫‪01 11.1(08 00‬‬ ‫~(‪111~ ~(1(0(1‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪(~8~1‬‬ ‫‪~10010~8,‬‬
‫‪(~8~~~11~~1~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~8~111.1(08‬‬ ‫‪((1110 18 (~1(11~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 111~ 01.11~ ~~~1‬‬ ‫‪(18‬‬

‫(‪1 - /‬‬
‫‪--‬‬ ‫)‪(9-2‬‬
‫(‪/‬‬

‫‪58~. 9-2‬‬ ‫‪285‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪0~-3‬‬
‫‪5/398‬‬ ‫~‪3~-0‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪).‬‬ ‫‪5/398‬‬ ‫‪0,‬‬
‫‪~~~~.‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪02‬‬

‫‪~,‬‬
‫‪0,‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪).‬‬
‫‪(.,‬‬
‫‪//‬‬ ‫~‪..1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫~‪~+‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪(3) ~(~03~~ ~0,,1/8~8‬‬ ‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫~~‪~(~03‬‬ ‫~‪~0,,1/8~8‬‬ ‫‪.,.,,~01‬‬
‫‪~858/‬‬ ‫‪.,.,,~,,0~,,9‬‬

‫~‪0~-3‬‬ ‫~‪3~-0‬‬ ‫‪0,‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫~‪0~-3‬‬

‫‪0,‬‬
‫~‪0~-3‬‬

‫·‬
‫‪0,‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪~~~.‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪1~.‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪02‬‬
‫‪1 ~,‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪286‬‬
 ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪(01)1‬‬ ‫~‪~)1~1‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫(‪/‬‬
‫‪= 0.8,‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪1-/,,/1-/_ = 0.8/0.2‬‬ ‫~~‪= 4 3110 111~ 0~~11-~1(~011 ~0113‬‬
‫‪0~~0(11~5‬‬ ‫‪1100‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪115(1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪4‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪5115.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪0~~11-~1(~011‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫(‪1(31151510‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪(110~11 111~11~( 11131 111~ 50~~1)1‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~0511-~011‬‬ ‫‪~01111~0(311011‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪9-1~.‬‬ ‫‪~11~11‬‬ ‫‪(21 15 10(11~0‬‬ ‫‪011,‬‬
‫‪11., 3~~~3(5‬‬ ‫‪3~(055‬‬ ‫~‪011~-11311 01111‬‬ ‫‪~(1(113()1.‬‬ ‫‪~11~11‬‬ ‫‪(22 15 10(11~0‬‬ ‫‪011, 11., 15 3~~11~0‬‬
‫‪3~(055‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0111~( 11311 01111‬‬ ‫‪1(311510((11~(.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪01 3 ~(1(113()1‬‬ ‫‪~1110111~ 5~111~5‬‬
‫‪1(0(11‬‬ ‫~~‪- 11, 10 115. 111~ 3~~(3‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111‬‬ ‫‪111(00~11‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ 1(311510((11‬‬ ‫‪5110010‬‬ ‫‪10~(11)1‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪2~(0.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 3~~(3‬‬ ‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~ 15‬‬

‫)‪(9-3‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1(31151510(5‬‬ ‫~‪(21 3110 (22 0~~(31‬‬ ‫‪~1111 3 50%‬‬ ‫‪(01)1 ~)1~1~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~~11-~1(~011 ~0113~~,‬‬
‫(‪1100 = 2115, 111~ 3~~(3~~ ~0((~111 01 3 1(31151510(, /,.,, = //2, 3110 111~ ~~3/( 1(31151510‬‬
‫‪~0((~111, /,, = /,.‬‬ ‫‪5111~~ 111~ 0~~11-~1(~011 1(31151510( ~0113~~ 15 1~1~~ 111~ 50~~1)1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~0113~~, 11115~01111~0(311011 15 5011301~ 10( 10~-~0113~~ 3~~11~3110115.‬‬
‫‪111~ 11311-0(10~~ ~1(~01115 5110~11 111~1~. 9-10.‬‬ ‫‪~11~11 (21 15011, 11/2 3~~~3(5‬‬
‫‪3~(055 111~ 1(311510((11~( ~(1(113()1. ~11~11 (2215011, 3 (~~~(5~ ~0113~~ 0111/2 3~~~3(5‬‬
‫‪3~(055 111~ 1(311510((11~( ~(1(113()1. 111~ ~(1(113()1 ~0113~~ 5~111~5 1(0(11 - 11/2 10 11,/2.‬‬
‫‪111~ 0~~11-~1(~011 1(31151510( ~0113~~ 15 1100 = 115 3110 111~ ~~3/( 1(31151510( ~0((~111 15‬‬
‫‪/,, = 2/,. 111~ 3~~(3~~ 1(31151510( ~0((~11115 /,.,, = /5. 111111~11-~0113~~ 3~~11~3110115,‬‬
‫~‪111~ 11311-0(10~~ ~1(~011 15 ~(~1~(301‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ ~0511-~011 ~1(~011.‬‬ ‫‪~11~(~35‬‬ ‫‪10( 10~-‬‬
‫~‪~0113~~ 3~~11~3110115, 111~ ~0511-~011 ~1(~011 15 ~(~1~(301‬‬ ‫‪00~ 10 10~ 1(31151510( ~0(-‬‬
‫‪(~1115. 111~ 3~~(3~~ 001~01 ~0113~~ 15‬‬
‫_‬ ‫‪1-/5‬‬
‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪5 17‬‬
‫‪0 .0.-5‬‬ ‫)‪(9-4‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪10(11~0‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪1011-0(10‬‬
‫‪011, 115 3~~~3(5‬‬
‫‪15 (~~~(5~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪110=.-2-‬‬

‫‪3((311~~(11~111‬‬
‫‪111~ ~(1(113()1.‬‬
‫‪- 115.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪1-/,,‬‬
‫=‪.-1=0111‬‬

‫‪15 5110~11‬‬
‫‪~11~11‬‬
‫~~‪3~~(3‬‬
‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬
‫~(‪(23 3110 (24 3‬‬
‫‪001~01‬‬
‫‪9-1~.‬‬

‫~~‪~0113‬‬
‫‪~11~11‬‬
‫‪10(11~0‬‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫‪(21 3110‬‬ ‫~(‪(22 3‬‬
‫‪011, 111~ ~(1(113()1‬‬

‫‪1-/5‬‬
‫= ‪110 = 112‬‬ ‫‪111 = 0111‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪0115‬‬ ‫)‪(9-5‬‬
‫‪1-/,,‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪0~~11-~1(~011‬‬ ‫(‪1(31151510‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪15 1100‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫(‪115 3110 111~ ~~3/‬‬ ‫(‪1(31151510‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪/,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪/5.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 3~~(3‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111‬‬ ‫(‪01 3 1(31151510‬‬ ‫‪15 0(11)1 /,.,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪/,/2.‬‬ ‫‪01 311111~~01111~-‬‬
‫‪0(3110115, 11115~1(~011 0~~(31~5 ~1111 111~ (111111(110(11‬‬
‫~‪~0113~~ 3110 ~0((~111 51(~55 01111‬‬
‫‪1(31151510(5, 3110 1115 ~~()1 ~0~013( 10( 111~11-~0~~( 3~~11~3110115 300~~ 750 ~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪~,.301()1‬‬ ‫‪9-1‬‬

‫~~‪111~ 3,,,~(3‬‬ ‫‪(0( 0~) 01.11~1.11,,,0113~~ 01111~ ~1.1811-~1.111‬‬‫~ ‪~1(~1.111111~1~. 9-1~ 18110 = 24‬‬
‫‪31 3 (~81811,,,~ 1030 01 ~ = 0.8 11. 111~ 011-8131~ ,,,0113~~ 0(0~8 011(31181810(8 3110 0100~8‬‬
‫‪3(~ 11, = 1.2 ~ 3110 114 = 0. 7 ~, (~8~~~11,,,~1~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11.1(118(3110 01111~ 1(311810(111~( 18‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪= /./5//./,, = 0.25.‬‬ ‫‪))~1~(111111~111~(3) 3,,,~(3~~ 111~1.11‬‬ ‫~‪~1.1((~111,/5~ (0) ~111~1~11~~,11‬‬
‫(‪(~) 3,,,~(3~~ 1(31181810( ~1.1((~111, /,,., ~ (0) ~~3/( 1(31181810( ~1.1((~111, /,,~ (~) (1118 1(31181810‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111, /~~ 3110 (1) 0~~11-~1(~1.111 1(31181810( ,,,0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪1100.‬‬ ‫‪~~~1~~1‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 1088~8 111 111‬‬
‫‪1(311810(111~(, 3110 111~ (1~~1~ ~1.1((~111 01111~ 1030 3110 111~1.1181.1~~1~ 18 11~~11~101~.‬‬

‫‪5€~.‬‬ ‫‪9-2‬‬ ‫‪287‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪80)01100‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪= 1-/)1-/,,= 0.25 1100/0 = ~)8. = 24/0.8 = 30.4...‬‬
‫‪(11)111~ 0111~01 ~0~~(, ~0 = ~0/0 = 24 )( 30‬‬
‫‪= 720~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5~~00011(~ .,,01111~~,‬‬
‫‪~2 = ~0 + ~0 = 24 + 0.5 = 24.5~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(1(011(~ .,,0)111~~,~1 = ~2/(1 = 24.5/0.25‬‬
‫‪= 98~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10~111.,,011118~,~5 = ~1 + ~/ = 98 + 1.2, 11110111~111~111~0~~1,‬‬
‫‪~, = ~5/, = 1.2/,.‬‬ ‫‪+ 1.2/,.‬‬ ‫‪+ ~,//0 + ~0‬‬
‫‪5110511111110~ /,.‬‬ ‫‪= /)2‬‬ ‫‪~1.,,~5‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪/,(99.2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1.2) = 0.5‬‬ ‫‪30 + 720‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪735‬‬
‫= ‪1,‬‬ ‫‪7.44.4..‬‬
‫= ‪98.0‬‬
‫‪(0)~, = ~5/, = 100 )( 7.44 = 744~.‬‬ ‫‪111~~111~1~0~~,11 = 720/744 = 96.7%.‬‬
‫‪(~) /,. = //2 = 7.44/2 = 3.72.4...‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(0)/,, = /5 = 7.44.4...‬‬
‫~ = ‪(~) /~ = --/1( /,,‬‬ ‫‪)( 7.44‬‬
‫()‬ ‫‪= 10.52.4...‬‬
‫‪(1) ~00 = 2~5 = 2‬‬ ‫‪100 = 200 ~.‬‬

‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫~‪.,,(111111100 01111‬‬ ‫‪0~ 01.11~1.11 .,,01111~~ 15 001‬‬ ‫‪~10~,‬‬ ‫‪1~5001101‬‬ ‫‪~1.115~ 10.,,~11~15‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪1.15~0.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪10.,,~11~1‬‬ ‫‪11~().1.1~0~)1,‬‬ ‫~‪~111~11 ~01.110 0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 51110~ (15 111~ 1~500(101‬‬ ‫‪11~-‬‬
‫‪().1.1~0~)1, 15 .,,~1)1111~11,‬‬ ‫‪1100 111~ 10.,,~11~1‬‬ ‫~~‪01.11~1.11 .,,011(1‬‬ ‫‪15 11110051 5101.15010111.‬‬ ‫~‪01.1‬‬
‫‪10 1~5001101‬‬ ‫‪05~111111100,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11(10510110~1‬‬ ‫~‪~01‬‬ ‫‪15 (11~11)15 1~5~1‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪111~1~ 111~ 00‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪51111.11(11100 ~1001~105.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 11(111-0110‬‬ ‫~~‪(10011.111-0110‬‬ ‫‪~0011~1.111111005‬‬ ‫‪01111~ 1~500(101‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪10.,,~11~15‬‬
‫‪1~01.1~~0‬‬

‫~))(‪~,.3(0‬‬
‫‪(11~ 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪01.1~ 10 111~1110.,,~11~1‬‬

‫‪9-2‬‬
‫‪9-2.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 512~5 01111‬‬
‫‪11~().1.1~0~)1.‬‬
‫‪11110510110~1‬‬ ‫~‪1100 01.11~1.111111~1 (11‬‬

‫‪111~ 11.,,~(11~~ 011(~11( .,,01(11~~ 01111~ 111111-0(10~~ ~1(~111( 10 ~1~. 9-211 15 ~0 = 24 ~ 11( 11‬‬
‫‪(~51511.,,~ 10110 018.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10.,,~((~( 0~~(11(~5 11( (11~ (~50011011(~~11~0~~.‬‬
‫‪= 0.8 0..‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪288‬‬
 ‫‪~1(~1111 ~(1((1111~1~(5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ ~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~2 = ~ = 1 ~~, ~ = 20 ~1-( (11101(. = 0. 111~0~ 111~111‬‬
‫~(‪(1‬‬
‫‪~011(1~~ 15 ~,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪100~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪011-51(11~ ~011(1~~ 0(0~5 011((11151510(5 (1110 0100~5‬‬
‫‪(/‬‬ ‫‪0.25.‬‬ ‫~‪1)~1~(111111‬‬‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪11~~11~101~. 111~ 111(115((160 01111~ 1((111510(111~( 15‬‬ ‫=‪= 1-15/1-1,,‬‬
‫(‪((1) (1~~((1~~ 111~111~11((~111, /,~ (0) (1~~((1~~ 1((11151510( ~11((~111, //1 ~ (~) ~~(1)( 1((11151510‬‬
‫‪~11((~111, /,,~ (0) (11151((11151510( ~11((~111, /~~ (1110 (~) 0~~11-~1(~11111((11151510( ~011(1~~, ~00.‬‬
‫‪~~~1~~1 111~ 1055~5 111 111~ 1((111510(111~(, (1110 111~ ~11~~1 01 111~ 10(10 011 111~ (~5011(1111‬‬
‫‪1(~(),11~11~)115 11~~11~101~.‬‬

‫‪50111~100 111~ (~5011(1111‬‬ ‫~‪0.), = 106/‬‬

‫‪1(~(),11~11~)1‬‬ ‫= ‪= 158,113.8 ((10/5 0( 1,‬‬
‫= ‪25,164.61-(2, (/ = 1-1/1-1,,= 0.25, (1110/0‬‬ ‫‪~0/1(.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪24/0.8‬‬ ‫‪= 30 ~.‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪((1) 111~ 0111~111~0~~(, 130 = ~0/0 = 24‬‬ ‫‪30 = 720~.‬‬ ‫~‪~(01116(),. (2-59), 111‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(1115 5~~0110(1()1 ~011(1~~, ~2 = 10~ )(2‬‬ ‫)‪0‬‬ ‫‪= 1.1107~0‬‬ ‫‪= 26.66~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (1~~((1~~ 111~111‬‬
‫‪~11((~111, /5‬‬ ‫‪= 720/100 = 7.2 ~.‬‬
‫‪(0) 111~ (1~~((1~~ 1((11151510( ~11((~111, //1 = /5 = 7.2~.‬‬
‫(‪(~) ~0‬‬ ‫~‪(1 5111115010(11~1115~ 01 ~11((~111 111(011~11111~ 1((11151510(, //1 = /,,(10 (1110 111‬‬
‫‪~~(1)( 1((11151510( ~11((~111, /,, = 7.210 = 22.62 ~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(‪(0) ~1111 (1 5111115010(11~1115~ 01 ~11((~111 ~1111 1800 ~011011~11011, 111~ (1115 1((11151510‬‬
‫‪~11((~111,/~ = /,,(2 = 11.31 ~.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~00 = ~5 = 100~.‬‬

‫‪111 80111~ 3~~11~3110118, 80~11 35 0311~()1 ~113(~111~ 3110 015~113(~111~, 11 15 0~51(301~ 10‬‬
‫‪113~~ 0101(~~1101131 ~0~~( 50~ ~3~(01111)1. ~ 0101(~~1101131 ~0~~( 80~~1)115 5110~11‬‬
‫‪111~1~. 9-3.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 01(~~11011 01111~ ~0~~( 50~ ~111 0~~~110 011 111~ ~310~5 01 ~0, ~5,‬‬
‫‪3110 10(115 (3110 (0 = 1-/)1-/,,).‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0( ~0‬‬ ‫~‪50~ 1(0(11 111~ 500(~~ 10 111~ 1030, 111‬‬
‫‪111~~(1~( 0~~(31~5‬‬ ‫‪111111~ 111~~(81011 (1100~ 11‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~0 ~ 0~5‬‬ ‫)‪(9-6‬‬

‫‪111~ 0101(~~1101131‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪3110~8‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 11100~11‬‬ ‫‪~0((~11110‬‬ ‫~‪50‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1111~( 01(~~11011‬‬
‫‪3110 111~ ~0((~111‬‬ ‫~‪50‬‬ ‫‪0~~0(11~5‬‬ ‫‪~01111110005.‬‬
‫~~‪8~-‬‬
‫‪51899‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪()1.‬‬ ‫‪()3.‬‬

‫‪03.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪1/0‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪()4.‬‬ ‫‪()2.‬‬

‫‪5€~.‬‬ ‫‪9-2‬‬ ‫‪289‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪0~-8‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪51896‬‬

‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪03‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫‪1,/.‬‬ ‫‪.1~,‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪~~04‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪02‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫(~~‪111~ 3~ ~0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪10 3~~11~311005‬‬
‫~(‪51.1~~11~5 3‬‬
‫‪(30~~111~01‬‬
‫‪10~~(1~(,‬‬
‫‪10~~(1~(.‬‬
‫‪~113(~~5‬‬
‫‪03111~0131‬‬
‫(~‪10~~(1‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪01 30‬‬
‫‪300‬‬
‫‪~11~0‬‬
‫‪111~ 0311~(~.‬‬
‫~(‪51.1~~11~5 3‬‬
‫~(~‪~11‬‬
‫‪3150‬‬

‫~‪51311‬‬
‫~‪/(00‬‬
‫‪0~5‬‬
‫~‪~0111111001‬‬
‫‪00(11131‬‬
‫~‪35 1.10101~((1.1~1101‬‬
‫‪5~51~111 15 5110~0‬‬
‫‪5~11~11.‬‬

‫‪01.11~1.11 1(~().1.1~0~~.‬‬
‫‪15 0011.111112~0‬‬
‫‪51.1~~11~5,‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪111~ 111310 51.1~~1~ 15 00,‬‬
‫~‪~35‬‬

‫‪10 11115 3((30~~111~01‬‬

‫~‪1.15~0 35 513000‬‬
‫~(‪3~ 51.1~~11~5 3‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬
‫(~~‪01 ~0‬‬

‫‪~005~().1.1~011~,‬‬
‫~‪10 (~01.1~10‬‬
‫(~~‪111~ 3~ ~0‬‬
‫~‪111~ 512~ 01111‬‬
‫‪51.1~~11~5 ~30‬‬
‫‪001‬‬
‫‪501.1(~~5 10( ~(111~3110305‬‬
‫‪3~311301~.‬‬
‫)‪51.1~~1~ (0~5‬‬
‫‪9-4,‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬

‫‪~111~11 ~0051515‬‬
‫~(~‪13111.1(~, 111~ 0311‬‬
‫(~‪111~ 10~~(1‬‬
‫(~‪111~ 10~~(1‬‬
‫‪0~~(31~5‬‬
‫~‪1135 10 0~~(31‬‬
‫~~‪111~ 111~11-1(~().1.1~0‬‬
‫‪1(30510(111~(.‬‬
‫‪0~ ~31~~0(12~0‬‬
‫~‪513000‬‬
‫‪5~51~1115.‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪01 3 0311~(~,‬‬
‫‪51.1~~11~5‬‬
‫(~‪35 3 (~~1111‬‬
‫‪300‬‬

‫‪3(-‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪300‬‬
‫‪31 111~ 11.10-‬‬
‫~‪~3~301111‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬
‫~‪51111113( 10 111~ 0‬‬
‫~‪1010 111(~~ 1~~~5‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫~‪5~11~11~0-11100‬‬ ‫(~~‪3~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪51.1~~11~5‬‬

‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪~~500301‬‬ ‫(~~‪3~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪51.1~~11~5‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪)3101(~~110031‬‬ ‫(~~‪3~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪51.1~~11~5‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪111~ 512~ 01111~ 1(30510(111~( 10 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪1(~().1.1~0~~ 0~ 110/( 35 5110~0 10 ~1~.‬‬
‫~~~ ‪10~~(1~( 0~~(31~5 ~1111‬‬ ‫‪31 3‬‬
‫~‪1(30510(111~( 300 111~ 0~ 1111~( 31111‬‬
‫(~‪510~ 10~~(1‬‬ ‫‪0~~(31~5‬‬
‫‪9-4 ~30 0~ (~01.1~~0 0~ 111~ 30011100 01 3 111~11-‬‬
‫‪9-5.‬‬ ‫‪111~(~ 3(~ 1~0 10~~(1~(5.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 10~1.11-510‬‬
‫~‪~~(~ 111~111(~().1.1~0~~ 10 (~01.1~~ 111~ 512~ 01 111‬‬
‫‪10~1.1101111~ 01.11~1.11-510~10~~(1~(.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 01.11~1.11-‬‬
‫‪31 111~ 01.11~1.111(~().1.1~/1~~.‬‬

‫‪290‬‬
 ‫~‪(1~-(1‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~~‪~~9~-/~8~()80‬‬ ‫~‪~~0~ (1‬‬

‫‪/....‬‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫‪+‬‬
‫~~‪111.~ 111~01-51(1‬‬
‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪9-6.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(~‪111~~(1‬‬
‫~‪111.~ 001~01-510‬‬
‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬

‫~‪(1~-(1‬‬
‫‪9-5 ~(111 0~ (~~1(1~~0‬‬
‫(~‪111~~(1‬‬

‫~‪~~9~-/~8~()80~~ ~~0‬‬
‫‪0~~((11~5‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬
‫~~~ ‪~1111.‬‬
‫(~‪(1 (~5011(1111111~~(1‬‬

‫‪(11111.~ 001~01‬‬
‫‪(15 511.0~11‬‬

‫‪~(~()0~11~~.‬‬

‫(~‪(1 ~~~10~011~~(1‬‬
‫~‪111.~ 0100‬‬ ‫(~‪(~~11~1‬‬ ‫‪(1110 111.~ 001~01‬‬ ‫(~‪111~~(1‬‬ ‫‪~(111 0~ ~0((10111~0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~1111. 0101(~~11011(11‬‬ ‫‪5~11~11.~5 (15 511.0~11 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪9-7.‬‬ ‫(~‪111.~ ~~~10~011~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪~011~~(15 111.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~~‪11.1~11.-~(~()0~11‬‬ ‫~~‪(1~ 10 (1 10~-~(~()0~11‬‬ ‫‪(1~.‬‬ ‫(~~‪111.~ ~0‬‬ ‫~‪00‬‬ ‫~‪~(111 0‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬
‫‪~1111.~( 01(~~11011.‬‬

‫‪~,,.301))1~ 9-3‬‬

‫(~~‪111~ 10(10 (~8181(111~~ 01111~ (1~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪811~~11~8 111~1~. 9-5 18 ~ = 2.5 0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~ 0111~111‬‬
‫‪~011(1~~ 18 ~$ = 100..,,,.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111~111111~~(1~( 0~~((11~8 (11 (1 1(~(),11~11~~ 01 20 /(1-12 ~1111‬‬
‫‪011~ ~1118~ ~~( 11(111-~~~1~. 111~ 011-81(11~ ~011(1~~ 0(0~8‬‬ ‫‪011((11181810( 8~11~11~8 (1110 0100~8‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪9-3‬‬ ‫‪291‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪0,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪3(~ 11~~11~101~. 111~ 111(118(3110 0( 111~ 1(3118(0((11~( 18 0‬‬
‫‪= 1-1/1-1,,= 0.5. 111~ 0111~111‬‬
‫~~~ ‪111,,,~(1~( 0~~(31~8 ~1111 311 11111(0((11‬‬ ‫(‪0( (011( ~1118~8 ~~( 1131(-~)1~1~. 111~ ~10111 0‬‬
‫‪~3~11 ~1118~ 18 0 = 180.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~((11111~ 111~ ((118 1030 ~11((~111. 111~ (1~~1~ ,,,0113~~ 011 111‬‬
‫~‪0111~111 0( 111~ (~~11(1~( 18 11~~11~101~. ~~~1~~1 111~ 1088~8 111 111~ 1(3118(0((11~(, 3110 111‬‬
‫‪~((~~1 0( 111~ 1030 011 111~ (~80113111 ((~~11~11~)118 11~~11~101~.‬‬

‫‪80)111100‬‬ ‫‪111~ ((118 0111~111 ,,,0113~~ 0( 111~ 111~111111,,,~(1~( 18‬‬ ‫‪1/1 = 1/, = 100 ~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪((118 1(3118(0((11~( 8~~01103()1 ,,,0113~~, 1/2‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪= 01/1 = 0.5‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪50~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~~‪,,,0113‬‬
‫‪0( 111~ (~~11(1~(, ~0 = 1/2‬‬ ‫‪0 = 180, ~~. (8-18) ~1,,,~8‬‬
‫‪= 50~.‬‬ ‫(‪~1111111~ ~1118~~10111 0‬‬
‫)‪111~ ((1181030 ,,,0113~~, 1/1.- = 1/0 /~0/70‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪= 50 /4‬‬ ‫‪18/180‬‬ ‫‪= 31.6~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ((1181030‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~11((~111, 11.- = 1/1.-/~ = 31.6/2.5‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪12.64~.‬‬

‫‪11111~ /0))111 18 30 3~ 8011(~~, 30 10))111-813~~ (~~1111~( 18 (~~111(~0‬‬ ‫‪38 80.0~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪9-8 300 111~(~ 3(~ 1011( ~00,,,~(81008~ 3~-0~-3~-0~-3~.‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ (~~1111~( 300 10,,,~(1‬‬
‫‪))31( ~30 0~ (~))13~~0 0)1 3 ~00,,,~(1~( ~1111 0101(~~110031 3~ 8~11~11~8 38 80.0~0 10 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪9-9.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 8~11~1110~ 1110~11008 0111118 ~00,,,~(1~( ~30 0~ 8)10111~812~0 10 ~001010~ 10.‬‬
‫‪1110~1008 01111~ (~~1111~( 300 10,,,~(1~(.‬‬ ‫‪10.18 ~00,,,~(1~(, ~111~11 ~00,,,~(18 3~-3~ 01-‬‬

‫~‪0~-8‬‬ ‫~‪8~-0‬‬ ‫~‪0~-8‬‬

‫‪$1899‬‬ ‫‪$1899‬‬ ‫‪(...‬‬ ‫‪$1899‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪,..,,.‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫‪87‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫~‪,..,,‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪~,1‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪,..,,.‬‬

‫‪292‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~00~~(51005‬‬

‫‪10 111~ 00(01(11‬‬

‫‪~0 1010‬‬
‫‪1~0‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬

‫~‪10 110‬‬
‫‪~(1~,‬‬
‫‪105~(1~0‬‬
‫‪~~(01~(101111)1‬‬
‫‪0~~((11100‬‬

‫‪(100‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(~~11)1, 15 ~(111~0 111~ 10(~~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~. 9-8 ~(10 0~ ~~(10(01~0‬‬
‫‪~~(1~(5 (15 5110~0 10 ~1~. 9-9.‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫~(~‪11111‬‬
‫~‪01(1~0~11210‬‬
‫‪15 (10)1 0~ 1010(11(10~~,‬‬
‫‪~11((~01.‬‬
‫~‪0~~((1110‬‬
‫‪11(1(0 5(1111((11100.‬‬
‫‪~~(01~(101111)1‬‬
‫‪(15 5110~0‬‬
‫‪(100‬‬
‫‪(~~1005‬‬

‫(~‪111(011~11 111~ 0111‬‬

‫~(‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪00~5‬‬
‫(~‪~00101111(11~0 ~)1~10~00~~(1‬‬

‫‪~010~(11‬‬
‫‪(~~100‬‬
‫(~‪111~ 1((10510(01‬‬

‫‪10 (1 10(010‬‬
‫(~‪111~ 0111‬‬
‫‪111~ 1111)( 110~5‬‬

‫‪001‬‬
‫‪~(1(1‬‬
‫~‪111(011~11111‬‬
‫‪(~~100,‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫~(‪~0‬‬

‫‪11115 ~(001~01‬‬
‫‪10 111~ ~0(~,‬‬
‫‪(100‬‬
‫‪0)1 1~0‬‬

‫~(‪~0‬‬

‫‪10~ (100 111~11 ~~(01~(101111)1.‬‬

‫‪10 ~1~. 9-10(1,‬‬

‫‪1010‬‬
‫(~‪100‬‬
‫~(~‪~11‬‬
‫~‪11(15 (~1(111~~1)1 10‬‬
‫‪~(1(1.‬‬
‫(~‪111~ 100‬‬

‫(~~‪~111~11 11(15 (1 10‬‬

‫‪(3).‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (1~-0~-(1~-0~-(1‬‬
‫‪10(~~0-~00101111(11~0‬‬

‫~‪01(1)1 5(1111((11~, (~5111110‬‬

‫‪51101110 ~)(111011 (1 ~~()1111~11 (~1(111~~ ~~(01~(101111)1‬‬
‫(~‪1100‬‬ ‫~~‪0~ 1010(11(10‬‬ ‫‪~000111005,‬‬
‫‪01 5(1111((11100 ~(10 0~ 011010112~0‬‬
‫~‪0)1 11(1~10‬‬
‫‪~0 (11( ~(1~ 01(1)1‬‬
‫‪~(1(1 11(15 111~11‬‬
‫‪~~(01~(101111)1.‬‬
‫‪10 ~(15~ 015(1111((11100,‬‬

‫‪11(1(0 5(1111((11100.‬‬
‫‪~~(01~(101111)1‬‬
‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪10(0105‬‬
‫(~‪1.) 00‬‬
‫‪~)1~10~00-‬‬

‫‪10 (1 111~11‬‬

‫‪11 51101110 001‬‬

‫‪00(01(11‬‬
‫‪111~ 1111)( 11(15‬‬
‫(‪011~ 10 111~ (11‬‬
‫‪~1111 111~11 (100‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~~(01~(101111)1‬‬ ‫‪~(10 0~ ~001010~0‬‬ ‫‪(15 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪9-100.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(2‬‬‫‪/‬‬
‫~‪~8~~8198‬‬ ‫‪..)~11..~ 9-10‬‬ ‫‪~0(~5‬‬ ‫‪~1(/1 (~0‬‬ ‫‪()~(/11~3011-‬‬
‫‪(8) 8~(19~6‬‬ ‫‪(0~0~0‬‬ ‫‪1(~ (~~10(15.‬‬

‫‪58~. 9-5‬‬ ‫‪293‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪100051(1(11‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪50~~11~5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 011~0‬‬ ‫‪1)1~~5~ 0~ 50~~11~5‬‬ ‫‪(100 (1~ 50~~11~5.‬‬ ‫‪10 (1 510~1~-‬‬
‫‪51(1~~ ~00‬‬ ‫‪~(5100,‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ 1501(1110~ 1((10510(111‬‬ ‫‪113510‬‬ ‫~‪0~~(31‬‬ ‫‪31111~ 001~011(~()0~0~)1.‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪(~00‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 512~ 01111‬‬ ‫(~‪1((10510(111‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪111~~1 111~ 100051(1(11‬‬ ‫‪5~~~111~(111005,‬‬ ‫‪11101-‬‬
‫‪1151(1~~ ~00‬‬ ‫‪~(51005‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 00(111(111)1 (~()01(~0.‬‬ ‫~(~‪111‬‬ ‫~(‪(1‬‬ ‫‪(1(1005‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪50~~1)1‬‬ ‫‪10-‬‬
‫‪~010~1~5,‬‬ ‫~‪0~~~0010‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪111~ 001~01‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪(~()01(~111~01‬‬ ‫~‪(100 (1~~~~1(1~1‬‬ ‫‪~0111~1~)(11)1.‬‬
‫‪~00‬‬ ‫‪~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪~1111 ~101(~~110031‬‬ ‫‪5~11~11~5,‬‬ ‫~‪~111~11 (1110‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~001(01‬‬ ‫(~~‪01 ~0‬‬ ‫~‪110‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~1111~( 01(~~11005,‬‬ ‫~(‪(~()01‬‬ ‫~‪5)10111~51210‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 5~11~1110‬‬ ‫‪100~11005‬‬ ‫‪10 0~1(110‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~51(~0‬‬
‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫‪~(1‬‬ ‫‪~10(1115.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1. ~. 13. 1-1031~/(, /)~5/8/10/‬‬ ‫‪50//()-5(0(~ ,,0~~,. 5~~~//~5.‬‬ ‫‪~~~ ~ 0(/(~ ~30 ~051(300‬‬ ‫‪~~10/1010‬‬
‫‪~0111~(0)1, 10~., 1981.‬‬
‫(‪2. 5. ~30135, 300~. 0. 210~35, ..~ 00~~1510~ ~3~~ 103(-0‬‬ ‫‪(00~~(1~( ~11/1 /11~/11(~()11~0()1‬‬
‫‪1(30510(111~( 150131100.,, / ~~~ 1,.0/150~(/0/15 0/1 //1()~5(,./0/ ~/~~(,.0/1/~5, ~01. 11332, ~0. 4,‬‬
‫‪1985, ~~. 430-438.‬‬
‫‪3. 1(. ~. 1-130030, 1. 1((15/1030, 300 ~. ~3)3~0~31030,‬‬ ‫‪..0( 10 0( (00~~(1~(5 ~11/1 /11~/1‬‬
‫~~~‪1(~()11~0()1 3( 110/(.,, /‬‬ ‫‪1,.0/150~(/0/15 0/1 //1()~5(,.)1 .4~~//~0(/0/15, ~01. 1~22, ~0. 2,‬‬
‫‪1986, ~~. 244-254.‬‬
‫(~‪4. ~. 0. 210~35, 5. 1. 1(/130, 300 ~. 1-1. ~35/110, ..~0(1)1515 300 0~51~0 01 ()1(10(00~~(1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪51(11(111(~5~11/1 1111~(0~~0 1(3051~( (/13(3(1~(1511(5.,,‬‬
‫‪~/~~(,.0/1/~5, ~01. 11333, ~0. 3, 1986, ~~. 271-280.‬‬
‫‪/ ~~~ 1,.0/150~(/0/15 0/1 //1()~5(,./0/‬‬

‫‪5. 13. 0. ~~1(/111130, ~. 0. 210~35, 300 ~. ~. 51~1300~1(, ..~ 00~~1 01131~(31 ~0~~( (00-‬‬
‫~~~‪~~(5100 5(/1~111~10( ~3(1301~ 1(~()11~0()1 51311( ~0~~( 511~~11~5.,, /‬‬
‫‪//1()~5(,.)1.4~~//~0(/0/15,~01. 1~21, ~0. 5, 1985, ~~. 1226-1233.‬‬
‫‪1,.0/150~(/0/15 0/1‬‬

‫‪6.‬‬ ‫‪1. 1. ~11~1, ..~/135~-1110011131~0 (~500301‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪(00~~(5100‬‬ ‫‪1~(/101()11~5 10( /11~/11(~()11~0()1‬‬
‫‪110/( 10~~(1~(5.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪/‬‬ ‫‪//1()~5(,.)1 .4~~//~0(/0/15‬‬ ‫‪50~/~()1 ~0/1/~,.~/1~~ 8.~~0,.(), 1985, ~~. 1163-‬‬
‫‪1172.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪9-1.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 1/1~ 00(11131 5~~(111(311005‬‬ ‫(~~‪01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪511~~11~5,,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪9-2.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫(~~‪1/1~ 1)1~~5 01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪511~~11~5 10 ~~0~(31,,‬‬

‫‪9-3.‬‬ ‫(~~‪~3111~ 1/1(~~ 1)1~~5 01 0( ~0‬‬ ‫‪511~~11~5.‬‬
‫‪9-4.‬‬ ‫(~~‪~3111~ 1/1(~~ 1)1~~5 01 3( ~0‬‬ ‫‪511~~11~5.‬‬
‫‪9-5.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 30~3013~~5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪01530~3013~~5‬‬ ‫~~‪01 510~1~-513‬‬ ‫‪(00~~(5100,,‬‬
‫‪9-6.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 1/1~ 30~3013~~5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪01530~3013~~5‬‬ ‫~‪015~11(/1~0-11100‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪511~~11~5,,‬‬
‫‪9-7.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 1/1~ 30~3013~~5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪01530~3013~~5‬‬ ‫‪01 (~500301‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪511~~11~5,,‬‬
‫‪9-8.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 1/1~ 30~3013~~5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪01530~3013~~5‬‬ ‫‪01 0101(~(110031‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪511~~11~5,,‬‬
‫‪9-9.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 1/1~ 30~3013~~5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪01530~3013~~5‬‬ ‫(‪0111)103(/‬‬ ‫‪(00~~(1~(5,,‬‬

‫‪294‬‬
 ‫‪9-10.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 111~ 30~31113~~5‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪3110 01530~31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪01 ~(1511-~(111 ~011~~(1~(57‬‬
‫‪9-11.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 111~ 30~31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 01530~31113~~5‬‬
‫~~‪0111311-0(10‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(57‬‬
‫‪9-12.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫(~‪3(~ 111~ ~3(10(15 ~01111~(1(3110115 01 (~50113111 0~ ~0,,.,‬‬ ‫‪5(1~~11~57‬‬

‫‪9-13.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 111~ 30~31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 01530~31113~~5‬‬ ‫(~‪01111~11-1(~()(1~11~)11111/( ~0,,.,‬‬ ‫‪5(1~~11~57‬‬
‫‪9-14.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪15 111~ ~~11~(31 3((311~~(11~111 01 0~5‬‬ ‫‪5)151~(1157‬‬
‫‪9-15.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 111~ ~(001~(115‬‬ ‫‪01111~ 1(311510((11~( ~0(~7‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫‪9-1.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~ 0(11~(11 ~0113~~ 01111~ ~(1511-~1111 ~1(~(111111 ~1~. 9-1~, 110 = 24‬‬ ‫~~‪31 3 (~5156‬‬
‫‪1030 01 ~ = 0.4 0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 011-5131~ ~0113~~ 0(0~5 011(31151510(5 3110 0100~5 3(~ 11, = 1.2‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪,, (~5~~~11~~1)1.‬‬ ‫= ‪111~ 111(115 (3110 01111~ 1(311510((11~(, (1 = ,..,/,..,,,‬‬
‫‪3110 11,, = 0.7‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0.5.‬‬ ‫(‪0~1~((11111~ 111~ (3) 3~~(3~~ 111~(11~(1((~111, /,~ (/)) ~111~1~11~)1,11~(~) 3~~(3~~ 1(31151510‬‬
‫‪~11((~111, /~~ (()) ~~3/( 1(31151510( ~11((~111, /,,~ (~) ((115 1(31151510( ~11((~111, /8~ 3110 (() 0~~11-‬‬
‫~‪~1(~(111 1(31151510( ~0113~~, 1100. ~~~1~~1 111~ 1055~5 111 111~ 1(311510((11~(, 3110 111~ (1~~1‬‬
‫‪~11((~111 01111~ 1030 3110 111~(11 5(1~~1)115 11~~11~101~.‬‬
‫‪9-2.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫(‪9-110‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1(~(111111 ~1~. 9-10,‬‬ ‫‪10( /( = 0.5.‬‬
‫‪9-3.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫(‪9-110‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1(~1111111 ~1~. 9-10.‬‬
‫‪9-4.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫(‪9-110‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1(~1111111 ~1~. 9-1~.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫‪9-5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~ 0111~(11 ~0113~~ 01111~ 11311-0(10~~ ~1(~(111 111 ~1~. 9-23, 110 = 24‬‬ ‫‪31 3 1030‬‬
‫‪(~5151311~~01 ~ = 0.8 0. 111~ 111~~(1~( 0~~(31~5 31111~ (~501131111(~()11~11~)1. 111~ ~1(~1111‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪~3(3(11~1~(5 3(~ ~1 = ~2 = ~ = 2 ~, 1- = 5 11, 3110 ~ = 0. 111~ 0~ 111~(11~0113~~,‬‬
‫~‪11, = 50 ,. 111~ 011-5131~ ~0113~~ 0(0~5 011(31151510(5 3110 0100~5 3(~ 11~~11~101~. 111‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪9-6.‬‬
‫‪1(1(115 (360 01111~ 1(311510((11~(, (1 = ,..,/,..,,, = 0.5.‬‬

‫‪111111~ 1(311510((11~(,‬‬
‫‪~~~~31 ~(00.‬‬
‫~~‪0~1~((11111~ 111~ (3) 3~~(3‬‬
‫~‪~11((~111, /,~ (/)) 3~~(3~~ 1(31151510( ~11((~111, /~ ~ (~) ~~3/( 1(31151510( ~(1((~111, /,,‬‬
‫(‪1(31151510( ~11((~111, /8~ 3110 (~) 0~~11-~1(~11111(31151510‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~,‬‬
‫‪3110 111~ ~11~~1 01111~ 1030 011 111~ (~501131111(~()(1~11~)115‬‬
‫‪9-5 10( 111~ 11111-0(10~~ ~1(~1111111 ~1~. 9-20.‬‬
‫‪111~111‬‬
‫‪(()) ((115‬‬

‫‪1100.‬‬ ‫~‪~~~1~~1111‬‬ ‫‪1055~5‬‬

‫‪11~~11~101~.‬‬

‫‪9-7.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030 (~5151311~~ 01111~ 3~ ~0,,.,~( 5(1~~11~0 111~1~. 9-4 15 ~ = 1.5 0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~ 111~(11‬‬
‫= ‪~0113~~ 15 11,‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(~‪111~(11111~~(1‬‬ ‫‪0~~(31~5‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1(~()11~11~)1‬‬ ‫‪01400‬‬ ‫‪112 ,,.,1111311‬‬
‫~~~ ‪(111/10((11‬‬ ‫‪01 ~1~111 ~1115~5 ~~( 11311-~)1~1~ 3110 111~ ,,.,10111 01 ~3~11 ~1115~ 15 0 = 200.‬‬
‫‪111~ 011-5131~ ~0113~~ 0(0~5‬‬ ‫(‪011(31151510‬‬ ‫‪5,,.,11~11~5 3110 0100~5‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 11~~11~101~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1(1(115‬‬
‫‪,..,/,..,,,‬‬
‫‪(3110‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪1(311510((11~(,‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 4.‬‬ ‫‪0~1~((11111~ 111~((115 1030 ~(1((~111. ~~~1~~1‬‬
‫‪111~ 1055~5 111111~ 1(311510((11~(,‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~ ~11~~1 01111~ 1030 011 111~ (~50113111 1(~()(1~11~)1 15‬‬
‫‪11~~11~101~.‬‬
‫‪9-8.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030 (~5151311~~ 01111~ 3~ ~0,,.,~( 511~~11~5 111~1~. 9-5 15 ~ = 1.5 0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~ 111~111‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~0113~~, 11, = 24 ,.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111~(11 111~~(1~( 0~~(31~5‬‬ ‫‪31 3 1(~()(1~11~)1 01 20 /(112 ,,.,1111 3‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~~~ ‪(111/10((11‬‬ ‫‪0110(1( ~1115~5 ~~( 11311-~)1~1~ 3110 111~ ,,.,10111 01 ~3~11 ~1115~ 15 0, = 400.‬‬
‫‪111~ 011-5131~ ~0113~~ 0(0~5 011(31151510( 5,,.,11~11~5 3110 0100~5 3(~ 11~~11~101~. 111~ 111(115‬‬
‫‪(360 01111~ 1(311510((11~(, (1 = ,..,/,..,,, = 0.5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0111~(11111~~(1~( 0~~(31~5 ,,.,11111111110((11‬‬
‫~~~‬ ‫~‪01 ~1~111 ~1115~5 ~~( 11311-~)1~1~ 3110 111~ ,,.,1011101 ~3~11 ~(115~ 15 00 = 200. 0~1~((11111‬‬
‫‪111~ ((115 1030 ~(1((~111.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ (1~~1~ ~0113‬‬ ‫(~‪011 111~ 0111~111 01111~ (~~611‬‬ ‫‪15 11~~11~101~.‬‬
‫‪~~~1~~1 111~ 1055~5 111 111~ 1(311510((11~(,‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~ ~11~~1 01 111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ (~50113111‬‬
‫‪1(~()(1~11~)115 11~~11~101~.‬‬

‫‪295‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪01(~~1‬‬
‫‪111 ~3(1301~-8~~~0‬‬
‫‪3180‬‬
‫‪~0111(01‬‬
‫‪~13)1‬‬
‫~‪~088101‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)~‪~1.1((~111 (0‬‬

‫‪10 0013111‬‬

‫~‪3 81~11111~3111 (01‬‬

‫‪(11010(8‬‬
‫‪0(1~~8.‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪8~~~0‬‬
‫~‪113~~ ~3(1301‬‬
‫‪(11010(8‬‬
‫‪~0111(01‬‬
‫~~‪110((11311)1 81(11~1~( 3110 1~88 ~)(~~1181‬‬
‫‪111 (1100~(11‬‬
‫(~~‪0‬‬
‫‪~113(3~1~(1811~8‬‬
‫~‪~311 ~(0~10‬‬
‫~‪3 ~10‬‬

‫‪11101.181(131 0(1~~8.‬‬
‫‪(311~~.‬‬
‫~(‪3110 3‬‬
‫~‪3 111~11 813(1111‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪111311 11131 01 3~ 0(1~~8.‬‬
‫‪130111 8~(1~8‬‬
‫‪1.18~0 ~)(1~1181~~1)1‬‬
‫‪10(().1.1~ 3110 11 18‬‬
‫‪(11~111008‬‬

‫‪3110‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪01 8~~~0‬‬
‫‪(11010(8‬‬
‫‪8~~3(31~1)1‬‬
‫‪~)(~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪(11010(8‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪110((11311)1 1.18~0 111 ~3(1301~-8~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪0(1~~8‬‬ ‫‪110~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪8~(1~8‬‬
‫‪(11010(8‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪1(30111011311)1‬‬ ‫‪~(11~10)1~0‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪1(3~11011‬‬ ‫‪3~~11~3110118.‬‬ ‫‪01.1~ 10 111~ ~0(11(111.1-‬‬
‫‪1310(8,‬‬ ‫‪0~ (11010(8‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 1101 81.111301~ 10( ~~()1111~11-8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪3~~11~3110118‬‬ ‫~(‪3110 (~().1.11(~ (110‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(1131111~11311~~ 111311 00‬‬ ‫‪3~ (11010(8.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫‪(~~1111~(8‬‬ ‫~‪~(0~10‬‬ ‫~‪3 ~3(1301‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~~‪01.11~1.11 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪1(0(11‬‬ ‫‪3 11)(~0‬‬ ‫~‪3‬‬
‫‪~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪~11~(~38‬‬ ‫‪~110~~~(8‬‬ ‫~‪~311 ~(0~10‬‬ ‫~‪3 ~3(1301‬‬ ‫~~‪0~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪1(0(11 (11)(~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~0113~~.‬‬
‫‪01.1~ 10 111~1( (01111)110‬‬ ‫~‪81.1~~1)13 ~01111111.101.181)1~3(1301‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫‪(~~1111~(8‬‬
‫‪3110 0~ ~110~~~(8‬‬ ‫~‪(1130‬‬ ‫‪3 (~~011.111011‬‬ ‫‪111 (1100~(11‬‬ ‫‪11101.181(131 ~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪~().1.11~(11~111 3110‬‬
‫‪~3(1301~-8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~8,‬‬ ‫(~~‪~1111 ~0‬‬ ‫‪1~~~18‬‬ ‫~‪(311~111‬‬ ‫‪1(0(11‬‬ ‫‪1(3~1101131‬‬ ‫(~~‪110(8~~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪8~~~(31‬‬ ‫‪(11~~3~3118.‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~8‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ ~1388111~0,‬‬ ‫‪111 ~~11~(31,‬‬ ‫~‪11110 111(~~ 1)1~~8‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫~‪5111~1~-~1138‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~8‬‬

‫‪2. 111(~~-~1138~ 0(1~~8‬‬
‫‪3. ~110~~~( 0(1~~8‬‬

‫‪296‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫~‪,.‬‬
‫‪---) --‬‬ ‫‪~1~0..~ 10-1 ~~01.,,31~11( ~1(~01( 01 5~))3-‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪(3(~1~ ~)(~1(~0 0~ 1110(0(5.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(‪~(),1.11.,,111~01 ~1(~1.111 10‬‬ ‫~‪11 8~~11(111~1‬‬ ‫‪~)(~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫(‪(0010‬‬ ‫‪18 8110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-1.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫‪11 8~~11(111~1~ ~)(~11~0‬‬ ‫(‪(0010‬‬ ‫‪18 ~)(~11~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 11 11~10 ~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪011/1100‬‬ ‫~(‪110 11((01111.1‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪011,,‬‬ ‫‪110~8‬‬ ‫(‪10 111~ 11((01111.1(~ ~1(~1.111, 111~ (0010‬‬ ‫‪0~.,,~10~8‬‬ ‫‪11 011~~ ~(011100‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫‪10((),1.1~ 10 0111110~~ 111~ 10110 10((),1.1~ 111 11 ~11(11~1.1111( 8~~~0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11~10 ~1.1((~01,‬‬ ‫‪1/, 01‬‬
‫~‪11 8~~11(111~1‬‬ ‫‪~)(~11~0‬‬ ‫(‪(0010‬‬ ‫‪18 100~~~00~01‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪11((01111.1(~ ~1.1((~01,‬‬ ‫‪1,,, 1100‬‬ ‫~‪110‬‬
‫‪~11110~~ 10 111~ 11((01111.1(~ ~1.1((~0111118‬‬ ‫‪00 ~11~~110‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11~10 ~1.1((~01.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11~10 ~1.1((~01‬‬
‫~‪18 00((01111‬‬ ‫‪(01.1~111~88‬‬ ‫‪111110 111~ 11((01111.1(~ ~1.1((~01.‬‬
‫~‪111~ ~(),1.11111008 0~8~(1010‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1111(11~1~(1811~8 0111 8~~11(111~1~ ~)(~11~0‬‬ ‫(‪(0010‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬
‫‪0~ 0~1~((010~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0(0‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-1.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10811101110~01.18‬‬ ‫‪11~10 ~1.1((~01,‬‬ ‫‪1/, 18 0~8~(10~0‬‬ ‫‪118‬‬

‫‪0-1/‬‬
‫‪1)/‬‬ ‫(‪= ~/1/ + 1./ 0-‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(‪111~ (0010‬‬ ‫‪011~~ ~(01,‬‬ ‫‪~111~1118‬‬ ‫‪11180 ~00~0‬‬ ‫‪118 8~~~0-‬‬ ‫‪1/0/((18~,‬‬ ‫‪18 ~)(~(~88~0‬‬ ‫‪118‬‬

‫‪1(,,/1)1/‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪/1‬‬ ‫=‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪10((),1.1~ 0~.,,~10~~0‬‬ ‫(‪0~ 111~ (0010‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫)(‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪1(,1/1,,‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪0~.,,~10~~0‬‬ ‫~~‪10((),1.1~ (01.181 0~ ~(),1.111110 111~ 10110 10((),1.1‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫)‪0-(1‬‬
‫)(‪1‬‬
‫‪= 1~ +‬‬ ‫)‪8(1‬‬
‫‪+ 11-‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫‪(0010( 8~~~0, (110/8‬‬

‫‪8 = .,,18~01.181(1~1100 ~00811101, ~ .(0/(110/8‬‬
‫‪1(,, = .,,01111~~ ~00811101, ~/ ~-(110/8‬‬
‫‪1(, = 1(,, = 10((),1.1~ ~00811101‬‬
‫‪1.,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~(‪11((01111.1‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.111‬‬ ‫‪1001.1~1110~~,‬‬ ‫‪1-1‬‬

‫‪1./‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪11~10 ~1(~1.1111001.1~1110~~,‬‬ ‫‪1-1‬‬

‫‪~,,‬‬ ‫‪11((01111.1(~ ~1(~1.111 (~8181110~~,‬‬ ‫‪,0‬‬

‫‪58~. 10-2‬‬ ‫‪297‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~, = ~1~10~1(~1111(~8181311~~,11‬‬
‫‪11- = 103010(~11~, ~.111‬‬

‫(~‪0110‬‬ ‫~‪81~(0)1-8131‬‬ ‫‪~01101110118,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 11111~ 0~(1~311~~8111111~8‬‬ ‫‪~~113110118‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 2~(0‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬
‫~‪111~ 81~(0)1-8131‬‬ ‫~~‪3~~(3‬‬ ‫~(‪~113111111~8 3‬‬

‫‪17,‬‬ ‫‪= ~,1,‬‬ ‫)‪(10~1‬‬

‫‪~8 = /(,,0)1,‬‬ ‫)‪(10-2‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪17/2‬‬ ‫‪~/21/2 + ~8‬‬

‫‪~,,1/2 + /(,,0)1,‬‬ ‫)‪(10-3‬‬

‫‪111‬‬ ‫‪= /(/,1/2‬‬ ‫)‪(10-4‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪= 130) + 11-‬‬ ‫)‪(10-5‬‬

‫)‪(10-6‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪(~13110118111‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1~10 ~11((~111,‬‬ ‫~~‪1,, 3110 111~ 03‬‬ ‫‪~111~, ~8,‬‬ ‫(‪18 110111111~3‬‬
‫‪011~ 10 1113~11~11~ 83111(311011.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~13110118111~,‬‬ ‫‪~111~1118 8110~11111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-2,‬‬ ‫‪18 ~110~11‬‬
‫‪38 111(1811~(/2(1(/011‬‬ ‫~‪~/7(1,.(1~(~,./5(/‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ 111010(.‬‬ ‫‪~(0111‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫‪(10-3),‬‬ ‫‪111~ 8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 3‬‬
‫‪8~~3(31~1)1‬‬ ‫‪~)(~11~0‬‬ ‫(‪111010‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ ~011110 ~(0111‬‬

‫‪17/2 -‬‬ ‫‪~/21/2‬‬ ‫‪17/2 -‬‬ ‫‪~,,1/2‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫~~‬
‫~‪~0111(011111‬‬
‫‪~1~10 ~11((~111,‬‬
‫‪~311 11011~~ ~(0111 ~~.‬‬
‫~(‪111~ 3(1113111‬‬
‫‪1,, ~110~11‬‬
‫)‪0‬‬

‫‪~0113~~,‬‬
‫‪38 //~/0.‬‬
‫=‬
‫)‪(10-7‬‬
‫‪/(,,1,‬‬

‫~‪11131111‬‬
‫‪17/2, ~110~11‬‬
‫~‪~011(,.0/‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬
‫‪/(,, 17,/~,‬‬

‫(‪111010‬‬ ‫‪8~~~0‬‬
‫~‪38 110/((18~ ~011(,.0/‬‬
‫~‪10(~11‬‬ ‫‪0~1113110,‬‬
‫~‪~311 0‬‬
‫)‪(2‬‬
‫‪~3(1~0‬‬
‫~‪~0111(011111‬‬
‫‪~111~11 ~0((~8~01108‬‬
‫)‪(10-7‬‬

‫)‪0)1 (1‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬

‫~(‪10 311 3(1113111‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111,‬‬ ‫(‪1/2, ~0‬‬ ‫‪3 11)(~0 ~1~10 ~11((~111,‬‬ ‫‪1,.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪8~~~0,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 ~0((~-‬‬
‫‪8~01108‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ (31~0‬‬ ‫~(‪3(1113111‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪(31~0‬‬ ‫‪~1~10 ~11((~111 3110 (31~0‬‬ ‫~(‪3(1113111‬‬ ‫‪~11(-‬‬
‫‪(~111, 18 ~110~11‬‬ ‫‪38 111~ 0(1$~ $/1~~0..‬‬
‫‪111 ~(3~6~~,‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪3 8~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪1~88 111311 111~ 038‬‬ ‫‪8~~~0,‬‬ ‫~(‪111~ 3(1113111‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬
‫‪~1~10 ~11((~1118 3(~ 111311113111~0 ~01181311110‬‬ ‫~‪111~~1111~ 10(~11‬‬ ‫‪0~1113110,‬‬ ‫~(‪3110 111~ 3(1113111‬‬
‫‪~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪17/2, 18 ~3(1~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~0111(01111‬‬ ‫‪8~~~0.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪8~~~0 111~11~( 111311 111~ 038‬‬ ‫‪8~~~0,‬‬
‫~(‪111~ 3(1113111‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪18 111311113111~0 31111~ (31~0‬‬ ‫‪~3111~ 3110 111~ ~1~10 ~11((~11118‬‬ ‫‪~3(1~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~0111(01 111~ 8~~~0,‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~~10~~0‬‬ ‫(‪0)1111~ 111010‬‬ ‫~‪10(~11‬‬ ‫=(‬‫()‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫)‪8~~~0‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪)/1211..~ 10-2‬‬ ‫‪~3~11~(123(1011 (03..3(((..15-‬‬

‫‪,,‬‬ ‫‪(1(,‬‬

‫‪298‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫~‪.0~~~8..‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪5~88~.‬‬ ‫‪,.,‬‬

‫‪,6.~,.,,8~~~8‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‬ ‫‪~~~~8,,~. ~.‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪- - - - - - - - - - -+-‬‬
‫‪~.....-....-‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪-.....‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪--‬‬
‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪~~8~~ ~~~~8,,~.‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪-()0,,5~8,,~-‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪~0~~~8‬‬

‫‪(~11131115 ~011513111.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~11‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬ ‫~‪5110~5111‬‬ ‫‪~113(3~1~(1511~5‬‬ ‫‪0~ 10(()11~,‬‬ ‫‪~0~~(,‬‬ ‫~(‪3(1113111‬‬
‫‪~11((~111,‬‬ ‫~‪3110 ~1~10 ~11((~111 3~311151111‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0.‬‬
‫(‪111~ 11~10 0~ 3 0~ 111010‬‬ ‫‪1113)1 0~ ~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪111 5~(1~5‬‬ ‫~‪~1111111‬‬ ‫~(‪3(1113111‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111‬‬
‫‪35 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-4,‬‬ ‫(‪3110 11115 1)1~~ 0~ 111010‬‬ ‫‪15 ~311~0‬‬ ‫‪3 5€,./€5‬‬ ‫‪1110(0,..‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~1~10‬‬
‫‪~1(~1111 15 0~51~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~3(()1111‬‬ ‫~(‪3(1113111‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 51~(0)1-5131‬‬ ‫~~‪3~~(3‬‬ ‫‪()11311-‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫~(‪1111~5 3‬‬

‫)‪(10-8‬‬
‫)‪(10-9‬‬
‫)‪(10-10‬‬
‫)‪(10-11‬‬
‫)‪130‬‬ ‫‪+ 11-‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 3 5~(1~5‬‬ ‫(‪111010‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ 0~1~(111111~0‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(10-9‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~1~11..~ 10-4 ~()(11.,,3)~,,( (1~((11( 0( 0( 5~-‬‬

‫‪~1~5 1110(0~5.‬‬

‫‪58~. 10-2‬‬ ‫‪299‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫‪- - - - - - - - -~0~8~. ~0‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫~‪--7--‬‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫_ ‪1‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪//‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪~- -‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪-~.‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪8~880.,.,‬‬
‫‪. ~-80~518~1_/‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~--80~518~1‬‬ ‫‪..1~11..~ 10-5‬‬ ‫‪~113(3~(~(15(1~5 01 0~ 5~(1~5‬‬
‫‪10~(1(18‬‬ ‫~‪~0~8‬‬ ‫‪1110(0(5.‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~010‬‬

‫‪(0‬‬ ‫)‪(10-12‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪1()0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪111~ 8()~~0‬‬ ‫‪~30 0~ ~311~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 ~001101110‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (1) 311031111‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪~0,‬‬ ‫~‪01 (2) 311031111‬‬
‫‪~1111~01,‬‬ ‫~‪~111~11 18 3 10~38111‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫~‪101~11‬‬ ‫‪0~10300.‬‬ ‫‪~~1131100‬‬ ‫)‪(10-10‬‬ ‫‪1001~31~8‬‬
‫‪11131 3 8~11~8‬‬ ‫‪100101‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫~‪()10~10‬‬ ‫‪3 111~11101~11~,‬‬ ‫‪~8()~~1311)1‬‬ ‫~~‪31 8131110‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪101 11118‬‬
‫‪1~3800,‬‬ ‫‪8~11~8 1001018‬‬ ‫‪31~ ~0101(001)1118~0‬‬ ‫‪10 113~1100‬‬ ‫‪3()()11~311008.‬‬
‫‪~01‬‬ ‫‪3 8()~~0‬‬ ‫~‪11() 10 111~ 038‬‬ ‫‪8()~~0,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 311031111‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪18 ~311~0‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~‪101~11‬‬ ‫‪18 103101310~0‬‬ ‫‪~0081301.‬‬ ‫~~‪00‬‬ ‫‪111~ 131~0‬‬ ‫~‪311031111‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪18 3()()11~0,‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~‪8()~~0-101~11‬‬ ‫)(‪1~1311008111‬‬ ‫‪10110~8‬‬ ‫‪111~ 03111131‬‬ ‫~‪~11313~1~11811‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪100101‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪()0~~1‬‬ ‫=(‬ ‫~‪101~11‬‬ ‫()‬
‫)‪8()~~0‬‬ ‫‪1~103108‬‬ ‫‪~0081301.‬‬ ‫‪~8‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 101~11‬‬ ‫‪0~10300‬‬ ‫‪18 1~011~~0,‬‬

‫‪111~ 8()~~0‬‬ ‫‪10~1~38~8.‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪3 ~~1)111~111‬‬ ‫‪1030,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 8()~~0‬‬ ‫‪~01110 0~ ~~1)1111~11‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪11 18‬‬
‫‪001‬‬ ‫~‪30~18301‬‬ ‫‪10 1110 3 0~ 8~11~8‬‬ ‫‪100101‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪00-1030.‬‬ ‫~‪~1~111‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪8110~8‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1131-‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪3~1~11811~8‬‬

‫~))(‪~,.301‬‬ ‫‪10-1‬‬
‫‪01 0~ 8~11~8 1001018.‬‬

‫~‪~ 15-11~ 220- ~ 2000-1~111 8~~3131~))1 ~,.~11~0 0~ 1110101 ~01111018 3 1030 1~~1111111~3 101~11‬‬
‫‪0111.- = 45 ~.111 31 3 8~~~0 011200‬‬ ‫‪1~111. 111~ 11~10 ~11~11111~8181311~~ 18 8.1 = 147 11,‬‬
‫‪111~ 3111131111~ ~11~11111~8181311~~ 18 8.~ = 0.25 11, 3110 111~ ,,,0113~~ ~011813111 01111~ 1110101‬‬
‫‪18 /(~ = 0.7032 ~/~-130/8.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11~10 ,,,0113~~ 18 ~1 = 220~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ,,,18~0118111~11011‬‬
‫‪3110 110-1030 1088~8 31~ 11~~11~101~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 3111131111~ ~1111~1111113)10~ 38811111~0 ~0111111110118‬‬
‫‪3110 11~~1~ 11~~.‬‬ ‫‪1)~1~1111111~ 111~ (3) 03~/( ~1111, ~8~ (0) 1~~1111~0 3111131111~ ,,,0113~~,‬‬ ‫~~~‬
‫‪3110 (~) 131~0 3111131111~ ~1111~11101111~ 1110101.‬‬

‫‪80)01100‬‬ ‫‪8.1 = 147 11, 8.~ = 0.25 11, /(~ = /(( = 0.7032 ~/~-130/8, ~1 = 220 ~,‬‬
‫‪1,) = 11.-= 45 ~.111, (.0 = 12007(/30 = 125.66130/8,3110/1 = 220/147 = 1.497 ~.‬‬
‫‪(3) ~101118~. (10-4), /~ = 45/(0.7032 )( 1.497) = 42.75~. ~10111‬‬ ‫‪8~. (10-2),‬‬
‫‪)( 125.66 )( 1.497 = 132.28~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~8 = 0.7032‬‬
‫‪(0) ~101118~. (10-3), ~~ = 0.25 )( 42.75 + 132.28 = 142.97~.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(~) 5111~~111~ 18~~03110 746 ~, /...00 = 15 )( 746/220 = 50.87 ~.‬‬

‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫~‪311031111‬‬ ‫‪~11~1111 01 3 0~ 100101‬‬ ‫‪18 ~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 111~ 0111()111 01 3 810~1~-()1138‬‬
‫‪~0011011~0‬‬ ‫‪1~~1111~1,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 311031111‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~311~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 ~(1)110‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~13)1‬‬ ‫~‪30~1‬‬
‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪~00~~11~1,‬‬ ‫‪~0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 101~~0-~0101011131~0‬‬ ‫~‪3~-0‬‬ ‫‪~00~~11~18‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫‪3180 0~ 118~0‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪110()10‬‬ ‫‪111~ ()0~~1‬‬ ‫‪13~101‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪1~011‬‬ ‫‪111~ 113110001~8.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪0381‬‬ ‫‪~11~1111‬‬

‫‪300‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪+‬‬

‫‪8~~918-()~358‬‬
‫‪~~~,‬‬ ‫)(‪8~~9~8-‬‬
‫~‪3‬‬
‫~~)()(~‪5‬‬ ‫)(~‪3~ 5‬‬
‫‪~81‬‬
‫‪~,‬‬

‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(18(~~111~111‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪(1 511181~-~11(15~ ~011~~(1~(-~~0‬‬ ‫‪5~~(1((11~1)1 ~)(~11~0 111010( 15 5110~11 111‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~18.‬‬ ‫‪10-6.‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪(1 10~ 0~1(1)1 (11181~, 111~ (1(111(1111(~ ~11((~111111(1)1 0~ 015~011611110115, (1110‬‬

‫‪11115 ~01110‬‬ ‫‪111~(~(15~ 111~ 1055~5 111111~ 111010(.‬‬ ‫‪~ 5111001111118111011~10(,‬‬ ‫‪1.,,,,, 15110(111(111)1‬‬
‫‪~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪111 5~(1~5‬‬ ‫~~‪~1111 111~ (1(111(1111(~ ~1(~1111 10 (~011‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (1~~1‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫‪10 (111‬‬
‫~‪(1~~~~1(101‬‬ ‫‪111(181111110~.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫(~‪~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪15 (1150 (1~~11~0‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ 11~10 ~1(~1111 10 ~0111(01‬‬
‫‪1/1~ ~1~10 ~11((~111 0)1 ~(1()11118 1/1~ 0~1(1)1 (11181~, 0./.‬‬ ‫‪0~~~1101118‬‬ ‫‪011 1/1~ 1)1~~ 0~ 511181~-‬‬
‫‪~/1(15~ ~011~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫~‪511181~-~/1(15‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~5‬‬ ‫‪111(1)10~ 511001~10~0‬‬ ‫~‪11110‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫~‪511181~-~/1(15‬‬ ‫(~‪11(11~-~(1~~-~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~5‬‬

‫‪2.‬‬ ‫~‪511181~-~/1(15‬‬ ‫(~‪5~1111~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~5‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫~‪511181~-~11(15‬‬ ‫(~‪~1111-~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~5‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫~‪511181~-~11(15‬‬ ‫(~‪011(11-~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~5‬‬

‫~‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪511181~-~/1(15‬‬
‫‪(1(111(1111(~ ~11((~11115‬‬
‫~~‪11(11~-~(1‬‬ ‫(~‪~011~~(1‬‬
‫‪(11~(1)15 015~011611110115‬‬
‫‪~~~05‬‬ ‫‪(1 0~ 111010( (15 5/10~11 111 ~18. 10-7(1.‬‬
‫~‪11111~55 (1 ~~()11(1(8‬‬
‫~‪1/1‬‬
‫‪111011~10( 15 ~01111~~1~0‬‬

‫‪111 1/1~ (1(111(1111(~ ~1(~1111.‬‬ ‫‪~ ~(~~~/1~~11118‬‬ ‫‪0100~ 15 (11~(1)15 (~~111(~0‬‬ ‫(‪~0( (1 0~ 111010‬‬
‫‪10(10 (1110 11 15 (1 011~-~11(10((1111 0(1~~,‬‬ ‫‪(15 5/10~11 111 ~18. 10-70.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫~‪(1~~11~(160115 0‬‬

‫~~‪1/115 0(1‬‬ ‫~~‪(1(~ 1111111~0 10 111~ ~-‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1~~~1.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1811‬‬ ‫~‪10-7‬‬ ‫‪5/10~5‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ ~(1~~~0(1115‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~~‪(1 1118/11)1111011~6‬‬ ‫‪10(10.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(~‪~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪111 1/1~ 11~10 ~1(~1111 5/101110‬‬ ‫‪0~ (1 5~1111-‬‬
‫‪~011~~(1~(.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~~‪11(11~-~(1‬‬ ‫(~‪~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪111 1/1~ ~1~10 ~1(~1111 ~01110‬‬ ‫~‪111~(~(15~ 1/1~ 111(1811~11‬‬
‫‪1055~5‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ 111010( 011~ 10 /118/1 (1~~1~ ~0111~111 011 1/1~ ~1~10 ~)(~11(111011 ~11((~111.‬‬
‫(~‪~11/1 (1 511181~-~11(15~ /1(11~-~(1~~ ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪111 1/1~ (1(111(1111(~ ~1(~1111, ~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(4-1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪81~~5‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ (1~~((18‬‬ ‫~‪(1(111(1111(~ ~011(18‬‬ ‫‪(15‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪17,,‬‬ ‫‪= ~~ (1 +‬‬ ‫)‪~05 0.,,‬‬ ‫)‪(10-13‬‬

‫~(~‪~/1‬‬ ‫~‪17,,, 15 1/1~ ~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪~011(18‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ (1~ 511~~1)1.‬‬ ‫‪~11/1‬‬ ‫(~‪(1 5~1111~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪111 1/1~ ~1~10‬‬
‫‪~1(~1111, ~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(4-5‬‬ ‫‪81~~5‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (1~~((18‬‬ ‫~‪~1~10 ~011(18‬‬ ‫‪(15‬‬

‫)‪(10-14‬‬

‫‪$8~. 10-3‬‬ ‫‪301‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪,,5‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬
‫‪,.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪,,.‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪,,.‬‬

‫~‬ ‫~‪5111~1~-~0(15‬‬ ‫(~‪5~1111~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪1~~05‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~(‪(1(111(110‬‬ ‫‪~1(~011‬‬ ‫‪(15 500~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-8(1.‬‬
‫‪1115 (1 011~-~0(10((1111‬‬ ‫~~‪0(1‬‬ ‫‪(15 500~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫)‪10-8/‬‬ ‫~‪(1110 15 1111111~0 10 (1~~11~(1110115 0‬‬
‫‪10 15 ~~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(~‪~011~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪11110‬‬ ‫‪11~10 ~1(~011‬‬ ‫‪500010‬‬ ‫‪(1150 /)~ (1 5~1111~011~~(1~(.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪~0((~111‬‬ ‫‪~(1~~10(1115‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪(1 01~01)111100~11‬‬ ‫‪10(10 (1(~ 500~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-8~.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~110‬‬
‫~~‪(1~~((1‬‬
‫~‪(1 5111~1~-~0(15‬‬
‫~~‪(1(111(110(~ .,,011(1‬‬
‫(~‪5~1111~011~~(1‬‬
‫‪(15‬‬
‫‪111 10~ (1(111(110(~ ~1(~011,‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(4-5‬‬ ‫~‪~1~~5 10‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‬
‫‪0~~.‬‬
‫(‪(~) 0~8(1~811‬‬

‫‪302‬‬
 ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫(~‪(1 5~1111~00~~(1‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪10 10~ 11~10 ~1(~011, ~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(4-5‬‬ ‫~~‪~1~~5 10~ (1~~((1~~ 11~10 ~011(1‬‬
‫‪(15‬‬

‫‪11,,,‬‬
‫‪11/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪~05 ~/‬‬ ‫)‪(10-16‬‬
‫‪70‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(1(111(110(~ ~011(1~~ 15 ~(1(1~0 0~ (1 510~1~-~0(15~ 1011-~(1~~ ~00~~(1~( (15 500~0 10‬‬
‫‪~1~. 10-9(1.‬‬ ‫‪11 15 (1 1~0-~0(10((101‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~ (15 500~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~. 10-90 (100 15 1111111~010‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(1~~11~(111005 0~ 10 15 ~~.‬‬ ‫(‪00(10~ (~~~0~((1110010‬‬ ‫(~~‪(~~~(510~ 10~ 01(~~1100 01 ~0‬‬
‫~‪110~, 10~ 0(1~~ ~11110110~ 111010( 15 (~~~(5~0 0~ (~~~(510~ 10~ 11~10 ~,.~11(11100. 10‬‬
‫~‪~00~~(1~( 10 10~ 11~10 ~1(~011 500010 0~ (111.111-~(1~~ ~00~~(1~( 10 (~~~(5~ 10~ ~01(1(11‬‬
‫‪0111~10 ~0((~01.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪~(1~~10(1115 10( (1 01~01~ 1001.1~11~~ 10(10 (1(~ 500~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫~‪~1~. 10-9~ 10( ~0~~(10‬‬ ‫~~‪(1~1100. ~ 9.5-‬‬ ‫~~‪40-~ 510~1~-~0(15~ 11.111-~00~~(1~( 0(1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪15 500~0 10 ~1~. 10-10, ~0~(~ 10~ ~0~~( 51(1~~ 15 00 10~ 0(1~~ 0110~ ~(10~1 (100 10‬‬
‫‪~001(01 51~0(115 (1(~ 1111~1~111~01~0 0~ (10(110~ ~1~~1(001~5.‬‬
‫)‪~110 (1 510~1~-~0(15~ 1011-~(1~~ ~00~~(1~( 10 10~ (1(111(111.1(~~1(~1.111,~~. (4-17‬‬
‫‪~1~~5 10~ (1~~((1~~ (1(111(111.1(~~011(1~~ (15‬‬

‫‪2..,,,‬‬
‫‪110 = -‬‬ ‫‪~05 ~0‬‬ ‫)‪(10-17‬‬
‫‪70‬‬

‫~‪~110 (1 510~1~-~0(15‬‬ ‫(~‪1011-~00~~(1‬‬ ‫‪10 10~ 11~10 ~1(~011, ~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(4-17‬‬ ‫‪~1~~5 10~ 11~10‬‬
‫‪~011(1~~ (15‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫= ‪11/‬‬
‫‪211,1.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫‪~05 ~/‬‬ ‫)‪(10-18‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪,,‬‬

‫‪- ~.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪(0) 0~30~3~1‬‬ ‫‪(~)~31/8/0~,.,,5‬‬

‫‪5€~.‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬ ‫‪303‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪..1~(1..~ 10-10‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~(‪9.5-/‬‬ ‫‪3.113.10~-03.5~0‬‬

‫‪5111~1~-~/13.5~ 1(111-~3..,~ 0(1.,~. (8.~~~0-‬‬
‫‪()/./~~() 0)1 ~~~171/55/0/1 01 8~/./5/1 ~/~~(~/~(1/‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~(1~/1//1~5‬‬ ‫‪~(().,‬‬ ‫))(‪~/18/(1/1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1~0 $10~1~-()03$~ ~1111-~3~~ ~00~~(1~($ 3(~ ~000~~1~0 35 500~010‬‬ ‫‪~1~. 10-11.‬‬ ‫(~‪~110‬‬
‫(~‪~00~~(1‬‬ ‫(~‪1 0()~(31~5 10 511()()1)1 3 ()05111~~ 3(1113111(~ ~0113~~, ~~, 0( ~00~~(1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫~~‪0()~(31~$ 10 511()()1)13 0~~311~~ 3(1113111(~ ~0113~~, - ~~. 1115 3 ~011(-()1130(301 0(1‬‬
‫‪300 ()~(11111$ ~011( 11100~5 0~ 0()~(31100~ ~0(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪()0~~(10~,‬‬ ‫‪~0(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪0(3~10~ ((~~~0-‬‬
‫‪~(31100), (~~~(5~ ()0~~(10~,‬‬ ‫‪300 (~~~(5~ 0(3~10~ ((~~~0~(31100).‬‬ ‫‪11 15 1111111~010‬‬
‫‪3()()11~311005 11() 10 15 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ()013(11)1 0~ ~1~10 ~11((~0115 (~~~(5~0‬‬ ‫‪011(10~ ~0(~3(0‬‬
‫‪300 (~~~(5~ (~~~0~(311005.‬‬ ‫(~‪10~ ~1~10 ~00~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪5001110 0~ 3 ~1111-~3~~ 00~ 10 3110‬‬
‫‪(~~~(510~ 10~ 01(~~1100 0~ ~1~10 ~11((~01.‬‬
‫(~‪1~ ~00~~(1‬‬ ‫‪10()~(31~5‬‬ ‫~‪~110 3 0~13)130~1‬‬ ‫)‪0~ (1~1, ~(). (4-31‬‬ ‫~‪~1~~510‬‬ ‫~(‪3(1113111‬‬
‫‪~0113~~ 35‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(~‪1~ ~00~~(1‬‬
‫‪~0113~~ 35‬‬
‫‪2 0()~(31~5‬‬ ‫‪~110 3 0~13)1 30~1~ 0~ (1~2, ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(4-32‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~~5 10~ 3(1113111‬‬
‫)‪(10-19‬‬

‫)‪(10-20‬‬

‫~(~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪(1~2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪70 -‬‬ ‫‪(1~1.‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫(~‪3 ~1111~00~~(1‬‬ ‫‪10 10~ ~1~10 ~1(~1111, ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(4-17‬‬ ‫‪~1~~5‬‬
‫~~‪10~ ~1~10 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫)‪(10-21‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪304‬‬
 ‫~‪~,.301()1‬‬ ‫‪10-2‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪111~ 5~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪01 3 5~~3(31~1‬‬ ‫(‪~)(~11~0 01010‬‬ ‫(~‪15 ~0111(011~0 0~ 3 5111~1~-~1135~ 5~011~011~~(1‬‬
‫‪111 ~1~. 10-83.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11~10 ~11((~111, ~111~1115 3150 ~0111(011~0 0~ 3 5~011~011~~(1~(,‬‬ ‫‪15 5~1‬‬
‫‪10 111~ (13)(1011101 ~055101~ ~3111~. 111~ 3~ 511~~1~ ~0113~~ 10 111~ 3(013111(~ 3110 11~10‬‬
‫‪~011~~(1~(5 15 011~-~1135~, 208 ~, 601-12.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 3(013111(~ (~5151311~~ 15 ~. = 0.25 0, 111‬‬
‫‪11~10 (~5151311~~ 15 ~/ = 1470,‬‬ ‫(‪3110 111~ 01010‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫~~ ‪~01151311115‬‬ ‫‪= 0.7032 ~/,6,.-‬‬
‫‪(30/5.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 1030 10(().11~ 15 1‬‬ ‫‪= 45 ~.01‬‬ ‫‪31 1000‬‬ ‫‪(~01.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~15~0115 1(1~11011 3110 110-‬‬
‫‪1030‬‬ ‫~(‪1055~5 3‬‬ ‫‪11~~11~101~.‬‬ ‫~(‪111~ 111011~1311~~5 01 111~ 3(013111‬‬ ‫~(‪3110 11~10 ~1(~11115 3‬‬
‫‪511111~1~111~11011~1110 013~~ 111~ 3(013111(~ 3110 11~10 ~11((~1115 ~01111111101153110 (1~~1~-1(~~.‬‬
‫~(‪0~1~(01111~ 111~ (3) 11~10 ~11((~111, 1/~ (0) 0~13~ 311~1~ 01111~ ~011~~(1~( 111111~ 3(013111‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫(~~‪~1(~1111, (1.~ 3110 (~) 111~111~0‬‬ ‫‪13~10( 01111~ 3(013111(~ ~1(~1111 ~011~~(1~(,‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬
‫‪)( 208 = 294.16~, ~. = 0.25 0, ~/ = 1470,‬‬ ‫)‪1,‬‬
‫‪801111100 115= 208 ~, 11,,,= -0‬‬
‫= ~~ ‪= 1~ = 45 ~.01,‬‬ ‫‪0.7032‬‬ ‫‪~/,6,.-(30/5,‬‬ ‫‪3110(0 = 100070/30 = 104.72 (30/5.‬‬
‫‪(3) ~(001‬‬ ‫‪~().. (10-16),‬‬ ‫‪111~ (13)(101110111~10‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫(‪(3110 ~11((~111) 15 0013111~0 10‬‬
‫‪3 0~13~ 311~1~ 01 (1/‬‬ ‫‪= 0 3110‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪211,,,‬‬ ‫()‪2‬‬ ‫‪294.16‬‬
‫‪11/ = -‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~ ‪187.27‬‬
‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬

‫‪187.27‬‬
‫= ~ = ‪1/‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 1. 27 4‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪~/‬‬ ‫‪147‬‬

‫‪(0) ~(001 ~().. (10-4),‬‬

‫= ‪1.‬‬ ‫~‪4‬‬ ‫‪50.23,6,.‬‬

‫= ‪~)/ = 0.7032 1.274‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~(001‬‬

‫‪~(001‬‬
‫‪~().. (10-2),‬‬

‫‪~().. (10-3),‬‬

‫‪93.82‬‬
‫‪~8 = ~~(01/‬‬

‫~(‪111~ 3(013111‬‬

‫‪+ 1.~.‬‬
‫‪= 0.7032‬‬

‫‪= 93.82‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬

‫‪+ 50.23‬‬
‫()‬

‫‪15‬‬
‫‪104.72‬‬

‫()‬
‫()‬
‫‪1.274‬‬

‫‪0.25 = 93.82‬‬
‫~ ‪= 93.82‬‬

‫~ ‪+ 12.56 = 106.38‬‬
‫= ‪11.‬‬
‫~‪)( (1 + ~05 (1.) 3110 11115~1~~5111~ 0~13‬‬
‫‪~(001‬‬ ‫‪~().. (10-15),‬‬ ‫)‪11. = 106.38 = (294.16/70‬‬
‫‪311~1~ 35 (1. = 82.20.‬‬
‫‪(~) 11111~ 3(013111(~ ~11((~11115 ~011513111 3110 (1~~1~-1(~~,‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ 0111~111 ~0‬‬ ‫‪15 ~0‬‬
‫()‬
‫= ‪= 11.1.‬‬ ‫‪106.38‬‬ ‫‪50.23‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪5343.5~.‬‬ ‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫‪1055~5‬‬ ‫~‪111111‬‬ ‫~(‪3(013111‬‬ ‫(~‪~011~~(1‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬
‫‪11~~1~~1~0, 111~ ~0~~( 1(001111~ 511~~1~ 15~. = ~0 = 5343.5~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (015111~111~11((~111‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪01111~ 3(013111(~ ~011~~(1~( 35 5110~11 111~1~. 10-8~ 15‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬

‫(‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫)‬ ‫) ~(‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(1.‬‬
‫‪153‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪2701~, 1~ ()6‬‬ ‫‪= 1.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(1801~082.2)1/2‬‬
‫‪= 50.23‬‬ ‫‪= 37.03,6,.‬‬
‫()‬
‫~(~~‪3110 111~ 111~111~011-301‬‬ ‫‪(31111~, ~1‬‬ ‫‪= 11/5.‬‬ ‫‪= 208‬‬ ‫‪37.03‬‬ ‫‪= 7702.24.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111()111‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪13~10(,‬‬

‫‪$8~.‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬ ‫‪305‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪~)(301()1‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬

‫~‪10.~ 5~~~0 01 3 5~~3(31~1~ ~)(~11~0 0~ 111010( 15 ~0111(011~0 0~ 3 5111~1~-~0.35~ 1111)-~3,,,‬‬

‫‪~011,,,~(1~( 111 ~1~. 10-93.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 11~10 ~1(~1111 15 3150 ~0111(011~0 0~ 3 11111~011,,,~(1~( 3110‬‬
‫‪10.~ 11~10 (1.1((~11115 5~110 10.~ 1113)(11111.1111‬‬
‫~‪~055101~ ,,,311.1~. 10.~ 3( 51.1~~1)1,,,0113~~ 10 10.‬‬
‫~~‪3(1113111(~ 3110 11~10 ~011,,,~(1~(5 15 011~-~0.35~, 440 ~, 60 1-(2. 10.~ 3(1113111(~ (~5151311‬‬
‫= ‪15 8.0‬‬ ‫‪0.25‬‬ ‫‪.0,‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 11~10 ~1(~1111 (~5151311~~ 15 8.,‬‬ ‫~~‪= 175 .0, 3110 10.~ 111010( ,,,0113‬‬
‫= ‪~01151311115 /(,.‬‬ ‫‪1.4 ~/~-(30/5.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫~‪3(1113111(~ ~11((~111 ~0((~5~0110111‬‬ ‫‪10 10.~ 1030‬‬
‫‪0~1113110 15 1~ = 45~.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ ,,,15~0115 1(1~11011 3110 110-1030‬‬ ‫‪1055~5 3(~ 11~~11~101~.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬
‫‪111011~1311~~50110.~ 3(1113111(~ 3110 11~10 ~1(~11115 3(~ 511111~1~11110 1113/(~ 10.~ 3(1113111(~ 3110‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪11~10 ~11((~1115 ~01111111101153110 (1~~1~-1(~~.‬‬ ‫(~‪1110.~ 0~13~ 311~1~ 0110.~ 3(1113111(~ ~011,,,~(1‬‬
‫‪15 ~~ = 600 3110 10.~ 3(1113111(~ ~11((~11115 /,,‬‬ ‫‪= 45 ~, 0~1~(111111~10.~ (3) 10(()11~ 0~,,,~10~~0‬‬
‫‪0)110.~ 111010(, 1(/~ (0) 5~~~0,‬‬ ‫(~~‪(11~3110 (~) 111~111~0‬‬ ‫~‪13~10( 0110.‬‬ ‫‪0(1,,,~, ~~.‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪80111~100‬‬ ‫‪1/5 = 440~,‬‬ ‫~ = ‪1/,,,‬‬ ‫‪440 = 622.25 ~, 8.~ = 0.25.0,8.,‬‬ ‫‪= 175.0,‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪= 600, 3110 /(,. = 1.4 ~/~-(30/5.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(3) ~(0111 8(). (10-16),‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 1113)(111111111‬‬
‫‪11~10 ,,,0113~~ (3110 ~11((~111) ~01110 0~ 00-‬‬
‫‪13111~0 10( 3 0~13~ 311~1~ 01 ~,‬‬ ‫‪= 0 3110‬‬
‫‪21/,,,‬‬ ‫‪2 )( 622.25‬‬
‫= ‪1/,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~ ‪= 396.14‬‬
‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬

‫‪1/,‬‬ ‫‪396.14‬‬
‫= ‪1,‬‬
‫= ‪8.,‬‬ ‫~ ‪175 = 2.26‬‬
‫‪~(0111 8().‬‬ ‫‪(10-4),‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 0~,,,~10~~0‬‬ ‫‪10(()11~ 15‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪1(/‬‬

‫‪~(0111 8().‬‬

‫‪1/0 = -‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫=‬ ‫~‪1‬‬

‫‪(10-17),‬‬

‫‪21/,,,‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫= ‪~05 60‬‬
‫()‪2‬‬
‫~‪= /(,)/‬‬ ‫‪= 1.4‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪2.26‬‬
‫‪10.~ 3(1113111(~ ,,,0113~~ 15‬‬

‫‪622 . 25‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪45‬‬

‫= ‪~05 600‬‬
‫‪142.4‬‬

‫‪198.07‬‬
‫‪~.111‬‬

‫~‬

‫()‬
‫(‪~/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1/0‬‬ ‫‪- 1~0 = 198.07 - 45‬‬ ‫‪0.25‬‬ ‫~ ‪186.82‬‬
‫‪~ (0111 8(). (10-2), 10.~ 5~~~0 15‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪186.82‬‬
‫‪(11‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪/(,),2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1. 4 )( 226‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪= 59.05 (30/5 0( 564 (~111‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(~) ~5511111111~ 10551~55 ~011,,,~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫(~~‪10.~ 10131111~111 ~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 10.~ 511~~1)115‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~ ‪/1, = 11010+ 1/,1, = 198.07 )( 45 + 396.14 )( 2.26 = 9808.4‬‬

‫~‪10.~ 111~111~11((~111 0110.‬‬ ‫‪3(1113111(~ ~011,,,~(1~( 10( 3 0.1~0.1)1111011~11,,,~ 1030 15 50.0~11 111‬‬
‫‪~1~. 10-90 3110 115 (1115 ,,,3111~ 15 150 = 10 = 45~.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ (1115 ,,,3111~ 0110.~ 111~111~11((~111‬‬
‫‪0111~10 ~011,,,~(1~( 15 15, = 1, = 2.26~.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ ~11~~11,,,~ (1115 511~~1)1 ~11((~111 ~311 0~ 101.1110‬‬
‫‪1(0111‬‬

‫‪306‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫()‬
‫‪~110 10~ 111~01 ,,,011-~111~~1~ 1~1111~, ~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~,/,‬‬ ‫‪= 440‬‬ ‫‪45.06‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪19,826.4.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪111~01‬‬
‫‪~0~~1‬‬ ‫‪1~~101,‬‬

‫‪.,~ = ~, = 9808.4‬‬ ‫)~‪0.495 (1~~~111‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪19,826.4‬‬

‫‪~,.3111()1~ 10-4‬‬

‫~‪1110‬‬ ‫~‪~01~111~ 0110‬‬ ‫~‪1110101 1.1~~)( ~1111111 ~,.~111~1‬‬ ‫‪10-3 15 1~,,,~15~0‬‬ ‫~‪1.1~ 1~,,,~15111~ (0‬‬
‫‪~01~11(~ 01 (0~ 11~10 ~011~11(, 0~(~1111111~ (0~ (~) 0~1~~ ~11~1~ 01 (0~ 11~10 ~11~011 ~011,,,~11~1,‬‬
‫~‪~6 (1.1) 0~1~~ ~11~1~ 01 (0~ ~1111~(01~ ~11~011 ~011,,,~11~1, ~,,, 10 111~111(~11110~ ~1111~(01‬‬
‫‪~011~111 ~01151~11( ~1 (0~ 5~111~ ,,,~10~ 01/,,‬‬ ‫‪= 45 ~~ ~110 (~) ~0~~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪1.1~~)( (0 (0~ 50~~1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪00‬‬ ‫~‪10 1~~~11~1~(1,,,~ 1.11~)(111~0110‬‬ ‫‪1110101.‬‬

‫‪801011011‬‬ ‫‪(~) ~10111 ~().‬‬ ‫‪(10-18),‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~01~111~ 01 (0~ 11~10 ~011~11( ~0010‬‬ ‫‪1.1~ 1~,,,~15~0‬‬
‫‪11‬‬

‫‪2~,,,‬‬ ‫‪2 )( 622.25‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~( = -‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬ ‫‪~/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~05 ~/ = -396.14‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬

‫‪~110 1015 ~1,,,~5 10~ 0~1~~ ~11~1~ ~5 ~( = 1800.‬‬

‫~‪(1.1) ~10111 ~~1( (1.1) 01 ~)(~111~1~ 10-3, 10~ 1.1~~)( ~1111~((0‬‬ ‫‪11111~01 ~01~11(~ 1~,,,~15~1‬‬
‫‪158.8‬‬ ‫‪= 186.82 ~ ~110 ~11~1 ~01~11(~ 1~,,,~15~1 8.8 = -186.82~.‬‬ ‫‪~10111 ~(). (10-3),‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪~,, = 8.,, + /)(,‬‬ ‫‪= -186.82‬‬ ‫‪+ 45‬‬ ‫‪0.25 = -175.57‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪~10111 ~().‬‬ ‫‪(10-17),‬‬

‫‪2~,,,‬‬ ‫‪2 )( 622.25‬‬

‫‪~,, = -‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬ ‫‪~,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~ ‪~05 ~,, = - 175.57‬‬
‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫= ‪~110 (015 ~1~105 10~ 0~1~~ ~11~1~ 01 (0~ ~1111~101~ ~011,,,~11~1 ~5 ~,,‬‬

‫‪1-10(€.‬‬
‫~‪31111.1101‬‬
‫~‪111~ 0~13‬‬
‫‪(~) 10~ ~0~~1 1~0 1.1~~)(10 (0~ 50~~1~, ~,, = ~),,‬‬

‫‪111~ 5~~~0‬‬
‫‪~011~111‬‬ ‫‪15 10‬‬
‫~‪311~1~ 01111‬‬
‫(‪3110 03~/‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬
‫~‪~1111 01111‬‬
‫‪111311113111~0‬‬
‫~‪311113101‬‬
‫‪~011513111‬‬
‫‪~011,,,~11~11135‬‬
‫~‪1110101 ~111 0~~1~35‬‬
‫‪31 1(1‬‬
‫‪10 0~ 1~00~~0.‬‬
‫‪= 175.57‬‬
‫‪116.380.‬‬
‫()‬

‫‪= 45 ~ 001111~ 1~~~11~136011,‬‬

‫‪11115 ~0010‬‬
‫‪45 = 7900. 7 ~.‬‬
‫‪~111111111~.‬‬ ‫~‪11111‬‬

‫~‪1~((011‬‬
‫~‪3 ~105~0-100‬‬ ‫‪~011110110‬‬ ‫~‪111311113111 111~ 311113101‬‬ ‫‪~011~111‬‬ ‫~‪~011513111 3110 10 (0)051111‬‬
‫~‪0~13‬‬ ‫‪311~1~ ~01161100051~.‬‬

‫~‪111~ 311113101‬‬ ‫‪~11~01115‬‬ ‫‪~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 001~111‬‬ ‫‪013‬‬ ‫~‪1111~~-~1135‬‬ ‫‪~01111011~0 1~~1111~1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪3 101~~0-~011111111131~0‬‬ ‫~‪1111~~-~1135‬‬ ‫~‪3~-0‬‬ ‫‪~011,,,~11~1.‬‬ ‫~‪1111~~-~1135‬‬ ‫~‪011,,,~5 31‬‬
‫‪1~,,,~1.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪11~~1‬‬ ‫‪11~-‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪05~0‬‬ ‫‪101 111~11-~0~~1‬‬ ‫‪3~~11~360115‬‬ ‫‪11~ 10 111~~3~3115‬‬ ‫‪~0~~1‬‬

‫~‪((11~11~~ 01111‬‬ ‫~~‪3111131111~ ,,,0113‬‬ ‫~‪15 111~11~1 111311 11131 01 5111~1~-~1135‬‬ ‫‪011,,,~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 11‬‬
‫‪1~((1111~5‬‬ ‫~~‪1~55 111011~1311‬‬ ‫~‪111 111~ 3111131111‬‬ ‫‪~11~011‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪1~011‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 3111131111‬‬ ‫~‪11~~1‬‬
‫‪~1111~111.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪3111131111‬‬ ‫~‪~1111~111 15 1110511~ ~0111111110115, 3110 111~1~101‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1110101‬‬
‫~~‪~~1101111311‬‬ ‫‪15 0~11~1‬‬ ‫‪~0111~31~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 11131 01 5111~1~-~1135‬‬ ‫‪011,,,~5.‬‬ ‫~‪511111131 10 111‬‬
‫~‪5111~1~-~1135‬‬ ‫~‪011,,,~5, 1111~~-~1135‬‬ ‫‪011,,,~5‬‬ ‫‪1113~ 3150‬‬ ‫‪0~ 511001,,,10~0‬‬ ‫~‪11110‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫~‪1111~~-~1135‬‬ ‫‪11311-~3,,,~-~011,,,~11~1‬‬ ‫‪011,,,~5‬‬

‫‪58~. 10-4‬‬ ‫‪307‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪2. 10...~~-()0.~8‬‬ ‫‪8~011~00~~..1~.. 0..1~~8‬‬
‫~‪3. 10...~~-()0.~8‬‬ ‫‪~1111-~00~~..1~.. 0..1~~8‬‬
‫~‪4. 10...~~-()0.~8‬‬ ‫‪011~1-~00~~..1~.. 0..1~~8‬‬

‫‪~ 10...~~-()0.~8~ 0.~1~-~~~~ ~00~~..1~..-~~0 0~ 01010.. 0..1~~ 18 ~ 1~0-~11~0..~01 0..1~~ ~00‬‬

‫~~‪~01110 0~ 118~0 10 ~()()11~~11008 11() 10 ~ 40-‬‬ ‫‪()0~~.. 1~~~1. 10.~ ~1~10 ~00~~..1~..‬‬
‫‪~01110 0~ ~ 810~1~-()0.~8~ 0.. 10...~~-()0.~8~ 8~011~00~~..1~...‬‬ ‫‪10.18 0..1~~ 18 001 00..01~11)1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪118~0 10 1001181..1~1 ~()()11~~11008 0~~~118~ 10.~ ~~ 811()()1)1~001~108 0~ ~001()00~018.‬‬
‫)‪~110. ~ 10...~~-()0.~8~ 0.~1~-~~~~ ~00~~..1~.. 10 10.~ ~..01~111..~ ~1..~1111, ~~. (4-51‬‬
‫‪~1~~8 10.~ ~..01~111..~ ~011~~~ ~8‬‬
‫‪301/,,,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫= ‪1/,,‬‬ ‫‪~08 ~,,‬‬ ‫‪~0.. 0 ~ ~,, ~ 10‬‬ ‫)‪(10-22‬‬
‫‪210‬‬

‫‪~0.~..~ 1/,,, 18 10.~ ()~~~ ~011~~~ 0~ ~ )1-~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫~ ‪10...~~-()0.~8~ ~~ 811()()1)1. ~110.‬‬

‫‪10...~~-()0.~8~ 8~011~00~~..1~.. 10 10.~ ~1~10 ~1..~1111,~~. (4-54) ~1~~8 10.~ ~1~10 ~011~~~ ~8‬‬

‫‪301/,,,‬‬
‫‪1/,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(1 + ~08 ~,‬‬ ‫)‪(10-23‬‬
‫‪210‬‬

‫‪~ 10...~~-()0.~8~ 8~011~00~~..1~..-~~0‬‬ ‫‪0..1~~ 18 ~ 00~-~11~0..~01‬‬ ‫‪0..1~~ ~00 18 110111~0 10‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~()()11~~11008 11() 10 115 ~~.‬‬
‫‪10...~~-()0.~8~ 8~011~00~~..1~...‬‬
‫‪~110.‬‬
‫‪10.~ ~1~10 ~00~~..1~.. 80.01110 ~180 0~ ~ 810~1~-()0.~8~ 0..‬‬

‫‪~ 10...~~-()0.~8~ 8~011~00~~..1~..‬‬

‫‪10.~ ~..01~111..~ ~011~~~ ~8‬‬
‫‪10 10.~ ~..01~111..~ ~1..~1111, ~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(4-54‬‬ ‫‪~1~~8‬‬

‫‪301/,,,‬‬
‫= ‪1/,,‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫)‪+ ~08 ~,,‬‬ ‫)‪(10-24‬‬
‫‪210‬‬

‫‪~110. ~ 10...~~-()0.~8~ 8~011~00~~..1~..‬‬ ‫‪10 10.~ ~1~10 ~1..~1111, ~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(4-54‬‬ ‫‪~1~~8 10.~ ~1~10‬‬
‫‪~011~~~ ~8‬‬

‫)‪(10-25‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~ 10...~~-()0.~8~ ~1111-~~~~ ~00~~..1~.. 0..1~~ 18 ~ 1~0-~11~0..~01‬‬ ‫‪0..1~~ ~00 18 110111~0 10‬‬
‫‪~()()11~~11008 11() 10 1500 ~~.‬‬ ‫~‪1)11..10~ ..~~~0~..~1100 ~0.. ..~~~..810~ 10.~ 01..~~1100 0‬‬
‫‪()0~~.. 00~, 10.~ 0~~~ ~01~ 0~ 10.~ 01010.. 18 ..~~~..8~0 0)1 ..~~~..810~ 10.~ 11~10 ~)(~11~1100.‬‬
‫‪10.~ ~00~~..1~.. 10 10.~ ~1~10 ~1..~111180.01110 0~ ~ 810~1~- 0.. 10...~~-()0.~8~ ~1111~00~~..1~..‬‬
‫‪10 ..~~~..8~ 10.~ ()01~..11)1 0~ ~1~10 ~11 ~01.‬‬ ‫~~‪~ 68-‬‬ ‫‪170-~ 011~..0()..0~~880..-0~8~0‬‬
‫‪10...~~-()0.~8~ ~1111-~00~~..1~.. 0~ 0..1~~ 18 80.0~0 10 ~1~. 10-12, ~0.~..~ 10.~ ()0~~.. 8~011-‬‬
‫‪~00011~10.. 81~~~8 ~..~ ~110.~ 0~~~ 0~ 10.~ ()~0~1.‬‬

‫‪308‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~1111‬‬
‫~(‪81.,,~5 111~ 3((11(110‬‬

‫‪~1111‬‬
‫~‪.,,01138‬‬
‫~‪3 111(~~-111135‬‬
‫‪35‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪(1 111(~~-111135‬‬
‫~‪.,,01138‬‬

‫~~‬ ‫=‬
‫~‪1011-~3.,,‬‬
‫‪35‬‬

‫‪30~111‬‬

‫(~‪1011 ~011.,,~(1‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫(~‪~011.,,~(1‬‬

‫~~ ‪~05‬‬
‫~‪1/1~0..‬‬
‫‪035~0‬‬
‫‪~70(./~~~(./‬‬

‫~ ‪10( 0‬‬

‫‪111 111~ 11~10 ~1(~011,‬‬

‫‪10-12‬‬

‫~ ~~‬

‫‪~~.‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‪111(~~-))1135‬‬

‫‪10‬‬
‫~(‪68-/‬‬

‫)‪(4-57‬‬
‫‪011~(0))(0~~550(-‬‬
‫‪(011 ~011,,,~(1~(.‬‬
‫‪0)1 ~~7/1115510/1 0/ 137~,,‬‬
‫)‪(71~(1/ /.1(1~,,1/1~5 1-((./., ~/18/(1/1(./‬‬

‫~(‪111 111~ 3((11310‬‬ ‫‪~1(~011,‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬

‫‪81.,,~5‬‬
‫‪(~~-‬‬
‫‪~/~~-‬‬

‫)‪(4-57‬‬

‫)‪(10-26‬‬

‫‪111~ 11~10‬‬

‫)‪(10-27‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫~‪111(~~-111135~ 1011-~3.,,‬‬ ‫‪~011.,,~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪3(~ ~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪35 111 ~18. 10-143.‬‬ ‫(~‪~1111‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫(~‪~011.,,~(1‬‬ ‫‪1 011~(31~5‬‬ ‫~(‪10 5011111)1 3 1105111.,,~ 3((11310‬‬ ‫‪.,,011(18~,‬‬ ‫(~‪~~, 0( ~011.,,~(1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫~‪0(1.,,‬‬
‫~(‪011~(31~5 10 5011111)1 3 11~8311.,,~ 3((11310‬‬ ‫‪.,,01138~,‬‬ ‫‪- ~~.‬‬ ‫‪1115 3 100(-~030(3111‬‬
‫‪3110 15 11(1111~0 10 3111111~3110115 011 10 1500 /(~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11013(11)1 01 11~10 ~0((~111‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪(~.,,~(5~0‬‬ ‫‪00(111810(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪3110 (~.,,~(5~ (~8~11~(3110115.‬‬ ‫‪51(11113( 10 511181~-111135~ 0(1.,,~5,‬‬

‫(~‪111~ 11~10 ~011.,,~(1‬‬ ‫‪5110010‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪1011-~3.,,‬‬ ‫~‪10 3110‬‬ ‫‪(~.,,~(51118‬‬ ‫‪111~ 01(~~11011‬‬ ‫‪01 11~10‬‬
‫‪~0((~111.‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‪12-11015‬‬ ‫~‪3~-0‬‬ ‫(~‪~011.,,~(1‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~(‪3 360-/‬‬ ‫(‪(11010‬‬ ‫‪10( 0(1.,,1118 3 ~~(11~111 /(1111 15‬‬
‫‪5110~11111‬‬ ‫‪~18.‬‬ ‫‪10-13,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1(0111~5‬‬ ‫‪3(~ (1100111~0‬‬ ‫~‪011111~ ~001~1‬‬ ‫(‪000‬‬

‫‪5€~. 10-4‬‬ ‫‪309‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~~‪3110 1/1~ ~1115~ 011‬‬
‫~‪~001111‬‬
‫‪0~13)1‬‬

‫‪11 ~011~~11~1‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪311~1~ 01 ~01,‬‬

‫~~‪3111131111~ ~0113‬‬
‫‪2 0~~131~5‬‬
‫‪35‬‬
‫‪003105‬‬
‫~‪13115 31~ 111011111~0 311/1‬‬
‫‪~()..‬‬

‫‪~(/‬‬ ‫=‬
‫~‪31~ 111011111~0 011 1/1~ 110111 011/1‬‬

‫)‪(4-57‬‬

‫‪30~/,1‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪~1~~5‬‬
‫‪01 ~3~/1‬‬
‫~~‪1/1~ 3~~13‬‬

‫‪~05‬‬ ‫‪~01‬‬
‫‪513~/(.‬‬

‫)‪~11/1 3 0~13)1 311~1~ 01 ~02, ~().. (4-57‬‬

‫‪..)~11..~ 10-13‬‬
‫(~‪(011.,,~(1‬‬
‫‪/1~,/11/5.~/0/1‬‬
‫‪1.-(0.,‬‬ ‫)‪~/115/(//10‬‬

‫‪11 ~011~~11~1‬‬
‫~~‪3111131111~ ~0113‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~~‪360-‬‬
‫‪~0( 0( 0(1.,,~5.‬‬
‫‪01 8,115/1‬‬

‫‪1/1)1115101 513~/(5.‬‬
‫‪1 0~~131~5‬‬
‫‪35‬‬
‫(‪12-()11)5~ 3.(-0‬‬
‫‪(~~/1,0011(..~0‬‬
‫‪~/~(.(,/~(//‬‬

‫~~‪~1~~5 1/1~ 3~~13‬‬

‫‪~11/1 3‬‬

‫)‪(10-28‬‬
‫))‪0‬‬
‫‪/(1(/(/1//1~5‬‬

‫~‪1/1‬‬

‫)‪(10-29‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~11/1‬‬ ‫~‪3 1/11~~-~/135‬‬ ‫‪11111 ~011~~11~1‬‬ ‫‪111 1/1~ 11~10 ~11~1111, ~()..‬‬ ‫)‪(4-57‬‬ ‫‪~1~~5‬‬ ‫~~‪1/1~ 3~~13‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~~‪11~10 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫)‪(10-30‬‬

‫~‪~,.3(11))1‬‬ ‫‪10-5‬‬

‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪01 3 20-11‬‬ ‫~ ‪300-‬‬ ‫‪1800-1~111‬‬ ‫‪5~~3131~1)1‬‬ ‫‪~)(~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪111010,‬‬ ‫‪15 (0111,011~0‬‬ ‫‪())1 3‬‬
‫~‪(/11~~-~/135‬‬ ‫‪11111-(011,,,~11~1‬‬ ‫‪011,,,~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪11~10 (1111~11115‬‬ ‫‪3150‬‬ ‫‪(01111011~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 3 1111~~-~/135‬‬
‫‪11111-(011,,,~11~1‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫~‪15 5~1 10 1/1~ (113)(111111111 ~055101‬‬ ‫‪,,,3111~.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫(‪3‬‬ ‫‪(11))111 15 3 1/11~~-‬‬

‫‪310‬‬
 ‫‪))1135~ ~ -(01111~(1~0‬‬ ‫~‪ 111‬ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪208- ~ 60-1-12 511))))1~.‬‬ ‫~(‪3.1113111.~ .~5151311‬‬ ‫‪15 /(,‬‬ ‫‪= 0.25‬‬ ‫‪1~,‬‬
‫‪111~ 11~10 .~5151311(~ 15 8./ = 245 11, 3110 111~111010. .,,0113~~ (01151311115/(,. = 1.2 ~//1..-‬‬
‫‪.30/5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 3.1113111.~ 3110 11~10 (11..~1115 (311 0~ 35511111~0 10 0~ (01111111101153110 .1))))1~-‬‬
‫‪1.~~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ .,,15(01151.1(110111511~~11~101~.‬‬ ‫~‪1)~1~.111111~ 111~ (3) 0~13~ 311~1~ 01.111~ 3.1113111.‬‬
‫‪(011.,,~.1~.,‬‬ ‫‪~,,, 11111~ 111010. 511))))11~5 111~ .31~0 ))0~~.‬‬ ‫‪31 111~ .31~0 5))~~0 ~ (0) 110-1030‬‬
‫‪5))~~0 11111~ 0~13~ 311~1~5 3.~ 111~ 53111~ 35111 ))3.1 (3) 3110 111~ 3.1113111.~ (11..~111 31 110-‬‬
‫‪103015 10% 01111~ .31~0 .,,3111~~ 3110 (() 5))~~0 .~~111311011.‬‬

‫‪80101100‬‬ ‫= ‪8.,, = 0.25 0, 8., = 245 11, /(,, = 1.2 ~/ /1 30/5, 1//. = 208 ~, 3110 (0‬‬
‫‪180010/30‬‬ ‫‪= 188.5 .30/5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ))1135~ .,,0113~~ 15 1/,, = 1/~/0‬‬ ‫‪= 208/0‬‬ ‫‪= 120 ~ 3110‬‬
‫‪1/,,, = 120 )( 0‬‬ ‫‪= 169.7~.‬‬ ‫~‪5111(~ 1 (1))15 ~()1131 10 746 ~, 111~ .31~0 3.1113111.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫()‬
‫‪(11..~11115 1,,,.0., = 20‬‬ ‫‪746/300‬‬ ‫‪= 49.73 /1..~ 3110 10.1113)(111111111))055101~ 11~10 (11..~111,‬‬
‫= ‪~/‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪~.0111‬‬ ‫‪8().‬‬ ‫‪(10-27),‬‬
‫‪169.7‬‬
‫‪1//‬‬ ‫‪= 3‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 280.7‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪280.7‬‬
‫= ‪1/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 1.146/1..‬‬
‫‪8./‬‬ ‫‪245‬‬

‫‪(3) 1,, = 1,3.00 = 49.73‬‬ ‫‪/1.. 3110‬‬

‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫~‪~~ = /(,1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪1.146‬‬ ‫‪188.5‬‬ ‫‪= 259.2‬‬ ‫~‬

‫()‬
‫‪1/,, = 259.2 + /,,8.,, = 259.2 + 49.73‬‬ ‫~ ‪0.25 = 271.63‬‬
‫‪~.0111 8().‬‬ ‫‪(10-26),‬‬

‫‪301/,,,‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫()‬

‫‪169.7‬‬
‫‪1/,, = 271.63‬‬ ‫= ‪(05 ~,,‬‬ ‫‪(05 ~,,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪3110 11115~1.,,~5 111~ 0~13~ 311~1~ 35 ~,, = 14.590.‬‬
‫‪(0) 1,, = 10% 0149.73‬‬

‫‪~.0111 8().‬‬
‫‪= 4.973/1..‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬

‫‪~. = 1/,, - 8.,,1,, = 271.63 - 0.25‬‬

‫‪(10-2),‬‬ ‫‪111~ 110-1030 5))~~0 15‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪4.973‬‬ ‫~ ‪270.39‬‬

‫‪(00‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪~~, / = 1.2)(270.391.146‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪196.62.30/5‬‬ ‫‪196.62‬‬ ‫‪)( 30‬‬
‫‪10 = 1877.58 .))111.‬‬
‫‪(() 111~ 5))~~0 .~~111311011 15 0~1111~0 35‬‬

‫‪110-1030‬‬ ‫‪5))~~0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪11111-1030 5))~~0‬‬ ‫_‬ ‫‪1877.58‬‬ ‫‪1800‬‬

‫‪11111-1030 5))~~0‬‬ ‫‪1800‬‬
‫‪= 0.043 0.‬‬ ‫‪4.3%‬‬
‫‪~)(3111()1~ 10-6‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪111~ 5))~~0‬‬ ‫‪01 3 20-(1)) 300- ~ 900-.))111 5~))3.31~1~ ~)((11~0 0( 111010. 15 (0111.011~0 0~ 3‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪111.~~-))1135~ 11111(011.,,~.1~..‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11~10 (1.(1111 15 3150 (0111.011~0 0~ 3 111.~~-))1135~ 11111‬‬

‫‪(011.,,~.1~..‬‬ ‫‪111~ 3( 111))11110 111~ 3.1113111.~ 3110 11~10 (011.,,~.1~.5 15 111.~~-))1135~, ~-‬‬
‫‪(01111~(1~0,‬‬ ‫‪208 ~, 60 1-12. 111~ 3.1113111.~ .~5151311(~ 15 8.,,‬‬
‫‪= 0.25 11. 111~ 11~10 (1.(1111‬‬
‫‪.~5151311(~ 15 8., = 14511, 3110 111~111010..,,0113~~ (01151311115/(,. = 1.2 ~//1‬‬ ‫~‪30/5. 111‬‬
‫‪.,,15(0115 1.1(11011 3110 110-1030 1055~5 (311 0~ (011510~.~0‬‬ ‫‪11~~11~101~. 111~ 3.1113111.~ 3110‬‬
‫~‪11~10 (11..~1115 3.‬‬ ‫‪(01111111101153110 .1))))1~-1.~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬ ‫‪11111~ 11~10 (011.,,~.1~.‬‬ ‫‪15 0))~.31~0‬‬
‫‪31111~ 1113)(111111111‬‬
‫‪11~10 (11..~111 3110 111~ 0~.,,~10))~0‬‬ ‫‪10.()11~ 15 1,) = 116 ~.111 31 900 .))111,‬‬

‫‪58~. 10-4‬‬ ‫‪311‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~~‪0~1~1111111~ 111~ 0~1‬‬ ‫‪~11~1~ 0( 111~ ~1111~1111~ ~011~~11~1, ~~.‬‬ ‫‪(0) 1( 111~(1~10 ~11~1111‬‬
‫‪~011~~11~1 15 5~1 (01 111~ 111~)(111111111‬‬
‫‪(1~10 ~1111~111, 111~ 0~~~10()~0‬‬ ‫‪101~11~ 15 1./ = 116‬‬
‫~‪~.111, ~110 111~ 0~1~~ ~11~1~ 0( 111~ ~1111~1111~ ~011~~11~1 15 ~0 = 0, 0~1~1111111‬‬ ‫‪111~5()~~0‬‬
‫~‪0( 111~ 1110101. (~) ~01111~ 5~111~ 10~0 0~111~110 ~5111 ()~11 (0), 0~1~1111111~ 111~ 0~1~~ ~11~1‬‬
‫(‪0( 111~ (1~10 ~011~~11~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5()~~0‬‬ ‫‪11~5 10 0~ 111~1~~5~0 10 1800 1()111.‬‬

‫‪8010(100‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪= 0.25‬‬ ‫‪0,‬‬ ‫= ‪~1‬‬ ‫‪145 0,‬‬ ‫= ~(‪/‬‬ ‫‪1.2 ~/~-1~0/5,‬‬ ‫= ~‪~110 ~1‬‬ ‫‪208~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~‪()11~5~~011~~~ 15 ~,, = 208/‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪= 120 ~ ~110 ~,,, = 0‬‬ ‫‪120 = 169.7 ~.‬‬
‫‪(~) 1,/ = 116 ~.111 ~110 0.) = 90070/30 = 94.25 1~0/5. ~01111~)(111111111‬‬
‫‪(1~10 ~1111~111,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~1 = 0. ~10111 ~~. (10-27),‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪169.7‬‬
‫=‪~1‬‬ ‫~‪=280.7‬‬
‫‪70‬‬

‫‪280.7‬‬
‫= ‪11‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 1.936‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪145‬‬
‫‪~10111 ~~. (10-4),‬‬

‫‪1,/‬‬ ‫‪116‬‬
‫()‪10 = .-- = .‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 49.93‬‬
‫‪~11‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1.9 36‬‬

‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫~)(‪~8 = /‬‬ ‫‪= 1.2‬‬ ‫‪1.936‬‬ ‫‪94.25‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 218.96‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪~0 = ~8 + 1~0 = 218.96 + 49.93‬‬ ‫~ ‪0.25 = 231.44‬‬

‫‪~10111 ~~. (10-26),‬‬

‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪169.7‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~~‪~110 111~ 0~1‬‬ ‫‪~11~1~ 15 ~0‬‬
‫‪(0) ~0 = 0 ~110‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫=‪= 231.44‬‬

‫‪= 34.460.‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫()‬
‫~‬
‫()‬
‫‪169.7‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫‪~05‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬

‫= ‪~0‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 280.7‬‬
‫‪70‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪~8‬‬ ‫‪= 280.7‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪49.93‬‬ ‫~ ‪0.25 = 268.22‬‬

‫‪268.22‬‬
‫)‪0.‬‬
‫‪= 1.2‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪= 115.36 1~0/5‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪1101.61()111‬‬
‫‪1.936‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(~) 0.) = 180070/30 = 188.5 1~0/5‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪~8 = 268.22 ~ = 1.2‬‬ ‫‪188.5‬‬ ‫‪11 01‬‬ ‫~ ‪11 = 1.186‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪~1 = 1.186‬‬ ‫~ ‪145 = 171.97‬‬

‫‪~10111 ~~. (10-27),‬‬

‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪169.7‬‬
‫‪~1 = 171.97‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~05 ~1‬‬
‫‪70‬‬

‫‪312‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~/10~~~.. 0..1~~5 3..~ ~10~1~ 115~0 10 1..3~1100 3~~11~311005 311 0~~.. 1/1~ ~0..10.‬‬ ‫~‪~ 0‬‬
‫‪~/10~~~.. 15 ~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪3 11)(~0-~0113~~ 0~ 5011..~~ 300 3 0~ 111010.. 10 ~3..‬‬
‫‪1/1~ 3..1113111..~~0113~~.‬‬ ‫‪10 30011100 10 3..1113111..~~0113~~ ~001..01, 3 0~ ~/10~~~.. ~30‬‬
‫~‪~..0~10~ ..~~~0~..311~~ 0..3/(10~ 01 1/1~ 111010..5 300 ~30 ..~111..0 ~0~..~~ 03~/( 10 1/1‬‬
‫~‪511~~1~. 1/115 ~0~..~~-53~10‬‬ ‫‪1~3111..~ 15 ~3..11~1113..1~ 311..3~11~~ 10 1..305~0..131100 5~5-‬‬
‫‪1~1115 ~11/1 1..~~11~01 510~5 (~.~., 111355 ..3~10 1..30511 (~~1)).‬‬ ‫~‪~/10~~~.. 0..1~~5 3..‬‬
‫‪3150 115~0 10 0311~..~ ~1~~1..1~ ~~/11~1~5 ()3~~5).‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~‪111/1~ 511~~1~ 15 000..~~~~11~~ 011..10~ 1/1~ ..~~~0~..311~~ 0..3/(10~, 1/1~ 110~ ~0113‬‬
‫‪~01110 10~..~35~ 300 ..~~~0~..311~~ 0..3/(10~ 1113~ 001 0~ ~055101~.‬‬ ‫‪10 1/115 ~35~, 30‬‬
‫‪311~..0311~~ 10..111 01 0..3/(10~ 15 0~~~553..~ (~.~., ../1~051311~ 0..3/(10~).‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ ~055101‬‬
‫~~‪~001..0111100~5 01 3 0~ ~/10~~~.. 0..1~~ 3..‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪~0~~.. (3~~~1~..31100) ~001..01‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫~~‪~~~~0~..311‬‬ ‫‪0..3/(~ ~001..01‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪~/1~051311~ 0..3/(~ ~001..01‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪~0111010~0 ..~~~0~..311~~ 300 ../1~051311~ 0..3/(~ ~001..01‬‬

‫‪1/1~ ~/10~~~.. 15 115~0 10 ~001..011/1~ 3..1113111..~ ~0113~~ 01 3 0~ 111010... 1/1~ ~1..~1111‬‬

‫‪3 30~~111~01 013 ~/10~~~..-1~0 0~ 5~..1~5 111010..15 5/10~010 ~1~. 10-143.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ ~/10~~~..‬‬
‫‪5~11~/1 ~01110 0~ 3 1..3051510.. 0.. 10..~~0-~011111111131~0 1/1~..1510.. ~/10~~~.., 35 015~1155~0‬‬
‫‪10 5~~1100 7-7.‬‬ ‫‪1/115 15 3 00~-~1130..301‬‬ ‫‪0..1~~, 35 5/10~0 10 ~1~. 10-140.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~3~~10..1115 10.. 1/1~ 3..1113111..~~0113~~, 1030 ~11 ~01, 300 10~111 ~11 ~01 3..~ 5/10~0 10‬‬
‫‪~1~. 10-14~,‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫‪3551111110~3 /11~/11~ 10011~11~~ 1030.‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪0,,,‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪~5‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~..-‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~5‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪..-‬‬

‫~‬ ‫~‪~0‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬

‫‪0~~.‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫(‪(0) 0~8(1~811‬‬

‫‪58~. 10-5‬‬ ‫‪313‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~~‪111~ 3~~(3‬‬ ‫‪3(111310(~ ~0113~~ 15‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪= /(~,‬‬ ‫)‪( 10-31‬‬

‫)‪(10-32‬‬
‫~~‪~11~(~ /0 15 111~ 3~~(3‬‬ ‫‪3(111310(~ ~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪01111~ 111010( 300‬‬ ‫‪11 15 (11=11=11~-1(~~. ~5-‬‬
‫‪5011110~ 3 10551~55 ~1101=11=1~(,‬‬
‫‪111~ 101=1011=10~~( 15 ~/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪/(~,1,.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 3~~(3~~ ~310‬‬
‫‪01111~ 101=101~0((~01 15‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1, = /(/0‬‬ ‫)‪(10-33‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~()01~31~01‬‬ ‫~‪101=101 01111‬‬ ‫~~‪~1101=11=1~( 0(1‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(10-34‬‬

‫~‪13~ ~3(~10‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 001~ ~~~1~, /(, 111~ 1=10~~( 110~ 10 111~ 111010( (300 51=1~~0) ~30 0‬‬
‫‪~001(011~0.‬‬ ‫‪~0( 3 11011~ 3(111310(~ ~1(~0111000~130~~,‬‬ ‫‪~(). (7-19) ~30 0~ 31=11=111~0‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪1100 111~ 1113)(11110111‬‬
‫~‪1=1~3/(-10-1=1~3/((11=11=11‬‬
‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫)‪( 10-35‬‬

‫~‪~)(301()1‬‬ ‫‪10-7‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪0( 5~(1~5 111010( 15 ~0~~(~0‬‬
‫‪~ 0( 5011((~.‬‬
‫~‪= 0.03 11. 10‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫(~~~‪0~ (1 0( (00‬‬ ‫‪((15 500~11111 ~1~. 10-14(1) 1(0111 (1 600-‬‬
‫‪(1(111(1111(~(~5151(111(~ 15 ~~ = 0.02 11 (1110 10~ 11~10 (~5151311(~ 15 ~/‬‬
‫‪0(1()( ~1111 (01151(1111 0110~ 111010( 15 1(,‬‬
‫‪(1~~(3~~ 3(1113111(~ (11((~11115 1~ = 250‬‬
‫‪= 15.27 111~/‬‬ ‫‪((10/5.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪10~ (1(111(1111(~(11((~11115 (0111111110115(1110 0(15‬‬
‫‪11~~11~101~ (1~~1~.‬‬ ‫(~~~‪1110~ 0111~ (~(1~ 0110~ (00‬‬ ‫‪15 60%,‬‬ ‫‪0~1~(111111~ 10~ (3) 111~111‬‬
‫‪~0~~( 1(0111 10~ 5011((~~ (0) ~().111~(11~111111~111‬‬
‫~‪(~5151(111(~ 0110‬‬ ‫(~~~‪(00‬‬ ‫(‪0(1,,,~ ~ (() 111010‬‬
‫~‪5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪(1110 (0) 0~,,,~10~~0‬‬ ‫‪10(().11~.‬‬

‫‪80/01100‬‬ ‫‪11, = 600~,‬‬ ‫‪10 = 250‬‬ ‫‪, 3110 /( = 0.6.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~(‪101(11 (1(111(1111(~(1((1111 (~5151(111‬‬
‫‪15~,~ = ~~ + ~/ = 0.02 + 0.03 = 0.05 11.‬‬
‫‪((1) ~(0111 6().. (10-32),‬‬

‫~() ‪~, = /(11,1~ = 0.6 )( 600 )( 250 = 90‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫()‬
‫‪(0) ~(0111 6().. (10-34),‬‬ ‫‪~04 = 600/(250‬‬ ‫‪0.6) = 411.‬‬
‫)((‬ ‫‪~(0111 6().. (10-31),‬‬ ‫~‪11‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪0(1()( ~111115‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪= 0.6‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪= 360~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪~8 = 11~ -‬‬ ‫‪~)~, = 360‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫~ ‪250 = 347.5‬‬
‫‪~(0111 6().. (10-8),‬‬ ‫‪10~ 111010( 5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪347.5‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪= 0.01527 )( 250 = 91.03 ((10/5‬‬ ‫‪91.03 )( -,,. = 869.3 (~111‬‬

‫‪(0) ~(0111 6().. (10-10),‬‬

‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪1,1 = 0.01527‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪250 = 954.38 ~.111‬‬

‫‪314‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~~‪(11 ..~~~11~..(111‬‬ ‫‪0..(1)(111~, 111~ 111010.. (1(15 (15 (1 ~~11~..(110.. (1110 111~ )(111~11( ~11~..~~ 01‬‬
‫‪111~ 111010.. (111010(10 15 ..~111..11~0 0(1()( 10 111~ 511()()1~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ()..111(1()1~ 01 ~11~..~~ 1..(11151~..‬‬
‫‪1..0111 011~ 0( 5011..(~ 10 (1110111~.. 01111~11~.. ~011(1~~ 15 015(1155~0‬‬ ‫‪111 5~(11011 7-4, (1110‬‬
‫‪11115 ((111 0~ (1()()11~0‬‬ ‫‪111 ..~~~11~..(111~~ 0..(1)(111~ 01 0( 111010..5.‬‬
‫‪111~ (1()()11((111011 01 0( (110()()~..5 111 ..~~~11~..(111~~ 0..(1)(111~ ((111 0~ ~)(()1(1111~0 ~1111‬‬
‫‪(1 5~..1~5 111010.. 15 ..01(11111~ 011~ 10‬‬
‫‪~1~. 10-15(1.‬‬ ‫‪1.,~1115 (15511111~ 111(11111~ (1..111(1111..~ 01‬‬
‫~ )‪111~ 111~..11(1 01 111~ 111010.. ((1110 10(10‬‬ ‫‪(1110‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬ ‫~‪((15‬‬ ‫~‪01 (1 1..(1115()0..1(111011 5~51~111, 111‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪)(111~11( ~11~..~~ 01111~ ~~111(1~ 0.. 1..(1111 ~01110 ..01(11~ 111~ (1..111(1111..~ 511(111. 111~11 11111‬‬
‫‪1..(11151510.. 15 5~11(11~0‬‬ ‫‪011, 111~ (1..111(1111..~ (11‬‬ ‫~‪~111 ~111 ..15~ 011~ 10 111~ 5110..1-(1..(1111111‬‬
‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪111010.. 1~..111111(115.‬‬ ‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫‪(110()()~..‬‬ ‫‪15 111..11~0 011,‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪1)/11 ~01110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111..11~0‬‬

‫~~‪011 (1110 111~ ~11~..‬‬ ‫‪510..~0‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ (1..111(1111..~ (1..(1111111011(1(111(~5‬‬ ‫‪~01110‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 1..(11151‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪10 111~ 511()()1~,‬‬ ‫‪()..0~10~0‬‬ ‫‪111(11 111~ 511()()1~ 15 ..~(~()11~~.‬‬ ‫‪11 15 (111 011~-((11(10..(1111‬‬ ‫~~‪0..1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪(1110 0()~..(11~5111111‬‬ ‫‪5~(0110‬‬ ‫‪((11(10..(1111 (15 5110~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-150.‬‬ ‫~‪~1~11..‬‬ ‫(‪10-15‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬
‫~~‪111~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(1110 (11‬‬ ‫‪~111 ~(1~~10..1115‬‬ ‫‪(15511111111~111(11111~ (1..111(1111..~(11‬‬ ‫‪~11115 (0111111110115‬‬
‫‪(1110 ..1()()1~-1..~~.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪(1~~..(1‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(1(..055‬‬ ‫‪111~ (110()()~..‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫)‪(10-36‬‬

‫‪~3‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪10~5(1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)(‪/‬‬ ‫)‪(10-37‬‬

‫~~‪111~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪~~11~..(11~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ 5~..1~5 111010.. (1(1111~ (15 (1 ~~11~..(110..‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫)‪(10-38‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪0,,,‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪-----‬‬
‫‪1/00‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(8) ()~~~~~1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪1/00‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪-----‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪(0) 0~8~~8~1‬‬ ‫)~(‬ ‫‪~81/610~,,,5‬‬

‫‪58~. 10-5‬‬ ‫‪315‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~11~..~ /(1) 15 1113~1110~ ~0051301‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪0) 15 111~ 1113~1110~ 5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ..30/5.‬‬ ‫‪111~..~10..~,‬‬
‫‪111~ ~()111~31~01 1030 ..~515130~~ 01111~ 111010.. 3~110~ 35 3 ~~0~..310..‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫~~ ‪~00, = ~5 (1 - /() +‬‬ ‫)‪(10-39‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫~‪)3~ ~3..~10‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0111~ ~~~1~,‬‬ ‫‪/(, 111~ ~()111~31~011030‬‬ ‫~~‪..~515130‬‬ ‫‪5~~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ 111010.. ~311‬‬
‫‪0~ ~3..1~0‬‬ ‫~~ ‪1..0111‬‬ ‫‪10 (~/10‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)~~‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ..~~~0~..311‬‬ ‫‪~0~~..‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~001..011~0.‬‬
‫‪~..0111 8().‬‬ ‫‪(7-31),‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~00011100510..‬‬ ‫~‪~~..111155101‬‬ ‫‪~01~011315‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪~013..11‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~5‬‬ ‫~‪3..‬‬

‫‪0 ~ (~8‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪~,,110‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫)‪(10-40‬‬

‫‪~111~11 ~1~~5 111~ 111111111111111‬‬
‫~‪0..3~10‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪01 3 5~..1~5 111010.. 35‬‬

‫‪300‬‬

‫‪300‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~ )‪0‬‬
‫~)‪8(). (10-40‬‬

‫~ )‪0‬‬

‫‪111~5~ 1~0‬‬
‫~~‪311~..0311‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪0)111111. 111~ 1113)(1111111110..3~10‬‬

‫‪0)1113..‬‬
‫~~‪111~ ..~~~0~..311‬‬
‫‪5~~~0‬‬
‫~‪0..3~10‬‬
‫~‪0..3~10‬‬
‫‪11111115 (~.~.,‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪30~~111~01‬‬
‫‪~01110‬‬
‫~‪0)111111‬‬

‫~‪~1111011~11 0~ 5~..1~5 111010..5 3..~ 1..3011100311‬‬

‫~‪10 111~1.. 111~11 513..110‬‬ ‫‪10..()11~,‬‬
‫‪~01110‬‬
‫~ )‪0‬‬

‫‪3 5~..1~5-~)(~11~0‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫‪5~~~0‬‬

‫~~‪0~ ~11~~11‬‬
‫~~‬
‫)‪/(1‬‬

‫‪01 3 5~..1~5 111010.. ~30‬‬

‫‪0)1113.).‬‬
‫‪0~ ..~()111..~0.‬‬
‫~‪001‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪11111~ 111010.. 5~~~015‬‬
‫~‪30‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0‬‬

‫‪115~0 10.. 1..3~1100‬‬

‫‪~~0~..310..‬‬ ‫~‪15 11051301‬‬
‫‪0~ 101100‬‬
‫)‪(10-41‬‬

‫‪1~55 11130 0)111111,30‬‬

‫‪3~~11~3110115‬‬
‫‪~11~0‬‬
‫‪1..0111‬‬

‫)‪(10-42‬‬

‫‪0~1~~~0‬‬

‫~‪011‬‬
‫~‪~0..~10‬‬
‫‪1010‬‬ ‫~~‪3 11)(~0 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪511~~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪111115 10.. ..110010‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1..3~1100‬‬ ‫‪511~~1~,‬‬ ‫~‪3 5~~3..31‬‬
‫‪~)(~1131100‬‬ ‫‪~001..0115‬‬ ‫‪..~()111..~0‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪511~11 30 3‬‬ ‫‪30~~111~111‬‬ ‫‪015~..1~5‬‬ ‫‪111010..15,‬‬ ‫‪00..111311~,‬‬
‫~~‪5~05111‬‬ ‫~~‪10 511~~1~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪1111~111311005‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪3 1351 0~031111‬‬ ‫~‪..~5~005‬‬ ‫‪15 ..~()111..~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪~..0~10‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫~‪30~()1131‬‬ ‫~~‪0..0‬‬ ‫‪~001..01.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪3~~11~31100‬‬ ‫‪01 3 0~ ~110~~~..‬‬ ‫‪3110~5‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~~‪..~~~0~..311‬‬ ‫~‪0..3~10‬‬ ‫‪01 0~ 5~..1~5 111010..5‬‬ ‫~‪011~ 10 115 1351 0~031111‬‬ ‫‪..~5~005~.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪~ 5~~3..31~1‬‬ ‫‪~)(~11~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111010..15‬‬ ‫~~‪51301~ 10 ..~~~0~..311‬‬ ‫‪0..3~10~.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 3..1113111..‬‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪11~10 ~30‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪~001..011~0‬‬ ‫~‪100~~~00~011‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~..0~10‬‬ ‫‪111~ ..~()111..~0‬‬ ‫~‪10..()11‬‬ ‫~‪011..10‬‬
‫‪513..110~.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~110~~~..-1~0‬‬ ‫‪5~..1~5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪5~~3..31~1‬‬ ‫‪~)(~11~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111010..5‬‬ ‫~‪3..‬‬ ‫‪51111301~ 10..‬‬
‫‪1..3~1100‬‬ ‫‪3~~11~311005.‬‬

‫~))(‪~)(301‬‬ ‫‪10-8‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪0~ ~110~~~..‬‬ ‫‪15 115~0 111 ..~~~11~..311,,,~ 0..3/(111~ 01 3 0~ 8~..1~8 111010.. 38 5110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪10-153.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~ 81.1~~1~ ,,,0113~~ 18 600~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 3..111311.1..~..~8181311~~ 18 ~0 = 0.02 0‬‬
‫~~‪3110 111~ 11~10 ..~8181311‬‬ ‫‪18 ~1‬‬ ‫‪= 0.03‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 03~/( ~1111 ~01181311118 /(1) = 15.27 111~/‬‬

‫‪316‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~-(~0/5.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~~(~‪~.,‬‬
‫‪~(111~11.1(~ (1.1((~11115 111~1111~111~0(01151~111 ~1 /~ = 250~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪~(111~11.1(~ (1.1((~111 15 (01111111.101.15~110 0~5 11~~11~101~ (1~~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪11 10~ 01.11~ (~(1‬‬ ‫~‪01 10‬‬
‫(~~~‪(00‬‬ ‫‪15 60%,‬‬ ‫‪0~1~(111111~ 10~ (~) ~.,~(~~~ .,011~~~ ~((055 10~ (00~~~(,‬‬ ‫(~~‪110~~ (0) ~0‬‬
‫‪(~~~11~(~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 10~ 0( 51.1~~1~, ~8~ (() ~~1.11.,~1~11110~0 (~5151~11(~ 01 10~ 111010( ~(1111‬‬
‫‪~5 ~ ~~11~(~10(,‬‬ ‫‪~0~ ~ (0) 11111111111.1111‬‬
‫‪~~(111155101~0(~/(111~ 5~~~0,‬‬ ‫‪(.0,,,.0~ (~) 111~)(11111.1111‬‬
‫‪~~(111155101~ 0(~/(111~ 5~~~0, (.0,,,..~ ~110 (0 111010( 5~~~0.‬‬

‫‪8011.1~1011 115 = 600~,‬‬ ‫‪/~ = 250~,‬‬ ‫‪/(~ = 0.01527‬‬ ‫‪~/~-(~0/5,‬‬ ‫‪/( = 0.6,‬‬ ‫‪~110~,,,‬‬ ‫~~ =‬
‫‪+ ~1 = 0.02 + 0.03 = 0.05 0.‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪(~) ~(0111 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪(10-36),‬‬ ‫= ~‪110‬‬ ‫‪(1 -‬‬ ‫)‪0.6‬‬ ‫‪600 = 240~.‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪(0) ~(0111 ~~. (10-37),‬‬ ‫‪~8 = 250‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪0.6) = 60 /(~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪(() ~(0111 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪(10-39),‬‬ ‫‪+ 0.05 = 1.01 0.‬‬
‫‪~0~ = (600/250)(1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪0.6‬‬
‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪~(0111‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫‪(10-41),‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪11111111111.1111‬‬
‫~‪~~(111155101‬‬ ‫~‪0(~/(111‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0,‬‬

‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪30‬‬

‫=‪(.0,,,.0‬‬ ‫‪3.274‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪= 31.26 (~111‬‬
‫‪0.01527 = 3.274 (~0/5‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(~) ~(0111 ~~. (10-42),‬‬ ‫‪10~ 111~)(11111.1111‬‬
‫‪~~(111155101~0(~/(111~ 5~~~0,‬‬

‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬
‫= ‪(.0,,,..‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= 160.445 (~0/5‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪1532.14 (~111‬‬
‫‪0.01527‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪0.01527‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪(1) ~(0111~~. (10-38), ~8 = 240 + 0.05‬‬ ‫‪250 = 252.5 ~ ~110 10~ 111010( 5~~~0,‬‬

‫‪252.5‬‬
‫= ‪(.0‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪= 66.14 (~0/5 0( 631.6 (~111‬‬
‫‪0.01527‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬

‫‪1-/0(~.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ (11010‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~01110‬‬ ‫~‪0~((~115‬‬ ‫‪~111111(11~.‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫~(‪(11111011110 111~ 11((1111111‬‬
‫~‪~11((~01111111‬‬ ‫~~‪511(11~ 1~.,,~1, 111~ ~11~~11.,,~ 10110 (~5151110‬‬ ‫‪01111~ 5~(1~5‬‬ ‫(‪~~0~(1110‬‬ ‫‪51101110‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪0~ 11011151~0 0)1 .,,11()110~ 111~ 0111)1 ~)1~1~ 01111‬‬

‫‪10 11 (11~0511111~ 0(11~10~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0~(~)115‬‬ ‫‪01551~111~0‬‬

‫‪~110~~~(.‬‬

‫‪10 11 (11~051111 1100 11 (1111)1001‬‬ ‫‪0~ 11‬‬

‫~‪0~51(1101‬‬ ‫‪1~11111(~.‬‬ ‫)‪10 (111155 (11~10 1(110511 (~~1‬‬ ‫‪5)151~(115, 111~ ~0~(~)1‬‬ ‫‪(1111)10~ 115~0‬‬
‫‪10 11~11110~ 111~ 1(11105.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪(11~0511111~ 0(11~10‬‬ ‫‪15 11150 ~00~0‬‬ ‫‪115 (/,)11101111~ /)70/(1118.‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪11((110~~(11~01‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (11~0511111~ 0(11~10‬‬ ‫‪01 0~ 5~(1~5‬‬ ‫(‪(11010‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-‬‬
‫‪1611.‬‬ ‫‪11115 15 11 00~-()11110(1101‬‬ ‫~‪0(1.,,‬‬ ‫‪1100 0~~(111~5‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 5~~000‬‬ ‫‪()11110(1101 115 5110~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-160.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~11‬‬ ‫~‪10-16‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~11.,~10((115‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪1100 .,,01111~~,‬‬
‫‪115511(1110~ 111111111~ 11((1111111(~ ~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪15 ~00110110115‬‬ ‫~‪1100 (1~~1‬‬ ‫‪1(~~.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪11.,,~(11~~ ~11((~01‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫~‪0(11~10‬‬ ‫‪(~51510(,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪10 = 1,,(1‬‬ ‫)(‪/‬‬ ‫)‪(10-43‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪-‬‬

‫‪1100 111~ 11.,,~(11~~ .,,01111~~ 11~(055‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0(11~10‬‬ ‫‪(~51510(,‬‬

‫‪110 = ~01,,(1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫)(‪/‬‬ ‫)‪(10-44‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪~()111.,,111~01 10110 (~5151110‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪5~(1~5‬‬ ‫‪~~0~(1110(,‬‬

‫‪110‬‬
‫‪~0().‬‬ ‫‪= -1,, = ~0(1 - /() + ~,.,‬‬ ‫)‪(10-45‬‬

‫‪58~. 10-5‬‬ ‫‪317‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪...0‬‬
‫~‪= ...0‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪,~1‬‬
‫‪...0‬‬
‫‪- - --‬‬
‫‪(8) 8~~~~~1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1 ~0~.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪,.‬‬ ‫‪~~0‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪.,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(0) 0~80~8~1‬‬ ‫)~(‬ ‫‪~8...610~~5‬‬

‫) ‪(10-46‬‬

‫~‪13)1 ~001(01110‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0(1)1‬‬ ‫‪~)1~1~,‬‬ ‫~‪/(, 111~ ~11~~11,,,‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫~~‪(~515130‬‬ ‫‪~3(1 0~ ,,,3(1~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0111‬‬
‫‪~,,,‬‬ ‫‪10~,,,‬‬ ‫‪+ ~0~ 300‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0(3/(10‬‬ ‫(~‪~0..,,,‬‬ ‫‪~3(1 0~ ~0(11(011~0.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0(3/(1(1‬‬ ‫‪(~51513(1~~,‬‬
‫‪~0,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪0~1~(0110~5‬‬

‫~))(‪~)(301‬‬ ‫‪10-9‬‬
‫‪111~ (13)(101001‬‬ ‫~~‪,,,0113‬‬ ‫~‪(311(1~ 01111‬‬ ‫‪~110~~~(.‬‬

‫‪~ 0( (110~~~115 115~0111111~051311( 013/(111~ 013 0( 5~11~5 1110101 35 5110~11111 ~1~. 10-163.‬‬
‫‪111~ 3111131111~ 1~5151311(~ 15 ~,, = 0.02.0‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~ 11~10 1~5151311(~ 15 ~, = 0.03.0.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪013/(111~ (~515101, ~,, = 5.0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 03(/( ~011 (011513111151(,. = 15.27 111~/~-130/5.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪3,,,~13~~ 3111131111~(1111~11115111311113111~0 (011513111311,,‬‬
‫‪= 150~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 310131111~ (1111~111‬‬
‫‪15 (0111111110115 3110 1135 11~~11~101~ 11~~1~.‬‬ ‫‪11 111~ 0(11)1 ()1(1~ 01 111~ (110~~~1 15 40%,‬‬
‫‪0~1~1111111~ 111~ (3) 3,,,~13~~ ,,,0113~~ 3(1055 111~ (110~~~1,‬‬ ‫‪~0,, ~ (0) ~0~~1 01551~31~0 111‬‬
‫‪111~ 013/(111~ 1~515101, ,,/,~ (() ~()111,,,31~1111030 1~5151311(~ 01111~ 1110101 3(1111~ 35 3 ~~11-‬‬
‫‪~13101, ~0~~ (0) 010101 5~~~0~ 3110 (~) ~~3/( (110~~~1 ,,,0113~~, ~,,.‬‬

‫‪80)01100‬‬ ‫‪1,, = 150~,‬‬ ‫‪1(~ = 0.01527‬‬ ‫‪~/~-130/5,‬‬ ‫‪/( = 0.4,‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~,,,‬‬ ‫‪= ~,, + 1(, = 0.02‬‬
‫‪+ 0.03 = 0.05 .0.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(3) ~10111 8(). (10-44),‬‬ ‫‪~0~ = ~,,‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪)( (1‬‬
‫‪= 5‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪- 0.4) = 450~.‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪)( (1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(0) ~10111 8(). (10-46),‬‬ ‫‪,,8‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪- 0.4) = 13.5 /(~.‬‬
‫‪(() ~1001 8(). (10-45),‬‬ ‫‪)( (1‬‬
‫‪1(0~ = 5‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪= 3.01.0.‬‬
‫‪(0) 111~ ~~11~131~0 ~011, ~8 = 450 + 0.05 )( 150‬‬
‫~‪= 457.5 ~ 3110 111~ 013/(111‬‬
‫‪5~~~0,‬‬

‫‪457.5‬‬
‫‪(0‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪0.01527‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪= 199.74130/5‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪1907.4 1~111‬‬
‫‪150‬‬

‫‪318‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪0,,,‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫‪.11‬‬

‫‪01‬‬
‫~‪8‬‬

‫‪~1~11..~ 10-17‬‬ ‫‪~01110111~0‬‬ ‫~‪..~~~11~..3.(1,,,‬‬

‫~‪3.110 ../1~05(3.(1‬‬ ‫‪0..3.~111~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪10-5.4‬‬ ‫~~‪~,..(1~.()~~ 01 ~0~~.(1‬‬ ‫~~‪~~9~(1~,.81.‬‬ ‫~‪8(1~ ~~~05181.‬‬
‫~‪8,.8~~ ~0(11,.0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~‪~~~~11~..(111‬‬ ‫‪0..(1)(111~ 15 ~11~..~)1-~111~1~111‬‬ ‫‪0..(1)(111~.‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ 0111~.. 11(1110, 111~ ~11~..~)1‬‬
‫‪15 01551~(11~0‬‬ ‫‪(15 11~(11111 ..11~051(111~ 0..(1)(111~.‬‬ ‫‪11111~ 50~~1)115‬‬ ‫‪~(1..11)1 ..~~~~11~~,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11‬‬
‫‪15 110..111(111)1 111~ ~(15~ 111 ~..(1~11~(11 1..(1~11011 5)151~1115, (1 ~01110111~0‬‬ ‫~~‪..~~~11~..(111‬‬ ‫‪(1110‬‬
‫~(‪..11~051(111~ 0..(1/‬‬ ‫‪~0111..01 ~0010‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ 111051 ~11~..~)1 ~111~1~111.‬‬ ‫~‪~1~0..‬‬ ‫‪10-17‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬
‫‪(111(1‬‬ ‫‪(111~~111~111111 ~111~11 ..11~051(111~ 0..(1)(111~ 15 ~01110111~0‬‬ ‫~~‪~1111 ..~~~11~..(111‬‬ ‫‪0..(1)(111~.‬‬
‫~‪00..111‬‬ ‫~~‪..~~~11~..(111‬‬ ‫‪0..(1)(111~5,‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 1111~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪15 5~115~0‬‬ ‫‪~011111100051)1.‬‬ ‫‪1111‬‬
‫‪~)(~~~05‬‬ ‫‪(1 ~~..1(1111 ~..~5~1‬‬ ‫‪~(110~,‬‬ ‫‪110..111(111)120%‬‬ ‫~~‪(100‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1111~ ~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ..~~~11~..-‬‬
‫‪(111~~ 0..(1)(111~ 15 ..~1110~~0‬‬ ‫‪(1110 (1 ..11~051(111~ 0..(1)(111~ 15 (1~~11~0.‬‬ ‫‪11 (1110~5‬‬ ‫‪(111 (11111051‬‬
‫~~‪11151(1111(111~005 1..(11151~.. 1..0111 ..~~~11~..(111‬‬ ‫‪10 ..11~051(111~ 0..(1)(111~ 11111~ 1111~ 0~~0111~5‬‬
‫‪11011..~~~~11~~,‬‬ ‫‪~~~11 1110111~111(1..11)1.‬‬
‫~‪111 ~~~..)1 ~)1~1~, 111~ 10~1~ ~1..~011 0~1~..111111~5 111‬‬
‫‪..~~~~11~11)1‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪50~~1)1.‬‬ ‫‪111)1..1510.. 1 ~ 15 10..11~0 --011,, 10 01~~..1‬‬
‫‪111115 11011..~~~~11~~,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪111~ 111010.. ~0‬‬ ‫‪~111 10 111~ ..~51510..,‬‬ ‫‪~0.‬‬ ‫‪111)1..1510..‬‬
‫‪1..(11151510.. (21 15 10..11~0 --011,, 111 111~ 11~)(1 ~)1~1~.‬‬
‫‪1 ~ 15 5~11-~011111101(11~0‬‬ ‫‪~11~11‬‬

‫~‪00..111‬‬ ‫‪~0~~..‬‬ ‫‪~0111..01,‬‬ ‫‪(1 ~110~~~..-1~0‬‬ ‫~~‪0..1‬‬ ‫‪0~~..(11~5‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ 11..51 ()0(10..(1111,‬‬ ‫~‪~11~..‬‬
‫‪111~ (1..111(110..~ ~011(1~~ (1110 (1..111(110..~ ~0‬‬ ‫~~‪~111 (1..~ ~05111‬‬ ‫‪(15 5110~11 111 ~1~. 10-140.‬‬
‫~~‪111 (1 ..~~~11~..(111‬‬ ‫‪0..(1)(111~, 111~ ~110~~~..‬‬ ‫‪0..1~~ 0~~..(11~5‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ 5~~0110‬‬ ‫‪()0(10..(1111,‬‬
‫~‪~11~..‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ (1..111(110..~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫~~‪15 ~05111‬‬ ‫‪(1110 111~ (1..111(110..~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪~111 15 11~~(111~~,‬‬ ‫‪(15‬‬
‫‪5110~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-150.‬‬
‫‪1~0-()0(10..(1111‬‬ ‫‪0~~..(111011,‬‬ ‫‪(15 5110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-18(1,‬‬ ‫‪15 ..~()01..~0‬‬ ‫‪10 (1110~ ~0~~..‬‬
‫~~‪(1110 ..~~~11~..(111‬‬ ‫‪0..(1)(111~ ~0111..01.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1..~011 (1‬‬ ‫‪(111~~111~111 01 (1 1..(11151510..12~0‬‬ ‫‪1~0-‬‬
‫~~‪()0(10..(1111 0..1‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-180.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~0~~,.‬‬ ‫‪~0(11,.0~.‬‬ ‫~‪1..(11151510.. (21 (1110 0100‬‬ ‫‪1)1 0~~..(11~.‬‬ ‫‪~11~11 (21 15 10..11~0‬‬
‫‪011, 111~ 50~~1)1 ~011(1~~ 1/, 15 ~01111~~1~0 10 111~ 111010.. 1~..111111(115. ~11~11 (21 15 10..11~0‬‬
‫‪011, 111~ (1..111(110..~~0 ~111 ~111~11110~5 111..00~11111~ 1..~~~11~.~1111~ 0100~ 1)1 0~~(1)15.‬‬

‫~~‪~~9~(1~,.81.‬‬ ‫‪~0(11,.0~.‬‬ ‫‪1..(11151510.. (22 (1110 0100~ 1)2 0~~..(11~.‬‬ ‫‪~11~11 (22 15‬‬
‫‪10..11~0 011, 111~ 5~..1~5 111010.. (1~15 (15 (1 ~~11~..(110.. (1110 111~ (1..111(110..~~0 ~111 ..15~5.‬‬

‫‪58~. 10-5‬‬ ‫‪319‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪+‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪~11~11 (22 15 10(11~0 011, 111~ (11010(, 3~1111~ 35 3 ~~11~(310(, (~10(115 ~11~(~~ 10 111‬‬
‫‪50.,.,1~ 111(00~11111~ (~~~11~(311~~ 0100~ /)2.‬‬
‫‪111 1110051(131 3.,.,11~3110115, 100(-()030(3111‬‬ ‫‪0.,~(311011, 35 5110~11 111~1~. 10-193,‬‬
‫‪15 (~()01(~0.‬‬ ‫‪~ 1(31151510(12~0 100(-()030(3111‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~ 15 5110~11111 ~1~. 10-190.‬‬

‫~‪/=0...~8...‬‬ ‫‪~0~9...‬‬ ‫‪~0811...0~.‬‬ ‫‪1(31151510(5‬‬ ‫‪(21 3110 (22 0.,~(31~.‬‬ ‫‪1(31151510(5‬‬ ‫‪(23‬‬
‫~~‪3110 (24 3(~ 011. ~11~11 (21 3110 (22 3(~ 10(11~0 011 10~~111~(, 111~ 50.,.,1~ ~0113‬‬
‫‪3.,.,~3(5 3~(055 111~ (11010( 1~((111113153110 111~ 3((11310(~ ~0((~111 (15~5. ~11~11 (21 15‬‬
‫‪10(11~0 011 3110 (22 15 5111110(11~0 011, 111~ 3((11310(~ ~0((~111 0~~3~5 111(00~11 (22 3110‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪/)4.‬‬

‫‪/)2.‬‬
‫‪/=0...~8...~ ...999819...818081,‬‬ ‫‪1(31151510(5 (21, (22, 3110 (23 3(~ 10(11~0 011. ~11~11‬‬
‫‪1(31151510( (24 15 10(11~0 011, 111~ 3((11310(~ ~0((~111, ~111~11(15~5, 110~5 111(00~11 (24 3110‬‬
‫‪~11~11 (24 15 10(11~0 011, 111~ (11010(, 3~1111~ 35 3 ~~11~(310(, (~10(115 ~11~(~~ 10‬‬
‫~‪111~ 50.,.,1‬‬ ‫‪111(00~11 /)1 3110 /)2.‬‬

‫‪~9~9...59 ~0~9... ~0811...0~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11~10 ~0((~111 01111~ (11010( 15 (~~~(5~0.‬‬ ‫‪1(311-‬‬
‫‪51510(5 (23 3110 (24 0.,~(31~.‬‬ ‫~(‪1(31151510(5 (21 3110 (22 3(~ 011. ~11~11 (23 3110 (24 3‬‬

‫‪+~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~01‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~~. ~.,8.‬‬

‫‪320‬‬
‫*‬ ‫‪(8.) 0~8.0~8.~1‬‬
‫‪~~.‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪04‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫)‪(0‬‬
‫‪-=-‬‬
‫‪~,~~~~1‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪111(0~0‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪10~~10.~(,‬‬ ‫‪10.~ (1(111(1111(~ ~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪(18~8 (100 110~8‬‬ ‫~‪10 10.~ (~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪01(~~1100.‬‬
‫‪~0.~11‬‬ ‫‪(23 18 111(11~0 011 (100 (24 18 111(0~0 00, 10.~ (1(111(1111(~~11((~011(1118 10.(011~0. (24‬‬
‫‪(100 1)2.‬‬

‫‪~9~9..59‬‬ ‫‪..999.,9..~1.0.,.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 11~10 ~11((~111 18 111 10.~ 8(1111~ 01(~~11011 (18 10‬‬
‫(~~‪(~~~(8~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01. 1((1081810(8 (21, (23, (100 (24 (1(~ 011. ~0.~0 (22 18 111(0~0‬‬
‫~‪00, 10.~ (1(111(1111(~~11((~01 (18~8 10.(011~0. (22 (100 1)4. ~0.~11 (22 18 111(0~0 011, 10.‬‬
‫‪(1(111(1111(~~11((~011(1118 (100 10.~ 111010( (~111(08 ~0~(~)110 10.~ 811~~1)110.(011~0. 1)3 (100‬‬
‫‪1)4.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪111~0‬‬ ‫‪0( 1110(~ ~0.0~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 0~~((11~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~(1((111~1 (100 (1(~ ~0.(18‬‬ ‫‪80.111~0 1(0111 ~(1~0.‬‬
‫(~‪010.‬‬ ‫‪0)1 70//1 (18 80.0~11‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-20(1,‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ (1111~111110~ 0110.‬‬ ‫‪10(10 ~11((~01 (1~~1~8‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0~~(~(18~8‬‬ ‫~‪(100 10.~ (1~~1‬‬ ‫‪1(~((11~0~)110~(~(18~8.‬‬ ‫‪~8 (1 (~81111, 10.~ ~0.0~~~(-~~0~((11~0‬‬
‫~‪0.(1(111001‬‬ ‫‪~11((~018‬‬ ‫‪10 10.~ 811~~1)1 (1(~ (~011~~0.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫~‪812~8 0110.‬‬ ‫(~‪10~1111111‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ (1180‬‬

‫‪~,‬‬
‫=‪= ~2= ~3‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1....‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪1,‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬

‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪~3‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~4‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~~.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~8,,,910~~5‬‬

‫‪~1~11..~ 10-20‬‬ ‫‪~11111()1135~~110()()~(5.‬‬

‫‪58~. 10-5‬‬ ‫‪321‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪(~00~~0.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪010111~1135‬‬ ‫‪0~~(31100‬‬ ‫‪3110~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~00~1100‬‬ ‫~‪01 5010011110‬‬ ‫‪~110)(~5,‬‬
‫~(‪~111~11 3‬‬ ‫‪00(01311)1‬‬ ‫‪~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫~(‪10 111~ 3(01310‬‬ ‫‪~1(~011‬‬ ‫~‪01 0‬‬ ‫‪01010(5.‬‬ ‫~‪5~~3(31‬‬
‫‪1000~10(5‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~3~11 ~1135‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪05~0‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪5113(10~.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10-200‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~3~~10(015‬‬ ‫‪10( 111~ ~0((~015‬‬ ‫‪~111111‬‬ ‫‪~110~~~(5.‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪11 ~110~~~(5‬‬ ‫~‪10 010111~1135‬‬ ‫‪0~~(31100,‬‬ ‫‪11 ~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~(0~~0‬‬ ‫‪11131 ~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(7-19‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪5311511~0 ~11~0‬‬ ‫(‪/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪1/211300111‬‬ ‫()‪013)(101001 ~~3)(-10-~~3‬‬ ‫‪1030 (1~()1~ ~0((~010~~001~5‬‬

‫)‪(10-47‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~ ~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫~~ ‪300‬‬ ‫~(‪3(~ 111~ 3(01310‬‬ ‫~~‪1000~130‬‬ ‫‪300 (~515130~~,‬‬ ‫‪(~5~~~11~~1)1.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬
‫‪4111~~ ~ ~ ~~,‬‬ ‫‪111~013)(101001 ()~3)( -10-()~3)( 1030 (1()~1~ ~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪~30 0~ 3()()(0)(10131~0‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(10-48‬‬

‫(~‪113 ~~-10~011111‬‬ ‫‪15 05~0,‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(7-124‬‬ ‫~‪~30 0~ 3()()11~0 101100 111~(015 /1111113(01001‬‬
‫‪~001~00~01‬‬ ‫‪01 ~110()()~(-~~0~(31~0‬‬ ‫‪113(01001~5 10 111~ 50()()1)1‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫= ~‪1)1‬‬ ‫~‪1,1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪(2/17011/)2‬‬ ‫~~_~‬
‫)‪(10-49‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫~‪1,1‬‬
‫‪1 +‬‬ ‫‪(/1111/10)2‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫)‪(10-50‬‬

‫~‪~0111()1135‬‬ ‫‪0()~(311005‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪30~3013~~005‬‬ ‫~~(‪10( 13‬‬ ‫(‪01010‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~5,‬‬ ‫‪~5()~~1311)111‬‬

‫‪111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪(~~01(~01~0115‬‬ ‫‪13(~~.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫~‪~00510~(10‬‬ ‫‪111~ 30011101131‬‬ ‫‪~001-‬‬
‫‪()1~)(11)110~01~~0‬‬ ‫~‪111 10~(~3510‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ 00010‬‬ ‫‪01 ~110~~~(5,‬‬ ‫‪111~(~ 15 001 010~11 (~00~1100‬‬
‫‪10 111~ ~110()()~(-~~0~(31~0‬‬ ‫‪113(01001~5‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 50()()1)1‬‬ ‫~(‪110~ 11 010‬‬ ‫‪11130 1~0‬‬ ‫‪~110()()~(5‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪05~0‬‬ ‫‪(7).‬‬ ‫‪10 ()(3~11~~,‬‬ ‫~‪00111111‬‬ ‫~‪013~01100‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪1(~~0~0~)1‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪110~ ~0((~111‬‬
‫‪113(01001~5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪101()0(1301‬‬ ‫‪13~10(5‬‬ ‫~‪10 0~1~(0110‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1~~~1 011111~(1~(~11~~5‬‬ ‫‪1010‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪51~031111~ ~1(~0115.‬‬ ‫‪10 01(0)1 (3()10‬‬ ‫(~~‪1(30511 5)151~015, 111~ ()0‬‬ ‫~‪300 51~03110‬‬ ‫~‪110~5 31‬‬
‫‪~~()1 ~105~~ 10 111(~~-110~ 5)151~015,‬‬ ‫‪111~)1 ~~~0 5113(~ 3 ~0010100‬‬ ‫‪110~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪51~03110‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~1(~0115‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫~~‪5~05111‬‬ ‫(‪10 ()3(11~013‬‬ ‫‪1(~~0~0~1~5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~00~1100‬‬ ‫~‪10 111~ 013~01100‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪113(010111~5‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 05111‬‬ ‫~‪3 010111~1135‬‬ ‫‪0~~(31100‬‬ ‫‪01 ~110()()~(5‬‬ ‫‪~0010‬‬ ‫~‪~~0~(31‬‬ ‫‪1(~-‬‬
‫‪~0~0~1~5‬‬ ‫‪~1111111 111~ 5~05111~11)1‬‬ ‫‪0300-~111~11‬‬ ‫~‪011~111 ~305‬‬ ‫~(‪010‬‬ ‫‪()(00)~015‬‬ ‫‪111311 11‬‬
‫‪50)~~5.‬‬

‫~))(‪~,.301‬‬ ‫‪10-10‬‬

‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫~‪~110()()~.5 ~0111.0) ~ 0~ 5~.1~5 01010. ~110 111~~ ~.~ ()11~5~ 511111~0 1110()~.(111011 0‬‬
‫‪-../2. 111~ 511()()1~ ~011~~~ 10111~ ~110()()~.0.1~~,‬‬ ‫‪~, = 220~,‬‬ ‫‪~.01~111.~ ~1.~1111.~5151~11~~,‬‬
‫‪~,,, = 4 0, ~.111~111.~ ~1.~1111 111011~1~11~~, 1-,,,‬‬
‫‪= 15 11111, ~110 111~ 1.~()11~119 01 ~(1~11‬‬
‫‪~110()()~., / = 350 112. ~~1~111~1~111~111~)(111111111‬‬ ‫‪()~~/(-10-()~~/( 10~0 .1()()1~ ~11..~11(.‬‬

‫‪322‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫()‬
‫‪350 = 700 1-12, ~,,, = 4 11,‬‬
‫‪80)01100‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~11~~11.,,~ ~110~~111~ 1~~()0~11~~ 15/_ = 2‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪)( 10-3‬‬
‫= ~‪1-,‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫~‪1111-1,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪2,‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪220~.‬‬ ‫‪4~/1-,,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪= 42.‬‬
‫‪5111~~ 42 //‬‬ ‫)‪4, 111~ 3~~~0)(111131~ ~()0311011 (10-48‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0~ 05~0, 3110 11115 ~1.,,~5 111‬‬
‫()‪1113)(11110111~~3)(-10-~~3‬‬ ‫‪1030 ~1~~1~ ~0~~~111, /11,,‬‬ ‫‪= 220/42‬‬ ‫‪= 5.24 ~.‬‬

‫~)))))(‪~)(3‬‬ ‫‪10-11‬‬

‫‪~ 0~ 5~~1~5 111010~ 15 ~0111~011~0 0~ 1~0 1110111~1135~ ~110~~~~5.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 3.,,~~3~~ 3~111310‬‬
‫‪~0~~~111, 10 = 100~.‬‬ ‫‪~ 51111~1~ 1-~-111~011111~~ ~11111-_ = 0.3 1111-13110 ~_ = 4500‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪15 05~0.‬‬ ‫~~~~‪~3~11 ~110‬‬ ‫‪15 0~~~31~0‬‬ ‫‪31 3 1~~()0~11~~ 01/‬‬ ‫~‪= 350 1-12. 1)~1~~111111‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫~‪~1115101103111~11131~0111~011~111 01111~ ~110~~~~-~~11~~31~0113~1110111‬‬ ‫‪~0~~~111111 111~ 50~~1~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪80)01100‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪100 ~,‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫=‬ ‫= _‪2, 1-‬‬ ‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫_~ ‪1111-1,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪4500‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪3110 /0‬‬ ‫=‬
‫()‬
‫‪1/(270 ~ 1-_~_) = 136.98‬‬ ‫‪1-12.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~11~~11.,,~ ~110~~~~ 1~~()0~11~~ 15/_ = 2‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪= 700‬‬
‫‪1-12.‬‬ ‫‪~~0111111~ ~~50115 01 ~)(3111~1~ 7-13,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1115.,,310~ 01111~ 101103111~11131 ~0111~011~111‬‬
‫~~~~‪01111~ ~110‬‬ ‫‪~0~~~11115 110 = 45.02~.‬‬ ‫‪~~0111 ~(). (10-49),‬‬ ‫‪111~ 101103111~11131 ~0111-‬‬
‫‪~011~111 01111~ ~110~~~~-~~11~~31~0‬‬ ‫‪113~1110111~~0~~~11115‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪45.02‬‬
‫= ‪11,.‬‬ ‫‪)( 350/136.98)2‬‬ ‫~ ‪1.66‬‬
‫‪1 + (2‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪5()~~0‬‬ ‫‪01 0~ 111010~5‬‬ ‫‪~0311~~8‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪10~()11~.‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪111311113111 3 ~011813111‬‬
‫‪8()~~0,‬‬ ‫~~‪10~ 3~1113111~~ (3110 0~ 11~10) .,,0113‬‬ ‫‪8001110‬‬ ‫‪0~ .,,3~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪~01111111101181~ 0~ .,,3~~111‬‬
‫~‪10~ 0~13~ 311~1~ 01 3~-0‬‬ ‫‪~011.,,~~1~(8‬‬ ‫‪0( 0111~ ~~~1~ 01 0~ ~00()()~(8.‬‬ ‫‪111 ()(3~11~31‬‬
‫‪0(1.,,~ 8~81~1118 11 18 (~()111(~0‬‬ ‫~‪0(1.,,~ 31 3 ~011813111 10(()11‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪~011813111‬‬
‫~‪10 0()~~31‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~(~~‪()0‬‬

‫‪011~~0‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪111 300111011,‬‬
‫‪11101181(131 0(1.,,~8‬‬
‫‪8~81~111 038‬‬
‫‪~11~~18‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬

‫(‪010~/‬‬
‫‪~0111(011~0‬‬
‫~‪0()~(31‬‬

‫‪30.,,31113~~8‬‬
‫‪011030‬‬
‫‪013~(3111‬‬
‫‪3~~~1~(311011‬‬
‫)(‪38 ~108~0-100‬‬

‫‪011111()(0.,,~0‬‬
‫‪018111(0311~~8‬‬
‫)(‪01 3 ~108~0-100‬‬
‫‪3110 0~~~1~(311011‬‬
‫(‪1~~003~/‬‬

‫‪3~~11(3~~,‬‬
‫‪8~81~1118.‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~(‪3‬‬

‫‪1381 0~1131111~ (~8()0118~,‬‬

‫‪3110 8~81~111 110111111~3(111~8.‬‬
‫‪~011.,,~(1~(-1~0‬‬ ‫~‪8~()3(31~1‬‬
‫‪(~()111(~0.‬‬
‫)(‪~108~0-100‬‬

‫‪~)(~11~0‬‬
‫‪~081‬‬
‫‪~0111(01‬‬

‫‪3110 (~-‬‬

‫~‪0~ 0.1.,,‬‬
‫‪18 800~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-21.‬‬ ‫~‪1110‬‬ ‫‪8()~~0‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪111010.‬‬ ‫‪0~~.~38~8‬‬ ‫‪011~ 10 10~ 3()()11~311011‬‬
‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪30011101131‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪10.()11~,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪8()~~0‬‬ ‫‪~..0.‬‬ ‫_~‬ ‫‪111~.~38~8.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪8()~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~.‬‬
‫‪.~8()0118~8‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫‪311111~.~38~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111.01‬‬ ‫‪81~1131 ~0‬‬ ‫‪~0311~~8‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 0~13‬‬ ‫‪311~1~ 0.‬‬ ‫~‪0111~ ~~~1‬‬
‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪~011.,,~.1~(,‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~.~38~8‬‬ ‫~(‪10~ 3.1113111‬‬ ‫~~‪.,,0113‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪111010..‬‬ ‫‪~11 111~.~38~0‬‬
‫~‪3.1113111.‬‬ ‫~~‪.,,0113‬‬ ‫‪0~.,,~10()8‬‬ ‫~‪1110.~ 10.()11‬‬ ‫~(‪10 .~810‬‬ ‫‪10~ 111010.‬‬ ‫‪8()~~0‬‬ ‫‪10 10~ 0.1~11131‬‬
‫‪.,,3111~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪0.1.,,‬‬ ‫‪110.111311~ ()388~8‬‬ ‫‪10.011~0‬‬ ‫‪3 1.31181~111 ()~.100‬‬ ‫‪111111110~ 0~.,,~10()~0‬‬
‫~‪10(()11‬‬ ‫‪18 ~()113110‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪10.()11~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪58~. 10-6‬‬ ‫‪323‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪80~~6116‬‬
‫‪01‬‬
‫‪98~~. ~2‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪8‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪51~(10)1-51(11‬‬ ‫‪~0(1((1~1~(1511~5‬‬ ‫‪01 0~ 0(1~~5,‬‬ ‫‪~01~0‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 015~1155~0 10 10~ ~(~~~0108‬‬
‫‪5~~11005,‬‬ ‫(‪(1(~ 01 (0(1)0‬‬ ‫~~‪1(0~0(1(10‬‬ ‫‪10 10~ 5~1~~1100‬‬ ‫~‪010‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~5 (100 (1(~ 001 50111~1~01‬‬
‫‪~0~0‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪0(1‬‬ ‫~‪15 10 ~105~0-100‬‬ ‫‪~001(01.‬‬ ‫~‪1(00~1~08‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪0)10(1(01~ 0~0(1~10(,‬‬
‫‪~01~0‬‬ ‫‪15 00((0(111)1‬‬ ‫‪~)(~(~55~0‬‬ ‫‪10 10~ 10((0‬‬ ‫(~‪01 (1 1((1051‬‬ ‫‪1110~1100,‬‬ ‫‪15 (1150 1(0~0(1(101.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111 (1(((108~(0~01‬‬ ‫‪01 (1 ~00~~(1~(-1~0‬‬ ‫‪5~~(1((11~1)1‬‬ ‫‪~)(~11~0‬‬ ‫(‪0~ (0010‬‬ ‫~~‪0(1‬‬
‫‪~110‬‬ ‫~‪0~~0-100‬‬ ‫‪~001(0115‬‬ ‫‪500~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~18.‬‬ ‫‪10-22.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(‪(0010‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪15 (10)1151~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1‬‬
‫~~‪5~111118 (~1~(~0‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫)‪~001(01‬‬ ‫~‪~011(18‬‬ ‫‪1)~.‬‬ ‫‪~550(01118‬‬ ‫(~~‪(1 1111~(1( ~0‬‬ ‫(~‪~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫‪8(1111 ~2,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~(‪(1((0(1111‬‬ ‫~‪~011(18‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫(‪(0010‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~550(01118‬‬
‫‪~1) 00(108‬‬
‫~‪10(1110‬‬ ‫(‪(0010‬‬
‫‪(10)11((11151~111‬‬
‫‪11~10 ~11((~1111/‬‬
‫‪015111(0(111~~5,‬‬
‫‪(1110 10~ 0(1~/( ~(01 ~0051(1111 (~(0(1111 ~0051(1111‬‬
‫‪10~ 5)151~(0‬‬ ‫‪~()11(111005‬‬ ‫~(‪(1‬‬
‫)‪(10-51‬‬

‫)‪(10-52‬‬

‫)‪(10-53‬‬

‫)‪(10-54‬‬

‫)‪(10-55‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(‪1((11151~111 0~0(1~10‬‬ ‫‪(0(1)1 0~ (111(11)12~0 0)1 ~0(11181118 10~ 5)151~(0 ~()11(1110115 11110‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1.,(1~1(1~~.5 1((10510((05‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫‪2~(0 111111(11~000111005.‬‬ ‫‪1((111510(1111118 8()5. (10-51),‬‬ ‫‪(10-‬‬

‫‪53),‬‬ ‫)‪(1110 (10-55‬‬ ‫‪)11~105‬‬

‫)‪~,,(5) = ~1 ~~(5‬‬ ‫)‪(10-56‬‬

‫)‪~,,(5) = ~1111,,(5)+ 51-,,,1,,(5)+ ~)/01(5‬‬ ‫)‪(10-57‬‬
‫)‪1(/5) = ~,1/1,,(5) = 5101(5) + 1301(5)+ 1~(5‬‬ ‫)‪(10-58‬‬

‫‪324‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~,,/ ~,,,‬‬ ‫‪15 /(110~11‬‬ ‫(‪35 111~ (1111€ ~0115((111( 01 (11010‬‬ ‫~(‪3((11311.1‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.111.‬‬ ‫‪~(0(11‬‬
‫‪~().‬‬ ‫‪(10-58),‬‬ ‫‪111~ (11010( 5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(10-61‬‬

‫)‪1()(5) - 1~(5‬‬
‫)‪(10-62‬‬
‫)‪13(57,,, + 1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪7,,/ = 1/13 15 /(110~11 35 111~ 111€~/1(1111~(1/ (1111€ ~0115((111( 01111~ (11010(.‬‬ ‫‪~()1.13110115‬‬
‫‪(10-56),‬‬ ‫‪(10-60),‬‬ ‫)‪3110 (10-62‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0~ 1.15~0 10 0(3‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0~~11-100‬‬ ‫(‪010~/‬‬ ‫‪013~(3(11‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬
‫‪5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-23.‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫~‪~055101‬‬ ‫‪01511.1(0311~~5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪3110 1030‬‬
‫‪10(()1.1~,‬‬ ‫‪1~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪51~30~-5131‬‬ ‫‪(~5~0115~5‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬ ‫‪0~1~((11111~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~0(110111111~ 111~ 111-‬‬
‫~‪01~101.131 (~5~0115‬‬ ‫‪01.1~ 10 ~,‬‬ ‫‪3110 1~.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪(~5~0115‬‬ ‫~~‪01.1~ 10 3 51‬‬ ‫~~‪~11311~~ 111 111~ (~1~(~11‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪15 0013111~0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪5~11111~ 1/_ 10 2~(0.‬‬ ‫‪~(0(11‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-23,‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪~311 0013111‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪(~5~0115‬‬ ‫‪01.1~ 10‬‬
‫~~‪(~1~(~11‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫)‪~2~,)(/(~,,,13‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪10 2~(0.‬‬
‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬
‫~‪(~5~0115‬‬
‫(‪111~ 010~/‬‬
‫‪10-24.‬‬
‫)‪52( 7 7 11,‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪01.1~ 10 3 ~11311~~ 111 1030‬‬

‫(‪013~(3(1110‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪5(70‬‬ ‫‪+ 7,,,) + 1 + (~~1/)2/~,,,13‬‬

‫‪10(()1.1~,‬‬
‫‪3 51~~ ~11311~~ 111 1030‬‬
‫‪1~,‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬ ‫‪0013111~0‬‬
‫~~‪10(()1.1~ 01511.1(0311‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬
‫)‪(10-63‬‬

‫‪5~11111~ ~,‬‬
‫‪15 5110~11‬‬

‫)‪(1/13)(570 + 1‬‬
‫)‪(10-64‬‬
‫‪52(707,,,) + 5(70 + 7,,,) + 1 + (~,)/)2/~,,,13‬‬

‫~‪05111‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111131 ~311.1~ 111~0(~(11,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 51~30~-5131‬‬ ‫~‪(~13110115111‬‬ ‫‪01 3 ~11311~~ 111 5~~~0,‬‬
‫‪/1(0, 01.1~ 10 3 51~~ ~11311~~ 111 ~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪/1 ~,,‬‬ ‫‪3110 3 51~~ ~11311~~ 1111030‬‬ ‫‪10(()1.1~,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪,.,(5‬‬

‫‪111~0..~ 10-23‬‬

‫‪58~. 10-6‬‬ ‫‪325‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫_ )‪.~(5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫)‪8(5,.,,, + 1‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫)‪8,,,(5,.. + 1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~11-,‬‬ ‫)‪~30 0~ ~01.100 ~(001 ~().5. (10-63‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪(10-64),‬‬ ‫‪(~5~~~11~~1)1,‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 51.1051111.1110‬‬
‫= ‪5‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬
‫(‪~2~,,1‬‬
‫~‪~ 11‬‬ ‫)‪(10-65‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~~13 + (~~1/)2‬‬

‫~~‬
‫= )‪~0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~11-‬‬ ‫)‪( 10-66‬‬
‫‪~,/113‬‬ ‫‪+ (~1)/)2‬‬
‫‪111~ 0~ 5~(1~5‬‬ ‫‪01010(5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪1.15~0 ~)(1~051~~1)110‬‬ ‫‪1(3~1100‬‬ ‫‪3~~11~311005‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~‪51~(0)1-5131‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪15 0~1~(0110~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1111‬‬ ‫‪~(1~1100‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪~(301~01‬‬ ‫‪~0(~~5.‬‬ ‫~‪13)1 (0)1.15110‬‬
‫~(‪111~ 3(01311.1‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~,‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 01010‬‬ ‫‪013)1 0~ 0~~(31~0‬‬ ‫~‪31 3 ~005130110(().1.1‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫)‪~1.1((~01‬‬
‫~‪1.1~ 10 111~ 035‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 ~0((~5~0005‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 013)(1011.101‬‬ ‫~(‪3(01311.1‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~.‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪~110~~~(-~001(011~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 5~(1~5‬‬ ‫(‪01010‬‬ ‫~~‪0(1‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-25.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~(‪3(01311.1‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪15 (~131~0‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ ~001(01‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫)~~‪(~~~(~0‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪0)1 3‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(‪110~3‬‬
‫~~‪~1130‬‬
‫‪~310‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ ~110~~~(,‬‬
‫~‪~1111111‬‬ ‫~(‪3(01311.1‬‬
‫‪~2.‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬

‫‪1)0‬‬ ‫=‬
‫=~‬
‫~‪~551.10110‬‬
‫‪300‬‬

‫‪~21),‬‬

‫)‪~1)00‬‬
‫‪(~013105‬‬
‫(‪11131111~ 03~/‬‬
‫‪~0051301,‬‬
‫‪~01~ ~0051301‬‬ ‫‪~,. 00~5‬‬
‫‪111~ 5)151~01 ~().1.1311005‬‬
‫‪001‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬

‫)‪(10-67‬‬

‫)‪(10-68‬‬

‫)‪~1‬‬ ‫‪0/0‬‬
‫= ‪0‬‬ ‫‪~,,//0+ 1--/11‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪~~(10-69‬‬
‫(‪0‬‬

‫= ‪1(/‬‬ ‫~‪~11‬‬ ‫)‪(10-70‬‬

‫)‪(0‬‬
‫‪1 (/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1-‬‬
‫‪0( + 130) + 11-‬‬
‫)‪(10-71‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪.‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫(~)‬

‫~‪~~0~~6‬‬
‫‪~~~,‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬
‫‪93,~,‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬

‫‪326‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫)‪8(5,.,,, + 1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~().0311011‬‬ ‫)‪(10-70‬‬ ‫‪~011131115 3 ~(0011~1‬‬ ‫~~~‪01 ~3(1301~-1‬‬ ‫‪110111111~3(111~5,‬‬ ‫‪3110 35 3 (~51111‬‬
‫‪10~ 3~~11~311011‬‬ ‫(~‪011(31151‬‬ ‫‪11111~110111~~0111().11~5 ~01110‬‬ ‫(~~‪1101011‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~3110.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬
‫~‪10~5‬‬ ‫~‪~().113110115 ~311 0‬‬ ‫‪1111~3(12~0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪~011510~(111‬‬ ‫‪3 5111311 ~~(111(0311011‬‬ ‫~‪31 10‬‬ ‫‪0~-‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪~(31111‬‬ ‫‪~01111.‬‬ ‫‪1-~1115‬‬ ‫‪0~1111~ 10~ 5~51~111 ~3(3111~1~(5‬‬ ‫‪3(011110‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 0~~(31111‬‬ ‫‪~01111 35‬‬

‫)‪0.‬‬ ‫‪0.)() +‬‬ ‫)‪~0.‬‬ ‫~)‪1‬‬ ‫‪= ~,-() +‬‬ ‫~)‪~1‬‬ ‫‪11.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)(‪11.‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~11.‬‬

‫~‪~~~0~1112111‬‬ ‫‪1031‬‬ ‫‪~/(1 ~0.) 3110 (~/0)2‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫~(~~‬ ‫‪5111311, 1~110111~ 10 2~(0,‬‬ ‫‪~().5.‬‬ ‫)‪(10-67‬‬
‫)‪10 (10-71‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ 1111~3(12~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫)‪(10-72‬‬

‫)‪~€1/5‬‬ ‫)‪1(,,(10() ~0.)(5‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫))‪0.)() ~10(5‬‬ ‫)‪(10-73‬‬

‫)‪~ ~0(5‬‬ ‫)‪~~ ~10(5‬‬ ‫)‪+ 5~~. ~10(5) + ~€1((5‬‬ ‫)‪(10-74‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫)‪~1,1(5) = 21(,,10()~10(5‬‬ ‫)‪(10-75‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪~1,1(5) = 51 ~0.)(5) + /3 ~0.)(5) + ~11.(5‬‬ ‫)‪(10-76‬‬

‫~‪10~5‬‬ ‫~(‪11~~ ~().113110115 3‬‬ ‫‪511111~1~111 10 ~51301150‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪010‬‬ ‫‪013~(3111‬‬ ‫‪01 3 0~ 5~(1~5‬‬
‫(‪111010‬‬ ‫~~‪0(1‬‬ ‫‪35 500~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-26.‬‬ ‫‪1115 ~~10~1111(0111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-26‬‬ ‫~~‪1031 311~ ~0311‬‬
‫(~‪111 ~110‬‬ ‫~~‪(~1~(~11‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫~~‪10(().11~ ~111 (~51111 111 3 ~0311‬‬ ‫‪01 5~~~0.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫~~‪010‬‬ ‫‪013~(3111‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪3 ~0311‬‬ ‫~~‪111 (~1~(~11‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪15 500~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-273‬‬ ‫‪3110 1031‬‬
‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪3 ~0311‬‬ ‫‪111 1030‬‬ ‫‪10(().11~ 15 500~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-270.‬‬

‫‪5€~. 10-6‬‬ ‫‪327‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫)‪8(5..-,,, + 1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~~‪~1130‬‬
‫‪811~~0‬‬
‫‪11(0110(11003110‬‬
‫~~‪(~~~(~0‬‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(‪8~080‬‬
‫‪111~ 011~0-10011‬‬
‫‪18 ~000~~1~0‬‬

‫~~‪~0113‬‬
‫‪18 8110~0 10 ~1~. 10-28.‬‬
‫‪111~ 811~~0,‬‬

‫‪111~ ~108~0-10011‬‬
‫‪~(0111 ~1~. 10-28 ~1111 11- = 0 38‬‬

‫)‪(0(5‬‬
‫)‪~~(5‬‬

‫~‪111~ (~811008‬‬
‫_‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪52(,./1,./11‬‬
‫‪3((30~~111~01‬‬
‫‪10 111~ 011111111 8113~1.‬‬

‫~‪81~11 (~811008‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪5(,-/1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪,./11‬‬

‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬

‫(‪18 31111111~1~0 0~ 3 ~3~10‬‬

‫(‪~~ 10 ~0(111 111~ ~((0‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬

‫~~‪011~ 10 3 ~1130‬‬

‫)‪1(21(,)(/(~/11/3‬‬
‫‪10-22‬‬

‫‪~€.‬‬
‫‪1010‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪3 ~108~0-10011‬‬
‫‪111~ 011111111 0~ 111~ 8~080(,‬‬
‫‪0~ 1(1 300‬‬ ‫‪18 ~0111113(~0‬‬
‫()~‪~0111111~1~ 010‬‬

‫~~‪10 (~~~(~0‬‬

‫‪+ 1 + ((1(,,1/)2 + 1(11(21(,,1/)/~/11/3‬‬

‫‪011~ 10 3 ~1130~~ 10 111~ 1030 10(().11~ 11- ~30 3180 0~ 001310~0‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬
‫‪8~81~111,‬‬
‫‪~111~1118‬‬
‫~‪~1111111‬‬
‫‪013~(3111‬‬

‫‪18 ~01100‬‬

‫)‪(10-77‬‬

‫‪~(0111‬‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫‪~1~. 10-28‬‬ ‫‪0~ 8~1110~ ~~ 10 2~(0.‬‬

‫)‪(1//3)(5,./1 + 1‬‬
‫)‪52(,./1,./11‬‬
‫‪+ 5(,./1+ ,./11)+ 1 + ((1(,,1/)2 + 1(11(21(,)/)/~/11/3‬‬ ‫)‪(10-78‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫)‪~,,,(5 + 1‬‬

‫‪328‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫‪~()),‬‬
‫~‪05111‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1111(11~(111.1~ 111~0(~111,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 51~(10)1-51(11~ (11(111~~ 111 5~~~0,‬‬ ‫~~‪01.1~ 10 (1 51‬‬
‫‪(11(111~~ 111 (0111(01‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫‪~ ~0 (1110 (1 51~~ (11(111~~ 111 10(10 10(()1.1~,‬‬ ‫~‪~ 1/~, ((111 11‬‬
‫‪101.1110 1(0111 ~()5.‬‬ ‫)‪(10-77‬‬ ‫‪(1110 (10-78),‬‬ ‫‪(~5~~(11~~1)1,‬‬ ‫~‪11)1 51.11151111.11111‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪= 0.‬‬
‫()‪~2~,‬‬
‫))(~‬ ‫~~ ~‬ ‫)‪(10-79‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪~.,,13 + (~1)1/)2 + ~1~2~)1‬‬

‫)‪(10-80‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~))(‪~)(301‬‬ ‫‪10-12‬‬

‫~(‪~ 50-/‬‬ ‫‪240- ~ 1700-(~111 5~~3(31~))1 ~)((11~0 0( 111010( 15 (0111(011~0 0)1 3 (011.,,~(1~( 35‬‬
‫()(‪5110~11 111111~ 010‬‬ ‫‪013~(3111 ~1~. 10-28.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11~10 (11((~111 15 111311113111~0(011513111 31‬‬

‫~‪/1 = 1.4 ~ 3110111~1113(11111‬‬ ‫‪03(/( ~1111(01151311115/(~ = 0.91 ~/~-(30/5.‬‬ ‫~(‪111~ 3(1113111‬‬

‫‪(~5151311(~ 15 8.,,, = 0.10‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~ ~15(01151(1(11011 (01151311115 /3 = 0.3 ~.111/(30/5.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(~~‪3111~1111(311011 01111~ 5~~~0 5~1150( 15 /(1 = 95 111~/(30/5 3110 111~ ~3111 01111~ ~0‬‬
‫‪(0111(0)1~( 15 /(2 = 100.‬‬ ‫~‪(3) 1)~1~(111111~ 111~ (31~010(().11~ 01111~ 111010(. (0) 1)~1~(111111‬‬
‫~(‪(() )1111~ (~1~(~11‬‬
‫‪111~ (~1~(~11(~ .,,0)13~~ ~7 10 0(1.,,~ 111~ 111010( 31 111~ (31~0 5~~~0.‬‬
‫‪.,,0113~~ 15 /(~~1 1111(11311~~0, 0~1~(111111~ 111~ 5~~~0 ~11~11 111~ 111010( 0~.,,~10~5 111~ (31~0‬‬
‫‪10(().11~.‬‬ ‫‪(0) )1111~ 1030 10(().11~ 15 111((~35~0‬‬ ‫‪0)110%‬‬ ‫‪01111~ (31~0‬‬ ‫~‪.,,3111~, 0~1~(111111~ 111‬‬
‫‪111010( 5~~~0.‬‬ ‫~(‪(~) )1111~ (~1~(~11‬‬ ‫‪.,,0)13~~ 15 (~011(~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 10%,‬‬ ‫(‪0~1~(111111~ 111~ 111010‬‬
‫‪5~~~0.‬‬ ‫‪(1) )1111~ 1030 10(().11~ 15111((~35~0 0)110%‬‬ ‫~(‪01111~ (31~0 .,,3)11~ 3110 111~ (~1~(~11‬‬
‫‪.,,0)13~~ 15 (~011(~0 0)110%,‬‬ ‫‪0~1~(111111~ 111~ 111010( 5~~~0.‬‬ ‫(‪(~) )1111~(~ ~35 1101~~003(/‬‬
‫~‪111311 0~~11-)00‬‬ ‫‪(0111(0),‬‬ ‫‪0~1~(111111~ 111~ 5~~~0‬‬ ‫(‪(~~11131101110‬‬ ‫~(‪3 (~1~(~11‬‬ ‫‪.,,0)13~~ 01 ~7‬‬
‫‪= 2.31~.‬‬ ‫‪(11) 1)~1~(111111~ 111~ 5~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪(~~111311011 ~1111 3 (105~0-100‬‬ ‫‪(0111(01.‬‬

‫‪80)111100 /, = 1.4~,‬‬ ‫‪/(~ = 0.91 ~ ~-(30/5, /(, = 95 111~/(30/5, /(2 = 100, 8.,,, = 0.1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪0, /3 = 0.3 ~.111/(30/5, 3110 (,)~0(00= 1700,,-/30 = 178.02 (30/5.‬‬
‫‪(3) 111~ (31~0 10(().11~, 11- = 50,000/178.02‬‬

‫~~‬ ‫‪/(2~7‬‬
‫()‪/(,‬‬
‫‪= 280.87 ~.111.‬‬
‫‪(0) 8111(~ ~~ = /(2~7, 10( 0~~11-100~ (0111(01 ~().. (10-65) ~1.,,~5‬‬

‫~ ‪~ _-‬‬ ‫_‬
‫‪- 8.,,,/3 + (/(,/,)2‬‬
‫‪0.91‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪1.4‬‬
‫‪= 0.1 )( 0.3 + (0.91 )( 1.4)2‬‬ ‫‪= 0.7707‬‬

‫‪~1 (31~0 5~~~0,‬‬

‫)‪(,‬‬
‫‪178.02‬‬
‫= ~~‬
‫~ ‪0.7707 = 0.7707 = 230.98‬‬
‫(‪3110 1~~003(/‬‬ ‫‪.,,0113~~,‬‬

‫)‪/(1(,‬‬ ‫‪)( 10-3‬‬ ‫()‬

‫=‪~0‬‬ ‫‪= 95‬‬ ‫‪178.02‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪16.912‬‬ ‫~‬
‫()‬
‫)‪~1111 ()05~0-100~ (0111(01, (~7 - ~0)/(2 = ~~ 0( (~7 - 16.912‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪100 = 230.98, ~111(11‬‬
‫‪~1.,,~5111~(~1~(~11(~ .,,0113~~, ~7 = 19.222~.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(() ~7 = 19.222 ~, /111- = 280.87 ~.111, 3110 ~().. (10-80) ~1.,,~5‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪280.86‬‬
‫)‪/1(,‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪0.3 + (0.91‬‬
‫‪)( 1.4)2 + 95 )( 10-3‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪0.91‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪1.4‬‬

‫‪111~ 5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪31 (31~0‬‬ ‫‪10(().11~,‬‬

‫)‪(,‬‬ ‫‪175.98‬‬ ‫‪(30/5‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪1680.5‬‬ ‫‪(~111‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪178.02‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪2.04‬‬ ‫=‬

‫‪58~. 10-6‬‬ ‫‪329‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪(0) /111-. = 1.1 )( 280.86‬‬ ‫‪= 308.87 ~.01 3110 ~().. (10-80) 81..,~5‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪308.96‬‬
‫= ‪/1(0‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪)( 1.4)2‬‬ ‫() ‪)( 10-3‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.3 + (0.91‬‬ ‫‪+ 95‬‬ ‫‪100 )( 0.91 )( 1.4‬‬

‫‪- 2.246 .30/5‬‬

‫‪111~ 01010.‬‬ ‫‪5))~~0,‬‬

‫‪(0‬‬
‫‪= 178.02‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪2.246‬‬ ‫‪= 175.774 .30/5‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪1678.5 .))01‬‬
‫()‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~‪(~) /1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪-0.1‬‬ ‫‪19.222‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪-1.9222‬‬ ‫)‪~ 3110 ~().. (10-79‬‬ ‫‪81..,~5111~ ~113118~ 111‬‬
‫‪5))~~0,‬‬

‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬

‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪0.91‬‬ ‫‪1.4‬‬ ‫‪1.9222‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪1.4)2 + 95‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫‪+ (0.91‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪0.91‬‬ ‫‪1.4‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪-17.8.30/5‬‬

‫‪(0‬‬
‫‪= 178.02‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪17.8 = 160.22 .30/5 0~ 1530 ~))01‬‬
‫~‪(1) 111~ 01010~ 5))~~0 ~311 0~ 0013111~0 0~ ~511185~))~~))05111011‬‬

‫‪(0‬‬
‫‪= 178.02 - 2.246‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪17.8 = 158 .30/5‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪1508.5 ~))01‬‬

‫‪(8) /1~~ = 2.31 ~ 3110 ~().. (10-65) 81..,~5‬‬

‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪0.91‬‬ ‫‪1.4‬‬ ‫‪2.31‬‬
‫‪/1(0‬‬ ‫‪178.02 .30/5‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪1700 ~))01‬‬
‫‪= 0.1‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪0.3 + (0.91‬‬ ‫()‬
‫= ‪1.4)2‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪3110 111~ 110-1030 5))~~015‬‬
‫~‪~.01‬‬

‫‪/1(0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪(0‬‬ ‫‪= 178.02 ~30/5 0.1700 ~))01. ~0~ 1~111030, /111 = 280.87‬‬

‫‪0.1‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪0.1‬‬
‫‪0.3 + (0.91‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪280.87‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪1.4)2‬‬ ‫‪-16.99‬‬ ‫‪~30/5‬‬

‫‪3110 111~ 1~11-1030 5))~~0,‬‬

‫‪(0‬‬
‫‪= 178.02‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪16.99 = 161.03 ~30/5‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪1537.7 ~))01‬‬

‫‪111~ 5))~~0‬‬ ‫‪.~8~136011‬‬ ‫))‪~1111 0))~11-100‬‬ ‫‪~0111.0115‬‬

‫‪1700 -‬‬ ‫‪1537.7‬‬

‫‪1537.7‬‬ ‫‪= 10.55~0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1700 - 1680.5‬‬
‫‪1680.5‬‬ ‫‪= 1.16%‬‬

‫‪~0(€.‬‬ ‫‪13)1 ~105~0-100~ ~001(01, 10.~ 5~~~0 (~~1.11(11100 15 (~01.1~~0 0)1 3 13~10( 01‬‬
‫‪3~~(0)(1111(11~1)1 10, 1(0111 10.55%‬‬ ‫‪10 1.16%.‬‬

‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪~(~~15‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~001(01‬‬ ‫‪01 5~(~0‬‬ ‫~‪5)151~1115, ~105~0-100‬‬ ‫‪~001(0115‬‬ ‫‪00(111311)11.15~0.‬‬
‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0,‬‬ ‫‪~0.1~0.‬‬ ‫‪15 5~05~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 30310‬‬ ‫~‪5~0510‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫‪(~.~.,‬‬ ‫‪13~0.0111~1~(),‬‬ ‫‪15 ~0111-‬‬

‫‪330‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(8‬‬

‫‪0~ (110(0~ 800 ,080‬‬

‫‪~------------‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪+‬‬ ‫‪.0‬‬

‫‪()3(~0‬‬

‫‪013~(3(11‬‬
‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬

‫‪01~1131‬‬
‫‪1/1~ 5()~~0‬‬
‫~~‪(~1~(~11‬‬
‫~‪~11/11/1‬‬
‫~‪~0113~~ 011/1‬‬
‫‪3(~ 110110~31‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪~311 0‬‬ ‫‪1(11()(0~~0‬‬

‫‪10-293‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~‪(~1~(~11‬‬
‫‪(11010(.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~5‬‬
‫‪3110 1/1~ 5()~~0‬‬
‫‪11 01~1131‬‬
‫‪01 3 ~011~~(1~(-1~0‬‬

‫)(‪111 3 ()/135~-10~/(~0-100‬‬

‫‪111 ()/135~5‬‬
‫(‪0~1~~10‬‬
‫‪5()~~0‬‬

‫(~‪3110 1/1~ 1(31151‬‬

‫‪()1.115~ 1(3111 0)1 1.15111~ 3 5()~~0‬‬

‫(‪1~~003~/‬‬
‫(‪()1.115~ 1(3111 (0‬‬
‫‪3 ()1.115~-~101/1-(11001.1131~0‬‬
‫‪51~1131 01‬‬

‫~‪3110 1(~((1.1~11~1~5 011/1‬‬

‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫)(‪~0(11()3(310‬‬
‫~‪10 ~~11~(31‬‬
‫(‪311310~ 0~~1~~510‬‬

‫)(‪()/135~-10~/(~0-100‬‬
‫(‪0~ (11010‬‬

‫‪~0111(01‬‬
‫~~‪0(1‬‬
‫)‪(0‬‬

‫(‪11.111~11011010~/‬‬
‫(‪1/1~ ~((0‬‬

‫)~~~(‬

‫(‪5)151~(11, 1/1~ (11010‬‬

‫‪~11~00~(.‬‬
‫‪1(~((1.1~11~)1 /0.‬‬
‫(‪1(~((1.1~11~)1) /~ ~11/11/1~ 1~~003~/‬‬
‫~~‪01.11()1.11~0113‬‬

‫~‪15 3~311301‬‬ ‫‪1111111~~(31~0‬‬

‫~‪1/1‬‬
‫~‪1/1‬‬
‫~‪51~1131 3110 10 ~3()11/1‬‬
‫‪5()~~0 5~115111~ 3110 ~0(11()3(111~ 51~11315‬‬
‫‪(~~1.1131101115 (110(~ 1/1311 0.2%.‬‬ ‫(‪1/1~ 5()~~0 (~~1.11310‬‬
‫‪~0111(01‬‬
‫)(‪~11/1 ()/135~-10~/(~0-100‬‬
‫‪013~(3(11‬‬ ‫‪15 5/10~11‬‬
‫‪5()~~0‬‬
‫~‪01.11()1.11 011/1‬‬
‫(‪()/135~ 0~1~~10‬‬
‫‪15 1.15~0.‬‬

‫‪1(~((1.1~11~)1 ~) 3110 ()(0~10~5‬‬

‫‪11~ ~111~/115 ()(0()0(110113110‬‬
‫~~‪(~1~(~11‬‬ ‫(‪3110 1~~003~/‬‬
‫~~‪1/1~ 0111~(~11‬‬

‫‪~1(~1.1115.‬‬
‫‪~0111(0115‬‬
‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪15 ~011~~(1~0‬‬

‫‪()1.115~ 1(31115.‬‬
‫~‬
‫(~‪~11~00‬‬
‫~(‪3((11311.1‬‬

‫~‪1/1‬‬

‫‪~0(11()3(~5‬‬

‫)(‪10~-()355100‬‬
‫~‪1/1‬‬
‫(‪010~/‬‬
‫‪5/10~11‬‬
‫‪10-290.‬‬
‫‪10 3‬‬
‫‪3~15 35‬‬
‫~‪1/1‬‬

‫~‪()/135‬‬
‫(~‪1111‬‬
‫‪~011~~(15‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ ()1.115~ 1(3111 11~ 10 3 ~01111111.101.150~ 1~~~1‬‬ ‫‪110 ~/11~/1‬‬ ‫‪~3(1~5‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 01.11()1.11 01‬‬
‫(~~‪1/1~ ()0‬‬ ‫(~‪~011~~(1‬‬ ‫(‪3110 111 11.1(11 1/1~ (11010‬‬ ‫‪5()~~0.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~/1~11‬‬ ‫(‪1/1~ (11010‬‬ ‫~‪(1.1115 311/1‬‬ ‫‪53(11~ 5()~~0‬‬ ‫~~‪35 1/1~ (~1~(~11‬‬ ‫‪()1.115~ 1(3111, 1/1~ 1~0‬‬
‫‪1(~((1.1~11~1~5‬‬ ‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪5)111~/1(01112~0‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫)‪10~/(~0‬‬ ‫(~‪10~~1/1‬‬ ‫‪~11/1‬‬ ‫~‪3 ()/135‬‬ ‫‪0111~(~11~~.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫~‪01.11()1.11 011/1‬‬ ‫~‪()/135‬‬ ‫(‪0~1~~10‬‬ ‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫~~‪0~ 3 ~011513111 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪()(0()0(110113110‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬
‫~‪()/135‬‬ ‫~~‪0111~(~11‬‬ ‫~‪3110 1/1~ 51~(0)1-5131‬‬ ‫(‪(11010‬‬ ‫‪5()~~0‬‬ ‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫‪0~ (11311113111~0 31 3 11)(~0‬‬
‫~~‪~311.1~ )((~5()~~11‬‬ ‫~‪011/1‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪011 1/1~ (11010(.‬‬ ‫‪~11)1 01511.1(0311~~5‬‬ ‫~‪~0111(101.11111~ 10 1/1‬‬
‫‪5()~~0‬‬ ‫~~‪~/1311~~ ~01.110 (~51.111111 3 ()/135~ 0111~(~11‬‬ ‫~‪3110 1/1~ 01.11()1.11011/1‬‬ ‫~‪()/135‬‬ ‫(‪0~1~~10‬‬
‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫‪(~5()0110‬‬ ‫‪1(11(11~0131~1)110‬‬ ‫~‪~3()11/1‬‬ ‫‪5()~~0‬‬ ‫~‪011/1‬‬ ‫(‪(11010‬‬ ‫‪111 51.1~/1 3 01(~~11011‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬
‫~‪1113~11111.10~ 35 10 (~13111 1/1~ 10~/(111~ 011/1‬‬ ‫~~‪(~1~(~11‬‬ ‫(‪31101~~003~/‬‬ ‫‪1(~((1.1~11~1~5.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬
‫~‪(~5()0115‬‬ ‫~‪011/1‬‬ ‫~‪()/135‬‬ ‫(‪0~1~~10‬‬ ‫‪18 ~~()1‬‬ ‫‪1381.‬‬ ‫‪~8‬‬ ‫‪1011~ 38 1/1~ 1~0‬‬ ‫‪1(~((1.1~11~1~8‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪10-6‬‬ ‫‪331‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪10~/(~0,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 8~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪(~~111(111011 81101110 10~(111~ 0‬‬ ‫‪2~(0.‬‬ ‫‪1-(0~~~~(,‬‬ ‫~~‪111 ~((1~11‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪8~~~0 (~~111(1110111811(1111~0 10 0.002 %, (1110 11118 (~~(~8~1118‬‬ ‫‪(1 81~11111~(11111(11~(0~~(11~111‬‬
‫‪0~~( 111~ (111(110~ 8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01 8~81~(11.‬‬

‫‪111~ (111(110~ ~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪8~11~(11~ 10( (1 ~011~~(1~(-1~0‬‬ ‫(‪0~ (11010‬‬ ‫~~‪0(1‬‬ ‫‪~(111 0~ 1(11~1~(11~111~0‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪11(1(0~1(~0‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1(0111~8.‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬ ‫‪(111(110~ ~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪8~11~(11~ 11(18 8~~~((11‬‬ ‫~‪018(10~(1111(1~~8‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪110111111~(1(11~ 01 8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪8~1180(,‬‬ ‫~(‪1~(11~~((1111‬‬ ‫‪0~~~110~11~~,‬‬ ‫‪0(111,‬‬ ‫‪(1110 0118~1.‬‬ ‫~~‪011‬‬
‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫~~‪~1(~1111 18 011111 10 (11~~1 ~~(1(1111 ~~(10((11(111‬‬ ‫‪~(11~(1(1,‬‬ ‫~(‪11 (11(1~ (~~111‬‬ ‫(‪(11(1)0‬‬
‫‪~11(111~~8 111 111~ 11(1(0~1(~0‬‬ ‫(~‪10~1~ ~1(~11118 10 (11~~1 0111‬‬ ‫~~‪~~(10((11(111‬‬ ‫‪(~~111(~(11~1118.‬‬
‫~‬ ‫(~‪(111~(0~0(11~111‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪(~011~~8‬‬ ‫‪111~ 812~ (1110 ~0818 0111(1(0~1(~0‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1(0111~8,‬‬
‫~‪1(11~(0~111‬‬ ‫~‪(~11(101111‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪~~(10((11(111~~.‬‬ ‫‪11118‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫~‪8~11~(11‬‬ ‫‪18 1(11~1~-‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(11~111~0‬‬ ‫~(‪111 111~ 8011~(1‬‬ ‫~‪(1110 18 11~)(101‬‬ ‫‪10 ~11(111~~ 111~ ~0111(01‬‬ ‫~~~‪81((11‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪(11~~1‬‬
‫‪0111~(~111‬‬ ‫~~‪~~(10((11(111‬‬ ‫‪~11(1((1~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪0( (100 ~)(1((1 ~0111(011~(1111(~8.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪(111~(0~0(11-‬‬
‫(~‪~111‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪8~81~(11‬‬ ‫‪~(111 (1180 ~~(10((11‬‬ ‫‪~(1(10118‬‬ ‫~‪0~81((101‬‬ ‫‪11111~110118~ 011/011‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬
‫(~~‪(11(1111~0‬‬ ‫‪811~~1~,‬‬ ‫~‪81(1(1/810‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~,‬‬ ‫‪8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01,‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111 ~0111(01,‬‬ ‫‪(110111-‬‬
‫~‪10(111‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪~(1(1(101~8,‬‬ ‫‪111111(11111~~(01~~11011‬‬
‫(‪(1110 1(1~ ~1(~1111, 01(1~110811~8 10‬‬
‫~(‪0111/1-111 1(111/1 11110111~, (1110 ~0(11(1111111~(111011 ~1111 (1 811~~(~180‬‬ ‫‪~~111((11 ~0(11~111~(.‬‬

‫‪~1~11(~ 10-30 8110~8‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫~‪8~11~(11(111‬‬ ‫(‪01(1~((1(1110‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫(~‪(111~(0~0(11~111‬‬ ‫‪~0111(0101‬‬ ‫‪(1 ~011~~(1~(-‬‬

‫‪1~0 1011(-~11(10((1111‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0(1~~.‬‬

‫~‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~-‬‬
‫‪- - ~-‬‬
‫‪0818~~~0011~00‬‬
‫‪01 1~~~~510~5‬‬
‫‪10 08 1~~80‬‬
‫‪.- - -- ~ --,‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~ ‪08~01~-0109~8‬‬
‫~‪---=--‬‬ ‫‪- -‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫~)‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪- - - ... - -‬‬

‫‪- -‬‬
‫‪(..~08‬‬
‫‪5~0~~~00~2~09‬‬
‫‪~~~~~~1‬‬
‫‪8109~8-~~0158‬‬
‫~‪01~5~~~1‬‬

‫‪~ 9808~011~00/- -‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪- - -‬‬

‫~‪~--~--‬‬
‫‪,- - - - - -1‬‬ ‫‪1 - --‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪8~~~801‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫‪1 - -1 - -‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‪_ ~001~0~18‬‬
‫~ ~ _ _ ‪_ ..‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~0~~-‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪~~158‬‬
‫‪01~~~~1~8~5‬‬
‫‪- - - - -+1~ (1~010~0101‬‬
‫‪,--~--,‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~~‪~09‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪8~~~801‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫~‪~0~~01~0110‬‬ ‫~)‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪_ _ _ -1‬‬
‫‪~--‬‬ ‫~‪( --~---,-- -,‬‬
‫‪,-- - -‬‬ ‫‪( -‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‬ ‫‪8~980‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪- - --‬‬
‫‪~ _ ~~1~~18~ _ ~,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪8~880‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫__~‬ ‫~‪~0~~01~0110‬‬
‫‪1 - - -‬‬
‫~‬

‫‪8~990‬‬
‫‪~919~90~8,‬‬ ‫~‪,..,‬‬

‫~‪8101(1/510‬‬
‫‪~0~~0100‬‬

‫‪332‬‬
 ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪8()~~0‬‬ ‫‪8181131 18 ~~0‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪11110 10‬‬ ‫(~‪1111~(0~0111()111‬‬ ‫‪1181118 311 ~/0‬‬ ‫‪(3113108-10-‬‬
‫)‪0181131‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(.‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫~‪111111110‬‬ ‫~(‪3(1113111‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111 0~ 10~ 111010(,‬‬ ‫‪311 11111~( ~11((~111-‬‬
‫)(‪~0111(01100‬‬ ‫‪18 118~0.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~(‪3(1113111‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111 8181131 ~311 0~ ~~0 11110 10~ 1111~(0~0111-‬‬
‫‪()111~( 10(01180‬‬ ‫‪311 ~/0‬‬ ‫(~‪~011~~(1‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 83111()11118 10‬‬ ‫~(‪3(1113111‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪1111‬‬
‫‪8)111~0(011121118‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111 18 (~().111(~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 8)111~0(01112‬‬ ‫‪10~ 8~11~(311011‬‬ ‫‪0~ 10~ ~1(1118 ()1118~8‬‬
‫‪~110‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪811()()1)1 1111~ ~(~().11~11~)1.‬‬ ‫‪~11001180‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(~‪1111~(0~0111()111‬‬ ‫‪~311 ()~(~0(111‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫~‪~1111~110118 0~ 831‬‬ ‫(‪()1118~ 8~11~(310‬‬ ‫~‪3110 1081‬‬ ‫~‪~1(~1111, 10~8‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪800~11‬‬ ‫~‪0111810‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪1111~(0~0111()111~(.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪()1118~ 3111()11~1~( ()(0~10~8‬‬ ‫‪10~ 11~~~883()11801311011‬‬ ‫‪3110 ()(0011~~8‬‬
‫~‪831‬‬ ‫‪()1118~8 0~ (~().111(~0‬‬ ‫‪111381111110~ 3110 011(311011.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪111 0~ 0(1~~8,‬‬ ‫~(‪10~ 3(1113111‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~1~10 ~01138~8‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0~ 111010(8‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~3(1~0‬‬ ‫(~‪0)1 ~110‬‬ ‫‪3~-‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0~ ~011~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~00()()~(8.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪3~-0‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(-~~0‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~8‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪110(111311)1118~0‬‬
‫‪111 ~3(1301~-8()~~0‬‬ ‫‪3()()11~3110118,‬‬ ‫‪~0~(~38‬‬ ‫‪~00()()~(-~~0‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~8‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫~(‪1110‬‬ ‫‪81111~0‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬
‫‪1(3~11011‬‬ ‫‪3()()11~3110118.‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪8~(1~8‬‬ ‫‪111010(8‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪1110811)1 118~0 111 1(3~11011‬‬ ‫‪3()()11~3110118,‬‬
‫(‪011~ 10 10~1‬‬ ‫‪~3()301111)1‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0180‬‬ ‫‪813(11118 10(().11~.‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~8‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬ ‫‪~13881~1~0‬‬ ‫‪0(0301)111110‬‬ ‫~~(‪10‬‬ ‫‪1)1()~8 0~()~1101118‬‬ ‫~‪011 10‬‬ ‫‪111()111‬‬
‫)‪811()()1)1~ (1‬‬ ‫~‪811181~-()038‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~8,‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫~‪10(~~-()038‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~8,‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬ ‫(~)()(‪~00‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~8.‬‬
‫‪~83111‬‬ ‫‪~3~0‬‬ ‫~~‪0(1‬‬ ‫‪~01110 0~ 811001~10~0‬‬ ‫~~(‪11110 10‬‬ ‫‪1)1()~8 0~()~1101118‬‬ ‫‪011 10~ 11100~8‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫~‪0()~(311011‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬ ‫‪011~-().1130(3111‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~8,‬‬ ‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪1~0-().1130(3111‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~8,‬‬ ‫‪3110 (~) ~011(-().1130(3111‬‬
‫‪0(1~~5.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~11~(8)1-83~1118‬‬ ‫~(‪~~3111‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~00()()~(-~~0‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~8‬‬ ‫~~‪18 ~~()1 311(3~11‬‬ ‫~‪~0( 118‬‬
‫‪111 1(3118()0(1311011‬‬ ‫‪8)181~1118 (~().111(1118 ~(~().11~111 810()8.‬‬
‫)(‪008~0-100‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01,‬‬ ‫‪~01~0‬‬ ‫‪038‬‬ ‫‪1113(1)1 30~311138~8,‬‬ ‫‪18 118~0 11111101181(131 0(1~~8.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪8()~~0‬‬
‫)(‪10~/(~0-100‬‬
‫‪~1~~1(0111~5,‬‬
‫(~‪~(0~0111()111‬‬
‫‪3110 ~311 ()~(~0(111‬‬
‫‪(~8111311011‬‬

‫~(‪3‬‬
‫)‪(~1.-1.-‬‬
‫‪0~ 0~ 0(1~~8‬‬
‫‪~0111(01.‬‬
‫‪1111111~0 111 ~~)(101111)1‬‬
‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~8,‬‬
‫~‪1113(1)1 0~81(301‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬

‫‪~01~0‬‬
‫~‪~311 0‬‬
‫‪3113108‬‬

‫~(‪3‬‬
‫~~‪3110 03‬‬
‫‪818111~1~3(111)1 1111()(0~~0‬‬
‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪8~0~111~8,‬‬
‫‪~~(13111‬‬ ‫‪01530~311138~5,‬‬
‫‪1111()1~111~111~0 111 50~1~3(~,‬‬
‫‪~1111~110115.‬‬
‫‪~01~0‬‬
‫‪0)1 1181118 ()038~-‬‬

‫~(‪3‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪03(0~1(~0‬‬
‫‪~0~(~35‬‬
‫~‪1110(~ ~~)(101‬‬
‫‪1111-‬‬

‫‪1. 1. ~. 1-111083~ 3110 ~.‬‬ ‫‪1-1. 1(38010,‬‬ ‫‪~/~~(,0111~~/1(1/1/~5‬‬ ‫‪(1/10 ~/~~(,/~(1/‬‬ ‫‪~(1~/1//1~,)1,‬‬ ‫‪811~1~-‬‬
‫‪~000‬‬ ‫‪01118,‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪1. ~ ~(~1111~~-1-1311, 111~., 1986.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪~. ~.‬‬ ‫‪5~11, 7/1))/./5(0,‬‬ ‫~)‪/‬‬ ‫‪/),/1/~5.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫~(‪~0(/‬‬ ‫~~‪10011 ~11‬‬ ‫‪~ 50118, 111~., 1981.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪3. ~. ~. 5~11 3110~.‬‬ ‫‪1-. ~~0011310,‬‬ ‫‪..10~(1810(12~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0(1,,,~8 ~110 (~~~11~(311,,,~ 0(3/(111~ 3110‬‬
‫‪8()~~0 (~,,,~(831.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪/‬‬ ‫‪7,.(1/15(1~(/0/15 0/1 //10/15(,/(1/ ~/~~(,0/1/~5‬‬ ‫‪(1/10 ~0/1(,0/‬‬ ‫‪//15(,1(111~/1-‬‬
‫‪((1(/0/1, ~01. 18025,‬‬ ‫‪~0. 4, 1978, ()(). 347-354.‬‬

‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪~. 11. 1(38010, ..0~1131111~ (~8()0118~8‬‬ ‫(~)()(‪01 0~ ~00‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~0 8~(1~8 111010(.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪/‬‬
‫‪7,(1/15(1~(/0/15 0/1//10/15(,/(1/‬‬ ‫‪~/~~(,.0/1/~5‬‬ ‫‪(1/10 ~0/1(,0/ //15(,/1111~/1((1(/0/1, ~01. 18~128,‬‬ ‫‪~0. 4,‬‬
‫‪1981, ()(). 323-340.‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪1-1. 1(38010,‬‬ ‫~‪..1(~~~11~(311,,,‬‬ ‫‪~03(3~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫(~)()(‪01 0~ ~00‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫‪8~(1~8 111010(.,,‬‬
‫~~~‪/‬‬ ‫‪7,.(1/15(1~(/0/15 0/1 11~/1/~/1/(1, 7~~/1/10/08)),‬‬ ‫‪~01.‬‬ ‫‪~133,‬‬ ‫‪~0.‬‬ ‫‪1, 1984,‬‬ ‫‪()(). 3-13.‬‬

‫‪333‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪6.‬‬ ‫~~~~‪8. ~~1111~~5, ..))~51~(1 ~(1~1)1515 0111111111~11~5~ 0~ ~110‬‬ ‫‪111010~ 0~1.,,~..,‬‬ ‫~~~‪/‬‬ ‫‪7,.(1/15-‬‬
‫‪(1~(10/15 0/1 //1(///5(,.)1 ,,4/1/1/1~(1(10/15, ~01. 1~8, ~0. 2, 1972,‬‬ ‫‪~~. 136-144.‬‬
‫‪7.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪11. ~~51110,‬‬ ‫‪..))~51~(1‬‬ ‫~‪011-‬‬ ‫‪1(1~111 1111~~ 10~ 11111111~11~5~0~ ~110~~~~5.,,‬‬ ‫‪~,.0~~~(/1/1155‬‬
‫‪/~~, ~01. 13130, ~0. 1, 1983, ~~. 310-44.‬‬
‫‪8.‬‬ ‫‪)).‬‬ ‫‪~. 0~1~~~,‬‬ ‫(‪~/1(15~/0~/‬‬ ‫~)‪1-00/15 10,. /‬‬ ‫‪1-40(0,. 5/1~~(/ ~0/1(,.0/.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫‪)10~/(~ 1011(1 ~11~)1‬‬
‫‪~ 50(15, 1(1~., 1981.‬‬
‫‪9.‬‬ ‫~‪5. 1(. 150 ~(1011. 1. 110, ..))~01~~1~01111~~0~~0~~550‬‬ ‫‪5~11~111~10~ 111)1~1510~~11~5~ ~0(11~01‬‬
‫‪0111111111~11~5~ ~0(1.,,~~1~~5.,,‬‬ ‫‪~,.0~~~(/1/1155 /~~,‬‬ ‫‪~01.‬‬ ‫‪1322, 1981, ~~. 101-108.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪10.‬‬ ‫‪1. 13~51 ~(10 11. ~1115~111~~, ..~0(11~01‬‬ ‫‪01 ~~111~111~~ ~(10 11~10 ~11~~~(11 01 ~ ~110~~~~-1~0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪111010~ 0~1.,,~ 0)1 ~ 51(1~1~ ~111~ 1111~~0~0111~111~~.,, 3,.(/ /~,,4 ~ 5)1/11/1051//~/1 0/1 ~0/1(,.0/ 1/1‬‬
‫‪~0~~,. ~/~~(,.0/11~5 (1/1(/ ~/~~(,.1~(1/ /),.11/~5, 1-,~115~(1(1~, 5~112~~1~(10, 1983, ~~. 515 - 522.‬‬

‫‪10-2. ~11~115‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪10-10.‬‬
‫‪10-11.‬‬

‫‪10-12.‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪10-1. ~11~1 ~~~ 111~ 111~~~ 1)1~~5 01 0~ 0~1.,,~5 0~5~0 0(1 111~ 1(1~111 511~~1)17‬‬

‫‪111010~5 7‬‬

‫‪~11~115‬‬
‫‪~11~1‬‬
‫‪111~ 111~~(1~112~110(1 ~11~~~~1~~1511~ 01 0~ 111010~57‬‬
‫‪10-3. ~11~1 15 111~ ~11~~05~ 01 ~ ~0(1.,,~~1~~ 1(1 0~ 0~1.,,~57‬‬
‫‪10-4. ~11~115‬‬
‫‪10-5. ~11~1‬‬
‫‪~ 0~5~ 5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪01 0~ 111010~57‬‬
‫‪~~~ 111~ ~~~~111~1~~5 10 0~ .,,~~1~0 10~ 5~~~0‬‬

‫‪10-7. ~11)1 ~~~ 111~ 0~ 5~~1~5 111010~5 1110511)1115~0 1(1 1~~~110(1 ~~~11~~110(157‬‬
‫‪10-8. ~11~115‬‬
‫‪10-9. ~11~115‬‬
‫‪~ 5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~~~111~110(1 01 0~ 0~1.,,~57‬‬
‫~‪111~ ~~1(1~1~1~ 0151(1~1~-~11~5‬‬
‫~‪111~ ~~1(1~1~1~ 01111~~~-~11~5‬‬
‫‪~~~ 111~ ~0.,,~(11~~~5‬‬
‫‪111010~ 0~1.,,~57‬‬
‫‪~11~1‬‬
‫~‪111010‬‬
‫‪~~~ 111~ ~0.,,~(11~~~5‬‬
‫‪0~1.,,~5‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫~‪~0(11~01 01 5~~~~~1~1)1 ~)(~11~0 0‬‬

‫‪10-6. ~111~11 ~~~ 111~ ~~~~111~1~~5 10 0~ .,,~~1~0 10~ 5~~~0 ~0(11~01 01 0~ 5~~1~5 111010~57‬‬

‫‪11111-~0(1.,,~~1~~-1~0 0~ 111010~ 0~1.,,~57‬‬

‫‪5~1111~0(1.,,~~1~~-1~0 0~ 111010~ 0~1.,,~57‬‬
‫‪~(10 015~0.,,~(11~~~5‬‬

‫‪~(10 015~0.,,~(11~~~5‬‬
‫~‪01 51(1~1~-~11~5~ 11111-~0(1.,,~~1~~-1~0 0‬‬

‫~‪01 51(1~1~-~11~5~ 5~1111~0(1.,,~~1~~-1~0 0‬‬

‫‪10-13.‬‬ ‫‪~11~1‬‬ ‫‪~~~ 111~ ~0.,,~(11~~~5‬‬ ‫‪~(10 015~0.,,~(11~~~5‬‬ ‫~‪01 111~~~-~11~5~ 11111-~0(1.,,~~1~~-1~0 0‬‬
‫‪111010~ 0~1.,,~57‬‬
‫‪10-14.‬‬ ‫‪~11~1‬‬ ‫‪~~~ 111~ ~0.,,~(11~~~5‬‬ ‫‪~(10 015~0.,,~(11~~~5‬‬ ‫‪01 111~~~-~11~5~ 5~1111~0(1.,,~~1~~-1~0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪111010~ 0~1.,,~57‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪10-15.‬‬ ‫‪~11~1‬‬ ‫‪~~~ 111~ ~0.,,~(11~~~5‬‬ ‫‪~(10 015~0.,,~(11~~~5‬‬ ‫‪01 111~~~-~11~5~ 011~1-~0(1.,,~~1~~-1~0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪111010~ 0~1.,,~57‬‬
‫‪10-16.‬‬ ‫‪~11)115‬‬ ‫~‪11 ~~~1~~~01‬‬ ‫‪10 115~ (1 5~1111~0(1.,,~~(~~ 10~ 11~10 ~0(11~01 01 5~~(1~(1(~1)1 ~)(~1(~0‬‬
‫‪1110(0~57‬‬
‫‪10-17.‬‬ ‫‪~11~115‬‬ ‫‪~ 0(1~-().11~0~~(11 0~ 0~1.,,~7‬‬
‫‪10-18.‬‬ ‫‪~11~115‬‬ ‫‪~ 1~0-().11~0~(1(11 0~ 0~1.,,~7‬‬
‫‪10-19.‬‬ ‫‪~11(1115‬‬ ‫‪(1 1011~-().11(10~~(1( 0~ 0~1.,,~7‬‬
‫‪10-20.‬‬ ‫‪~11(1( 15 111~ ~~1(1~1~1~ 01 ~~~~(1~~(111.,,~ 0~(1/(1(1~ 01 0~ ~110~~~~-1~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111010~ 0~1.,,~57‬‬

‫‪10-21.‬‬ ‫‪~11(1( 15 (11~ ~~1(1~1~1~ 01 ~11~051(111~ 0~(1/(1(1~ 01 0~ ~110~~~~-1~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111010~ 0~1.,,~57‬‬

‫‪334‬‬
 ‫‪10-22.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 111~ 30.,,31113~~5‬‬
‫~‪ 0‬ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪0( ~110))))~(-(~0‬‬ ‫‪0(1.,,~57‬‬
‫‪10-23.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 111~ 30.,,31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪0( 111(1111))1135~~110))))~(57‬‬
‫‪10-24.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫))‪15 111~ ))(111~1))1~ 0( ~105~0-100‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01 0( 0~ 0(1.,,~5. 7‬‬
‫‪10-25.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 111~ 30.,,31113~~5‬‬ ‫))‪0( ~)05~0-100‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01 0( 0~ 0(1.,,~57‬‬
‫‪10-26.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫))‪15 111~ ))(111~1))1~ 0( ))1135~-10~)(~0-100‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01 0( 0~ 0(1.,,~57‬‬
‫‪10-27.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 111~ 30.,,31113~~5‬‬ ‫))‪0( ))1135~-10~)(~0-)00‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01 0( 0~ 0(1.,,~57‬‬
‫‪10-28.‬‬ ‫‪~113115‬‬ ‫‪111~ ))(111~1))1~ 0( 1111~(0~0111))(11~( ~0111(01 0( 0~ 0(1.,,~57‬‬
‫‪10-29.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 111~ 30.,,31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪0( 1111~(0~0111))(11~( ~0111(01 0( 0~ 0(1.,,~57‬‬
‫‪10-30.‬‬ ‫‪~113115‬‬ ‫‪3 111~~113111~3111111~~011513111 0( 0~ 111010(57‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪10-31.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪15 311 ~1~~1(1~3111111~ ~011513111 0( 0~ 111010(57‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪10-1.‬‬ ‫~‪~ 5~))3(31~1~ ~)(~11~0 0~ 111010( 15 5(1))))11~0 ((0111 3 0~ 50(1(~~ 0( 600 ~ 10 ~0111(01111‬‬
‫‪5))~~0 0( 3 111~~113111~311030 3110 111~ (1~10 ~(1((~111 15 111311113111~0~011513111. 111~ 3(-‬‬
‫‪11131(1(~ (~5151311~~ 3110 1055~5 3(~ 11~~11~101~. (3) 1( 111~ 1030 10(()(1~ 15 1/ = 550 ~.111‬‬
‫‪311500 ())111, 0~1~(111111~ 111~ 3(11131(1(~ ~(1((~111 /0. (/)) 1( 111~ 3(11131(1(~ ~(1((~111 (~11131115‬‬
‫‪111~ 53111~ 35 11131111 ))3(1 (3) 3110 111~ (1~10 ~(1((~111 15 (~0(1~~0‬‬ ‫‪5(1~11 11131 111~ 111010( ((1115‬‬
‫‪31 3 5))~~0 0( 2800,‬‬ ‫‪0~1~(111111~ 111~ 1030 10(()(1~.‬‬
‫‪10-2.‬‬ ‫‪~~))~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪10-1 1( 111~ 3(11131(1(~ (~5151311~~ 15 ~0‬‬ ‫‪= 0.12‬‬ ‫‪11.‬‬ ‫‪111~ .,,15~0(15 ((1~11011‬‬
‫‪3110 111~ 110-1030‬‬ ‫‪1055~5 3(~ 11~~11~101~.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪10-3.‬‬ ‫‪~ 30-11)) 440- ~ 2000-())111 5~))3(31~1~ ~)(~11~0 111010( 0~ ~0111(015 3 1030 (~()(11(111~ 3‬‬
‫~‪10(()(1~ 0( 1~ = 85 ~.111 311200 ())111. 10.~ (1~10 ~1(~(111(~5151311~~15 ~/ = 294 11, 111‬‬
‫‪3(11131(1(~ ~1(~(111 (~5151311~~ 15 ~0 = 0.12 11, 3110 111~111010( .,,0113~~ ~01151311115/(,.‬‬
‫‪0. 7032‬‬
‫‪110-1030‬‬
‫‪~/ ~-(30/5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (1~10 .,,0113~~ 15 ~/‬‬ ‫‪= 440~.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ .,,15~0(15 ((1~11011 3110 111‬‬
‫‪1055~5 3(~ 11~~11~101~. 111~ 3(11131(1(~ ~(1((~111 1113~ 0~ 355(1111~0 ~0111111(10(15‬‬
‫‪3110 (1))))1~-((~~.‬‬ ‫‪1)~1~(111111~ 111~ (3) 03~)( ~111(, ~8~ (/)) (~()(11(~0 3(11131(1(~ .,,0113~~,‬‬
‫=‬

‫‪~0~ (~) (31~0 3(11131(1(~ ~(1((~111 0( 111~ 111010(~ 3110 (()) 5))~~0 (~~(11311011 31 ((1111030.‬‬
‫‪10-4.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪120-11)) 600- ~ 1200-())111‬‬ ‫~ ‪0~ 5~(1~5 111010( ~0111(015 3 1030 (~()(11(111~ 3 10(()(1~ 0( 1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪185‬‬ ‫‪~.111‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪1100‬‬ ‫‪())111.‬‬ ‫~(‪111~ (1~10 ~1(~(111 (~5151311~~, ~( = 0.06 11, 111~ 3(11131(1‬‬
‫‪~1(~(111 (~5151311~~, ~0 = 0.0411, 3110 111~.,,0113~~ ~011513111,/(~ = 32 111‬‬ ‫‪~/ ~-(30/5.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪.,,15~0(15 ((1~11011 3110 111~ 110-1030 1055~5 3(~ 11~~11~101~. 111~ 3(11131(1(~ ~(1((~111 15 ~011-‬‬
‫‪1111(101153110 (1))))1~-((~~.‬‬ ‫~(‪1)~1~(111111~ 111~ (3) 03~)( ~111(, ~8~ (/)) (~()111(~0 3(1113111‬‬
‫‪.,,0113~~, ~0~ (~) (31~0 3(1113111(~ ~11((~111~ 3110 (()) 5))~~0 (~~(11311011 31 (11115))~~0.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪10-5.‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ 5))~~0 0( 3 5~))3(31~1‬‬ ‫(~‪~)(~11~0 111010( 15 ~0111(011~0 0~ 3 5111~1~-))1135~ 5~1111~011.,,~(1‬‬
‫‪111~1~. 10-83.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (1~10 ~11((~11115 3150 ~0111(011~0 0~ 3 5~1111~011.,,~(1~( 3110 111~ (1~10‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~11((~11115 5~110 111~ (113)(111111111‬‬

‫~(‪))055101~ .,,3111~. 111~ 3~ 5(1))))1~ .,,0113~~ 10 111~ 3(1113111‬‬
‫‪3110 (1~10 ~011.,,~(1~( 15 011~-))1135~, 208 ~,‬‬ ‫‪60 1-12.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫‪3(1113111(~ (~5151311~~ 15 ~0‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪0.12‬‬ ‫‪11, 10.~ (1~10 (~5151311~~ 15 ~/‬‬ ‫= ‪= 220 11, 3110 10.~ 111010( .,,0113~~ ~01151311115 /(11‬‬
‫‪1.055 ~/~-(30/5.‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ 1030 10(()11~ 15 1~ = 75 ~.111 31 3 5))~~0 0( 700 ())111. 111‬‬
‫‪.,,15~0115 ((1~11011 3110 110-1030 1055~5 3(~ 11~~11~101~. 111~ 3(1113111(~ 3110 (1~10 ~11((~1115‬‬
‫‪3(~ ~01111111101153110 (1))))1~-((~~.‬‬ ‫~‪1)~1~(111111~ 111~ (3) (1~10 ~11((~111, //~ (/)) 0~13~ 311~1‬‬
‫~(‪0( 111~~011.,,~(1~( 111111~3(1113111(~ ~1(~1111, ~0~ 3110 (~) 1(1))111))0~~( (3~10( 0( 111~ 3(1113111‬‬
‫‪~1(~1111.‬‬

‫‪335‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪10-6.‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ 5~~~0 01 3 5~~3(31~1~ ~)(~11~0 0~ 111010( 15 ~0111(011~0 0~ 3 5111~1~-~0.35~ 11.111-~3.,,‬‬
‫‪~011.,,~(1~( 111~1~. 10-93.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 11~10 ~1(~1.11115 3150 ~0111(011~0 0~ 3 11.111~011.,,~(1~( 3110‬‬
‫‪10.~ 11~10 ~1.1((~11115 5~110 10.~ (113)(11111.1111‬‬
‫~‪~055101~ .,,311.1~. 10.~ 3~ 51.1~~1~ .,,0113~~ 10 10.‬‬
‫~~‪3(111311.1(~ 3110 11~10 ~011.,,~(1~(5 15 011~-~0.35~, 208 ~, 60 1-12. 10.~ 3(111311.1(~ (~5151311‬‬
‫~~‪15 ~,, = 0.50 0, 10.~ 11~10 ~1(~1.111(~5151311~~ 15 ~/ = 345 0, 3110 10.~ 111010( .,,0113‬‬
‫‪~01151311115 /(,, = 0.71 ~/~-(30/5.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ .,,15~01.151(1~11011 3110 110-1030 1055~5 3(~ 11~~-‬‬
‫‪11~101~. 10.~ 3(111311.1(~ 311011~10 ~1.1((~1115 3(~ ~01111111.101.15‬‬‫‪3110 (1~~1~-1(~~.‬‬ ‫~‪1110.~ 0~13‬‬
‫(‪311~1~ 0110.~ 3(111311.1(~ ~011.,,~(1~( 15 0.,, = 450 3110 10.~ 3(111311.1(~ ~1.1((~111 0110.~ 111010‬‬
‫‪15/,, = 55 ~, 0~1~(111111~ 10.~ (3) 10(()1.1~ 0~.,,~10~~0‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 10.~ 111010(, 7,)~ ())) 5~~~0, (0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫(~~‪3110 (~) 111~1.11~0‬‬ ‫‪13~10( 0110.~ 0(1.,,~, ~~.‬‬
‫‪10-7.‬‬ ‫~‪1110.‬‬ ‫‪~013(11~ 0110.~ 111010( 03~/( ~1111111 ~(00.‬‬ ‫~‪10-6 15 (~.,,~(5~0 0~ (~.,,~(5111~ 10.‬‬
‫‪~013(11~ 0110.~ 11~10 ~1.1((~111, 0~1~(111111~ 10.~ (3) 0~13~ 311~1~ 0110.~ 11~10 ~1(~1.111~011-‬‬
‫~‪.,,~(1~(, 0./~ ())) 0~13~ 311~1~ 0110.~ 3(111311.1(~ ~1(~1.111~011.,,~(1~(, 0.,,, 10 111311113111111‬‬
‫(‪3(111311.1(~ ~1.1((~111 ~011513111 31 10.~ 53111~ .,,311.1~01 /,, = 55 ~ ~ 3110 (~) ))0~~( 1~0 03~/‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪10 111~ 51.1~~1~ 01.1(111~ (~~~11~(311.,,‬‬ ‫~‪0(3/(111~ 0110.‬‬ ‫‪111010(.‬‬
‫‪10-8.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪01 3 20-0.‬‬ ‫~ ‪300-‬‬ ‫‪1800-(~111‬‬ ‫~‪5~~3(31~1‬‬ ‫~‪~)(~11~0 0~ 111010( 15 ~0111(011~0 0‬‬
‫~‪3 10.(~~-~0.35‬‬ ‫‪11.111-~011.,,~(1~( 0(1.,,~.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 11~10 ~1.1((~111 15 3150 ~0111(011~0 0~ 3 111(~~-‬‬
‫‪~0.35~ 11.111-~011.,,~(1~( 3110 15 5~110 10.~ (113)(11111.1111‬‬
‫‪~055101~ .,,311.1~. 10.~ 3~ 111~1.111510.(~~-‬‬
‫‪~0.35~, ~-~01111~~1~0, 208 ~, 601-12.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 3(111311.1(~ (~5151311~~, ~,, = 0.35 0, 10.~ 11~10‬‬
‫‪(~5151311~~, ~/‬‬ ‫‪= 250 0,‬‬ ‫‪3110 10.~ 111010( .,,0113~~ ~011513111111010(, /(,. = 1.15 ~/~-‬‬
‫‪(30/5.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 3(111311.1(~ 3110 11~10 ~1.1((~1115 15 ~01111111.101.15‬‬
‫‪3110 (1~~1~-1(~~.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ .,,15~01.15‬‬
‫‪1(1~11011 3110 110-1030‬‬ ‫~(‪1055~5 3‬‬ ‫‪11~~11~101~.‬‬ ‫)‪1)~1~(111111~ 10.~ (3‬‬ ‫~‪0~13‬‬ ‫~‪311~1~ 0110.‬‬
‫(~~‪3(111311.1(~ ~011.,,~(1~(, 0.,,, 1110.~ 111010( 51.1~~11~5 10.~ (31~0 ~0‬‬ ‫~‪31 10.~ (31~0 5~~~0‬‬
‫~(‪())) 110-1030 5~~~0 1110.~ 0~13~ 311~1~5 3(~ 10.~ 53111~ 35 111~3(1 (3) 3110 111~ 3(111311.1‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111 31110-1030‬‬ ‫‪15 10% 0110.~ (31~0 .,,311.1~~3110 (~) 5~~~0 (~~1.113110(1.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪10-9.‬‬

‫‪10-10.‬‬
‫‪~~~~31 ~(00.‬‬ ‫~‪10-8 11 0010. 3(111311.1(~ 3110 11~10 ~1(~1.11153(~ ~0111(011~0 0~ 10.(~~-~0.35‬‬
‫‪5~1111~011.,,~(1~(5.‬‬

‫~‪10.~ 5~~~0 01 3 20-0.~ 300-‬‬

‫‪10.(~~-~0.35~ 11.111~011.,,~(1~(.‬‬
‫‪~011.,,~(1~(.‬‬
‫‪900-(~111 5~~3(31~1~ ~)(~11~0 0~ 111010( 15 ~0111(011~0 0~ 3‬‬
‫‪10.~ 11~10 ~1(~1.11115 3150 ~0111(011~0 0~ 3 10.(~~-~0.35~ 11.111‬‬
‫‪10.~ 3~ 111~1.1110 3(111311.1(~ 3110 11~10 ~011.,,~(1~(5 15 10.(~~-~0.35~,‬‬ ‫‪~-~011-‬‬
‫‪11~~1~0, 208 ~, 60 1-12. 111~ 3(111311.1(~ (~5151311~~, ~,, = 0.15 0, 10.~ 11~10 ~1(~1.111‬‬
‫‪(~5151311~~, ~/ = 1450,‬‬ ‫‪3110 10.~ 111010( .,,0113~~ ~011513111, /(~ = 1.15 ~/~-(30/5.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬
‫‪.,,15~01.15 1(1~11011 3110 110-1030 1055~5 3(~ 11~~11~101~. 10.~ 3(111311.1(~ 3110 11~10 ~1.1((~1115‬‬
‫‪3(~ ~01111111.101.15‬‬
‫‪3110 (1~~1~-1(~~.‬‬ ‫‪(3) 1110.~ 11~10 ~011.,,~(1~( 15 0~~(31~0‬‬ ‫‪3110.~ (113)(11111.1111‬‬
‫‪11~10 ~1.1((~111 3110 10.~ 0~.,,~10~~0‬‬ ‫~‪10(()1.1~ 15 7,) = 106 ~.111 31 750 (~111, 0~1~(111111~ 10.‬‬
‫‪0~13~ 311~1~ 0110.~ 3(111311.1(~ ~011.,,~(1~(, 0.,,. ())) 1110.~ 11~10 ~1(~1.111~011.,,~(1~( 15 5~110‬‬
‫‪10.~ (113)(11111.1111‬‬
‫‪11~10 ~1.1((~111, 10.~ 0~.,,~10~~0‬‬ ‫~‪10(()1.1~ 15 7,) = 108 ~.111, 3110 10.~ 0~13‬‬
‫‪311~1~ 0110.~ 3(111311.1(~ ~011.,,~(1~( 15 0.,, = 0, 0~1~(111111~ 10.~ 5~~~0.‬‬ ‫~‪(~) ~0( 10.~ 53111‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪1030 0~1113110 35 111~3(1 (0),‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~(111111~ 10.~ 0~13~ 311~1~ 0110.‬‬ ‫(~‪11~10 ~1(~1.111~011.,,~(1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1110.~ 5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪0.35 10 0~ 111~(~35~0 10 1800 (~111.‬‬

‫‪10-11.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪10-10‬‬ ‫‪11 0010. 10.~ 3(111311.1(~ 3110 11~10 ~1(~1.11153(~ ~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 10.(~~-‬‬
‫‪~0.35~ 5~1111~011.,,~(1~(5.‬‬
‫‪10-12.‬‬ ‫(~~~‪~ 0~ ~0.0‬‬ ‫‪~0111(015 10.~ 5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪01 3 0~ 5~(1~5 111010(.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 3(111311.1(~ (~5151311~~, ~,,‬‬
‫‪= 0.04 0,‬‬ ‫‪11~10 ~1(~1.111(~5151311~~, ~/ = 0.06 0,‬‬ ‫(‪3110 03~/‬‬ ‫‪~1111 ~011513111, /(,,‬‬
‫‪= 35‬‬
‫‪111~/(30/5.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 0~ 111~1.11.,,0113~~ 0110.~ ~0.0~~~(,‬‬ ‫= ‪~5‬‬ ‫‪600~.‬‬ ‫‪111115‬‬
‫‪(~()1.11(~0 10‬‬
‫‪1113111131113 ~011513111 0~.,,~10~~0‬‬ ‫‪10(()1.1~ 01 7,) = 547 ~.111, ~101 10.~ 01.11~ ~~~1~, /(, 01‬‬
‫‪10.~ ~0.0~~~( 3~31115110.~ 111010( 5~~~0.‬‬
‫‪10-13.‬‬ ‫‪~ 0~ 5~(1~5 111010( 15 ~0~~(~0‬‬ ‫(~~~‪0~ 3 0~ ~0.0‬‬ ‫‪35 50.0~11111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪10-1431(0111‬‬ ‫‪3 600-‬‬
‫‪~ 0~ 501.1(~~.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 3(111311.1(~ (~5151311~~ 15~,,‬‬ ‫‪= 0.03 0 3110 10.~ 11~10 (~5151311~~15~/‬‬

‫‪336‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪= 0.05 11. 111~ 0~~/( ~1111 ~01151~111 01111~ 111010~ 15 /(~ = 15.27 111~/~-~~0/5.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~.,,~~~~~ ~~111~11.1~~~1.1~~~111,/,, = 450~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~~111~11.1~~~1.1~~~11115~01111111.101.15‬‬
‫‪~110 11~5‬‬
‫‪11~~11~101~ ~1~~1~.‬‬ ‫‪(1111~ 01.11~ ~~~1~ 01111~ ~110~~~~ 15 75%, 0~1~~111111~ 111~ (3) 111~1.11‬‬
‫)~( ~ ~‪())) ~~1.11.,,~1~111111~1.11~~5151~11~~ 01 111~ ~110~~~~ 0~1.,,‬‬
‫~~~~‪~0 ~~ 1~0111 111~ 501.1‬‬
‫‪111010~ 5~~~0~ ~110 ((() 0~.,,~10~~0 10~~1.1~ 01111~ 111010~.‬‬
‫‪10-14.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~1.,,~ 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪10-15‬‬ ‫‪15 0~~~~1~0‬‬
‫‪111 ~~~~11~~~6.,,~ 0~(1/(111~ 01 ~ 0~ 5~~1~5 111010~.‬‬
‫‪111~ 0~ 51.1~~1~ .,,011~~~ 15 600~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~~111~11.1~~~~5151~11~~, ~~ = 0.0311 ~110 111~11~10‬‬
‫‪~~5151~11~~, ~/ = 0.05 11. 111~ 0~~/( ~1111 ~01151~111 01111~ 111010~, /(,. = 12 111~/~-‬‬
‫‪~~0/5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~.,,~~~~~ ~~111~11.1~~~1.1~~~11115 111~1111~111~0~01151~111 ~1 /~ = 350~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~~111~11.1~~~1.1~~~11115 ~01111111.101.15‬‬
‫‪~110 11~5 11~~)1~101~ ~1~~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪(1111~ 01.11~ ~~~1~ 01111‬‬
‫)))(‬
‫~‪~110~~~~ 15 50%, 0~1~~111111~ 111~ (3) ~.,,~~~~~ .,,011~~~ ~~~055111~ ~110~~~~, ~/,‬‬ ‫~~ ‪~0‬‬
‫~‪~~~~11~~~1~0 10 111~ 0~ 51.1~~1~, ,,8~ (~) ~~1.11.,,~1~11110~0 ~~5151~11~~ 01111~ 111010~ ~~611‬‬
‫‪~5 ~ ~~11~~~10~, ~0~ ~ ((() 11111111111.1111‬‬‫‪~~~111155101~ 0~~/(111~ 5~~~0, 0),,,.0 ~ (~) 111~)(11111.1111‬‬
‫‪~~~111155101~ 0~~/(111~ 5~~~0, 0),,,3~~ ~110 (() 111010~ 5~~~0.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪10-15.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~~~~‪0~ ~110‬‬ ‫‪15 1.15~0 111 ~11~051~11~ 0~~/(111~ 01 ~ 0~ 5~~1~5 111010~ ~5 5110 11 111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪10-14.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~~111~11.1~~~~5151~11~~, ~,, = 0.03 11 ~110 111~ 11~10 ~~5151~11~~, ~/ = 0.05‬‬
‫‪11.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~~/(111~ ~~51510~, ~0 = 5 11. 111~ 0~~/( ~1111 ~01151~111, /(,. = 14 111~/~-~~0/‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫~~~~~‪111~ ~.,,‬‬ ‫‪~~111~11.1~~~1.1~~~11115 111~1111~111~0~01151~111 ~1 /~ = 250~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~~-‬‬
‫‪111~11.1~~~1.1~~~11115 ~0116111.101.15~110 11~5 11~~11~101~ ~1~~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪(1 111~ 01.11~ ~~~1~ 01 111‬‬
‫)))(‬
‫‪~110~~~~ 15 60%,‬‬ ‫~~‪0~1~~111111~111~ (3) ~.,,~~~~~ .,,011~~~ ~~~055111~ ~110~~~~, ~0‬‬ ‫~~ ‪~0‬‬
‫‪01551~~1~0‬‬ ‫~ ‪111111~ ~~51510~, ,,0~ (~) ~~1.11.,,~1~11110~0 ~~5151~11~~ 01111~ 111010~ ~~611~ ~5‬‬
‫‪~~11~~~10~,‬‬ ‫‪~0~~ ((() 111010~ 5~~~0~ ~110 (~) ~~~/( ~110~~~~ .,,011~~~, ~,,.‬‬

‫‪10-16.‬‬ ‫~‪1 0 ~110~~~~5 ~0111~01 (1 0~ 5~~1~5 111010~ ~5 5110 11 111~1~. 10-20~ ~110 111~~ ~~~ ~11~5‬‬
‫‪511111~0 1110~~~~6011 0~ 70/111, 11~~~ 11115 111~ 111.11110~~011111.116~11~5~ ~110~~~~5.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪51.1~~1~ .,,011~~~, ~, = 440 ~, ~~111~11.1~~~1~~1.111~~5151~11~~, ~~ = 8 11, ~~111~11.1~~~1~~1.111‬‬
‫‪11101.1~1~11~~,~~, = 121111-1, ~110111~ 1~~~1.1~11~~01 ~~~11 ~110~~~~,.1‬‬ ‫‪= 2501-12.‬‬ ‫~‪~~1~1.11~1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪10-17.‬‬

‫‪10-18.‬‬
‫‪111~ 111~)(11111.1111‬‬

‫‪~0~ .,~00.‬‬
‫(‪.,,~11.1~01 ~~~/(-10-~~~/‬‬

‫‪10-16‬‬
‫‪111~ 111.11110~~011111.1111~11~5~ ~110~~~~5.‬‬
‫‪10~0 ~1~~1~ ~1.1~~~111.‬‬

‫‪~101111~ 111~)(11111.1111‬‬
‫(‪.,,~11.1~01 ~~~/(-10-~~~/‬‬

‫‪~ 0~ 5~~1~5 111010~ 15 ~0111~011~0 0~ 1 0 1111.116~11~5~~110~~~~5.‬‬

‫‪~1.1~~~111,/~ = 250~.‬‬
‫‪10~0 ~1~~1~ ~1.1~~~111~~~11151‬‬

‫~~‪111~ ~.,,~~~~~ ~~111~11.1‬‬

‫‪~ 51111~1~~~-111~1.111111~~ 1111~0 = 0.35 1111-1‬‬‫~‪~110 ~0 = 5600 ..,.,‬‬
‫‪15 1.15~0. 8~~11 ~110~~~~ 15 0~~~~1~0 ~1 ~ 1~~~1.1~11~~,.1 = 250 1-12. ()~1~~111111~ 111~ ~1115‬‬
‫‪11.1110~111~111~1~0111~011~111 01111~ ~110~~~~-~~11~~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪11~~1110111~~1.1~~~111111111~ 51.1~~1~.‬‬

‫‪10-19.‬‬ ‫‪~0~ .,~00.‬‬ ‫‪10-18, ~101 111~ ~1115 11.1110~111~111~1~0111~011~111 01111~ ~110~~~~-~~11~~~1~0‬‬
‫‪11~~1110111~~1.1~~~111111111~ 51.1~~1~ ~~~11151 111~ 111.11110~~011111.116~11~5~ ~110~~~~5.‬‬

‫‪10-20.‬‬ ‫‪~ 40-11~ 230- ~ 3500-~~111‬‬ ‫‪5~~~~~1~1~ ~)(~11~0 0~ 111010~ 15 ~0111~011~0 0~ ~ 1111~~~ ~011-‬‬
‫‪.,,~~1~~ 01 ~~111 /(2 = 200.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1110111~11101111~~6~ 01111~ 111010~ 10~0, 1 = 0.156 ~ .111/‬‬
‫‪~~0/5, .,,15~01.151~1~11011~01151~11115 11~~11~101~, ~~111~11.1~~~~5151~11~~, ~~ = 0.04511,‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~~ ‪~~111~11.1~~11101.1~1~11~~,‬‬‫‪= 730 1111-1. 111~ 0~~/( ~1111 ~01151~11115 /(~ = 0.502 ~/~-‬‬
‫‪~~0/5 ~110 111~ 11~10 ~1.1~~~11115 111~1111~111~0~01151~111 ~1 // = 1.25~.‬‬ ‫~‪(3) 001~111 111‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪())) ~~1~1.11~1‬‬
‫)‪0~~11-100~ 1~~1151~~ 11.111~110110)(5 )/~,(5‬‬ ‫‪~110 0)(5)/1 ~(5) 10~ 111~ 111010~.‬‬
‫= ‪111~ 111010~ 51~~0~-51~1~ 5~~~0 11111~ ~~1~~~11~~ .,,011~~~ 15 ~,‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪10~0 10~~1.1‬‬
‫‪15 60%‬‬ ‫‪01111~ ~~1~0 .,,~11.1~.‬‬
‫‪10-21.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~1‬‬ ‫‪.,~00.‬‬ ‫‪10-20‬‬ ‫~‪1111~ ~105~0-100‬‬ ‫~‪~0111~0111111‬‬ ‫‪~111~1111~~6011 01 5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪5~1150~,‬‬
‫‪/(. = 3 111~/~~0/5.‬‬
‫‪10-22.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111010~ 111.,~00.‬‬ ‫‪10-2015‬‬ ‫‪~0111~011~0 0~ ~ 1111~~~~011.,,~~1~~ 01 ~~111 /(2‬‬ ‫‪1111~ ~105~0-‬‬
‫‪100~ ~0111~01.‬‬ ‫~‪(1111~ ~111~1111~~6011 01 5~~~0 5~1150~ 15 /(. = 3 111~/~~0/5, 0~1~~111111‬‬
‫‪111~ ~~111 01111~ ~011.,,~~1~~ /(2 10 1111111111~ 5~~~0 ~~~1.11~6011 ~1 11.11110~0 10 1 %.‬‬

‫‪337‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪10-23.‬‬ ‫‪~ 60-/1~ 230- ~ 1750-(~111‬‬ ‫~‪5~~3(31~1‬‬ ‫(~‪~)(~11~0 0~ 111010( 15 ~0111(011~0 0~ 3 ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬
‫‪5/10~11 1111/1~ 010~)( 013~(3111 111~1~. 10-28.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 11~10 ~11((~11115 111311113111~0~011513111‬‬
‫~‪31 /( = 1.25 ~ 3110 1/1~ 1113~/1111‬‬ ‫‪03~)( ~1111~011513111,1(,. = 0.81 ~/~-(30/5.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬
‫‪3(1113111(~ (~5151311~~, ~~ = 0.02 0 3110 1/1~ ~15~0115 1(1~11011 ~011513111. 13‬‬
‫‪= 0.3 ~ .111/‬‬
‫‪(30/5.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ 3111~1111~311011011/1~ 5~~~0 5~1150(, 1(1 = 96 111~/(30/5 3110 1/1~ ~3111 011/1‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~(, 1(2 = 150.‬‬ ‫‪(3) 0~1~(111111~ 1/1~ (31~0 10(()11~ 01 1/1~ 111010(.‬‬ ‫))‪(/‬‬
‫‪0~1~(111111~ 1/1~ (~1~(~11~~ ~0113~~ ~, 10 0(1~~ 1/1~ 111010( 31 1/1~ (31~0 5~~~0.‬‬ ‫‪(~) 11‬‬
‫~~‪1/1~ (~1~(~11‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪15 )(~~1 1111~/1311~~0, 0~1~(111111~ 1/1~ 5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~/1~11 1/1~ 111010( 0~-‬‬
‫‪~~10~5‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ (31~0‬‬ ‫‪10(()11~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪10-24.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31 ~(00.‬‬ ‫‪10-23.‬‬ ‫‪(3) 11 1/1~ 1030 10(()11~ 15 111~(~35~0 0~ 20% 011/1~ (31~0‬‬ ‫‪~3111~,‬‬
‫‪0~1~(111111~ 1/1~ 111010( 5~~~0.‬‬ ‫‪(/)) 11 1/1~ (~1~(~11~~ ~0113~~ 15 (~011~~0 0~ 10%,‬‬ ‫‪0~1~(-‬‬
‫‪111111~1/1~ 111010( 5~~~0.‬‬ ‫~‪(~) 11 1/1~ 1030 10(()11~ 15 (~011~~0 0~ 15% 01 1/1~ (31~0 ~3111‬‬
‫‪3110 1/1~ (~1~(~11~~ ~0113~~ 15 (~011~~0 0~ 20%, 0~1~(111111~ 1/1~ 111010( 5~~~0.‬‬ ‫‪(()) 11‬‬
‫‪1/1~(~ ~35 110 1~~003~)(,‬‬ ‫‪35 111 311 0~~11-100~ ~0111(01, 0~1~(111111~ 1/1~ 5~~~0 (~~111311011‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪10( 3 (~1~(~11~~ ~0113~~, ~,‬‬
‫‪= 1.24~.‬‬ ‫‪(~) 0~1~(111111~ 1/1~ 5~~~0 (~~111311011 ~11/1 3‬‬
‫~‪~105~0-100‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01.‬‬
‫‪10-25.‬‬ ‫~‪~ 40-/1‬‬ ‫‪230- ~ 3500-(~111‬‬ ‫(~‪5~.1~5 ~)(~11~0 0~ 111010( 15 ~0111(011~0 0~ 3 1111~3( ~011~~(1‬‬
‫‪01 ~3111 1(2 = 200.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 1110111~111‬‬ ‫‪01 111~(11301 1/1~ 111010( 1030, 1 = 0.156‬‬ ‫‪1-/.111/‬‬
‫‪(30/5, ~15~0115 1(1~11011 ~01151311115 11~~11~101~, 3(1113111(~ (~5151311~~, ~,,,‬‬
‫‪= 0.0450,‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬
‫~(‪3(1113111‬‬ ‫‪111011~1311~~,‬‬ ‫‪1-,0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪730‬‬ ‫‪1111-1.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫()~‪03‬‬ ‫‪~1111 ~011513111‬‬ ‫‪15 1(,‬‬ ‫‪= 340 111~/~-‬‬
‫‪(30/5.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 11~10 (~5151311~~, ~/‬‬ ‫‪= 0.035‬‬ ‫)‪0 3110 6~10 111011~1311~~, 1-( = 450 1111-1. (3‬‬
‫~‪00131111/1‬‬ ‫~‪0~~11-100‬‬ ‫)‪1(31151~( 11111~11011(0(5)/~,(5‬‬ ‫)‪3110 (0(5)/11.(5‬‬ ‫‪10( 1/1~ 111010(.‬‬ ‫))‪(/‬‬
‫~‪~31~11131~ 1/1~ 111010( 51~30~-5131‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0‬‬ ‫~~‪11 1/1~ (~1~(~11‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪1 ~ 3110 1/1‬‬
‫‪1030 10(()11~ 15 60%‬‬ ‫‪01 1/1~ (31~0‬‬ ‫‪~3111~.‬‬
‫‪10-26.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪10-25‬‬ ‫~‪~11/1 ~105~0-100‬‬ ‫‪~0111(0111 1/1~ 3111~1111~31101101 5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪5~1150(, 1(1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪= 3 111~ /(30/5.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪338‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1 1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪0013111~0‬‬
‫‪(0111.-01‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(‪01 0‬‬
‫(‪1.-0111 0‬‬
‫‪51111~1~ 3110 1~55 ~)(~~1151~~.‬‬
‫‪11131111~11311(~,‬‬
‫‪111010.-5 .-~~111.-~5‬‬
‫‪(110~~~.-5‬‬ ‫‪0.- (0111.-011~0‬‬
‫(‪0‬‬
‫~‪~.-0~10111‬‬

‫‪011~ 10 111~ 0.-11511~5 3110 (0111111111310.-5.‬‬

‫‪111 111(11)111101151.-131 3~~11(3110115.‬‬
‫~‪111~ 3( 111010.-5 113~~ 3 11111110~.- 01 30~31113~~5‬‬
‫~‪3 ~3.-1301‬‬
‫‪.-~(1111~.-5.‬‬ ‫~‪111~5‬‬
‫~~‪111010.-5 3.-~ .-~1311~~1)1 ~)(~~1151‬‬
‫(‪0‬‬

‫‪1-10~~~~.-,‬‬

‫‪111~)1 3.-~ 11~111~~1~111 (20 10 40%‬‬

‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫~‪~111(11 (311 0‬‬
‫~‪~0113~~ (0111.-011~.-5 3.-‬‬

‫(‪0‬‬
‫~‪3110 .-~~111.-~ 1110.-‬‬
‫‪0.-1~~5‬‬ ‫‪3.-~ 115~0‬‬

‫~‪11~111~.- 111311 ~~111~31~111 0( 111010.-5), 111~)(~~1151~~, 3110 0110‬‬ ‫‪11131111~11311(~ (0111~3.-~0‬‬

‫‪10 0( 111010.-5.‬‬ ‫~‪111~)1.-~~111.-‬‬ ‫‪(0111.-01011.-~~11~11()1,‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪3110 (11‬‬ ‫‪~11110.- ~3.-1301~-‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪3~~11(3110115.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~0~~.-‬‬ ‫‪(011~~.-1~.-5,‬‬ ‫(‪111~~.-1~.-5 3110 3‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪(0111.-011~.-5,‬‬
‫~‪(311 (0111.-01111‬‬ ‫‪1.-~~11~11()1,‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪3110/0.-‬‬ ‫‪(11‬‬ ‫‪~11110‬‬ ‫‪111~~1111~ 0.-1~~ .-~~111.-~111~1115.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪111~5‬‬ ‫‪~0~~.-‬‬ ‫‪(0111.-011~.-5,‬‬ ‫()~‪~111(11 3.-~ .-~1311~~1)1 (0111~1‬‬ ‫‪3110 1110.-~ ~)(~~1151~~,‬‬ ‫~‪.-~~111.-‬‬
‫‪30~311(~0‬‬ ‫(‪1~~003(/‬‬ ‫‪(0111.-01‬‬ ‫‪1~(11111~11~5.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~.-,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 30~31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫(‪3‬‬ ‫‪0.-1~~5‬‬
‫~‪0111~~1~11111‬‬ ‫‪01530~31113~~5.‬‬ ‫~‪111~.-‬‬ ‫‪3.-~ 1~0‬‬ ‫~‪1)1~~5 01 3( 0.-1~~5‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪111011(11011 111010.- 0.-1~~5‬‬

‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪5)111(11.-0110115‬‬ ‫‪111010.- 0.-1~~5‬‬

‫‪339‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪10(~~-~0(15‬‬ ‫‪1001.1~1100‬‬ ‫‪111010(5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ ~0111111001)11.15~0‬‬ ‫‪10 (10)1.151(101~-5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~5 (100‬‬

‫~‪10~)1 0(1~~ 10(~~-~0(15‬‬ ‫(‪51(110( (100 (010‬‬ ‫‪~10010~5.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪51(110( ~10010~5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 51.1~~11~0‬‬

‫‪~110‬‬ ‫‪0(11(10~~0‬‬ ‫~‪10(~~-~0(15‬‬ ‫‪(1~ ~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫‪~01~0‬‬ ‫~~‪~(001.1‬‬ ‫‪1001.1~~0‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~5‬‬ ‫(‪10 10~ (010‬‬
‫‪~10010~5‬‬ ‫(~‪01.1~ 10 1((10510(111‬‬ ‫‪(1~1100.‬‬ ‫~‪11 15 ~055101‬‬ ‫~~‪10 (1(((10‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪0151(101.11100‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫‪51(110( ~10010~5‬‬ ‫~(~‪50 10(1110‬‬ ‫~‪15 (10 ~11~~1 011111.1111~1~ ~01~5, ~(001.1~10‬‬ ‫‪5~~~((11 ~)1~1~5‬‬
‫~~‪01111(1~0~10111011‬‬ ‫~~(‪10‬‬ ‫‪(1111111) (0( 11~10) (1(01.100 10~ (11( ~(1~.‬‬ ‫‪1015 11~10 ~51(101150~5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(1 5~(111(111)1 0151(101.11~0 5101.15010(11111.1)( 0~0511)110‬‬ ‫‪10~ (11( ~(1~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪01 (01(11100‬‬
‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪11~10 15 ~(111~0 10~ 5)111~1110110/15 5~€€0-,‬‬ ‫‪~01~0‬‬ ‫‪15 0~110~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1‬‬

‫)‪20‬‬
‫)‪0‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪=-‬‬ ‫)‪(11-1‬‬
‫~‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~(~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~ 15 10~ 01.11110~( 01 ~01~5 (100‬‬ ‫)‪0‬‬ ‫‪15 10~ 51.1~~1)11(~()1.1~0~)1 10 ((10/5.‬‬
‫= ‪11 (1 51(110( ~0(15~ ~011(1~~, 115‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪115510‬‬ ‫‪0)(, ~(001.1~~5‬‬ ‫~~‪(1 111.1)(110/((1‬‬ ‫~‪(10 10‬‬
‫)(‪(010‬‬ ‫‪~1~~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1‬‬

‫‪~(() = ~111~05 (0)111(+ 0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫)(‪0)5‬‬ ‫)‪(11-2‬‬

‫‪10~ 1001.1~~0‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫(~~‬ ‫~‪~0(15‬‬ ‫(‪10 10~ (010‬‬ ‫~‪~10010‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫~‪0-‬‬ ‫‪0-‬‬
‫))‪0 - 0)51‬‬
‫~‪€‬‬ ‫~‪= 1-/‬‬
‫‪~ = 1-/~0-( (~111~05 (0)111(+‬‬
‫‪-1-/~~111( 0)5 -‬‬ ‫‪0)111) 510 ((0)5‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪0)111)( -‬‬ ‫)‪0‬‬
‫)‪(11-3‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫(()‪5‬‬
‫(‪- 5~111 510 (50)5‬‬

‫~ ‪- 5‬‬ ‫(‪~~ 510 (50)5‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪0‬‬

‫‪-‬‬

‫‪))(.‬‬
‫)‪0‬‬

‫‪))(,-‬‬
‫‪8.‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪,~-‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫‪~,-‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪5~,‬‬ ‫‪8,-‬‬ ‫‪8-‬‬
‫‪~1~.‬‬
‫‪-1.‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬

‫‪(8) 8010~ 0~~0(,8~1‬‬ ‫‪(0) 51810~ 8/1~ ~010~0~~0(,8~1‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪,,‬‬ ‫‪))(.‬‬ ‫‪))(,‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪8.‬‬

‫‪))(,,,‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1/.‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪8,,,‬‬

‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪~~(,8~1/8~8/110/~0(,8~1‬‬

‫‪...1~11..~ 11-1‬‬ ‫‪0(~1111‬‬ ‫‪0100~1‬‬ ‫‪01111011~11011 01010(5.‬‬

‫‪340‬‬
 ‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫(‪1-/~ = 011111.~~( 01111(05 00 ~3~11 (010‬‬
‫~‪ ~1135‬ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪0)/11‬‬ ‫=‬‫(‪30~1113( 5~~~0 01111~ (010‬‬
‫(‪/) = (~1311~~ ~0511100 01111~ (010‬‬
‫~~‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪(111.5 ~3111~ 01111‬‬ ‫(‪(010‬‬ ‫‪10011~~0‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(11-4‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~ ~(~‪111~ ~()111~31~01 ~1(~111110( 00~ ~1135~ 01111~ (010( 15 5110~0 10 ~1~. 11-13, ~11‬‬
‫(~~ ~~‪15 111~ (~515130~~ ~~( ~1135~ 01111~ (010( ~10010~5, %~ 15 111~ 1~3/(3~~ (~3~130‬‬
‫‪~1135~ 01111~ (010( 31 111~ 511~~1~ 1(~()11~0~~,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪~~ (~~(~5~015‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 10011~~0 ~1135‬‬
‫‪~0113~~ ~11~0 111~ 5~~~0 15 2~(0 (0( 5 = 1).‬‬ ‫~~ ‪111~ (010( ~11((~0115~1~~0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~‪5‬‬
‫~‪1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(11-5‬‬
‫~‪~~ + 15%‬‬

‫~~‬
‫‪~~/5‬‬ ‫~‪+ 1%‬‬

‫‪~11~(~ ~~ 300 %~ 3(~ (~1~((~0‬‬ ‫(‪10 111~ (010‬‬ ‫‪~10010~.‬‬

‫~(~‪111~ ~~( ~1135~ ~1(~1111111.00~10110011~1100111.010(515 5110~010 ~1~. 11-1~, ~11‬‬
‫‪~5 300 %5 3(~ 111~ ~~( ~1135~ (~515130~~ 300 1~3/(3~~ (~3~130~~ 01111~ 51310( ~10010~.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~0111.~1~1~ ~1(~1111111.00~1 ~1111 311 ~3(3111.~1~(5 (~1~((~0 10 111~ 51310( 15 5110~0 10‬‬
‫‪~1~. 11-1~, ~11~(~ ~/11 (~~(~5~015 111~ (~515130~~ 10( ~)(~1131100 (0( ~0(~) 1055 300 %/11‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪15 111~ 111.3~0~11210~ (~3~130~~.‬‬
‫‪~000~~1~0‬‬
‫‪111~(~ ~111 ~~ 51310( ~0(~ 1055, ~11~0 111~ 511~~1~ 15‬‬
‫~~‪300 111~ (010( ~0(~ 1055 0~~~005 00 111~ 511~. 111~ 1(1~1100 300 ~1003‬‬
‫‪1055, ~00 10301,~)(1515 ~11~0 111~ 111.3~1110~(0131~5.‬‬
‫‪35 3 ~3(1 01 (013110031 1055, ~ 00‬‬
‫‪111~ ~0(~ 1055, ~0 111.3~~~ 10~1110~0‬‬
‫‪10301.‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(‪(010‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01,‬‬ ‫‪1~, 300‬‬ ‫(‪51310‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01,‬‬ ‫‪15, ~30‬‬ ‫‪~~ 101100‬‬ ‫‪1(0111. 111~ ~1(~1111 111.00~1‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪11-1‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪~~ 300‬‬ ‫‪%~ 3(~ (~1~((~0‬‬ ‫(‪10 111~ 51310‬‬ ‫‪~10010~5.‬‬ ‫~~‪00‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~3111~5‬‬
‫‪011~ 300‬‬ ‫‪15 3(~ /(00~0,‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~~(10(111.30‬‬ ‫‪~3(3111.~1~(5‬‬ ‫‪01111~ 111.010( ~30 ~~ 0~1~(111.10~0‬‬
‫~‪35 10110~5‬‬
‫(‪51310‬‬ ‫(~~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1055,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫)‪(11-6‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(11-7‬‬

‫)‪(11-8‬‬

‫‪58~. 11-2‬‬ ‫‪341‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪( 11-9‬‬

‫_‬ ‫~~‬
‫‪~0 = ~8‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~~,, -‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫~ ‪31‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪5‬‬ ‫)‪(11-10‬‬
‫‪5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(11-11‬‬

‫)‪(11-12‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪~ 8( 1 - 5‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪~((),‬‬ ‫) ‪(11-123‬‬
‫‪((),(1‬‬ ‫)‪5‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫)‪(11-13‬‬

‫‪= ~~- + ~511+ ~8‬‬ ‫)‪(11-133‬‬

‫‪~11~(~ 85 15 111~311~1~0~1~~~111, 3110 ~5.‬‬ ‫‪001~01 ~0~~(,‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫=‪11=-‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪~/‬‬ ‫‪~(,‬‬
‫‪~~/‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~00‬‬

‫‪+ ~5,, + ~8‬‬

‫‪1030‬‬
‫)‪(11-14‬‬

‫~~ ‪11 ~8‬‬ ‫~~ ‪(~0 + ~5,,) 3110 ~0‬‬ ‫‪~00 1030, 111~ ~111~1~11~~ 0~~0111~5‬‬

‫‪~(/‬‬ ‫__‬ ‫_‬

‫_ )‪~8(1 - 5‬‬ ‫_‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫~ ‪..,..,‬‬
‫‪.,-‬‬ ‫)‪(11-143‬‬
‫‪~8‬‬ ‫‪~8‬‬

‫‪111~ .,,310~ 01 )(/11 15 110(111311~ 13(~~ 3110 ~01, ~111~1115 1110~1113(~~(, ~311 0~ (~1110.,,~0‬‬
‫‪1(0111 111~ ~1(~011 11100~110 51111~111~111~ ~31~013110115. 11 )(~1 ~~ (~~ + )(~), 111~11‬‬
‫~‪~, = ~ /11, 3110 111~ 1113~11~11~111~(~3~1311~~ )(/11 1113~ 0~ 1110.,,~0 10 111~ 51310( ~1110111‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪10 51111~111~10(111~(~ 1111515 5110~11 111~1~. 11-2.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫~‪...1~0..~ 11-2 ~()()(0)(1/1131~ ()~(-()/135‬‬

‫‪~~01,,31~(11 ()((011.‬‬

‫‪342‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪-1‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬

‫(~~‪300 10~ ~0‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪10~111 1111~~030~~ 0110‬‬

‫‪6~,‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~./ = -‬‬

‫‪10 -‬‬
‫‪~, + ~)8‬‬

‫~‪13~10( 30~1~ 0110‬‬

‫_‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪130‬‬

‫‪~(0111 ~1~. (11-2), 10~ (010( ~11((~01,‬‬

‫~‪511/)511111110‬‬
‫= ~‪1‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪1 ~5‬‬
‫‪%,+‬‬
‫‪111010(,‬‬

‫‪%,,,(%5 + %~) + /%,,,(~,‬‬

‫‪111010(,‬‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫‪1-7,‬‬
‫)‪+ ~)8‬‬
‫)~‪+ /(%,,, + %5 + %‬‬

‫‪~~/8‬‬
‫~‪%‬‬
‫‪+ 130-1‬‬

‫‪((~5 + ~~/8)2 + (%5 + %~)2)1/2‬‬

‫‪8(). (11-17) 10 8()5. (11-9) 300 (11-123) )11~105‬‬

‫~‪3~~1-7‬‬
‫‪%,,,‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~ ,.+‬‬
‫‪%5‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~ ~8/‬‬
‫~‪%‬‬
‫)‪(11-15‬‬

‫)‪(11-16‬‬

‫)‪(11-17‬‬

‫= )‪1,‬‬ ‫)‪(11-18‬‬
‫‪80), (( ~,‬‬ ‫‪+ ~)8‬‬ ‫‪)2‬‬ ‫)‪+ ( %5 + %~) 2‬‬

‫~‪11 10~ 111010( 15 511~~11~0 1(0111 3 11)(~0 ~0113~~ 31 3 ~0051301 1(~()11~0~)1, 10‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0~~~10~~0 10(()11~ 15 3 1110~1100 0110~ 511~ 300 10~ 10(()11~-5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~03(3~1~(1511~5 ~30‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪/)~ 0~1~(11110~0 1(0111 8(). (11-18).‬‬ ‫‪,4. 1)1~1~31 ~101 01 0~~~10~~0 10(()11~ 35 3 1110~1100‬‬
‫‪01511~ 0( 5~~~0 15 500~0 10 ~1~. 11-3.‬‬ ‫~‪10~(~ 3(~ 10(~~ (~~1005 010~~(31100‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪111010(111~ 0( ~0~~(10~,‬‬ ‫‪0 ~ 8 ~ 1~ (2) (~~~0~(31100,‬‬ ‫~ ‪8 ~ 0~ 300 (3) ~111~~111~, 1‬‬
‫‪8 ~ 2. 10 111010(10~, 10~ 111010( (0131~5 10 10~ 53111~ 01(~~1100 35 10~ 11~10~ 300 35‬‬
‫‪10~ 511~ 10~(~35~5, 10~ 10(()11~ 3150 10~(~35~5 ~011~ 10~ 31(-~3~ 1111)((~11131115~0051301.‬‬
‫‪00~~ 10~ 10(()11~ (~3~0~5 115 1113)(111111111‬‬‫‪~3111~, 1,,, 31 8 = 8/~,, 10~ 10(()11~ 0~~(~35~5,‬‬
‫‪~110 10~ 10~(~35~ 10 511~ 011~ 10 (~011~1100 0110~ 31(-~3~ 1111)(.‬‬

‫‪$8~. 11-2‬‬ ‫‪343‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪111 (~~~11~(116.011,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 8~~~0‬‬ ‫(~‪18 ~(~111‬‬ ‫‪1111111111~ 8)111~11(01101.18 8~~~0,‬‬ ‫‪~1111 0),,,‬‬
‫~‪11110 0). 0~111‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ 811(11~ 01(~~11011,‬‬ ‫‪11110 111~ 811~ 18 11~~1111~~.‬‬ ‫‪111~(~10(~,‬‬ ‫‪~~/$‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪11~~116.~~.‬‬ ‫(~~‪11118 (11~11118 111111~0‬‬ ‫‪18 0~111~ 1~0‬‬ ‫(‪011~~ 1(0(11 111~ 8111111 11110 111~ (010‬‬
‫(‪~1(~1.111 3110 111~ (11010‬‬ ‫‪0~~(31~8‬‬ ‫‪38 3 ~~11~(310(.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(‪(11010‬‬ ‫(~~‪(~11.1(118 ~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 111‬‬
‫‪81.1~~1)1 8)181~(11.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(~1.1~-8~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪~113(3~1~(186.‬‬ ‫‪18 81(11113( 10 11131 01 (11010(111~,‬‬ ‫‪01.11‬‬
‫‪1111~111~ 11~~1111~~ ~1111.1~ 0110(~1.1~.‬‬
‫‪111 ~11.1~~111~, 111~ 8~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪18 0~~0811‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 01(~~6.011‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪11~10 3110 111~ 811~ 18‬‬
‫‪~(~111~( 11111111.11111)1. 11118 (113)1 113~~~11 11 111~ 8~~1.1~11~~ 01 111~ 81.1~~1_ 801.1(~~ 18‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(~~~(8~0,‬‬ ‫‪~1111~ (11010(111~,‬‬ ‫‪80 111111111~ 01(~~11011‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪11~10 18 11180 (~~~(8~0.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪0~~~10~~0‬‬ ‫‪10(~1.1~,‬‬ ‫‪~111~1118‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ 83(11~ 01(~~6.011‬‬ ‫‪118 111~ 11~10, 0~~08~8‬‬ ‫‪111~ (11011011‬‬
‫‪3110 3~18 38 0(11~111~ 10(~1.1~.‬‬ ‫~ ‪5111~~ $‬‬ ‫(‪1, 111~ (11010‬‬ ‫~‪~1.1((~1118 ~111 0~ 111~11, 01.11111‬‬
‫‪0~~~10~~0‬‬ ‫‪10(~1.1~ ~111 0~ 10~.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~11~(~)101.1‬‬ ‫~~‪10 ~11.1~~111~ 0(3‬‬ ‫‪(111.1810~ 01881~31~0‬‬
‫(‪~1111111 111~ (11010‬‬ ‫~~‪3110 11118 (1111)1~31.18~ ~)(~~881‬‬ ‫~‪11~36.11~ 01111‬‬ ‫‪(11010(.‬‬ ‫‪11118 1)1~~ 01‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪0(3~111‬‬ ‫‪18 1101 110((11311)1 (~~0(11(11~110~0.‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪813(6.11~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ (113~11111~ 8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪18 0),,,‬‬ ‫= ‪= 0 3110 $‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 813(111~ 10(~1.1‬‬
‫‪~1111 0~ 101.1110 1(0(11 .8~.‬‬ ‫)‪(11-18‬‬ ‫‪0)1 8~16.11~ $‬‬ ‫‪= 1 118‬‬
‫~~~~‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫)‪(11-19‬‬
‫‪· = 0).((~.‬‬ ‫)‪+ ~~)2 + (%. + %~)2‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(‪811~ 10‬‬ ‫‪(113)(1(111.1(1110(~1.1~,‬‬ ‫‪$,,,,‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ 0~1~((11111~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 8~11111~ 01(//0$‬‬ ‫‪= 0 3110‬‬
‫‪.8~. (11-18) )11~108‬‬

‫~ = ‪$,,,‬‬ ‫)‪(11-20‬‬
‫‪(~~ + (%~~+ %~)2)1/2‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫)‪51.1086.11.16.11~ $ = $,,, 111 .8~. (11-18‬‬ ‫‪~1~~8 111~ (113)(1(111.1(11‬‬ ‫‪0~~~10~~0‬‬
‫‪(11010(111~, ~111~1118 3180 ~1111~0 17/1//-0/1( (0,.()/1~ 0( /),.~(//(00~11‬‬ ‫‪(0,.()/1~,‬‬

‫‪3~2‬‬
‫~‪10(~1.1~ 01.1(111‬‬

‫= ‪1,,,,,,‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪0).(~ . +‬‬ ‫‪~~2.‬‬ ‫‪. + .+‬‬ ‫‪(%‬‬ ‫)‪% ~ )2‬‬
‫)‪(11-21‬‬

‫~~‪11110 111~ (113)(1(111.1(11(~~~11~(1111‬‬ ‫~‪10(~1.1‬‬ ‫‪~1111 0~ 101.1110 1(0(11 .8~.‬‬ ‫)‪(11-18‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 1~16.11‬‬

‫‪3~.12‬‬
‫~‪1,,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(11-22‬‬
‫‪20).( _~.‬‬ ‫‪+ ~~~.+‬‬ ‫)‪(%. + %~)2‬‬
‫‪11 ~.‬‬ ‫‪18 ~011810~(~0‬‬ ‫‪8(11311 ~0(11~3(~0‬‬ ‫(~‪10 0111‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.1111(11~~01111~~8,‬‬ ‫‪~111~1118‬‬ ‫‪1.181.1(11)13‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~3110‬‬ ‫‪3~~(0)(1(11116.011‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪(11010(8‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫~(‪(110‬‬ ‫~~ ‪1111111 1‬‬ ‫‪(31111~,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~0((~8~0110111‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~)(~(~8810118‬‬ ‫~‪0~~0(11‬‬

‫~~~~‪3‬‬
‫‪1(/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(11-23‬‬
‫‪$0).((~~/$)2‬‬ ‫)‪+ (%. + %~)2‬‬

‫~~~~‪3‬‬
‫= ‪1.‬‬ ‫)‪(11-24‬‬
‫‪0). (~~2‬‬ ‫)‪+ (%. + %~) 2‬‬

‫)‪(11-25‬‬

‫‪344‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~~‪3‬‬
‫‪1/11/11‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪-1/11‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(11-26‬‬
‫‪2(05 ( %5‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫) ~‪%‬‬

‫~‪~0(111~11210‬‬ ‫‪~().8.‬‬ ‫)‪(11-23‬‬ ‫‪~00‬‬ ‫)‪(11-24‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫‪(~8~~~110‬‬ ‫‪~()..‬‬ ‫)‪(11-26‬‬ ‫‪~1~~8‬‬

‫_ )‪1,‬‬ ‫)~‪2~~(%5 + %‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫)‪(11-27‬‬
‫‪1/11/11‬‬ ‫‪5((~/~)2‬‬ ‫)‪+ (%5 + %~)2‬‬

‫‪15‬‬ ‫_ )~‪2~~(%5+ %‬‬ ‫~‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪(11-28‬‬
‫‪1/11/11‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪+ (%5 + %~)2‬‬ ‫‪5~ + 1‬‬
‫~~ ‪11 5 ~ 1, 52‬‬ ‫)‪5~ ~00 ~().. (11-27‬‬ ‫‪~~0 0~ ~~~(0)(1111~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫)‪1,‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪2((05‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪(0/11‬‬

‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(11-29‬‬

‫‪2.‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬
‫‪6.‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪11 ~~0 0~ 0011~~0 1(0111 ~().8. (11-29‬‬
‫‪8111~11811~, 10~ 0~~~10~~0‬‬
‫‪~110 10(().1.1~. 111~ 8~~~0‬‬
‫~‪10~ 10110~10~ 111~~08‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪1.‬‬ ‫(‪51~10‬‬ ‫~~~‪~011‬‬

‫‪~010( ~011~~~ ~001(01‬‬

‫‪~(~().1.1~0~~ ~001(01‬‬

‫‪51~10( ~1.1((~01 ~001(01‬‬

‫‪~001(01‬‬

‫‪51~10( ~011~~~ ~00 1(~().1.1~0~~ ~001(01‬‬

‫‪~011~~~, ~1.1((~01, ~00 1(~().1.1~0~~ ~001(01‬‬

‫‪~00 (11-30) 10~1 11111~ 111010( 0~~(~1~8 ~110‬‬
‫‪10(().1.1~ 18 ~(0~0(1100~1‬‬ ‫‪10 811~ ~00 10~ 8~~~0 0~~(~~8~8‬‬
‫‪~00 10(().1.1~ 011001.1~1100 111010(8 ~~0 0~ ~~(1~0 0~ 00~ 01‬‬

‫~~‪10 111~~1111~ 10(().1.1~-8~~~0 01.11~~~~1~ 01 ~ 0(1~~, 10~ ~011~~~, ~1.1((~01 ~00 1(~().1.1~0‬‬
‫‪~001(01 ~(~ 00(111~11~ 1.18~0.‬‬

‫‪~)(3111())~ 11-1‬‬
‫)‪(11-30‬‬

‫~‪~ 111(~~-~1135~ 460- ~ 60-1-12 101.1(-~01~ ~ -~01111~~1~0 11101.1~11011111010( 1135 111~ 10110.,.,111‬‬
‫‪~~1.11,,,31~111-~1(~1.111~3(3111~1~(5~ 8., = 0.42 .0, 8.,‬‬
‫‪= 0.23 .0, %, = %, = 0.82 .0, 3110‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪%,,, = 22.0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 110-1030 1055, .,.,111~1118 ~00 10.~ = 60~,‬‬ ‫‪1113)10~ 3851.1111~0~011513111.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪111~ (010( 5~~~0 15 1750 (~111. 05~ 111~ 3~~(0)(111131~ ~~1.11,,,31~111~1(~1.111111~1~. 11-2 10‬‬
‫‪0~1~(111111~ 111~ (3) 8)111~11(01101.155~~~0, (0, ~ (0) 811~, -5~ (~) 111~1.11~1.1((~111, /.~ (0) 111~1.11‬‬
‫)‪~0.,.,~(, ~.~ (~) 111~1.11~0.,.,~( 13~10( 01111~ 51.1~~1)1, ~~,~ (1‬‬
‫(‪~3~ ~0.,.,~(, ~8~ (~) (010‬‬
‫~‪~0~~~( 1055, ~,~~ (11) 81310( ~0~~~( 1055, ~5~~ (1) 0~,,,~10~~0 10(~1.1~, 1,/, ()) ~111~1~11~)1‬‬
‫‪()() 513(1111~ ~1.1((~111, /,,, 3110 513(1111~ 10(~1.1~, 15~ (1) 511~ 10( 1113)(11111.1111‬‬
‫)‪10(~1.1~, -5,,,~ (111‬‬
‫‪1113)(11111.1111‬‬
‫‪0~,,,~10~~0‬‬ ‫‪10(~1.1~ 111111010(111~, 1 ,,,,,,~ (11) 1113)(11111.1111‬‬
‫~‪(~~~11~(311,,,‬‬ ‫‪0~,,,~10~~0‬‬
‫)‪10(~1.1~, 1,,,,~ 3110 (0‬‬ ‫‪1,,,,,, 3110 1,,,,11‬‬ ‫‪8.,18‬‬ ‫‪11~~1~~1~0.‬‬

‫‪80)01100‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪= 60 1-12, ~ = 4, 8., = 0.42 .0, 8., = 0.23 .0, %, = %, = 0.82 .0, %,,,‬‬
‫=‬

‫‪$8~.‬‬ ‫‪,,-2‬‬ ‫‪345‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪22 0, 3110 ,., = 1750 ~11111. 111~ 111138~,,,0113~~ 18 11, = 460/~3‬‬ ‫‪265.58‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬
‫‪(.0 = 270 )( 60 = 377 ~30/8, 3110(.0,,,= 1750 70/30 = 183.26 ~30/8.‬‬
‫‪(3) ~~0111 ~().. (11-1), (.0, = 2(.0/~ = 2 )( 377/4 = 188.5 ~30/8.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~~0111~().. (11-4),5‬‬ ‫‪= (188.5 - 183.26)/188.5‬‬ ‫‪= 0.028.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~~0111~().. (11-15),‬‬

‫‪7,., = - 22(0.82 + 0.82) + 122(0.42 + 0.23/0.028) = 7. 732 ~ 30 90‬‬

‫)‪0.42 + 0.23/0.028 + 1(22 + 0.82 + 0.82‬‬
‫‪11, 265.58‬‬
‫=‪1, =_ 2, = 7.732 /. -3090‬‬ ‫‪3435‬‬
‫~ ‪. / -30 .90‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(0) 111~ 110~~~ 13~10~ 01111~ 111010~18‬‬

‫)‪~~,,, = ~08 (-30.90‬‬ ‫)~‪= 0.858 (13~~111‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~~0111 ~().. (11-13),‬‬

‫‪~, = 3 )( 265.58‬‬ ‫()‬

‫‪34.35‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪0.858‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 23 482‬‬
‫‪(~) 111~ 110~~~ 13~10~ 01111~ 11111018(11111)118~~, = ~~,,, = 0.858 (13~~111~)~111~11‬‬
‫‪18 111~83111~38 111~111010~110~~~ 13~10~, ~~,,,, 0~~308~ 111~8(11111)11881110801031.‬‬
‫‪(1) ~~0111 ~().. (11-17), 111~~010~ ~0~~~11118‬‬

‫‪265.58‬‬
‫‪1,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~ ‪= 30. 1‬‬
‫‪((0.42‬‬ ‫‪+ 0.23/0.028)2‬‬ ‫‪+ (0.82‬‬ ‫‪+ 0.82)2)1/2‬‬

‫‪~~0111 ~().. (11-9),‬‬

‫() ‪)( 30.12‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪0.23‬‬
‫=‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~8‬‬
‫‪0.028‬‬
‫‪(~) ~~0111 ~().. (11-7), ~,./ = 3 )( 30.12 )( 0.23 = 625~.‬‬
‫‪(11) 111~ 81310~ ~01111~~1088, ~,,/ = 3 )( 30.12 )( 0.42 = 1142~.‬‬
‫‪(1) ~~0111 ~().. (11-123), 1.1 = 22,327/188.5‬‬ ‫‪= 118.4 ~.111.‬‬
‫‪()) ~() = ~8 - ~,~ - ~00 (030 = 22,327 - 625 - 60‬‬
‫~ ‪= 22,327‬‬

‫‪= 21 ,642 ~.‬‬

‫‪(/() ~0~ 5‬‬
‫‪= 1, ~().. (11-17) ~1,,,~8111~813~1111~~010~ ~0~~~111,‬‬
‫‪265.58‬‬
‫= ‪1,,‬‬
‫‪((0.42‬‬ ‫‪+ 0.23)2 + (0.82‬‬ ‫~ ‪+ 0.82)2)1/2 = 150.5‬‬

‫‪~~0111 ~().. (11-19),‬‬

‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪0.23‬‬ ‫‪150.52‬‬
‫= ‪1,‬‬ ‫‪= 82.9 ~.111‬‬
‫‪188.5‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(1) ~~0111 ~().. (11-20),‬‬ ‫‪111~8111110~1113)(11110111‬‬
‫‪10~().0~ (0~ 110~~~),‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0.23‬‬
‫=‪5,,, = +- (0.422 + (0.82 + 0.82)2)1/2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪0.1359‬‬

‫‪(111)~~0111 ~().. (11-21),‬‬ ‫‪111~1113)(11110111‬‬

‫‪0~,,,~1011~0 10~().0~,‬‬
‫‪)( 265.582‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫()‪1 ,,,,,, = 2‬‬
‫‪188.5(0.42‬‬ ‫‪+ ~0.422‬‬ ‫‪+ (0.82‬‬ ‫)‪+ 0.82)2‬‬

‫‪= 265.64 ~.111‬‬

‫‪346‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪(11) ~(0111 6().. (11-22),‬‬ ‫‪10~ (113)(111111111‬‬
‫~~‪(~/5~11~(311‬‬ ‫‪10(().11~ 15‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪265.582‬‬
‫‪1 ,,,~ =-‬‬ ‫(‪)( 188.5‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪- 0.42 + ~0.422‬‬ ‫)‪+ (0.82 + 0.82)2‬‬

‫‪= 440.94~.111‬‬
‫‪(0) ~(0111 6().. (11-25),‬‬

‫‪0.23‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪0.82 + 0.82‬‬ ‫‪~0.1402‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~(0111 6().. (11-26),‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪265.582‬‬
‫=‪7,71111‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1,,,~ = 2‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪188.5(0.82 + 0.82) = 342.2 ~.111‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪~()1.1(111011 (11-18‬‬ ‫~‪11101((11~5 10(1110‬‬ ‫‪10(()1.1~ 15 11(0110(11011(1110‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 5()1.1(1(~ 0110‬‬ ‫(‪51(110‬‬
‫~~‪51.111111~~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(1110 (1 (~01.1(11011‬‬ ‫~~‪111 51(110( ~011(1‬‬ ‫~(‪~11111(001.1‬‬ ‫‪(1 (~01.1(11011‬‬ ‫‪111 511~~0.‬‬
‫~‪1110‬‬ ‫~~‪1~((11111(11 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪15 (~01.1(~0‬‬ ‫‪10 6 ~5,‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬ ‫)‪(11-18‬‬ ‫‪~1~~5‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪0~~~1011~0‬‬ ‫~‪10(()1.1‬‬

‫_‬ ‫‪3~~(6~5)2‬‬
‫‪1 ,) -‬‬
‫‪50)5((~5‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~~/5)2‬‬ ‫)‪+ (%5 + %~)2‬‬
‫‪~0~(~ 6 ~ 1.‬‬
‫~(‪~1~1.1‬‬ ‫‪11-4‬‬ ‫‪500~5‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1~111((11 10(()1.1~-511~~0‬‬ ‫‪(0(1((1(1~(1511(5‬‬ ‫‪10( ~(1(101.15 ~(111.1~5‬‬
‫‪01 6.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪11011115 011111~(5~(11011‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪10(10‬‬ ‫~‪1111~ 0~1111‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪51(101‬‬ ‫~‪011~((11111‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪11011115.‬‬
‫‪1(~()1.1~11(~,‬‬

‫(‪0‬‬
‫‪111 (111~ (11(1~11~11( (1((1.111,‬‬
‫~‪(1110 10‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪11101.1(~0 ~011(1‬‬
‫‪((115 (11(-~(111111.1)( ((111 0~ ~)(11(~55~0‬‬

‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪~= 6~5‬‬ ‫~)‪1(,,,0‬‬

‫‪15 11(0110(11011(11‬‬
‫‪(15‬‬
‫‪10 111.1)( (1110‬‬

‫‪~~(1‬‬ ‫‪611.5‬‬
‫)‪(11-31‬‬
‫)‪~,,,0‬‬ ‫)‪~,,,0‬‬

‫‪,0~~0€‬‬

‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪---‬‬ ‫‪0= 1‬‬

‫‪0.8‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0.6‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0.4‬‬

‫‪0.2‬‬
‫‪8()€€0.(,),,,‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪(,)5‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪8~~().5‬‬
‫‪0.6‬‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬

‫~~‪111~0‬‬ ‫‪11-4 10~()11~-5))~~0‬‬ ‫‪~03~3~1~~1511~5 ~110.,,3~1301~ 51310~ .,,0113~~.‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪11-2‬‬ ‫‪~1101.1~1~011 ~010~ 0~~.,85‬‬ ‫‪347‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪1(,,, 15 (1 ~0051(101‬‬ ‫‪(10~ ~~11~0~5‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ 011(00‬‬ ‫‪01111(05‬‬
‫‪01111~ 51(110( ~10~10~.‬‬
‫‪(1(~ (1150 (~~11~~~.‬‬
‫(‪~5 111~ 51(110‬‬ ‫‪011(1~~ 15 (~~11~~~,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (11(-~(111 511)( (10~ 111~ 10(~11‬‬
‫~‪011(1~~, 111~ ~11((~01 ~111 0~ 11~(1~10‬‬
‫‪(11 (1 51111 0150‬‬ ‫‪111~ ((10~~ 01‬‬ ‫‪= ~.‬‬
‫(~~‪~1 (1 10‬‬ ‫‪(0010(,‬‬
‫‪(0(1)(1(011(0 10(~11~, 5,,,.‬‬ ‫‪~0( (1 10~-51111‬‬
‫‪511~~~ ~001(01‬‬ ‫‪~~11~0~5‬‬ ‫(‪00 111~ 5111110‬‬
‫‪~()1 0(1((0~.‬‬ ‫‪11115 1)111~ 01 011(1~~ ~001(0115‬‬ ‫‪001 51111(101~ 10( (1‬‬
‫‪111~ 511~~~ ((10~~ 15‬‬
‫~‪00((0(111)1 (1111111~~ 10 (1111111~(111005 (~~111(10~ 10~ 51(1(110‬‬
‫~‪~0051(101-10(~11‬‬ ‫‪10(1~ (111~ 15‬‬
‫~‪(11 (1 (~1(111 ~1)110‬‬ ‫‪51111.‬‬
‫~‪10(~11~ (10~ (1 0(1((0‬‬ ‫~~~‪((10~~ 01 511‬‬
‫~~‪(1(1‬‬ ‫~‪0)1111(~~-1111(15‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫‪(1~ 011(1~~ ~001(011~(5,‬‬
‫(‪111~ 51(110‬‬ ‫~‪011(1~~ ~(10 0‬‬
‫~‪~(, ~11‬‬
‫‪~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫~~~ )‪0( (3‬‬ ‫‪10 ~(1~(5.‬‬ ‫~~‪110‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫~~‪011(1~~-1‬‬ ‫~‪(1(1(101‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫~‪110‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫~~‪(1(~ 00((0(111)1115‬‬
‫‪10 11(011~~ 511~~~ ((10~~ (~~111(~(0~1115,‬‬ ‫‪111~ (1~ 011(1~~ ~001(011~(5‬‬
‫‪(1(~ ~()1 51(0111~.‬‬ ‫‪110~-‬‬
‫‪10 11(0 1~~ 111~ 011(1~~ ~001(01.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (1~ 011(1~~ ~001(011~(5‬‬ ‫(‪1(1~10‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪~001(011~(5‬‬
‫(~~‪(1(~ 111~11 (10~ 111~ 1011111110‬‬
‫‪~ ~(, 111~ 11(1((0001~ ~001~015‬‬
‫‪(0(1101)110‬‬ ‫(~~‪10~ 110‬‬ ‫‪(1111111~(111005, 511~11 (15 1(105, 010~~(5,‬‬
‫‪15 10~.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~)1 (1(~ 115‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(10~ ~~01(1111~(111111(0115,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 51(1(110~ 10(~11‬‬ ‫‪15 10~.‬‬ ‫(‪111~)1 (1(~ (1150 115~~ 10‬‬
‫‪(0010(5‬‬ ‫~‪10 11(011111‬‬ ‫‪10-(11511 ~11((~01.‬‬
‫~‪51(1(110‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~11-110‬‬ ‫‪10~11~1100‬‬

‫‪~1(3111()1~ 11-2‬‬
‫~‪~_~01111~~1~011101.1~11011111010‬‬ ‫~‪11(15111~ 10110~111‬‬
‫~‪/1.. 111~~~-1111(15~460-‬‬ ‫~‪60-1-1~ 101.1~-1101‬‬
‫‪= 1.30,)(,‬‬ ‫‪= 1.940,‬‬ ‫‪(1110)(,,, = 43.5‬‬
‫‪11(1~(1111~1~~5~~5‬‬ ‫‪= 1.01 0, ~, = 0.690,)(5‬‬
‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 110-10(10 1055, 11001030, 15 11~~11~101~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(10 10~().1.1~, ~111~1115 11~0110~11011(11‬‬
‫)‪10111~ 511~~0 5().1.1(1~~0,15 41 ~.111 (111740 ~11111. 11111~ 111010~ 511~~015 1550 ~11111,0(0‬‬
‫~‪~1~~111111‬‬
‫~‪111010‬‬
‫~‪111~ ((1) 10(10 10~().1.1~, 1(.~ (0) ~010~ ~1.1~~~111,1,~ (~) 51(110~ 51.111111‬‬
‫~‪~011(1~~, ~0‬‬
‫~‪111(1)(11111.1111~1.1~~~111, 50‬‬ ‫)~(‬
‫)~(‬ ‫~‪111010‬‬ ‫‪111111.11110~~~,‬‬ ‫)‪11,~ (1‬‬ ‫~‪5111110‬‬
‫~‪111111.11~1.1~~~111, 1,‬‬ ‫‪()),,~ (1110‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫~‪10~().1.1‬‬
‫)‪(11‬‬ ‫‪511~~0‬‬ ‫‪(11111(1)(11111.1111‬‬ ‫~‪~010‬‬ ‫‪~1.1~~~111,‬‬
‫~‪111(1)(11111.1111 ~010‬‬ ‫‪~1.1~~~111,‬‬ ‫~)‪1,(,,,3.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪(11 111‬‬ ‫‪111(1)(11111.1111 ~1.1~~~111,‬‬

‫‪8011.11100 ~ = 4, / = 601-1~, ~5 = 460/0‬‬

‫‪)(5 = 1.30,)(,‬‬
‫‪377‬‬
‫‪)( 2/4‬‬
‫=‬
‫=‪= 1.940, (1110)(,,,‬‬
‫‪188.5‬‬ ‫‪~(10/5.‬‬
‫‪1,,.‬‬

‫‪43.50, ()) = 2,,.‬‬

‫‪= 265.58~,‬‬
‫()‬

‫‪5111~~ 10~().1.1~15 11~0110~11011(1110 511~~0 5().1.1(1~~0,‬‬

‫‪~5 = 1.01 0, ~, = 0.690,‬‬
‫‪()),‬‬
‫= ‪60 = 377 ~(10/5,(1110‬‬

‫)‪(11-32‬‬

‫‪1(,,, = 41/‬‬
‫‪/1..1()),,, = 1740,,./30‬‬ ‫‪41 ~.111 (1110~().. (11-32) ~1~105‬‬
‫= ‪= 182.2 ~(10/5, 1(.‬‬
‫‪)( 10-3 (1110()),,,‬‬ ‫‪1550,,./30‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪162.3‬‬ ‫‪~(10/5.‬‬ ‫‪~~0111‬‬ ‫‪~()..‬‬ ‫‪(11-4),5‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪182.22 = 1.235‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪(188.5 - 162.3)/188.500‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪0.139.‬‬
‫‪)( 10-3‬‬ ‫‪)( 162.32‬‬ ‫‪= 32.5 ~.111.‬‬
‫‪((1) ~~0111 ~().. (11-32), 1(. = 1.235‬‬
‫)‪(0) ~~0111 ~().5. (11-10‬‬ ‫‪(1110 (11-32),‬‬

‫)‪(11-33‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1/2‬‬

‫= ‪1,‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪51(.()),,,‬‬

‫)‪3~, (1 - 5‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫()‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫‪1/0‬‬
‫)‪(11-34‬‬
‫()‬ ‫‪162.3‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪0.139‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪32.5‬‬
‫)‪0.69 (1 - 0.139‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪= 20.28 /1..‬‬

‫‪348‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫)~(‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪51310‬‬ ‫~‪511~~1‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~,‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪~1/2‬‬
‫)‪~. = 1.( (~. + ~.‬‬ ‫‪+ (%. + %.)2‬‬
‫)‪(11-35‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪11/2‬‬
‫‪0.69‬‬
‫‪= 20.28 (( 1.01 + 0.139‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪+ (1.3 + 1.94)2~ = 139.34‬‬

‫‪(0) ~~01118~. (11-15),‬‬

‫)‪-43.5(1.3 + 1.94) + 143.5(1.01 + 0.69/0.139‬‬
‫= ‪7../‬‬ ‫‪. ~ 35740‬‬
‫‪= 628‬‬
‫)‪1.01 + 0.69/0.139 + 1(43.5 + 1.3 + 1.94‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪139.34‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫= ‪1,‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪-35.74‬‬ ‫‪= 22.2‬‬ ‫‪/ -35.74‬‬ ‫‪.4..‬‬
‫= ‪7..,‬‬ ‫‪628‬‬
‫)‪(~) ~~,,, = ~05 (-35.740‬‬ ‫‪= 0.812 (13~~111~). ~~0111 8~. (11-13),‬‬
‫~ ‪11, = 3 )( 139.34 )( 22.2 )( 0.812 = 7535.4‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪(1) 511/)5111111111‬‬
‫‪00,,, = 00. (1 - 5) 3110 1~ = /(,,,~ 1118~. (11-34) ~1~105‬‬

‫‪51~00,,, 11/2‬‬ ‫‪_ ) 5/(,,,00. 1/2‬‬

‫= ~‪1‬‬
‫‪( 3~.(1‬‬ ‫‪= (1‬‬ ‫‪5 00.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫~)‪5‬‬
‫)‪(11-36‬‬
‫) (‬ ‫~~‪3‬‬

‫‪111~ 511~ 31 ~111~11 1~ /)~~0111~5 (113)(111111111‬‬

‫‪~(111 /)~ 0/)13111~0 /)~ 5~11111~ ()1~/ ()5 = 0, 3110‬‬
‫‪11115~1~105‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫)‪(11-37‬‬

‫)‪(11-38‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪188.5‬‬
‫)‬ ‫‪= 24.3 .4..‬‬

‫~‪(11) 111‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪31 111~ (113)(111111111 ~11~~~111,‬‬

‫‪00. = 005(1‬‬ ‫‪- 5.) = (2/3)005 = 0.6667005‬‬ ‫)‪(11-39‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪= 188.5‬‬ ‫‪2/3 = 125.27 ~30/5‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪1200 ~~111‬‬
‫‪(1) ~~0111 8~5. (11-9),‬‬ ‫‪(11-123),‬‬ ‫‪3110 (11-36),‬‬

‫)‪(11-40‬‬
‫‪0.69‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫()‬
‫‪= 9‬‬ ‫() ‪24.32‬‬
‫‪188.5 = 19.45 ~.111‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫(‪111 3 ~0000-(010‬‬ ‫~‪111010(, 30 ~)(1~(031111(~~-~1135‬‬ ‫‪(~51510( 1113)11)~ ~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10 115‬‬

‫‪511~ (10~5 35 5110~0 10 ~1~. 11-53.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0~~~10()~0 10~~0~ 1113)11)~ ~3(1~0 1))1~3()110‬‬
‫‪111~ (~515130~~, ~.(.‬‬ ‫‪1~~.( 15 (~~~((~0 10 111~ 51310( ~10010~ 300 300~0 10 ~0 8~.‬‬

‫‪58~. 11-2‬‬ ‫‪349‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(11-18‬‬ ‫‪111(1~ 0~ (1~~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 0~1~(111111‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~~~10~~0‬‬ ‫‪10(()1.1~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪1~~1~(1110(()1.1~-‬‬
‫‪5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~11(1((1~1~(1511~5‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫(‪~(1(1(1110115 111 (010‬‬ ‫~~‪(~5151(111‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪11-50.‬‬
‫~‪11115 111~11100 111~(~(15~5111‬‬ ‫‪51(1(1111~ 10(()1.1~ ~1111~ 1111111111~111~ 51(1(1111~ ~1.1((~111.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~-‬‬
‫‪~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪11115 15 (111 111~111~1~111 111~11100 (1110 111~(~ ~01.110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 1.1110(11(111~~5 111 ~011(1~~5‬‬ ‫‪(1110‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~1115 11111~ (~5151(111~~5‬‬ ‫(‪111 111~ (010‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.111 (1(~ 1101 ~()1.1(11.‬‬
‫(‪111~ 111(~~-~11(15~ (~51510‬‬ ‫‪111(1~ 0~ (~~1(1~~0‬‬ ‫~‪0~ (1 111(~~-~11(15‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫(~‪(~~1111‬‬ ‫‪(1110‬‬
‫(~~~‪(1 ~110‬‬ ‫‪(15 5110~11 111 ~1~. 11-6(1,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ 010‬‬ ‫‪0~~((11~5‬‬ ‫(~~~‪(15 (1 ~110‬‬ ‫‪5~11~11.‬‬
‫‪111~ 11101.1~10(, ~,,,‬‬ ‫‪(1~15 (15 (1 ~1.1((~111 501.1(~~,‬‬ ‫‪/,,,‬‬ ‫(~~~‪(1110 111~ ~110‬‬ ‫~~‪~(1(1~5 111~ ~11~~11‬‬
‫‪(~5151(111~~,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 ~(111 0~ 101.1110 1(0111 ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(10-45‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪= ~(1‬‬ ‫)(‪/‬‬ ‫)‪(11-41‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫~‪/( 15 111~ 01.11~ ~~~1~ 01111‬‬
‫‪111~ 01.11~ ~~~1~.‬‬
‫(~~‪111~ 511~ ~0‬‬
‫(~~~‪111~ ~110‬‬
‫(‪111 111~ (010‬‬
‫‪(1110 (~5151(111~~,‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬
‫~~‬

‫‪~110~~~(.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫‪111~ 5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~(111 0~ ~0111(011~0‬‬

‫~‪~1(~1.111111(1~ 0~ (~11.1(11~0 10 111~ 51.1~~1~ 0~ (~~1(1~111‬‬

‫(~‪~1111 (1 111(~~-~11(15~ 11.111~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪(15 5110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬
‫~‪0~ ~(1(~111‬‬

‫‪11-60.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(~‪~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪15 0~~((11~0‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ 111~~(51011‬‬ ‫~‪11100‬‬ ‫~‪~1111 0~1(1‬‬ ‫‪((111~~ 01 -../2‬‬
‫~‪~ (1 ~ -.., 111~(~0‬‬ ‫~~(~‪(~11.1(11111~ ~11‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 501.1(~~.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~(1(1(111011 01111‬‬ ‫~‪0~1(1~ (111~1‬‬
‫‪~~(111115‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪110‬‬ ‫‪(1110 5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01.‬‬ ‫~~~‪11115 1‬‬ ‫~~‪01 0(1‬‬ ‫‪15 /(110~11‬‬ ‫~‪(15 (1 5((1(1‬‬
‫‪/(,(1111€,‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~.‬‬ ‫‪~~(1111,‬‬ ‫~~‪0~ (~~1(1~111~ 111~ 0(10‬‬ ‫‪(~~1111~(5‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 111(~~ 111(~~-~11(15‬‬ ‫‪01.1(11‬‬
‫‪~011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫)‪~~~10~011~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫‪(15 5110~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪11-6~,‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ 511~ ~0‬‬ ‫~‪110‬‬ ‫(~‪111 ~1111‬‬
‫‪01(~~11011‬‬ ‫~‪15 ~055101‬‬ ‫‪(1110 11115 (1(((111~~111~111 15 ~(111~0 (1 5((1(1~ 5~/1€,01/15‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫(~‪51(111~ 1(((1111‬‬ ‫‪(1110 5~11~(011.15‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~5‬‬ ‫~~(‪(1(~ 1.15~0 111 1(1‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪~1.1111~ (1110 010‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~(~‪(1~~11~(1110115 ~11‬‬ ‫‪1111111~0 ((111~~ 01 5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111(0115‬‬ ‫‪(~()1.11(~0.‬‬ ‫(‪5111~~ 111~ 111010‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪01(~~11‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 501.1(~~,‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫~‪1(1~10( 01111~5‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~5‬‬ ‫~‪15 ~~11~((111‬‬ ‫‪111~11.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~,.3(11()1~ 11-3‬‬

‫(‪~ 111(~~-~11(15~ 460- ~ 60-1-12 51)(-~01~ ~ -~01111~~1~0 ~01.1110-(010‬‬ ‫~‪11101.1~11011(11010( ~1105‬‬

‫(~~‪5~~~0 15 ~0111(011~0 0~ 511~ ~0‬‬ ‫~‪(15 5110~11111 ~1~. 11-6(111(15 111~ 10110~111~ ~(1((1111~1~(5‬‬
‫‪/( = 0.041 0, ~~ = 0.044 0, ~5 = 0.29 0, ~~ = 0.440,‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~,,, = 6.1 0.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪11.1(115((1110 01111~ (010( 10 51(110( ~1110111~5 15 11~~.= /-/)/-/,‬‬ ‫‪= 0.9.‬‬ ‫)‪111~ 11101.1~1(111~~~,‬‬
‫‪15 ..,~(~ 1(1(~~ (1110 /15 ~1.1((~111 /.1 11(1511~~11~101~ (1~~1~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ..,(111.1~501 ~5, ~,, %,, (1110‬‬
‫‪~~ 10( 111~ ~().1.11..,(11~111‬‬
‫~‪~1(~1.111111~1~. 11-2 ~(1110~ ~011510~(~0 11~~11~101~ ~0111~(1(~0 10 111‬‬
‫‪~11~~11..,~ 1111~~0(111~~ 01 ~,).‬‬ ‫‪111~ 110-10(10 1055 01111~ (11010( 15 11~~11~101~. 111~ 1055~5‬‬
‫‪111111~ (~~1111~(, 11101.1~10( ~,) (1110 111~ 010‬‬ ‫‪~110~~~( (1(~ (1150 11~~11~101~.‬‬

‫‪350‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪-~0‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1...0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫‪(3,-0‬‬
‫‪1,/0‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪1,/00‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪8~~~ ~0~8‬‬ ‫)~‪(0~0~~8~(~008.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(~) 8(8.(~~ 8~~8~0,~5‬‬ ‫‪0~~__8‬‬

‫‪111~ 1030 10(().11~, ~111~1115 ~(0~0(60113110‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪5().113(~0, 15 750 ~.111 31 1175‬‬
‫‪(~111.‬‬ ‫~‪(3) 11111~ 111010( 1135 10 0~~(31‬‬ ‫‪~1111 3 111111111111111‬‬
‫‪5~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪01 800 (~111, 0~1~(111111‬‬
‫‪111~ (~5151311~~,~.‬‬ ‫‪~111111115 ,,,3111~ 01 ~,‬‬ ‫‪11111~ 0~51(~0‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪15 1050‬‬ ‫~‪(~111, ~31~11131‬‬
‫‪111~ (0) 111011~10( ~11((~111, 1,)~ (~) (111)1 ~)1~1~ 01111~ ~110~~~(,‬‬ ‫)~( ~)‪/(~ (0) 0~ ,,,0113/2,~, ~,‬‬
‫(~~‪~111~1~11~)1~3110 (1) 111~111~0‬‬ ‫‪13~10( 01111~ 0(1,,,~, 1-~5.‬‬

‫‪58~. 11-2‬‬ ‫‪351‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫()‬
‫‪8010~100‬‬ ‫‪~0 = 460/~3‬‬ ‫‪= 265.58 ~, 11 = 6, 0) = 2 70‬‬ ‫= ‪60 = 377 (((0/5, ((110 0)5‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪377/6 = 125.66 (((0/5.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ ~((111~((1~11~~1(~111~ 01 ~0.~ 0(1~~ 15 50.0~11 111 ~1~. 11-‬‬
‫‪7((, ~0.1~0. 15 (~011~~0 ~0 ~1~. 11-70 ~(0~10~0‬‬ ‫‪~0.~ 1110~0( ~(((((111~~~(5 (((~ 11~~1~~~~0.‬‬
‫‪~(0111 ~((. (11-41),‬‬ ‫‪~0.~ 0~ ~01~((~~ ((~ ~0.~ (~~1111~( 0111~11115‬‬

‫)‪(11-42‬‬

‫)‪(11-43‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪(( ~0.(~~-~0.((5‬‬ ‫‪(~~~111~(, ~((.‬‬ ‫)‪(2-77‬‬ ‫‪(~1((~~5 ~. ((110 ~,, ((5‬‬

‫‪~,, = 1.6542 )( -0~.‬‬ ‫‪= 2.3394~.‬‬

‫‪~(0111 ~((.‬‬ ‫‪(11-43),‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(11-44‬‬
‫‪11 11. 15 ~0.~ 511~ ~0~~(,‬‬ ‫‪~0.~ ~((~ ~0~~(,‬‬
‫‪11.‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫= ‪8‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪((110 ~((.‬‬ ‫)‪(11-9‬‬ ‫‪~1~~5 ~0.~ 0~~~10~~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪((5‬‬

‫‪11,, = 3(118 -‬‬ ‫‪11.) = 3 (~.‬‬ ‫)‪- 11.‬‬ ‫)‪(11-45‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬
‫‪~~~.-‬‬
‫‪)(,,‬‬
‫‪~~$‬‬
‫)‪(11-46‬‬

‫‪~,-‬‬ ‫‪+ ~.‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~~,‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫~‪..1‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫(‪~098‬‬ ‫~‪1~8,,$10~1119‬‬

‫‪(0) ..6.~~~0)(~111819‬‬ ‫‪9~()~1/8~9,,1‬‬ ‫‪~1~~()~1‬‬

‫‪..1~0..~ 11-7‬‬ ‫‪~().0)1/31~,,( ()((0)(5‬‬ ‫‪(0( ~)(3111~1~ 11-3.‬‬

‫‪352‬‬
 ‫~‪51105111111111‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬ ‫)‪(11-44‬‬ ‫‪111 ~().‬‬
‫ُﺷﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭ‬
‫)‪(11-46‬‬ ‫~‪3110 501~111‬‬ ‫‪~0~ /0 ~1~~5‬‬

‫_‬ ‫‪11..(1)5‬‬
‫‪/0 -‬‬ ‫)‪(11-47‬‬
‫‪2.3394~511,,,‬‬

‫‪~111~1111101~31~5‬‬ ‫~‪11131111‬‬ ‫~‪111011~10‬‬ ‫‪~11~~~11115‬‬ ‫‪1110~~~110~111‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ 5~~~0.‬‬ ‫~‪~()1131111‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬
‫)‪(11-42‬‬ ‫‪10 ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(11-44‬‬ ‫‪~1,,,~5‬‬

‫)(‪2.3394.5~511 = /08.(1 - /‬‬

‫)(‪/08.(1 - /‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪.5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(11-48‬‬
‫‪2.3394~511,,,‬‬

‫‪111~ 5~~~0 ~311 0~ ~011110~~0~ ~(). (11-48) 35‬‬

‫_ ‪_ (1)5(1‬‬ ‫)‪.5‬‬
‫_‬ ‫)(‪_ /08.(1 - /‬‬ ‫)‪(11-49‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪(1),,,‬‬ ‫‪(1)5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪2.3394~511,,,‬‬ ‫)‬
‫)(‪_ 11..(1)58.(1- /‬‬
‫_‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪(1)5‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪(2.3394 ~511,,,)2‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫)‪(11-50‬‬

‫‪~0~ 3 ~1)(~0 ,,,3111~ 0~ 0111~ ~~~1~, 111~ 5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~~~35~5‬‬ ‫‪~11111030‬‬ ‫‪10~()11~.‬‬ ‫(‪8~ ,,,3~~111~ /‬‬
‫~‪~~0‬‬ ‫‪0 10 1, 111~ 5~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0~ ,,,3~1~0 ~~0‬‬ ‫~‪3 ~1111~11‬‬ ‫‪,,,3111~ 10 (1)5.‬‬
‫‪(3) (1),,, = 80010/30‬‬ ‫‪= 83.77‬‬ ‫‪~30/5.‬‬ ‫~‪~~0‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬ ‫)‪(11-32‬‬ ‫~~~ ‪111~ 10~()11~ 31 900‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪800‬‬
‫‪11..‬‬ ‫()‪= 750‬‬ ‫=) (‬
‫‪1175‬‬
‫~‪347.67 ~.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪111~ 5~~~0‬‬
‫~‪~1111~11‬‬
‫~‪~111 0~ ~1111~11‬‬
‫‪5~~~0,‬‬
‫‪/0‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪2.3394‬‬
‫‪347.67‬‬
‫()‬
‫()‬

‫‪265.58‬‬
‫‪125.66‬‬
‫()‬

‫‪~11~11 111~ 0111~ ~~~1~ /( 15 2~~0 3110 ~().‬‬

‫= ‪0.9‬‬
‫~ ‪78.13‬‬

‫)‪(11-49‬‬ ‫~‪~1,,,~5 111‬‬

‫‪83.77 = 125.66‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫‪1 -‬‬

‫‪2.3394‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪78.138.‬‬
‫‪265.58‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪0.9‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪3110 11115~1~105 8.‬‬ ‫‪= 2.38560.‬‬
‫~~~ ‪(0) ~1 1050‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪11..‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫()‪750‬‬

‫) (‬ ‫‪1050‬‬
‫‪1175‬‬
‫~‪= 598.91 ~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫()‬
‫‪598.91‬‬ ‫‪125.66‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪/0‬‬ ‫‪= 2.3394 )( 265.58‬‬ ‫()‬

‫~ ‪0.9 = 134.6‬‬
‫‪(~) (1),,, = 105010/30‬‬ ‫‪= 109.96 ~30/5 3110 ~(). (11-49) ~1~~5‬‬
‫‪_ 134.6‬‬ ‫()‬
‫)(‪2.3856(1 - /‬‬
‫‪109.96‬‬ ‫‪= 125.66 1‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪2.3394‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪265.58 )( 0.9‬‬ ‫)‬

‫‪58~. 11-2‬‬ ‫‪353‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪(0) 511~,‬‬

‫)‪1‬‬
‫‪125.66‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪109.96_-.1 0 25‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪125.66‬‬
‫‪~~001 ~(). (11-44),‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪17,/ = 2.3394‬‬ ‫‪0.125‬‬ ‫‪265.58‬‬ ‫‪0.9‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 69.9‬‬
‫‪(~) 10~ ~0~~~ 1055,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~ ‪111 = 17,/1,/ = 69.9 )( 134.6 = 9409‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪110 = 1~()),,, = 598.91‬‬ ‫~ ‪109.96 = 65 856‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬

‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫= ~‪1‬‬ ‫= ‪1,/11,,,‬‬ ‫‪134.6‬‬ ‫~ ‪0.9 = 98.9‬‬

‫‪10~ ~010~ ~0~~~~ 1055, 11~~ = 3 )( 0.044‬‬ ‫‪)( 98.92‬‬

‫~~~~‪= 1291 ~, ~110 10~ 51~10~ ~0‬‬
‫‪1055, 11$~ = 3 )( 0.041 )( 98.92 = 1203~.‬‬ ‫‪10~ 111~111~0~~~,‬‬
‫‪11, = 65,856‬‬ ‫~ ‪+ 9409 + 1291 + 1203 = 77,759‬‬

‫‪10~ ~111~1~11~~15 65,856/77,759‬‬ ‫‪= 85%.‬‬

‫‪(1) ~~001 ~(). (4-62), 10~ 111110~01~111~1‬‬
‫‪~001~011~1110110~ ~010~ ~111~~111~~1~~1~0‬‬
‫‪10 10~ 51~10~ 15‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪1~1 = 0.77971,/‬‬

‫~ ‪= 94.45‬‬
‫~~‬
‫‪= 0.77971,/11,,,‬‬

‫‪17. 265.58‬‬
‫~ ‪1,,, = )(,,, = 6.1 = 43.54‬‬

‫‪2)1/2‬‬
‫‪11 = ((0.77971,/11,,,)2+‬‬
‫)~~(‬ ‫)‪(11-51‬‬
‫~ ‪= (94.452 + 43.542)1/2 = 104‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~~‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪1~~10~ ~11~1~ 15 ~1~~11 0‬‬

‫‪17))(,,,‬‬
‫‪6,,, = -1~11-‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪0.77971,/11,,,‬‬
‫)‪(11-52‬‬
‫_‬ ‫‪-1 43.54‬‬
‫‪1~11‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪-24740‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪94.45‬‬
‫)‪10~ 111~111~0~~~ 1~~10~, ~~$ = ~05 ( - 24.740‬‬ ‫‪= 0.908 (1~~~111~).‬‬

‫‪354‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪~5~~,‬‬ ‫‪,~,‬‬ ‫~~‪-‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~2‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫~‪(..‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~,,,‬‬

‫‪))(,,,‬‬
‫‪~~5‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪~~~~0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪~~~5‬‬

‫~‪,,,,010‬‬ ‫~‪,..~8~510~016‬‬

‫‪..1~11..~ 11-8‬‬ ‫(‪~()111.,,31~(11 ~1(~1111(0‬‬ ‫(~‪51311~ 1((3((1‬‬ ‫‪0(1.,,~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪~~301~1‬‬ ‫‪11-4‬‬

‫‪111~ 1(1011~110(1111010..1(1 8)((1111~1~ 11-3 18 ~0(11..011~0 0~ (1 81(111~1(..(1111~.. 0..1.,,~ (18 8110~(1‬‬

‫‪1(1 ~1~. 11-60.‬‬ ‫= ‪111~ 111..(18..(1110 01111~ ~0(1.,,~..1~.. (1~ .,,011(1~~ 10 811~~1~ .,,011(1~~ 18 11.‬‬
‫‪/+././/+./0 = 0.40.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(10 10..((11~ 18 750 ~.111 (111175 ..~111. 11111~ 111010.. 18 ..~((111..~0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪10 0~~..(11~ (11(18~~~0 011050 ..~111, ~(11~111(11~111~ ((1) 1(1011~10.. ~11 ~(11, 1,,~ (0) 0~ .,,011(1~~,‬‬
‫‪~,,~ (~) 0~1(1~ (1(1~1~ 01111~ ~0(1.,,~..1~.., ~~ (0) ~111~1~(1~~~ (1(10 (~) 1(1~111 ~0~~..‬‬ ‫‪1(1~10.. 01‬‬
‫‪10~ 0..1.,,~, ~~5.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 1088~8 1(1 111~ 0100‬‬ ‫‪..~~1111~.., ~0(1.,,~..1~.., 1..(1(1810..111~.. (1(10 1(1011~10..‬‬
‫‪1-,, (1..~ (1~~11~101~.‬‬

‫~‪80101100 ~. = 460/‬‬ ‫‪= 265.58 ~, /1 = 6,00 = 2,..‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫‪)( 60 = 377..(10/8,005‬‬
‫‪= 2‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪377/6 = 125.66..(10/8, (1(1000,,,= 1050,../30 = 109.96 ..(10/8. 111~(1‬‬
‫‪125.66 - 109.96‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0 . 125‬‬
‫‪125.66‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1050‬‬
‫‪1 ~ = 750‬‬ ‫()‬
‫) (‬
‫‪1175‬‬ ‫‪= 598.91 ~.111‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪((1) 111~ ~((111.,,(11~(11~1..~111101111~ 0..1.,,~ 18 8110~(11(1 ~1~. 11-8, ~11~..~ 111~ 111010..‬‬
‫‪~(1..(1111~1~..8 (1..~ (1~~1~~1~0.‬‬ ‫‪~..0111 8((. (11-47),‬‬

‫‪1,, --‬‬
‫‪2.3394‬‬
‫‪111~ 1(1011~10.. ~11 ~(1118‬‬

‫()‪598.91‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪265.58‬‬
‫‪125.66‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪0.9‬‬
‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪134 .6‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪,,.‬‬

‫‪(0) ~..0111 8((.‬‬ ‫‪(11-44),‬‬

‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪~,, = 2.3394‬‬ ‫‪0.125‬‬ ‫‪265.58‬‬ ‫~ ‪0.9 = 69.9‬‬
‫‪(~) 81(1~~ ~.‬‬ ‫‪= 11.~5, 8((.‬‬ ‫)‪(4-57‬‬ ‫~‪~1.,,~8 111~ (1.,,~..(1~~ .,,011(1~~ (11111~ 0~ 810~ 01111‬‬
‫‪~0(1.,,~..1~.. (18‬‬

‫)‪(11-53‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪81(1~~ ~,, = ~0.,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪8((8.‬‬ ‫)‪(11-44‬‬ ‫)‪(1(10 (11-53‬‬ ‫~‪~1.,,‬‬

‫‪2.33945~511,,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪-2.339411.~$‬‬ ‫~ ‪~08‬‬

‫)‪(11-54‬‬

‫‪58~. 11-2‬‬ ‫‪355‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪8~~~0,‬‬ ‫‪~01~0‬‬ ‫‪18 1110~~~110~111‬‬ ‫‪0110(().11~,‬‬ ‫‪0~~0111~8‬‬

‫‪110‬‬
‫‪(0,,,‬‬
‫‪= (0$(1‬‬ ‫= )‪- 5‬‬ ‫‪(0$‬‬
‫‪(1 +‬‬ ‫)~ ‪~~8‬‬
‫)‪(11-55‬‬
‫‪109.96 = 125.66‬‬ ‫‪(1 +‬‬
‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪~08‬‬

‫‪0.9‬‬
‫~‬
‫)‬
‫‪3110 10~ 0~13)1 311~1~, ~ = 106.30.‬‬
‫‪(0) 10~ ~0~~( 1~0 03~/(,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫()‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪= ~,/1,/= 69.9‬‬ ‫~ ‪134.6 = 9409‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪~0 = 1~(0,,, = 598.91‬‬ ‫~ ‪109.96 = 65,856‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬

‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫= ~‪1‬‬ ‫= ‪1,/11,,,‬‬ ‫‪134.6‬‬ ‫~ ‪0.9 = 98.9‬‬

‫‪~~~ = 3‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪0.044‬‬ ‫()‬
‫~ ‪98.92 = 1291‬‬

‫‪~$~ = 3‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪0.041‬‬ ‫()‬
‫~ ‪98.92 = 1203‬‬
‫~ ‪~, = 65,856 + 1291 + 1203 = 68,350‬‬
‫‪10~ ~~1~1~11~)11865,856/68,350‬‬ ‫‪= 96%.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~(0111 ~3(1 (1) 111~)(3111~1~ 11-3, 1~1 = 0.77971,/11,,, = 94.45~,‬‬ ‫‪1,,, = 265.58/‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪6.1 = 43.54 ~, 311011 = 104 / -24.740.‬‬
‫‪03~/( 10 10~ 811~~1)118‬‬
‫‪~(0111 ~)(3111~1~ 4-9, 10~ (1118~11((~1111~0‬‬

‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= ~ ‪1,/110 / -‬‬ ‫‪134.6‬‬ ‫‪0.4 / -‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪= 41.98‬‬ ‫‪/ -106.30‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪~~~~6‬‬ ‫~‪111~111~11((~111 0110‬‬ ‫~~‪00‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫‪1,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪104 /-24.740‬‬ ‫‪+ 41.98 /-106.30‬‬ ‫‪= 117.7 /-45.40‬‬ ‫~‬

‫(~~‪10~ 111~111~0‬‬ ‫‪13~10( 18 ~~$‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~08‬‬ ‫)‪(-45.40‬‬ ‫‪= 0.702 (13~~111~).‬‬
‫(‪1-10(~. 10~ ~16~1~11~~ 01 1018 0(1..,~ 18 01~0~( 10(11110(11 01 10~ (010( (~81810‬‬
‫‪~0111(01 0~ (1 ~00~~~(.‬‬ ‫~‪10~ ~0~~( 1(1~10( 18 0~~~110~111 011 10~ 11.1(118((1110 0110‬‬
‫‪1((111810((11~((~.~., 1111~ = 0.9, ~ = 97.10 (1110‬‬ ‫‪~~5 = 0.51).‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪10(()1.1~ (1110 8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪0111101.1~11011 (11010(8‬‬ ‫‪~(111 0~ ~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫~‪0~ ~0(111~111~ 10~ 81.1~~1‬‬
‫‪1(~()1.1~11~~.‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪~(111 11011~~ 1(0(11‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬ ‫)‪(11-31‬‬ ‫~‪10(11 (1110‬‬ ‫‪((11~0‬‬ ‫~~‪..,011(1‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ((11~0‬‬
‫‪1(~()1.1~11~~,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪111.1)(~111 0~ 10‬‬ ‫‪((11~0‬‬ ‫‪..,(111.1~.‬‬ ‫~‪1110‬‬ ‫~~‪..,011(1‬‬ ‫‪18 (11(11111(1111~0 11)(~0‬‬ ‫‪(11‬‬
‫‪118 (31~0‬‬ ‫~‪..,(1111~ ~011‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪1(~()1.1~11‬‬ ‫‪18 (~01.1~~0‬‬ ‫~‪0~10‬‬ ‫‪118 ((11~0‬‬ ‫~‪..,(111.1~, 10‬‬ ‫‪1/1.1)( ~111‬‬
‫‪111~(~(18~.‬‬ ‫‪1018‬‬ ‫~‪~01.110 ~(11.18~ 8(111.1((1110110110‬‬ ‫(‪(11(-~(1~ 111.1)(, (1110 10~ (11010‬‬ ‫‪~(1((1(11~1~(8‬‬
‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫~‪1101 0~ ..,(1110 111 0~1~((11111111‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪10(()1.1~-8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0(1((1~1~(1811~8.‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1(~-‬‬

‫‪356‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪~11~11~)1, 10~ (~(1~1(111~~8 ~111 0~~(~(18‬‬ ‫(‪(1110 10~ (11010‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111 (11(1)1 0~ 100 01~0.‬‬ ‫‪1018‬‬
‫‪1)1~~ 0~ ~(~~11~11~)1‬‬ ‫‪~0111(0118‬‬ ‫‪1101 110((11(111)1118~0.‬‬
‫‪1~ 10~ ~(~~11~11~)118‬‬ ‫‪111~(~(18~0‬‬ ‫~~‪(100‬‬ ‫‪118 ((11~0‬‬ ‫~‪~(1111~, 10~ ~11~ (1110 10(~11‬‬ ‫‪~01110‬‬
‫‪0~~(~(18~.‬‬ ‫‪1~ 10~ 8)111~0(0110118 8~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪~0((~8~0110111‬‬ ‫‪10 10~ ((11~0 ~(~~11~11~)118‬‬ ‫‪~(111~0‬‬
‫‪10~ 005€‬‬ ‫‪5/1€€0,‬‬ ‫‪())6, 10~ 8)111~0(0110118‬‬ ‫‪8~~~0‬‬ ‫(~‪(11 (111)1 010‬‬ ‫‪~(~~11~11~)1‬‬ ‫‪0~~0(11~8‬‬

‫‪())5‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪~())6‬‬

‫‪~())6‬‬
‫‪- ()),,,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~())6‬‬
‫)‪(11-56‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪10(~11~ ~~~(~881011111 ~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(11-18‬‬ ‫‪0~~0(11~8‬‬

‫_‬ ‫~‪3~.17‬‬
‫‪1 /1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪(11-57‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪5~())/7((~5‬‬ ‫)‪+ ~./5)2 + (~%5 + ~%.)2‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1)1~1~(1110(~11~-8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0(1((1~1~(1811~8 (1(~ 800~11 111~1~. 11-9 ~0( ~(1(10118 ~(1111~8‬‬
‫‪0~~.‬‬ ‫‪10~ 10(~~-~0(18~ 111~~(1~( 111 ~1~. 8-5(1 ~(111 ~(1()1 10~ ~(~~11~11~)1 (11 (1 ~1~~0‬‬
‫‪~011(1~~.‬‬ ‫‪1~ ~5 18 11~~11~101~, ~~. (11-26) ~1~~8 10~ (11(1~1(1111(11‬‬‫~‪10(~11~ (11 10~ 0(18‬‬
‫‪8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪(18‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪,,,‬‬
‫‪1/7-‬‬
‫_‬ ‫~‪3 17‬‬ ‫)‪(11-58‬‬
‫‪2())/7(%5‬‬ ‫)‪+ %.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(11(1~1(1111(11‬‬ ‫~‪10(~11‬‬ ‫(~‪(11 (111)1 010‬‬ ‫‪~(~~11~11~)118‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫) ~(‬
‫‪170‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪(1110 ~(0(11 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪(11-25),‬‬
‫‪1 ,,,‬‬

‫~‪10~ ~0((~8~0110111‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪2())/7(%5‬‬ ‫)‪+ %.‬‬
‫‪811~ 18‬‬
‫)‪(11-59‬‬

‫)‪(11-60‬‬

‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪- - --‬‬

‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪-..‬‬ ‫~‪,.,.,,‬‬
‫‪/,.,.,,(32‬‬ ‫‪~0051801‬‬
‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫~‬
‫‪0.6‬‬ ‫‪-...‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪-...‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0.4‬‬

‫‪0.2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪,,-2‬‬ ‫‪357‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~0(111311210~ ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(11-59‬‬ ‫‪~110 (~811~~110‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬ ‫)‪(11-58‬‬ ‫‪)11~108‬‬

‫_‬
‫~ ‪-‬‬
‫‪1(/1‬‬
‫)‪(11-61‬‬
‫‪1(/10‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬

‫)‪(11-62‬‬
‫‪101.18 1(0111 ~()8.‬‬ ‫)‪(11-61‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪(11-62),‬‬ ‫‪11 ~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~00~11.10~0‬‬ ‫~‪103110‬‬ ‫~‪1113)(11111.111110(()1.1‬‬
‫‪18 10~~(8~1)111(0110(11003110‬‬ ‫‪1(~()1.1~0~)1‬‬ ‫‪8()1.13(~0,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪1,,,(32 (~1113108‬‬ ‫‪~0081301,‬‬ ‫(‪81111113‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪10 10‬‬ ‫(‪0~03~10‬‬ ‫‪01 0~ 8~(1~8‬‬ ‫‪111010(8.‬‬ ‫‪10 1018 1)111~ 01 ~001(01,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(‪111010‬‬ ‫‪18 8310‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪0~ 011~(31~0‬‬ ‫‪10 31/~/0--)1)~(1/(~(1/(18‬‬ ‫‪11100-~.‬‬

‫~‪~,.301().‬‬ ‫‪11-5‬‬

‫~‪~ 10(~~-~035‬‬ ‫~(‪11.2-/‬‬ ‫~‪1750-(~111 460- ~ 60-1-12101.1(-~01‬‬ ‫‪)1-~01111~~1~011101.1~11011111010.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪035 10~ 10110~111~ ~3.3111~1~.5= ~5 = 0, ~,‬‬
‫‪= 0.38 0, %5 = 1.14 0, %, = 1.71 0, 3110‬‬
‫‪%,,, = 33.2 0.‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 111010. 15 ~0111.011~0 0~ ~3.~111~ 10~ 51.1~~1~ 1.~()1.1~11~~. 1110‬‬
‫~‪0.~3/(00~1110.()1.1‬‬ ‫)‪.~()1.11.~111~11115 35 ~.111, ~31~1.1)31~ 10~ (3‬‬
‫)‪51.1~~1~ 1.~()1.1~11~~, 3110 (0‬‬
‫‪5~~~0, ((),,,.‬‬

‫‪80.1.11100 ((),, = 2,,. )( 60 = 377.30/5,‬‬ ‫‪() = 4, ~0 = 11,200~,‬‬ ‫‪1,,,,,‬‬ ‫()‬

‫= ‪1750,,./30‬‬
‫‪11,200,1,,,,, = 61.11 ~.111, 31101~, = 35 ~.111.‬‬
‫‪(3) ~.0111~(). (11-62),‬‬

‫‪/1,,,,,‬‬ ‫‪/61.11‬‬
‫= )‪1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪= 1321‬‬
‫‪~ 1,,, ~ 35‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫)((‬
‫=‬
‫‪(()5 1)((),,‬‬

‫‪~.0111 ~(). (11-1), 10~ 51.1~~1~ 1.~()1.1~11~~ 15‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫=‬

‫()‬
‫‪= 1.321‬‬

‫‪~98.01‬‬
‫()‬

‫‪= 996.2 .30/5 0.‬‬

‫‪377 = 498.01.30/5‬‬

‫‪158.55 1-12‬‬
‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪~.0111‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬ ‫‪(11-60),‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪511~ 10.(113)(11111.111110.()1.1‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫)‪~,(1‬‬ ‫‪0.38/1.321‬‬
‫‪5 ,0‬‬ ‫‪= %, + %, = 1.14 + 1.71 = 0 . 101‬‬

‫‪((),,,‬‬
‫‪= 498.01(1‬‬ ‫)‪- 0.101‬‬ ‫‪= 447.711.30/5‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪4275 .~111‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪1110‬‬ ‫‪(3110‬‬ ‫~~‪01 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪10 1(~()1.1~0~)118‬‬ ‫‪/(~111 ~0081301,‬‬ ‫‪10~ 111.1)(10 ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(11-31‬‬ ‫‪(~1113108‬‬
‫‪~0081301.‬‬ ‫‪~()1.131100‬‬ ‫)‪(11-59‬‬ ‫‪1001~31~8‬‬ ‫‪1031‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1113)(11111.111110(()1.1~,‬‬ ‫‪~01~0‬‬ ‫‪18 100~-‬‬
‫‪11~00~01‬‬ ‫‪011(~()1.1~0~)1,‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ 1113101310~0‬‬ ‫‪31111(0)(111131~1)1 ~0081301.‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫~‪3 10‬‬ ‫‪1(~-‬‬
‫‪()1.1~0~)1,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫()‪31(-~311111.1‬‬ ‫‪18 (~01.1~~0‬‬ ‫~‪01.1~ 10 10‬‬ ‫‪0(011‬‬ ‫~‪10 10‬‬ ‫(‪81310‬‬ ‫~~‪111111~030‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫~~‪10~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪038‬‬ ‫‪10 0~ 10~(~38~0‬‬ ‫‪10 1113101310‬‬ ‫‪10~ 10(()1.1~ 1~~~1.‬‬ ‫‪1018‬‬ ‫‪1)111~ 01 ~001(01‬‬
‫‪18 1.181.1(11)1/(00~0‬‬ ‫‪38 110/(5//1~,(2‬‬ ‫‪~001(01.‬‬
‫= ‪/1 (05‬‬ ‫‪(3(00, 300 10~ ~0113~~-10-1(~()1.1~0~)1‬‬ ‫‪(3110 18 ~0081301‬‬ ‫‪80 1031‬‬

‫‪~(1‬‬

‫‪(05‬‬
‫‪= 0-‬‬ ‫)‪(11-63‬‬

‫‪358‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪50051110110110~ 8~. (11-56) 1118~. (11-57) )11~105‬‬

‫_‬ ‫)‪3~~(20)~(~0)/1 - 0),,,‬‬ ‫)‪(11-64‬‬

‫‪10 -‬‬ ‫‪+ %~))2‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪0),,,)(%,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0)~(~,‬‬ ‫‪~~)2‬‬ ‫‪((~0)/1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫~~‬ ‫)‪(11-65‬‬
‫= ‪5,,,‬‬
‫‪(~~ + ~2(%, + %~)2)1/2‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪1)1~1~(11 10(~0~-5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~11(1((1~1~(1511~5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪11-10.‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~(~~0~11~)115‬‬ ‫‪(~00~~0,‬‬ ‫‪~ 0~~(~(15~5‬‬ ‫(‪(1110 111~ 511~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪(11(1)(1(110(11‬‬ ‫~‪10(~0‬‬ ‫‪111~(~(15~5.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬

‫~‪(1 ~1~~11 10(~0‬‬ ‫‪0~(11(1110,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪~(111 0‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫~‪(1~~0(0111‬‬ ‫‪10 8~.‬‬ ‫)‪(11-64‬‬ ‫‪0)1‬‬
‫‪~11(111~111~ 111~ ~(~~0~11~)1.‬‬ ‫‪111~(~~0(~,‬‬ ‫~~‪0)1 ~(1()1111~ 00111 111~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~(~~0~11~)1,‬‬
‫~‪111~ 10(~0‬‬ ‫‪(1110 5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~(111 0~ ~0111(011~0.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 10(~0‬‬ ‫‪15 110((11(111)1 (11(11111(1111~0 ~011-‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪51(1111 ~1111~ 111~ 5~~~0‬‬
‫~‪~(0(11 111(~~-~11(15‬‬
‫‪~~()1‬‬ ‫~~(‪1(1‬‬
‫‪~(~~0~11~)1‬‬
‫~~(‪111‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬
‫‪(~~01(~(11~111‬‬
‫~‪~055101‬‬
‫‪15 ~(1(1~0.‬‬
‫‪111~~(1~(5‬‬
‫‪(1~~11~(1110115‬‬

‫‪~1(~011‬‬
‫(‪0‬‬
‫~~‪111~ ~011(1‬‬
‫‪~)1~10~011~~(1~(5.‬‬
‫‪(~.~.,‬‬
‫‪15 011~-11(11~ 0( 011~-1111(0‬‬
‫‪(1(((111~~(11~1115‬‬
‫‪10~0(11011~~5‬‬

‫(‪~0‬‬
‫‪(11 ~(1(1(101~ ~(~~0~11~)1‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~)1~10~011~~(1~(5‬‬
‫‪~(111 0~ 001(1111~0‬‬

‫~(~‪(1110 ~~(11~111 (111115), ~11‬‬

‫‪0~ 111~ 1111~ ~(~~0~11~)1.‬‬
‫~‪001(1111111~ ~(1(1(101‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬
‫‪(1(~ 05~0‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬

‫‪(1110 ~(~-‬‬
‫‪111‬‬

‫‪~0~11~)1‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪11-11.‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~. 11-11(1,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~ ~011(1~~ (~(11(11115 ~01151(1111‬‬
‫~~~ ~‪(1110 111‬‬ ‫‪1~~11111~0~5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ (1~~11~0 10 ~(1()1 00111111~ ~011(1~~ (1110 ~(~~0~11~)1 ~1111111‬‬

‫‪111~ 111~~(1~(.‬‬ ‫~‪00‬‬ ‫~‪10 0100‬‬ ‫‪(~~11~1~(,‬‬ ‫‪(~~~11~((111011‬‬ ‫~‪15 1101 ~055101‬‬ ‫(~‪(1110 111~ 111~~(1‬‬
‫‪~0010‬‬ ‫~‪~~11~((11‬‬ ‫‪11(1((110111~5 11110 111~ (1~ 50~~1)1.‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪11-110,‬‬ ‫(~~~‪111~ ~110‬‬ ‫‪~(1(1~5‬‬
‫~~‪111~ 0~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫(~‪10 111~ 111~~(1‬‬ ‫(~‪(1110 111~ 111~~(1‬‬ ‫‪~0111(015‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(~~0~11~)1.‬‬ ‫~‪00‬‬ ‫~‪10 111‬‬
‫‪~110~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11(1((110111~ 111)~~11011 11110 111~ (1~ 50~~1)115‬‬ ‫‪(~00~~0.‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪11-11~,‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~~‪0~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪15 ~(1(1~0‬‬ ‫(~‪0)1 111~ 00(11 ~011~~(1‬‬
‫‪(1110 ~(~~0~11~)1‬‬ ‫‪15 ~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫~‪~1111111 111‬‬
‫‪111~~(1~(.‬‬ ‫‪11115 (1(((111~~(11~111 ~~((11115 (~~~11~((111011 ~ 110~~~~(,‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ 111~01 ~0‬‬ ‫(‪~(1~10‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫(~‪0~ 111~ ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪15 10~,‬‬ ‫‪~5~~~1(111)1 (11 (1 111~11 0~1(1)1 (111~1~.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪~)(310()1‬‬ ‫‪11-6‬‬

‫~ ()‪~ 111(~~-()1135~ 11.2-‬‬ ‫~‪1750-(()111 460- ~ 60-1121011(-()01‬‬ ‫(‪~ -~01111~~1~0 111011~11011111010‬‬

‫‪= 0.380,‬‬ ‫‪%, = 1.140,‬‬ ‫‪%, = 1.71‬‬
‫~‪1135 111~ 10110~111‬‬ ‫~‪()3(3111~1~(5‬‬ ‫‪8.,‬‬ ‫‪= 0.660,8.,‬‬
‫‪0,‬‬ ‫= ~‪3110 %.‬‬ ‫‪33.2‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111010( 15 ~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫~~‪0~ ~3(~111~ 00111 111~ ...0113‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬
‫‪1(~~11~11~~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0115/11~(12 (3110,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 ~0((~5()01105‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ (31~0‬‬ ‫‪...0113~~ 3110 (31~0‬‬
‫‪1(~~11~11~~, 15 111311113111~0~011513111. (3) ~31~11131~ 111~ 1113)(111111111‬‬
‫~‪10(~11~, 1,~, 3110 111‬‬
‫‪~0((~5()0110111~ 5()~~0, ()).~, 10( 60112 3110 30112.‬‬ ‫‪(0) ~~()~31 ()3(1 (3) 118.,1511~~11~101~.‬‬

‫‪359‬‬
‫‪58~. 11-2‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~~,88-~~858‬‬
‫~~~~~‪8‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪80)01100‬‬

‫‪1.409.‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~~,88-~~858‬‬
‫~~~~~‪5‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪~~. (11-1), (00 = 2‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪0~8~ ~0,,~9,-(9,‬‬

‫~‪= 4, 1/. = 460/‬‬

‫‪(~) .,,8,~80~9 0~ 1,0~ 0~8~ ~0,,~9,-(9, 8,,0 ~,,~9,-(9,‬‬

‫‪= 265.58 ~, (0 = 2 70 )( 60 = 377130/8, 3110110111‬‬

‫‪377/4 = 188.5 130/8. ~10111 ~~. (11-63), (/ = 265.58/188.5‬‬ ‫=‬

‫‪(3) ~1 60 1-12,(00 = (05 = 188.5 130/8, ~ = 1, 31101/. = (/(05 = 1.409 )( 188.5‬‬

‫‪= 265.58~.‬‬ ‫‪~10111~~. (11-65),‬‬
‫‪0.38‬‬
‫= ‪5,,,‬‬
‫‪(0.662 + (1.14 + 1.71)2)1/2 = 0.1299‬‬
‫‪(0,,, = 188.5‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪0.1299) = 164.01 130/8 01‬‬ ‫‪1566 111111‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~10111 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪(11-21),‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1113)(11110111101~11~ 18‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫()‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪265.582‬‬
‫= ‪1,,,‬‬
‫‪2 )( 188.5(0.66 + 0.662 + (1.14 + 1.71)2) = 156.55 ~.111‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪~1 30 1-12, (05 = 2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪30/4 = 94.25 130/8, ~ = 30/60 = 0.5, 31101/.‬‬
‫‪(/(0,‬‬ ‫()‬
‫=‬ ‫‪1.409‬‬ ‫‪94.25‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪132.79~.‬‬ ‫‪~10111 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪(11-65),‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 811111011113)(111111111101~11‬‬
‫‪18‬‬

‫‪0.38‬‬
‫= ‪5,,,‬‬
‫‪(0.662 + 0.52(1.14‬‬ ‫‪+ 1.71)2)1/2 = 0.242‬‬

‫‪360‬‬
 ‫‪(0,,, = 94.25‬‬ ‫()‬
‫ُﺷﺩ‬
‫ﺭ ‪(1‬‬‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ‪-‬‬
‫)‪0.242‬‬ ‫(‪= 71.44 (3.0/8 0‬‬ ‫‪682 (~111‬‬

‫‪1,,, = 125.82 ~.111‬‬

‫‪(0) ~1601-12, (06 = (0$ = 188.5 (3.0/8 3.110~. = 265.58 -..,,. ~(0111~~. (11-60),‬‬
‫‪0.38‬‬
‫= ‪5,,,‬‬ ‫‪= 0.1333‬‬
‫‪1.14 + 1.71‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪(0,,, = 188.5‬‬ ‫‪(1 - 0.1333) = 163.36 (3.0/8 0( 1560 (~111‬‬

‫‪~(0111‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫‪(11-59),‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ 1113.)(11111.111110(~1.1‬‬ ‫‪18 1,,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪196.94‬‬ ‫‪~.111.‬‬
‫‪-..,,. ~(0111~~.‬‬
‫‪~1 30 1-12,(06 = (0$ = 94.25 (3.0/8, ~ = 0.5, 3.110~. = 132.79‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(11-60),‬‬
‫‪0.38/0.5‬‬
‫= ‪5,,,‬‬ ‫‪= 0 .2666‬‬
‫‪1.14 + 1.71‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪(0,,, = 94.25‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫)‪0.2666‬‬ ‫‪= 69.11 (3.0/8‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪660 (~111‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫‪~(0111 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪(11-59),‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ 1113.)(11111.111110(~1.1‬‬

‫‪181,,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪196.94‬‬ ‫‪~.111.‬‬

‫(‪~((0‬‬ ‫~‪1010‬‬ ‫~‪10(()0‬‬ ‫‪~51111131100,‬‬

‫‪1-/0(~.‬‬ ‫~‪~~~1~~110‬‬ ‫~~‪~5(113)1101(000‬‬ ‫‪3 51~0111~301‬‬
‫‪~5~~~1311)1‬‬ ‫~‪31 10‬‬ ‫‪1(~()0~0~)1.‬‬

‫‪10~ 10(()0~ 011000~1100‬‬ ‫‪111010(5 ~30 0~ ~0111(011~0 0)1 ~3()110~ 10~ (010( ~0((~01.‬‬
‫‪10~ 10~01 ~0((~01, ~01~0 15 (~3011)1 3~~~55101~, 15 ~3(1~0 1051~30 0110~ (010( ~0((~01.‬‬
‫‪~0( 3 11)(~0 10~01 ~0((~01, 10~ (010( ~0((~111 0~~~005 011 10~ 10~ (~1311~~ ~310~5 01‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪10~ 1113~0~11210~ 300‬‬
‫‪~30 0~ 10000 35‬‬

‫‪..‬‬
‫~‬ ‫=‬
‫(‪(010‬‬

‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~1(~0111111~~0311~~5.‬‬

‫‪~~/5‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪1)(~1/‬‬
‫~()(‪1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪)(5‬‬
‫(‪~(0111 ~1~. 11-2 10~ (010‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫)~()‬
‫‪= 1~ ~ 8‬‬
‫‪~0((~01‬‬

‫)‪(11-66‬‬

‫‪~(0111‬‬ ‫‪~()5.‬‬ ‫)‪(11-9‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪(11-123),‬‬ ‫‪10~ 0~~~10~~0‬‬ ‫~‪10(()0‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫_‬ ‫‪3~~()(~1,)2‬‬
‫)‪(11-67‬‬
‫‪1 (/ -‬‬
‫‪5(1)5‬‬ ‫)‪((~5 + ~~/5)2 + ()(~ + )(5 + )(~)2‬‬

‫‪3~~()(~1,)2‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫= ‪15‬‬ ‫)‪(11-68‬‬
‫‪(1)5((~5‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~~)2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫~()(‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪)(5‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪)(~)2‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~~‬
‫~‪5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(11-69‬‬
‫‪(~~ + ()(~ + )(5 + )(~)2)1/2‬‬
‫=‪=+‬‬

‫‪58~. 11-2‬‬ ‫‪361‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪..)~11..‬‬ ‫‪11-12‬‬ ‫‪10(()11~-5))~~0‬‬ ‫‪~1111(11~1~(-‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1511~5 0)1 ~11((~111 ~0111(01.‬‬

‫‪%5 ~111 /)~ ~011513111 311,.‬‬ ‫~‪~~81~~11118111‬‬ ‫‪~310~5‬‬ ‫‪01 ~5 3110 %5, 8()..‬‬ ‫)‪(11-69‬‬ ‫‪/)~~0111~5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~‬
‫‪5 ,,.,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪(11-70‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪%,,.,‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫~‪%‬‬

‫‪5,,.,, 8()..‬‬ ‫)‪(11-67‬‬ ‫‪81~~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1113)(1111011110(().0~,‬‬

‫~‪3%‬‬ ‫~‪31-‬‬
‫= ‪1 ,,.,‬‬ ‫= ‪12/‬‬ ‫‪12/‬‬ ‫)‪(11-71‬‬
‫‪20)5(%,,.,‬‬‫‪+‬‬ ‫)~‪%‬‬ ‫‪2(1-,,.,‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)~‪1-‬‬

‫‪11 ~311 /)~ 11011~~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 8()..‬‬ ‫)‪(11-71‬‬ ‫~‪11131111~ 1113)(11110111 10(().0‬‬ ‫‪0~~~1105‬‬ ‫~‪011 111‬‬
‫~(‪5().03‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111‬‬ ‫‪3110 15 3~~(0)(111131~1)1‬‬ ‫‪1110~~~110~111‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪1(~().1.1~11~)1.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪1)1~1~3110(().0~-5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~113(3~1~(1511~5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪5110~11 111 ~18.‬‬ ‫‪11-12.‬‬ ‫~‪5111~~ %,,., 15 13.-8‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬
‫‪~0111~3.-~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 %5 3110 %~, 111~ 513.-11118 10.-().0‬‬ ‫‪15 10~.‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪111~.-~35~5‬‬ ‫~‪(0.- 511‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪0~~.-~35~5),‬‬ ‫‪111~ 51310.-‬‬

‫‪~11~88-~11858‬‬
‫~~~~‪511‬‬
‫~‪~01138‬‬ ‫~‪.-15~5 3110 111~ 10.-().0‬‬

‫‪-~0‬‬
‫‪111~.-~35~5.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~)‪10.-().1.1~ ~311 /‬‬

‫‪~11~~8111‬‬
‫‪5011~~8‬‬
‫~‪,111/8,..8‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~11~88-~11858‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~~~~‪511‬‬

‫‪~11~~8111‬‬
‫‪0,,,‬‬ ‫‪5011~~8‬‬
‫~‪~111/8,..8‬‬

‫‪362‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫‪(10)( ~0051301‬‬
‫‪~001(011~0‬‬ ‫(‪~~ 111~ 51310‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪511~.‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫~~~()‬ ‫~‪111~ 31(-~3‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫‪10 3~010‬‬ ‫‪5310(31100‬‬ ‫‪00~ 10 111~11 ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫(‪111~ (0010‬‬ ‫~‪15 00((0311‬‬ ‫‪0~~(31~0‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~~‪0~~311‬‬ ‫‪510~~ 0( 111~ ~().01~31~0110(().0~-5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~113(3~1~(1511~5‬‬ ‫~~‪~1111 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪~001(01.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪0~~311‬‬ ‫~~‪510‬‬ ‫~‪15 10 111~ 00513~1‬‬ ‫‪(~~100‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫(‪111~ (0010‬‬ ‫‪(0051‬‬ ‫‪~~ 0~~(31~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫~‪~105~0-100‬‬ ‫‪~001(01.‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫~‪3 10‬‬ ‫‪511~, 111~ 1~((01031‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪~0010‬‬ ‫~~‪~~ ~)(~~551‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫‪111~ (10)( ~0010‬‬ ‫‪5310(31~.‬‬ ‫~‪00‬‬ ‫‪10 5310(31100,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 10(().0‬‬ ‫~‪~~3)(10‬‬ ‫‪35 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪11-12‬‬ ‫‪~111 ~~ 1~55 11130 11131 35 5110~0.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~0051301‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫‪~~ 50~~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪~~ 111(~~-~1135‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫~~(‪500‬‬ ‫‪10~~(1~(5.‬‬
‫(~‪111~ ~0((~01-(~010~~(1‬‬ ‫‪1135 111~ 30~3013~~5‬‬ ‫‪0( (3011 ~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪~001(01‬‬ ‫‪300 111~ ~0((~01‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~‪15 1~55 5~05111‬‬ ‫(‪10 111~ (0010‬‬ ‫(~‪~3(3(0~1‬‬ ‫‪~3(1311005.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫~‪111~~ ~~0~(31‬‬ ‫‪113(-‬‬
‫‪(0001~5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪10(().0‬‬ ‫‪~01531100.‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫~‪~0551~1‬‬ ‫‪~00(1~0(311005‬‬ ‫‪0( ~0((~01-(~0‬‬ ‫(~‪10~~(1‬‬
‫‪0(1~~5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪11-13.‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪11-133‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 1000~10‬‬ ‫‪3~15 35 3 ~0((~01‬‬ ‫~~(‪500‬‬
‫‪300 111~ ~001(011~0‬‬ ‫(~‪(~~11(1‬‬ ‫‪~001(015‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪500(~~.‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ 10~01 ~0‬‬ ‫(‪(3~10‬‬
‫‪0( 11115 3((30~~(0~0115‬‬ ‫~(~~‬ ‫‪10~.‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~1~. 11-13‬‬ ‫(~~~‪111~ ~110‬‬ ‫‪~001(015‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0((~01‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~(‪500‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10~01‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫(‪(3~10‬‬ ‫‪15 111~11~(.‬‬

‫~‪~,.301()1‬‬ ‫‪11-7‬‬

‫~(‪~ 111(~~-~1138~ 11.2-/‬‬ ‫‪1750-(~01‬‬ ‫~‪460- ~ 60-1-121011(-~01‬‬ ‫(‪~ -~01111~~1~0111011~11011 01010‬‬

‫‪1138111~10110~111~~3(3111~1~(8~~. = 0.66 0, ~~ = 0.38 0, )(. = 1.14 0, )(~ = 1.71‬‬
‫‪0,‬‬ ‫‪(110)(,,,‬‬ ‫‪= 33.2 0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 110-1030 1088 18 11~~11~101~. 111~ 111010( 18 ~0111(011~0 0)1 3‬‬
‫‪~11((~111-8011(~~ 111~~(1~( 3110 111~ 111~111~11((~11118 111311113111~0~011813111 31 20~.‬‬ ‫~‪11111‬‬
‫‪1(~().11~11~)118 40 1-12 3110 111~ 0~~~10~~0‬‬ ‫(‪10(().11~ 18 55 ~.111, 0~1~(111111~ 111~ (3) 811~ 10‬‬
‫)‪1113,.11111111110(().11~,5,,,, 3110 (113)(11111111110(().11~,1,,,~ (0) 811~, 5~ (~) (010( 8~~~0, (0,,,~ (0‬‬
‫~~‪1~(11111131~0113‬‬ ‫(~~‪~~( ~1138~, ~.~ 3110 (~) ~0‬‬ ‫‪13~10(,‬‬ ‫‪~11,,,.‬‬

‫‪80101100 ~.(,.,00) = 460/0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 265.58 ~, 1,‬‬

‫= ‪11-‬‬ ‫= ‪= 55 ~.111, 3110/1‬‬ ‫‪20~,‬‬ ‫)‪1,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪4. ~1 40 1-12,(0 = 2... )( 40 = 251.33 (30/8, (0. = 2 )( 251.33/4 = 125.66 (30/8, ~.‬‬
‫‪= 0.66 0, ~~ = 0.380,‬‬
‫‪0, (110)(,,, = 33.2‬‬‫()‬
‫‪)(. = 1.14 40/60 = 0.76 0, )(~ = 1.71 40/60 = 1.14‬‬
‫()‬

‫‪40/60 = 22.130.‬‬
‫‪(3) 11(01118().. (11-70),5,,, = 0.38/(22.13 + 1.14) = 0.01632.‬‬
‫‪(11-71), ~1~~81,,, = 94.64 ~.111.‬‬
‫‪(0) 11(0111 8().. (11-67),‬‬
‫()‬

‫‪110(5 = 5,,,, 8()..‬‬

‫‪3(~~/5)(22.13 )( 20)2‬‬
‫= ‪1 ,) = 55‬‬
‫)‪125.66((0.66 + ~~/5)2 + (22.13 + 0.76 + 1.14)2‬‬

‫‪~5‬‬
‫‪-5 = 76.144 0( 7. 581‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪31105‬‬ ‫(‪= 0.00499 0‬‬ ‫‪0.0501.‬‬ ‫‪8111~~ 111~ 111010( 18 110(111311)10~~(31~0‬‬ ‫~‪~1111 3 13(~~ 811‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪111111~ 11~~311~~ 810~~ 01111~ 10(().11~-8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~113(3~1~(1811~,‬‬

‫‪5 = 0.0501‬‬

‫‪(~) (0,,, = 125.656(1 - 0.0501) = 119.36 (30/8 0( 114011101.‬‬

‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪11(0111111~.‬‬ ‫‪11-2,‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 111~1111111~~0311‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬ ‫‪0~(1~~0‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬

‫~ ‪7., = ~, + 1)(, = (~~ + ~)1/2‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 2,‬‬

‫‪56~. 11-2‬‬ ‫‪363‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪~(~5 + ~,/5‬‬
‫= ‪~,‬‬ ‫)‪(11-72‬‬
‫‪(~5 + ~,/5)2 + (%,,, + %5 + %,)2‬‬

‫‪= 6.26 0‬‬

‫))‪%,,,((~5 + ~,/5)2 + (%5 + %,)(%,,, + %5 + %,‬‬
‫= ‪%,‬‬ ‫)‪(11-73‬‬
‫‪(~5 + ~,/5)2 + (%,,, + %5 + %,)2‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪= 3.899 0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪= 31.90‬‬ ‫)‪(11-74‬‬
‫‪2, = (6.262 + 3.8992)1/2= 7.380‬‬
‫~ ‪11. = 2/, = 7.38 )( 20 = 147.6‬‬
‫‪(~) ~~,,, = ~08(31.90) = 0.849 (13~~111~).‬‬
‫‪,.,0(~.‬‬ ‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫‪1113)(11111.111110~().1.1~ 18 ~31~1.1131~0‬‬ ‫‪1~0111 .8()..‬‬ ‫‪(11-71),‬‬ ‫‪1,,,‬‬
‫‪= 100.49‬‬
‫‪300 11,, (315 = 5,,,) 18 313~.‬‬ ‫‪~0~ 3 81.1~~1)11~~().1.1~0~)1‬‬
‫‪0190 112, ~~~31~1.11311008‬‬
‫‪01‬‬
‫‪111~.,,311.1~8~1.,,~ (05 = 282.74 ~30/8, %5 = 1.71 0, %, = 2.565 0, %,,, = 49.80,‬‬
‫= )‪5,,, = 0.00726, 1,,, = 96.1 ~.111, 5 = 0.0225, 11,, = 316~, 300 11,, (315 = 5,,,‬‬
‫‪699.6~.‬‬ ‫‪11 18 ~.,,10~01‬‬ ‫‪11131 31 111~111~~().1.1~0~)1‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~~‪10...,, 811~, 111~ 1~~1111031 .,,0113‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪...,,01.110 ~)(~~~0‬‬

‫‪111~ 10~().1.1~-8~~~0‬‬
‫‪111~ ~31~0‬‬ ‫‪.,,311.1~ 300‬‬

‫‪~113~3~1~~1811~8‬‬
‫‪8311.1~31~0‬‬

‫‪011001.1~1100‬‬
‫~‪111~ 31~-~3‬‬

‫‪111010~8 0~~~00‬‬
‫‪111.1)(.‬‬

‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1)1~~ 01 ~00-‬‬

‫‪1~01.‬‬ ‫‪111113)1 0~ 0~~~883~)110‬‬ ‫~‪.,,3~)1111‬‬ ‫‪.,,0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪1~~().1.1~0~)1, 300‬‬ ‫‪~1.1~~~0110‬‬ ‫~‪111~~1111‬‬
‫‪10~().1.1~-8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~~().1.11~~111~018 38 8110...,,010‬‬‫‪~1~. 11-14,‬‬ ‫‪...,,11~~~ 111~~~ 3~~ 111~~~ ~~~1008.‬‬
‫‪10 111~ 11~81 ~~~100,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 8~~~0‬‬ ‫~~‪~30 0~ .,,3~1~0 0)1.,,0113‬‬ ‫‪(0~ ~1.1~~~01) ~001~0131‬‬ ‫‪~0081301‬‬
‫‪10~().1.1~.‬‬ ‫‪10 8~~000‬‬ ‫‪~~~100,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111010~ 18 0~~~31~0‬‬ ‫‪31 ~0081301‬‬ ‫‪~1.1~~~01 300‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 811‬‬
‫‪18 .,,3~1~0.‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 1111~0 ~~~100,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪18 ~001~011~0‬‬ ‫‪0)11~~().1.1~0~)1‬‬ ‫‪31 3 ~~01.1~~0‬‬
‫~‪81310‬‬ ‫‪~1.1~~~01.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1.5‬‬
‫‪...1~0..~ 11-14‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01 ~11(1301~5 118311151((~()0~11~~.‬‬

‫‪364‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~‬ ‫‪~105~0-10011‬‬ ‫‪~0111(0115‬‬ ‫‪110((11311)1 (~().111(~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 5(1151)110‬‬ ‫~‪51~(0)1-5131‬‬ ‫‪3110 1(31151~111‬‬
‫~~‪11~(10((11311‬‬ ‫‪511~~111~3110115 01 3~ 0(1~~5.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪51(31~~)1‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ 1(11111~(11~111~0‬‬
‫)‪0)1 (1‬‬ ‫‪5~(1/(1,. ~011(,.0/,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪~3(1301~5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫(‪0~ ().113111111~5 3110 0111)110~1‬‬
‫~(‪(113~1111110~5 3‬‬ ‫~‪~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫‪1)~~(0,. ~011(,.0/,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪0010‬‬ ‫~‪10~ (113~1111110~ 3110 11035‬‬
‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01 ~3(1301~5‬‬ ‫~‪3(~ ~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫‪0( (3) (1~(1/1(11)~ ~011(,.0/,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪10~ 113(3(11~1~(5‬‬
‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫(~‪~0111(011‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~01111111101151)1 ~3(1~0‬‬ ‫‪10 303111‬‬ ‫‪10 10~ ~3(13110115‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪011111111‬‬
‫‪.,,3(1301~5.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪0)1113(111~ (1100~1‬‬ ‫‪01111011~11011‬‬ ‫‪(11010(5‬‬ ‫‪0111~(5‬‬ ‫‪51~11111~(1111)11(0(11‬‬ ‫‪1031111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬
‫‪11-1‬‬ ‫‪311015 (110(~ ~0(11111~)( 10311 0~ (11010(5.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪0~51~11 011~~003~~-10011113(3(11~1~(5‬‬
‫‪(~().111(~5‬‬ ‫~‪~0(11111~1‬‬ ‫~‪311(1)1515 3110 51(11111311011 0110‬‬ ‫‪~1111(~ 0(1.,,~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬
‫‪(1100~1111~ 01 3~ 0(1~~5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪0~)10110‬‬ ‫‪10~ 5~011~ 011015‬‬ ‫~‪1~)(1~ 3110 0111)1 50(11~ 0110‬‬ ‫~‪0351‬‬
‫(‪5~313‬‬ ‫~~‪1~~003‬‬ ‫~(‪1~~0111().11~5 3‬‬ ‫‪015~1155~0‬‬ ‫‪111 1015 5~~11011.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪5)151~(11 15 ~~11~(311)1‬‬ ‫‪~03(3~1~(12~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 10‬‬ ‫‪01~(3(~0)1‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬
‫‪100115,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪10~ 0111~( 10011 ~0111(015‬‬ ‫‪10~ 11111~( 100115.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪11111~( 100115 3(~ 0~51~11~0‬‬
‫~‪10 ~)(~~111‬‬ ‫‪11(0~(~551.,,~1)11351~(.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~(‪100115 3‬‬ ‫‪110((11311)1 0~51~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 03.,,‬‬ ‫‪11(1111~0‬‬
‫‪~0(11(113110‬‬ ‫‪~)(~11(51011.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~11‬‬ ‫‪11-153‬‬ ‫‪500~5‬‬ ‫(‪311 3((311~~(11~11110‬‬ ‫(‪51310‬‬ ‫~~‪.,,0113‬‬ ‫‪~011-‬‬
‫‪1(01 01111011~11011‬‬ ‫‪(11010(5‬‬ ‫~~‪0)1 3~ .,,0113‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~(5‬‬ ‫‪31 11)(~0 1(~().11~11~)1.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪511~~0‬‬
‫‪~0111(011~(,‬‬ ‫‪/(1,‬‬ ‫‪~~11~(31~5‬‬ ‫‪10~ 0~13)1‬‬ ‫(‪311~1~ 0110)1(1510‬‬ ‫(~‪~011.,,~(1‬‬ ‫‪3110 10~ 11111~( ~11(-‬‬
‫‪(~111-11(1111 10011‬‬ ‫‪5~15‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪10(().11‬‬ ‫‪11(1111 11101(~~11)1.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫‪11(1111~( 11151~30‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫~~‪~11((~111 ~13(1111111~ 035 10~ 30~31113‬‬ ‫~‪011~~0111‬‬ ‫~~‪03‬‬ ‫‪10~ 500(1-~1(~1111‬‬ ‫~‪~11((~111111 ~35‬‬
‫‪01 131111.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪511~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~(,‬‬ ‫‪/(1,‬‬ ‫~‪(113)1 0‬‬ ‫‪3 51(11111~ ~3111 (11(0110(1101131‬‬ ‫‪1)111~),‬‬
‫‪11(0110(1101131-1111~~(311)111~,‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫~‪3 1~30-13‬‬ ‫‪~0(1111~115310(.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~~‪187-‬‬ ‫~‪10(~~-11035‬‬ ‫~‪3‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫(‪(~~111310‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫)(~‪~0111(011‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~‪3 ~1(~-0(3~111‬‬ ‫~‪(113~0111‬‬ ‫‪15 500~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪11-16,‬‬

‫‪11-150.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫~(~‪~0‬‬

‫‪300111011‬‬

‫‪3110 11(0.,,10~5‬‬
‫(~‪~11‬‬
‫‪10~ ~0111(01‬‬
‫‪3((311~~(11~111111‬‬
‫‪01 3 ~0111(011~0‬‬
‫‪~1~~1(0111~5‬‬
‫‪~1~.‬‬

‫‪10~ ~11((~11111(1111~(,‬‬
‫‪11-153‬‬
‫(~‪(~~1111‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪(11011111~0 011 10~ 510~ 11311~1.‬‬
‫~‪~311 0‬‬
‫~~‪3110 0~ .,,0113‬‬
‫‪~)(1~110~0‬‬

‫‪10~ 53(11~ 51~1131 ~~11~(31~5‬‬

‫‪1111111110 10~ 0~ 1111~ ~3111 ~0111(011~(,‬‬ ‫‪/(3.‬‬
‫‪10 ~011/0~(12‬‬
‫‪~0111(0110011‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪~0111(01‬‬
‫‪35 500~11‬‬
‫(~‪10~ 111~~(1‬‬
‫~~‪5(11311 ~0113‬‬
‫‪~110‬‬
‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪1(~().11~11~)1‬‬
‫‪~0 15 300~0‬‬
‫~‪10 10‬‬ ‫~~‪0~ .,,0113‬‬ ‫~~‪(~1~(~11‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~0(1111~11531‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(‪51310‬‬ ‫~~‪(~5151311‬‬ ‫‪0(011‬‬ ‫~‪31 10‬‬
‫‪1(~().11~11~)1.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪0~ ~0113‬‬ ‫~~‪~.1 3~15 35 10~ (~1~(~11‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪10~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬
‫‪~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫‪(~~1111~(.‬‬ ‫~‪111 ~35‬‬ ‫~~~ ‪01‬‬ ‫‪111.,,~(1~(,‬‬ ‫~(~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪15 110 11~~0 0110‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~0‬‬
‫(~‪(~~1111‬‬ ‫‪3110 10~ 51~1131 ~.1 ~0111(015‬‬ ‫~~‪10~ 111.,,~(1~( .,,0113‬‬ ‫‪01(~~11)1.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111 (11011-‬‬
‫‪110(111~,‬‬ ‫‪1015 3((311~~(11~111‬‬ ‫‪(~().111(~5‬‬ ‫‪3 5~1150(,‬‬ ‫‪~01~0‬‬ ‫‪1111(0011~~5‬‬ ‫‪3 0~13)1111‬‬ ‫‪10~ 5)151~(11‬‬
‫‪(~5110115~.‬‬ ‫‪~111~~11 10(~~0-~0(11(1111131~0‬‬ ‫(~‪111~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪~1101~1~5 10( ~0111(011111‬‬ ‫‪10~ 11110~(-‬‬
‫~‪~(31‬‬ ‫(~‪~001‬‬ ‫~(‪13115 01 3 ~~(11~111 ~1111 3‬‬ ‫‪500~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪11-17,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~3~0‬‬ ‫‪11111115 (31~0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪31 100 ~~.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪5111~~ 10~ 10(().11~ 01111011~11011 (11010(5 15 11(0110(1101131‬‬ ‫‪10 10~ 51111 1(~().11~11~)1,‬‬
‫‪())51‬‬ ‫‪5())$, 10~ 511111(~().11~11~)111151~30‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪51310( ~11((~111 ~311 0~ ~0111(011~0.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪511~~0‬‬ ‫(‪~((0‬‬ ‫‪~~11~(31~5‬‬ ‫‪10~ 511111(~().11~11~)1 ~0(11(113110 35 500~11 111 ~1~. 11-15~,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~0‬‬
‫~‪10~ 5111111(11115 5~110‬‬ ‫‪10(().11~ 11(11115.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪11111~11011 ~~11~(310(,‬‬ ‫‪~01~0‬‬ ‫‪11(0011~~5‬‬ ‫‪~0(11-‬‬
‫(‪(113110 51~11315 10‬‬ ‫~~‪.,,0113‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫~‪111 (~5110115‬‬ ‫~‪10 10‬‬ ‫~~‪1(~().11~11~)1, ())$, ~311 13‬‬ ‫‪11110‬‬
‫~‪3~~011111 10‬‬ ‫~‪~0(1111~11531111‬‬ ‫‪0(011‬‬ ‫~‪31 10‬‬ ‫‪1(~().11~11~)1.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~.,,~(,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~0(1111~11531111‬‬
‫‪0(011‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪15 500~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪11-15~.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~~‪3 51~11 ~0311‬‬ ‫~‪111 10‬‬ ‫‪511~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0(11(113110,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫(‪(11010‬‬ ‫‪3~~~1~(31~5‬‬ ‫‪0( 0~~~1~(31~5‬‬ ‫~‪~110111 10~ 10(().11~ 11(1111510 3 51~(0)1-5131‬‬ ‫~‪51111~3111‬‬

‫‪56~. 11-2‬‬ ‫‪365‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪~~~~~5(0‬‬
‫~‪8.‬‬
‫~‪~0,,(~0~19‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪366‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪~0((~5~0110111‬‬
‫‪~1111111 111~ 5~~~0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(‪~((0‬‬ ‫‪~~11~(31~5‬‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪..1~11~~ 11-16 ~ 187-/(~ 111~~~-111135~3~ ~01138~ ~~8111310~. (~~~700/./~~0‬‬
‫)‪/71/.55/0/10/ /37/./5/1 5/~~(7/~(1/ 1-4(1~/1//1~5/..,(0., 5/1~/(1/10‬‬

‫‪10 111~ 1030‬‬

‫~‪~0111(01100‬‬
‫‪/1,. 51111~1~ 3((311~~111~111‬‬
‫~~‪111~ (~1~(~11‬‬
‫‪0.).1 = 0.)5 - 0.),,,, 15 ~1~~0.‬‬
‫‪10(().0~.‬‬

‫‪~1111 3 51~~ 5~~~0‬‬

‫‪~1111 3 111~11 ~0((~111 ~111~1115 ~(0~0(110113110‬‬
‫‪3110 00~5‬‬
‫‪~0( ~0((~111‬‬
‫‪11115 3((311~~111~111‬‬

‫(‪51~113110‬‬
‫~(‪1101 (~().01‬‬
‫‪~0111(0115‬‬
‫‪~0111(015‬‬
‫‪111~ ~0((~111‬‬
‫‪5110~11111‬‬
‫‪111~ 0~ 1111~ ~0((~111.‬‬
‫‪~01111113110,‬‬
‫‪111~ 10(().0~.‬‬
‫‪~1~.‬‬
‫~‪111~ 10(().0‬‬

‫‪11-18.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪0)1 ~~7-‬‬

‫‪5~1150(.‬‬
‫‪11101(~~11)1‬‬

‫‪111~ 5~~~0‬‬
‫‪511~ ~(~().0~11~)1,‬‬
‫‪111~ 1113~11111~ 3~~~1~(31~5‬‬
‫‪111 111~ 51~30)1‬‬ ‫~‪5131‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~~‪..1~11‬‬ ‫‪11-17‬‬ ‫‪~.11~~11‬‬ ‫‪10~~~0-~011111111131~0‬‬ ‫~~‪.11~~~1‬‬ ‫‪~110.~1~5‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪3 ~~111~111‬‬

‫‪/(.111. (~~~700/./~~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 ~~7/71/55/0/1‬‬ ‫‪0/ /37/15/1 5/~~(7/~(1/‬‬ ‫‪1-4(1~/1//1~5 /..,(0.,‬‬ ‫)‪5/1~/(1/10‬‬

‫‪367‬‬
‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪,,-2‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~..~ 11-18‬‬ ‫‪~(1((~11( ~011((01 ~1(11 ~011-‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪5(~11( 511~.‬‬

‫‪111010( ~1.1((~01 18 10~.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪111~ (11(-/5(1~ ((1.1)( ((1.1~11.1(11~8, (100 01.1~ 10 ~(1()110/5‬‬
‫‪((1.1)( (11 0111~(~01‬‬ ‫‪0~~((1110/5‬‬ ‫‪~01018,‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~~(10(111(10‬‬ ‫‪0111118 0(1~~ 18 ~00(.‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪~((1~11~(11‬‬ ‫‪(1(((10/5~111~01‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪~001(01,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ ((1.1)( 18 111(1101(110~0‬‬
‫‪~0081(101,‬‬ ‫‪18 8110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1/5.‬‬ ‫‪11-19.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪8~~~0‬‬ ‫(‪~((0‬‬
‫‪/5~0~((11~8‬‬ ‫‪111~ 811~ 1(~().1.1~0~)1,‬‬
‫‪~111~11 ~001(018‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ 10~~(1‬‬ ‫‪1(~().1.1~0~)1 (100 111~ 0~ 110~ ~1.1((~01 801.1(~~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11.10~1100‬‬
‫(‪/5~0~((110‬‬ ‫‪~(001.1~~8‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪~0111111(100‬‬ ‫()‪10 111(1101(110 111~ (11(-/5(1~ ((1.1‬‬
‫‪~0081(101,‬‬
‫‪00(111(111)1 (11111~ ((11~0‬‬ ‫‪~(111.1~.‬‬
‫‪111~ (1(((10/5~111~01‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1/5.‬‬ ‫‪11-15(1‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪8~~~0 ~001(01‬‬ ‫(~‪~1111100‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01 ~001(01‬‬
‫~‪100‬‬ ‫~‪~(10 0‬‬ ‫‪(1~~11~0‬‬ ‫(~‪10 (1 81(111~ 1(((1111‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~ (18 8110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1/5. 11-20,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪10(().1.1~ 18 ~(0~0(1100(1110‬‬
‫‪110~ ~1.1((~01‬‬
‫‪11111.1111‬‬
‫‪~0111111(100.‬‬
‫‪~(111.1~ (100‬‬
‫‪111~ 111(1)(11111.1111‬‬
‫‪2~(0‬‬
‫(‪111~ 111010‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~01.‬‬
‫(‪(100 111~ 111010‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪111~ 0~ 110~ ~1.1((~0110.‬‬
‫~‬

‫‪0~~~1~((11~8‬‬
‫~~‪81‬‬ ‫~‪10~(~(18‬‬
‫‪(1~~~1~((11~8‬‬
‫~‪81~~ 0~~(~(18‬‬
‫‪10 8~~~0‬‬
‫‪(11 (1 ~0081(101‬‬
‫‪10 111~ 8~~~0‬‬
‫‪111~ 8~~~0‬‬

‫‪01.1~ 10 111~ 10(10 10(().1.1~.‬‬

‫(‪~((0‬‬ ‫‪/5~0~((11~8‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0‬‬
‫‪~1(1111~8 111~ ~1.1((~01 10 111~ 111(1)(-‬‬
‫‪10(().1.1~ ~111~11 ~0((~8~0008‬‬
‫‪8~18 111~ ~1.1((~01‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~~‪110-‬‬
‫‪~0111111(100 10‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫(~‪81(111~ 1(((1111‬‬
‫~~‪0(1‬‬ ‫‪10( 1(108 10 ~~111~01‬‬ ‫‪~0(~8‬‬ ‫‪18 8110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1/5.‬‬ ‫‪11-21.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪368‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~0~99-~0859‬‬
‫~~~~~‪5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪..1~0..~ 11-21‬‬ ‫~‪~ 110-/(~ 511111‬‬ ‫‪1((1101~( 0(1~~.‬‬ ‫‪(~~~,0(//-/~~(/ 0)1~~,/11/8510/10/ 8,/-/5/1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫)‪~/~~(,1~(1/ /11(1~/11/1~51-((/., ~/18/(1/1(/‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪8~11~11(01100$‬‬ ‫‪111010(8‬‬ ‫~‪11(1.,..~ (1 1101~1111(1$~ ~10010‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪111~ $1(110(,‬‬ ‫‪(1180 ~00~0‬‬ ‫‪(18 (1(-‬‬
‫‪111(110(~,‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫~‪(1 11~10 ~10010‬‬ ‫~‪~(1((~10‬‬ ‫‪(1 0~ ~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪111~ (010(.‬‬ ‫~(~‪111‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 1~0‬‬
‫~‪1111111$10.,..01.,..~0~ 00‬‬ ‫~‪00‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 11~10 ~0((~01‬‬ ‫~‪(100 0111~( 00‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ (1(111(110(~ ~0((~01.‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪11-3‬‬ ‫‪369‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪111~ (~81111110.1 111111( ~(0011~~8‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(().11~.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 11(11111111(~ 18 10~0.11~111 10 111~ 811110‬‬
‫‪0( 10.011~1100. 111010(8, 0111 111~(~ 18 0.0 10.011~1100. 10. 111~ (010(.‬‬ ‫(‪/4. 8)10.~11(00.0118 111010‬‬
‫‪18 11 ~00.81110.1-8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪11111~1110.~ 110.0 111~11)18 (01111~8‬‬ ‫‪~1111 2~(0‬‬ ‫‪811~ 111 111~ 8)10.~11(00.0118‬‬
‫‪8~~~0,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 0~~~0.08‬‬ ‫~~‪00. 111~ ((~().11~0.‬‬ ‫‪110.0 111~ 0.111110~( 0( ~01~8,‬‬ ‫‪118 ~1~~11 0~ ~()..‬‬
‫‪(11-1).‬‬ ‫‪/4. 8)10.~11(00.0118‬‬ ‫(‪111010‬‬ ‫~‪~110. 0‬‬ ‫‪0~~(111~0‬‬ ‫(‪118 11 111010‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪8~0.~(1110(.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫(‪(11~10‬‬ ‫‪~110. 0~ ~00.1(011~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 ~11()110.8 111~ (1~10 ~11((~0.1.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~)1~10~00.~~(1~(8‬‬
‫‪110.0 10.~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫‪11(~ ~10~0.10.8‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11~~11~111100.8‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪8)10.~11(00.0118‬‬ ‫‪111010(8‬‬ ‫‪10. ~11(11101~-‬‬
‫‪8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~8.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 8)10.~11(00.0118‬‬ ‫‪111010(8‬‬ ‫(‪~110. 0~ ~111881(1~0 10.10 (011‬‬ ‫~‪1)1~~8‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪~)1110.0(1~111‬‬ ‫(‪(010‬‬ ‫‪111010(8‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫~‪51111~0.1-~01‬‬ ‫‪111010(8‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫~~‪~~111~1110.‬‬ ‫‪111010(8‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪~~(111110.~0.1-1111180.~1111010(8‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪6~10‬‬ ‫‪~10.010.8‬‬ ‫‪18 ~0110.0‬‬ ‫‪00. 111~ (010(,‬‬ ‫‪~111~1118‬‬ ‫‪~)1110.0(1~111, 110.0 111~8~ 111010(8‬‬
‫‪1111~~ 11 110.1(0(111 111( 811~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪(~11~1110.~~8‬‬ ‫‪11(~ 1110~~~0.0~0.1‬‬ ‫(‪00. 111~ (010‬‬ ‫‪~0811100..‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(~~ ‪~().111~111~0.1 ~1(~1111‬‬ ‫‪~11118~,‬‬ ‫‪0.~81~~110.8‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0.0-10110‬‬ ‫‪1088,‬‬ ‫‪18 8110~0.‬‬ ‫‪10. ~18.‬‬
‫‪11-2211,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫(~~ ~~‪8.,, 18 111~ 11(11111111(~ (~81811111‬‬ ‫‪~11118~ 11110 )(.‬‬ ‫‪18 111~ 5)111~/7,0110/13‬‬
‫‪,€(1~((111~€‬‬ ‫(~~‬ ‫‪~11118~.‬‬ ‫‪11/, ~111~11 18 0~~~0.0~0.1‬‬ ‫‪00. 111~ (1~10 ~11((~0.1, 18 ~0.0~0.‬‬ ‫‪118‬‬
‫‪€~~1((1(1011‬‬ ‫‪0( /1€/0.‬‬ ‫‪~011118~.‬‬
‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫(‪(11~10‬‬ ‫‪0~~~0.08‬‬ ‫‪00. 111~ 6~10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~0.1.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪11-~11(~~8,‬‬ ‫~‪~111~11 8110‬‬
‫(‪111~ 1)1~1~111 ~11(111110118 0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11(11111111(~ ~11((~0.1‬‬ ‫‪1181110.81 111~ ~)(~11111100. ~11((~0.1,‬‬ ‫~(‪11‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪8110~0.‬‬ ‫‪10. ~18. 11-23.‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0( 111~ 811111~ 11(11111111(~ ~11((~0.1, 111~ ~0‬‬
‫‪1118810.8 0( 1~11010.8, 0~~~0.010.8‬‬ ‫‪00. 111~ ~)(~11111100. ~11((~0.1, 1/.‬‬
‫‪1( 6,., 18 111~ 1118810.8 (11~10( 110.81~, ~18. 11-2211 81~~8‬‬

‫~‪~/ = 11,,‬‬ ‫)‪- /,, (8.,, + /)(.‬‬

‫(‪(11~10‬‬ ‫‪~01110‬‬

‫)‪(11-75‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬

‫~‪11,,‬‬ ‫)‪- 1,, (~08 6,., - /810. 6,.,)(8.,, + /)(.‬‬

‫)‪(11-7511‬‬

‫)‪(11-750‬‬

‫)‪(11-76‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~,‬‬
‫~‪(0) ~~8$0‬‬ ‫‪0~89~801‬‬

‫‪370‬‬
 ‫‪~~0181(1~8 ~(1~~801. ~.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪(..899~09‬‬

‫‪~--,‬‬
‫~‪~0~8~ 18~10‬‬ ‫‪(..88~109‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫~‪..)~0..‬‬ ‫‪11-23‬‬
‫‪~11(0110118 01010(8.‬‬
‫‪1~))1~3111-~11(...~8‬‬ ‫‪0~ 8~11-‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(10.0‬‬

‫=‪~/‬‬ ‫‪((~~ -1~%5810.6,,, -1~~~~086,,,)2‬‬ ‫‪+ (175~086,,, -1~~~810.6,,,)2)1/2‬‬ ‫)‪(11-77‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(‪(10.0 111~ ~11(180‬‬ ‫‪01(1~((111110.‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪11-220‬‬ ‫‪~1~108‬‬

‫‪~/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)~ ‪~/(~08 ~ + )810.‬‬ ‫)‪(11-78‬‬

‫)‪- _ ~~ - ~/ _ (~~ - ~((~08 ~ + )810. ~))(~~ - )%5‬‬ ‫)‪(11-79‬‬

‫‪1~ -‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫~‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬
‫~~‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1~5‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬

‫)‪111~ (~(11 ~(1(1 01 ~().. (11-79‬‬ ‫‪0~~0111~8‬‬

‫~~(~~‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~/ ~08 ~) -‬‬ ‫~ ‪~/%5 810.‬‬

‫‪1~ ~08 6,,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫)‪(11-80‬‬
‫~~‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪./1.5‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(~~‪111~ 10.~111 ~0‬‬ ‫‪~(10. 0~ 0~1~(11110.~0‬‬

‫‪/1, = 3~~1~ ~08 6,,,‬‬

‫~~(~~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~~~/‬‬

‫‪1(0111 ~()..‬‬

‫‪~08‬‬

‫~‪~~ + %‬‬
‫)~‬
‫‪(11-80),‬‬

‫)‪(11-81‬‬

‫(‪111~ 81(110‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫(~~~‪(1(111(1111(~) ~0‬‬ ‫‪1088 18‬‬

‫‪/1.,.‬‬ ‫~~~‪= 31‬‬ ‫)‪(11-82‬‬

‫)‪(11-83‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪11 (05‬‬ ‫‪18 111~ 8~0.~11(00.0118‬‬ ‫‪8~~~0,‬‬ ‫(‪~111~1118 111~ 8(1111~ (18 111~ (010‬‬ ‫‪8~~~0,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~.,,~10~~0‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪10(().11‬‬ ‫‪0~~0111~8‬‬

‫)‪(11-84‬‬

‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫~~‪(1(111(1111(~ (~8181(10.‬‬ ‫‪18 0.~~11~101~,‬‬ ‫‪~()..‬‬ ‫)‪(11-84‬‬ ‫‪0~~0111~8‬‬

‫~‪3~~ ~/ 810.‬‬
‫‪1(/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(11-85‬‬
‫‪%5(05‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪11-3‬‬ ‫‪371‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫~‪~0..‬‬ ‫‪11-24‬‬ ‫~‪10(().0‬‬ ‫(‪3831/15‬‬ ‫~‪(0(().0‬‬

‫‪3/181~ ~1(/1 ~~11/10(1~31 (0(0(.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(11-86‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪111010(10‬‬ ‫~‪0 1$ 0~~(111..,‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪10(().1.1~ 10 8()..‬‬ ‫)‪(11-85‬‬ ‫‪0~~0111~$‬‬ ‫‪~0$111..,~.‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪~(1$~ 01 ~~0~((1110~,‬‬ ‫~‪0 1$ ~0$111..,‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪((100‬‬ ‫)~‪10(().1.1‬‬ ‫‪0~~0111~$‬‬ ‫‪0~~(111..,~.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪(10~1‬‬ ‫‪0 1$ ~(111~0 111~ (0,()11€‬‬ ‫‪0118/€.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪(1 11,.~0‬‬ ‫~~‪..,011(1‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪1(~().1.1~0~~,‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪10(().1.1~ 0~~~00$‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪111~ (10~1~,‬‬ ‫‪0, (100 1$ ~(0~0(1100(1110‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~,.~11(11100‬‬ ‫‪..,011(1~~,‬‬ ‫‪11,.‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪11,.~0‬‬ ‫‪..,(111.1~$ 0111,‬‬ ‫‪(100 0, 111~ 10(().1.1~ 0~~~00$‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ..,011(1~~-10-1(~().1.1~0‬‬ ‫‪((1110‬‬
‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪(1 ~00$1(101‬‬ ‫‪..,011$/11~(12‬‬ ‫‪~001(01‬‬ ‫~‪~111 ~(0..,10‬‬ ‫‪$~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~001(01‬‬ ‫‪(11 (1 ~00$1(10110(().1.1~.‬‬
‫‪1111..,,‬‬ ‫‪11,, (100‬‬ ‫‪0 (~111(110 11,.~0,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(().1.1~ 0~~(~(1$~$‬‬ ‫~‪~1111111‬‬ ‫‪$~~~0‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 111010‬‬
‫‪0~~((11~$‬‬ ‫~‪10 111~ 11~10 ~~(1/(~010‬‬ ‫‪11100~.‬‬
‫‪110 = 900, 111~ 10(().1.1~ 0~~0111~$111(1,.11111.1111 (100 111~ 111(1,.11111.11110~..,~10~~0 10(().1.1~,‬‬
‫‪~111~111$‬‬ ‫(‪~(111~0 111~ ~11//-011‬‬ ‫‪(0,()11€,‬‬ ‫‪0~~0111~$‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪111~ ~101 01 0~..,~10~~0 10(().1.1~ (1~(110$1111~ (10~1~, 0 1$ $110~0 10 ~1~. 11-24.‬‬
‫‪$1(101111~~00$10~((11100$, 111~ 111010( 1$ 0~~((11~0 10 111~ ~0$111..,~ $10~~ 011(/-0‬‬
‫)‪(1/-87‬‬

‫(‪~0‬‬
‫‪~11(1(-‬‬
‫‪(1~1~(1$11~$ (100 1111$1111111$111~ ((10~~ 0110(().1.1~ (10~1~, - 900 ~ 0 ~ 900.‬‬

‫~‪~,(301))1‬‬ ‫‪11-8‬‬

‫‪~ 111(~~-~11(18~ 460- ~ 60-1-1.2 81,.-~01~ ~-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫(‪~~11110(1~(11(010‬‬ ‫(‪8~/1~11(0/101.18 111010‬‬

‫‪11(18 (1 8~11~11(01101.18‬‬
‫‪= 2.5 11 (1110 111~ (1(111(111.1(~(~8181(111~~ 18 11~~11~101~.‬‬
‫~~‪(~(1~1(111‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪%$‬‬

‫‪111~ 10(10 10(~1.1~, ~111~11 18 ~(0~0(6011(11‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 8~~~0 8~1.1(1(~0, 18 11. = 398 ~.111 31‬‬
‫(~~‪1200 (~111. 111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪1(1~10( 18 111(11111(1111~0‬‬
‫‪(11 1.11111~0~ 11~10 ~0111(01 (1110 (11~ .,,011(1~~-‬‬
‫‪10-1(~~1.1~11~~ ((160 18 )(~~1 ~01181(1111(11111~ ((11~0 .,,(111.1~. 11111~ 111.,,~(1~( 1(~~1.1~11~~ 18 36‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪1-1.2(1110111~111010( 8~~~018 720 (~111, ~(11~1.11(11‬‬‫~(‪111~ ((1) 111~111~1.11.,,011(1~~, 110~(0) (1(111(111.1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~1.1((~111, 1~~ (~) ~)(~11(16011 .,,011(1~~, 11/~ (0) 10(~1.1~ (111~1~, 8~ (1110 (~) ~1.111-01.1110(~1.1~, 1,,.‬‬

‫= ‪80/01100 ~~ = ~08 6,,, = 1.0, 6,,, = 0, 11~(,.(.0)= 110 = 460/-0 = 265.58 ~, /1‬‬
‫‪6,‬‬ ‫‪(0 = 2 70‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪60 = 377 ((10/8, (00 = (0$= (0,,, = 2 )( 377/6 = 125.67 ((10/8 0( 1200‬‬
‫‪(~111, (11100 = 11,/(06 = 265.58/125.67‬‬ ‫‪= 2.1133.‬‬ ‫‪~1720‬‬ ‫‪(~111,‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪720‬‬
‫‪11.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫()‪398‬‬
‫=) (‬
‫‪1200‬‬
‫‪143.28‬‬ ‫‪~.111‬‬ ‫‪(0$ = (0,,, = 720‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪70‬‬

‫‪30 = 75.4 ((10/8‬‬

‫‪,,0 = 143.28 )( 75.4‬‬
‫~ ‪= 10,803‬‬
‫‪((1) 11~= 0(0$ = 2.1133 )( 75.4 = 159.34 ~.‬‬

‫‪372‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪(0) 110 = 3~.1. ~~ = 10,803 0( 1. = 10,803/(3‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪159.34) = 22.6 ~.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~(0111~~. (11-75),‬‬

‫‪~/‬‬ ‫‪= 159.34 - 22.6(1 + 10)(12.5) = 169.1 / -19.520‬‬

‫‪(0) 111~ 10(~11~ (111~1~,() = -19.520.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~(0111 ~~. (11-87),‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪-,,‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪159.34‬‬ ‫‪169.1‬‬ ‫‪.,.,.‬‬
‫= ‪1,,‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪= 428 .82‬‬ ‫‪1~ 111‬‬
‫‪2.5‬‬ ‫‪75.4‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~(‪3(1113111‬‬ ‫~‪01 8311~111-~01‬‬ ‫‪111010(8‬‬ ‫‪18 81111113( 10 11131 01 ~~11110(1~31‬‬ ‫(‪(010‬‬ ‫‪111010(8.‬‬
‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪011~ 10 8311~11~~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 31( ~3~ 18 1101 1111110(111 3110 111~ (111)( 18 0~~~110~111‬‬ ‫‪011‬‬
‫‪111~ ~08111011‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪(010(.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11~10 ~1110111~ 18 110(111311~ ~011110 011 111~ ~01~ ~1~~~8.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪111~ 3(1113111(~ ~11((~111 3110 111~ (~3~1311~~8‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ (~801~~011110‬‬ ‫~(‪01(~~1 3110 ()1130(3111‬‬
‫‪3)(18 ~0111~011~1118.‬‬ ‫~‪1() 3110 1~ 3(~ 111~ ~0111~011~1118 01111‬‬ ‫~‪3(1113111(~ ~11((~111 111 111‬‬
‫‪01(~~1‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫)~‬ ‫~(‪3)(18 3110 ()1130(3111‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫))(‬ ‫‪(1)(18, (~8~~~11~~1~.‬‬ ‫~(‪)(() 3110 )(~ 3‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~-3)(18‬‬ ‫~~‪(~3~1311‬‬ ‫‪3110 ()-3)(18‬‬ ‫‪(~3~1311~~,‬‬ ‫‪(~8~~~11~~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪~)(~11311011 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪0~-‬‬
‫‪~0111~8‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~/ = ~,, - 1)(()1() - 1)(~1~ - ~,,1,,‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪11~~11~101‬‬ ‫~(‪3(1113111‬‬ ‫‪(~8181311~~,‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~11380‬‬ ‫‪013~(3111‬‬ ‫‪18 8110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪11-25.‬‬
‫‪~(0111‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~11380‬‬ ‫‪013~(3111,‬‬

‫)‪1() = 1,, 8111(8~ - 8‬‬ ‫)‪(11-88‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫~~‪1‬‬
‫)‪1~ = 1,, ~08 (8~ - 8‬‬
‫‪1())(() = ~,,~08 8 -‬‬

‫‪= ~,,8111 8‬‬

‫‪~/‬‬
‫)‪(11-89‬‬
‫)‪(11-90‬‬
‫)‪(11-91‬‬

‫‪51108111111111~1~ 1(0111 ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(11-89‬‬ ‫‪111~().‬‬ ‫‪(11-91),‬‬ ‫~~‪~~ 113‬‬

‫‪~,, 81118 = )(/,,‬‬ ‫~‪~08 (8‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪8‬‬

‫)‪(11-92‬‬
‫(‪= )(/,,‬‬ ‫‪~08‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪~08‬‬ ‫~‪8‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)~‪8111 8 8111 8‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪)/1‬‬ ‫‪~ 11-25‬‬ ‫(‪~11015~ 0101~(01111(0‬‬ ‫‪50111-‬‬

‫~‪~(11-()01‬‬ ‫‪5~(1~11(0(10115 111010(5.‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪11-3‬‬ ‫‪373‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪,..‬‬
‫‪,..0~~~8.‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪889808~81~00‬‬

‫‪,..0~~~8‬‬ ‫‪~~8 10‬‬

‫~~‪58~~80‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪,..0~~~8‬‬ ‫‪~~8 /0‬‬
‫~~‪1~8‬‬
‫~‪...1~0..‬‬ ‫‪11-26‬‬ ‫~‪10(()11‬‬ ‫~‪3831115110(()11‬‬
‫‪31181~ ~1111 5311~111-(101~ (010(.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪01~10111‬‬ ‫‪00111 810~8‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~08‬‬ ‫(‪8 3110 801~111~ 10‬‬ ‫‪8 ~1~~8‬‬

‫‪1,)(~ ~08‬‬ ‫‪8/11‬‬

‫= ‪8‬‬ ‫‪-1311-1‬‬ ‫)‪(11-93‬‬
‫‪~(1 -‬‬ ‫‪1,)(~ 81118/11‬‬

‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 11~~311‬‬ ‫‪81~11 81~11111~8 11131 ~/ 13~8 ~(1.‬‬ ‫~~‪11111~ 1~(0111131 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪18 (~801~~0‬‬
‫‪11110 3 0-3)(18‬‬ ‫‪3110 3 /1-3)(18,‬‬

‫= ‪~(1(/‬‬ ‫~‪- ~(1 8111 8 3110 ~0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~(1 ~08 8‬‬

‫(~~‪111~ 111~111 ~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~001~8‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪= -‬‬ ‫‪3(1(/~(1(/‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)~‪1~~(1‬‬

‫)‪(11-94‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪81108111111111~1(/ 1(001 8().‬‬

‫‪~ (/ = - -‬‬
‫)‪(11-90‬‬
‫‪=31(/~(181118‬‬

‫‪3~(1~/‬‬
‫‪31101~ 1(001 8().‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫‪8111 8‬‬
‫~~‪3‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪31~~(1~088‬‬

‫)‪(11-91‬‬

‫‪%(/‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫~‪%‬‬

‫‪1118().‬‬

‫‪811128‬‬
‫)‪(11-94‬‬ ‫‪~1~108‬‬

‫)‪(11-95‬‬
‫‪%(/‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫~‪%(/%‬‬

‫‪01~10111~ 8().‬‬ ‫)‪(11-95‬‬ ‫‪0~ 8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~1~~8 111~ 0~~~10~~0‬‬ ‫‪10(()11~ 38‬‬

‫_‬ ‫‪3~(1~(.,,‬‬ ‫~~‪3‬‬ ‫‪%(/ - %(/ .‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪~ (/ -‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪8111 0‬‬ ‫~ ~‬ ‫‪8111 28‬‬ ‫)‪(11-96‬‬
‫‪%~5‬‬ ‫‪2(1)5‬‬ ‫~~‪~(/‬‬

‫‪111~ 10(()11~ 1118(). (11-96) 1138 1~0 ~001~011~018.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11(81 ~001~00~0118‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 8301‬‬
‫‪38 11131 01 ~~1100(1~31 (010( 11 %(/ 18 (~~13~~0 0~ %5 300 111~ 8~~000 ~001~00~111 18‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪011~ 10 111~ (010( 8311~0~~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1~~1~31 ~101 011(/ 3~3108110(()11~ 30~1~ 18 8110~0 10‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~1~. 11-26,‬‬ ‫‪~11~(~ 111~ 10(()11~ 1138 3 (13)(1011101 ~3111~ 31 8 = 2= 8/11.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪81301111‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬

‫~~‪10(()11~ 30~1~ 18 110111~0 111 111~ (30‬‬ ‫‪01 - 8/11 ~ 8 ~ 8/11 300 10 11118 81301~ (30~~,‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~~‪810‬‬ ‫‪011(/-8‬‬ ‫~‪~113(3~1~(1811‬‬ ‫‪18 111~11~( 11130 11131 01 ~~1100(1~31‬‬ ‫(‪(010‬‬ ‫‪01010(.‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪(~111~130‬‬ ‫‪01010(8‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫~‪8101113( 10 111~ 8311~01-~01‬‬ ‫‪01010(8,‬‬ ‫‪~)(~~~111131‬‬ ‫‪111~(~ 18‬‬
‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪11~10‬‬ ‫~‪~10010‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪111~ (010(.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~(‪3(013111‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 ~(0011~~8‬‬ ‫~‪(013110‬‬
‫~‪013~0~11‬‬ ‫‪11~10 10 111~ 31( ~3~,‬‬ ‫‪10011~~8‬‬ ‫‪3 11~10 10 111~ (010(,‬‬ ‫‪~111~111138‬‬ ‫~~‪3 1~00~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫‪374‬‬
 ‫~‪311~0 ~1111111‬‬ ‫‪3(111311.1(~ 11~10.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~~‪111~ (~11.1~130‬‬ ‫‪111010(8‬‬ ‫‪3(~ ~~()1 81111()1~ 300‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 1.18~0‬‬
‫‪10 3()()11~311008‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬
‫‪3 01.11110~( 01111010(8‬‬ ‫‪3(~ (~().1.11(~0 10 (0131~ 10 8)10~11(0018111.‬‬
‫~‪111~8‬‬ ‫‪111010(8‬‬ ‫(~~‪113~~ 10~ 13~~10~ ()0‬‬ ‫‪13~10(,‬‬ ‫~~‪1)1()1~311)110 111~ (30‬‬ ‫‪0.65 10 0.75.‬‬
‫)‪~1111 ~/ = 0, 8().. (11-96‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ 3()()11~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 0~1~(11110‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ (~11.1~130‬‬ ‫‪10(().1.1~,‬‬

‫~~‪3‬‬ ‫‪)((/ - )( ,,‬‬

‫= ‪1(/‬‬ ‫()()‬ ‫‪810 23‬‬ ‫)‪(11-97‬‬
‫‪20)5‬‬ ‫‪(/ ,,‬‬

‫)‪(11-98‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(11-99‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪11131 111~(~ 18 00‬‬
‫‪1113~0~18.‬‬
‫‪()~(11130~01-1113~0~1‬‬
‫~‪8311~01-()01‬‬
‫‪~0113~~,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~))(‪~~301‬‬
‫‪~/,‬‬

‫‪11-9‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬

‫‪12.5 ~.111.‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪()~(11130~01-1113~0~1‬‬
‫~‪11~10 ~10010‬‬
‫‪~)(~1131100‬‬

‫‪111010(8‬‬

‫~‪~ 111(~~-~1138~ 230-‬‬

‫~()‪0 3(10‬‬ ‫‪= 3.5 0.‬‬
‫‪111010(8‬‬

‫‪111010(8‬‬
‫‪00‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬
‫~~‪113‬‬
‫‪1113)1 0~ 3()()11~0‬‬
‫‪18 3881.1111~0 ~0081301.‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫~‪81111113( 10 11131 01 8311~01-()01‬‬
‫(‪111~ (010‬‬
‫‪~30001‬‬
‫‪300‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪111~ 11~10 18 ()(0~10~0‬‬
‫‪~3(1~0.‬‬
‫‪111~11~( ()1.111-01.11 10(().1.1~.‬‬
‫‪10 ()~(11130~01-1113~0~1111010(8‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬

‫)‪60-11~ 101.1(-~01~ ~-~01111~~1~0 (~11.1~1311~~ 111010( 11(8)(,‬‬ ‫‪= 22.5‬‬

‫= ~‪111~ 3(111311.1(~ (~8181311~~ 18 11~~11~101~. 111~ 1030 10(().1.1~ 18 1‬‬
‫‪111~ ~0113~~-10-1(~().1.1~11~)1 (3110 18 111311113111~0~011813111 31111~ (31~0 ~311.1~.‬‬
‫‪11111~ 81.1~~1)11(~().1.1~11~)118 60112,‬‬
‫(~~‪/. ~ 3110 (~) 111~1.11~0‬‬
‫‪0~1~(111111~ 111~ (3) 10(().1.1~ 311~1~, 8~ (0) 1111~~1.1((~111,‬‬
‫‪13~10(,‬‬

‫‪80)01100 1~ = 12.5 ~.111, ~.(,3(00) = ~0 = 230/0‬‬

‫= ‪60 = 377 (30/8, (00‬‬ ‫‪(0$‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪(0,,,‬‬ ‫‪= 2‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪.,~.‬‬

‫() ‪= 132.79~, ~ = 4, (0 = 210‬‬

‫‪377/4 = 188.5 (30/8 0( 1800 (~111, 0 = ~0/(00‬‬
‫‪132.79/188.50 = 0.7045, 3110~. = 132.79~.‬‬
‫‪111010(8,‬‬

‫~‪111~ 83111~ 1(3111‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~().1.1311008‬‬
‫‪~)(~~()1‬‬
‫‪0)1 ()~(11130~01‬‬

‫(‪10‬‬
‫‪11111~ ~)(~1131100‬‬
‫‪812~,‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬

‫‪(3) (0$ = 188.5 (30/8.‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 ~().. (11-97),‬‬

‫‪12.5 )( 2 )( 188.5‬‬ ‫‪)( 22.5‬‬ ‫()‬

‫‪3.5‬‬
‫‪811128‬‬ ‫‪= -‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪132.792‬‬ ‫)‪(22.5 - 3.5‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪3110 8‬‬ ‫‪= -10.840.‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪(0) ~0 = 12.5‬‬ ‫‪188.5 = 2356~.‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 ~().. (11-98),‬‬

‫= )‪1311(10.84 0‬‬ ‫‪3.5/. ~08 6,,,‬‬

‫‪132.79 - 3.5/. 81116,,,‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪3110 ~0 = 2356‬‬ ‫‪= 3‬‬ ‫‪132. 79/.‬‬ ‫‪~08 6,,,.‬‬ ‫~‪~(0111 111~8~ 1~0 ~().113110118, /. 3110 6,,, ~311 0‬‬

‫‪58~. 11-3‬‬ ‫‪375‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪0~1~...11111~0‬‬ ‫~)‪/‬‬ ‫~‪311 11~.-36,,,‬‬ ‫‪111~11100‬‬ ‫‪0~ 801116011,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 ~1~108‬‬ ‫‪/.‬‬ ‫‪9.2‬‬ ‫‪/-.. 3110 9,,,‬‬
‫‪49.980.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~~ = ~08 (49.980) = 0.643.‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪1)1~1~31 ~113.-3~1~.-1511~5‬‬ ‫‪0( 10.-~11~,‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~111, 3110 ~,.~11311011‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪3~311151‬‬ ‫‪(.-~-‬‬
‫‪~0~11~)1‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪11-27.‬‬ ‫~(~‪111‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪(~~10115‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫~‪0~~(311011‬‬ ‫‪~011513111‬‬
‫~‪10(~0‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~011513111 ~0~~(.‬‬ ‫~‪111111~ ~011513111-10(~0‬‬ ‫‪(~~1011,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0115/11~(1215‬‬ ‫‪1113111-‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪13111~0 ~011513111,‬‬ ‫(~~‪3110 111 111~ ~011513111-~0‬‬ ‫‪(~~1011,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 10(~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~(~35~5‬‬ ‫‪~1111 ((~-‬‬
‫‪~0~11~)1.‬‬ ‫‪51111113( 10 11100~11011‬‬ ‫‪111010(5,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5~~~0‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪5)111~11(011005‬‬ ‫‪111010(5‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬
‫‪~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 ~3()1111‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪((~~0~11~)1,‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111.‬‬ ‫~(~‪111‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~3(1005‬‬
‫‪~011(1~0(3110115‬‬ ‫~‪(0( ~105~0100‬‬ ‫(‪~0111(010‬‬ ‫‪5)111~11(011005 111010(5.‬‬ ‫‪~ 0351~ 3((311~~111~111‬‬
‫(‪(0( ~011513111 ~0115/11~(12 ~0111(010‬‬ ‫‪5)111~11(011005111010(515‬‬ ‫‪5110~11111 ~1~. 11-28,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪111~ 5~~~0‬‬ ‫(‪~((0‬‬ ‫‪~~11~(31~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ ((~~0~11~)1‬‬ ‫~~‪3110 ~0113‬‬ ‫~~~ ~‪~01111113110 (0( 111‬‬ ‫‪111-‬‬
‫‪~~(1~(.‬‬ ‫~~‪~ 3.3-‬‬ ‫‪50(1-513(1‬‬ ‫‪5)151~111 (0( 5~11~11(011005‬‬ ‫(‪111010( ~0111~(~550‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~5 15‬‬

‫‪~0,,518,,1‬‬
‫‪10,(/(,/8‬‬
‫‪- 1--+-‬‬ ‫‪~0,,518,,1‬‬ ‫‪~01/,/8,‬‬

‫‪1/.‬‬
‫~‪1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪...1~8..‬‬ ‫‪11-27‬‬ ‫‪10(().11~-5~~~0‬‬
‫‪1511~5 0( 5~(1~11(0(10115 111010(5.‬‬
‫‪~113(3~1~(-‬‬

‫‪1...‬‬

‫‪~0,,1,01~80‬‬ ‫‪1/0~1898-50(,/,~8‬‬
‫‪,8~1~(~8,‬‬ ‫‪~,,..8,.8,‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪376‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪5110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬
‫~‪12-))1115‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~1~. 11-30.‬‬

‫‪~1111011~11‬‬
‫‪1(~~11~11~~,‬‬
‫~~‪1(~~11~11‬‬
‫~~‪~11~11‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪11-29,‬‬
‫‪0))~(311011.‬‬

‫‪3~ 0(1~~5‬‬
‫‪3110 ~11((~111,‬‬
‫~‪~311 0‬‬
‫~‪~311 0‬‬
‫~(~‪~11‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬

‫~(‪(~~111‬‬

‫‪~0111(011~0‬‬
‫‪~0111(011~0‬‬
‫‪1~0‬‬
‫‪~0111(01‬‬

‫~‪0‬‬
‫~‪111(~~-))1135‬‬
‫(‪~1101~1~ 10‬‬

‫‪30~311~~0‬‬
‫~~‪111~~ 113‬‬
‫‪~0111(01‬‬
‫‪30~31113~~5‬‬
‫~~(‪0~ ~0113~~-5011‬‬
‫~~(‪~11((~111-5011‬‬
‫‪513~~5‬‬
‫~~‪1/1~0..~ 11-29 ~ 3.3-‬‬

‫‪3(~ ~01111~~1~0‬‬
‫~~‪111~ 0(1‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬

‫(‪1~~11111~11~5 10‬‬
‫(~~‪0‬‬
‫‪111~~(1~(5.‬‬
‫‪111~~(1~(5.‬‬
‫‪0~ 0(1~~5.‬‬
‫‪~0111(01‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪111~ ~11((~111 3110 1(~-‬‬
‫(~~‪111~ 511)) ))0‬‬ ‫~(~~‪(~~0‬‬
‫‪5~11~11~011005‬‬
‫‪111010~~011111~~550~0~1~~. (~~~,00/-/(~0‬‬

‫‪111 ))3(311~110‬‬
‫‪11-29‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~11‬‬

‫‪01 ~0113~~,‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬
‫‪0)1‬‬
‫‪~~,,,,/55/011 0/ /1,/-/5/1 5/~((,/(/1/ /.1/1(/1/11~5‬‬
‫)‪/..,(0., 5118/(1110‬‬

‫~~‪~1‬‬
‫‪111‬‬

‫‪3110‬‬

‫‪5~11~111~5 115~ ~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫‪(~~1111~(5‬‬ ‫(~~‪10 (~~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ 511)) ))0‬‬ ‫‪01111011~11011‬‬ ‫‪111010(5.‬‬
‫‪111~ 111051 ~0111111011111~11100‬‬ ‫))‪01 ~105~0-100‬‬ ‫‪~0111(0101111011~11011111010(515‬‬ ‫‪~0115/11~(12,‬‬
‫(‪1111)(, 0‬‬ ‫‪511)) ~0111(01.‬‬ ‫‪)30111‬‬ ‫~~‪5~111((~1-~3‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫(‪~011110-(010‬‬ ‫‪111010(5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪115~0‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~3(1301~-5))~~0‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~5.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~~(‪~0113~~-5011‬‬ ‫(~‪111~~(1‬‬ ‫‪~311 511))))1~ 3 11111110~( 01111010(5‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~01111~~1~0111‬‬ ‫‪))3(311~1,‬‬ ‫‪~11~(~35‬‬ ‫~~(‪3 ~11((~111-5011‬‬ ‫(~‪111~~(1‬‬ ‫‪~311 511))))1~ 0111~ 011~ 111010‬‬
‫‪5~11~11(0110115‬‬ ‫‪111010(5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~011513111-5))~~0‬‬ ‫‪1113~11111~5 3110 111~1( 5))~~05‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬
‫‪~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪1(~~11~11~~,‬‬ ‫(‪3110 /0‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111.‬‬ ‫‪5~11~11(0110118‬‬ ‫‪111010(5‬‬ ‫(‪3(~ 011011‬‬
‫‪1~))~5~ ~~11110(1~31‬‬ ‫‪(010(5,‬‬ ‫‪5311~111 ))01~5,‬‬ ‫‪(~111~1311~~,‬‬ ‫‪3110 ))~(111311~1111113~11~15.‬‬ ‫~(~‪111‬‬
‫‪15 30111103111‬‬ ‫~(‪111~(3111‬‬ ‫‪011 3~ 0(1~~5,‬‬ ‫~(‪50 0111~ 111~ 1111103111~111315 3‬‬ ‫‪~0~~(~0‬‬ ‫‪111 1015‬‬
‫(~‪~03))1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪377‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪1/1~11..~ 11.30‬‬
‫‪0(1...~ 111~1~.‬‬

‫‪/..,(~.,‬‬ ‫)~‪,,,/1/5/0/1‬‬
‫~‪~0111(0) (1101()~ ~0( 111‬‬
‫‪11-29.‬‬ ‫~~~‪(~~()70~/1‬‬
‫‪()~7111/.55/0/1 0/ 87/15/1 ,,,/~~(7/~0/‬‬
‫‪0)1‬‬
‫‪),10~/1//1~5‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪1. 13. 1(. 1308~, ~0~~,.‬‬ ‫‪€/~((,.0111(5‬‬ ‫‪(/110./1(7 /),.11/~5.‬‬ ‫‪811~1~~000‬‬ ‫‪01~~8,‬‬ ‫~‪~.1.‬‬ ‫‪~1~1111~~-1-1311,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪111~., 1986.‬‬
‫‪2. 13. 1(. 1308~, ./101/.1.5((/0/~./1(7‬‬ ‫~~~ ‪/),.11/~5,‬‬ ‫~~‪~01‬‬ ‫‪1888‬‬ ‫‪~1~88,‬‬ ‫‪1980.‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪5. 13. 0~~311,‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪13. 51~111011, 3110 ~.‬‬ ‫‪511311~0.~11, ~0~~,.‬‬ ‫‪5~1111(0110(.(((0,.‬‬ ‫‪/),.11/~5.‬‬ ‫~~~‬
‫~~‪~01‬‬ ‫~~‪100.11 ~11‬‬ ‫‪8.. 50118, 111~., 1984.‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪1.,~0110.310,‬‬ ‫‪..~0111101‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 3~ 1113~0.111~8~110.10.‬‬ ‫‪0.~1~ 0~ ~1~~110111~8.,,‬‬ ‫‪3,.0 /~./1(7‬‬ ‫‪5)1111-‬‬
‫‪/1051(.(111 011 (7011(,.0/ 111~0~~,.‬‬ ‫‪€/~((,.0111(5‬‬ ‫‪(/110 €/~((,.1((//‬‬ ‫‪/),.11/~5, 1.,311831111~, 5~112~(13110,‬‬
‫‪111101131 5~881011, 5~~1~1110~1‬‬ ‫‪1983,‬‬ ‫‪~~. 35-58.‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪1.,~0110.310,‬‬ ‫‪(7011(,.0/ 0/ €/~((,.1((//‬‬ ‫‪/),.11/~5.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫~~‪~01‬‬ ‫‪5~1111~~1-~~113~,‬‬ ‫‪1985.‬‬

‫‪378‬‬
 ‫‪6. ~.‬‬ ‫‪)).‬‬ ‫‪1.3/10311, ~0(1/1(11)~ ~011(70/.‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~~~ ~0(/(~ ~3(~~1 ))~/(/(~(,‬‬ ‫‪1/1~., 1979.‬‬
‫‪7.‬‬ ‫‪1-1. 1.~-1-111~, ~.‬‬ ‫‪~~((~(,‬‬ ‫‪3/10 )). ~0~~,‬‬ ‫(‪..~1~(0~(0~~880‬‬ ‫‪~0/1((01 01 3 ~11((~/1(-1~0 5~/1-‬‬
‫‪~0(0/10118‬‬ ‫‪1110(0( 0(1.,,~.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪/‬‬ ‫‪/110/,/5(7)/ ~/1/1/1~(1(10115 50~1€()/ ~0111€7€11~€ ~€~070,‬‬ ‫‪1980,‬‬
‫‪~~. 562-569.‬‬
‫‪8. ~. 13(1~/(~~00~,‬‬ ‫‪..~1~(0~(0~~880(-038~0‬‬ ‫~‪303~11.,,‬‬ ‫‪8~~~0‬‬ ‫(‪3/10 ~081110/1 ~0/1((0110‬‬ ‫‪~1~~-‬‬
‫‪((1~310(1.,,~8.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪/‬‬ ‫‪/110/,/5(7)/ ~/1/1/1~(1(10115 50~1€()/‬‬ ‫‪~0111€7€11~€ ~€~070,‬‬ ‫‪1984,‬‬ ‫‪~~. 411-‬‬
‫‪417.‬‬
‫‪9.‬‬ ‫‪1(. ~383(0,‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~3/10,‬‬ ‫‪1. 1(31111~3/13, 3/10 5. ~3/10,‬‬ ‫‪..~1~(0~(0~~580(-038~0‬‬ ‫‪.,,~~(0( ~0/1((01‬‬
‫(‪8~8(~11110( 1/1011~110/11110(0( 0(1.,,~8 ~1(0 (0(0‬‬ ‫‪11111~~0/15(3/1( 10~/11111~3(10/1.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪/‬‬ ‫‪77(1115-‬‬
‫‪(1~/1011 011 /110/,/5(7)/ ~/1/1/1~(1(10115, ~0.‬‬ ‫‪1~22,‬‬ ‫‪~0. 3, 1986, ~~. 453-459.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪10.‬‬ ‫‪5. 1(. 1318~38, 5. 530(13/(111113(,‬‬ ‫‪3/10 1. ~1(03~3(011,‬‬ ‫‪..1-11~0 ~111~1~/1~~ 01(~~( (0(~11~ ~0/1((01‬‬
‫‪5~0~111~ 10( ~511~0‬‬ ‫‪1/1011~110/11110(0(.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪/‬‬ ‫‪/110/,/5(7)/ ~/1/1/1~(1(10115 50~1€/)1 ~0111~7€11~€‬‬
‫‪~~~070,‬‬ ‫‪1986,‬‬ ‫‪~~. 216-221.‬‬
‫‪11.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~(3830,‬‬ ‫‪1. ~.‬‬ ‫‪1.1/1083~,‬‬ ‫‪3/10 ~.‬‬ ‫‪1-1. ~38010,‬‬ ‫(~(~‪..~3(3111‬‬ ‫~‪~8111113110/1 3/10 0~/131111‬‬
‫~~‪~~(10(1113/1‬‬ ‫‪01 ~~(1113/1~/1( 1113~/1~( 8~/1~0(0/10118‬‬ ‫‪1110(0(8.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪/‬‬ ‫‪/110/,/5(7)/ ~/1/1/1~(1(10115‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪50~1€/)1 ~0111€7€11~€ ~€~070,‬‬ ‫‪1985,‬‬ ‫‪~~. 627-633.‬‬
‫‪12.‬‬ ‫‪1. 1. ~. ~111~(,‬‬ ‫(~((~‪..~0/1.,,‬‬ ‫~(~~‪.,,01(-3111‬‬ ‫‪(~~111(~111~/1(8 01 (0~ 8~1(~0~0‬‬ ‫(‪(~111~(3/1~~ 1110(0‬‬
‫‪0(1.,,~.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪/‬‬ ‫‪/110/,/5(7)/ ~/1/1/1~(1(10115 50~1€()/‬‬ ‫‪~0111€7€11~€ ~€~070,‬‬ ‫‪1984,‬‬ ‫‪~~. 813-819.‬‬
‫‪13.‬‬ ‫‪~. ~3/1~,‬‬ ‫‪)). ~. ~0.,,01/1~,‬‬ ‫‪3/10 1. ~. 1.1~0, ..~/1 311(01113(~0 (0(0( 11111~~0/15(3/1( 111~38-‬‬
‫‪11(~111~/1( 8~8(~11110( 1/101(~~111~10 0(1~/1(~0 0(1.,,~8.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪/‬‬ ‫‪/110/,/5(7)/ ~/1/1/1~(1(10115 50~1€()/‬‬
‫‪~0111€7€11~€ ~€~070,‬‬ ‫‪1986,‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫‪140-146.‬‬
‫‪14.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪1((180/13/1 3/10 ~. ~1113~, ..5~/18111.,,1(~ 3/131~818 3/10 ~0111~3(180/1 01 ~3(3111~1~( ~0111~~/1-‬‬
‫‪83110/1 8~0~111~ 1/1 .,,~~(0( ~0/1((011/1011~110/1 1110(0( 0(1.,,~8.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪/‬‬ ‫‪/110/,/5(7)/ ~/1/1/1~(1(10115‬‬
‫‪50~1€/)1 ~0111€7€11~€ ~€~070,‬‬ ‫‪1986, ~~. 155-161.‬‬
‫‪15.‬‬ ‫‪13. 1(. 1308~, ..51101/1~ 11100~ ~0/1((01‬‬ ‫‪011/1011~110/1 1110(0(.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪/‬‬ ‫‪/110/,/5(7)/ ~/1/1/1~(1(10115‬‬
‫‪50~1€/)1 ~0111€7€11~€ ~~~070,‬‬ ‫‪1985,‬‬ ‫‪~~. 479-486.‬‬
‫‪16.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫~‪51111(0, ..5(311‬‬ ‫‪5~0~(01118‬‬
‫‪/~~, ~01. 124, 1977, ~~. 557-565.‬‬
‫‪8~8(~111 011/1011~110/1‬‬ ‫‪111010( 8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0/1((01.,,‬‬ ‫‪,,70~€€011185‬‬

‫‪11-1.‬‬ ‫(‪~113‬‬ ‫‪3(~ (0~ (~~~8 011/1011~(10/1‬‬ ‫‪1110(0(87‬‬

‫‪11-2.‬‬ ‫(‪~03‬‬ ‫‪18 3 8~/1~0(0/10118‬‬ ‫‪8~~~07‬‬
‫‪11-3.‬‬ ‫(‪~03‬‬ ‫‪18 3 811~ 011/1011~110/1 1110(0(87‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪11-4.‬‬ ‫(‪~03‬‬ ‫~(‪18 3 811~ 1(~~11~/1‬‬ ‫‪011/1011~110/1 1110(0(87‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪11-5.‬‬ ‫(‪~03‬‬ ‫‪18 (0~ 811~ 3( 8(3(11/1~ 011/1011~110/1 1110(0(87‬‬

‫‪11-6.‬‬ ‫(‪~03‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 10~ (0(~11~-8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~03(3~(~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪011/1011~110/1 1110(0(87‬‬

‫‪11-7.‬‬ ‫(‪~03‬‬ ‫‪3(~ .,,300118 111~3/18 10( 8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~0/1((01‬‬ ‫‪011/1011~(10/11110(0(87‬‬

‫‪11-8.‬‬ ‫(‪~03‬‬ ‫‪3(~ (0~ 30.,,3/1(3~~8‬‬ ‫‪01.,,01(8/0~((2‬‬ ‫‪~0/1((017‬‬

‫‪11-9.‬‬ ‫(‪~03‬‬ ‫‪18 3 038~ 1(~~11~/1~~ 011/1011~110/1 1110(0(87‬‬
‫‪11-10.‬‬ ‫(‪~03‬‬ ‫‪3(~ (0~ 30.,,3/1(3~~8‬‬ ‫‪01 ~11((~/1( ~0/1((017‬‬

‫‪379‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪11-11.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪15 5~313. ~0111.017‬‬
‫‪11-12.‬‬ ‫‪~/13115‬‬ ‫‪~~~10.‬‬ ‫‪~0111.017‬‬
‫‪11-13.‬‬ ‫‪~/13115‬‬ ‫~~‪303~6‬‬ ‫‪~0111.017‬‬
‫‪11-14.‬‬ ‫‪~/13115‬‬ ‫‪3 5136~ 1(.3111~.‬‬ ‫‪0.1~~7‬‬
‫‪11-15.‬‬ ‫‪~/13115‬‬ ‫‪3 5136~ 5~/1~.01115 0.1~~7‬‬
‫‪11-16.‬‬ ‫‪~/13115‬‬ ‫~‪3 11~10-~~3/(~11111‬‬ ‫‪11100~ 01111011~11011 111010.7‬‬
‫‪11-17.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪3.~ 1/1~ ~11~~15 011.~().11~11~~ ~0111.01 01111011~6011 111010.57‬‬
‫‪11-18.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪3.~ 1/1~ 30~31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪011111)( ~0111.017‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪11-19.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪3.~ 1/1~ ~3.10115 1~~~5 01 5~11~/1.0110115 111010.57‬‬
‫‪11-20.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪15 1/1~ 10.().11~ 311~1~ 01 5~11~/1.0110115 111010.57‬‬
‫‪11-21.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪3.~ 1/1~ 0111~.~11~~5 0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪5311~111-~01~ 111010.5 3110 .~111~1311~~ 111010.57‬‬
‫‪11-22.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫~‪3.~ 1/1~ 0111~.~11~~5 0~1~~~115311~111-~01‬‬ ‫‪111010.5 3110 ~~.111311~111-1113~11~1111010.57‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪11.23.‬‬ ‫‪~/13115‬‬ ‫‪3 ~1111-011110.().11~ 01 5~11~/1.0110115 111010.57‬‬
‫‪11-24.‬‬ ‫‪~/13115‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 513.1111~ 10.().11~ 01 5~11~/1.0110115 111010.57‬‬
‫‪11-25.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪3.~ 1/1~ 10.().11~-5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~/13.3~1~.1511~5‬‬ ‫‪01 5~11~/1.0110115 111010.57‬‬
‫‪11-26.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪3.~ 1/1~ ~-~11.~~5‬‬ ‫‪01 5~11~/1.0110115 111010.57‬‬
‫‪11-27.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪3.~ 1/1~ 30~31113~~5‬‬ ‫~~‪01 ~0113~~-5011.‬‬ ‫‪111~~.1~.-1~0‬‬ ‫‪0.1~~57‬‬
‫‪11-28.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪3.~ 1/1~ 30~31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 01530~31113~~5‬‬ ‫~~‪01.~111~1311‬‬ ‫‪111010. 0.1~~57‬‬
‫‪11-29.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪3.~ 1/1~ 30~31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 01530~31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪01 ~~.111311~111-1113~11~1111010.57‬‬

‫~‪11-1. ~ 1/1.~~-~/135‬‬ ‫~‪460-‬‬ ‫‪60-1-12 ~1~/11-~01~ ~-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪111011~6011111010.‬‬ ‫‪/135 ~5 = 0.08‬‬

‫‪0,‬‬ ‫‪~~ = 0.1 0,‬‬ ‫‪%5 = 0.62‬‬ ‫‪0,‬‬ ‫‪%~ = 0.920,‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~,,,‬‬
‫‪= 6.7 0.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 110-1030 1055,‬‬
‫‪1100 1030 = 300~.‬‬ ‫‪~1 3 111010. 5~~~0 01 850 .~111, 115~ 1/1~ 3~~(0)(111131~ ~().111~31~111‬‬
‫‪~1.~1111111 ~1~. 11-2 10 0~1~.111111~ 1/1~ (3) 5~11~/1.0110115 5~~~0, ().)5~(/)) 511~, 5~ (() 111~111‬‬
‫‪~11..~111, /.~ (().) 111~111~0~~.,‬‬ ‫‪11.~ (~) 111~111~0~~.‬‬ ‫~‪13~10. 011/1~ 511~~1~, ~~5~ (1) ~3‬‬
‫‪~0~~.,‬‬ ‫‪118~ (~) .010. ~0~~~.1055,‬‬ ‫‪11~~~(11) 51310. ~0~~~.1055,‬‬ ‫‪11$~~(1) 0~~~10~~010.().11~,‬‬
‫‪10~ 0) ~111~1~11~~~ (/(.) 513.611~ .010. ~11..~111, /~$~ 3110 513.611~ 10.().11~, 15~ (1) 511~ 10.‬‬
‫~‪1113)(11111111110.().11~,5,,,~ (01) 1113)(111111111111010.111‬‬
‫‪0~~~10~~0‬‬ ‫‪10.().11~, 1 ,,,,,,~ 3110 (11) 1113)(-‬‬
‫~~‪111111111.~~~.36‬‬ ‫‪0~~~10~~0‬‬ ‫‪10.().11~, 1,,,~.‬‬
‫‪11-2.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~.00.‬‬ ‫‪11-111‬‬ ‫‪~$ 15 11~~11~101~.‬‬
‫‪11-3.‬‬ ‫‪= 1.020,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~.00.‬‬ ‫~‪11-1111/1‬‬ ‫‪111010. /135 1~0 ~01~5 3110 1/1~ ~3.3111~1~.5‬‬ ‫‪3.~ ~$‬‬
‫‪~~ = 0.35 0, %5 = 0.72 0, %~ = 1.08 0, 3110~,,, = 60 0.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 110-1030105515‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1100 1030‬‬ ‫‪= 70 ~ 3110 1/1~ .010. 5~~~0 15 3450 .~111.‬‬

‫‪11-4.‬‬ ‫‪~ 1/1.~~ ~/135~ 460- ~ 60-1-12 51)(-~01~ ~-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪111011~6011111010.‬‬ ‫‪/135 ~$‬‬ ‫‪= 0.320,‬‬
‫‪~~ = 0.18 11, %5 = 1.04 0, %~ = 1.60,‬‬ ‫‪3110 %,,, = 18.8 0.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫‪110-1030‬‬ ‫‪1055,‬‬
‫‪1100 1030, 15 11~~11~101~. 1/1~ 1030 10.().11~, ~/11~/115 ~.0~0.60113110‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪5().113.~0,‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪180 ~.111 311180 .~111.‬‬ ‫~‪111/1~ 111010. 5~~~015 950 .~111, 0~1~.111111~ 1/1~ (3) 1030 10.().11‬‬
‫‪0~1113110, 1~~ (/)) .010.‬‬ ‫‪~11..~111, /~~ (() 51310. 511~~1~ ~0113~~, ~.~ (().) 111010. 111~111‬‬
‫~‪~11..~111, /.‬‬ ‫)~(‬ ‫‪111010.111~111‬‬ ‫‪~0~~.,‬‬ ‫‪11.~ (1) 511~ 10(1113)(111111111~11..~111, 5.~ (~) 1113)(111111111‬‬
‫‪.010.‬‬ ‫‪~11..~111, /~(,,,~)~ (11) 5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪(11113)(111111111.010.‬‬ ‫~‪~11..~111, ().).~ 3110 (1) 10.().11~ 311/1‬‬
‫‪1113)(111111111‬‬ ‫‪~11..~111,‬‬ ‫‪1..‬‬

‫‪380‬‬
 ‫‪11-5.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪11-411~,‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪18 11~~11~101~.‬‬
‫‪11-6.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫~‪11-411111‬‬ ‫‪111010( 11381011( ~01~8 3110 111~ ~3(3111~1~(8‬‬ ‫‪3(~ ~5 = 0.250,‬‬
‫‪~~ = 0.140,‬‬ ‫‪%5 = 0.7 0, %~ = 1.050,3110‬‬ ‫‪%,,, = 20.6 0.‬‬ ‫‪111~1030 10(().11~18121‬‬
‫‪~.111 311765‬‬ ‫‪(~111.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111010( 8~~~018‬‬ ‫‪1525‬‬ ‫‪(~111.‬‬
‫‪11-7.‬‬ ‫(‪~ 111(~~-~1138~ 460- ~ 60-1-12 81)(-~01~ ~ -~01111~~1~0 ~011110-(010‬‬ ‫~‪111011~11011111010( ~1108‬‬
‫‪8~~~018‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0111(011~0 0~ 811~ ~0‬‬ ‫~‪38 8110~11111 ~1~. 11-631138111‬‬ ‫~‪10110~111~ ~3(311131~(8‬‬
‫‪~$‬‬ ‫‪= 0.11 0, ~~ = 0.090,‬‬ ‫‪%$ = 0.4 0, %~ = 0.60,3110‬‬ ‫‪%,,, = 11.6 0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111(118‬‬
‫‪(3110 01111~ (010( 10 81310( ~1110111~8 18 /1,,, = 1-/~/1-/5 = 0.9.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111011~1311~~ ~,/ 18‬‬
‫‪,,,~(~ 13(~~ 3110 118 ~11((~111, 1,/, 1138 11~~11~101~ (1~~1~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ,,,3111~8 01 ~$, ~~, %,, 3110‬‬
‫‪%~ 10( 111~ ~().111,,,31~111~1(~1111 111~1~. 11-2 ~311 0~ ~011810~(~0‬‬ ‫‪11~~11~101~ ~0111~3(~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪111~ ~11~~11,,,~ 1111~~0311~~ 01 ~,/.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 110-1030 108818 275~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030 10(().11~, ~111~11‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪18 ~(0~0(110113110‬‬ ‫‪8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪8().113(~0, 18 455 ~.111 311175‬‬ ‫‪(~111.‬‬ ‫‪(3) 11111~ 111010( 1138 10‬‬
‫‪0~~(31~ ~1111 3 111111111111111‬‬
‫‪8~~~0 01750 (~111, 0~1~(111111~ 111~ (~8181311~~,~.‬‬ ‫‪~111111118‬‬
‫)~( ~‪,,,3111~ 01~, 11111~ 0~81(~0 8~~~018 950 (~111, ~31~11131~ 111~ (1)) 111011~10( ~11((~111, 1,/‬‬
‫(~~‪((() 0~ ,,,0113~~, ~,/~ (~) ~111~1~11~~~ 3110 (1) 111~111~0‬‬
‫~(‪0111~ ~~~1~ 01111~ ~110~~~(, /‬‬
‫~‪13~10( 01111‬‬ ‫‪0(1,,,~,‬‬ ‫‪~~$.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪11-8.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪11-7 11111~ 111111111111111‬‬
‫‪8~~~018‬‬ ‫‪650 (~111.‬‬
‫‪11-9.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪11-7 11111~ 111010( 1138 ~1~111 ~01~8 3110 111~ 111010( ~3(3111~1~(8‬‬ ‫‪3(~ ~$‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪0.08 0, ~~ = 0.1 0, %5 = 0.62 0, %~ = 0.92 0, 3110~,,, = 6.7 0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 110-1030‬‬
‫‪1088 18 1100 (030 = 300~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030 10(().11~, ~111~1118~(0~0(110113110 8~~~0, 18 604‬‬
‫‪~.111 31 885 (~111. 111~ 111010( 113810 0~~(31~ ~1111 3 111111111111111‬‬
‫~‪8~~~0 01 650 3110 111‬‬
‫‪0~81(~0 8~~~0 18 750 (~111.‬‬
‫‪11-10.‬‬ ‫(‪~ 111(~~-~1138~460- ~ 60-1-12 81)(-~01~ ~-~01111~~1~0 ~011110-(010( 111011~11011111010‬‬
‫~‪~1108‬‬
‫‪8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪18 ~0111(011~0 0~ 3 81311~ 1((3111~( 0(1,,,~ 38 8110~11111 ~1~. 11-60‬‬ ‫‪1138~ ~$‬‬ ‫‪= 0.11‬‬
‫‪0, ~~ = 0.09 0, %5 = 0.4 0, %~ = 0.60,‬‬ ‫‪%,,, = 11.6 0.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 111(118(3110 01111‬‬
‫(‪(010‬‬ ‫‪10 81310( ~1110111~8 18 /1,,, = 1-/~/1-/$ = 0.9.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111011~1311~~, ~,/, 18 ,,,~(~ 13(~~ 3110‬‬
‫‪118 ~11((~111, 1,/, 1138 11~~11~101~ (1~~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ,,,3111~8 01 ~5, ~,, %$, 3110 %~ 10( 111‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪~().111,,,31~111~1(~1111111 ~1~. 11-2 ~311 ~ ~011810~(~0 11~~11~101~ ~0111~3(~0 10 111~ ~11~~11,,,‬‬
‫‪1111~~0311~~ 01 ~,/.‬‬

‫‪31 3 8~~~0 01950‬‬

‫‪0(1,,,~, ~~$.‬‬
‫‪111~ 110-1030 1088 18 275~.‬‬
‫‪,,,0113~~ 10 811~~1~ ,,,0113~~ 18 /10 = 1-/)1-/~ = 0.5.‬‬
‫~‪111~ 111(118(3110 01111~ ~011,,,~(1~( 3‬‬
‫~‪11111~ 111010( 18 (~().111(~0 10 0~~(31‬‬
‫)~( ~‪(~111, ~31~11131~ 111~ (3) 111011~10( ~11((~111, 1,/~ (1)) 0~ ,,,0113~~, ~,/‬‬
‫(~~‪0~13~ 311~1~ 01111~ ~011,,,~(1~(, ~~ ((() ~111~1~11~~~ 3110 (~) 111~111~0‬‬
‫‪111~ 1030 10(().11~, ~111~1118 ~(0~0(110113110‬‬
‫~‪13~10( 01111‬‬
‫‪8~~~0 8().113(~0, 18 455 ~.111 31‬‬
‫‪1175‬‬ ‫‪(~111.‬‬
‫‪11-11.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪11-10‬‬ ‫‪10( /10 = 0.9.‬‬
‫‪11-12.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪11-10‬‬ ‫(~~‪~101111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪13~10( 3~311181111~ 111(118(3110 /10.‬‬

‫‪11-13.‬‬ ‫~ (‪~ 111(~~-~1138~ 56-/‬‬ ‫‪3560-(~111‬‬ ‫~‪460- ~ 60-1-12 1~0-~01‬‬ ‫(‪~ -~01111~~1~0 111011~11011111010‬‬
‫~‪1138 111~ 10110~111‬‬ ‫~‪~3(3111~1~(8‬‬ ‫‪~$‬‬ ‫‪= 0, ~~ = 0.180,‬‬ ‫‪%$ = 0.13 0, %~ = 0.20,3110‬‬
‫‪%,,, = 11.4 0.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 111010( 18 ~0111(011~0 0~ ,,,3(~111~ 111~ 811~~1~ 1(~().11~11~~. 11111‬‬
‫‪0(~3/(00~11‬‬ ‫‪10(().11~ (~().111(~111~11118 160 ~ .111, ~31~11131~ 111~ (3) 811~~1~ 1(~().11~11~~, 3110‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(1)) 8~~~0, 00,,,.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪11-14.‬‬ ‫‪11 ~5 = 0.07 0 3110 111~ 1(~().11~11~~ 18 ~11311~~0 1(0111 60 1-12 10 40 1-12 111 ~(00.‬‬ ‫‪11-13,‬‬
‫‪0~1~(111111~ 111~ ~11311~~ 1110(~3/(00~11‬‬ ‫‪10(().11~.‬‬
‫‪11-15.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111010( 111~(00.‬‬ ‫‪11-13‬‬ ‫~‪18 ~0111(011~0 0~ 3 ~011813111 ,,,0118/11~(12 (3110 ~0((~8~0110111‬‬
‫‪10 111~ (31~0‬‬ ‫‪,,,0113~~ 3110 (31~0‬‬ ‫‪1(~().11~11~~.‬‬ ‫‪~31~11131~ 111~ (113)(11111111110(().11~,1,,,, 3110‬‬
‫~‪111~ ~0((~8~0110111‬‬ ‫‪8~~~0,‬‬ ‫‪00,,,, 10( 811~~1~ 1(~().11~11~~ 01 (3) 601-12,‬‬ ‫‪3110 (1)) 30 1-12.‬‬
‫‪11-16.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪11-15‬‬ ‫‪11 ~$ 18 0.2 0.‬‬
‫‪11-17.‬‬ ‫(‪~ 111(~~-~1138~ 40-11~ 880-(~111 60-1-12 ~1~111-~01~ ~-~01111~~1~0111011~11011111010‬‬ ‫~‪1138111‬‬
‫~‪10110~111~ ~3(3111~1~(8‬‬ ‫‪~$‬‬ ‫‪= 0.19 0, ~~ = 0.220,‬‬ ‫‪%$ = 1.2 0, %~ = 1.80,3110‬‬ ‫‪%,,,‬‬

‫‪381‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪= 13 0.‬‬ ‫~~~~‪10.~ 110-10(10105515 11~~11~101~. 10.~ 111010~ 15 ~0111~011~0 0~ (1 ~~~~~111-50‬‬
‫‪111~~~1~~ (1110 10.~ 11111~1~~~~~11115 111(11111(1111~0‬‬
‫‪~01151(1111(11 50~.‬‬ ‫‪1110.~ 1~~().~~11~~ 15‬‬
‫‪40 1-12 (1110 10.~ 0~~~1011~0 10~().~~ 15 200 ~.111, 0~1~~111111~ 10.~ (3) 5111110~ 111(1)(1111~111‬‬
‫‪10~().~~, 5,,,, (1110 111(1)(1111~11110~().~~, 1,,,~ (/)) 51111,5~ (~) ~010~ 511~~0, (0,,,~ ((() 1~~111111(11‬‬
‫‪~011(1~~ 11~~ 110.(15~, 1/0~ (1110 (~) 110~~~ 13~10~, ~~~,.‬‬
‫‪11-18.‬‬ ‫‪~~11~(11 ~~00.‬‬ ‫‪11-17‬‬ ‫‪111~~().~~11~~ 15 80 1-12.‬‬
‫‪11-19.‬‬ ‫~‪~ 10.~~~-110.(15~ 460-~ 60-1-1210-1101~ ~-~01111~~1~0 ~~11110~1~(11~010~ 5~11~0.~0110~5111010‬‬
‫~~‪0.(15 (1 5~11~0.~0110~5 ~~(1~1(111~~ 01 %, = 0.8 0 11~~ 110.(15~ (1110 10.~ (1~111(11~~~~~5151(111‬‬
‫= ‪15 11~~11~101~. 10.~ 10(10 10~().~~, ~0.1~0.1511~0110~11011(1110 10.~ 511~~0 5().~(1~~0, 15 11-‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1250 ~.111 (11 720 ~11111. 10.~ 110~~~ 1(1~10~ 15 111(11111(1111~0‬‬ ‫‪(110.8 1(1~~111~0~ 11~10 ~0111~01‬‬
‫~~‪(1110 10.~ ~011(1~~-10-1~~().~~11~~ ~(16015 /(~111 ~01151(1111(1110.~ ~(11~0 ~(11~~. 1110.~ 111~~~1‬‬
‫‪1~~().~~11~~ 15 451-12 (111010.~ 111010~ 511~~015 540 ~11111,~(11~~1(11~10.~ (3) 10.~ 11111~1~011(1~~,‬‬
‫)~( ‪1/0~ (/)) (1~111(11~~~~~~~~111, /0~ (~) ~)(~11(16011 ~011(1~~, 1//~ ((() 10~().~~ (111~1~, 0~ (1110‬‬
‫‪11~11-0~110~().~~,‬‬ ‫‪1,,.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪11-20.‬‬ ‫~(‪~ 10.~~~-110.(15~ 230- ~ 60-1-12 40-/‬‬ ‫‪~1~0.1-1101~ ~-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪5(111~111-1101~5~11~0.~0110~5‬‬
‫‪111010~ 0.(15 %,) = 2.5 0 (1110 %4 = 0.4.‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ (1~111(11~~~~~5151(111~~15 11~~11~101~. 1110.‬‬
‫‪111010~ 011~~(11~5 ~110. (111 11111~1110~~~ 01 25 /(~ (11 (1 1~(10111~ 110~~~ 1(1~10~ 01 0.86,‬‬
‫‪0~1~~111111~ (3) 10~().~~ (111~1~, 0~ (/)) ~)(~11(16011 ~011(1~~, 1/6 (1110 (~) 10~().~~, 1,/.‬‬
‫‪11-21.‬‬ ‫‪~ 10.~~~-110.(15~ 230- ~ 60-1-12 10-1101~ ~-~01111~~1~0 ~~1~~1(111~~ 111010~ 0.(15 %,) = 18.5 0‬‬
‫‪(1110 %4 = 3 0.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ (1~111(11~~~~~5151(111~~ 15 11~~11~101~. 10.~ 10(10 10~().~~, ~0.1~0.15‬‬
‫‪11~0110~6011(1110 511~~0, 15 11~ = 12.5 ~.111.‬‬ ‫~~‪10.~ ~0113~~-10-1~~().~~11‬‬ ‫‪~(160 15 111(1111-‬‬
‫~‪1(1111~0 ~01151(1111(1110.~ ~(11~0 ~(11~~. 1110.~ 5~11111~1~~().~~11~~ 15 60 1-12, 0~1~~111111~ 10.‬‬
‫‪(3) 10~().~~ (111~1~, 0~ (/)) 1111~~~~~~111, /0~ (1110 (~) 11111~1110~~~ 1(1~10~, ~~,,,.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪382‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(~~‪~~ 113~~ 8~~0 10 111~ ~(~~1008 ~113~1~(8 11131 ~0‬‬ ‫‪8~1111~0000~10( 0100~8 ~13~ 3‬‬
‫‪81~0111~301 (01~ 10 ~0~~( ~1~~1(001~8 ~1(~0118. ~ 0100~ 3~18 38 3 8~11~11 10 ~~(10(111‬‬
‫‪~3(1008 100~11008, 80~11 38 1(~~~11~~110~ 10 8~11~1110~ (~~01310(8, ~113(~~ (~~~(831 01‬‬
‫‪~3~3~110( 300 ~0~(~~ 1(3081~( 0~1~~~0 ~0111~00~018 10 111~(1810( ~01111110131100 ~1(-‬‬
‫‪~0118, 180131100 10 00081 (~~01310(,‬‬
‫‪800(~~, 300 1(3~~~0 ~0~(~~ (~~0~~(~.‬‬
‫(~~‪~0~(~~ 1~~003~~ 1(0111 111~ 1030 10 111~ ~0‬‬
‫‪111~ 0100~8 3(~ 3180 08~0 10 (~~1111~(8.‬‬
‫(~~‪~111100~11 ~0‬‬ ‫‪0100~8 3(~ 3880111~0 38 10~31 8~11~11~8 10 ~3(11~( ~113~1~(8,‬‬
‫‪~(3~11~31 0100~8 0111~( 1(0111 111~ 10~31 ~113(3~1~(1811~8 300 113~~ ~~(1310 1111111311008.‬‬
‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪0100~8 3(~ 81111113(10 1-711-)00~1100 81~031 0100~8.‬‬ ‫(~~‪1-10~~~~(, 111~ ~0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0100~8 113~~ 13(~~( ~0~~(-,‬‬ ‫~‪~0113~~-, 300 ~0((~01-11300110‬‬ ‫‪~3~3011111~8 11130 11131 01‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0(0103(~ 81~031 0100~8.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1(~().0~0~~ (~8~008~ (0( 8~11~1110~ 8~~~0) 18 10~ ~0111-‬‬
‫‪~3(~0‬‬ ‫‪10 81~031 0100~8.‬‬

‫~‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪18 3 1~0-1~(11110311-711-)00~1100‬‬ ‫~~‪0~~1‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪31-711-)00~1100‬‬ ‫~‪18 00(111311‬‬
‫‪10(111~0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪3110~10~,‬‬ ‫‪011108100,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪~~113)(131‬‬ ‫‪~(0~111.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪11100~(0‬‬ ‫‪~001(01‬‬ ‫‪1~~11-‬‬

‫‪383‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪,,‬‬ ‫‪,,‬‬
‫‪+ -‬‬ ‫‪+ -‬‬
‫‪...1~0..~ 12-1‬‬ ‫~‪~~-)1.1/1~110/1 3/10 0100‬‬
‫‪5~/11001.‬‬

‫‪01()0~510‬‬ ‫‪01((05100‬‬ ‫‪3.00 ~11113.~13.111(0~~55~511~((0115‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~51(~0‬‬ ‫~~‪0~~1‬‬ ‫‪~11(1((1~1~(1511~50‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~(‪~1~0‬‬ ‫‪12-1‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5~~1100(11‬‬ ‫~~‪~1‬‬ ‫‪0( (1 )711-100~1100‬‬ ‫‪(100 0100~ 5~(0001.‬‬
‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (1000‬‬ ‫‪1101~011(1115‬‬ ‫‪1105111~~ ~1111 (~511~~1 10 111~ ~(111100~,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0100‬‬
‫~‪15 5(110 10 0‬‬ ‫‪(0(~(1(0‬‬ ‫‪01(15~0‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0100‬‬ ‫‪~0000~15.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪~0000~110‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪11(15 (1‬‬
‫~‪(~1(111~~1‬‬ ‫‪5(0(111 (0(~3.(0‬‬ ‫~‪~0113.~~ 0(011 (1~(055 11~ (100 111~ (0(1~01100‬‬ ‫‪0( 11115 0(011‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~0010‬‬ ‫‪0~11~00‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (0(100((1~10(10‬‬ ‫‪11(0~~55 (100 1~(011~((110(~0‬‬ ‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~(111100‬‬
‫~~‪1101~011(11151105111‬‬ ‫‪~1111 (~511~~110‬‬ ‫‪111~ (1000~,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0100‬‬ ‫~‪15 5(110 10 0~ (~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪01(15~00‬‬
‫(~‪000‬‬ ‫‪(~~~(5~-01(15~0‬‬ ‫‪~000111005,‬‬ ‫~‪(1 5(0(111 (~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪((1150 ~00~0‬‬ ‫~‪(15 /~(1/((18‬‬
‫‪~1(,.,.~110‬‬ ‫~~‪10 111~ (3.0‬‬ ‫‪0( (01~(0-‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫~(~‪(011113.(011‬‬ ‫‪(10~5‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫~~‪11115 1~(1~(1‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪10-‬‬
‫‪~(~(15~5‬‬ ‫~‪510~1‬‬ ‫~‪10 (0(1~01100‬‬ ‫~‪~1111111‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(5‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪00111111‬‬ ‫(~‪(1~(11(10~11~ 0( 2~0‬‬
‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪15 (~(1~11~00‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~0‬‬ ‫‪12-2‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 51~3.0~-51(11‬‬ ‫(‪1)-‬‬ ‫‪~11(1((1~1~(1511~5‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪0100~0‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪10 (1 (0(~(1(0-01(15~0‬‬ ‫‪100~1100‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫(‪15 00~ 10 111~ 0~1 ~((~~1 0‬‬
‫~‪(0(110(11‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫~‪(0100(11‬‬ ‫‪~(1((1~(50‬‬ ‫~~‪00‬‬ ‫~‪(1 0100‬‬ ‫‪15 10 (1 (0(~(1(0‬‬ ‫‪~0000~1100‬‬ ‫~‪(000‬‬
‫‪(100 111~0 115 (0(~(1(0‬‬ ‫‪~0((~0115‬‬ ‫‪(~00~~0‬‬ ‫‪10 2~(0‬‬ ‫(‪(00~ 10 111~ 0(110((11 0~11(1~10( 0‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫~‪0100~ ~1(~011 0( 0~ (111111~10~ (1 (~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~),‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0100~ ~001100~5‬‬ ‫‪10 ~0000~1‬‬ ‫~‪00‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪10 111~ (0100(11‬‬
‫(‪~0000~10‬‬
‫‪~(1((1~(5 ~111~11 (~(0(110‬‬

‫‪((111~ 0( 111~ 0100~.‬‬

‫‪1100‬‬ ‫‪0100~5‬‬
‫‪(0(11~(1(110‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫~(‪~1~0‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~1111011110511~ ~11(1(~~5 (100 10 0~ 0~01((1112~00‬‬
‫‪12-3 5110~5 1~0‬‬
‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬
‫~‪(0100(11‬‬

‫‪111~ 50(1‬‬
‫‪510(~0‬‬
‫‪~(1((1~(5‬‬

‫~(~~‪(~~0‬‬
‫~(‪1~11~ 15 (00‬‬
‫‪10 111~ )711-100~1100‬‬
‫~(‪(~()01‬‬
‫~‪1111511(0‬‬
‫~‪(~~~(5‬‬

‫‪~0(0(000.‬‬
‫‪(1 ~~(1(110‬‬
‫~‪(100 111~ 001‬‬
‫~‪11(0‬‬ ‫~‪10 (~~0(0010‬‬
‫‪15 ~(111~0 111~ ,.~1/~,.5~ ,.~~01/~,.)1‬‬
‫~(~~‪(~~0‬‬
‫(‪~11(1((1~1~(1511~5 0‬‬
‫‪100~-‬‬
‫~‪111~ (~~~(5‬‬
‫‪5~(01-‬‬

‫~(~~‪(~~0‬‬ ‫‪11(0~ 15 0~001~0‬‬ ‫‪(15 (__ (100 15 (0~(150(~0‬‬ ‫‪((0(0‬‬

‫~‪111~ 10111(11 2~(0 ~(05510‬‬ ‫~‪0( 111‬‬
‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪10 25%‬‬ ‫‪0( (0(1~1(00(0‬‬ ‫~‪(0( 11~(1~) (~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01,‬‬ ‫__(‬ ‫‪~0051515‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬
‫‪/~~0‬‬
‫‪1~0 ~0(01100~015,‬‬ ‫‪(0 (100 (/10 (0 15 00~ 10 111~ ~11(1(~~ 510((1~~ 10 111~ 0~111~1100 (~~100‬‬
‫‪0( 111~ 100~1100‬‬ ‫‪(100 (~11(~5~015‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11(0~ 0~1~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 2~(0 ~(05510‬‬ ‫~‪(100 111~ 11~(1‬‬
‫~‪(~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01,‬‬ ‫‪/~~0‬‬ ‫~‪(/1 15 00‬‬ ‫(‪10 111~ ~11(1(~~ 510((1~~ 10 111~ 001~ 5~(01~0000~10‬‬
‫‪(0(11~(1(110‬‬ ‫‪111~ (3.110 (/1/(015 ~00~0‬‬ ‫‪3.5111~ 50/(11~55 /(1~(0,., 8~0‬‬ ‫‪~0( 11((1~11~(11110(1105~5,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪384‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫~~~ ‪0.25‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪011~ 11~~0 0~ ~011~~(11~0‬‬ ‫~‪~1111111‬‬ ‫‪101(11 (~~0~~()111(11~,‬‬ ‫~‪(~~, (1110 111~ ~(110~ 0~ 111~ ~~(1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪(~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111,‬‬ ‫‪18,8,.‬‬

‫) ‪(12-1‬‬

‫~‪111~ ~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111‬‬ ‫‪~(111 0~ ~)(~(~88~0‬‬ ‫~‪111 (~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪0.//0.( (18‬‬

‫‪0./‬‬
‫‪18,8,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪(,,.‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫)‪(12-2‬‬

‫~~‪111~ 810((1‬‬ ‫‪~11(1(~~ ~111~1118‬‬ ‫‪111~ (1(~(1 ~11~108~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1111‬‬ ‫‪~(1111 0~ 111~ (~~0~~()1‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111‬‬

‫‪18 (1~~(0)(1(11(11~1)1‬‬

‫)‪(12-3‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫)‪(12-4‬‬

‫‪8~0(11111~ 8~. (12-2) 10 8~. (12-4) ~1~~8‬‬

‫‪2(28,8,‬‬
‫=‪(~~(,,‬‬ ‫)‪(12-5‬‬
‫(‪0.//0.‬‬

‫)‪(12-6‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪18,8,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫(‪~2(28,8,0.‬‬
‫‪0./‬‬
‫)‪(12-7‬‬

‫‪11 ~(111 0~ 11011~~0‬‬ ‫‪~(0(11 8~8.‬‬ ‫)‪(12-6‬‬ ‫)‪(1110 (12-7‬‬ ‫~‪111(11 111~ (~~~(8‬‬ ‫~‪(~~0~~()111(11‬‬ ‫‪(1110‬‬
‫~‪111~ ~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111‬‬ ‫‪0~~~110‬‬ ‫~~‪011 111~ 810((1‬‬ ‫~‪~11(1(~~ (1110 111~ (~~~(8‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫‪(~(1~-‬‬

‫‪58~. 12-2‬‬ ‫‪385‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫)‪()11~0‬‬ ‫‪~1/~(.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪810(3‬‬ ‫~~(‪~03‬‬ ‫‪18 0~()~110~111‬‬ ‫~‪011 10‬‬ ‫‪10(~3(0‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111, 1~.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(‪()~31‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪(~~0~~()1‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111,‬‬‫~‪18.8., (~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪~03(~~,‬‬ ‫‪(28.8., 3110 10~ 801111~88‬‬
‫(‪13~10‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 311 011111~(~8110‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~1(~1.111 0~81~11~(,‬‬ ‫‪3110 10~8~ ()3(301~1~(8‬‬ ‫‪3(~ ~001010111)1‬‬
‫‪111~11.10~0 111 10~ 8()~~111~311011‬‬ ‫‪80~~18‬‬ ‫‪01 0100~8.‬‬
‫~‪11 3 0100‬‬ ‫‪18 111 3 (~~~(8~-0138~0‬‬ ‫‪~0110111011,‬‬ ‫~~‪3 1~31(3‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111110~8‬‬ ‫~‪01.1~ 10 10‬‬
‫‪011110(11)1 ~3((1~(8.‬‬ ‫‪10~11‬‬ ‫‪10~ 3()()11~311011‬‬ ‫‪0110(~3(0‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫~~(‪10‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 0100‬‬
‫‪10 ~3(()1‬‬ ‫~‪~1.1((~111 111 10‬‬ ‫‪10(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪01(~~11011.‬‬ ‫‪110~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪11 (~()1.11(~8‬‬ ‫‪3 ~~(13111‬‬ ‫~‪1101‬‬
‫~‪1(110~11 3810,.)11(1,.‬‬ ‫‪,.~~011~,.)1‬‬ ‫)‪(0,. (/1,.11-011‬‬ ‫~(‪(1111~ 0~10‬‬ ‫‪311 10~ 013)0(11)1‬‬ ‫‪~3((1~(8‬‬ ‫(~~‪0‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~001‬‬ ‫~‪)1.111~11011 ~311 ~0111(101.11‬‬ ‫~‪10 10‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 110~.‬‬ ‫~‪1110‬‬ ‫~‪(31‬‬ ‫~‪01 (18~ 0110‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪10(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 18 01~0‬‬ ‫‪3110 10~ 10(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 18 ~011~~111(31~0‬‬ ‫‪10 3 801311 3(~3‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫~‪10~ )1.111~11011, 10‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪013)11311.‬‬ ‫~‪101.18 10‬‬ ‫‪10(~3(0‬‬ ‫~‪(~~0~~()11101‬‬ ‫~‪1101118 10‬‬ ‫~‪(31‬‬
‫~‪01 (18~ 0110‬‬ ‫‪10(~3(0‬‬ ‫~‪~1.1((~111 3110 10~ 8~11~0111‬‬ ‫‪8()~~0.‬‬

‫~‪~~301))1‬‬ ‫‪12-1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~(~~‪111~ (~~~(8~ (~~0‬‬ ‫~‪6111~ 01 (1 0100~ 18 (~~ = 3 ~8 (1110 111~ ((11~ 011(111 01111~ 0100‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111 18 (),/()( = 30 ~/~8.‬‬ ‫(‪0~1~(111111~111~ ((1) 810((1~~ ~11(1(~~, (28.8., (1110(0) 11~(1/‬‬
‫‪(~~~(8~ ~1.1((~111, /8.8..‬‬

‫‪8011.111011 (~~ = 3 ~8 (1110 (),/ ()( = 30 ~/ ~8.‬‬

‫‪((1) ~(0111 ~(). (12-6),‬‬

‫‪1 (),‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬

‫= ‪(28.8.‬‬ ‫‪(~~ = 0.5‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪10-6‬‬
‫~~ ‪= 135‬‬
‫~‪2‬‬
‫‪(0) ~(0111 ~(). (12-7),‬‬

‫~‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪/8.8.‬‬ ‫=‬
‫~‬ ‫‪2(28.8.‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪= ~2‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪135‬‬ ‫()‬
‫~ ‪30 = 90‬‬

‫~‪10~311)1, 3 0100‬‬ ‫~‪8001.110 03~~ 110 (~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪(~~0~~()11101~.‬‬ ‫‪110~~~~(,‬‬ ‫~‪013111.113~11.1(111‬‬

‫~‪~081 01 81.1~0 3 0100~ ~01.110 111~(~38~. 111 01311)1 3()()11~3110118, 10~ ~11~~18 01 (~~~(8‬‬
‫‪(~~0~~()11101~ ~01.110 1101 0~ 81~11111~3111,3110 111~)(()~1181~~0100~8 ~311 0~ 1.18~0. 0~-‬‬
‫~‪()~110111~ 011 10~ (~~0~~()1 ~03(3~1~(1811~8 3110 013111.113~11.1(111‬‬
‫(~~‪1~~0111()1.1~8, 10~ ()0‬‬
‫‪0100~8 ~311 0~ ~1388111~0 11110 10(~~ ~31~~0(1~8.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~03(3~1~(1811~8 3110 ()(3~11~31‬‬
‫‪110111311011801 ~3~0 1)1()~ (~81(1~1 10~1( 3()()11~3110118.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪1. 5131103(0 0( ~~11~(31-()1.1(()08~ 0100~8‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪2. ~381-(~~0~~()1‬‬ ‫‪0100~8‬‬

‫‪3. 5~00111()1 0100~8‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~~11~(31-()1.1(()08‬‬ ‫(~‪(~~1111‬‬ ‫‪0100~8‬‬ ‫~~‪113‬‬ ‫‪(~1311~~1)1‬‬ ‫~‪111~0 (~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪(~~0~~()1‬‬ ‫‪1101~,‬‬
‫~(‪1)1()1~311)1 25 /-18, 3110 3‬‬ ‫‪1.18~0 11110~-8()~~0‬‬ ‫‪3()()11~3110118,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫~‪(~~0~~()11101‬‬ ‫‪18 1101‬‬
‫‪~(111~31 (~.~.,‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪(~~1111~(8‬‬ ‫~‪10( 10‬‬ ‫‪1(~()1.1~11~)11.1() 10 11(112‬‬ ‫‪3()()11~3110118‬‬ ‫‪3110 1111~-‬‬
‫‪~001011.1131~0‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(8).‬‬ ‫~‪10~8‬‬ ‫‪0100~8‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 (31111~8 1(001‬‬ ‫~ ‪1~88 10311 1‬‬

‫‪386‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪...1~..‬‬ ‫‪12.4‬‬ ‫~~~‪111151-~~~0...‬‬
‫‪0100~5.‬‬ ‫‪(~01./,(~5)1‬‬ ‫‪0/ ~0~~,~~,‬‬ ‫)‪1/1~.‬‬

‫‪10 5~.,,~(31111011531105‬‬ ‫‪01 3(11~~(~5,‬‬ ‫~~‪~1111 .,,0113‬‬ ‫~ ‪(31111~5 1(0(11 50‬‬ ‫‪10 3(011110‬‬ ‫‪5 /(~.‬‬
‫~‪111~5‬‬ ‫‪0100~5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~~11~(311)1‬‬ ‫‪(113111113~111(~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 01111151011.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~.,,~(,‬‬ ‫‪(110)1~0 1)1~~5‬‬
‫‪01 (~~1111~(5‬‬ ‫~(‪~111~11 3‬‬ ‫~‪115~0 111 ~~10111‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪511~~11~5 3(~ (11051 ~051-~11~~11.,,‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬

‫~‪(11~~~0‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~1( (31111~5 ~311 ~0 11~ 10 300‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪3110 1000‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬

‫~(‪3‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪111~ 1351-(~~0.,,~()1‬‬
‫(~~~‪115~0 111 ~110‬‬
‫‪~(111~31‬‬
‫‪1111110(~05‬‬
‫‪1(11~0(1311~~.‬‬
‫‪01 3(11~~(~5,‬‬
‫‪0100~5‬‬

‫~‪111~5‬‬
‫~‪113.,,~ 10‬‬
‫(~‪3110 111.,,~(1‬‬
‫‪0100~5‬‬
‫~~‪~1111 .,,0113‬‬
‫‪(~~0.,,~()111(11~,‬‬
‫‪~1(~11115, ~11~(~ 111~ 5~~~0‬‬
‫‪~0.,,~( ~11((~111 (31111~5‬‬
‫~ ‪(31111~5 1(0(11 50‬‬
‫‪110((11311)11~55‬‬ ‫‪111311 5‬‬
‫‪01 (~~0.,,~()115‬‬

‫‪10 3(011110‬‬ ‫‪3 /( ~.‬‬

‫‪5.‬‬
‫‪011~11 01‬‬
‫‪1(0(11 1~55 111311 1 ~ 10‬‬
‫‪111~)1‬‬

‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~~‪.,,0113‬‬ ‫~‪(31111~5 300.,,‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪1351-(~~0.,,~()1‬‬ ‫‪0100~5‬‬

‫‪3(~ ~~11~(311)1 (1130~ 0)1‬‬
‫~‪01111151011 3110 111~ (~~0.,,~()111(11‬‬ ‫‪15 ~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 ~13111111(11 0( ~010 01111151011.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬
‫~~‪.,,0113‬‬ ‫~‪(31111~5 0~10‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪~~113)(131‬‬ ‫‪0100~5‬‬ ‫~‪~(0.,,10‬‬ ‫(~‪1351‬‬ ‫‪5~11~11111~ 5~~~05‬‬ ‫‪111311‬‬
‫~‪11131 01111‬‬ ‫‪0111115~0‬‬ ‫‪0100~5.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~~113)(131‬‬ ‫‪0100~5‬‬ ‫~‪113.,,~ 3 113((0‬‬ ‫~‪035‬‬ ‫‪~10111,‬‬ ‫‪(~-‬‬
‫~‪51111111~ 111 3 1351 (~~0.,,~()111(11‬‬ ‫~‪01 35 10‬‬ ‫‪35 50 115.‬‬ ‫‪~351-(~~0.,,~()1‬‬ ‫‪0100~5‬‬ ‫‪01.,,3(10115‬‬
‫~(‪512~5 3‬‬ ‫‪5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪12-4.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~~(‪111~ ~113‬‬ ‫~~‪510(3‬‬ ‫‪~(001~(11‬‬ ‫‪01 3 ~11-)1111~11011 ~311 0~ ~11(1111131~0 (0( (111111(1112~0) 111‬‬
‫‪3 5~11011/()1‬‬ ‫‪0100~.‬‬ ‫‪11 15 3~~0(11~11511~0‬‬ ‫(~‪0)1 5~11111~ 11~ 3 ..03((1‬‬ ‫‪~01~111131,,‬‬ ‫‪~1111 3‬‬

‫‪~01113~1‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪3 (11~131 3110 3 5~(111~011011~10(.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪13)1~( 01 (11~13115 0~~0511~0‬‬ ‫‪011‬‬
‫(~‪3 111111~~113)(13113)1‬‬ ‫~~‪0111-1)1‬‬ ‫‪5111~011.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~01~111131‬‬ ‫(~‪03((1‬‬ ‫(‪51(1111131~5 111~ 0~113.,,10‬‬

‫‪01 3 ~11-)1111~11011.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~.,,~(,‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~~111)1111~ 3~11011 0~~~1105‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ (113)0(11)1‬‬ ‫‪~3((1~(5‬‬
‫‪0(11)1,311035‬‬ ‫~(~‪3 (~51111111‬‬ ‫‪15110 ~)(~~55 (111110(11)1 ~3((1~(510‬‬ ‫‪(~~0(110111~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~~0.,,~()1‬‬
‫‪~11~~115‬‬ ‫‪011~ 501~1)110‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 5~11-~3~3~11311‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫(‪5~(111~011011~10‬‬ ‫‪)1111~11011.‬‬

‫‪58~. 12-3‬‬ ‫‪387‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪...1~..~ 12.5‬‬ ‫‪20-300‬‬ ‫‪30-~111~ 01131‬‬
‫‪5~0011/(~ ~~01~( (~~11~1~(5. (~0/1,(~5()1 0/‬‬
‫)‪//1(~,/1(1(/0/1(1/ ~~~(///~,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪10~ (~~0~~(~0‬‬ ‫‪~03(~~ 01 3 5~0011~~ 0100~ 18 11111~01~88 1030 1031 01 30 ~()111~-‬‬
‫‪31~01 )711-1110~1100 0100~.‬‬ ‫‪510~~ 11 18 011~ 001~ 10 10~ 1110~1100 ~3113~1130~~, 11 18‬‬
‫~‪13(~~1~ 100~11~00~01 0110~ (~~~(8~ 0.1/0.(. ~ 5~0011~~ 0100~ 038 3 (~1311~~1~ 10‬‬
‫‪10(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~ 0(011.‬‬
‫‪10~ 1~3~3~~ ~11((~01 01 3 5~0011~~ 0100~ 18 01~0~( 1030 1031 01 3 )711-1110~1100‬‬
‫‪0100~.‬‬ ‫‪~ 5~0011~~ 0100~ ~110 (~1311~~1~ 10~ ~00011~1100 ~0113~~ 038 (~1311~~1~ 01~0‬‬
‫‪1~3~3~~ ~11((~01, 300 ~1~~ ~~(83.‬‬ ‫‪~8 3 (~81111, 118 1113)(111111111‬‬
‫‪3110~301~ ~0113~~ 18‬‬
‫‪1111111~010 100~.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~11((~01 (3110~8 01 5~0011~~ 0100~8 ~3(1~8 1(0111 110 300 ~.‬‬
‫‪10~ 5~0011~~ 0100~8 3(~ 10~3110( 01~0-~11((~01 300 10~-~0113~~ 0~ 110~~( 811111111~8.‬‬
‫(~~‪1-10~~~~(, 10~~ 3(~ 3180 118~0 10 10~-~11((~01110‬‬ ‫‪811111111~8‬‬‫‪10( 10~(~38~0 ~111~1~0~~.‬‬
‫‪1~~01~-‬‬ ‫~‪300 30-‬‬ ‫~~‪01131 5~0011‬‬ ‫‪(~~1111~(8 3(~ 800~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~. 12-5.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪10~ 8~1111~00011~10( 0100~8 3(~ ~03(3~1~(12~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 10~ 111301113~111(~(8 10 1~(1118 01‬‬
‫‪~~(1310 11~(10(11130~~ 113(3111~1~(8. 10~ 0~81~0~( 0~~08 10 0~1~(11110~ 10~ ~0((~~1‬‬
‫‪8~1111~00011~10( 0100~ 10 111~~13 ~1~~0 (~()111(~111~01.‬‬ ‫(‪10~8~ 113(3111~1~(8 3(~ 000110~3‬‬
‫‪300 0~11~00~01 00 3 0111110~( 01 13~10(8.‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 111301113~111(~(8 00(111311~ 11(0~10‬‬
‫‪~03(3~1~(1811~ ~11(~~8 10( 1111110(1301113(3111~1~(8, 10 10~ 10(111 013 0313 80~~1.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~11‬‬
‫‪12-6 800~8 10~ 0313 80~~1 01101~(03110031 ~~~1111~( (1~) 0100~~ 300 ~,‬‬ ‫‪800 ~,‬‬
‫‪1~11~~23~~.‬‬ ‫‪~1~11(~ 12-6.1 (~1~(8 10 ~11(~~ 0111110~(110 ~1~. 12-6.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪,~1.0.,‬‬ ‫‪19((1~9..81‬‬ ‫‪9, ,.../.‬‬ ‫~~‪1) 18 10~ 3~~(3‬‬ ‫(~~‪1~11111~(3111(~ 0‬‬ ‫~‪10~ ~001‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1110~1100. 1)(003~) 18 10~ 1113)(1111111111110~1100‬‬

‫‪1~11111~(3111(~1031 3 0100~ ~30 ~11081300‬‬
‫‪~1100111 131110~ 011~ 10 10~(11131 (110~3~.‬‬ ‫‪1018 18 3 ~~(~ 1111110(1301 113(3111~1~( 300‬‬
‫‪101111~0~~8 10~ (3110~8 01 010~( 113(3111~1~(8. 10~ (30~~ 01 1) 18 1~111~311~ - 40 10‬‬
‫~(~‪1250~, ~0‬‬ ‫‪1/(003~) 18 1250~.‬‬ ‫‪11 3 0100~ 18 011~(31~0 0~10~ 118 11110111111111‬‬ ‫‪1111111‬‬
‫‪(~.~.,‬‬ ‫‪-400~),‬‬ ‫~‪10~ ~(~813181(11~111(~ 0110‬‬ ‫(~‪8111~00 ~31‬‬ ‫‪1113~ 0~ 1(3~111(~0.‬‬

‫‪510..899‬‬ ‫‪19((1~9..81‬‬ ‫‪9, ,..5~9.‬‬ ‫‪15(8 0~110~8 10~ (30~~ 011~11111~(3111(~ ~11010‬‬
‫~‪~01~0 3 000~00011~110‬‬ ‫‪0100~ ~30 0~ 810(~0 300 1(308110(1~0.‬‬ ‫‪11 18 1~111~311~ - 40‬‬
‫‪10 1500~.‬‬

‫‪388‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~23~~ 5~~~~5‬‬
‫~~~~~ ‪800-600 ~0(.,,.5‬‬
‫‪~~~~~5~ ~~~0~~~.,. ,.~,.,~ 0.9118‬‬
‫~‪300 ~,.,~ ~~~ ...0~~~.,. ~...‬‬
‫‪50~,. ~~5,. ~~~0~~~.,. ~~~,.~~~~~ ()~0()~5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(..,‬‬
‫~‪~,,.,..‬‬ ‫)‪...~~. ..,~ - (-.,,‬‬ ‫‪..,~-‬‬
‫‪,..,.‬‬ ‫‪~... ,..~. ~..~ ,..~...8.‬‬ ‫‪~... 00,.....,..~. ~...‬‬
‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫‪80(8 ~1...~~ ..,0~~~.‬‬ ‫‪......,...88‬‬ ‫‪~~~88.‬‬

‫‪,,,‬‬ ‫‪1,,, ..‬‬ ‫~‪~0 ~01250‬‬

‫~‪.....) -‬‬ ‫~‪10 ,250‬‬

‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬ ‫‪7..‬‬

‫~(‪~...~1‬‬ ‫~‪..‬‬ ‫‪0..1,.5‬‬ ‫‪,.011=5‬‬

‫~‪1‬‬ ‫‪......,,~~100 ~.~.,..~...,..‬‬ ‫‪-40 10 125‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬

‫‪810..~.‬‬ ‫‪~.~....~,..‬‬ ‫‪-40 10 150‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬

‫‪1...‬‬

‫)‪1~(.....,‬‬ ‫‪~.)0.. ...,.‬‬ ‫‪0,,,,.,..,,1‬‬ ‫‪3..‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪18()0 ~.~,. .1...8 ....,.‬‬

‫(‪. ..... 1‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬

‫)~(~‪1‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫‪~0...,.,..,,1‬‬ ‫‪47.‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪,,,‬‬
‫‪,....‬‬ ‫‪~... ~..~ 00,,....,..~.‬‬ ‫‪5~% .,.~,‬‬ ‫‪~~0~..1,,. ....,.‬‬ ‫~‪1,,.~~.~ 1.. ,250~. ,..1‬‬

‫‪,2,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪....,.~. 0...,.,..,,1‬‬

‫‪..... 121 0.~~1 ~11,‬‬

‫‪498.‬‬

‫‪52..‬‬

‫‪59..‬‬
‫‪6180‬‬

‫‪124‬‬

‫‪113‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪6~.1 ....~, 0)-0~. .1.... ......‬‬

‫‪5002 ....~, 0)-0~. 81,,. ......‬‬

‫‪60~% ....~, 0~0~. 81,,. ....,.‬‬

‫~‪1=,‬‬

‫‪1 = 8.3.‬‬
‫‪..,~....‬‬

‫‪...0~1.8.‬‬
‫~‪~~~1.‬‬‫‪.,1.... .......,....‬‬

‫‪1,,111.~ 1,,, .. 12~(. ,..0‬‬

‫‪.,~,. ......8..‬‬
‫~‪~~~1‬‬

‫~‪1,,111.~ ,... .. 1260(. ....1-.1 ..,..,. .~~~.‬‬

‫‪......8..‬‬
‫‪.(1.,,‬‬

‫‪....2.‬‬
‫‪1,,,‬‬ ‫‪1,,111.1 ,.... ., 1250~. ,,0‬‬ ‫~‪~~188..~~1‬‬ ‫‪.(1.,.‬‬
‫‪175‬‬ ‫‪1088‬‬
‫‪....,.~..‬‬
‫‪18.‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬ ‫_‪8.3‬‬
‫=‬
‫~‪,2‬‬ ‫‪..... 12~ 08.,80,~1~)0‬‬ ‫‪1750‬‬ ‫‪....2./0‬‬ ‫‪1111~1.~ ..... .. 1250~. 110‬‬ ‫‪~~~~8‬‬
‫‪..,()~1.~ .(~8,. ...,.88.‬‬
‫‪12~ (0,. ~1_ ~. .. 1~ .‬‬ ‫‪~.. 0.1.5..~..5.. 1088.‬‬

‫)(~~ (~‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪~~11~1~ (0,.~.‬‬ ‫)‪4450(1000‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫~‪1‬‬

‫‪...1~11..~ 12-6‬‬ ‫‪03(3‬‬ ‫‪511~~( ~0~ 1~ 0100~,‬‬ ‫‪(~()~ ~23~10.‬‬ ‫‪(~0/1,(~$)1 0/ 1/1(~,/10(10/10/‬‬
‫)‪~~~(1/1~,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪~01~.~.,‬‬ ‫‪~~01()~..8~(.8..~,‬‬ ‫‪,.,4.‬‬ ‫~‪1~ 15 111~ 1~111~~((1111(~ 0~ 111~ ~00110‬‬ ‫‪111~0111111‬‬

‫‪(100 15 111~(1511(~0 ~1111 (1 111~(1110111~1~( ~105~ 10 111~ 0100~ 00 111~ 11~(11 510~.‬‬

‫~‪~85‬‬ ‫‪~~01()~..8~(.8..~,‬‬ ‫‪,.~.‬‬ ‫~‪1 ~ 15 111~ 1~111~~((1111(~ (11111~ ~(15~, 00(111(111)1 (11 111‬‬
‫~‪0(15~ 0~ 111~ 0100‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪11 ~(10 0~ 111~(1511(~0 ~1111 (1 111~(1110~011~1~.‬‬

‫~‪5..,‬‬ ‫‪~~01()~..8~(.8..~,‬‬ ‫‪,.5.‬‬ ‫~‪15 15 111~ 1~111~~((1111(~ 0~ 111~ 11011~51 5~01 00 111‬‬
‫‪11~(11 510~.‬‬

‫‪58~. 12-4‬‬ ‫‪389‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~23~~ 5~~~~5‬‬
‫~~~~~ ‪800-600 ~0...,.5‬‬

‫~~‪~~~.,.‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪,,...‬‬ ‫‪....‬‬ ‫‪(1~115‬‬ ‫‪1~51 ~0~1.,.10,.5‬‬

‫‪.,.‬‬ ‫‪~..~ ,0,..,,8~ ...0(~~8‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪1.50‬‬ ‫‪1.63‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪1,,,~18~ 1..‬‬ ‫~~‪~250~. 50-6‬‬ ‫~‪....1( 510., 1~.8‬‬
‫‪= 9404.‬‬
‫‪,,,~(.,.0)1 1.0.-1......1‬‬ ‫‪,,,‬‬
‫‪0.962‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫~‪,250‬‬
‫‪(....,......0‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪---‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1..‬‬ ‫‪,,,‬‬
‫)‪,,,~(,..0‬‬
‫‪1...... ~0.8,.‬‬ ‫)‪1-=(,.,,,‬‬ ‫‪+ ..~ .‬‬ ‫‪(1~(~/45))2‬‬
‫‪...~(,.0)2‬‬ ‫~‪..,~~~......‬‬ ‫~~‪~...,..8...0‬‬ ‫‪1.30‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪---.‬‬
‫‪068 10. ~8...8~.,.~0.6 (0,-‬‬
‫‪..,‬‬ ‫~‪~.....1....8‬‬ ‫‪..8.15‬‬ ‫‪~.,,~8‬‬ ‫‪0.657‬‬
‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪---‬‬ ‫‪1~.5.‬‬ ‫)‪~..8~.0 11=(~....‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪,.2‬‬ ‫‪..1~~1.....~ ..8816~.,,~.‬‬ ‫‪---‬‬ ‫‪0.353‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪.,.‬‬ ‫‪11.....,.5...8~0.,,8,.-1‬‬ ‫‪~1....‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(‪.......50,,,/‬‬
‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪0..‬‬ ‫‪---‬‬ ‫‪1..)= 250~. 1~,,, 75~.‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫~~‪01~0~ = 2‬‬ ‫‪(0.. 81,,080108~ ~0~8..‬‬
‫()‪..8.. 8~,(1‬‬ ‫‪1.1‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-----‬‬
‫‪.,,‬‬ ‫~‪~.......88 ..8~0...8..‬‬ ‫_‪~1‬‬

‫‪....... 60((1.‬‬ ‫‪2.20‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪1... = 1250~.‬‬
‫‪,,,‬‬ ‫‪11=~= 75~.‬‬
‫‪...‬‬ ‫~‪01,(0‬‬ ‫~‪2~)./5 (0.. 5,,,060108‬‬ ‫‪~018..‬‬
‫()‪..6.. 80((,‬‬ ‫‪2.50‬‬
‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪..5.. 1=.~~0..‬‬ ‫)‪(1=~~8‬‬

‫()‪.......60,.(1‬‬ ‫‪0.59‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪---‬‬
‫‪~~~..8..‬‬
‫‪60((1.‬‬ ‫‪0.56‬‬ ‫‪---‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪1. , 1~,‬‬
‫‪1~(~~)~.....8..88‬‬ ‫~‪~0,.,.8,,‬‬ ‫‪,1‬‬ ‫‪~1.‬‬ ‫‪...~0‬‬
‫‪.. .‬‬
‫‪.......60,.,.1.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫~~‪~,‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫‪..8..‬‬ ‫()‪6~(,.,‬‬
‫‪---‬‬ ‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪~~1‬‬
‫‪0/1/1‬‬

‫‪0..‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪1,.,‬‬
‫~‪~-==0~8,.8‬‬

‫‪~88..‬‬ ‫‪,........,..88‬‬
‫‪~~8,.~8‬‬

‫()‪..~.. .,,,,,.,‬‬

‫()‪..8.. 8~,.,.1‬‬

‫~‪()0,.,.80‬‬
‫‪--‬‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪----‬‬

‫‪---‬‬

‫‪--‬‬
‫‪--‬‬
‫‪37‬‬

‫‪4.‬‬
‫‪35‬‬
‫‪,.,‬‬

‫‪...‬‬ ‫)‪1.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪1250~.‬‬
‫~‪1,, = 1. + 1‬‬

‫‪,..8)(, ,.8~801/~.‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬
‫)~~‪,/1~ (/1‬‬

‫‪~~~.1~,..~8,...8~ ,.861.1.80~8.‬‬ ‫‪0.09‬‬ ‫‪,.,,..‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0~8,.81.100. 000~(8 8108 ()00~80.‬‬

‫‪.100()1.10,,-1.0-~888‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫‪0.09‬‬ ‫‪,.,,..‬‬ ‫‪18/)0 8108 ........ 0000~8 8100 ()00~80.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪---‬‬
‫‪,.,,..‬‬ ‫‪12()0 ,.8~1.8~0~8,. .......... 000~~8 .108 ()00(80.‬‬
‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪0.09‬‬

‫‪~1.0~5 ,....8,....8~,.88,81.80()8.‬‬ ‫‪0.05‬‬ ‫‪,.,,..‬‬ ‫‪(091.9.80,.(.08 8~01.0. ,.~81. 800 9,.88680. 5109~8 8108‬‬
‫‪0888-1.0-6,,,..‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~0,.0000~8 8108. 01...108...8~080)02.‬‬
‫‪000180.‬‬

‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪..1901-‬‬ ‫)‪57(2.0‬‬ ‫)‬

‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪9(0~.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~88. 51.~~8‬‬ ‫~‪00-20‬‬ ‫~~)(~‪.1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪../..,0~1.00-10-~8591~9,..,,8‬‬ ‫‪,.95.5180~9,‬‬ ‫‪~~/1./~.‬‬ ‫‪~10.1~ 18 10~ ~11~~11~~ 10~(11131‬‬

‫‪(~818130~~ 0~1~~~0 10~ 1110~1100 300 10~ 0111~( ~38~ 0~ 10~ 0~~1~~.‬‬ ‫~(‪1118 3 111~3811‬‬
‫~‪0~ 10~ 0~31 1(308~~( (01111)1 0~ 10~ 11131~(1318 300 111~~0301~31 ~0081(11~1100 0~ 10‬‬
‫‪0100~~ 300 11 18 11811(11)18~~~1~1~0 10 00~.‬‬ ‫‪~1~11(~ 12-6.10‬‬ ‫‪800~8 10~ 10~(11131‬‬
‫‪1111~~030~~ 1100~( 1(3081~01 ~00011100.‬‬ ‫(~~‪~ ~(3~11~31 0100~ 038 3 ~1011~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪1088,‬‬
‫‪300 1018 ~01110 (318~ 10~ 1110~1100 1~111~~(3111(~. 10~ 1110~1100 1~111~~(3111(~ 18 111310-‬‬
‫‪1310~0 ~11010 118 1113)(111111111‬‬
‫‪~3111~ 0)11110110110~ 10~ 0100~ 10 3 0~31 810/(.‬‬ ‫‪1~ 111) 18‬‬

‫‪390‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~~‪~23‬‬ ‫‪5~~1~5‬‬
‫~~~~~ ‪800-600 ~01..,.5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪101‬‬
‫‪0.0‬‬

‫‪103‬‬
‫‪~-‬‬

‫‪0.5‬‬
‫‪-,,,.‬‬
‫‪~,-1‬‬
‫‪1_0‬‬
‫‪~8~.‬‬
‫‪/‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1.5‬‬
‫‪~/‬‬

‫‪2.0‬‬
‫‪~......‬‬

‫(‪1.) - 250‬‬
‫)‪1.‬‬
‫_‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫‪1~5,..~~1~~€0(.)5‬‬
‫(‪1250‬‬

‫‪2.5‬‬ ‫‪3.0‬‬
‫‪.0~~~~0‬‬
‫‪3.5‬‬
‫‪~01-185€‬‬
‫‪4.0‬‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪4.5‬‬ ‫‪5.0‬‬

‫‪~,9. 4 -‬‬

‫‪10,‬‬

‫‪103‬‬
‫‪~8)(. ~,,8~9.,, ...055 ~8~ ~(1~58 -‬‬
‫‪5.,,(150.~8~ ~81/810~~5‬‬

‫‪102‬‬ ‫‪102‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~3)(. ~,,8~9.,, ...055 ~8~ ~(1~58 -‬‬ ‫‪~.9. 6 -‬‬ ‫‪~3)(. ~,,8~9.,, ...055 ~8~ ~(1~58-‬‬
‫‪~.9. 5 -‬‬
‫‪~~3~8~0,~31 ~31/810~~5‬‬ ‫‪~~8~8~0.~8~ ~31/810~~5‬‬

‫‪...1~0..8 12-6‬‬

‫‪391‬‬
‫‪56~. 12-4‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~23~~ 5~~~~5‬‬
‫~‪800-600 ~0(.,.5 ~~~6‬‬

‫‪100‬‬

‫‪90‬‬
‫)‪~.‬‬
‫~~~‪.~.= ,.‬‬
‫(‪1250‬‬
‫~‪1,.‬‬
‫‪120‬‬
‫‪110‬‬
‫=~ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪125~0‬‬
‫‪~.8. ,..,.~/0‬‬
‫(‬

‫‪,100‬‬ ‫‪750,,.‬‬
‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪1,.‬‬
‫‪%‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫‪~01..‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬
‫~‪~00‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪~~,..‬‬
‫‪~~60‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪~70‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~60‬‬
‫‪2008‬‬
‫‪~50‬‬
‫‪.0‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫‪,0‬‬
‫‪~30‬‬
‫‪~~30‬‬
‫‪~20‬‬
‫‪~~10‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪00‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫‪~,,.,.~ 0~ ~~~1.. 0,,. ,,.0~.,.~~0 ((.)~~~~,.‬‬ ‫‪~8,.( 0~ ,,.,,.1..1..‬‬
‫)~‪(-0~/0‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~//15‬‬ ‫‪0,,- ,,.0,,.~8,,.0 ((.),,.~(~,.‬‬ ‫)‪(-0~/01‬‬ ‫‪8//.)5‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬

‫‪90‬‬ ‫(‪. ~/~~12~,‬‬

‫~~‪.~. ,....‬‬
‫‪~/‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫(‪. ~/ ~~12~,‬‬
‫‪.,,..‬‬ ‫‪,..,.~/0‬‬
‫‪/ 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1,,./04‬‬ ‫~~‪75‬‬ ‫‪1,,-/04‬‬
‫‪~80‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪= 7508‬‬
‫‪~70‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬
‫‪~~60‬‬ ‫‪~....‬‬ ‫~‪400‬‬ ‫‪~4008‬‬
‫‪60‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~~0~.‬‬ ‫~~‪~10‬‬
‫‪~50‬‬
‫‪.0‬‬
‫‪~...‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫‪~~...‬‬
‫‪~30‬‬
‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬
‫‪,0‬‬
‫‪,,,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~~20‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫(‪~~,.‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬
‫‪0~ ,,.,,.1..1.. 0,,- ~0,,.~,,.~0‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫‪(()~~(14,.‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫~‪(-0~/01.‬‬
‫‪80‬‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫‪90‬‬
‫‪,,./~5‬‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬

‫)‪,,.,,.,./0 0,,- ,.81..1.. 0,,. ,,.0,,.~,,.,,.0 ((.),,.,,.~14.,. (-0~/01‬‬
‫‪80‬‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫‪90‬‬
‫‪8//.)5‬‬
‫‪100‬‬

‫‪,.../‬‬
‫=‬
‫(‪1250‬‬
‫)‪1..‬‬ ‫(‪1250‬‬
‫‪.,,..‬‬ ‫(~‪,..,.‬‬ ‫=‬
‫(~‪.8. ,..,.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0,.‬‬
‫‪-$. ~~~,..0,,.‬‬ ‫~~~‪-‬‬ ‫)~~‪(,,.‬‬
‫‪= 1~/13‬‬

‫‪392‬‬
 ‫‪~23~(= 5~~~~5‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~~~~~ ‪800-600 ~0...,.5‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫=~~‪51~80~ 51~,.(0 ....,8(..‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪~0.0801/1‬‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫‪10-‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪./‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬
‫‪10-‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫(‪-001.18(..‬‬ ‫‪510€‬‬ ‫=‪(00(..(0‬‬

‫(‪,‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪~~~~~1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~.9. 11 - ~0‬‬ ‫‪~8~81.1.~8 5()~98‬‬
‫‪~~9. 10‬‬ ‫~‪-1~8...5.8...11...8~~8‬‬ ‫‪~~~8~8...~8.‬‬ ‫‪~()~~8...1 ~81 95‬‬
‫‪...()...~1.0‬‬ ‫‪10-~858‬‬

‫~‪,.,,‬‬ ‫~‪1/0~,..4‬‬ ‫~‪~~01/(0‬‬ ‫~~‪,.1‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪~3‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫‪6‬‬
‫~‪~00‬‬ ‫~~‪1/‬‬

‫‪8001/‬‬

‫‪6001/‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫~‪~00‬‬

‫‪.4‬‬ ‫‪0.9//8‬‬

‫‪1.1//8‬‬
‫‪~~.‬‬

‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫‪~.. 18 ~~~1~81 8~ 250~.‬‬

‫‪~8.. ~.. 18 9..8.8,,~8~ 8~ 1250~.‬‬ ‫‪888 ~8/)1. 0( ~~8.8~~..18~1~8.‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪8.8..~18. (0. 8 (1.~1~. .1~~ ~..‬‬ ‫‪= 0.9//8.‬‬ ‫~‪1/‬‬ ‫‪= 6001/.‬‬
‫‪0~..‬‬ ‫‪88 ~3.4~6.4.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪01551~31~0 10 111~ 0100~,‬‬ ‫‪~~~1~ 15 ~)(~(~55~0‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪11 -‬‬ ‫~‪1‬‬ ‫)‪(12-8‬‬

‫~‪~~0.1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪/1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪105130130~0115‬‬ ‫~‪~35‬‬ ‫~(‪1~111~~(3111‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~31~11131~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 111~ 1(3051~01‬‬ ‫‪111~(11131‬‬
‫~~‪1111~~030‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪11115 15 015~1155~0‬‬ ‫‪10 5~~1100‬‬ ‫‪15-2.‬‬

‫~‪~858-10-5.11‬‬ ‫~‪1...8,..,,8‬‬ ‫‪,.85.51811~8,‬‬ ‫‪~1...~5.‬‬ ‫‪~~0.~.5 15 111~ ~11~~11~~ 111~(11131‬‬

‫‪(~515130~~ 0~1~~~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~35~ 300‬‬ ‫‪510~.‬‬ ‫‪115 ~3111~ 0~~~005‬‬ ‫~‪00 111~ 03111(~ 01111‬‬

‫‪393‬‬
‫‪58~. 12-4‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~23~-= 5~~~~5‬‬
‫~~~~~ ‪800-600 ~0...,.5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪41.27(1.625‬‬
‫‪0~,6.. ,.,~)(.‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫()‪3.56 (0.140) 0~,6.. ~0~.‬‬
‫‪1.83 (0.072) 0~~~ ~1~.‬‬
‫‪80.~ ~~05‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪~~€€~,6.6€‬‬
‫‪51~~~€‬‬
‫)‪1~,~ ~~~2‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~~,6.~€5‬‬

‫~‪/‬‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫~‪0~5...,6.~~€‬‬
‫~‪0~51,6.,.,~€‬‬
‫‪12.45 (0.490) ~~~.‬‬
‫‪0.77 (0.030) ~~~.‬‬
‫‪~0~(..,6.~€5‬‬

‫‪10.42 /0.410) ~,,.,.‬‬

‫)‪14.35 (0.565‬‬
‫)‪13.65(0.537‬‬

‫~‪~0...,0,,,..8 10 ..~0~~ 001.~...800-200‬‬

‫‪...~~()~,.,‬‬ ‫)‪~0,,. ~,, ...~~~~,.,.,.,.. 8,,~ (.,,~/188‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~01(.‬‬ ‫‪00...1~,.,€‬‬ ‫‪0~~~,.,$~0,.,8~0~ 0(~~~(5 ,.,,6.~0-=,6.~...0~(0‬‬ ‫‪~,.‬‬ ‫(‪(0~0,‬‬ ‫‪,,,6.‬‬
‫‪~ 1/,6.~.,. $1~6..11.,.‬‬ ‫‪-=~0,.,‬‬
‫‪7.. ..0...‬‬ ‫‪70 $.,.~7.0. 60.0. .1017.0. 0.7..,$.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~0..~ 12-6‬‬ ‫)‪(~011(111/,/~0.‬‬

‫‪01011111111~ 811(~(1~~ (~.~.,‬‬ ‫‪8010011111~88,‬‬ ‫‪~(~(18~).‬‬

‫‪~10~5‬‬ ‫‪18 ~)(.,(~88~0‬‬ ‫‪(18‬‬

‫~‪1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪~10~5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(12-9‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪,.~8‬‬ ‫‪,,8~ ...8585~881~8 015881/( ~0 8.,,~8881~,‬‬ ‫‪~~,,5./4.‬‬ ‫~(‪~105..4, ~111~1118 (1 01~(1811‬‬

‫(~~‪0~ 111~ 11~(111((1118‬‬ ‫‪(101111~ 0~ 111~ 11~(11 81111(, 0~1111~8 111~ (~~111(~0‬‬ ‫~~‪111~(01(11 (~8181(111‬‬
‫~(‪0~ 111~ 11~(11 81111( 10 110111 111~ 11111~11011 1~01.,~((1111‬‬ ‫‪~1111111 111~ 01(1)(1011101‬‬ ‫~‪110111 0‬‬

‫‪394‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~23~-= 5~~~~5‬‬
‫~~~~~ ‪1200-1000 ~0...,.5‬‬
‫‪~~~~~5~ ~~~0~~~~ ,.~...~ 1.0~8‬‬
‫~~~ ~~~~‪280 ~,.,~ ~~~ ~0‬‬
‫‪50-=,. -=~5,. ~~~0~~~~ ~~~~-=~~~ 0~00~5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(...‬‬ ‫‪.,,~-‬‬ ‫)‪(.,,‬‬
‫~‪~0....,..‬‬ ‫‪...~.‬‬ ‫‪...~-‬‬
‫‪....-‬‬ ‫‪~... ,.8~.‬‬ ‫‪~.8(,..~.,...‬‬ ‫‪..... (10~...~.‬‬ ‫~‪~..‬‬
‫)‪(,‬‬ ‫‪........... ..-0~~88.‬‬
‫‪800‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪,..~~ ...0~~~.‬‬

‫~‪1.1 = -‬‬ ‫~‪~0,250‬‬ ‫‪,...‬‬ ‫~‪2‬‬ ‫~‪~0,250‬‬

‫=‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪,200‬‬ ‫‪1300‬‬

‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪1000‬‬ ‫‪1100‬‬

‫‪...........‬‬ ‫~‪..‬‬ ‫‪0..1,.5‬‬ ‫‪-=5‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪~~10~0...‬‬
‫‪~.~....~~...‬‬ ‫‪-40‬‬ ‫‪~125‬‬ ‫‪.0‬‬

‫‪1...‬‬ ‫‪8~0..88. ~...,.,..~~,..‬‬ ‫‪-40 10 150‬‬ ‫‪.0‬‬

‫‪1,,,(.-..,) ..... ..... ~...,.,.....1‬‬ ‫‪280‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪18()0.,.~, .1.......,.‬‬

‫~‪. ......,.‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪.0‬‬

‫‪.‬‬

‫‪,2,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫)~(=‪1-‬‬
‫‪1....‬‬
‫‪~...‬‬

‫‪.....‬‬
‫‪.... ...08‬‬
‫~‪~~...,.,.....‬‬
‫‪~..)( 00,,....,..~.‬‬
‫‪0...,. ......‬‬
‫‪440‬‬

‫‪4775‬‬

‫‪.000‬‬

‫‪..80‬‬
‫‪....‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪508-8~...~,‬‬ ‫‪~,.~~..1.... ......‬‬

‫‪60.-%...~, 0,.0~. .1,... ...,,.‬‬

‫‪5~~ ...~, 0,...~. .1.... ......‬‬

‫‪600%...~, 0,.0~. .1,,. ......‬‬
‫‪1...111.~ ...,,,‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪1250~.‬‬ ‫_‪...1‬‬
‫‪~...~~.~~ 180 .(1... ....,.0..‬‬

‫‪1...111.~ ...... ,250~. ,,0‬‬

‫‪...0~1.0.‬‬
‫=‬
‫_‪~~~1‬‬
‫‪.,~,. ....,.~.‬‬

‫‪.....‬‬ ‫‪121 0.~.,,111,.‬‬ ‫‪114‬‬ ‫~‪1=,‬‬ ‫‪1,..111.~ 1.. 1~~.‬‬ ‫~‪,..‬‬ ‫~‪...‬‬ ‫_‪.~11‬‬ ‫‪.(1...‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪.,,....08.‬‬
‫‪104‬‬ ‫_‪1,., 8.3‬‬
‫‪,..2.‬‬
‫‪1.1088‬‬ ‫‪1...11181 1.1 12~~.‬‬ ‫‪...0‬‬ ‫_‪~1180. .~11‬‬ ‫‪.(1.,,‬‬
‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪......0..‬‬
‫‪147‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫_‪8.3‬‬
‫=‪-‬‬
‫~‪,2‬‬ ‫‪.....‬‬ ‫~‪1‬‬ ‫‪...~~1‬‬ ‫~~‪~1‬‬ ‫‪1610‬‬ ‫‪,..2-/8‬‬ ‫‪1/11~1.~ ,.... .. ,2~~. /10‬‬ ‫‪~~~.....‬‬
‫‪.~~1.6‬‬ ‫‪.1~.,. ...,,...‬‬
‫‪12~ ,0,. ~1_ ~. .. 12~ . .,,....‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪~~. ~1088.‬‬

‫)‪~(~~,‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪~.,/1~1/18 ,0,.0.‬‬ ‫)‪4460(1000‬‬ ‫‪~1(5‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪11(,,,3)()0 111~ (~()1.11(~0 ~(111.1~0~ ~1115.4 ~(1110~ 0~1~(01111~0 ~(001‬‬

‫‪15 -‬‬ ‫‪1.4‬‬

‫‪~1115.4‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(12-10‬‬
‫)‪111‬‬

‫‪~8)(.811(.8811‬‬ ‫‪8~9..899‬‬ ‫~‪10~8..‬‬ ‫‪~(.8‬‬ ‫‪9(11,‬‬ ‫‪~~(.6.,,,).‬‬ ‫‪/ /0(/0..~) 15 111~ 01(1)(1011.101 (1110~-‬‬
‫~~‪(101~ ~(111.1~ 0~ (1~~((1‬‬ ‫‪~0(~(1(0‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 (11 (1 5~~~1~1~0‬‬ ‫‪1~01~~((111.1(~0‬‬ ‫~‪111~5‬‬ ‫~(‪0(11(1 (1‬‬

‫‪58~0‬‬ ‫‪12-4‬‬ ‫‪395‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~23~~ 5~~~~5‬‬
‫~~~~~ ‪1200-1000 ~0...,.5‬‬

‫~~‪~4~1‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪,..,,..‬‬

‫‪-.‬‬ ‫‪0~1,..5‬‬ ‫‪,.~81 ~0~1,.10,..5‬‬

‫‪.,.‬‬ ‫‪~68~ ,0~8~0‬‬ ‫‪...0‬‬

‫(‬
‫‪~8~8‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1.60‬‬ ‫‪1.70‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪1(11~18~1,‬‬
‫=‬
‫~~‪250~. 50-60‬‬ ‫‪~81,.8108, 1~88~ 88~.‬‬
‫=‬
‫(‪~~(,..0)1 ~_~8...8‬‬ ‫‪0.977‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪1.‬‬ ‫~‪1250‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~~~86~0~0‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫=‬
‫~‪/1...... ~0.8‬‬ ‫)‪...~(,.0‬‬ ‫‪1~(,6,...)+ ,,‬‬ ‫‪(1~(~~))2‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪...~(,.0)2‬‬ ‫~‪~19~-~8...8‬‬ ‫‪~~~88~0~0‬‬ ‫‪1.280‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪0..‬‬ ‫‪~0.‬‬ ‫~‪18,,.8‬‬ ‫‪.,,8 ~086‬‬ ‫‪,0,‬‬
‫‪,,1‬‬ ‫‪~_~8...8(~8618~8(1~8‬‬ ‫‪0.787‬‬ ‫‪1~...‬‬ ‫‪~~~8~80‬‬
‫)‪1~1,6,...‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬
‫‪,,2‬‬ ‫~‪~190-~8...8‬‬ ‫‪~85,8~80~8‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪0.501‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪.,,‬‬ ‫‪~8...8~58 ~8~0...8‬‬ ‫‪,,,.‬‬
‫‪~~~1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫()‪1.,6,..5~,.(1‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1..‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1.) 250~. 1~=75~.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪...‬‬ ‫~~‪01~0~ = 2‬‬ ‫~‪(0,. 51(1~90108‬‬ ‫‪~~~58.‬‬
‫()‪,,8.. 8~,.,.1‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪.,,‬‬ ‫‪~8...8,..58‬‬
‫~‪,..8~0...8,..‬‬ ‫‪~1...8‬‬

‫()‪..,6,..50,,.,‬‬ ‫‪2.50‬‬ ‫‪1.) = 12508. 1~ = 750,0,.‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫~~‪01~0~== 2‬‬ ‫(‪(0,- 51/1080108‬‬ ‫‪~0~58.‬‬
‫()‪..8.. 50,.,.,‬‬ ‫‪-.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪2.90‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪1.5.. 1=8~~0,..( ~~/~81‬‬

‫‪..,6,..50((,.‬‬ ‫‪0,60‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~~,,,,‬‬
‫()‪..8.. 80((,‬‬ ‫‪0.57‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪,1‬‬ ‫‪~.....1~,‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪~1,..(~~~)~8...8,..68‬‬ ‫~‪~0,..,..80‬‬

‫‪3.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬‫‪1‬‬
‫()‪../1....80,.,.1‬‬

‫()‪~..8..6~,.(,‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪41‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫~~‪~,‬‬
‫‪(11‬‬ ‫~‪~/ 0‬‬

‫‪0..‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪1,.,‬‬
‫‪~~0...8,.80 ..~8,.98‬‬

‫‪~88~,....8‬‬ ‫‪,58‬‬
‫()‪..,6,..8~,.,.1‬‬

‫()‪..8.. 60((1‬‬

‫~‪..(),.,.8/1‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪35‬‬
‫‪,.,‬‬

‫‪..‬‬
‫‪0,,,,.‬‬
‫)‪8..‬‬
‫‪,,‬‬
‫‪1250~.‬‬ ‫‪~8)(. ,.8~80‬‬
‫~‪1,, = (. + 1‬‬

‫‪1/~~.‬‬
‫‪/-‬‬
‫‪~~,,,,‬‬
‫)~‪(~0‬‬

‫(‪,.~8,...,8‬‬ ‫‪,.8516~8,,..8‬‬ ‫‪0.08‬‬ ‫‪08 0~8,.8110/1, 0000~8 6108 ..00(80.‬‬

‫~‪~~/)..1‬‬
‫‪~1..8,,~110,,-10-..868‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪0.09‬‬ ‫‪0,,,,.‬‬ ‫‪18()0 51/18 ......,‬‬ ‫‪0000~8 610.‬‬ ‫‪~00~80.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪0.09‬‬ ‫‪0,,,,.‬‬ ‫‪12()0 ,.8~18/191..8~8,.‬‬
‫‪.....8, 001..80186108 ..00(80,‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪,.~8,...,8( ,86181.,....,‬‬ ‫‪0.06‬‬ ‫‪0,,,,.‬‬ ‫‪).(19. 51..8,.(8~88..-001~. ,.~81 800 9,88680. 51/19(8‬‬ ‫‪8108‬‬
‫‪~1~85‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪..868-(.0-61/1...‬‬ ‫‪~00(80. ~0,.001..80‬‬ ‫‪(8 6108. 01.,.1(/8 ...8~08 0~ 2.‬‬

‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪~8190(.‬‬ ‫)‪57(2.0‬‬ ‫)‪9(0~.‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪8868 5(.~~8‬‬ ‫~‪00-20‬‬ ‫‪.)~0~8‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪00.-111(111)1 ~1101~0‬‬ ‫~‪10.- (1 11(111-510~ ~(1..,‬‬ ‫‪(11 (1 ~(15~ 1~11111~.-(1111.-~, 1 ~ = 850~.‬‬ ‫~‪~1~11.-‬‬
‫‪12-6.1‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1)1111~(11..,(1.-1(16005‬‬ ‫‪01 (1..,~.-(1~~ 10.-~(1.-0‬‬ ‫‪~11 ~01 ~1111 111~ 111(1)(111111111‬‬
‫‪~(15~ 1~11111~.-(1111.-~.‬‬

‫‪~8)(.01...01‬‬ ‫‪..015‬‬ ‫~‪10..~8..‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪9,,1.‬‬ ‫‪~~(8,.,,,5).‬‬ ‫‪1 ~(~/-.15) 15 111~ 111(1)(111111111‬‬
‫‪11~.-11115-‬‬
‫~‪5101~ .-001-111~(10-5~11(1.-‬‬ ‫‪(.-1115) ..,(1111~ 0110.-~(1.-0‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬ ‫‪~01.‬‬ ‫‪11115 51~0111~5‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 11~(160‬‬
‫~‪~11~~1 011~ 10 /2‬‬ ‫‪0155111(1600‬‬ ‫‪(100 15 1111111~0 011~ 10 111~ 111~.-111(1151.-~58 00‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~..,1~~.‬‬
‫~‪~1~11.-‬‬ ‫‪12-6.2‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 111(1)(111111111(1..,~.-(1‬‬ ‫‪10~(1.-0‬‬ ‫‪110~~.-‬‬ ‫‪1055‬‬ ‫~~‪(1~(11051 (1..,~.-(1‬‬

‫‪396‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~23~-= 5~~~~5‬‬
‫~‪1200-1000 ~0...,.5 ~~~(1‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫‪.11 4.~ ...~10‬‬
‫‪.600‬‬

‫‪.1,00(1.‬‬ ‫‪~,,.,.‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪.2‬‬ ‫~~‪*1800~...‬‬
‫‪103‬‬ ‫‪.1800‬‬ ‫~~‪.11...‬‬
‫~‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪10~. 0‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬

‫‪~/‬‬
‫‪~~)(.‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪1.0‬‬
‫‪~~,‬‬

‫‪~,/‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬
‫‪~~~~~./‬‬

‫)‪,..‬‬

‫‪1~5.,.~~.,.~~(0005‬‬
‫=‬
‫(‪~.,..1= 1250‬‬

‫‪2.0‬‬
‫(‪250‬‬

‫‪2.5‬‬ ‫‪3.0‬‬
‫‪(00~...~~0 ~0~ .,.~(310‬‬
‫‪3. 5‬‬ ‫‪~.0‬‬

‫‪-=89.4 -‬‬ ‫‪~8)(. ~.,8,9.,, ~055 ~8, ~~~58‬‬

‫~‪58.,~50808‬‬ ‫‪~811810,,.,5‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~8)(. ~.,8,9.,, ~055 ~8, ~~(58‬‬ ‫‪-=89. 6 -‬‬ ‫‪~8)(. ~.,8,9.,, ~055 ~8, ~~~58‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-=89. 5 -‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~,8.,8~0808~ ~811810,,.,5‬‬
‫‪~,8.,8~0.08~ ~811810,,.,5‬‬

‫~‪~1~11..‬‬ ‫‪12.6‬‬

‫‪397‬‬
‫‪56~. 12-4‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~23~8= 5~~~~5‬‬
‫~~~~~ ‪1200-1000 ~0...,.5‬‬

‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫‪,...,,‬‬
‫‪110‬‬ ‫=‬
‫(‪~250‬‬ ‫)‪1‬‬ ‫(‪1250‬‬ ‫‪~~/‬‬
‫‪~~~~.~.‬‬ ‫‪110‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪1~.. = 750,,.‬‬ ‫‪.8. ,...,~10‬‬
‫~~‪,......‬‬

‫‪~100‬‬ ‫‪~100‬‬ ‫‪1,‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪~75~0‬‬ ‫~‪,‬‬
‫‪%‬‬ ‫‪.0‬‬
‫‪~~00~...‬‬ ‫‪.0‬‬ ‫~‪~~~00‬‬
‫‪~80‬‬
‫‪~80‬‬ ‫‪/--‬‬
‫‪.....,....‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~70‬‬
‫‪70‬‬ ‫~‪200‬‬
‫‪,,‬‬ ‫‪~60‬‬
‫‪~60‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪50‬‬
‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬
‫‪~~30‬‬ ‫‪,,‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪~20‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪((0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫~~ ~‪~~,../0 0‬‬ ‫‪0,,- ~0~~~~0‬‬ ‫‪(~~~~~,..‬‬ ‫)‪(-~1/~1.‬‬ ‫‪~/.1)5‬‬ ‫~~ ‪~~,.10 0.,-‬‬ ‫‪0,,- .,-0~..,~~0 (0~~10..,1‬‬ ‫‪(-0 ~/01.1‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪- ~//.15‬‬

‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫~‪1,,.,,. 750‬‬ ‫)‪.,...‬‬ ‫(‪~250‬‬ ‫‪1.,...‬‬ ‫‪750101‬‬
‫‪.0‬‬ ‫‪1 ~~0‬‬‫‪~12~.0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪110‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪.~. 1....~~5‬‬ ‫‪~100‬‬
‫‪.8.‬‬ ‫~~‪,.....‬‬
‫‪~80‬‬
‫~‪~400‬‬ ‫‪.0‬‬
‫‪~70‬‬
‫‪~~%‬‬ ‫‪~~80‬‬
‫‪...‬‬
‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪/--‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~50‬‬
‫‪~...‬‬ ‫‪-~0~.‬‬
‫‪+-‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫‪/--‬‬
‫~‪2~0‬‬

‫‪60‬‬
‫‪.-‬‬ ‫‪/--‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~40‬‬

‫‪~30‬‬

‫‪~~20‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬

‫~~ ‪~~,..~ 0,,.‬‬
‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫‪0~ ~0~..,~~0 (~~~~,.,..‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫)‪(-0./~1‬‬
‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬

‫‪- ~/115‬‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫‪50‬‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫‪~30‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬

‫‪~,,.,..10 0.,-‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫‪,,.~........ 0.,-‬‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫‪,,.0~..,~~0‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫‪((.)~~~,..1‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫)‪(-(18/(11.‬‬
‫‪80‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪90‬‬
‫‪~/).)5‬‬
‫‪100‬‬

‫‪1.,,‬‬ ‫(‪1250‬‬ ‫)‪1‬‬ ‫(‪-1250‬‬

‫~~‪.~.= , ,‬‬ ‫(~‪,...,‬‬
‫‪-8.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪398‬‬
 ‫‪~23~~ 5~~~~5‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪1200-1000 ~0...,.5 ~~~6‬‬

‫‪5500‬‬

‫~‪~5~~~0~ 5~~,.‬‬ ‫~‪~~~0‬‬

‫=‬
‫~‪090(/‬‬

‫‪~~~~0.‬‬

‫‪~000‬‬

‫‪3500‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪3000‬‬
‫‪~~/‬‬

‫~~‪~~0008‬‬
‫‪2500‬‬
‫~‪510‬‬ ‫~~‪(00~(0‬‬

‫‪2000‬‬

‫‪10-(0‬‬ ‫‪1500‬‬
‫‪10~5‬‬ ‫‪5 10-,.‬‬ ‫‪5 10-3‬‬ ‫‪5 10-2‬‬
‫~~~ ~~‪50(,),,.‬‬
‫‪5 10-1‬‬ ‫‪5 100‬‬
‫‪~0~5€ 0(,)~~,.10~ -‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪5 101‬‬ ‫‪5 102‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫~‪..0/8/8~~ 01 ~0(,)~~ ~~~(..1,.(,)0‬‬
‫‪101‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪~~(..1 0((../0 ((,)~~0..,.‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪~(.)(..5~5‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪102‬‬
‫‪..‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~.9. 10 - ~~8.,5.8.,1 ~...8~~8~ ~~.,8~8.,()8.‬‬ ‫‪~.9. 11 - ~0.,-~8.,81.1.~8‬‬ ‫‪5~~98‬‬
‫‪,,~.,()1.0.,-10-~858‬‬ ‫‪~~~~8.,1 ~81..,95‬‬

‫~‪~~1/0~,.,..‬‬ ‫~‪~~~~~,.1..‬‬

‫~‪~00‬‬ ‫~~‪1/‬‬ ‫~‪~00‬‬ ‫)‪~.. (1‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫‪~.. 18 ~~~1~8~ 8~ 250~.‬‬
‫‪..8.. ~.. 18 9..8.8.,~8~ 8~ 1250~.‬‬
‫‪~~12‬‬

‫‪10‬‬
‫‪12001/‬‬

‫‪10001/‬‬
‫‪,..‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪588 ~..~8‬‬
‫‪1.0....‬‬

‫‪1.2....‬‬

‫‪0( ~..8.8~~8.18~1~8.‬‬

‫‪1=0. 8.8~~8.‬‬ ‫‪(0. 8 ~8~1~8 .1~.. ~.. = 1.0‬‬ ‫~‪1/‬‬ ‫‪= 10001/.‬‬
‫‪0~8. 88 ~3/1,~10/1,.‬‬

‫‪10~(1(0‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪810118010(11‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫(‪(~~1(10~111(1‬‬ ‫‪~(1~~10((08‬‬ ‫‪(11 ~(1(10118‬‬ ‫‪~00011~1100‬‬
‫‪(10~1~8.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~8)(.01~01‬‬ ‫)(‪~98~ ...9~91.1.~9 10~8...‬‬ ‫‪~~ 901, ~~~,,,,. 1~~/.1 18 111~ (0(1)(1(011(0‬‬
‫‪~~(1~ ~~((0188101~ ~11((~01 ~111~11 ~(10 0~ (1~~11~0 00 (1 (~~~1111~~ 0(1818. 11118 18 00(-‬‬
‫‪(0(111~ 8~~~111~0 10( (1 11(111-810118010(11~(1~~10((0.‬‬

‫‪~8)(.01~01‬‬ ‫~‪~98‬‬ ‫‪009-~~~~9‬‬ ‫‪000...9~91.1.~9‬‬ ‫)(‪10~8...‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪901,‬‬ ‫‪~~5,,,,.‬‬ ‫‪1~5/.118‬‬

‫‪111~ (0(1)(1(011(0‬‬ ‫~‪~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪~~((0188101‬‬ ‫‪10(~(1(0‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫~‪0111(111-810‬‬ ‫~~‪~(1‬‬ ‫‪~1111 (1 011((11100‬‬
‫‪(111~( ~)(~1-‬‬
‫‪0110‬‬ ‫‪(08 (11 (1 8~~~111~0 1~(0~~((1111(~.‬‬ ‫‪1-.. (~~~111100‬‬ ‫~‪18 ~~((0188101‬‬ ‫~‪001‬‬
‫‪((11100‬‬ ‫‪01 (1 (0101(011(0‬‬ ‫‪101~(~(1110‬‬ ‫~(‪(~011~~ 111~ )110~1100 1~(0~~((1111‬‬ ‫~‪10 111~ (1110~(101‬‬

‫‪58~. 12-4‬‬ ‫‪399‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪((111~~.‬‬ ‫‪1018‬‬ ‫~‪~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪~~((11188101‬‬ ‫‪~(1111~ ~(1(1~8 ~110‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1111(110~( 01 (~~~11110118.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~11‬‬
‫‪12-6.11‬‬ ‫‪800~8‬‬ ‫~~‪10~ (11(1)(1(1111(1111011(~~~1111‬‬ ‫‪811(~~ ~11((~111 ~110‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1111(110~( 01 ~11((~111‬‬
‫‪~1118~8‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪~8)(.811~811 ..9~9~.~.~9 ~98~ ..9~9..59 ~0(~899,‬‬ ‫‪.., ~~,,,,,.‬‬

‫‪~~~~ 0~1111~810~ (11(1)(-‬‬
‫‪1(1111(11‬‬
‫‪~~((11188101~ 11181(1111(111~0118‬‬
‫~‪~(1111~01 (~~~1111~~ (1~~11~0 (~~~(8~ ~011(1~~ 10(1110‬‬
‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪~(111010~~.‬‬ ‫‪1018 ((11111~18 0~1~((11111~0 0~ 10~ )711-)1111~11011(1110 10~ ~(18~ 1~~~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~8)(.811~811 ~98~ .,0.,..9~9~.~.~9‬‬ ‫‪..9~9..59 ~0(~899,‬‬ ‫‪.., ~5,,,,,.‬‬ ‫‪~ ~5~ 18 10~ (11(1)(-‬‬
‫‪1(1111(1111181(1111(111~0118‬‬
‫‪~~(1~ ~(1111~01 (1~~11~0 (~~~(8~ ~011(1~~ 11110~( 1((11181~111~01101-‬‬
‫‪110118.‬‬ ‫~‪~~5‬‬ ‫‪18 1~~1~(111~ 25%‬‬ ‫‪(100~~ ~~~~.‬‬

‫~‪~0..~8..‬‬ ‫‪~0(~899‬‬ ‫‪~..0~,‬‬ ‫‪..,‬‬

‫‪/=.‬‬ ‫~‪~ /= 18 10~ 11181(1111(111~0118 ~(1111~ 0110‬‬ ‫‪10(~(1(0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪0(0‬‬ ‫‪(1110 18 0~~~110~111‬‬ ‫‪011 10~ )1111~11011 1~(11~~((1111(~,‬‬ ‫‪1).‬‬ ‫‪~1~11(~ 12-6.3‬‬
‫‪800~8‬‬ ‫‪10~ 11181(1111(111~0118 10~(1(0‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪0(0‬‬ ‫‪(1~(11118110(~(1(0‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111.‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‪/= ~(111 0‬‬
‫‪~011810~(~0‬‬ ‫~‪(18 0~111‬‬ ‫~‪(11(10~ 11~ 01 (1) (1 ~(1111~ 10(11 18 1110~~~110~111 0110‬‬ ‫‪10(~(1(0‬‬
‫‪~11((~111,‬‬ ‫)‪(1110 (2‬‬ ‫‪(1 ~(1111~ 10(1118 ~(0~0(11011(1110‬‬ ‫‪10~ 11181(1111(111~0118 10(~(1(0‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111.‬‬

‫~‪~8)(.811~811 ~98~ 10..~8..‬‬ ‫‪~0(~899,‬‬ ‫~ ‪.., /=,,,,,.‬‬

‫‪/=~ 18 10~ (11(1)(1(1111(11‬‬
‫‪10~(1(0‬‬
‫‪~011(1~~ 0(0~ (11 (1 8~~~111~0 10(~(1(0 ~11((~111 (1110 )1111~110111~(11~~((1111(~.‬‬

‫~‪~~..95~0/‬‬ ‫‪~0/~899,‬‬ ‫‪..,(10).‬‬ ‫~‪~(10) 18 10~ ~11((~111-1110~~~110~111 ~0(11011 0110‬‬

‫‪10~(1(0‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~ 0(0~ (1110 0~~~1108 011 10~ 1~(11~~((1111(~.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪~0..~8..‬‬
‫‪11181(1111(111~0118 10(~(1(0‬‬
‫~‪11181(1111(111~0118 0100‬‬
‫‪5/0~9‬‬ ‫‪..95.5~8.,~9,‬‬
‫~~‪~011(1‬‬
‫‪~11((~111.‬‬
‫‪0(0~,‬‬
‫‪../=.‬‬ ‫~‪,./= 18 10‬‬
‫=‪1)/= 811~0 10(111)/‬‬
‫‪~11((~111 0~~~110~111‬‬

‫=‬ ‫)‪~(10‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫‪~0(11011‬‬

‫~(~‪1,./=, ~0‬‬
‫~‪0110‬‬

‫~‪118 10‬‬

‫‪~8)(.811~811‬‬ ‫~‪~98‬‬ ‫‪..9~9..59‬‬ ‫)‪(0.. /98~899‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪9.,~,‬‬ ‫‪/~~~.‬‬ ‫‪1~~1-.118 10~ (11(1)(1(1111(11‬‬
‫~‪(~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫~‪(11 10‬‬ ‫~(‪(11(1)(1(1111(11 )1111~11011 1~(11~~((1111‬‬ ‫~~‪(1110 (11(1)(1(1111(11 (~~~1111‬‬
‫~‪~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~.‬‬ ‫‪1018 ~11((~111 ~01110 (1180 ~(1118~ )1111~11011 0~(11111~ (1110 (1‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪~(1111~ 18 0~81((101~.‬‬

‫‪~9~9..59‬‬ ‫~‪..9~0~9..‬‬ ‫‪~.8119, ~,,.‬‬ ‫‪(,, (11(1~ 0~ 0~1111~0‬‬ ‫‪(18 10~ 11(11~ 1111~~(11 0~1~~~11‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪11181(1111 10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111 ~(188~8‬‬ ‫‪10(011~0‬‬ ‫‪~~(0‬‬ ‫~‪011(111~ 10‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0(111~~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0(11 10(~(1(0‬‬
‫‪~011011~11011‬‬ ‫~‪10 (~~~(8‬‬ ‫~‪010~~111‬‬ ‫‪~0110111011‬‬ ‫~‪(1110 10~ (110(11~111 10~ (~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111 0(18‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0~~(1~~0‬‬ ‫‪10 25%‬‬ ‫‪01118‬‬ ‫~‪~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪~(1111~, 1~~.‬‬ ‫‪(,, 18 0~~~110~111‬‬ ‫~‪011 10‬‬ ‫‪)1111~11011‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1~(11~~((1111(~,‬‬ ‫~‪((11‬‬ ‫‪01 1(111 01 10(~(1(0‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111, (1110 10~ 10~(1(0‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫(‪~(10‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪~0(11(11111(111011.‬‬

‫‪~9~9..59‬‬ ‫‪..9~0~9..~ ~~8..99, 0.~~.‬‬ ‫‪(2~~ 18 10~ (1(11011111‬‬

‫‪01 ~0(1(~~ ~(1((1~(8 ~01~0‬‬
‫‪110~ (1~(088 10~ 0100~ 111 10~ (~~~(8~ 01(~~11011 011~ 10 ~0(111~~ 0~~( 1(0(11 10(~(1(0‬‬
‫‪~011011~11011 10 (~~~(8~ 010~~111~ ~0110111011. 118 ~(1111~18 0~1~((11111~0 1(0(11 10~ (1(~(1‬‬
‫‪~11~108~0 0~ 10~ ~(110 0110~ (~~~(8~ (~~0~~(~ ~11((~111. ~1~11(~8 12-6.7 (1110 12-6.8‬‬
‫‪800~ 10~ ~(1(1(111011801 (~~~(8~ (~~0~~(~ ~11((~111 (1110 ~0(1(~~ ~110 10~ ((11~ 011(111 01‬‬
‫‪10(~(1(0 ~11((~111.‬‬

‫‪400‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪12,‬‬ ‫‪10... 1~5..,9.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪/2( (~110‬‬ ‫~(‪18 ~ 01~~81.1‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪01~)(1011.101 10~~(0‬‬ ‫‪000-‬‬

‫~‪(~~1.1((10‬‬ ‫‪0~~(~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫(‪~~~~(1111)110‬‬ ‫‪~ ~1~~0‬‬ ‫‪~~(100‬‬ ‫‪0110‬‬ ‫‪018 ~1 ~ 8~~~111~0‬‬ ‫‪)1.10~1100‬‬
‫‪1~01~~(~11.1(~.‬‬ ‫~‪1118 1.18~0 10 0~1~(0110‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111~(01~1 ~~~~(1111)1‬‬ ‫‪0111.18~8.‬‬ ‫‪10 ~~8~8 01‬‬
‫‪~ 1~1.111 (0( 8110(1-~1(~1.111) ~00011100,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0100‬‬ ‫(~‪~01.110 011‬‬ ‫~~~‪~ (~8181~0‬‬ ‫‪~00 118‬‬
‫‪)1.10~1100‬‬ ‫‪1~01~~(~11.1(~,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 18 0~~~00~01‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪111~ /2 ~~11.1~ ~00‬‬ ‫‪1101~,‬‬ ‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫‪(18~.‬‬

‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(01~~1100‬‬ ‫‪01111~ 0100~,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ /2( (~110‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪11.18~ 011.181 0~ 1~88 111~0 /2( 01‬‬
‫‪111~ 0100~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~00(010~1100‬‬ ‫‪01 ~ 11.18~ 18 018~1.188~0‬‬ ‫‪10 5~~1100‬‬ ‫‪15-7.1.‬‬

‫~))(‪~,.301‬‬ ‫‪12-2‬‬
‫~~‪(1(~ 118~0 10( 111~ 8111~1~-))11(18~ 0(10‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫(‪~011‬‬ ‫~‪1‬‬ ‫~‪300-‬‬ ‫~ ‪800-‬‬ ‫‪0100~8‬‬
‫~~‪011)1))~ ~23‬‬
‫‪(~~1111~( 111~1~. 2-15(1.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (018 ...(1111~01111~ 1(1))111...011(1~~ 18 11, = 208 ~ (111.5 /(1-1‬‬
‫‪(1110 111~ 10(10 (~8181(111~~ 18 8. = 0.47 0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ )1111~11011‬‬ ‫‪1~01))~((1111(~ (1110 (10101~111‬‬
‫~~‪1~01))~((1111(~ (1(~ 1~ = 150~ (11101-4 = 250~, (~8))~~11...~1)1. 0~1~(01111~ 111~((1) (1...~((1‬‬
‫‪))0‬‬ ‫‪~( 1088, 110~ (0) 11181(1111(111~011810( (1(0 ...011(1~~ 0(0)),‬‬ ‫~((((‪1))0~(~) (~~0...~()1 ~11(1(~~, (2‬‬
‫~‪(0) (~...~(8‬‬ ‫‪(~~0...~()11101~,‬‬ ‫‪(~~~(~) ~(18~ 1~01))~((1111(~,‬‬ ‫‪1~~~ (1110 (1) 111~(01(11 (~8181(111~~ 01‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪11~(118111/(, 8.1~5-4.‬‬ ‫‪~881101~ 001101~-810~0‬‬ ‫~~‪~001111~ (1110111~~(18~-10-8111/( 10~(01(11 (~8181(111‬‬
‫‪01 8.1~~5‬‬ ‫‪= 0.0300~.‬‬
‫()‬
‫=‪80)111101111, = 208 ~, 11,,,‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫~‪208 = 294.2 ~, /, = 1500 1-1~,8. = 0.47 0, 1‬‬
‫‪1250,‬‬ ‫‪250, (1110 8.1~~5 = 0.030/~.‬‬‫‪10~ 8011111011 (~()111(~8 1111~())01(111011 1(0111‬‬
‫=‬ ‫= ‪1-4‬‬
‫~(‪10~ ~0(1((1~1~(1811~ ~11(...~8 0110~ 0~...1~~ (1110 10~ (~811118 (1(~ 10~(~10‬‬ ‫‪(1))))(0)(1111(11~.‬‬
‫‪((1) ~(001 ~(). (2-59),‬‬ ‫‪111~ (1...~((1~~ 0(11))111 ...011(1~~ 18‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪1100 = 0.636611,,, = 0.6366‬‬ ‫~ ‪294.2 = 187.29‬‬

‫‪10~ (1...~((1~~ 10(10 ~11((~111, /00 = 187.29/0.47‬‬ ‫‪= 398.5~,‬‬ ‫‪(111010~ (1...~((1~~0100~ 10( (1(0‬‬
‫‪~11((~111, /)0(, ,,) = 398.5/2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪199.3~.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1800‬‬ ‫‪~011011~11011,‬‬ ‫~‪~1~. 12-6.2 ~1...~8 10‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪(1...~((1~~ ))0 ~( 1088 01110 ~ 240 ~.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~(001‬‬
‫‪111~ 810))~ (~8181(111~~ 18‬‬
‫‪~1~. 12-6.3‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(~80010‬‬

‫~‪,.)0‬‬
‫‪1.1 - 0.6‬‬
‫‪200‬‬
‫‪...011(1~~ 18 11(70) = 0.6~.‬‬

‫‪= 2.5 1110‬‬

‫‪~(0111 ~1~. 12-6.3,‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪11181(1111(111~0118‬‬
‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫= ‪~11((~11118 /‬‬ ‫)‪(294.2/0.47‬‬ ‫‪8111 (1)(.‬‬ ‫‪10118‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪11181(1111(111~0118‬‬
‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪(1(0‬‬ ‫~~‪...011(1‬‬ ‫))‪0(0‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫()‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪294.2.‬‬ ‫()‪(1‬‬

‫‪1))0 = 0.6 + 2.5‬‬ ‫‪10-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪8111‬‬
‫‪0.47‬‬
‫()‪(1‬‬
‫~ ‪= 0.6 + 1.565 8111‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪294.2‬‬
‫= ‪/ )0/.1‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 625.96‬‬
‫‪0.47‬‬

‫‪58~. 12-4‬‬ ‫‪401‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪111~ ..31~ 011311 01 ~1.1 ~111 31 111~ 2~..0 ~..088111~ 01111~ 0100‬‬ ‫()‪~1.1 ~111 (0‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪10) 0~~0(11~8‬‬

‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪~,,,‬‬ ‫‪294.2‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬

‫~=‬ ‫)‪0‬‬
‫‪= 0.47‬‬ ‫‪210‬‬ ‫‪= 5.9 ~.//1-8‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪,~0‬‬
‫‪1500‬‬

‫‪~0.. 1,,/04= 625.96 ~ 311001/0( = 5.9 ~//1-8, ~1~. 12-6.8 ~1~~8(2~~ = 12 /1-~.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~..0(11~1~. 12-6.9, 8~ = (,,/(. = 0.7. (.. = (. + (,,‬‬
‫‪= 1.7(. 31101..0(11~~.‬‬
‫)‪(12-5‬‬
‫‪)( 12 )( 1.7‬‬
‫‪/2‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫= ‪(..‬‬ ‫‪= 2.63 /1-8‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪5.9‬‬
‫‪(~) ~..0(11 111~0313 811~~1010100~,‬‬ ‫‪~,0_~ = 0.0900~.‬‬ ‫‪~..0(11~~. (12-8),‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪10 = 1_ - ~,0_~11/) = 125 - 0.09‬‬ ‫‪240 = 103.40~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(1) ~..0(11~~8. (12-8), (12-9), 3110(12-10),‬‬
‫~_‪11/)(~,0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~,0~5‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪~,05-4‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫_‪1‬‬ ‫‪- 1-4= 125 - 25 = 100‬‬
‫‪0..‬‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫= ‪~,05-4‬‬ ‫~~‪- 0.09 - 0.03 = 0.2970‬‬
‫‪240‬‬
‫~‪~~301()1‬‬ ‫‪12.3‬‬

‫~‪~111‬‬ ‫‪0100~,‬‬ ‫‪300~,‬‬ ‫‪800~,‬‬ ‫~~‪011)1~~ ~23‬‬ ‫‪181.18~010.. ~113..~~ ..~~~..8311113‬‬ ‫‪~0(11(111.11311011‬‬
‫( ‪~1..~1.111 31‬‬
‫‪~1..~1.111 3110 111~ ~~1.11~31~111‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪0 18 8110~11111~1~. 12-7.‬‬ ‫‪11118~113..~~ ..~~~..831‬‬
‫‪18 ..~~~31~0‬‬ ‫‪31 3 1..~~1.1~11~)101,$‬‬ ‫‪= 2.5 /(~2.‬‬ ‫= ‪~ = 72.36 /1-~, 1- = 14 /1-~, 3110~0‬‬
‫‪440~.‬‬ ‫~‪813..18 ~01101.1~1111~31 ( = 0, 0~1~..(11111~ 111~ (3) ~~3/( 0100‬‬
‫~‪11111~ 0100‬‬ ‫‪~1.1 ~111,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪1,,~ (0) ~10111 01111~ ~1.1 ~111 ~1.118~, (.~ 3110 (~) 8~11~11111~ 1088, 11$.‬‬

‫‪8011.11100 /. = 2500 ~2, ~ = 72.36 /1-~, 1- = 14 /1-~, 3110 ~0 = 440 ~.‬‬

‫~‪(3) ~..0(11 ~~. (2-15),1,, = 440‬‬
‫‪(0) 111~ ~1.118~~10111, (.‬‬
‫‪= 10 ~14‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪= 440~72.36/14‬‬
‫‪72.36 = 99.99 /1-8.‬‬
‫‪= 1000.3~.‬‬

‫‪(~) 111~ 8~11~11111~1088 0~~~1108 011111~ ~~3/( 0100~ ~1.1 ~1113110 111~~1.118~~10111.‬‬
‫‪8111~~ 111~ ~1.118~~1011118 ~~..)1 8(11311, 111~ ~0~~..-1088‬‬ ‫~~‪~31~1.113110111..0(11111~ 3~~..3‬‬ ‫‪~1.1 ~111‬‬
‫‪~311.1~(38 111~1~. 12-6.2) ~01.110 0~ 1113~~1.1..31~. 111~ 0~1~..(11111311011‬‬
‫~‪01111~ 8~11~11111‬‬
‫‪1088 ..~~1.11..~8111~111~11-1..~~1.1~11~)1‬‬
‫‪0313 01111~ 0~~1~~. ~0.. 1,, = 1,,/04= 1000.3 ~ 3110‬‬
‫‪(. = 99.9 /1-8. ~1~. 12-6.4 ~1~~8 111~~11~..~)1~~.. ~1.118~38 ~$‬‬
‫()‬ ‫~‪= 0.11 3110 111~8~11~11111‬‬
‫‪10881811$ = ~$/. = 0.1‬‬ ‫‪2500 = 250~.‬‬

‫‪0,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1..‬‬
‫‪..1~..~ 12-7‬‬ ‫‪~~500301‬‬ ‫‪~03..~~ ..~..~..531‬‬
‫‪~1..~1.111.‬‬

‫‪111~ 1111()0..1311~~ 0( 111~8~ ()3(3111~1~(8 ~311 0~ ~)(()13111~0 ~1111 ~1~. 12-83.‬‬ ‫~‪1( 111‬‬
‫‪8~11~11, 5~,‬‬ ‫~‪18 11.1..11~0011 31 ( = 0 3110 (~11131118 011 1011~ ~1101.1~11, 3 81~(0)1-8131‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~1110( /0 = ~/ ~ ~01.110 (10~ 111(01.1~11‬‬ ‫‪111~1030 3110 111~((~~~11~~1111~0100~ /),,,‬‬

‫‪402‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪+0‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫~‪,‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪811-/‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪~5‬‬
‫‪0,,,‬‬
‫‪~~2‬‬

‫)‪(8.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~,1‬‬
‫‪0~8.9~8.01‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~~~0‬‬

‫‪(0‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪- - - - - - -‬‬

‫‪~111 0~ (~~~(5~0‬‬
‫‪~0000~1‬‬
‫‪10(0~0‬‬
‫~‪(15‬‬
‫‪10(~(1(0‬‬
‫‪00‬‬
‫~‪01111‬‬
‫‪(100‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪--‬‬

‫( ‪(1~(110 (11‬‬
‫‪10(~(1(0‬‬
‫~‪~0((~01010100‬‬
‫‪01(15~0.‬‬
‫‪111~ 10(10 ~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪~0010‬‬
‫‪(2, 0100~ 1),.., ~0010‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬
‫‪1),.., ~0010‬‬
‫‪0~8 10 ~81/8~58‬‬
‫‪~8~01/8~~ 01 0,,,‬‬

‫‪11111~ 5~11~1115 10(0~0‬‬

‫‪~1(~01(11~ 111(00~111),..,.‬‬

‫‪5~11~11‬‬
‫‪~0~,‬‬

‫‪0~ ~~()1111~11,‬‬
‫‪..1~11~~ 12.8‬‬

‫‪11111~ 5~11~1115‬‬
‫‪0~11(1~~ (15 (1 5110(1 ~1(~011. 111~ ((11~ 01‬‬
‫‪((100‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬
‫~‪1~0010‬‬
‫)‪1)1‬‬
‫(~‪~/10(1(1‬‬
‫‪0( 110111111~ 111011~10(.‬‬

‫‪011 (11‬‬
‫(‬
‫=‬

‫‪(100‬‬
‫‪(1,‬‬
‫‪~1(~1111 ~11/10111‬‬

‫‪0100~ 1),.., ~0010‬‬

‫‪111~ ((11~ 011(111‬‬

‫‪10 0~ 1011011)1.‬‬ ‫~‪~~~0(010‬‬
‫‪0//‬‬

‫‪01‬‬

‫‪10 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪(12-7),‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫~‪01 0100‬‬ ‫‪1),.., ~0010‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~~()1111~11,‬‬ ‫‪(100 0100~5‬‬
‫‪1)1 (100‬‬ ‫‪1),.., 111(1)10~ 0(1111(1~~0.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~0‬‬ ‫‪12-80‬‬
‫‪~(1~~10(1115‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(1(1005‬‬
‫~‪10( 111‬‬
‫‪0100~ ~0((~015.‬‬ ‫‪11115 ~(001~11115‬‬ ‫~‪00(111(111)1 0~~(~0111‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 ~000~~110‬‬ ‫~‪(1 (),1/(),( 111111110‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪1000~10(,‬‬ ‫‪1-5 (15 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~. 12-9(1.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~((1~11~(11 0100~5‬‬ ‫~(‪(~~01‬‬ ‫‪(1 ~~(1(110 10(0-‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫(‪(),1/(),‬‬
‫~(‪00 11111~ 0~10‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~011(~ (1(~(1 01111~ )00~1100‬‬ ‫~~‪0~~0111~5 ~0000~11‬‬ ‫~‪(100 111‬‬
‫‪111051 0~ ~~~1‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪10 111~~1 111~ 10(0-00‬‬ ‫‪11111~ 1111111. 11115 11111~ 15 50111~11111~5 ~00~0‬‬
‫‪(15 /071,11(17(), 7~~01/~7)1‬‬ ‫‪(1111~, (_/.‬‬
‫‪111~ ((11~ 01 (15~ 01 ~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪111(00~11 0100~ 1)1, ~111~11 5110010‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ 5(1111~ (15‬‬
‫‪111~ ((11~ 011(111‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01111(00~11‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪1),..,, 15‬‬
‫‪(),1‬‬ ‫‪115‬‬
‫)‪(12-11‬‬
‫(‪(),‬‬
‫‪1-5‬‬

‫‪58~. 12-5‬‬ ‫‪403‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪5...,..‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~‬
‫‪~0----‬‬

‫ﺔ‬‫‪0‬‬

‫‪11‬‬
‫‪-------‬‬

‫~~(‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪18 111~ ..~ ~..8~ ..~~0 ~..~ 11111~011),.,,,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~~3‬‬

‫‪0.1.‬‬
‫‪~1~11..~ 12-9‬‬ ‫~~~~‪~00‬‬
‫‪111111(111~ 111011((0~.‬‬

‫‪(~~~.‬‬
‫‪(1~(111(~1(0 0//0/‬‬

‫‪..~ ~..8~ ~11 ~111 011),.,, 18‬‬

‫‪18.8.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫= (‪(~~0.‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫)‪(12-12‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(~~~.‬‬
‫‪1(1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪18.8.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪10 + (~~-‬‬ ‫)‪(12-13‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1..‬‬

‫‪~11~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111011~10..‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬ ‫‪~111 0~~0111~8‬‬ ‫~‪1(1, 0100‬‬ ‫~‪1),.,, 111..118 011 81100~111‬‬ ‫~‪(38811111111‬‬
‫‪30..11~1‬‬ ‫‪..~~0‬‬ ‫)~~‬ ‫‪3110 0..~3~8‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~11‬‬ ‫~‪~111110‬‬ ‫‪~3111.‬‬ ‫~‪011‬‬ ‫‪10 111~111~ 111011~11 ~ 1030,‬‬
‫‪111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬ ‫~‪~111 ~3111101 ~11311~~ 81100~111‬‬ ‫~~‪1..0111 10 10 1(1. 111~ ~)(~~88 ~11~..‬‬ ‫‪810..~0‬‬
‫‪111 1.. ~01110‬‬ ‫~‪111011~~ 3 111811 ..~ ~..8‬‬ ‫~‪01138‬‬ ‫~‪3~..088 1),.,, 3110 11118 1113~ 0311138‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬
‫‪1),.,,.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~)(~~88‬‬ ‫~‪~11~..8‬‬ ‫‪810..~0‬‬ ‫~‪38 3 ..~81111 01 ..~ ~..8‬‬ ‫‪..~~0‬‬ ‫‪~..~ 11111~ 18 1011110 1..0111‬‬

‫)‪(12-14‬‬

‫‪404‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫)‪(12-15‬‬

‫‪111~ ~~~~10(1118 10( 111~ ~~(1008 ~0((~018 ~(~ 8110~0 10 ~18. 12-90.‬‬ ‫‪11118 ~)(~~88‬‬
‫‪~0~(8~ ~~0 0~ 1(~081~((~0 1(0111 111~1000~10( 1.,. 10 ~ ~~()~~110( ~. ~111~1118 ~000~~1~0‬‬
‫‪~~(088 0100~ 0,.,.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~~10~ 01111~ ~. ~~0 0~ 0~1~(11110~0 1(0111‬‬

‫~ ~ = ~~ ‪~ ~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(12-16‬‬

‫~‪~11~(~ ~~ 18 111~ ~110~~01‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪~011~8~ 01111~ 0100~.‬‬

‫‪~ (~81810( ~., ~111~1118 8110~0 10 ~18. 12-9~ 0~ 0~811~0 110~8, 18 ~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪8~(1~8 ~1111111~ ~~()~~110( 10 0~111() 001 ~0~ 1(~081~01 08~111~1100. ~(),0~1100 (12-16‬‬
‫‪18 ~0 ~()()(0)(1111~1~ 00~ ~00 00~8 001 1~~~ 1010 ~~~0001 111~ ~11~~18 01 1.,. ~00 ~.‬‬
‫‪00(108111~ 1(~081~01810( ~0~(8~ 1(~081~(.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~8180 01 ~. ~00~. ~~10~818 018~088~0‬‬
‫‪10 5~~1100‬‬ ‫‪15-4.‬‬
‫‪~~3111)))~ 12-4‬‬

‫~(~‪111~ 0100~8 111111~ 8111~1~-1111(18~~1111-~(1.,,~ (~~11~1~( 111~1~. 2-14(111(1.,,~ (1 (~.,,~(8~ (~~0.,,‬‬

‫‪11(11~ 0~ (77 = 50 ,.,..8 (1110 111~ ((118 .,,(1111~0~ 11111111.,,011(1~~ 18 ~. = 120 ,.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~((11111‬‬
‫~‪111~ ~~~~~1 0~ 111~ (~.,,~(8~ (~~0.,,~(~ 11(11~ 011 111~ (1.,,~((1~~ 011111111.,,011(1~~ 1~ 111~ 81111111‬‬
‫~~‪~(~~11~0‬‬ ‫‪18 ((1),.‬‬ ‫‪= 2 /(1-1~, (1110 (0) /.‬‬ ‫‪= 60 1-1~.‬‬

‫‪80)01100‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (~.,,~(8‬‬ ‫~(~‪(~~0.,,‬‬ ‫‪11(11~ ~01110 (1~~~~1 111~ 011111111.,,011(1~~ 0~ 111~ (~~11~1~(.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪111111~ ~1111-~(1.,,‬‬ ‫(~‪(~~11~1‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪0~ ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪2-14(1,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0100‬‬
‫~(~‪11 ~111 ~011111111~10 ~00011~1 1111111 = ~/(,) + (77. ~8 (1 (~81111 0~ 111~ (~.,,~(8~ (~~0.,,‬‬
‫~‪1)1 ~11111010‬‬

‫‪11(11~, 111~ (1.,,~((1~~ 011111111.,,011(1~~ ~01110 0~ (~011~~0 (1110 111~ 011111111.,,011(1~~ ~(1.,,~~0((11‬‬
‫‪18 8110~11 111~1~. 12-10.‬‬
‫~~‪1~ 111~ 1011111 .,,011(1‬‬
‫‪(~011~11011 18‬‬
‫= )‪18 1‬‬ ‫‪~,,,‬‬ ‫= ()‪8111 (,‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪8111‬‬
‫‪(,)(,‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪0~~ (11‬‬

‫~~‪(1.,,~((1‬‬
‫()‪(,‬‬
‫=‬

‫‪011111111‬‬
‫~~‬
‫‪((1111~(,‬‬

‫~~‪.,,011(1‬‬

‫‪(,,‬‬
‫~(‬ ‫()‪(,‬‬
‫‪,,‬‬
‫‪17‬‬
‫‪77‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪= -1 10‬‬
‫‪17.‬‬
‫‪,,,‬‬
‫‪,,8111‬‬ ‫((( ()‪(,‬‬
‫‪-1‬‬
‫‪= -‬‬
‫‪2~,,,‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪( --‬‬

‫‪~08‬‬
‫)‪(,‬‬ ‫)‬‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪(12-17‬‬
‫‪~,,,‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪(1 -‬‬ ‫‪~08‬‬ ‫)‪(,)(77‬‬
‫~‬

‫~ = ‪~,,,‬‬ ‫~ = ‪~.‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪120 = 169.7‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~11110111‬‬ ‫~‪(111~ (~.,,~(8‬‬ ‫~(~‪(~~0.,,‬‬ ‫‪11(11~, 8~.‬‬ ‫)‪(2-59‬‬ ‫‪~1.,,~8‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ (1.,,~((1‬‬ ‫~~‪011111111 .,,011(1‬‬ ‫‪~00‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪= 0.6366~,,, = 108.03 ,.‬‬

‫(‪((1) ~0‬‬ ‫‪(77‬‬ ‫‪50 ,.,..8 (1110,.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪2000‬‬ ‫‪1-1~, 111~ (~011~1100‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ (1.,,~((1~~ 011111111‬‬
‫~~‪.,,011(1‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫‪= 0.061~,,, = 10.3 , 0( 9.51% 0~~00‬‬

‫‪58~. 12-5‬‬ ‫‪405‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫__‪(/)) ~0~ 1‬‬
‫‪= 50 /1-5 3110/,‬‬ ‫~~‪= 60 1-12, 01~ ~~011~11011 01111~ 0111~111 0~ ~0113‬‬
‫‪~,,,‬‬ ‫‪)( 10-5‬‬
‫= __~‬ ‫‪(1 -‬‬ ‫‪~05 271/,1__) = 5.65‬‬ ‫‪~,,,‬‬
‫‪71‬‬

‫‪)( 10-3‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪= 9.6‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫()‪8.88‬‬ ‫‪10-3%‬‬ ‫‪01 ~00‬‬

‫‪1-/0/~.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~11~~1 01 /__15 51~0111~(10110‬‬ ‫‪111~11-1(~~11~0~)1‬‬ ‫~~(‪5011‬‬ ‫~‪(100 10( 111~ ~(15‬‬
‫‪0100(111(11‬‬ ‫‪60-1-12‬‬ ‫‪5011(~~,‬‬ ‫‪115 ~11~~1 ~(10 0~ ~00510~(~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~11~101~.‬‬

‫~‪~,.301()1‬‬ ‫‪12-5‬‬

‫‪111~ ~110~~~~ ~1~~1111111~1~. 12-93‬‬ ‫‪15 0~~~31~0‬‬ ‫‪31 3 1~~~11~11~)1 01/,‬‬ ‫‪= 2 /(1-12 3110 3 (111)1‬‬
‫(‪~)1~1~ 01/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪50%.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫~~‪15 111~111)1111011~11‬‬ ‫‪3110 0~3~5‬‬ ‫‪3 ~11~~~111 01/0‬‬ ‫‪= 400 ~.‬‬
‫‪111~ 1~~~~11~~1111~ 0100~ /),,, 151~ 1)1~~ ~23~~,‬‬ ‫‪300~,‬‬ ‫‪800~.‬‬ ‫‪110//01‬‬ ‫~‪1111111111‬‬
‫~‪111011~10‬‬
‫‪15 1-,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~~‪4 /1-1-1, 0~ 111~111 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪15 ~,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~ )1111~11011 1~111~~~3111~~ 15‬‬
‫~‪111311113111~0311‬‬ ‫~‪= 1250~, 0~1~~111111‬‬
‫‪111~(3) ~~3/( 5~11~11~11~~~111,/,,~ (/)) ~3111~01~,‬‬
‫(‪10 1111111111~~~3/‬‬ ‫~‪~~~~~5~ ~0113~~ 010100‬‬ ‫~~‪/),,, 10 350 ~~ 3110 (~) 3~~~3‬‬ ‫~~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1055~5‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪111111~0100~ /),,,, ~ 1).‬‬

‫‪801011011 ~, = 200 ~, 1-, = 4 /1-1-1,‬‬

‫‪400~.‬‬
‫= ‪/, = 2000 1-12,/( = 0.5, ~0 = 350 ~, 3110/0‬‬
‫‪~~0111~~. (12-11), 01/01 = 200/4 = 50 ~/1-5.‬‬
‫‪(3) ~0~ //0,., = /0 = 400 ~ 31101~ = 1250, ~1~. 12-6. 7 ~1~~5/8.8. = 50~. ~~0111‬‬
‫‪~~. (12-13),‬‬
‫~ ‪/,, = /0 + /8.8. = 400 + 50 = 450‬‬
‫‪(/)) ~~0111 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪(12-14),‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~)(~~55 ~11~~~)1011~ 10 ~~~~~5~ ~~~0~~~)111111~ 15‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪)( 10-6‬‬ ‫‪)( (4502‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪~8.‬‬ ‫‪= 0.5‬‬ ‫)‪- 4002‬‬ ‫‪= 85,000‬‬ ‫‪10-61‬‬
‫‪~~0111 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪(12-16),‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪85,000 )( 10-6‬‬
‫= ‪~,‬‬ ‫~‪= 1.39 /1-‬‬
‫‪3502‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(~) ~0~ 31~~~~11~~1111~ ~11~~~11101/0‬‬ ‫‪= 400~,‬‬ ‫‪~1~. 12-6.3 ~1~~5 111~111513111311~0115‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪10~3~0‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~ 0~0~,‬‬ ‫= ‪1)/0‬‬ ‫‪1.25~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111513111311~011510~~3~0‬‬ ‫~~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1055 /)~~0111~5‬‬
‫‪1.25 )( 125 = 500~.‬‬ ‫)‪111~ 3~~~3~~ ~0~~~ 1055 15 ~ 1‬‬ ‫() (‪/‬‬‫=‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪= 0.5‬‬ ‫()‬
‫= ‪500‬‬
‫‪250~.‬‬

‫~~‪10 111(10)1111~11-~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(1~~11~(111005‬‬ ‫‪(~.~.,‬‬ ‫~‪1-1~0‬‬ ‫‪1((105111155100‬‬ ‫‪110~5),‬‬ ‫~‪00‬‬ ‫‪~0111111~(-‬‬

‫~‪~1(111)1 (1~(111(101~ 0100‬‬ ‫~‪~(10001111~~1111‬‬ ‫‪(~~111(~0‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪((1110‬‬ ‫‪(100 0100~5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ ~00-‬‬
‫‪0~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10 5~(1~5‬‬ ‫~‪10 10~(~(15‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (~~~(5‬‬ ‫~‪010~~10‬‬ ‫‪~(1~(1011111~5.‬‬

‫‪406‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪,-‬‬ ‫‪...-‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪,, ...-‬‬
‫‪~~,1‬‬ ‫‪,,‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪1/‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪..,‬‬
‫‪- / 7- - - - - -‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪02‬‬
‫‪/‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪~~1‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪(8) 8~~~()~1 0~89~801‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1,~1‬‬ ‫(~‪1.18 ~011810‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪8~(1~8-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪0100~8‬‬ ‫‪(18 8110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪12-113.‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬
‫‪~(3~11~~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1)-(, ~11(1(3~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫~~~‪~0( 111~ 83(11~ 1‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0100~8‬‬ ‫‪01~~~( 01.1~ 10 101~(311~~8‬‬
‫‪111 111~ ~(001.1~11011‬‬ ‫‪~(0~~88.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~1.1‬‬ ‫‪12-110‬‬ ‫‪8110~8‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫(‪1)-‬‬ ‫‪~113(3~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪81.1~11‬‬
‫‪0100~8.‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ ~0(~3(0-0138~0‬‬ ‫‪~0110111011,‬‬ ‫‪00111 0100~8‬‬ ‫‪~01101.1~1 111~ 83(11~ 3(1101.1111‬‬
‫‪0~ ~1.1((~111 3110 ~0(~3(0‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫~‪0(0‬‬ ‫~‪0~ ~3~11 0100‬‬ ‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 31(11081 ~~1.131.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~-‬‬
‫‪~~~(,‬‬ ‫~‪111 111~ (~~~(8‬‬ ‫~‪010~~111‬‬ ‫‪~0110111011,‬‬ ‫~‪~3~11 0100‬‬ ‫~((‪1138 10 ~3‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 8(1(11~ 1~3~3‬‬
‫~‪~1.1((~111, 3110 38 3 (~81.111111~ 010~~111‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~8‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0100~8‬‬ ‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫(~~~‪01‬‬ ‫‪81~111~1~31111~.‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪81(11~1~ 8011.111011 10 11118 ~(001~(11,‬‬ ‫‪38 8110~11 111 ~1~. 12-123,‬‬ ‫‪18 10 ~0(~~ ~~1.1(11‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~~‪~011(1‬‬

‫‪~1~.‬‬
‫(‪(~81810‬‬
‫(‪811(1(111~ 0~ ~01111~~1111~ (1 (~81810‬‬
‫~~‪811(1(111~, 111~ 1~(1~(1‬‬
‫‪12-120.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫~‪~1.1((~111 0~ ~3~11 0100‬‬
‫~~‪5111~~ 111~ 101(11 1~(1~(1‬‬
‫‪(1~(088 ~(1~11 0100~.‬‬
‫‪~01.110‬‬
‫~‪~1.1((~111 (111.181 0‬‬
‫~~‪01.1~ 10 ~~1.1(11 ~011(1‬‬
‫‪0~ 01~~~(~111‬‬
‫‪811(1(~0‬‬
‫‪(1110 11118 18 8110~11 111‬‬
‫~‪0~ (1 0100‬‬ ‫‪(1110 118‬‬

‫)‪(12-18‬‬

‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪.,‬‬
‫‪/‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪~~~1‬‬
‫‪01‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪.....--‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪81‬‬ ‫‪~.1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~.1‬‬ ‫‪7 -‬‬ ‫‪- - -‬‬

‫‪....--‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪(/‬‬
‫‪~.2‬‬ ‫‪~ - - - -‬‬ ‫‪~.2‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪82‬‬
‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪(.‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪~~2‬‬
‫‪/‬‬

‫‪58~. 12-6‬‬ ‫‪407‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪8.‬‬
‫‪81‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫‪8(980~-‬‬ ‫‪().‬‬
‫‪5(8(9‬‬ ‫(‪1~805~90‬‬
‫‪1/0~(899‬‬
‫‪1/0~(899‬‬
‫‪5~8~~09‬‬
‫‪5~8~~09‬‬ ‫‪().‬‬
‫‪02‬‬
‫‪82‬‬ ‫~‪~..‬‬ ‫‪12-13‬‬ ‫‪5~~1~5 0100~5 ~11111/01(-‬‬
‫‪8.‬‬
‫~(‪38~-5113~111811~(~0~/(5 11110~~5(~30~-5(3‬‬
‫‪3110 1~31151~11((01101(/011.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪136.0118111‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫(‪3110 ~2 10‬‬ ‫~~‪~((1131 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪8113(111~ 38‬‬

‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫‪151 + ---121.= 152‬‬ ‫‪+---121.‬‬ ‫)‪(12-19‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫‪(~8181311~~8‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~((1131,‬‬ ‫‪~ = ~1 = ~2 3110 111~ 1~0‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~8‬‬ ‫~‪~01110 0‬‬
‫‪0111~(~111‬‬ ‫~‪811~1111)1 0~~~110111‬‬ ‫~‪011 111~ 01881(11113(111~8 01111‬‬ ‫‪1~0 1)-/ ~113(3~1~(186.~8.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~3111~8 01 ~ 1)1 3110 ~ 1)2 ~311 0~ 0~1~((11111~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0(11 ~((8.‬‬ ‫)‪(12-20‬‬ ‫~)‪3110 (12-21‬‬

‫‪~ 1)1‬‬ ‫‪~ 1)2‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪(12-20‬‬
‫‪151‬‬ ‫‪152‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪~ 1)1 + ~ 1)2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫)‪(12-21‬‬
‫~~‪111~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪8113(111~8 11110~( 1(31181~111 ~01101110118 (~.~.,‬‬ ‫‪011~ 10 8~11~11111~ 10308,‬‬ ‫‪11116.31‬‬
‫‪3~~11~36.0118‬‬ ‫)~~‪01 111~111 ~0113‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪3~~0(11~11811~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 ~01111~~1111~ ~3~3~110(8‬‬ ‫‪3~(088‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~3~110100~,‬‬
‫‪~0113~~.‬‬
‫‪~111~1118‬‬ ‫‪8110~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪12-13.‬‬ ‫~‪~511(11118 111~ (31‬‬ ‫~‪01 (18~ 01111‬‬ ‫~‪010~~111‬‬

‫(~~‪111111~11-~0‬‬ ‫‪3~~11~36.0118,‬‬ ‫‪0100~8‬‬ ‫‪3(~ ~01111~~1~0111‬‬ ‫~‪~3(311~110111~(~38‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~11((~111-‬‬

‫~‪~3(()1111‬‬ ‫‪~3~3(1111)110‬‬ ‫~‪(11~~1111‬‬ ‫‪0~81(~0‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111 (~((111(~(11~1118.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~11((~111 8113(111~8‬‬
‫‪01 0100~8‬‬ ‫‪~01110‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪111 3~~0(0111‬‬ ‫~~‪10 111~1( (~8~~~11‬‬ ‫‪10(~3(0‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪0(0~8.‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪1111110((11 ~11((~111 8113(111~ ~311 0~ 3~111~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 ~(0~10111‬‬ ‫‪~((1131111011~1311~~8‬‬ ‫‪(~.~.,‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬
‫)‪111~ 1~308‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 ~01111~~1111~ ~11((~111-8113(111‬‬ ‫‪(~81810(8‬‬ ‫‪(~111~11 (113)11101‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~(3~6.~31‬‬
‫(~~‪011~ 10 ~0‬‬ ‫~)‪1088~8‬‬ ‫‪3110 1111818 0~~1~1~0111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪12-14.‬‬ ‫~‪1118 ~088101‬‬ ‫~‪10 (111111(1112‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪11118 ~(001~(11‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 8~1~~6.11‬‬ ‫‪0100~8‬‬ ‫‪~1111 ~((113110(~3(0‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪0(0~8‬‬ ‫‪0( 0100~8‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫‪~03‬‬
‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪83‬‬ ‫‪82‬‬ ‫‪81‬‬

‫‪~11..~ 12-14‬‬ ‫‪~3~311~0-(01111~((~0‬‬

‫‪0100~5.‬‬

‫‪408‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪53111~ 1~~~.‬‬ ‫‪5111~~ 111~ 0100~5‬‬ ‫‪3(~ ~01111~~1~0111‬‬ ‫‪~3(311~1,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (~~~(5‬‬ ‫~‪010~~111‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~5‬‬
‫~‪01 ~3~11 0100‬‬ ‫‪~01110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ 53111~.‬‬

‫‪111~ ~113(3~1~(1511~5‬‬ ‫‪01 ~(3~11~31‬‬ ‫‪0100~5‬‬ ‫‪0111~( 1(0111 11131 0110~31‬‬ ‫‪0100~5.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (~~~(5‬‬
‫~(~~‪(~~0‬‬ ‫‪11111~ ~13~5‬‬ ‫‪3 51~11111~3111 (01~,‬‬ ‫~‪~5~~~1311‬‬
‫‪31 111~11-5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪5~11~11111~ 3~~11~3-‬‬
‫‪110115.‬‬ ‫‪0100~5‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬ ‫‪~1355111~0‬‬ ‫~‪11110 111(~~ 1~~~5~ (1) ~~11~(31-~11(~05‬‬ ‫‪0100~5,‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬

‫~(~~‪1351-(~~0‬‬ ‫‪0100~5,‬‬ ‫~~‪3110 (3) 5~11011‬‬ ‫‪0100~5.‬‬ ‫‪~1111011~113‬‬ ‫~~‪5~11011‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪0~113~~5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪35 3 ))11-)1111~11011 0100~,‬‬ ‫~(~‪111‬‬ ‫‪15 110 ~11~51~31‬‬ ‫~~‪)1111~11011~ 3110 35 3 (~51111 3 5~11011‬‬
‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫~‪15 3 1113)0(11‬‬ ‫(~‪~3((1‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~.‬‬ ‫~‪011 111~ 0111~( 113110, 3 ))11-)1111~11011 0100‬‬ ‫‪15 00111‬‬
‫~‪3 1113)0(11‬‬ ‫(~‪3110 3 1111110(11~ ~3((1‬‬ ‫‪0100~.‬‬
‫~‪111~ 1113111113~111(~(5 ~(0~10‬‬ ‫‪3 0313‬‬ ‫~‪511~~1 0~5~(10111‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~113(3~1~(1511~5‬‬ ‫‪1111~(1115‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪01 ~~(13111‬‬ ‫~~‪~~(10(111311‬‬ ‫‪~3(3111~1~(5.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~(‪)1111~11011 1~111~~(3111‬‬ ‫~‪1111111~11~~5 111~5‬‬
‫‪~3(3111~1~(5‬‬ ‫‪51~11111~31111~.‬‬
‫‪11 0100~5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪111 5~(1~5‬‬ ‫~‪10 111~(~35‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 010~~111‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪~3~301111~,‬‬
‫~‪~0113~~-5113(111‬‬ ‫‪11~1~0(~5‬‬ ‫~‪11110~( 51~30~-5131‬‬ ‫‪3110 1(31151~111 ~01101110115‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪(~().111(~0.‬‬
‫‪~11~11‬‬ ‫‪0100~5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪111 ~3(311~1‬‬ ‫~‪10 111~(~35‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~11((~111-~3((~111‬‬ ‫‪301111~,‬‬
‫~‪~11((~111-5113(111‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~111~1115 3‬‬ ‫‪3150 11~~~553(~.‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪12-1.‬‬
‫‪12-2.‬‬
‫‪12-3.‬‬
‫‪12-4.‬‬
‫‪12-5.‬‬
‫(~~‪~11(11 (1(~ 111~ 1)111~8 01110‬‬
‫‪~11(1118‬‬
‫‪~11(1118‬‬
‫‪~11(1118‬‬
‫‪~11(1118‬‬
‫‪(1 1~(1~(1~~ ~11((~111 01 0100~87‬‬
‫~‪(1 (~~~(8‬‬
‫~‪(1 (~~~(8‬‬
‫~‪(~~0~~()111111‬‬
‫‪(~~0~~()1‬‬
‫‪(1 801111~88 1(1~10( 01 0100~87‬‬
‫‪0100~87‬‬

‫‪01 0100~87‬‬
‫‪~11((~111 01 0100~87‬‬

‫‪12-6.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11 (1(~ 111~ (~~0~~()11)111~8‬‬ ‫‪01 0100~87‬‬

‫‪12-7.‬‬ ‫‪~11(1118‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~(1118~ 01 (~~~(8‬‬ ‫~‪(~~0~~()111111‬‬ ‫‪111(11711-)1111~110110100~7‬‬
‫‪12-8.‬‬ ‫~‪~11(11 18 111~ ~11~~1 01 (~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪(~~0~~()111111~7‬‬
‫‪12-9.‬‬ ‫‪~11)118‬‬ ‫‪1111~~~88(1()110‬‬ ‫‪118~ 1(181-(~~0~~()1‬‬ ‫‪0100~8‬‬ ‫‪10( 111~11-811~~0 8~11~11111~7‬‬
‫‪12-10.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11 18 (1 10(~(1(0‬‬ ‫‪(~~0~~()111111~7‬‬

‫‪12-11.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11 (1(~ 111~ 111(11110111~(~11~~8 0~1~~~111711-)1111~11011 0100~8‬‬ ‫‪(1110 5~11011~)1 0100~87‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪12-12.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11 (1(~ 111~ 1111111(1110118‬‬
‫‪01 5~11011~)1 0100~8 7‬‬
‫‪12-13.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~11(1118‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 1)1111~(11(~~~(8‬‬ ‫~‪(~~0~~()111111‬‬ ‫‪01 ~~11~((11-1111(1108~ 0100~87‬‬

‫‪12-14.‬‬ ‫‪~11(1118‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 1)1111~(11(~~~(8‬‬ ‫~‪(~~0~~()111111‬‬ ‫‪011(181-(~~0~~()1‬‬ ‫‪0100~87‬‬
‫‪12-15.‬‬ ‫‪~11(1118‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1)1111~(11111(1)(111111111‬‬
‫‪)1111~110111~11111~((1111(~01 0100~87‬‬
‫‪12-16.‬‬ ‫‪~11(1118‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 1111(1108~ 01 (1 ~11((~111-1111111111‬‬
‫‪111011~10(7‬‬

‫‪12-17.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11 (1(~ 111~ 11(001~1118 01 8~(1~8-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪0100~8,‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~11(11 (1(~ 111~ 11088101~ 80111-‬‬
‫‪1101187‬‬
‫‪12-18.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11 (1(~ 111~ 11(001~1118 01 11(1((111~1-~01111~~1~0 0100~8,‬‬ ‫~‪(1110 ~11(11 (1(~ 111~ 11088101‬‬
‫‪801111101187‬‬

‫‪409‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪12-19.‬‬ ‫‪111~0‬‬ ‫‪0100~5‬‬ ‫~‪31~ ~01111~~1~0 1115~11~5 ~11/1 ~(,/1131-~0113~~ 5/131111~5, ~/1)1 00 1/1~ 0100‬‬
‫~~‪1~3/(3‬‬ ‫‪~1111~1115 0111~17‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪12-1.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 1~~~15~ 1~~0~~1)111111~ 01 3 0100~ 15 (,,‬‬
‫~‪= 5 ~5 3110 1/1~ 131~ 011311 011/1~ 0100‬‬
‫‪~1111~111 15 ()//()( = 80 ~/~5.‬‬ ‫)‪111/1~ 501111~5513~101 15 5~ = 0.5, 0~1~1111111~1/1~ (3‬‬
‫‪51013~~ ~/131~~, (2~~~ 3110 (/)) ~~3/( 1~~~15~ ~1111~111, /~~.‬‬
‫‪12-2.‬‬ ‫(‪1/1~ ~~3/‬‬ ‫~~‪111~111~0113‬‬ ‫~~‪01 3 5111~1~-~/135~ /1311-~3‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫= ~ ~ ‪1~~1111~1 15‬‬ ‫‪169 ~ 31‬‬
‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪1-12 3110 1/1~ 1030‬‬ ‫~~‪1~5151311‬‬
‫‪1.2 0.‬‬ ‫~~ ‪15‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪1/1~ 1~~~15~ 1~~0~~1)111111~ 15 (,, = 4‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫))‪~5. 111/1~ 501111~5513~10115 5~ = 0, 0~1~1111111~ 1/1~ (3) 51013~~ ~/131~~. (2~~~ 3110 (/‬‬
‫‪~~3/( 1~~~15~ ~1111~111, /~~.‬‬
‫‪12-3.‬‬ ‫~‪~0111 1~ 300-‬‬ ‫‪800- ~ 0100~5‬‬ ‫~~‪011)1‬‬ ‫~~‪~23‬‬ ‫~~‪31~ 115~0 101 1/1~ 5111~1~-~/135~ 0110‬‬
‫‪1~~1111~1 111~1~. 2-153.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ 11115~3111~ 011/1‬‬ ‫‪15 ~,‬‬‫~~‪111~111~0113‬‬
‫‪= 120 ~ 31 2 /(1-12‬‬
‫‪3110‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫~~‪1~5151311‬‬ ‫~ ‪15‬‬
‫‪= 0.2 0.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 11111~110111~111~~131111~ 3110 311101~111‬‬
‫‪31~ 1) = 1250~ 31101/1‬‬
‫~‪1~111~~131111‬‬
‫~~‪= 400~, 1~5~~~11~~1)1. 0~1~1111111~ 1/1~ (3) 3~~13‬‬
‫‪~0~~11055.‬‬ ‫~~~‪~ 0~ (/)) 111513111311~0115101~310 ~0113~~ 010~, 1)~~ (~) 1~~0~~1)1 ~/131~~, (2‬‬
‫‪(()) 1~~~15~ 1~~0~~1)111111~, (,,~ (~) ~35~ 1~111~~131111~, 1~~ 3110 (0 1/1~1111311~5151311~~ 01‬‬
‫‪/1~31 5111/(, ~(0$/1.‬‬ ‫‪~5511111~ 001101~-510~0‬‬ ‫~~‪~001111~ 3110 ~35~-10-5111/( 1/1~1111311~5151311‬‬
‫‪01 ~(0~8‬‬ ‫‪= 0.0300~.‬‬
‫‪12-4.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~100.‬‬ ‫)‪12-3111‬‬ ‫‪= 250~ 3110 1/1 = 00~.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪12-5.‬‬ ‫~‪51)( 1~ 300-‬‬
‫‪~1~. 2-18.‬‬
‫~‪800-‬‬ ‫~~‪0100~5 011)1~~ ~23‬‬ ‫~‪31~ 115~0 111 1/1~ 1/11~~-~/135‬‬
‫‪1/1~ 11115~3111~ 01111~1111111~ ~0113~~ 15 ~5 = 208 ~ 31 60 1-12 3110 1/1~ 1030‬‬
‫‪1~5151311~~15 ~ = 0.3 0.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ 11111~110111~111~~131111~ 3110 311101~111 1~111~~131111~ 31‬‬
‫‪1) = 1250~ 3110 1/1 = 250~ 1~5~~~11~~1)1.‬‬ ‫‪0~1~1111111~ 1/1~ (3) 3~~13~~ ~0~~1 1055,‬‬
‫~‪~ 0~ (/)) 111513111311~0115101~310 ~0113~~ 010~~ 1)~~ (~) 1~~0~~1)1 ~/131~~. (2~~~ ~(()) 1~~~15‬‬
‫‪1~~1111~1 01‬‬

‫‪1~~0~~1)111111~. (,,~ (~) ~35~ 1~111~~131111~. 1 ~~ 3110 (0 1/1~1111311~5151311~~ 01 /1~31 5111/(,‬‬

‫‪~(0.~/1.‬‬ ‫‪~5511111~ 001101~-510~0‬‬ ‫‪~001111~ 3110 ~35~-10-5111/( 1/1~1111311~5151311~~ 01 ~(~(.8‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪0.030~~.‬‬
‫‪12-6.‬‬ ‫‪~ 1~ 0100~,‬‬ ‫‪300~.‬‬ ‫‪800~,‬‬ ‫‪1)1~~ ~23~~,‬‬ ‫‪15115~0101‬‬ ‫‪~/131~~ 1~~~1531111 3 ~0111111111311011‬‬
‫‪~11~1111, 3110 1/1~ ~(,/111~31~111 ~11~1111 15 5/10~11 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪12-7.‬‬ ‫~~‪1/115 ~/131‬‬ ‫‪1~~~1531‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪1~~~31~0‬‬ ‫‪31 3 11~(,/11~11~)1 01/,‬‬ ‫‪= 1.5 /(1-12. ~ = 80 ~~. 1.- = 20 ~1-1, 3110 ~,.‬‬
‫‪= 220‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫(‪111/1~ 0100~ 513115 ~011011~1111~ 31 ( = 0, 0~1~1111111~ 1/1~ (3) ~~3/‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪~1111~111.‬‬
‫~‪/,,‬‬ ‫))‪(/‬‬ ‫‪~101/1 011/1~ ~1111~111 ~1115~, (,~ 3110 (~) 5~11~/1111~ 1055, ~5.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪12-7.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ ~1111~111~3~~101111‬‬ ‫‪1/11011~/1 3 1~ 0100~,‬‬ ‫‪300 ~,‬‬ ‫‪800 ~,‬‬ ‫‪1)1~~ ~23~~,‬‬ ‫‪15 5/10~11111‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~1~. ~12-7.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 11~(,/11~11~)15~11~/1111~151, = 2 /(1-12.‬‬ ‫‪0~1~1111111~ 1/1~ 5~11~/1111~ 1055, ~5.‬‬

‫‪.,1~(1..~ ..12-7‬‬

‫‪12-8.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫‪0100~5‬‬ ‫~‪111 111~ 1/11~~-~/135‬‬ ‫~~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪1~~1111~1 01 ~1~. 2-183‬‬ ‫~‪/13~~ 1~~~15‬‬ ‫‪1~~0~~1)1‬‬
‫‪11111~, (,, = 50 ~5 3110 1/1~ 11115~3111~ 01111~1111111~ ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪~5 = 208~.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~1111111‬‬

‫‪410‬‬
 ‫~‪111~ ~11~~1 01111~ 1~.,~15‬‬
‫‪11111~011‬ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪1~~0.,~1‬‬
‫~~‪ 111~ 3.,~13‬ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ‬ ‫‪0~1~~1‬‬ ‫~~‪.,0113‬‬ ‫~‪11111~ 5~~~1‬‬
‫~~‪11~().~~11‬‬ ‫)‪15 (3‬‬ ‫‪1, = 2 /(1-(2, 3110 (/)) 1, = 60 1-(2.‬‬
‫‪12-9.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~110~~~1‬‬ ‫‪~11~~11 01 ~1~. 12-93 15 0~~131~0‬‬ ‫‪31 3 11~().~~11~~ 011, = 1.5 /(1-(2 3110 3‬‬
‫‪0~1~ ~~~1~ 01 /( = 25%.‬‬ ‫= ‪111~ 1030 15 111~111~1110~~11.,~ 3110 013~5 3 ~~11~111 0110‬‬
‫‪750~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11~~~11~~1111~ 0100~ 1),,, 15 1~ 1~~~ ~23~~,‬‬ ‫‪300 ~, 800~.‬‬ ‫‪11 0.1/0./‬‬
‫‪1111111111~1110~~101, ~, = 10 /1-5, 0~ 111~~1 .,0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪~, = 400 ~, 3110 111~ 1~11~11011‬‬
‫~‪1~111~~131~1~ 15 111311113111~031 1) = 1250~, 0~1~1111111~ 111~ (3) ~~3/( ~~11~111 01 111‬‬
‫~~ ‪5~11~11, 1/,~ (/)) .,31~~ 01 ~, 10 1/11111111~ ~~3/( 1~.,~15~ .,0113~~ 01 0100~ 1),~ 10 600‬‬
‫~~‪3110 (~) 3.,~13‬‬ ‫‪~0~~1‬‬ ‫‪1055~5 111111~ 11~~~11~~1111~ 0100~,‬‬ ‫‪11().‬‬
‫‪12-10.‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪0100~5‬‬ ‫~~‪31~ ~01111~~1~0 1115~11~5 3110 111~ .,0113‬‬ ‫~‪3~1055 ~3~11 0100‬‬ ‫‪15 111311113111~0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~ ‪111~ 53111~ 0~ ~01111~~1111~.,0113~~-51131111~ 1~515101, 5~~1111131‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~()2‬‬
‫‪= 2000 ~ 3110‬‬
‫‪~1 = 100 /(11. 111~ 1)-1 ~11313~1~11511~ 01111~ 0100~5 15 5110~11 111 ~1~. ~12-10.‬‬ ‫‪0~-‬‬
‫~‪1~1111111~111~ 1~3/(3~~ ~~11~1115 01 ~3~11 0100~ 3110 111~ 1~5151311~~ ~2 3~1055 0100‬‬ ‫‪1)2.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪150‬‬

‫‪100‬‬

‫‪50‬‬
‫‪2200‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬ ‫‪1600‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬

‫‪./‬‬
‫‪./‬‬
‫‪,/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬

‫‪)~0..~ ..12-10‬‬

‫‪12-11.‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪0100~5‬‬ ‫‪31~ ~01111~~1~0111 ~31311~13110‬‬ ‫‪111~ 101~310‬‬ ‫~‪.,0113~~ 010‬‬ ‫~‪3~1055 ~3~11 0100‬‬
‫‪15 1.5~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1)-1 ~11313~1~11511~5 01 0100~5‬‬ ‫~‪31~ 5110~11 111~1~. ~12-10‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~1111111~ 111‬‬
‫‪101~310‬‬ ‫‪~~11~1115 11110~~11 ~3~11 0100~.‬‬
‫‪12-12.‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪0100~5‬‬ ‫‪31~ ~01111~~1~0 111 ~31311~1 35 5110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪12-/4,‬‬ ‫~‪~1111 ~~11~111-51131111‬‬
‫‪1~5151311~~5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1)-1 ~11313~1~11511~5 31~ 5110~11111 ~1~. ~12-10.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10131 ~~11~11115‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪1.,. = 200~.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ .,0113~~ 3~1055 3 0100‬‬ ‫‪3110/15 1~5151311~~ 151) = 2.5~.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~1111111‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪111~ .,31~~5 011~5151311~~5‬‬ ‫‪~1 3110 ~2 11111~ ~~11~111 15 51131~0 ~().~311~ 0~ 111~ 0100~5.‬‬
‫‪12-13.‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪0100~5‬‬ ‫‪31~ ~01111~~1~0 111 5~11~5 35 5110~11 111~1~.‬‬ ‫‪12-12.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1~5151311~~ 3~1055‬‬
‫‪111~ 0100~5‬‬ ‫‪31~ ~1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫‪= 10 /(11.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111~1110~ .,0113~~ 15 5 /(~.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 1~3/(3‬‬
‫‪~1111~111531~ 1,1 = 25 111~ 31101,2 = 40111~.‬‬ ‫‪0~1~1111111~ 111~.,0113~~ 3~1055111~ 0100~5.‬‬

‫‪411‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪13‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬
‫‪81810(8,‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1((11181810(8‬‬ ‫‪11(1~~ ~0111(011~0‬‬

‫‪18 (111.1~11111~11~( 111(111111(11 01111)1(1810(8‬‬

‫~‪(1110 0~-(1‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(8,~1111‬‬
‫‪11.1(11-011 (1110 11.1(11-011 ~11(1((1~1~(1811~8.‬‬
‫‪~111~11 (1(~ 1.18~0 (18 8~11~11111~ ~1~(11~1118, (1(~ 0~~((11~0‬‬
‫~‪(~81.111111~ 111(110‬‬ ‫~~‪011-81(11~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪0(0~.‬‬

‫~‪111~~(8‬‬
‫‪111~ 8~11~11111~ 8~~~0‬‬

‫‪~(1((111~1-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪0100~8‬‬
‫‪111~ 1((111-‬‬
‫‪111111~ 8(111.1((111011 (~~1011,‬‬
‫‪01 (1100~(111((11181810(8‬‬
‫‪(1110 111~)1 (1(~ ~)(1~1181~~1)1 ~(11~10)1~0‬‬
‫~‪10 ~(0~10‬‬
‫~‪111 0~-0‬‬
‫‪0101(~~-‬‬
‫‪11011(11 ~1.1((~111 110~.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫~~‪111~1( ~011(1‬‬ ‫(~~‪(1110 ~1.1((~111 ((11111~8 (1(~ 10‬‬ ‫‪111(111‬‬
‫~‪11108‬‬ ‫‪01 111)1(1810(8‬‬ ‫‪(1110 1((11181810(8‬‬ ‫~‪(1(~ 110((11(111)1 1.18~0 111 10‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫(~~‪(11~011.1(11 ~0‬‬
‫‪(1~~11~(1110118.‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪1((11181810(8 ~(111 0~ ~1(188111~0 0(0(101)111110‬‬ ‫~‪111(~~ ~(11~~0(1~8‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫(‪131~01(1‬‬ ‫‪11.111~110111((11181810(8‬‬ ‫)‪(13118‬‬

‫‪2.‬‬ ‫(‪~~1(11-0)(10~-8~(111~01101.1~10‬‬ ‫‪11~10-~11~~1‬‬ ‫‪1((11181810(8‬‬ ‫)‪(~05~~18‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫(‪~~1(11-0)(10~-8~(111~01101.1~10‬‬ ‫‪11181.11(11~0-~(11~ 1((11181810(8‬‬ ‫)‪(~051018‬‬

‫(~‪111 ~(1(11‬‬ ‫‪~11(1~1~(8,‬‬ ‫‪13118‬‬ ‫‪0( ~05~~18‬‬ ‫~(~~‬ ‫‪(1881.1(11~0 (18 10~(11 8~11~11~8 10‬‬
‫(~~‪~)(~1(1111 111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(81011‬‬ ‫‪1~~11111()1.1~8.‬‬ ‫‪11 18 00~101.18 111(11 (1 1((11181810( 8~11~1118‬‬
‫(~‪(111.1~1181(11~1‬‬ ‫‪111(111 (1 10(~~0-~0(11(111.11(11~0‬‬ ‫(‪111)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪8~11~11.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~1101‬‬
‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪(1 1311‬‬ ‫‪(1110 (1 ~05~~1111‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.1118 ~(18 1101 00~101.18 (1110 111~)1‬‬
‫~(~~‬ ‫‪8110~11‬‬ ‫~‪81(11~1)1 10 0~(1101181((11‬‬ ‫‪111(11 ~1111~( 01 111~(11 ~(111 (~~1(1~~ (1 111)1(1810(,‬‬
‫‪~(0~10~0‬‬ ‫~~‪111(11 111~1( ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~1.1((~111 ((11111~8 (11~~1 111~ 01.11~1.11 (~()1.11(~(11~1118‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬

‫‪412‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪111~ ~00~~(1~(.‬‬ ‫‪~(3~11~311(3051510(5‬‬ ‫(~‪0111‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 11131 0~ 10~31‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪1(30-‬‬
‫‪51510(5‬‬ ‫‪113~~ ~~(1310‬‬ ‫‪1111111311005 300‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪(~51(1~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10 50111~ 3~~11~311005.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~113(-‬‬
‫‪3~1~(1511~5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪(3110~5‬‬ ‫~~~‪0~ ~3~111‬‬ ‫‪51101110 0~ ~)(311110~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 0~1~(11110‬‬ ‫~‪115 51111(/01111‬‬
‫(‪10 3 ~3(11~1113‬‬ ‫‪3~~11~31100.‬‬

‫‪~ 01~013( 1(3051510( 15 ~0(111~0 0~ 30010~ 3 5~~000 ~- 0( 11-(~~100 10 3/111-)110~1100‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0100~.‬‬ ‫‪~11111~0‬‬ ‫‪11-(~~1005 300 00~ /1-(~~100, 1~0 )110~11005 3(~ ~0(111~0 300 1115‬‬
‫‪~00~0‬‬ ‫‪35 3 11/111-(,.(111515(0,.,35 5110~0 10 ~1~. 13-13.‬‬ ‫‪~11111~0‬‬ ‫~‪/1-(~~1005 300 00‬‬
‫‪11-(~~100, 1115 ~311~0 35 3/111/1-(,.(1115/5(0,., 35 5110~010 ~1~. 13-10.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111(~~ 1~(11110315‬‬
‫‪3(~ 03111~0 35 ~0//~~(0,., ~1111((~,., 300 /)(15~. ~ 01~013( 1(3051510( 1135 1~0 )110~11005,‬‬
‫~‪~011~~10(-035‬‬ ‫(~‪)110~1100 (~131) 300 035~-~111111‬‬ ‫‪)110~1100 (13~1).‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫‪1(3051510(5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0~ ~3(10115 512~5 3(~ 5110~0 10 ~1~. 13-2.‬‬

‫‪~1111011~11‬‬ ‫~(~‪111‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫~~(‪111‬‬ ‫~‪~055101‬‬ ‫‪~00~1~11(311005-~011111100-~011~~10(,‬‬ ‫‪~011111100-‬‬

‫‪035~,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪~011111100-~111111~(-111‬‬ ‫(~‪~011111100-~111111‬‬ ‫‪~00~1~11(31100,‬‬ ‫‪~111~1115‬‬ ‫‪5110~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-33‬‬ ‫‪~0( 3 11/111-1(3051510(,‬‬ ‫~‪15 ~~0~(311‬‬ ‫~‪115~0 10 5~11~1110‬‬ ‫‪3~~11~311005.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪1~~1~3110~111‬‬ ‫‪~113(3~1~(1511~5‬‬
‫(~‪0~ 035~ ~11((~01, 18, 3~31051 035~-~111111‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪11810,‬‬
‫‪3(~ 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~. 13-30.‬‬ ‫‪~1~11(~ 13-3~ 5110~5 111~ 1~~1~31 0111~111 ~113(3~1~(1511~5‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪~011~~10( ~11((~01, 1~, 3~31051 ~011~~10(-~111111~( ~0113~~, 11~10. ~0( 3/111/1-1(3051510(,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪111~ ~013(111~5‬‬

‫‪3~15‬‬
‫~(~‪111‬‬
‫‪10 111~ ~1110~~ (~~100,‬‬
‫‪11 00‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫‪35 30‬‬
‫(~‪~011~~10(-~111111‬‬
‫‪0~ 311 ~11((~015‬‬
‫~‪3(~ 111(~~ 0~~(3110‬‬

‫‪00111 )110~11005‬‬
‫‪3111~1111~(,‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬
‫~(~‪~11‬‬
‫‪300‬‬

‫(‪111~ 1(3051510‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬
‫‪~0113~~5‬‬
‫‪(~~1005‬‬

‫~‪(~~~(5‬‬
‫(‪111~ ~011~~10‬‬
‫‪0~~(~35~5‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬

‫~‪15 0~~ 0( 111~ 035‬‬

‫‪0135~0.‬‬
‫‪(~~~(5~0.‬‬
‫~(‪0~ 3 1(3051510‬‬

‫‪~11((~01‬‬
‫~‪~1111 111~ 035‬‬
‫‪~1110~~, 3~11~~,‬‬
‫‪~11((~0115‬‬
‫~~‪10 111~ 3~11‬‬
‫‪15 3111~11~1~0‬‬
‫‪~11((~01.‬‬
‫‪001‬‬
‫‪(~~100,‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪30053111(31100.‬‬
‫‪~0011~1110‬‬
‫(‪111~ 1(3051510‬‬
‫‪3 ~310‬‬
‫‪~131‬‬
‫‪300‬‬
‫‪111(0‬‬

‫~‪15 (~~~(5‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬

‫‪0135~0‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111~ 13~115‬‬ ‫‪~0(~3(0-0135~0.‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 53111(31100‬‬ ‫‪(~~100,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 035‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬
‫(~‪15 511~~1~1~011~ 111~11 50 11131 111~ ~011~~10(-~111111‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫~‪15 10‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 1(3051510‬‬

‫~‪1()01~8~(0‬‬ ‫)(‬

‫‪,,‬‬ ‫~‪~1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪8858‬‬ ‫‪8858‬‬ ‫‪,,‬‬ ‫‪~18‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪8‬‬
‫‪,,‬‬
‫~‪~1‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‪~,,,~((8‬‬ ‫~‪~,,,~((8‬‬
‫~‪(8) ,,~,,-(~8,,5~5(0‬‬ ‫~‪(0) ~,,~-(~8,,5~5(0‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪13-2‬‬ ‫‪413‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪...~..~ 13-2 ~/1~ 1(311515-‬‬
‫)‪10(5. (~0/./,(~$)1 0/ /10~~,~~, 1~~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪3~15 3$ 3 5~11~11.‬‬ ‫‪80111‬‬ ‫‪)1111~110115 (~131‬‬ ‫)‪3110 8~1‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 10~3(0‬‬ ‫‪0135~0.‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ 1(31151‬‬
‫‪~113(3~1~(1511~,‬‬ ‫‪~111~1115‬‬ ‫‪3 ~101 01 ~~10 3~3111511/3,‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-4.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪(1100~1‬‬ ‫(‪01 3 11)711-1(31151510‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-5‬‬ ‫(~‪11110‬‬ ‫‪13(~~-51~1131‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪0~~(311011.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~~11311011‬‬ ‫‪(~131111~ 111~ ~11((~1115 15‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~8‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫~~‬
‫‪(8) 8(~~~~10~89~801‬‬ ‫‪(0) ~,,~~1~~8~8~18~~51~~5‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪414‬‬
 ‫‪...,.,..‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫_‪~(.8101/ ~_~~1~.,,8‬‬ ‫~‪~-881(.8~81~0‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
‫‪...,.,..(58()-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪0.5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪001~01 ~0((~111.‬‬ ‫~‪10~ (3110 0110‬‬ ‫‪~011~~10( ~0((~111, 1~, 10 035~ ~0((~111, 18, 15 )(110~11‬‬
‫‪35‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(‪~11,.,.~11‬‬ ‫‪8(1111,‬‬ ‫~~‬
‫~‪1‬‬
‫= ~‬ ‫~~‪/7‬‬ ‫‪= -18‬‬ ‫)‪(13-2‬‬

‫(~‪10~ ~011~~10( ~0((~111 035 1~0 ~0(11~011~1115~ 011~ 00~ 10 10~ 035~ ~0((~111 3110 010‬‬
‫‪011~ 15 10~ 1~3)(3~~ ~0((~111 0110~ ~)31.‬‬

‫~‪1‬‬ ‫‪= ~18 + 1~~0‬‬ ‫)‪(13-3‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫~(~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1~~0 15 10~ ~011~~10(-10-~(11111~( 1~3)(3~~ ~0((~111 ~110 035~ 0~~11 ~1(~011 3110‬‬
‫‪~311 0~ ~011510~(~0 11~~11~101~ ~0(11~3(~0 10 ~18.‬‬
‫‪~(0(11 ~~5. (13-1) 3110 (13-3),‬‬

‫‪1~ = 18(1 + ~) + 1~~0‬‬ ‫)‪(13-4‬‬

‫)~ ‪= 18(1 +‬‬ ‫)‪(13-43‬‬

‫_‬ ‫‪~+1‬‬
‫‪1~ = 1~( 1 +‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫)‪(13-5‬‬
‫~ ‪~) -‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~011~~10( ~0((~111 ~311 0~ ~,.~(~55~0‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫~‪1‬‬ ‫~‪= 0.1‬‬ ‫)‪(13-6‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫~(~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~011513111 0. 15 (~131~0 10‬‬ ‫‪~ 0)1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0.=-‬‬
‫~‬ ‫)‪(13-7‬‬
‫‪~+‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪~--‬‬ ‫)‪(13-8‬‬
‫‪1 - 0.‬‬

‫‪58~. 13-2‬‬ ‫‪415‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪8‬‬
‫~(‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~~~(8‬‬
‫‪88‬‬

‫‪1~0,‬‬
‫~~‪~1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1.~1118‬‬ ‫(~‪~0081(/‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1(~1111 01 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-6,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 1(3081810‬‬ ‫‪18 0()~(31~(/‬‬ ‫‪38 3‬‬
‫‪8~11~11.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(13-9‬‬

‫)‪(13-10‬‬

‫)‪(13-11‬‬

‫=‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪.8().1131100 (13-11) 10(/1~31~8 11131 38 100~ 38 1100 ~ 11810, 111~ ~131 ~111 0~ (~~~(8‬‬
‫‪0138~(/ 30(/ 111~ 1(3081810( ~111 0~ 10 111~ 3~11~~ (~~100.‬‬

‫‪_ 11‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫(‪111~ (03)(1(011(0 ~011~~10‬‬
‫‪~11((~01 10 111~ 3~11~~ (~~100, ~111~11 ~30 0~ 001310~(/ 0)1 8~1110~ 11‬‬
‫‪11~10, 18‬‬
‫‪~8‬‬

‫‪11~10‬‬
‫‪0 30(/ 11810‬‬

‫‪_ 11‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪11810‬‬

‫=‬

‫‪/ ~/14 -‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪(13-12‬‬

‫~~‬ ‫~~‬
‫‪30(/‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~0((~8()00(/10‬‬ ‫~‪~3111~ 01 038‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬

‫_‬ ‫‪/~/14‬‬
‫‪/ 8/14 -‬‬ ‫)‪(13-13‬‬
‫‪(3‬‬
‫~‪11111~ 038‬‬ ‫‪~11((~0118‬‬ ‫‪10~(~38~(/‬‬ ‫~~‪300‬‬ ‫‪/8/14,‬‬ ‫‪11810 10~(~38~8‬‬ ‫‪30(/‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪~11110~(~38‬‬ ‫‪30(/‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 11~10 ~1111311 0~10‬‬ ‫~‪11810. 11118 ~111 ~0011011‬‬ ‫‪110111111~ ~13118‬‬
‫‪10~3((/‬‬ ‫‪0138~(/‬‬ ‫‪~1111 118~ 01 300111 0.4‬‬ ‫‪10 0.5~.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 1(3081810‬‬ ‫‪111~0 ~0~8 1010‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪83111(31100.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (,.((11515(0,. 5(((/1,.(((1011 (03)1 0~ (/~110~(/‬‬ ‫‪38 111~ ()0101‬‬ ‫~~‪300‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 (0)1‬‬
‫~‪10~(~38‬‬ ‫~‪10 111~ 038‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪(/0~8‬‬ ‫~‪00110~(~38‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪81~0111~(011)1.‬‬
‫‪10 111~ 83111(31100,‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪(~(03108‬‬ ‫‪31(0081‬‬ ‫‪~0081301.‬‬ ‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫‪~01-‬‬
‫(~‪1~~10(-~(0111‬‬ ‫‪83111(31100‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫(‪18 11~10($3(), 111~ ~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~0118‬‬

‫)‪(13-14‬‬

‫‪416‬‬
 ‫~‪(1110 10.~ ~0((~5~0110111‬‬ ‫~‪~(110‬‬
‫‪ 15‬ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪01 0(15~ ~0((~111‬‬

‫‪1~,5‬‬
‫‪1/35‬‬ ‫‪= -‬‬ ‫)‪(13-15‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪~0((11(111)1,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1(~011‬‬ ‫‪15 0~51~11~0‬‬ ‫(~‪50 10.(111/3 15 0.1~0.‬‬ ‫‪10.(111 1 /35.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫‪((1110 011/3‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫~)‪1/35 15 ~(111~0 10.~ 01)~,0111‬‬ ‫‪1(1~(0,,‬‬ ‫~~‪00‬‬

‫= ~‪00‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫)‪(13-16‬‬

‫‪1/35‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(1110 10.~ ((1110 011~5‬‬ ‫‪10 1/3 15 ~(111~0 (1510,~~(/‬‬ ‫~(~‪~, ~/ ~0.‬‬
‫_‬ ‫‪1~5‬‬
‫‪(.1.‬‬
‫‪~/ -‬‬
‫)‪(13-17‬‬
‫‪1/3‬‬

‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫(~~‪101(11 ~0‬‬ ‫‪1055 111 111~ 1~0‬‬ ‫‪)011~110115‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‬ ‫= ‪-,‬‬ ‫‪~ /3101/3 +‬‬ ‫~‪~ ~101‬‬ ‫)‪( 13-18‬‬

‫~~‪~ 0.1~0. ~(110~ 01 0~~(0(1‬‬ ‫~~‪1(1~10( ~111 1101 (~00~~ 10.~ ~011~~10(-~(11111~( ~011(1‬‬
‫~‪51~11111~(11111)1.1-10~~~~(, ~ /310~111111~(~(15~ 00~ 10 111~(~(15~0 0(15~ ~0((~111, (~5011111‬‬
‫(~~‪111111~(~(15~0 ~0‬‬ ‫‪1055 11110.~ 1381.‬‬

‫‪~)(801()1~ 13-1‬‬

‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫(‪01~013‬‬ ‫~~‪1(31181810( 111 ~1~. 13-6 18 8~~~111~() 10 0.3‬‬ ‫~‪11110.~ (311~~ 8 10 40. 10.‬‬ ‫~‬
‫)(‪103‬‬ ‫~~‪(~8181311‬‬ ‫~~ ‪18‬‬ ‫‪= 11 0.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ ()~ 811~~1)1 ~0113~~ 18 ~ ~~ = 200 , 311()10.~111~111‬‬
‫‪,.‬‬
‫‪11 ~ 00(..() = 1.0 , 311()~ 810(,.()= 1.5‬‬ ‫‪,,‬‬
‫‪~0113~~ 10 10.~ 038~ ~1(~111118~ 8 = 10‬‬
‫)‪1111()10.~ (3) ~3111~ 01 ~ 8 10.31 (~811118 111 83111(311011 ~110. 311 0~~(()(1~~ 13~10( 01 5 ~ (0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫)(~~(‪10‬‬
‫)(‪~ ~ 311‬‬ ‫)~(‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1088 111 10.~ 1(31181810(,‬‬

‫~‪80101100 ~~~ = 200 ,, ~01.0= 8, ~01.. = 40, ~~ = 11 0, 00‬‬

‫‪~~10(..()= 1.0 ,, 311()~810(,.()= 1.5 ,. ~(01116~. (13-14), /~5 = (200‬‬
‫‪18.1~.‬‬
‫)‪(13-16‬‬
‫‪~(0111 6~. (13-15), /85 = 18.1/~01.0 = 18.1/8 = 2.2625~.‬‬
‫(‪~1~~8 10.~ 038~ ~11((~11110‬‬ ‫~~‪311 0~~(()(1‬‬
‫‪11.,.‬‬

‫‪13~10( 01 5,‬‬
‫‪= 5, ~8 = 10 ,,‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫=‪1.0)/11‬‬
‫‪6~11311011‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪/8‬‬ ‫‪= 5‬‬ ‫‪2.2625‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪11.3125‬‬ ‫~‬

‫)‪(3) 6~11311011 (13-9‬‬ ‫‪~1~~8 10.~ (~~111(~() ~3111~ 01 ~8,‬‬

‫‪~8 - ~810(..() 10 - 1.5‬‬

‫= ‪~8‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.75140‬‬
‫‪/8‬‬ ‫‪11.3125‬‬
‫‪(0) ~(01116~. (13-17), ~/ = 18.1/11.3125 = 1.6.‬‬
‫)‪(~) 6~11311011 (13-18‬‬ ‫(~~‪)11~1()8 10.~ 10131 ~0‬‬ ‫‪1088 38‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪11.,‬‬ ‫‪= 1.5‬‬ ‫‪11.3125 + 1.0‬‬ ‫~ ‪18.1 = 16.97 + 18.1 = 35.07‬‬

‫‪1-/0(~. ~0( (1110~~(0(1~~ 1(1~10( 0110,‬‬ ‫‪1/3 = 22.265 ~ (1110 10.~ ~0~~( 1055 ~111‬‬
‫‪)( 22.265‬‬ ‫‪+ 18.1 = 51.5~.‬‬ ‫~‪011~~ 10.~ 1((11151510( 15 5(110((11~0, 10.‬‬
‫‪0~ ~-,‬‬ ‫‪= 1.5‬‬
‫(~‪~011~~10(-~(11111‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪15 1101 (~00~~0‬‬ ‫‪111 (~1(111011 10 10.~ 111~(~(15~ 111 0(15~ ~0((~111.‬‬
‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪1055 15 111~(~(15~0.‬‬ ‫~~‪~1 (1 0.1~0. ~(110~ 01 0~~(0(1‬‬ ‫~‪1(1~10(, 10.‬‬

‫‪417‬‬
‫‪58~. 13-2‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫(‪1((1051510‬‬ ‫‪(0(1)1 0~ 0(1(0(10~~0‬‬ ‫‪011~ 10 111.~((0(11 (110~(1)1.‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫~‪111.~ 0111.~( 11.(1110, 11111.‬‬
‫(‪1((1051510‬‬ ‫‪15 1100~(0(1~~0‬‬ ‫~‪(113 ~ 1~5), 11 (0(1)1 0~~((11‬‬ ‫‪10 111.~ (1~11~~ (~~100‬‬ ‫‪(100 1100‬‬
‫‪~11110~(~(15~,‬‬ ‫~‪(~5111110‬‬ ‫‪10 10~(~(15~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1055.‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪10(~(1(0-01(15~01711-)110~1100‬‬ ‫‪~)(11.10115 1~0‬‬ ‫~‪~(1((111~1 ~(1~(1~11(10~~5‬‬ ‫(~‪(1 0~~1~1100-1(1)1‬‬

‫~~‪~(1~(1~11(10‬‬ ‫‪(100 (1 0111115100‬‬ ‫‪~(1~(1~11(10~~.‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪111.~ 0111.~( 11.(100, (1 (~~~(5~-01(15~01711-‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪)110~1100‬‬ ‫‪11.(15 0(1)1‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~1100‬‬ ‫‪~(1~(1~11(10~~.‬‬ ‫(~‪000‬‬ ‫‪51~(10)1-51(11~ ~000111005,‬‬ ‫~‪111.~5‬‬
‫‪~(1~(1~11(10~~5‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪001‬‬ ‫‪~1(1)1 (10)1 (01~.‬‬ ‫‪110~~~~(,‬‬ ‫(~‪1100‬‬ ‫‪1((1051~01‬‬ ‫‪~000111005,‬‬ ‫‪111.~)1‬‬
‫~‪~001(10111‬‬ ‫‪10 111.~ 111(0-00‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪111(0-011‬‬ ‫(‪0~11.(1~10‬‬ ‫~‪01111.‬‬ ‫‪1((1051510(.‬‬
‫‪111.~ (000~1‬‬ ‫(‪01 (1 1((1051510‬‬ ‫(~‪1100‬‬ ‫‪1((1051~01‬‬ ‫‪~000111005‬‬ ‫‪15 511.0~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-7,‬‬
‫~(~‪~11.‬‬ ‫‪~~/) (100 ~/)_ (1(~ 111.~ ~11~~11~~ ~(1~(1~11(10~~5‬‬ ‫‪01111.~ ~131‬‬ ‫‪(100 13~1,‬‬ ‫‪(~5~~~11~~1)1.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪111.~ (,(1115~0110-/4~((111~~, 8,,,, 01 (1 131115‬‬ ‫‪0~110~0‬‬ ‫~‪(15 111.~ ((1110 011‬‬ ‫‪10 111310.‬‬ ‫~‪111.~5‬‬
‫‪~(1~(1~11(10~~5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 0~~~00~01‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪111.~ )110~1100‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~5‬‬ ‫‪(100 ~11.)151~(11 ~0051(11~1100‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫‪111.~ 1((1051510(.‬‬ ‫(~‪~~/) (111~~15 111.~ 10~111 ~(1~(1~11(10~~ 51~0111~(1011)1 011~ 10 111.~ ~111‬‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫‪(011111~11~(11100 ~11~~1 (6).‬‬ ‫‪~10 (100 , 1310 (1(~ 111.~ (~5151(10~~5‬‬ ‫(‪01 ~011~~10‬‬ ‫(~‪10 ~(0111‬‬
‫‪(100 0(15~ 10 ~(0111~(,‬‬ ‫‪(~5~~~11~~1)1.‬‬
‫~‪011‬‬ ‫‪10 111.~ 101~(0(11‬‬ ‫‪~(1~(1~11(10~~5,‬‬ ‫(‪111.~ 1((1051510‬‬ ‫‪00~5‬‬ ‫‪001‬‬ ‫‪111(0 00‬‬ ‫‪1051(1011)1.‬‬
‫~(‪~1~11‬‬ ‫‪13-8‬‬ ‫‪1111151((11~5 111.~ ~(1~~10((05‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫~‪5~11~11.10‬‬ ‫‪11(0~5.‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫~~‪111.~ 10~111 ~011(1‬‬
‫‪1)13 (15~5 1(0(0‬‬ ‫‪2~(0‬‬ ‫‪10 111 (100 111.~ 0(15~ ~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪(15~5 101131,‬‬ ‫(‪111.~ ~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪00~5‬‬
‫‪001‬‬ ‫‪(~5~000‬‬ ‫‪1(0(0~01(11~1)1.‬‬ ‫~(~‪111.‬‬ ‫‪15 (1 0~1(1)1,‬‬ ‫‪)(00~0‬‬ ‫~(‪(15 0-~/(1)1 (1111~, ((/ 0~10‬‬ ‫‪(10)1‬‬
‫(‪~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪110~5.‬‬ ‫‪111.15 0~1(1)115‬‬ ‫‪(~()111(~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~11.(1(~~ 11~ 111.~ ~(1~(1~11(10~~5‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫‪111.~ 13~110‬‬ ‫‪111.~ 10(~(1(0-01(15‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪111310((1~~(0)(1(0(11~1)10.7‬‬ ‫‪~).‬‬ ‫(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪111.150~1(1)1,‬‬

‫‪00‬‬

‫‪~5‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(‪111.~~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬
‫‪111.~ 11(0~ ~0051(101‬‬
‫‪111.~ 0(15~ ~11((~0115‬‬
‫‪(1 (~51111, 111.~ ~)(~~55‬‬
‫‪(15~5 10 111.~51~(10)1-51(11~ ~(1111~ 011~5.‬‬
‫‪0~1~((010~0‬‬ ‫‪0)110~111‬‬ ‫‪~(1~(1~11(10~~5.‬‬
‫‪00((0(111)1 (00(~ 111.(10111.(11(~()111(~0‬‬
‫‪(0100(11)1 ~(1((1~( ~11.(1(~~ 15 510(~0‬‬
‫‪111.~ (15~ 11(0~,‬‬ ‫‪(~, 0~~~005‬‬

‫‪10 5(1111((11~ 111.~1((1051510(.‬‬

‫‪10 111.~ 0(15~ (~~100.‬‬ ‫~‪111.‬‬
‫~~‪11.1~11.~( 111.~ 0~~(0(1‬‬ ‫‪1(1~10(,‬‬ ‫‪00~,‬‬ ‫(~‪111.~ ~(~(11‬‬ ‫‪15 111.~ (1(001101‬‬ ‫‪01 ~)(1((1 ~11.(1(~~ 510(~0‬‬
‫‪10 111.~ 0(15~.‬‬ ‫‪111.15 ~)(1((1 ~11.(1(~~, ~11.1~11.15 ~(111~0 111.~5(1(/4,(1(1118 ~/1(1,8~,‬‬ ‫‪15 ~(0~0(1100(11‬‬
‫‪10 111.~ ~)(~~55‬‬ ‫‪0(15~ 0(1~~,‬‬ ‫~_‪1‬‬

‫‪1~5‬‬
‫=‬
‫_‪1‬‬ ‫‪113‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫= ‪(3‬‬ ‫~‪00‬‬ ‫‪. 1135 -‬‬ ‫‪1135‬‬ ‫)‪= 1135(00~ - 1‬‬ ‫)‪(13-19‬‬

‫‪,8‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪,0 8‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪800‬‬
‫‪~00‬‬ ‫‪~~0‬‬ ‫‪~00‬‬ ‫‪(..‬‬

‫‪418‬‬
 ‫‪~8‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪-- -‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫‪~..,.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫_‪_(1-~)..,.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫~‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪-182 -‬‬ ‫‪- - ,- -‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪------‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪~~5‬‬
‫_~ ‪- - -‬‬
‫‪0.9~~5 - - -‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪------‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫‪---,--,‬‬
‫~‬

‫‪0.1,~5‬‬ ‫‪- 1-‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫~‪.~-- ~~-‬‬
‫‪/.‬‬ ‫‪/,‬‬ ‫‪/0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪3110 111~ 8310..31111‬‬

‫~‪~11~..‬‬ ‫‪__. 18 ~110~11‬‬

‫~~‪~113..‬‬

‫~‪38 111~ 5(0,(./8‬‬

‫‪18 ~1~~11 0)1‬‬

‫~‪(2. = --)~ = --)85(00‬‬ ‫)‪- 1‬‬

‫‪(1111~ ~0115((./11( 0~ 111~ 1..31181810...‬‬
‫)‪(13-20‬‬

‫‪~11~11‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 111~01 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪18 ..~~~..8~0‬‬ ‫‪~..0111 ~1 10‬‬ ‫~‪- ~2 3110 111~ 038‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~111 18‬‬
‫‪3180‬‬ ‫‪~11311~~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪- 182,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~011~~10..‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~111 00~8‬‬ ‫‪1101 ~11311~~ ~0.. 3 11111~, (., ~311~0‬‬
‫~‪111~ 5(0,(./8‬‬ ‫‪(1111~.‬‬ ‫‪(. 18 ..~().01..~0‬‬ ‫~~‪10 ..~1110‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 8310..31111‬‬ ‫~~‪~113..‬‬ ‫‪~..0111 111~ 038~.‬‬
‫~~‪5111~~ 1)8~ 18 81111 ~08111‬‬ ‫‪~1111 3~~..0)(111131~1)1‬‬ ‫‪0.7‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 038‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~111 ..~~~..8~8‬‬ ‫‪118‬‬
‫‪01..~~11011‬‬ ‫~‪00‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ ~11311~~ 111 111~ ~013..11)1‬‬ ‫‪0~ 1)8 ~..0111 ~1 10‬‬ ‫‪- ~2.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪..~~~..8‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~111, - 182,‬‬ ‫~‪11~1~8 10 018~113..~~ 111~ 038~ 3110 ..~1110~~ 111~ ~)(1..3 ~113..~~ ~..0111 111‬‬
‫‪038~.‬‬ ‫‪~1111001‬‬ ‫‪- 182, 111~ 8310..31111~ ~113..~~ 1138 10 0~ ..~1110~~0 ~1111..~1)1 0)1 ..~~0111-‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~~‪0111311011 3110 111~ 810..3‬‬ ‫‪11111~ ~0010‬‬ ‫‪0~ 1011~~...‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~~‪011‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~)(1..3‬‬ ‫~~‪~113..‬‬ ‫‪18 ..~1110~~0,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 13~1‬‬ ‫~~‪~3~3~11311‬‬ ‫‪~113..~~8‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 111~01‬‬
‫‪~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪- ~2,‬‬ ‫~‪3110 111~ 038‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~111 ~3118 10 2.~..0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~31111111~, (,, 0~~~1108‬‬ ‫~‪011 111‬‬
‫‪11111~ ~011813111,‬‬ ‫‪~111~1118‬‬ ‫‪0~1~..111111~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1111‬‬ ‫~~‪~3~3~11311‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ ..~~~..8~-0138~0‬‬ ‫‪13~1.‬‬
‫~‪~1~0..‬‬ ‫‪13-93‬‬ ‫‪8110~8‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~)(1..3‬‬ ‫~~‪810..3‬‬ ‫~~‪~113..‬‬ ‫~‪111 111~ 038‬‬ ‫‪0~ 3 8310..31~0‬‬ ‫‪1..311-‬‬
‫‪81810...‬‬ ‫~‪00..111‬‬ ‫‪10..11-0~~,‬‬ ‫~~‪11118 ~)(1..3 ~113..‬‬ ‫‪18 ..~1110~~0‬‬ ‫~~‪~1..81111 11111~ (. 3110 111~ ~113..‬‬
‫~‪~..0~11‬‬ ‫‪18 ~11311~~0‬‬ ‫‪~..0111 (./ 10 ~ 38 8110~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-90.‬‬ ‫~‪00..111‬‬ ‫~~‪~31111111~, 111~ ~113..‬‬
‫~‪~..0~11‬‬ ‫‪0~~..~38~8‬‬ ‫~‪~..0111 ~..0~11‬‬ ‫‪~ 011111 311 ~113..~~8‬‬ ‫‪3..~ ..~1110~~0.‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪13-2‬‬ ‫‪419‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪8856‬‬

‫‪(0) 8~8~96‬‬ ‫‪~~011~6 0()~1~9‬‬

‫‪1()~~-011‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~‪(100. 111~ 11.1(0-0~~ 11111~, (0~~, 18 111~ 81.11110~ 810((1‬‬ ‫‪10111~, (5, (100. ~(111 11111~, (/,‬‬

‫= ~~‪(0‬‬ ‫‪(5 +‬‬ ‫‪(/‬‬

‫~))(‪~1(301‬‬ ‫‪13-2‬‬

‫‪111~ ~3,,,~~0~1118 0~ 111~ 1~31181810~ 8~11~11111 ~18.‬‬ ‫‪13-6‬‬ ‫‪3~~ 8110~11 111 ~18.‬‬ ‫‪13-10.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~3~3111~1~~8 3~~ ~~~ = 250 ~, ~810(53,)= 3 ~, /8 = 8 ~, ~~10(,31)= 2 ~, 1~.5= 100‬‬
‫‪~, ((/ = 0.5 (.1-8, (_ = 1 (.1-8,(5 = 5 (.1-8,(, = 3 (.1-8,3110/5 = 10 ~1-12. 111~ 01.11~ ~~~1~ 18‬‬
‫(‪/‬‬ ‫‪50%.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~011~~10~-10-~111111~~1~3~38~ ~1.1~~~111‬‬ ‫~‪18 /~100 = 3 111~. ))~1~~111111‬‬
‫=‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪...,~~(..1)-~ - ~- -‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫~‪~-100-‬‬
‫~‪1‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪,~. -~- - -‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫‪~~~0‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫=‪.‬‬ ‫‪1/1‬‬

‫‪420‬‬
 ‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫(‪1055 01.1~ 10 ~011~~10‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪~1.1((~111 (3) 01.1(111~ 11.1(11-011, (00 = (,1 + (,~ (/)) 01.1(111‬‬
‫‪~01101.1~11011 ~~(100,‬‬ ‫‪(~~ (~) 01.1(111~ 11.1(11-011, (011 = (, + (/~ (0) 01.1(111~011-11111~,(0~ 3110‬‬
‫(~~‪(~) 10131 3,,,~(3~~ ~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪1055~5, 11,. (1) ~101111~ 111513111311~01.15~0‬‬ ‫(‪01.1~ 10 ~01.1~~10‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111, 110(().‬‬

‫‪80)01100 1 = 1//, = 100 ~5, /( = 0.5, /(1 = (,1+ (, + (~ = 50 ~5, (~ = 50 - 0.5‬‬

‫‪1 = 48.5 ~5, (1 - /()1 = (, + (/ + (,, = 50 ~5, 3110(,, = 50 - 5 - 3 = 42 ~5.‬‬
‫~‪(3) 01.1(111~ 0~13)111111~, 0 ~ ( ~ (0‬‬

‫‪10(() = /~/00‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫= )((‪1)~/0‬‬ ‫~~‪11‬‬

‫(~~‪111~ 111513111311~01.15~0‬‬ ‫‪01.1~ 10 111~ ~011~~10( ~1.1((~111 15‬‬

‫)((‪110‬‬
‫‪= (01)~/0 = /~/0011~(..‬‬
‫‪)( 10-3‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪= 3‬‬ ‫~ ‪250 = 0.75‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1 (,0‬‬
‫)()~ = ‪110‬‬ ‫(‪110(() 0.‬‬
‫‪= / ~/0011 ~~(0/,‬‬
‫)‪(13-21‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪= 3‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪10-6‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫~‪103 = 3.75 111‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫=‪110(() = /~1)~/0‬‬ ‫~‪/~5‬‬

‫( ‪~11~11‬‬
‫‪11~(() ~111 0~ 1(13)(11111.1111‬‬
‫(‬

‫‪( 11~~ +‬‬ ‫‪(11~/0(,.()-‬‬

‫~(~‪= (,,,, ~11‬‬

‫)‪(13-22‬‬

‫‪(, 11‬‬
‫~~‬
‫(‬ ‫= ‪,,,‬‬
‫~~ ~(‪2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫))(‪~ ~/0(,.‬‬ ‫)‪(13-23‬‬
‫‪250‬‬
‫‪= 1‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪2(250‬‬
‫‪_ 2) = 0.504 ~5‬‬
‫(~~‪3110 8~. (13-22) )11~105111~~~3/( ~0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫)‪(13-24‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(13-25‬‬

‫‪58~. 13-2‬‬ ‫‪421‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(13-26‬‬
‫~ ‪= 0.00375 + 42.33 = 42.33‬‬
‫~ ‪(0) 10.~ (011011(6011 ~~~100, 0‬‬ ‫~ (‬ ‫~‪(0‬‬

‫)((‪/0‬‬ ‫‪= /~5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~ ‪)( 100 = 200‬‬
‫‪= 2‬‬
‫‪((.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫= ‪(10‬‬ ‫(‪(10(() 0‬‬
‫‪7)0‬‬ ‫~‪= 11~/0(,31/~5(0‬‬ ‫)‪(13-27‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪)( 10-6‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪)( 103‬‬
‫‪= 2‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪48.5‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 97‬‬
‫‪(() 10.~ 810~(18~ ~~~100,‬‬ ‫~‪0 ~ ( ~ ($‬‬

‫)((‪/0‬‬ ‫‪= /~5‬‬

‫~ ‪)( 100 = 200‬‬

‫‪= 2‬‬
‫‪((,‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪10.~ 1(1116111~, 0 ~ ( ~ (/‬‬
‫‪(1$‬‬
‫‪= 7)0‬‬

‫‪= 2‬‬
‫()‬
‫~(‪(10(1) 0( = 11~/0(53,/~5‬‬

‫‪100‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪)( 10-6‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪)( 103‬‬
‫~‪= 10‬‬
‫)‪(13-28‬‬

‫‪/0(1) = /~5( 1 -‬‬ ‫‪11~81~(11118 /~/00‬‬

‫‪~),‬‬

‫~~‪11‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫( ‪1)~/0‬‬
‫)(‬ ‫‪(, 11~8 1~(11118 /‬‬
‫‪= ---,-‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪~/00‬‬

‫‪(10(() = (01)~/0= 11~~/~5‬‬ ‫)‪(13-29‬‬

‫‪((1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫)~‪0‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪(,12‬‬
‫‪10.18‬‬ ‫~~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1088‬‬ ‫~‪011~1118 1(111 6111~ ~111 0‬‬ ‫‪111(1)(111111111~0.~11‬‬
‫=‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫)‪(13-29‬‬ ‫‪81~~8‬‬ ‫()‪10.~ ~~(1‬‬ ‫‪~0~~~,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(1,,‬‬ ‫‪11~~/~5‬‬
‫=‬ ‫)‪(13-30‬‬
‫‪4‬‬

‫‪)( 100‬‬
‫‪= 250‬‬ ‫~ ‪4 = 6250‬‬
‫‪11~~/~5(,/$‬‬
‫‪1 ((/‬‬
‫= (‪= 7)0 (10(() 0‬‬
‫‪(1,‬‬
‫)‪(13-31‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪)( 103‬‬
‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪10-6‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫~ ‪125‬‬
‫‪6‬‬

‫‪422‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫(‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪1088 01.1(111~11.1(11-01118‬‬

‫‪/1011‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪/1$‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪/11‬‬ ‫)~ ‪= ~~~/~5/$(($ +‬‬

‫)‪(13-32‬‬
‫~ ‪= 10 + 125 = 135‬‬
‫‪(0) 011-~~(100,‬‬ ‫~ ‪0‬‬ ‫(‬
‫~‬ ‫=‪(0‬‬

‫‪10(() = /~/00‬‬

‫)‪1)~/0(1‬‬ ‫~~ ~‬
‫=‬

‫~~~‪/10(() = (01)~/0= /~/00‬‬

‫)‪(13-33‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪= 3‬‬

‫‪= 3‬‬
‫() ‪)( 10-3‬‬

‫‪)( 10-3‬‬
‫~ ‪250 = 0.75‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪250‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪42‬‬
‫‪)( 10-6‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪)( 103‬‬
‫~ ‪= 0.315‬‬

‫)‪(13-34‬‬
‫~ ‪= 42.33 + 97 + 135 + 0.315 = 274.65‬‬
‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~101‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫(~~‪11181(1111(111~01.18 ~0‬‬ ‫‪18 8110~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-11.‬‬

‫~‪~~3(1))1‬‬ ‫‪13-3‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(1((1111~1~(8‬‬ ‫~‪111 ~)((1111~1‬‬ ‫‪13-2,‬‬ ‫~~‪~(11~1.11(11~ 111~ (1..,~((1‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪1088 01.1~ 10 111~ 0(18‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~1.1((~111.‬‬

‫‪80101100‬‬ ‫‪~8/0($81) = 3 ~, /8 = 8 ~, 7 = 1//. = 100 ~8, /( = 0.5, /(7‬‬

‫= )‪= 50 ~8, (,‬‬
‫‪0.5 ~8, (, = 1 ~8, (0 = 50 - 1.5 = 48.5 ~8, (, = 5 ~8, (1 = 3 ~8, (00 = (,) + (, = 1.5‬‬
‫‪~8, 3110 (01( = ($ + (1 = 5 + 3 = 8 ~8.‬‬
‫‪00(111~ 111~ ~~(100, 0 ~ ( ~ ((00 + (0)..‬‬

‫‪10(1) = /85‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪13-2‬‬ ‫‪423‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(~~‪11181(1111(111~0118 110‬‬ ‫~‪011~ 10 111~ 0(18‬‬ ‫‪~11((~11118‬‬

‫)(()‪~/‬‬ ‫= ‪//)1)810‬‬
‫=‬ ‫)‪185~85(...‬‬

‫~‪=8)(3=24‬‬
‫‪))11(111~ 111~ 11~(100,‬‬ ‫= ‪0 ~ ( ~ (0‬‬ ‫‪(7‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪(00 -‬‬ ‫‪(0 -‬‬ ‫‪($ -‬‬ ‫)(()‪(,).. ~/‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪(1,,,~((1~~ 110~~( 1088 18‬‬

‫‪~8‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~)‪185 ~ 810(.8.)((00 + (0 + ($‬‬ ‫)‪(13-35‬‬

‫()‬ ‫‪)( (1.5 + 48.5 + 5) )( 10~6‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪)( 103‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪= 8‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 13.2‬‬

‫‪13-2.3‬‬ ‫‪~8..,0,.81130~8 ~3,.3811818,.5‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~0(1((1~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪0~ 1((11181810(8‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 110((11(111~ 8~~~1~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(11(11111~(1~111(~(8 111‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~‪1~((118 0~ ~~(1(1111 ~~(~0((11(111‬‬ ‫‪~(1((1(11~1~(8‬‬ ‫‪~0( 8(1~~ 0~~((111011.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1((11181810( ~1(~11118‬‬
‫~‪(111181 0‬‬ ‫‪0~81~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪80 10(11 10‬‬ ‫~‪0~~((11111‬‬ ‫‪~01101110118‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪1101 ~)(~~~0‬‬ ‫(‪10~1‬‬ ‫‪811~~~81~0‬‬
‫‪((11111~8.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~11‬‬ ‫‪13-12‬‬ ‫~‪800~810‬‬ ‫~‪0(11(180~~1.0‬‬ ‫(‪(11~~1~(110~-1((11181810‬‬ ‫~~~‪1‬‬ ‫‪1)671)~,‬‬
‫~‪~)(~1(1111111‬‬ ‫‪118 ~0(1((1~1~(1811~8.‬‬

‫~)(‬
‫‪9380,‬‬ ‫‪,,~~.‬‬ ‫(‪/110~ (0( ~) 18 10~ ((1110 0~ 10~ ~011~~10‬‬ ‫~‪~11((~111, 1~ 10 0(18‬‬
‫‪~11((~111,‬‬ ‫‪18 (11 (1 8~~~1~1~0 ,,,(1111~ 0~ ~ ~10. 10~ ~(1111, ~01~018‬‬ ‫‪800~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~. 13-12.1‬‬
‫‪(1110 13-12.2,‬‬ ‫‪18 0~~~110~111‬‬ ‫‪011 10~ 1~(11~~((1111(~.‬‬ ‫‪~1~11(~ 13-12.1‬‬ ‫‪(~~~(8 10 10~ ~0(1(-‬‬
‫‪(1~1~(1811~ ~11(,,,~ 1111(110~( 1111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-12.‬‬ ‫~‪~1111‬‬ ‫(‪((11~0 ~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111, 10~ ,,,(1(1(111011‬‬
‫~(‪111 ~(1111 ~1111 ~0(111~~ 111 1~(11~~((1111‬‬ ‫‪18 (111111(1111(11(1110 111~ ~1(~1111 8001110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0~81~11~0‬‬
‫~‪10 0~~((11‬‬ ‫~‪(11 10‬‬ ‫‪((11~0‬‬ ‫‪,,,(1111~.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪01~0‬‬ ‫‪~(1111 ~01110‬‬ ‫~~‪(~011‬‬ ‫‪111~ ,,,(1111~8 0~ ~0(~~0‬‬ ‫~‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪(1110‬‬ ‫‪11 ~10(5111).‬‬

‫~~‪~111 (~011‬‬
‫‪~11((~111,‬‬
‫‪~0~~8~10,.-‬‬

‫~‪0(18‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪88118118,.‬‬
‫~‪011-81(11‬‬
‫‪1088~8.‬‬
‫‪~11((~111,‬‬
‫‪531(,8,.31800‬‬
‫‪1-10~~,,,~(,‬‬
‫‪~11((~111 ~(1111, (1110 )1111~11011 1~(11~~((1111(~.‬‬
‫‪(111181 0~ 811~~1~1~111 ~11011~010‬‬
‫‪~0~1398,‬‬ ‫‪~ ~€($81).‬‬

‫~‪111~ 0(18~ 0(1,,,‬‬

‫~‪0(1,,,~ 111~ 1((11181810( 11110 8(1111((111011, 0111 0,,,~(0(1,,,‬‬ ‫‪~111‬‬
‫)‪~ 10~ ,,,(1111~ 0~ 11 ~.10(5111‬‬
‫(‪~ ~10(5111)18 (1 ~1111~11011 0~ 10~ ~011~~10‬‬

‫~‪0~~(~(18‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~0(~~0‬‬ ‫‪~ (1110‬‬ ‫~‪111~(~(18‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1088~8‬‬ ‫~‪111 10‬‬ ‫(~‪0(18~-~(11111‬‬ ‫‪)1111~11011.‬‬

‫~(‪~1~11‬‬ ‫‪13-12.3‬‬ ‫‪800~8‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪(~~10118‬‬ ‫(‪0~ ~011~~10‬‬ ‫(‪8(1111((111011 (11 ,,,(1(10118 ~011~~10‬‬
‫‪(11100(18~ ~11((~1118. ~1~11(~ 13-12.4 (1110 13-12.5 800~ 11~10(5111)(1~(1111811~ ~0( ,,,(1(10118‬‬
‫‪~0(~~0‬‬ ‫‪~. ~ 8(11(111,,,(1111~0~ ~0(~~0‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‪(0( 01~11 ,,,(1111~ 0~ 0,,,~(0(1,,,‬‬ ‫‪~(1~10() 0~~(~(18~8‬‬

‫‪10~ ,,,(1111~ 0~ 11 ~10(5111). 1-10~~,,,~(,‬‬ ‫(~‪(1 01~0‬‬ ‫~(‪)1111~11011 1~(11~~((1111‬‬ ‫~‪111~(~(18~8 10~ ,,,(1111‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪11 ~10(5111).‬‬

‫‪~0~~8~10,.-1)358‬‬ ‫‪531(,8,.31800 ~0~1398,‬‬ ‫‪~8€($81).‬‬ ‫)‪~ 10~ ,,,(1111~0~ 11810(5111‬‬ ‫‪~111‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫(~~‪0~~(~(18~ 10~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪1088 111 10~ 0(18~-~(11111~( 11111~11011. 11810(5111)111~(~(18~8 ~110‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫(‪~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111 (1110 ~0(~~0~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪1((1118~011011~1(111‬‬ ‫‪(8,.,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪1~/11810‬‬ ‫‪0~ 10~ 1((111-‬‬
‫‪,,,~(8118 1~ (18 8110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬
‫)‪81810( ~(111 0~ 0~1~((11111~0 ~(0(11 10~ ~11(,,,~8 0~ 11810(5111‬‬
‫‪13-12.6 (1110 13-12.7.‬‬

‫‪1(,8,.0-00‬‬ ‫‪188118,‬‬ ‫‪10...‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪111(11-011 11(11~ ~(111 0‬‬ ‫‪0~~(~(18~0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪111~(~(18111~ 10‬‬
‫~‪0(18~ 0(1,,,‬‬ ‫(‪~0( (1 11)(~0 ,,,(1111~ 0~ ~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ,,,(1(1(1110118 0~ 0~1(1~ 11(11~, ((),‬‬
‫~‪(1110 (18‬‬ ‫‪11(11~, (~, (1(~ 800~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-12.9.‬‬ ‫‪((), ~01~0‬‬ ‫‪18 0~~~110~111‬‬ ‫‪011 111~111‬‬
‫‪~(1~(1~11(111~~8 00~8‬‬ ‫‪1101 ~0(111~~ 81~111~1~(1.1111~~11111~.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~,,,~(,‬‬ ‫‪(~ 111~(~(18~8 ~110‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪111~(~(18~ 1111~.‬‬

‫‪424‬‬
 ‫~‪~.‬‬ ‫(‪0670‬‬ ‫‪~8-8..8~~.‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪.,~8.. 08 ~9~0,,‬‬
‫~~~~ ‪150 ~-‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~0 500 ~~~0(505) ~ 700~~~1/‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪0~0~~111‬‬ ‫~‪81~~(11‬‬ ‫‪06708‬‬ ‫~~‪18 11 0‬‬ ‫‪~1~...‬‬ ‫(‪~~~~0‬‬ ‫~~~‪1-0‬‬

‫‪011~110~(00.‬‬ ‫~‪1( (~11(~~~8 ~011~~(0‬‬ ‫~‪180111(100 (~0‬‬ ‫‪(...~ ...~11( 810~, 110 10(~01111‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪()... ~~~00‬‬ ‫‪2~0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~50~8~~00-‬‬
‫‪~008(~~(100‬‬ ‫‪0~81~0~0‬‬ ‫~‪(0‬‬ ‫~~~(‪8(~~88-‬‬ ‫‪011~~11(100‬‬ ‫~~~(‪11( (~~11~~11‬‬ ‫‪~)((~~~8,‬‬ ‫‪2500 ,,,~~5‬‬
‫‪...~(()1‬‬ ‫~~~~‪8‬‬ ‫‪(~=101118‬‬ ‫~‪(0‬‬ ‫~~((‪~~1‬‬ ‫‪1100‬‬ ‫~‪~011~~(0‬‬ ‫‪~000~~(100‬‬ ‫‪1100‬‬ ‫~~‪()~1‬‬ ‫‪.5~~1~9‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪~,.~8‬‬
‫~‪10,. 460‬‬ ‫‪5.,,5~80)5‬‬
‫‪~1~~(11~111 (~=101118‬‬ ‫‪(0~ 81110082.‬‬ ‫~~‪~ 0~~1‬‬ ‫‪18 0~81~0~0‬‬ ‫(~~~ ‪(0‬‬
‫‪01- ~~~~11,‬‬ ‫‪. ~~~8 00.‬‬ ‫‪~60692‬‬
‫~~‪8(11‬‬ ‫‪1100 180111(100‬‬ ‫‪~01(11~~.‬‬ ‫~‪~11)0‬‬ ‫~‪11111111~11(1008 11~~ (0‬‬ ‫~‪~0(0‬‬ ‫‪~00(~0)8,‬‬
‫~‪8~1(~...10‬‬ ‫~~~‪110‬‬ ‫‪8~111111~8 1100 01-5‬‬ ‫‪8)18(~~8.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫=‪...8/1 ~01(.8.‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫~~~ ~ ‪- 500 ~ ~~0(808)=~)500 - 700‬‬
‫=(‪...8/1 ~~,,..0‬‬ ‫( ~‪150 ~01(1.~.8, 1‬‬
‫‪...8... 0.10‬‬ ‫)‪/1~~ 50 )0,.1.0.01001~ 100 ~01(1...8 1~ (/1~~ 200 ()1(1.0.1‬‬
‫=‬

‫‪~01~9.5‬‬ ‫‪0670~5‬‬ ‫‪0670~6‬‬ ‫‪0670~7‬‬ ‫‪001.~5‬‬

‫‪(011.~(0~ 10~1((..‬‬ ‫‪~~10..‬‬ ‫‪~01(8‬‬
‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪700‬‬
‫‪(011~~(0~ 10~.((..‬‬ ‫)‪~ ~100 (51.15‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪450‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪~01(8‬‬
‫~‪10~.((~. 8.‬‬ ‫‪~01(8‬‬
‫‪~1080‬‬ ‫‪---8‬‬ ‫‪---+-‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪01~5‬‬
‫~‪(011.0(0‬‬ ‫(‪(~~..0‬‬ ‫)‪(000(.0~0~8‬‬ ‫‪_.-100‬‬ ‫‪~~118‬‬
‫‪(011~0(0.‬‬ ‫(‪(~...0‬‬ ‫)~‪((1.‬‬ ‫‪-000(---150‬‬ ‫‪~~.,8‬‬
‫‪(011.0(0.‬‬ ‫(‪(0...0‬‬ ‫‪(~00-~.11.1111‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪~01.,8‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫(‪8.8. (~~~.0‬‬
‫(‪8.80 (~~..0‬‬
‫‪0155.(18~.001‬‬
‫‪1-0~.. 0188.11.(100‬‬
‫)(‪(.~ = 250‬‬
‫‪,..,,,(1..8~0..5‬‬
‫)‪(000(10~0~8‬‬
‫)~‪((1.‬‬
‫‪--10‬‬
‫‪--‬‬

‫‪312.5‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪~01.,8‬‬
‫‪),~.,8‬‬

‫‪5(0..8.‬‬ ‫(‪_400‬‬ ‫(‪(0 1500‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫‪011.~.(108 1~00(100‬‬ ‫(‪_400‬‬ ‫(‪(0 1500‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪1501.~.001~01~.9.‬‬ ‫‪2500‬‬
‫‪,...01.01.18. ,.0..01.1019‬‬
‫‪,.0.~...‬‬ ‫)‪011.. ()0...(1‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪,,,.1~.515~.0..‬‬
‫~‪(1) .88 /)..‬‬ ‫~‪(1.98 10. 010..01..019 .001.1‬‬
‫~‪~01‬‬
‫‪1001.‬‬
‫‪.4‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪------------------------------------------------------‬‬ ‫‪---.-------‬‬
‫~‪8~8~~~(~8.‬‬ ‫~‪~~8.~8.~~8~(5~/~5‬‬ ‫(‪(1~ = 250‬‬ ‫(‪001.88 0‬‬ ‫‪~.8.‬‬ ‫)‪5.,.0111.(/‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~ ~‪5, ,..‬‬ ‫‪~...~...~~.5 ~5‬‬ ‫‪5-.-/1/180...‬‬ ‫‪/1/1......‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(011.0(0.-10~1((..‬‬ ‫‪5~8(1110108 ~ 01(.8.‬‬

‫)‪(1~ = 1),, 181=182=0,‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪0670105‬‬ ‫)‪~~100(51.15‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫)‪~~1 /.1~= ~~100‬‬ ‫‪- 0670106‬‬ ‫)‪~~100(51.15‬‬ ‫‪450‬‬
‫‪- 0670107‬‬ ‫)‪~~100(51.15‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬
‫‪(011.0(0.‬‬ ‫(‪(~(-0(((~~..0‬‬
‫‪(~~10.. = ~.(.(/ ~.1~..‬‬ ‫(‪.) = 250‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬ ‫‪01),‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫)~‪~8110(0,1)=-1.5‬‬ ‫(‪_.)=1500‬‬ ‫‪10.0‬‬ ‫‪01.4.‬‬
‫(‪10~1((..-8.8. (~(-0(((~...0‬‬
‫)‪(~1081 = 3.5~, 1~ = 0‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬

‫‪..1~0..~ 13-12‬‬ ‫~‪0313 511~~1 0( 0‬‬ ‫‪11311515101,1~()~ 0670~.‬‬ ‫‪(~0~,1€5)1 01 (1€11€,(1/‬‬

‫_)‪~/€(1,/( ~0/11~(111)1‬‬
‫‪425‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~0~8( ,.(8058510(5‬‬ ‫~‪/0670‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‪5,./0,,..‬‬ ‫‪~~/0,~/0,~,.~~.5,..~5 ~0~,..~()~0‬‬ ‫‪5..,~80...‬‬ ‫‪~.~.‬‬ ‫‪,...,~.‬‬ ‫‪~/0,)(.‬‬ ‫~‪()~.‬‬

‫‪0( (~(1.,111‬‬ ‫‪~3111‬‬

‫(‪(1‬‬ ‫)‪5....‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬
‫= ‪= 150~. ....00‬‬ ‫‪11~)0‬‬
‫(‪(1‬‬ ‫)‪....()0 5....‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫‪= 100~.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪11~)0‬‬
‫(‪(1‬‬ ‫‪....()0‬‬ ‫)‪5....‬‬ ‫‪11~)0‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪275‬‬
‫‪= 40~.‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪(011.,(10(-~(11,11.,( 531~(31.011....01138.,‬‬
‫(‪(1‬‬ ‫)~‪....()0(511.‬‬ ‫‪1.9‬‬ ‫‪....011.‬‬
‫)~‪= 150~, 18 = 10‬‬ ‫‪3.0‬‬
‫(‪(1‬‬ ‫‪....011.‬‬
‫)~‪= 100~, 18 = 8‬‬ ‫)~‪....()0(511.‬‬ ‫‪1.4‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬
‫(‪(1‬‬ ‫)~‪....()0(511.‬‬ ‫‪....011.‬‬
‫)~‪= 40~.18 = 4‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪83..,.~(11,11.,( 531~(311011....01138.,‬‬
‫(‪(1‬‬ ‫‪....011.‬‬
‫)~‪= 150~.18 = 10‬‬ ‫)~‪....8)0(511.‬‬ ‫‪2.75‬‬ ‫‪3.5‬‬
‫(‪(1‬‬ ‫‪....011.‬‬
‫)~‪= 100~, 18 = 8‬‬ ‫)~‪....8)0(511.‬‬ ‫‪2.3‬‬ ‫‪3.0‬‬

‫‪5~.,.~~.~(0‬‬ ‫‪~~/0,~/0,~,.~~.5,..~5‬‬ ‫)‪(~.,10(011(., ~1811(., 21, ~380 474‬‬

‫‪~.,...1.~.,‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫((‬
‫‪= 250‬‬ ‫‪1( = 100~,‬‬ ‫‪181 = 5~..181‬‬ ‫)~‪= 10‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0.,13~ 1.(11.,‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪.105‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫~‪~~1‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪.45‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪510(38.,1,(11.,‬‬ ‫‪1,‬‬ ‫‪3.2‬‬ ‫‪5.0‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪103111,(11.,‬‬ ‫(‪1‬‬ ‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫‪3.0‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪111(/~(1.~., (1( = 100~.‬‬ ‫‪(...11./.1~ 250‬‬ ‫)‪, 181 = 5~,-181 = 10~ ,1.=100/111‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪510(3801.(11.,‬‬ ‫‪1,‬‬ ‫‪3.2‬‬ ‫‪5.0‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪103111,(11.,‬‬ ‫(‪1‬‬ ‫‪.6‬‬ ‫‪3.0‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫~‪~..0550,,~.. 11(11‬‬ ‫~(‬ ‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪/1-.‬‬
‫‪5(0(3801,(110‬‬ ‫‪(11‬‬ ‫)~‪1500‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(,‬‬ ‫‪5.8‬‬ ‫‪/1-.‬‬
‫)~‪.,3111.(110 (11 = 1500‬‬ ‫((‬
‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫‪/1-.‬‬
‫((‬
‫‪~(0..0.,0.‬‬ ‫)~‪1.(110 (11 = 1500‬‬ ‫‪3.7‬‬ ‫‪/1-.‬‬

‫‪0.00~ ~~~~~~,.~~.5,..~5‬‬
‫‪0.0(/0‬‬ ‫‪.,0.9./..0‬‬ ‫)‪01(.80 (1~ = 100,4,.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫= ‪- 11‬‬
‫= ‪- 11‬‬

‫‪01000‬‬
‫= ~‪(1‬‬
‫~‪250‬‬
‫~‪1500‬‬
‫)~‪0,000 ~0.,0..0 ~0(0.,0(~ 1.(110 (11 = 250‬‬
‫)‪(1~ = 100,4,.,0./0( = 25,4,./ /1-.0(, ~81)0= .25‬‬
‫‪.,0.9./3.0‬‬ ‫‪111.11-011 1.(110 (11‬‬
‫(‪100,4,., 0./0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)(‪100,4,./ /1-.0‬‬
‫)~‪= 250‬‬
‫‪1.9‬‬
‫‪1.75‬‬

‫‪4.5‬‬

‫‪1.7‬‬
‫‪3.25‬‬
‫‪3.00‬‬

‫‪10.0‬‬

‫‪2.5‬‬
‫‪....01(.‬‬
‫‪....01(.‬‬

‫(‪/1-.0‬‬

‫~‪/1-.‬‬
‫‪0~/..,.‬‬
‫‪0.4‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪426‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪/0670‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪,..)(~~~.4(,. ~~.4~.4~,..~~~5,..~~5‬‬
‫‪~000‬‬ ‫‪,000‬‬
‫~‪1,7..~50.‬‬
‫~‪~..50.‬‬
‫‪./‬‬ ‫‪./‬‬ ‫‪-----‬‬
‫‪%‬‬
‫‪~..‬‬
‫‪0-‬‬
‫‪%‬‬
‫‪...‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫~~‪....-(,.0‬‬
‫‪.....+--‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪./‬‬
‫~‪~..,00.‬‬
‫~‪~~5.‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪,00‬‬
‫‪~.,‬‬

‫‪~~-.,,((8,...‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~..,~~..‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~0...‬‬

‫‪~~~~~~~~1‬‬

‫‪,00‬‬

‫)‪1~ .~01 1~~,.0~ ~0~~~..,. (.,.~€~(5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‬
‫‪0,,.‬‬

‫‪~...‬‬
‫~~‪71.50.,~1‬‬
‫‪1(..25.......‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪~0.0‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪. ~~1‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪.~00‬‬

‫‪~~~~1‬‬ ‫‪10. ~00..‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪,,.‬‬ ‫~‪1,,8 25.‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪~...‬‬ ‫‪8,.‬‬ ‫‪~~/1..‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪~(.~0...‬‬ ‫‪%‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪~.0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪.,‬‬ ‫‪~,.50‬‬
‫‪0,.‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪~1.20‬‬
‫‪,,..‬‬ ‫‪~,8,.,0‬‬
‫‪0-‬‬ ‫‪..-‬‬
‫‪~0-‬‬
‫‪0-‬‬ ‫‪.0‬‬
‫‪~..‬‬ ‫‪~~,.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~..‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫‪.,‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪~,.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~1.~25~0‬‬

‫~ ‪0.‬‬
‫(~‪1.. 8‬‬ ‫)‪~~~,.(~~~~5‬‬
‫‪~.0‬‬ ‫‪~0.0‬‬
‫~‪~8‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫‪,,.‬‬
‫~~‪~~6...,‬‬
‫~‪.1~. ~()(.1..(00‬‬

‫)‪4= ~~~(8~,.‬‬
‫‪~~~(~,..‬‬

‫‪~8‬‬ ‫‪,~.‬‬
‫)‪(...~(~~5‬‬

‫~‪,.~=250‬‬
‫‪200‬‬

‫‪..‬‬
‫‪00‬‬
‫~‪,..18~50.‬‬ ‫‪/1.100‬‬ ‫~‪,.,,..25.‬‬
‫‪~...‬‬
‫‪/1,.1(/1..‬‬ ‫‪/1-50‬‬ ‫‪/1.81(/18/‬‬
‫‪~~0‬‬
‫‪/ /1-25‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬ ‫‪.//1, .,0‬‬
‫‪~/1,.25‬‬
‫‪/ /.. ~~/1-,0‬‬ ‫‪0..‬‬ ‫‪.8,.5‬‬
‫‪~..‬‬ ‫‪----/1, . ,00‬‬
‫‪,,‬‬
‫‪,.0‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪...‬‬
‫‪0-‬‬
‫‪0-‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~...‬‬
‫‪=.1‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪0-‬‬

‫‪1~. ~0‬‬ ‫~~~~‬

‫‪~00‬‬
‫‪~0~~~,.‬‬
‫‪200‬‬
‫)‪(..1.1~~~5‬‬
‫*‪,.‬‬ ‫‪~(.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪(~,.0‬‬
‫‪,00‬‬
‫(‪~0~~(..,.‬‬
‫‪200‬‬
‫)‪,(~(5‬‬

‫~~‪~~6...,‬‬ ‫~‪,.~=1500‬‬ ‫~~‪~~6...,‬‬ ‫)‪6= ~8~(8~,.‬‬ ‫‪~8‬‬ ‫~‪,.~=250‬‬

‫)‪5= ~~~(8~,.‬‬ ‫‪~8‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪13-2‬‬ ‫‪427‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪/0670‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪~0000‬‬
‫‪,-‬‬
‫‪/1-.0‬‬
‫‪//1.25 -‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫~~‪,.1,,~5‬‬
‫~~‪~~=.‬‬ ‫‪---.‬‬
‫~‪~.1~/1.‬‬
‫‪.--,‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫‪----‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪.0‬‬
‫~‪...~8. ~~~~~,.~-8.5‬‬ ‫‪..,.0~, 6( (0,/01..151‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫=‪~~(3()~-= 8= ~,0,~,0,~~.,0,~~-‬‬ ‫)‪(~~80‬‬

‫‪~.0‬‬ ‫‪~0.0‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‪,..1,.25.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪- .-‬‬
‫‪.1,.2500‬‬

‫~‪118~50.‬‬
‫~‪,.1.~00.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪------‬‬ ‫~~‪1.,. ~0‬‬ ‫)‪..,.~~.250..,. -,‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫~‪1,1=~50.‬‬
‫=‪0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1.~=1~/20 -‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪.-‬‬
‫‪.,‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‪..,.~~. 250‬‬
‫‪~.,,.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪-18..1~/.0‬‬
‫‪-.,.8((0..,.),,,‬‬ ‫‪-5.....‬‬
‫‪1.8. 1~/20‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪~1.81.1~/ ~0‬‬ ‫~‪~-‬‬
‫~‪.~=50‬‬ ‫~~‪.‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪~ 0.~ ..,..((0..,.1..-5..,.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫~‪.~.50~..‬‬

‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪/‬‬
‫‪--‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪~~(3~~10 9= .~~~-0‬‬
‫~‪1~.~0~~~,..‬‬ ‫)‪~0~~..,.. (.,.~~~5‬‬

‫‪.~~10‬‬ ‫‪(~10818.~~10‬‬ ‫)‪(.0,6.0‬‬ ‫‪~~(3~~10‬‬

‫~‪1~.~0(../...((,..‬‬

‫~~‪10= .()~~-0‬‬
‫‪.0‬‬

‫‪.~~10‬‬
‫‪--‬‬

‫‪(0~~(..,..‬‬
‫‪-----‬‬

‫)‪(.4~~(~(5‬‬

‫‪(~108~8.~~10‬‬ ‫)‪(.0,6.0‬‬
‫‪.00‬‬

‫‪.0‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪-....‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪~=.$‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪~..‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪.,,‬‬
‫‪/1‬‬
‫‪~~~..0‬‬
‫‪~~.,,‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪, ,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪~~...‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫(~‪,‬‬
‫‪.,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1,,.=25.(-‬‬
‫‪---‬‬ ‫‪,..,,.,,,‬‬
‫‪~0..‬‬ ‫‪800.(-----‬‬
‫‪1.,-.50.(---‬‬
‫‪..,.~((-=.......,.)250...‬‬
‫‪~~..‬‬ ‫~‪1...100,..‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪1.~ .1~ /20‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪-1.. .1~/.0‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪..,,8((0....).-‬‬ ‫‪,..,‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪.0‬‬ ‫‪.00‬‬

‫)‪1~ . ~0~/...~~,.0~ ~0~~(~,.. (/4~~(~(5‬‬ ‫~‪(01..1..((,.0‬‬ ‫‪(0~~(..,.‬‬ ‫)‪(...~~(~(5‬‬

‫‪~~(3()~10‬‬ ‫‪12= ~(.,6.~~100‬‬ ‫‪~~0()~.~~10‬‬ ‫~~‪.()~~-0‬‬ ‫‪.~~10‬‬
‫‪~~(3~~10‬‬ ‫‪11= ~0~~,6.(.~2100‬‬ ‫‪~108~8.~~10 8.,,,(.~~~~(3‬‬
‫)‪8.0~,6.(310 .1~10 (~8~ ~,6.~~,6..~0~8‬‬ ‫‪~8‬‬

‫~‪~0(.(.10~.0‬‬ ‫‪~~~~10~.‬‬

‫‪428‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~)(‪~()67‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬

‫‪~.10...‬‬
‫‪1~.20.‬‬
‫~~‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪8.4‬‬
‫‪1~50.‬‬
‫‪~.4‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪,.‬‬ ‫‪~.~00.6.‬‬
‫‪.,‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪1...~04‬‬
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‫~‪1..20‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬

‫‪..‬‬
‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪~~.~00.‬‬
‫~‪1~.50‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~.0‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1~.504‬‬ ‫‪~1~..~0‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~~=~~~4‬‬ ‫~‪1.1.2~.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪.....‬‬
‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪1,182‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1~/1.~ ..20‬‬
‫‪...‬‬
‫‪30.6‬‬ ‫‪8((0,,,.).. -5,,,,‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪0.6‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫~‪~1..4..~~0 ~~~,.1,,,,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~‪~~~~~~~~~-5‬‬

‫‪~(..4,..~~0‬‬ ‫~~~‪~,.()~~,.‬‬
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‫‪~ 0.4‬‬
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‫‪( 1..0.6.0‬‬
‫~~‪.00‬‬
‫)‪,,,,~(.(~..,.‬‬ ‫‪-250-..,,‬‬
‫‪02‬‬
‫)~‪~~~~~~.~...‬‬
‫‪02‬‬

‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪.0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪05‬‬ ‫‪.5‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬

‫=‬
‫~‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪~... ..2‬‬
‫‪~ ~.0‬‬
‫~‬
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‫‪0.8 -~~.‬‬

‫‪0.6‬‬

‫‪0.4‬‬

‫‪0.2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~~.~00..‬‬
‫‪- 1~. 504‬‬
‫‪~~~.20..‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~0..‬‬

‫‪0.5‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0..‬‬
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‫~‪1,.,825.‬‬
‫‪~/1....20‬‬
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‫‪~(.......~0‬‬
‫‪~-,00,..‬‬

‫‪~~6()~~ 15= ~~~~ ,.~~~ ~ ~~~~ ,.~0~ ~~,.~ - ~8,‬‬

‫‪~~€(~~1,.).‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪_1.-,0.‬‬

‫~‪~..00~,.~....((..0‬‬

‫~~‪25‬‬
‫__~‬
‫‪_1~.20‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
‫‪..-500‬‬
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‫‪~ 250‬‬
‫‪~,.‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪...‬‬
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‫~‬
‫~‬
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‫‪10‬‬

‫~~)(‪~~6‬‬
‫)‪~(. ~01..1..(~,.0,. (..~11~~ ~0~.,..~~€(~0~15‬‬

‫‪16= ~0~~~~0‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪8~~5 5~~~ 0~~~~,.~~6‬‬ ‫~~~~‬

‫‪...‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪...‬‬
‫‪80‬‬
‫‪=-‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫~‪25.~~,..1$.~0()8‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0...‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫~~‪(...~00‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~.((0,,).. 5,,,,.~$...5.0.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪181-10/.0, ,‬‬

‫‪...‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪~~~-...‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪.0‬‬

‫‪~00‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪200‬‬
‫~‪,,,,~(. ~~(~,.‬‬
‫‪~~0670~5‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪067~6‬‬
‫‪300‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫~(‪(..~.,.,.‬‬
‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬
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‫)‪1,/0..., 8€ (..,01.. ,.5‬‬

‫‪000/‬‬ ‫~‪00‬‬
‫‪~1)~5~ ~~0,‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪, 1~~~ ~~ 5~~0,..,05‬‬
‫‪.0‬‬ ‫‪~00‬‬

‫~~)(‪~~6‬‬ ‫=‪17‬‬ ‫~‪~~~~~5‬‬ ‫‪8~~5‬‬ ‫~~~‪5‬‬ ‫‪0~~~~,./~6‬‬ ‫~~~~‬

‫)‪(~~~~~~0‬‬

‫‪58~. 13-2‬‬ ‫‪429‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~)(‪~()67‬‬
‫~‬

‫‪~00‬‬
‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬
‫‪~80‬‬
‫‪~~~,.,‬‬
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‫~‪1.,8 2~.‬‬
‫~~~‪,.01,.‬‬ ‫‪~00--‬‬
‫~‪,.3,.~5()8‬‬
‫‪~~/,...‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~70‬‬ ‫‪..........‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪.............‬‬

‫‪~60‬‬ ‫~‪~~...‬‬

‫‪..‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪/- /‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪//‬‬
‫‪// /‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~~40‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫‪~~~~~.....‬‬

‫‪~//‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/~./‬‬
‫‪20‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪~00‬‬ ‫‪.20‬‬ ‫‪.40‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪// ..0‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪..0‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫=‪,,~~~~-‬‬
‫‪~,‬‬

‫‪..‬‬
‫‪.0..1...‬‬ ‫‪......‬‬
‫‪000-1.1..0....‬‬

‫‪~~~~- ~~~~~~~.‬‬

‫~‪21 ~ 5~~,..~...~,..‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫=‪~-=5.5,..~1(-‬‬
‫~‪~5~,..‬‬
‫~‪~5~,..‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪,..~~-= ,.-=5,.. ~~~~~~,.5‬‬

‫=‪81.5-‬‬
‫=‪81.5-‬‬
‫‪8.‬‬ ‫~‪~,..()~~,..~1(-= 5~~,..~...~,..‬‬
‫‪1 0,..~.,‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫)(‪1.,..‬‬
‫=‪81.5-‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫=~‪,,0‬‬
‫~‪8...5‬‬
‫‪,‬‬

‫~‪0670‬‬
‫‪8...5~ 2‬‬
‫~~~‪5,..‬‬ ‫~~~‪~0~~~,1),$‬‬
‫~~~‪5,.~~~ ~.4.5‬‬

‫(‪...~3‬‬ ‫‪510/( 511~(3((5‬‬ ‫(‪01115( 0‬‬ ‫‪1131 ~)(~10‬‬ ‫‪~ 1.5‬‬ ‫‪01115/10(0‬‬ ‫)‪(0.0150101/(01‬‬ ‫((‪01/‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪0101101108‬‬ ‫‪3~3‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬ ‫‪1111151‬‬ ‫‪8~~0~~~~,‬‬ ‫‪51.0~..~ ,10 0. /.15‬‬
‫(~‪03‬‬ ‫((‪3 511113‬‬ ‫(‪(101500‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫)‪64 011(11‬‬ ‫‪10(0(5‬‬ ‫‪(1.62‬‬ ‫‪011((005).‬‬ ‫‪7/~6//‬‬ ‫‪)/2//00‬‬
‫‪(11,,‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫)(‪131111(1)0‬‬
‫‪...8~~~~1-‬‬ ‫‪~0~~()~0‬‬
‫‪((((((5‬‬
‫‪0( 0810(55‬‬ ‫=~)(‪,..0~0‬‬
‫(‪10 011010112‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫(‪01(((~011313110/0‬‬ ‫(‪~0105 0011,1/((0111‬‬ ‫‪035( ~(31( 3110 10( 0(31510)(,‬‬ ‫‪3~()(~ 3‬‬ ‫‪19-2510.-10.‬‬ ‫‪(2-3‬‬ ‫)‪1-//.1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫)((~‬ ‫~‪(111013~((0(0‬‬ ‫‪0( ()01,1/ ~001108‬‬ ‫(‪03()( 0(10‬‬ ‫(‪038( ()131( 30010‬‬ ‫‪0(81510)(.‬‬
‫‪66644‬‬ ‫‪//410(01131‬‬ ‫(‪(0111()00001010‬‬
‫~~‪~01‬‬ ‫(‪()(.((5511/‬‬ ‫‪10(011.31 (001~1100‬‬ ‫‪.,.,,,// 110( 5()1.8~~2~ 01.8( ~~0111 1.80()~~~8(11‬‬ ‫‪(11~ (1~~100 (11.8~108 0101.80(()0~0.‬‬ ‫‪,4.~(~,.‬‬ ‫~‪~1-~~...~1~~1- ,.~~~1~~...10‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪8().,1)1108 (11~01181 ~0111.,01.80() (0 (11~ ()~~(~~ 80() (11~ 11~8( 5(0)(, ()18~~ (11~ ()~~1~( 00 (0~ 11~8( 51(1(( 8(1() ~0(8(~ 510~1)1 (0‬‬
‫~(‪015(~1.,1.8‬‬ ‫‪8~85~.‬‬ ‫()~~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪/)0(0‬‬ ‫~‪51.8118~~5 ~0~ 1.8(11~0011 ~0~~~88‬‬ ‫~~‪.,~~0‬‬ ‫‪8()()1)1108‬‬ ‫~‪(0~()0‬‬ ‫‪(0 11101.80(108 5~~~~5.‬‬ ‫~‪~0(.(.~~...0‬‬ ‫=()~‪,, ~~1,..,..‬‬
‫()‬
‫~~~‪5‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪811101‬‬
‫=‬
‫=‪1.00~,.,..0..‬‬ ‫)(‪9.2 - 131111110‬‬
‫‪...0.~..= 25 - 2810. - 10.‬‬
‫)‪(2.8 - 3.21-//.1‬‬

‫‪,...,/0 ,.~00~~,.5 0/05~~~8/00 ~~ ,...,~5 5,./0~.~.~ ,..0~ $..,/0(,. 5..,0~(.0 8( .., ~0(.(0‬‬ ‫~(~ (‪,..., ~ ~/0 ,...,‬‬ ‫~‪~~,.0~,.~0‬‬ ‫‪8~5~,‬‬
‫‪. ~~,./0~~ (. ~50( ,.~0~~ 0~ ,...,.$ ,.~00 ~,.‬‬ ‫(‪~0~,.~.~ 8~~...1.1.~~,. 0)(.0‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪/0~ ~~~~€.0./0~,.‬‬ ‫‪8... 1=.,~5...01-/ /.1.. ,640917-1‬‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫~‪00 ~0,. ~~~5..,. ()~.~0. 0~ 8~ 0( ,...,€5€ ~~,.~0~5 0‬‬ ‫~~‪€ ,.~00‬‬ ‫‪8(~ ~5€ ,...,€ 0~5,. ~€5(./(. ,.~~() ~~0.....‬‬ ‫‪8...5~ 2= .,...5...01-/-~~.. ,640903-1‬‬
‫~‪5~~.., ~,.~0‬‬ ‫‪8€‬‬ ‫‪1 ~00~5 ~~ ~~.., (.€0‬‬
‫)‪(0~ ~()1.81~81~0(5‬‬

‫‪430‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪066(3~5,6,7‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫‪50 ~,,,,~~~~5‬‬
‫‪400.0 500 ~0~.5‬‬
‫~‪~~5. 5~~.~...~,..‬‬

‫‪.~8‬‬ ‫‪0668,,,,‬‬ ‫~~~ ‪~5 3 ~8 , ~~9~ ,,,0~(398‬‬ ‫~‪~~9‬‬

‫~‪~~~~8~( ~0 ,8~ 03~~~~9(0~ 85~8~~3~~,, 085~9~8010‬‬ ‫~‪~50~~,..~0 ,..0-3 8~5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪~,...0~5,..~~~~ ~~~8(~6‬‬
‫(~‪~58 ~~ ~~1-/1 3~~~~~3(10~5 ,~8~8 135( 3~0 811~~~8‬‬
‫‪5 ,~(~~~~9 ~5 ~8(1~~~80. .~~5 08,,,~~8 ~(~~1285 8~,5‬‬
‫‪13(85( 30,,,3~~85 ~~ 8~~0~3~ .8~~~0~09,,‬‬ ‫‪3~0 188-‬‬
‫‪(~~85 (~8 ~~-~1~8,., ~~0~5(~~31 ~3~~898‬‬
‫‪~0~18~(0, ~50/3(~0~ 1~0~ ~83( 5~~~, .0-3‬‬
‫~‪0118~~~9‬‬
‫‪~0~~(~~9‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪~~ ~~~0~,..,2~0‬‬
‫‪~50~31~0,,-‬‬
‫‪2500 ,,,8~5‬‬
‫‪~0~~3(101~~(,, 8~0 (1~~~~-~0~~8~( (8~~~~8~5.‬‬ ‫~‪. 51,.~~88. ~,.€8‬‬
‫‪10, 460,,, 5,,518,-,,5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪,.~8 0668,,,, 3~50 183(~~85 3 0~5~~8(8 135( ~8~0,,,8~,,‬‬ ‫‪. ~,(8 ~0. (060692‬‬
‫‪3~(~~8~8~~8~ ~19~ ~0 ,8~ 0~008 ,~~~~ 8~~~~~3(85 (~8‬‬
‫‪~88010~ 3~ 8)((8~~3~ 1~,,08~~ 01008 ~~ ~0(0~ ~0~(~01‬‬
‫~‪3~0 0(~8~ ~~,,,8~(8~ 8~()~~~3(~0~5 5~~~ 35 ~0 ,8‬‬
‫‪5~~~~~85 3~0 ~~5 5,,5(8~5.‬‬

‫·‬
‫‪~~8...,~~$‬‬
‫‪~85( 5 ,~(~/1~~9 -‬‬ ‫‪(1(,,,~) 0.5 /1-5‬‬
‫‪.~0,(0‬‬ ‫‪,~8‬‬
‫‪~~9/10~0~~~~9,,,0~(89€-‬‬
‫‪· ~0~,-8‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪(0‬‬ ‫‪700‬‬ ‫‪~0~~8~10,..-‬‬
‫‪8~~118,.‬‬ ‫‪0~008‬‬

‫~~‪·· ~~9/198‬‬
‫‪~~9/1‬‬ ‫(~‪~(..)~~€‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~~(~(0...~) 75 ,.,11/1~8‬‬
‫‪15 3 0,5~,.818‬‬
‫‪1351-,.8~0‬‬ ‫‪8,.)1‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪/1 ~(0(/./1(~) 50‬‬

‫‪/1~9/1 ()0 ,€~ 1851 ~€~0,,,€~,,‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪50 ,.,11/1~8‬‬
‫~‪~~9‬‬
‫‪01008‬‬
‫‪~0~8,.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫‪0~5~~€(€‬‬
‫‪. ~~ ~€~09~12€0 ~50~81€0 085€ ()8~~89€‬‬

‫‪80//8~(0,-~/11,1(8,-.10)1398‬‬
‫‪~,.,.~,..(3‬‬
‫‪0~00€‬‬

‫‪5.,.~801.‬‬

‫‪-.1~(0,,,‬‬
‫‪066(3.,,5‬‬

‫‪500‬‬
‫‪066(3.,,6‬‬

‫‪600‬‬
‫‪066(3.,,7‬‬

‫‪700‬‬
‫‪1./,...,.‬‬

‫‪-.10)15‬‬
‫‪80))8~10,-~/11,118,‬‬ ‫‪-.10)1398‬‬ ‫)‪-.1~08(505‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪450‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪-.10)(5‬‬

‫‪~/11,118,-8358‬‬ ‫‪-.10/1398‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫‪-.1(080‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪-.10/15‬‬
‫‪80)/8~10,-80~(,~~0~5‬‬ ‫‪8~,,8111‬‬ ‫~‪/‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬

‫)‪-~83~ (88~81,1,~8‬‬ ‫~~‪/‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪,0,/11~5‬‬

‫)‪-~83~ (,...011-88~81,1,~8‬‬ ‫~‪/~5‬‬ ‫‪125‬‬

‫‪8358-80111,~~0~5‬‬ ‫‪8~,,8~1‬‬ ‫‪/8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪,0,/11~5‬‬
‫)‪-~83~ (,...0~-88~81,(,~8‬‬ ‫~‪)8‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫)‪~0,,,,8, 0,55,~31,011 (, ~-2508‬‬ ‫‪125‬‬ ‫‪....,3115‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪....,/08‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪08(318 ,0,00~8 2508‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬
‫‪/50/31,0~ -.10)1398‬‬ ‫~‪-.1(50‬‬ ‫‪2500‬‬ ‫)‪-.1(8~5‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0~(31,~9‬‬ ‫‪3~0 $10(398‬‬

‫‪,~, ,5,(3‬‬ ‫‪-400810‬‬ ‫‪+15008‬‬ ‫‪08‬‬
‫~‪~~~~1,0‬‬
‫‪,8/11~8(31~(8‬‬ ‫‪831198‬‬
‫)(‪,08(/113) 885,51311~8 (,(3~5,510‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬
‫)‪(0/008‬‬ ‫~~‪88‬‬ ‫‪08/....,‬‬
‫‪2.5‬‬

‫‪5€~.‬‬ ‫‪13-2‬‬ ‫‪431‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪90‬‬

‫‪80‬‬

‫‪70‬‬

‫‪60‬‬

‫‪00‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪40‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪10-4‬‬ ‫‪~0-3‬‬ ‫‪~0-2‬‬ ‫~‪~0-‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪~0.0‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪~00‬‬ ‫‪~20‬‬ ‫‪~40‬‬ ‫‪~60‬‬
‫(~~‪,, ,..‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(‪~~(.5‬‬ ‫‪~~0,‬‬ ‫‪1~ 5(~0~05‬‬

‫‪,.‬‬
‫~‪, _~~~~~~~~1‬‬ ‫_‬
‫‪...‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪--,‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪6.‬‬
‫‪...~..‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‪,‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫_~‪0‬‬

‫~~~‪,, ()~,,,‬‬ ‫‪,..()€~ .€5,-‬‬

‫~‪,‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪-,.3=25.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪13.‬‬
‫~‪---,..1.~50.‬‬
‫~‪~()()8‬‬
‫‪., .0..1...‬‬ ‫)~~‬
‫)‪.. .00-1.,.. ._. .1., ~~.‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‪~1---‬‬

‫(‪~~...,-01‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪9, (011.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪510(3‬‬ ‫‪11111~, (5, ~111~1115‬‬ ‫‪0~.,~110~111‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ 0~~(-‬‬
‫~~‪0(1‬‬ ‫(‪13~10‬‬ ‫‪00~5‬‬ ‫‪1101 ~11311~~ 51~11111~(1111)1 ~1111 1~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪1311 11111~, (/, ~111~11 15 3‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪11111~1101101 ~3.,3~11311~~5 111~(~35~5 ~11111~ 35 5110~11 111~1~. 13-12.10.‬‬ ‫‪(5 3110 (/ ~311‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪(~011~~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 .,(0~10111‬‬ ‫~~‪11~~311‬‬ ‫~‪035‬‬ ‫~~‪0(1‬‬ ‫~‪011(111‬‬ ‫‪111(11-011‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪13-12.11‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪13-12.14.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-12.15‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬ ‫‪11131 (/ 15 1~55 5~115111~~ 10‬‬
‫~~‪11~~311‬‬ ‫~‪035‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~.‬‬

‫‪~..0550~9..1‬‬ ‫‪9, (~.‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ ~(0550‬‬ ‫‪11111~, (0 15 0~1111~0‬‬ ‫~‪35 111~ 1111~(~31 011(111‬‬
‫(‪~111~11 111~ ~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪11~10, (15~5‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 10%‬‬ ‫‪01115‬‬ ‫(‪.,~3/‬‬ ‫~‪011-5131‬‬ ‫‪~3111~ 3110‬‬
‫(‪~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111,‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪13115 10 10%‬‬ ‫‪01115‬‬ ‫~‪011-5131‬‬ ‫‪~3111~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~3(13110115‬‬ ‫‪01 (0 ~111~11‬‬
‫‪15 3 11111~11011 01‬‬ ‫(‪~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫~~‪11~~311‬‬ ‫~‪035‬‬ ‫‪0(1~~,‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪13-12.13.‬‬

‫‪432‬‬
 ‫~‪59~0.,‬‬ ‫‪~,.98)(~0~.,,‬‬ ‫‪58.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪10~ 5~~0003()1 0(~3/(00~0‬‬ ‫‪(513), ~01~0 15 3 0~-‬‬
‫‪51(1.1~11~~~0~00(0~000,‬‬ ‫‪(~51.11151(0(0 10~ ~1.1((~01110~ 10 3 5(0311 ~0(1100 0110~ 035~,‬‬
‫‪~(001.1~10~ 10~3112~0 001 5~015.‬‬ ‫~‪1110‬‬ ‫‪~0~(~)110‬‬ ‫~‪10~5~ 001 5~015 15 51.1111~1~01,10‬‬
‫~~‪~)(~~551~~ 10~3112~0 0~3110~ (03)103(03‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1(3051510(.‬‬ ‫‪101.15 5~~0003()10(~3/(00~0‬‬
‫‪15 ~31.15~0 0)1 310~3112~0 10~((031 (1.10~3)1, (~51.11110~1(0(0 01~0 ~1.1((~01 ~00~~01(311005.‬‬
‫‪10~ ~1.1((~01 ~00~~01(31100‬‬ ‫‪(03)1 0~ ~31.15~0 0)1 0~1~~15 10 10~ 1(3051510( 51(1.1~11.1(~.‬‬
‫‪10~ 513 0~~1.1(5 31 ~~(1310 ~0(0010311005‬‬ ‫~‪01 ~0113~~, ~1.1((~01, 300 11(0~. 510~~ 10‬‬
‫‪11(0~ 15 10~01~~0, 10~ 5~~0003()1 0(~3/(00~0‬‬ ‫‪15 0351~(11)1 30 ~0~(~)1 0~~~00~01‬‬ ‫‪~0~-‬‬
‫‪00(0~000.‬‬
‫‪~1~1.1(~ 13-12.161001~31~5‬‬ ‫~‪103110‬‬ ‫(~‪500(1‬‬ ‫‪10~ 00-11(0~,‬‬ ‫~‪10~ (00(~ 10~ 3~~11~301‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪~1350‬‬ ‫‪001.1003(1~5 ~)(1~00 1010 01~0~( ~0113~~ 300 ~1.1((~01 3(~35.‬‬ ‫‪1015 15 3150 3‬‬
‫‪13~1 1031 10( ~~()1 500(1 00-11(0~5, 10~ 5~~0003()1 0(~3/(00~0‬‬ ‫‪11(011 0153~~~3(5 1(0(0‬‬
‫~‪10~ ~1350‬‬ ‫‪~1.1(~~5. 10~ 513 ~30 0~~1.1( 1.100~( 10(~3(0-0135‬‬ ‫‪300 (~~~(5~-0135 ~00-‬‬
‫~‪0111005. 10~ 3~~11~31100 01 (~~~(5~ 035~ 0(1~~ ~111 ~31.15~035~ ~1.1((~0110 10~ (~~~(5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪01(~~1100.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(, 10~ ~01~01131 ~(301~015 (03)1 (~~~(5~ 0135 001)110~ ~~(1~0~()1‬‬
‫‪0110~ 035~, ~0~(~ 10~ ~~01~( 0110~ 035~ (03)151111 0~ 10(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪0135~0.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~1.1((~01‬‬
‫‪(03)1 0~ 110~10~ 10 3 5(0311 3(~3 10~3(0 10~ ~~01~( 0110~ 035~, (~51.11110~ 10 ~1.1((~01‬‬
‫‪~00~~01(31100‬‬ ‫~‪10((010‬‬ ‫‪3 001 5~01.‬‬

‫~‪~0,.~8,.~-~.859‬‬ ‫‪58.9‬‬ ‫‪0~9,.81..,9‬‬ ‫‪8,.98,‬‬ ‫‪~850~.‬‬ ‫‪01.1(10~ 11.1(0-00 300‬‬ ‫‪00-‬‬

‫‪5131~ ~000111005,‬‬ ‫‪10~ 3~~(3~~ )1.10~1100 1~(0~~(311.1(~ 300 5~~000 0(~3/(00~0‬‬ ‫‪11(011‬‬
‫~‪10~ ~0~~(-0300110‬‬ ‫‪~3~(01111)1 013 1(3051510(.‬‬ ‫‪10~ (0301.113~11.1(~(5 1.151.1(11)1‬‬
‫~‪~(0~10‬‬
‫~‪10~ ~1350‬‬ ‫‪~1.1(~~5 1.100~( 5~~~111~0 1~51 ~000111005.‬‬ ‫~‪~1350‬‬ ‫‪1001~31~5 10~ /0-1)~(0‬‬
‫‪11(0115 0110~ 1(3051510(~ 300 10( (~11301~ 0~~(31100 10~ 1(3051510( (01.151 001 0~ 51.10-‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪)~~1~0 10 ~(~31~( ~0~~( 01551~31100 1030 1031 500~0 0)110~ ~1350‬‬

‫‪0111‬‬
‫‪~1~1.1(~ 13-12.16‬‬ ‫~‪500~5 10~ 1)1~1~31 ~1350‬‬
‫‪~1.1(~~.‬‬
‫~(‪~1.1(~~5 31 3 )1.10~1100 1~(0~~(311.1‬‬
‫(~‪= 250~. 10~ 0~ ~0~~( 01551~31100 10 3 1(3051510( 15 ~1 = ~ ~(0/~. 000‬‬
‫‪0~ 0( ~001101.101.15~1.1((~01 0~~(31100,‬‬
‫‪~ 10( ~ ~(0 = 1 - 3 ~).‬‬
‫‪11(5111(01115 10~ ~~3/( ~1.1((~01 (~.~., /~/.1 = 100‬‬
‫~‪~(0(0 ~ ~(0 = 3 - 14 ~, 10~ ~011~~10( ~1.1((~01 035 10 0‬‬
‫‪(~01.1~~0 10 11(011 10~ )1.10~1100 1~(0~~(311.1(~ ~11010 10~ (03)(1(01.1(0 ~311.1~. ~1 3001.11‬‬
‫‪~ ~(0 = 14, 10~ 5~~0003()1 0(~3/(00~0‬‬ ‫(‪0~~1.1(5300 10( ~ ~(0 300~~ 14 ~, 10~ ~011~~10‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~01 15 (~01.1~~0 01.1~ 10 5~~0003()1‬‬ ‫‪0(~3/(00~0‬‬ ‫‪11(011.‬‬ ‫(~‪000‬‬ ‫‪~1.115~0 0~~(31100,‬‬
‫(~~‪10~ ~~3/( ~0‬‬ ‫~(‪~30 0~ (00‬‬ ‫(~~‪1030 10~ 3~~(3~~ ~0‬‬ ‫~‪35 100‬‬ ‫‪35 10~ )1.10~1100‬‬
‫‪1~(0~~(311.1(~ 00~5 001 ~)(~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪115 (03)(1(01.1(0 11(011. 10~ ~1350‬‬ ‫‪10~(~35~5 ~110‬‬
‫‪500(1~( ~1.115~01.1(31100.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪~9~9,.59-~.859‬‬ ‫‪58.9 0~9,.81..,9‬‬ ‫‪8,.98, ~850~.‬‬ ‫‪01.1(10~ 11.1(11-011, 3 01~0‬‬

‫‪~1.1((~111 3110 01~0 ~0113~~ (01.151 0~ 51.1513111~00)1 10~ 1(31151510(, 111 (0051 ~35~5 ~110‬‬
‫(~‪10~ 035~-10-~(0111‬‬ ‫‪)1.10~11011(~~~(5~ 0135~0.‬‬ ‫(~‪10~ ~011~~10(-~(0111‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~ (01.151‬‬
‫~‪0~ 0~10 10 3 531~ 1~~~1 31 0( 0~10~ 3 5~~~111~0 ~311.1~ 01 ~011~~10( ~1.1((~111. 10‬‬
‫‪(03111.113~11.1(~(5~(0~10~ 10~ /~- ~ ~(0 11(0115 01.1(111~(~~~(5~-0135~0‬‬ ‫‪11.1(11-01135 (~~~(5~-‬‬
‫‪0135~0 531~ 0~~(31111~ 3(~3‬‬ ‫‪(~1350~).‬‬ ‫‪~1~1.1(~ 13-12.17‬‬ ‫‪500~5‬‬ ‫~‪3 1)1~1~31 ~1350‬‬
‫‪~1.1(~~.‬‬

‫‪58~. 13-2‬‬ ‫‪433‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪..‬‬

‫~~‪...1~0‬‬ ‫‪13-13‬‬ ‫‪1/1~~11131‬‬ ‫‪~~111~31~111‬‬ ‫‪~1~-‬‬

‫(‪~1111 0‬‬ ‫‪3 1~31151510~.‬‬

‫‪~0~8..‬‬ ‫‪~8..8~.09.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111~(111(11~~111~(11~01 ~1(~111118 8110~0 10 ~1~. 13-13.‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫(~~‪111~ 101(11 (1~~((1~~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪1088 18 ~ 1, 111~ ~(18~ 1~111~~((1111(~ 18‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪11 -‬‬ ‫~‪~1~1‬‬

‫~(~‪~11‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪00~,‬‬
‫~‪~1‬‬
‫‪~~5‬‬
‫~‪~5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~‪111~ 0~~1‬‬
‫=‬
‫=‬
‫=‬
‫~‪111~(111(11(~81810(1~~ )110~1100 10 ~(18~, 00‬‬
‫~~‪111~(111(11 (~8181(10‬‬
‫~~‪111~(111(11 (~8181(10‬‬

‫‪111~ 111(1)(111111111‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬
‫~(‪111~ (111101~1111~111~~((1111‬‬
‫~‪01881~(11‬‬ ‫‪~~(0‬‬ ‫‪~0~~(.‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬
‫~‪~(111 01881~(11‬‬
‫~(‪111~ (111101~111 1~111~~((1111‬‬
‫~‪~(~1111‬‬ ‫‪111~ ((11111~8 01 0~~1~~8.‬‬
‫‪111~(111(11 0~((11111~ (1110 8~~0110‬‬
‫‪~011810~(~0‬‬ ‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪118111~ 111~ ~1350‬‬
‫‪~(18~ 10 810~,‬‬
‫~‪810‬‬

‫‪01881~(11100‬‬
‫‪18 10~(~(18~0‬‬
‫(~‪111~ 0111‬‬
‫‪111(1)(111111111‬‬

‫~(‪~1~11‬‬
‫‪0(~(1~00~0‬‬
‫‪10 (111101~01,‬‬

‫‪~ 118‬‬
‫~ ‪10 1‬‬
‫~‪11(1110, 11111‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬
‫‪(1110 111~(111(11 (~8181(111~~8‬‬
‫‪13-12.19‬‬
‫‪0~((1110~.‬‬
‫~‪(1110 ~1350‬‬
‫~~‪0‬‬

‫‪8110~8‬‬
‫~‪00‬‬

‫‪110(111(111)1 8~~~111~0‬‬

‫‪= 11(,.,.,3~) = 1500~,‬‬

‫‪)110~11011‬‬
‫‪(1110 1111818 001 ~((1~11~(11.‬‬

‫~‪111~8‬‬
‫‪~11(~~8.‬‬
‫‪(11 1~.‬‬

‫~(‪1~111~~((1111‬‬

‫‪1111181 0~ ~011810~(~0‬‬
‫~‪111~ 0~((11111‬‬
‫‪= 250~.‬‬

‫‪~11(~~8‬‬
‫‪0~((11111~ 1(1~10(8‬‬
‫)‪(13-36‬‬

‫‪111~ 1((11181810( ~(111‬‬

‫~ ‪18 1‬‬
‫‪111~(~10(~,‬‬
‫‪~11~11 1111~(-‬‬
‫(‪10‬‬
‫~‪11111810‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪11‬‬

‫‪8..88~~0~.,‬‬ ‫‪,,0~~8985.‬‬ ‫‪~ 0,~(1/(.0.0~11‬‬ ‫~‪~0/((18‬‬ ‫‪18 0~1111~0‬‬ ‫‪(18111~ (10801111~ 111(1)(-‬‬
‫~~‪111111111~011(1‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~0‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪1~(111111(118 ~1111 111~ 1111(0 1~(111111(11 0~~11,‬‬ ‫‪8110(1~0,‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬
‫‪01(18~0‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1111~( 10(~(1(0‬‬ ‫~‪0( (~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪01(~~1100.‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪0(~(1~00~0‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(~111(11118‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(~1(111~~1)1‬‬ ‫~(~‪~01181(1111, ~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~11((~111‬‬ ‫‪(18~8‬‬ ‫‪((1~101)1.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪10110~111‬‬ ‫‪0(~(1~00~11‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~011(1~~8‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ ~1101~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1111‬‬ ‫~‪111(10111(1~111(~(8‬‬

‫‪~ 1080= 111~ 111(1)(111111111‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~ 0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~111111~( 1~(111111(11 (1110 0(18~ 1~(111111(11‬‬
‫(‪~1111 ~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪1~(111111(11 0~~11 ~1(~1111~0.‬‬ ‫‪~0( 111~ 1((11181810( 10 ~1~. 13-12,‬‬ ‫‪1118 8 ~.‬‬
‫‪~ ~10~ 0,. ~ ~10~= 111~ 111(1)(111111111‬‬‫(~‪~011(1~~ 0~1~~~11 111~ ~011~~10( 1~(11110(11 (1110 ~111111‬‬
‫‪1~(111111(11 (11 (1 8~~~111~0 11~~(111~~ ~011(1~~ (1~~11~0 0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪0(18~ (1110 ~111111~(.‬‬
‫=)‪~ ~100(808‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 111(1)(11111111181181(110111~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪1~(111111(11‬‬
‫~‪(1110 ~111111~( 1~(111111(11 ~1111111‬‬ ‫‪0(18~ 0~~11‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111~0.‬‬ ‫‪11118 ((11111~ 18 8~~~111~0‬‬ ‫~‪(11 111‬‬
‫‪111(1)(111111111‬‬
‫(‪~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111 (1110 ~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫~‪(1~~~(1(111‬‬ ‫~~‪811111111(111~01181)1(1~(088 111~ 0~~1‬‬

‫‪434‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪~()~8‬‬
‫‪~85~51~~8‬‬
‫‪/-‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪~030‬‬ ‫___‬

‫‪,,.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪---‬‬
‫~~‪1,/‬‬

‫‪(0) ~030‬‬ ‫‪~~085‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~1111 (1 8~~~111~0‬‬ ‫‪.,,(110~ 0110(10‬‬ ‫‪11100~1(111~~.‬‬ ‫‪~(0111‬‬ ‫‪~18.‬‬ ‫‪13-12.17,‬‬ ‫‪),7‬‬
‫)‪~100(505‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬
‫(‪~ 10‬‬ ‫(‪1((11181810‬‬ ‫~~‪0(1)1‬‬ ‫‪0670~7.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(~‪1..~1 08 ~011810‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1(~011111‬‬ ‫‪~18.‬‬ ‫‪13-14(1.‬‬ ‫‪~11~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ 8~11~11‬‬ ‫~‪5‬‬ ‫‪18 ~108~0,‬‬
‫(‪111~ ~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111‬‬ ‫(‪111~(~(18~8, (1110 (111~( (1 1((11181~111, 111~ 81~(10)1-81(11~ ~011~~10‬‬
‫‪(),7‬‬ ‫‪),7‬‬
‫‪~0((~11118‬‬ ‫‪1~5‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪~~ -‬‬ ‫‪~10(53())/~~.‬‬ ‫‪~0( (11111100~11.,,~ 10(10, 111~ 10(10 1111~ ~0010‬‬
‫~‪0~ 111~ ~(1111 .413‬‬ ‫‪8110~11 111 ~18. 13-140.‬‬ ‫‪11111~ 8~11~1118‬‬ ‫‪0~~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 (~1110.,,~ 111‬‬
‫‪0(18~ ~0((~111,‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111‬‬ ‫~‪~111 0~8111 10 1(111 (1110 (1 .,,011(18‬‬ ‫)(‪011..(0-1/0-‬‬ ‫‪~111‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪11100~~0‬‬ ‫‪(1~(088‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 11100~10‬‬ ‫~‪10 0~~08‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0((~111 (~00~11011.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 1((11181810‬‬
‫~‪~111 0‬‬ ‫‪8(0)~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10 (1 1((11181~111 .,,011(18~.‬‬ ‫‪11 11118 .,,011(18~ (~(1~11~8‬‬ ‫‪111~ 8081(11111118‬‬
‫(‪.,,011(18~ 1~.,,~1, 111~ ~011~~10‬‬ ‫(‪.,,011(18~ (~111(11118 (1~~(0)(1111(11~1)1 ~01181(1111 (1110 111~ ~011~~10‬‬
‫‪~0((~111‬‬ ‫‪~1111(111.‬‬ ‫(~‪~11‬‬ ‫~‪(1 8111(11111111~, 111~ 1((11181810( ~111 0~ 111 111~ 011-81(11‬‬ ‫~‪(1110 111‬‬
‫‪10(11-01110(10‬‬ ‫‪1111~ 18 8110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~18.‬‬ ‫‪13-140‬‬ ‫~‪0)1111‬‬ ‫‪~(1111 ~/).4.‬‬

‫~‪~)(301~1‬‬ ‫‪13-4‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪1~111~~(~111(~,‬‬
‫‪13-12.19.‬‬
‫‪)1111~110111~111~~(~111(~ 0~ ~ 1(~1151510( 15 1~ = 1500~ ~110 111~~11101~111‬‬
‫‪111~ 111~)(111111111‬‬
‫‪1~111~~(~111(~ 15 1/1 = 250~.‬‬
‫‪0.100~,‬‬ ‫‪~110 ~8/1 = 0.500~,‬‬
‫)~( ‪~110‬‬
‫‪1~ 111~ 111~(111~11111~~0~11~~5 ~(~ ~~~ = 0.400~,‬‬
‫‪~~1~111~1~ 111~ (~) 111~)(111111111‬‬
‫‪111~(111~1 ~110 5~~0110‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬
‫= ~‪~~.‬‬
‫~‪01551~~11011, (0) ~~5‬‬
‫‪0(~~/(00~11‬‬ ‫~‪0~(~1111‬‬ ‫‪~~~10(5‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 ~1~.‬‬

‫‪80101/00‬‬ ‫‪(~) 1~ -‬‬ ‫‪1/1‬‬ ‫~~~(‪= ,,,‬‬ ‫‪+ ~~8 + ~8/1) = ,,,~~/1, ~~/1 = 0.4 + 0.1 + 0.5‬‬
‫‪1.0,,,,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 ~1,,,~5 111~ 111~)(111111111‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪01551~~11011 ~5 ,,,‬‬
‫‪= 1.0, ~110 150‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫= ‪25‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪125 ~.‬‬
‫‪(0) 1~ = 1~ - ,,,~~~ = 150 - 125‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪0.4 = 1000~.‬‬
‫(‪(~) ~0‬‬
‫‪1~ = 1000~, ~1~. 13-12.19‬‬ ‫‪~1,,,~5 ~ 111~(111~10~(~1111~ ~~~10( 0~ 40%‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬
‫‪5~~0110 0(~~/(00~11‬‬ ‫‪0~(~1111~ ~~~10( 0~ 73%.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~)(3111~1~ 13-5‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫(~‪~ 01~01‬‬ ‫~‪1(~1151510( 0‬‬ ‫~‪1)1~~ 0670‬‬ ‫(~~~‪15 115~0 ~5 ~ ~110‬‬ ‫‪5~11~11 ~0( ~ (~51511,,,~ 10~0.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(‪~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~11115‬‬ ‫~ ‪/‬‬ ‫‪(3,,,‬‬
‫~ ‪= 50‬‬ ‫‪~1 ~ ~0(~~0‬‬ ‫~‪(3 0‬‬ ‫‪= 25.‬‬ ‫~(‪1~ 111~ )1111~11011 1~111~~(~111‬‬
‫‪15 1~ = 1500~,‬‬ ‫)‪~~1~111~1~ 111~ (~) 11~10(03()~(0‬‬ ‫~~‪11810(,3()~(~) 111(11-01111111~, (00~ (0) 111(11-0‬‬
‫~‪11111~,(0~~~(~) 0~5~ ~11((~11110 0(1,,,~ 111~ 1(~1151510( 11110 5~111(~11011, /85~ ~110 (~) 0,,,~(0(1,,,‬‬
‫‪~~~10(, 00~.‬‬

‫‪80101/00‬‬ ‫‪(3,,, = 25 ~110 /(. = 50~.‬‬

‫)(‪(~) ~1~11(~ 13-12.5 ~1,,,~5 11~10($3‬‬
‫‪= 0.95~.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~1~11(~ 13-12.7‬‬ ‫)‪~1,,,~5 11810(03.‬‬
‫‪= 1.7~.‬‬

‫‪58~. 13-2‬‬ ‫‪435‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪(() ~1~11~~13-12.9 ~1~~5, (~ = 0.4 ,..,..5,(,/ = 0.085 ,..,..5‬‬‫= ~( ‪111~~~10~~,(00 = (,/ +‬‬
‫‪0.485 ,..,..5.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~1~11~~ 13-12.10 ~1~~5 (/ = 1.8 ,..,..5,(5‬‬ ‫=‬
‫= ‪6 ,..,..5~111~~~10~~, (0(( = (5 + (/‬‬
‫= ‪6 + 1.8‬‬ ‫‪7.8,..,..5.‬‬
‫)~(‬ ‫~~‪~1~11‬‬ ‫‪13-12.3‬‬ ‫‪11101((11~5‬‬ ‫~‪111(11 (11 /‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪111~ 1~(11151510~ ~111 0~~~(11‬‬ ‫~‪111 111‬‬
‫‪5(1111~(111011 ~~~1011‬‬ ‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫~‪0(15‬‬ ‫‪(11~~~11115‬‬ ‫‪(1~~~0)(1(11(11~1)1,‬‬ ‫‪/88‬‬ ‫‪= 0.4 ~.‬‬
‫‪(1) 11~.. = 25 = 50//81 = /~//8(, /81 = /8 = 2~.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~~~10~~,111~0~~~0~1‬‬
‫~‪1(1(10~ 15 00‬‬ ‫‪= /8//88 = 2/0.4 = 5.0 ~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪5~11~1110‬‬ ‫‪5~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~(10 0~ 10~~~(15~0‬‬ ‫~‪0~ ~~011~10‬‬ ‫‪111~0-00‬‬ ‫‪11(11~, (00, (100‬‬ ‫‪111~0-011‬‬
‫‪1101~,‬‬ ‫‪(0((.‬‬ ‫~‪(00 ~(10 0‬‬ ‫‪~~011~~0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪(1110~10‬‬ ‫~‪0(15‬‬ ‫‪~11~~~01‬‬ ‫~‪~~(1~10‬‬ ‫‪011~10~ 111~0-00,‬‬
‫‪~10 ~(10 0~ 10~(~(15~0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~~5111110~ 10 10~ ~0~~~0 ~(~10) (11111~ 0~~10010~.‬‬ ‫‪~~1~( 111(0-00,‬‬
‫‪10 (1 511~~~1~1~011~ 111~11~(1111~ 10 01(1101(110 111~ 1((1051510( 10 111~ ().11(151-5(1111((11100 (~~100.‬‬
‫~‪(0(( ~(10 0‬‬ ‫‪(~011~~0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(510‬‬ ‫~‪0(15‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫~‪(1110~10‬‬ ‫~‪0(15‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫~‪~~(1~10‬‬
‫~‪011(10‬‬ ‫‪111(0-0~~.‬‬ ‫~‪10~(~(1510‬‬ ‫‪111~ .,,(1111~ 0~ 1 /32 0~~(~(15~5‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 510((1‬‬ ‫‪1101~.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪1~~1~(11‬‬
‫‪~(1.,,~~0(01‬‬ ‫‪~0( 0(15~ ~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~. 13-15.‬‬
‫‪~~(1(1‬‬ ‫‪~(001 (1 11)(~0 511(1~~ 0~ 0(15~ ~11((~01 (15 10 ~1~. 13-15,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0(~~0‬‬ ‫~‪~ 01(1‬‬
‫‪0~ ~001(011~0‬‬ ‫‪~001101101151~ 10 01(11~11111~ ~011~~10( ~11((~01 .,,(1(/(111005.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~001-‬‬
‫~ ~(‪01001~ 115~0 1~~1101().11~5~0( 0~11011210~ 111~ 0(15~ 0(1.,,~ 0~ (1 1((1051510( (1‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪111(0-00 ~001(01‬‬

‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪111(0 0~~-~001(01‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬
‫‪~(0~0(1100(11‬‬

‫‪13-16.‬‬
‫‪085~ ~001(01‬‬
‫‪~0115(1111((11100 ~001(01‬‬

‫‪1~,.(1-0(1‬‬ ‫‪~0(11,.0~.‬‬
‫‪~11~0‬‬
‫‪111~ 0(15~ ~11((~01‬‬
‫‪111~ 10~111 .,,011(1~~ 15 111(0~0‬‬
‫~‪~~(1~10‬‬
‫‪00,‬‬
‫‪~(10 0~ ~(0.,,10~0‬‬
‫‪111~ 0(15~ ~11((~0115‬‬
‫‪0~ 111~ ~1(~1111‬‬
‫~‪110111~0 0‬‬
‫(‪(~51510‬‬ ‫‪.8.1 (100‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10111(11 .,,(1111~ 0~ 0(15~ ~11((~0115‬‬

‫‪1.71 -‬‬ ‫~‪1.7/3‬‬

‫‪1/30‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(13-37‬‬
‫‪.8.1‬‬

‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~10(11 .,,(1111~ 0~ 111~ 0(15~ ~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪1.71 -‬‬ ‫~‪1.7/3‬‬

‫‪1/31‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫)‪(13-38‬‬
‫‪.8.1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪.8.2‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪..1~11..~ 13-15‬‬ ‫‪8115~ 0(1..,~ ~11((~11(~11..,~-‬‬

‫‪- ~82- - - - - - - -‬‬ ‫‪~0((11.‬‬

‫‪436‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~~~~~8‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬

‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪~~~~--‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~~1‬‬ ‫~‪~~~/‬‬

‫‪-~2‬‬

‫‪10.~ ~(1~(1~110( ~1 ~0.(1(~~8 1.1~10 (1 110(11.,,(111.1~01‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪~~ ~ ~1‬‬ ‫)‪(13-39‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬

‫‪10.~ ~0.(1(~10~ 11(0~ ~0081(101 0110.~ ~(1~(1~110( 18‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~1~2~1‬‬
‫‪71‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(13-40‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬

‫~~‪00‬‬ ‫~~‪10.~ 10~1.11 .,,011(1‬‬ ‫‪1)8 0~~0(0~8‬‬ ‫‪2~(0,‬‬ ‫(~‪10.~ 0(18~-~(0111‬‬ ‫‪)1.10~1100‬‬ ‫~‪18 (~.,,~(8‬‬
‫‪01(18~0‬‬ ‫‪(100 ~1 018~0.(1(~~8‬‬ ‫‪10.(01.1~0. ~2.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫~‪018~0.(1(~10‬‬ ‫‪11(0~ ~0081(10118‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~2~1.‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫~‪(1110~ 81.1111~1~01 ~0.(1(~10‬‬ ‫~‪(100 018~0.(1(~10‬‬ ‫‪11(0~8,‬‬ ‫‪10.~ ~1010.‬‬ ‫~‪0110.‬‬ ‫‪0(18~ ~1.118~ (01.181‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~ ‪(1‬‬ ‫‪571‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 011-~~(100‬‬ ‫~‪0110.‬‬ ‫~‪~1.118~ (01.181 0‬‬ ‫~ ‪(2‬‬ ‫‪572.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫‪(0(1)(1(01.1(0‬‬
‫~‪8~11~0.10‬‬ ‫~~‪1(~()1.1~0‬‬ ‫‪18/5‬‬ ‫‪= 1/7 = 1/((1 + (2) = 0.2/(71 + 72).‬‬

‫~‪0-0‬‬ ‫‪~001..0~.‬‬ ‫~~‪1110.~ 10~1.11.,,011(1‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-1618‬‬ ‫‪~0.(10~~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 - ~2 01.1(10‬‬
‫‪11.1(0-011,‬‬ ‫(‪10.~ ~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫~~‪.,,011(1‬‬ ‫)‪~~ 10 8(). (13-39‬‬ ‫~‪18 (100~0 10 ~2 (18 (1 (~.,,~(8‬‬ ‫~~‪.,,011(1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪(1~(088‬‬
‫(‪~(1~(1~110‬‬
‫‪~2.‬‬
‫‪(1.1810~ ~2,‬‬
‫‪10.~ 1((1081810(.‬‬

‫‪10.~ 10(~(1(0‬‬
‫‪~1 018~0.(1(~~8,‬‬
‫‪11 0111~(~0111.1(0-00‬‬
‫‪~3,‬‬ ‫)‪(100 ~4‬‬
‫~‪0(18~ 0(1.,,‬‬
‫~(~‪10.‬‬

‫‪(18 80.0~0‬‬
‫‪~111 0~ 0(18~-~1.1((~01‬‬
‫~‪10.~ (~.,,~(8‬‬

‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪~1(~1.111 1(0(0‬‬
‫‪~~(1/(10~ 01.1(10~ 11.1(0-011.‬‬
‫‪.,,011(1~~ ~111 0~ (~01.1~~0‬‬
‫‪(100 11.1(0-011 ~0.(1((1~1~(1811~8‬‬
‫‪13-17 (0(1~ 0~ (100~0.‬‬
‫~‪10.~ (~.,,~(8‬‬ ‫~‪0(18~ 0(1.,,‬‬
‫~‪10 (1 81~(10~-81(11‬‬
‫‪(1(~ (~()1.11(~0,‬‬ ‫‪(1 11.1(0-011‬‬
‫‪10.~ 0100~ 1)1 1801(11~8‬‬
‫‪~1(~1.111 01.1(10~ 11.1(0-011.‬‬
‫~‪,4.8 10.‬‬
‫‪.,,(111.1~,‬‬
‫‪~1(~1.111‬‬

‫~~‪~..0~0.-1.00‬‬ ‫‪~~59 ~001..0~.‬‬ ‫~‪10.18 1~~~ 01 ~001(01 0.(18 (10.,,(101(1~~8 0.,,~( 10.‬‬
‫‪~0081(101 0(1.,,~ ~1(~1.111. 11 10.~ ~011~~10( ~1.1((~01 ~0.(10~~8 01.1~ 10 ~0.(10~~ 10 10(10‬‬
‫‪0~(0(100, 10.~ 0(18~ 0(1.,,~ ~1.1((~0118 ~0.(10~~0 10 ~(0~0(1100‬‬ ‫‪10 10.~ ~011~~10( ~1.1((~01.‬‬
‫‪,4. 1~~1~(11 (1(((10~~(0~01 18 80.0~0 10 ~1~. 13-18.‬‬ ‫‪~0.~0‬‬ ‫‪8~11~0. 51 18 11.1(0~0 00, (1‬‬
‫(‪~1.118~~1.1((~01 01 80.0(1 01.1((11100 ~01.110 110~ 10.(01.1~0. 10.~ 0(18~ 011((1081810‬‬ ‫‪~1 ~ (100‬‬

‫‪~1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~2‬‬

‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪~3‬‬

‫‪~~8‬‬
‫‪~~2‬‬

‫‪58~. 13-2‬‬ ‫‪437‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪8‬‬
‫‪51‬‬
‫~‪0-‬‬
‫‪~~0-‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~~~0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(21 18 11.1(11~0 011 11110 8311.1(311011.‬‬ ‫~~‪011‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 813(18‬‬ ‫‪10 110~,‬‬ ‫‪3 ~0(-‬‬
‫‪(~8.,01101118‬‬ ‫~‪038‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~11118‬‬ ‫(~‪11101.1~~0 01.1~ 10 111~ 1(311810(111‬‬ ‫‪3~11011.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 1(31181810‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫‪1111~11 011‬‬ ‫‪118~11,‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪51‬‬ ‫‪~311‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪11.1(11~0‬‬ ‫‪011.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪11.1(118 (3110‬‬ ‫‪18 1-12/1-11‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪/~/‬‬

‫‪/8‬‬ ‫‪=~.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫(~‪.,(0.,‬‬ ‫‪0.,~(311011‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.111,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1113811~1121118‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111,‬‬ ‫‪~01~01111.181‬‬

‫~‪0~ 1111.1~0 8111311~( 101111 10‬‬ ‫(‪~011~~10‬‬ ‫~‪~1.1((~111, 8001.110 0‬‬ ‫‪38 8111311 118 .,088101~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫(‪8~11~11 51 ~311 0~ 1111.,1~111~111~0 0~ 3 8111311-81811311(31181810‬‬ ‫‪3110 300/1101131‬‬ ‫‪3((3118~-‬‬
‫~(‪111~111 18 11~~~883‬‬ ‫~‪10 018~03(8‬‬ ‫(‪~3.,3~110‬‬ ‫‪~1 3110 (~8~1‬‬ ‫(~‪10~ 1(311810(111‬‬ ‫~(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪01.1(1118‬‬
‫~‪11.1(11-011 0110‬‬ ‫(~~‪.,0‬‬ ‫‪1(111181810(.‬‬

‫‪.4~1.581(,8,.81.0~ ~0~1,.0~.‬‬ ‫‪1110~ 1(31181810(18 0(1~~11 03(0, 10~ 810(38~ 11111~,‬‬

‫‪~01~0 18 .,(0.,0(1101131 10 10~ 038~ ~1.1((~111,111~(~38~8 1111010~ 8~11~01118 8.,~~0 18‬‬
‫‪(~01.1~~0. 10~ 810(38~11111~ ~11110~ (~01.1~~0 0~ 0.,~(311118 10~ 1(31181810( 1118011‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(~‪8311.1(311011 (1110‬‬
‫(~‪~011~~10(-~111111‬‬
‫~‪81~~110‬‬
‫‪111311 03(0‬‬
‫~‪~01138‬‬
‫‪81111.1(311011.‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪3 .,(~0~1~(111111~0‬‬

‫‪/~ -‬‬
‫~~ ~ _‬
‫‪1018‬‬

‫~~‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~311 0~ 11~~0111.,1180~0‬‬

‫‪~0,,‬‬
‫‪1~~~1‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫~‪0~ ~111111.,1118 10‬‬
‫(‪~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 18‬‬

‫)‪(13-41‬‬

‫~(~‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪~~,,, 18 111~ ~13111.,1118 ~01138‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~~,,, ). ~ ~8(53().‬‬ ‫‪~ 1~.,1~111~1(~1.111~110‬‬
‫‪~13111.,11183~11011 (3180 /(110~11 38 .83/(~(,8 ~13111.,) 18 800~11 111~18. 13-19.‬‬
‫‪10~ 038~ ~1.1((~111,~01~1118 30~~1.131~ 10 0(1~~ 10~ 1(31181810( 03(0, ~11110~ 101.1110‬‬
‫‪1(0111‬‬
‫‪~8 -‬‬ ‫‪~.11-‬‬ ‫‪~88‬‬
‫‪/8‬‬ ‫‪/1‬‬ ‫)‪(13-42‬‬
‫‪~8‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~~‪~2=~~-‬‬ ‫‪02‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~~~~2‬‬
‫~‪~~-‬‬
‫‪~~88‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫~‪8‬‬
‫‪/8‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬

‫‪~1‬‬ ‫~~~‪)-‬‬
‫‪~~~~+‬‬
‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪~8‬‬
‫~‪~~~~1~0..‬‬
‫‪13-19‬‬ ‫(‪~011~~10‬‬ ‫~‪~1~111))1/1‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111.‬‬

‫‪438‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫)‪(13-43‬‬
‫(~‪~11‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~/11 (15~5,‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 1(3/151510‬‬ ‫~‪15 11.1(/1~0. 0/1, 3/10. 111~ ~13(/1~1/1‬‬ ‫‪13~~5‬‬
‫~~‪~13‬‬ ‫‪(0.1.1~ 10 111~ 13~1 11131 1)2 ~~15 10(~3(0.‬‬ ‫‪0135~0.‬‬ ‫‪3/10. ~0/10.1.1~15),‬‬ ‫‪111~/1‬‬

‫)‪(13-44‬‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~~‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~85‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~.11‬‬ ‫‪~.12‬‬
‫)‪(13-45‬‬
‫~~‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(13-46‬‬

‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~13(/1~1/1~, ~.11‬‬ ‫‪)0-‬‬

‫‪~.12 3/10. 11115 ~3/1 0~ 3~~0(/1~11511~0.‬‬ ‫~(‪0)1 ~0/1/1~~11/1~ 1~0 0( (/10‬‬
‫‪0.100.~5‬‬ ‫~~‪1/1 ~13‬‬ ‫‪011)1.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 1030. (~51513/1‬‬ ‫‪~~ 51101.110. 531151)1111~ ~0/10.1110/1‬‬

‫‪~(0(/1 8~. (13-45),‬‬

‫)‪(13-47‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪/13110/1‬‬
‫~‪~13(/1~1/1‬‬

‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬
‫‪1/1~(~35~0.,‬‬
‫‪3~110/1‬‬
‫~~‪01 111~ 510(3‬‬
‫‪0.1.1~ 10 1/1~(~35~0.‬‬
‫‪~11~(~35‬‬
‫(‪1111.15(~51.1115 1/1 3 (~0.1.1~~0. ~011~~10‬‬
‫‪11(/1~.‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪~ ~5,‬‬
‫~‪111~ 5~11~111/1‬‬
‫~‪111~ 53(/1‬‬
‫~‪111~ 0/1-5131‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬
‫‪11(/1~,‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬
‫‪1055 15 0.~~(~35~0..‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~/11 3/10. 31(/1051‬‬
‫‪3 1351 11.1(/1-0/1‬‬
‫‪0.1551~3110/1‬‬
‫‪~11(/11-‬‬
‫‪15 3~~0(/1~11511~0..‬‬
‫(‪1/1 111~ 1(3/151510‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫~))(‪~,.801‬‬ ‫‪13-6‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪0(15‬‬ ‫~‪0(1...‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.111111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-1911(15‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫‪= 100~, ~~ = 1.5 0, ~01 = 2.1 ~, ~02‬‬
‫‪= 0.9 ~, ~810 = 0.7 ~, ~8 = 15~,‬‬ ‫‪(1110~8 = 2.50,‬‬ ‫~‪(1110~ = 16. ~(11~1.11(11‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫(‪((1) ~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111‬‬ ‫)‪111101.11~1(101~111~~ (0‬‬ ‫(~‪~011~~10(-~01111‬‬ ‫~‪~1(1111~111~...011(1~~, ~ ~10‬‬
‫(‪(1110 (~) ~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111‬‬ ‫‪1111~1(1111~111~.‬‬

‫‪80)01100 ((1) ~(0111 8~. (13-42), /1 = (15 - 2.1 -‬‬ ‫‪0.7)/2.5‬‬ ‫‪= 4.88~.‬‬ ‫‪~111101.11‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪~1(1111~111~,‬‬
‫‪/~ = 16‬‬ ‫‪4.88 = 78.08 ~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪(0) ~(0111 8~. (13-44), 111~~1(1111~111‬‬
‫‪...011(1~~15‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~~10 = 0.7 + 2.1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫~ ‪0.9 = 1.9‬‬

‫‪(~) ~(0111 8~. (13-45), /~ = (100 - 1.9)/1.5 = 65.4~.‬‬ ‫‪8~1.1(111011‬‬
‫‪(13-46) ~1...~5‬‬
‫(‪111~ ~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111‬‬ ‫~~‪1111 ~1(1111~111‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪13-2‬‬ ‫‪439‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~00‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪~00‬‬

‫‪885~~ 51~~~1~~8‬‬
‫~‪(8) ,,-~~8,,,,8‬‬ ‫‪08()(81~0,,-1~()8‬‬ ‫‪~08~~,.‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫‪885~~ 51~~~1~~8‬‬
‫(‪(0) ()-~~8,,,,8‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~00‬‬

‫‪08()(81~0,,-1~()8‬‬ ‫‪~08~~,.‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪~00‬‬
‫‪+‬‬

‫~‬ ‫(‪0111013‬‬ ‫(‪)011~110111(31151510‬‬ ‫)‪(1311‬‬ ‫‪15 3 ~0((~111-~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫~~‪0~..,1‬‬ ‫‪3110 (~().01(~5‬‬ ‫~‪035‬‬
‫(‪~0((~11110‬‬ ‫~‪~0((~111110‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ ~011~~10(.‬‬ ‫(‪$111~~ 111~ ~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~0((~11115‬‬ ‫‪0~11~110~111‬‬
‫(‪011 111~ 1111101 (0‬‬ ‫)~‪035‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0((~111‬‬ ‫‪~311115 111~111)10~11~110~111‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ )011~11011‬‬
‫~(‪1~(1111~(310‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‬ ‫(~~‪110‬‬ ‫‪~0$~~115‬‬ ‫‪3 ..,0113~~-~0111(011~0‬‬ ‫~~‪0~..,1‬‬ ‫‪3110 (~().01(~5‬‬ ‫‪0111)1 3 5(11311‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1111101 ~0((~111.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 5~11~11111~ 511~~0 15 ..,~()1111~11 3110 111~ 5~11~11111~ 11(11~5 3(~ 01111‬‬
‫(~‪0(0‬‬ ‫‪01 1131105~~01105.‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~0$~~1$‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 11110111~ 111~(~35111~ 3111111~3110115 111‬‬
‫(~~‪10~-110‬‬ ‫‪111~11-1(~~0~11~)1‬‬ ‫‪~011..,~(1~(5.‬‬ ‫‪~0$~~15‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪1101 113..,~ 111~ 11(001~(115‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫‪5~~0110‬‬ ‫‪0(~3~00~111111~110(11~113‬‬ ‫‪35 00‬‬ ‫‪13115.‬‬ ‫‪110~~..,~(,‬‬ ‫‪~0$~~15‬‬ ‫‪113..,~ 111~ 11(00-‬‬
‫~‪1~(115 01 ~1~~1(051311‬‬ ‫~~(‪015~113‬‬ ‫~(‪3110 (~().01‬‬ ‫~(‪511~~131 ~3‬‬ ‫‪111 1131101111~.‬‬ ‫‪111 300111011,‬‬
‫‪1115 (~1311..,~1)1 01111~01110‬‬ ‫‪11(01~~1111~(11‬‬ ‫(~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪5110(1-~1(~011~0‬‬ ‫‪13011 ~01101110115.‬‬
‫‪~0$~~15‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫)‪1)111~5~ (1‬‬ ‫‪0~111~11011‬‬ ‫‪~0$~~15,‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫‪~1111311~~(11~111‬‬
‫‪~0$~~15.‬‬ ‫~‪~11 11-~1131111~1 0~111~11011-1)111‬‬ ‫‪~0$~~115‬‬ ‫‪10((11~0‬‬ ‫‪011 3 )7-1)111~ 5111~011‬‬
‫~‪50051(31‬‬ ‫‪35 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-203,‬‬ ‫‪~1111 1~0‬‬ ‫‪11~3..,11)1 001111~0‬‬ ‫‪11 + 5111~011 10( 10~-‬‬

‫‪440‬‬
 ‫~~‪1~5151(10‬‬ ‫‪~000~~11005.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪11011110‬ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫)(~‪8(11~ 151501(11‬‬ ‫‪~0(100~1‬‬ ‫‪0~ (11010‬‬ ‫~)(‪0)(1‬‬ ‫‪1(1~~1.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪101‬‬ ‫‪1~111110(115 (11~ ~(111~() 8(1(~,‬‬ ‫‪(/,.(1111, (10() 50/1,.(~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪51.10511(11~ 15 001111(111‬‬
‫)(~‪~000~~1‬‬ ‫‪10 10~ 501.11~~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪8(11~-10-501.11‬‬ ‫‪~011(18~,‬‬ ‫‪~ 05, ~01.11() 0~ ~110~1‬‬ ‫~~‪~05111‬‬
‫‪01 0~8(111~~.‬‬ ‫‪11 ~ 05 15 0~8(111~~,‬‬ ‫~‪50111~ 0110‬‬ ‫‪~1~~11005‬‬ ‫‪~0 10~ 11-~0(100~1‬‬ ‫‪(11~(1 ~111‬‬
‫‪0~ 1~~~11~() (10() (1 ()~~1~1100‬‬ ‫~‪1~8100 ~111 0~ ~1~(11~() 0~10‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~)(‪0)(1‬‬ ‫‪1(1~~1,‬‬ ‫‪1~51.111108‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪0(1110~~1‬‬ ‫~~‪~11~~11‬‬ ‫‪~0(100~1‬‬ ‫)(‪(10‬‬ ‫~~‪01801~5151(10‬‬ ‫‪110111‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪()1(110‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪501.11~~,‬‬ ‫‪8.05.‬‬
‫‪11 ~ 05 15 111(1()~ 0~8(111~~ ~001.180,‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~0(100~1 ~111 0~ ~0111~1~1~1~ ()~~1~1~(),‬‬ ‫‪011~1108‬‬
‫‪(1 0180 ~(111.1~ 01 8.05,‬‬ ‫~‪(10() 10~1~ ~111 0~ 00 ~1.111~01110‬‬ ‫‪110111 10~ ()1(110 10 501.11~~,‬‬
‫‪/05‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~(111.1~ 01 ~ 05 ~0~0‬‬ ‫‪1015 0(1~~~05‬‬ ‫‪15 ~(111~() ~111(/1-0//‬‬ ‫‪1/01((18~, ~17. 00‬‬
‫‪10~ 010~10(10(),‬‬ ‫‪~ 0515 111(1()~ ~05111~~, 10~ ~0(100~1 0~~0111~5 ~1()~1,‬‬ ‫‪(10() / 0510~1~(15~5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪()1.1~ 10 1~()1.1~1100 10 8.05.‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫‪(1~-~0(100~1‬‬ ‫~~~‪()~~1~1100-1‬‬ ‫‪~05~51,‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~01(11111~5‬‬
‫~ )(‪(10‬‬
‫‪01 ~ 05,‬‬ ‫‪/05,‬‬ ‫‪05 (11~ 1~~~15~().‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫~~~‪11-~0(100~1 ~00(10~~111~01-1‬‬ ‫‪~05~510(15‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪~0(100~1,‬‬ ‫‪(15 500~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~18.‬‬
‫‪13-21.‬‬ ‫‪11 ~ 05‬‬
‫‪15 ~05111~~,‬‬ ‫‪(10 10()1.1~~() ~011(18~ ~111 (1111(1~110~ ~1~~11005‬‬ ‫‪110111 10~ ~-‬‬
‫~‪51.10511(11~ (10() (1~~1.11111.11(11~10~111 (11 10~ 51.111(1~~ 0~0~(11010‬‬ ‫‪0)(1()~ 1(1~~1.‬‬ ‫~ ‪11‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪05 15‬‬
‫‪81~(11~110(10‬‬ ‫‪01 ~().1.1(1110 (1 ~(111.1~ /(00~0‬‬ ‫‪(15 (/1,.~5/101(/ 1/01((18~, ~,, (1 51.1111~1~01 01.11110~1‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫‪.,00‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪885,‬‬ ‫‪51~~~1~~6‬‬

‫‪(8) (1-~08(1(16~ 6(108(1~6~6(11-1)-~6‬‬ ‫‪~08,,,~,‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫‪(0) ~-~08(1(16~6(108(1~6~6(11-1~~6 ~08,,,~,‬‬

‫‪..1~11..~ 13-21‬‬ ‫~‪51111811(~01~111-1)111‬‬

‫‪~05~518.‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪13-3‬‬ ‫‪441‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪01 ~1~~1(0118‬‬
‫‪111~ 0(3111‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪111~1~. 13-22.‬‬

‫‪111~ ~05~~18‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪~31‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪3(~ 3~~1.1(111.1131~0 10 10((11 3 ~1(11.13111-~1131111~1 3110 111~ ~1.1((~111110~8‬‬
‫‪10 801.1(~~.‬‬
‫‪~1131111~1 ~1111311~~(11~111-1)1~~ ~05~~1.‬‬

‫‪0(3~8‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111 ~3111, ~111~1118‬‬
‫(~‪1)1~1~311)1 011 111~ 0(0‬‬
‫‪~3(3(11~1~(.‬‬
‫‪~0113~~,‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬

‫‪3(~ ~0113~~-~0111(011~0‬‬
‫‪3 ~~()1‬‬
‫‪~013(111~8‬‬

‫~~‪8(113111~3~3‬‬
‫‪111~ (3110‬‬
‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪109.‬‬
‫‪(,(1115~011011~((111~~,‬‬
‫(~‪0~1111~8 111~ 1(31181‬‬
‫‪01 ~ 1)5, 11)5,‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬

‫‪0~~1~~8‬‬
‫‪~05~~18‬‬

‫~~‪3110113‬‬
‫(~‪~1.1((~111, 111 111~ 0(0‬‬
‫‪01 0(3111‬‬
‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬

‫‪~113(3~1~(1811~8‬‬
‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪~ 05 3(~ (~~~(8~0‬‬

‫~‪~1.1((~111, 11), 10 111~1.11 ~31‬‬

‫‪10( 3 /1-‬‬
‫‪01 ~3(101.18 812~8 3(~ 8110~11‬‬

‫‪~~()1111~11111~1.111(11~~0311~~.‬‬
‫‪011131103(11~~(~8.‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111, 10,‬‬
‫‪111~ ~1.1((~111 ~3111 18 1101 311 1(11~0(13111‬‬
‫‪~111~11 18 111~ (3110‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫‪3110 18 3 ~~()11(11~0(13111‬‬
‫‪0(3111‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 10‬‬
‫‪~3(3(11~1~(.‬‬
‫‪1(0(11‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬

‫~‪~31‬‬
‫‪18‬‬

‫(~‪111~ 1(31181‬‬ ‫‪~113(3~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪0111-~1131111~1 3110/1-~1131111~1‬‬ ‫‪~05~~15‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 8110~11‬‬

‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-23.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~1.1‬‬ ‫‪13-24‬‬ ‫‪8110~8‬‬ ‫‪111~ 01.11~1.11 ~113(3~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪01 311 11-~1131111~1 ~11-‬‬
‫‪11311~~(11~111 ~.105~~1.‬‬ ‫~(~‪111‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫~~(‪111‬‬ ‫‪(~~10118‬‬ ‫~‪01 0~~(311011‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫‪~1.11011 (~~1011,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~ ~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪0( 8311.1(311011 (~~1011, ~11~(~ ~ 1)5 ~ ~(~5 - ~ 1~ 3110‬‬
‫‪05 =5 ~ 1~ (2) ~111~11-011‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(3‬‬ ‫~(~‪1111~3( (~~1011, ~11‬‬ ‫‪~ 1)5 =5 ~ 05 - ~ 1.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~111~11-011 0~~1.1(8 31 ~ 1)5 = ~ 05‬‬
‫~‪- ~ 1. 111111~ 1111~3( (~~1011, 111~0(3111 ~1.1((~111,11) ~3(1~8111 ~(0~0(1101110111‬‬ ‫‪0(3111-‬‬
‫(~~‪801.1(~~ ~0113~~, ~ 1)5. 01.1~ 10 111~11 0(3111 ~1.1((~111 3110 10~ 0(3111 ~0113~~, 111~ ~0‬‬
‫‪1(31181810(8‬‬ ‫~‪3(~ 0~~(31~0111111‬‬ ‫(‪1111~3( (~~101110‬‬ ‫‪8~11~11111~ 3~110118.‬‬ ‫‪111111~ 8311.1(311011‬‬
‫‪(~~1011,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0(3111‬‬ ‫(‪~1.1((~111 (~(1131118 31(11081 ~01181311110‬‬ ‫~‪(11)1111~(~38‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ ~311.1~ 01‬‬
‫‪~ 1)5 3110 111~ 1(31181810(8‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫(‪1.18~0 111 11118 (~~101110‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪3(11~1111~311011.‬‬ ‫‪11 81101.110‬‬
‫‪0~ 1101~0‬‬ ‫~‪11131 8311.1(311011 1138 111~ 0~~0811‬‬ ‫(‪(11~311111~ 10 1113110‬‬ ‫(‪01~013‬‬ ‫‪1(31181810(8.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪81~(0)1-8131‬‬ ‫‪(1100~1,‬‬ ‫‪~111~1118‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 83(11~ 10‬‬ ‫~~‪00111 0~~1~11011-1)1‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~11-‬‬
‫~~‪11311~~(11~111-1)1‬‬ ‫‪~05~~18,‬‬ ‫‪18 8110~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-25.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1(3118~01101.1~1311~~,‬‬ ‫‪~,,,,‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫‪442‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫~‪1/‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪1/(35‬‬ ‫‪- ~0‬‬
‫~‪~-~08.~~8‬‬ ‫~‪~-~08.~~8‬‬
‫‪(8.) 08~~8110~-1~~8‬‬ ‫‪~08~~,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1/,‬‬
‫‪1/(35‬‬
‫~‪~-~08.~~8‬‬ ‫~‪~-~08.~~8‬‬
‫‪(0) ~~08.~~8018~1-~~8~08~~,‬‬

‫)‪(13-48‬‬

‫‪~05,‬‬ ‫‪~01~015‬‬ ‫‪0~1111~0 (15‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪15 110(111(111)1 ~~()1‬‬
‫‪(1110 15 ~~()1‬‬
‫‪01~0111‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪5111(111111 10~ 1111~(1( (~~1011,‬‬
‫‪~ 05 -‬‬

‫‪~111~0-011‬‬
‫‪_ ~ 1105‬‬
‫‪(~~1011,‬‬
‫‪~/0‬‬
‫~‪1)1~1~(111)1 011 10‬‬
‫(~‪1)1~1~(111)1 011 10~ 0(0‬‬
‫(~‪0(0‬‬
‫)‪(13-49‬‬

‫‪01111~~001115‬‬
‫‪011111111001115.‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~~‪10~ 0~~1~11011-1)1‬‬ ‫‪~05~13,15,‬‬ ‫(~‪10~ ~(11~ (0( 111~1.11) ~011(1~~ ~01.110 0~ ~110‬‬
‫~~‪~05111‬‬ ‫‪0( 11~~(111~~.‬‬ ‫‪131.1110~ ~110(111~~111~111-1)1~~ ~05~13,15‬‬ ‫‪(~5~0110‬‬ ‫~~‪10 (1 ~05111‬‬
‫~~‪~(11~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪0111)1.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~05~13,15‬‬ ‫~(‪(1‬‬ ‫‪~~11~((111)1‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪~110(111~~111~111‬‬ ‫‪1)1~~.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫~‪~1~~0-011 ~89~0‬‬

‫__~‪~~~88.‬‬ ‫‪/ ...‬‬
‫~‪~89~0‬‬ ‫‪1/(354~ 1/(353~ 1/(352~ 1/(351~ 1/,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪..)~11..‬‬ ‫‪13-24‬‬ ‫‪0111()111 ~113(3~1~(1511~5‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1/05‬‬ ‫‪~1111311~~111~111-1~()~ ~05~~1.‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪13-3‬‬ ‫‪443‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪-.,,00‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~11011-1)1~~ ~05~~18‬‬ ‫‪~0010‬‬ ‫‪0~ 30~31113~~008‬‬ ‫~‪3110 81(11~111)1111~10~1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪0~81~11 11180(11~ 3~~11~3110118 ~111~11 (~()01(~ 80(11~ 10((11 0110~1~-~0(11~31101~ 3~ 0( 0‬‬
‫‪8~11~11 11131 ~0010 (~(113111 011 ~11~11 111~ 10~1~ 80~~1)113118 3110 11(15 0~~0(11~8 2~(0.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~113(3~1~(1811~8 01 0~~1~11011-1)1~~ ~05~~18‬‬ ‫‪~1111101 0~ 018~088~0 10(111~(.‬‬

‫‪~1111001‬‬ ‫~‪3(1)1 ~31‬‬ ‫‪81~1131,‬‬ ‫~~‪311 ~1111311~~(11~111-1)1‬‬ ‫‪~05~~1‬‬ ‫~‪(113)1 0‬‬ ‫‪~011810~(~0‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬
‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪0100~8‬‬ ‫‪~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫(‪03~/‬‬ ‫(‪10 03~/‬‬ ‫‪0( 38 3 11/711-1(31181810(.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~31‬‬ ‫~(‪81(0~10‬‬ ‫‪1138‬‬
‫~‪~3(38111‬‬ ‫‪~3~3~11311~~8‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 800(~~,‬‬ ‫‪~85, 3110 10 111~ 0(3111, ~80.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 11/711-1(31181810‬‬
‫‪1138 3 (~~~(8~-01381011~11011‬‬ ‫~~(‪1(0(11 111~ 0(3111 10 111~ 800‬‬ ‫‪3110 011~(8 3 ~3~3~11311~~,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~05.‬‬
‫‪~3(311~1‬‬
‫~(‪~1~0‬‬ ‫‪13-263‬‬
‫‪~1111 3 ~05~~1.‬‬
‫‪8110~8‬‬

‫~~‪31 111~ 8111~ 0)1 (11~13112111~ 111~ 800(.‬‬

‫~‪~(11111~( 00‬‬
‫‪(113)1 0~ ~011810~(~0‬‬
‫(‪10 001/‬‬ ‫~~‪(~8181311‬‬
‫‪111~ ~()01~31~111‬‬
‫(~‪111~ 038~-10-~(11111‬‬
‫‪~1(~011‬‬ ‫~‪01 3 ~3(38111‬‬
‫‪(~~1011‬‬
‫~~‪1~((1111131 3110 111~ (~8181311‬‬
‫‪0111- 3110 /7-(~~10118,‬‬
‫~‪38 113~111~ 311 1111~(1131 0100‬‬
‫‪~/0018‬‬ ‫‪8(11311.‬‬
‫‪3110 111~ ~()01~31~111‬‬
‫(‪01~013‬‬
‫(‪0111/711-1(31181810‬‬
‫(‪1(31181810‬‬
‫‪18 8110(1~0‬‬
‫~‪1(0(11 111~ 038‬‬
‫‪1-1~11~~, 3 ~05~~1‬‬
‫‪~1(~011‬‬ ‫‪18 8110~11‬‬
‫‪111‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-260.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~3(38111‬‬ ‫‪~3~3~11311~~8‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪0~~~110~111‬‬ ‫~~‪011 111~1( (~8~~~11‬‬ ‫‪~011-‬‬
‫‪3~~8.‬‬
‫‪111~ 8~11~11111~ (1100~101‬‬ ‫‪~05~~1818‬‬ ‫‪8110~11111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-27.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1)1~1~318~11~11-‬‬
‫‪111~ ~3~~10((118‬‬ ‫~(‪3110 11(11~8 3‬‬ ‫‪8110~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-28.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (/,(,.11-011 0~/(1)7,‬‬ ‫~‪(0(011), 18 111‬‬
‫‪11(11~ 11131 18 (~()01(~0‬‬ ‫~~(‪10 ~113‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 111~01 ~3~3~11311‬‬ ‫‪10 111(~811010‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪1~~~1.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪89.‬‬ ‫‪80.‬‬ ‫‪0+‬‬ ‫‪89.‬‬
‫‪8~.‬‬

‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫)‪(8‬‬ ‫~‪~8~85~11~0~~0~8‬‬ ‫~‪(8) ~,,16~,,8‬‬ ‫‪~~0~6‬‬

‫‪444‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪111~11..~ 13-27‬‬ ‫‪5~11~/1111~ 11100~1 01‬‬

‫‪~05~~15.‬‬
‫‪8‬‬

‫~‪111~ ,./8~ (/111~, (., 15 111~ ~31‬‬ ‫‪~113..~111~ 11(11~ 1..0(11 111~ 111..~511010 1~~~110‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 11.111-~31‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪~ 08~,‬‬ ‫~~‪~111~1115 ..~().1.11..~0 10 0..1‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1..31151510.. 11110 111~ 1111~3.. ..~~1011.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪(/1,.11-0//‬‬ ‫~‪0,~/(1)1 (/111~, ((/(011), 15111~ 11(11~ ..~().1.11..~010..111‬‬ ‫~~‪111~1.11~3~3~11311‬‬ ‫~~‪10 015~113..‬‬
‫~~‪1..0(11 111~ 0~~..0..1‬‬ ‫~‪~31‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪~1,‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ ~111~11-011 ..~~1011.‬‬ ‫~‪~ 05 (111.1510~~..~35‬‬
‫~‪51~11111~(1111)1 0~10..‬‬ ‫‪~ 1)5 0~~1115 10 ..15~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ /0//‬‬ ‫‪(/111~, (1, 15 111~ 11(11~ 1113115 ..~().1.11..~0‬‬
‫~~‪10..111~ 111~1.11~3~3~11311‬‬ ‫~~‪10 015~113..‬‬ ‫‪1..0(11111~ ~111~11-011..~~101110111..~511010‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~ ‪11 ~ 05‬‬ ‫‪~ 1, 111~ 1..31151510..‬‬ ‫‪11.1..115011.‬‬

‫‪~1~1.1..~ 13-29‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0313‬‬ ‫~‪511~~1 011)1~1~(111‬‬ ‫‪11-~1131111~1 ~05~~15,‬‬ ‫‪1)1~~51~~2.40‬‬
‫‪3110 1~~2.42,‬‬ ‫~~‪~111~11113‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~11 ~1.1 ~111 ..31111~5.‬‬

‫‪0~1.,~1‬‬ ‫‪~,,8,.8~9,..51.~5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 01.11~1.11 ~113..3~1~..1511~5,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 3..~ 111~ ~1015‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫‪/ 1) 3~311151 ~ 1)5, 3..~ 5110~11111 ~1~. 13-29 ./10..‬‬ ‫‪~3..101.15 ~311.1~5 01 ~ 05.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111..~511010‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬
‫~‪31111‬‬
‫))‪~/1‬‬
‫‪15 5110~11 35 ~ 1 = 4~.‬‬
‫‪~111~11-011 ..~~1011, ~11~..~35‬‬
‫‪15 3~~..0)(1(1131~1)1‬‬

‫‪~,.8~519,.‬‬
‫‪~0.. (11)(~0 ~311.1~ 01 ~ 05, /1) ..~(1131115 31(11051 ~011513111‬‬
‫‪111~ 01.11~1.11 0.. 011-5131~ ..~5151311~~, (~1)5‬‬
‫‪~011513111.‬‬

‫‪~,,8,.8~9,..51.~.‬‬
‫‪= ~ ~ 1)5/‬‬

‫)‪111~ 1..31151~.. ~113..3~1~..1511~, ~111~1115 (1 ~101 01/1‬‬

‫‪~~..51.15 ~ 05, 15 5110~11 111~1~. 13-29.2‬‬ ‫‪3110 15 1~(11~~..311.1..~ 0~~~110~111.‬‬

‫‪~,.8~5~0~~~~18~~9,‬‬ ‫‪9,,,.‬‬ ‫~‪11115 15 3 (11~351.1..~ 01111~ 1..31151~.. ~113..3~1~..1511‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬

‫‪0~~..~35~5‬‬ ‫~‪~1111111‬‬ ‫~‪)1.111~11011 1~(11~~..311.1..‬‬ ‫‪35 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-29.6.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪...,(35‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪...,1‬‬
‫‪- -‬‬ ‫‪- --1 -‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫~‪...,(35‬‬ ‫‪- - - ,- -‬‬ ‫~‪-‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪...,,‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‪-- --‬‬ ‫‪~ 1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫~‪~--‬‬
‫‪~/0~)1,‬‬
‫‪..)~11..~ 13-28‬‬
‫‪11111~5.‬‬
‫‪5~11~/1111~ ~3~~10(1115‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪13-3‬‬ ‫‪445‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~~)(-=~,..~ ,..~~~5.5,..0~5‬‬ ‫‪.~-=240‬‬

‫‪.~-=242‬‬
‫‪~-0...8.,.,8.‬‬
‫‪50 ~0~,.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~058=~,.5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪50 ~0~., 0.028 0.-.01 ~~)(~~,.‬‬ ‫=‪~98.(.8..95‬‬
‫‪,.0-220~8 ~~85..~ ~8~~899‬‬ ‫)‪. ~)(1,.€,,,€~~~0~ 808(00‬‬
‫‪. 80,,,~8.~1 ~,8.51~~ ~8.~~8.9€‬‬
‫‪,~~ ~~)( ~~, 1~~~,,0~09~ ~~5 ~)(~~,,0~0 ~15 ~~00()~1 0~5~ 10‬‬ ‫‪. 1=8.518~~1~~~09‬‬
‫)‪5~~~~ 1~~ ~0~ ~0~1~9~. ~~~~ ~0~ ~05(0,,‬‬ ‫‪,,,.,05~~,‬‬ ‫~‪1~~,,5,510‬‬
‫‪,~(1()~,~~~,,15.‬‬ ‫~~‪~,,1~,,,~1~0,,‬‬ ‫‪~~~1~1,~~.5 ~~9~~~ ~11~~~~,,1‬‬
‫‪. ~0~ 0,.,~€ 8~,.,.€01‬‬
‫~‪9~0~~1,‬‬ ‫‪~,,0 (),,~(1()~ ~,0~~55~,,9 011~~ ~~)(~~,‬‬ ‫‪~~~~ 0~~,,‬‬
‫‪. ~8.5€ 01 ~8.,.8.~~€/~09‬‬
‫‪~0~0~,,~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~,~~1~ 1~~ 10~~51 0,, ,~5,51~,,~~ ~~, 0~~,~~ ~~,-‬‬ ‫‪. ,..,,08€~000 8,.€8.~00~0‬‬
‫‪10,~~,,~~.‬‬ ‫‪~,,~00~1,0,,‬‬ ‫‪10 1~~5 1~~1()~~ ~~~ ~~)(~~,5‬‬ ‫~~~~‬
‫~‪. ~)(~€,(€01 ~€,,,~€,.8.1~,.€ 818.0,(~1‬‬
‫‪00~()~~,,1~0‬‬ ‫‪,~~,~0~~~1~ ~,,0 ~~~15 ~~, ~~~~,0,, (1()~~,1~1‬‬
‫~‪. ~8.,-15 ~€,. ~~//~00 0~8.~~1‬‬
‫‪,~~ ~~)(~~,‬‬ ‫‪1,~,,5,510,5 ~150 011~, ~~~011~~ ~~~~ ~51~0~,5~~0‬‬
‫‪~0~~,,1~9~5 01 ,,,.,05~~,5‬‬ ‫~‪5()~~ ~5 ~0~1~9~ ~0,,1,01. 1,~~00‬‬
‫‪1,0~ 5~~0,,0 0,~~~00~,,.‬‬ ‫‪~~,~ 1~51 5~~1~~,,,9. ~~5~ 01 ~~~~~1~~-‬‬ ‫~‪~..0~(.8~. 5(.801018‬‬
‫‪~,,9. ~,,0 1~~~~~~1()~~ 51~0,1~1~ 01 1~~ 6~6~,,~~1 ~~~~~616~5.‬‬
‫‪,,,.6.~,‬‬ ‫~~‪~(),,,.,8‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪,~~~ ~~6 ~6~1 5(),~~0 10, ~~~~,~1~0,,5 5()~~ ~5 5~,1~~,,,9 ~0~6,‬‬
‫‪5()~~~,~5. ~010~ ~0,,1,0~5. ~,,~6~16,5. ~~0~~~,5.‬‬
‫~‪1~6,5. ~,9~ ~,,~,9‬‬
‫‪0~~,~1~0‬‬
‫‪~0,1~0~6 6~(),~~6,,1.‬‬
‫‪~()0,0 ~~~~,-‬‬
‫‪~()~56 ~,~~(),15. ~,,0 ~,, 5~516~5 1~~1 ~~6‬‬
‫‪1~0~ ~0~ ~0~1~9~ 0011~,,65. 5()~~ ~5 ~()10~01,~6.‬‬
‫‪61~.‬‬
‫‪~~~240‬‬

‫‪~~~242‬‬
‫‪~05‬‬

‫~‪50‬‬

‫~‪50‬‬
‫)~‪~05(0‬‬

‫~‪0.028‬‬

‫~‪0.035‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪514‬‬

‫‪46.6.‬‬

‫‪10.54,0415,‬‬
‫)‪2.87(0.113‬‬ ‫)‪10.29(0.405‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~~‪378(0.149)0‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫~‬‫‪.‬‬

‫)‪10.54 (0.415‬‬ ‫‪~3~,+,‬‬

‫‪~.6.)(.‬‬

‫‪~ ../+-,‬‬ ‫)‪15.09(0.594‬‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫‪14.84‬‬ ‫~ ‪(0. 584‬‬

‫‪.../ .‬‬ ‫‪...(1 .~ .+‬‬ ‫)‪15.09 (0.594‬‬

‫‪1.15(0.045),.,~~.‬‬
‫~‪4.51(0 _1‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪~.6.)(.‬‬ ‫~ ‪-1‬‬
‫~~~~~‪~01‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫‪+ ..‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫)‪610(0240‬‬ ‫)‪2.29(0.090‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪---1‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬

‫)‪53910.220‬‬

‫‪. ...‬‬
‫‪,---‬‬ ‫)‪5.33 (0.210‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫)‪13.91~0.550‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫)‪4.83~190‬‬
‫~‬
‫)‪13.97 (0.550‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫()~()‪~~(1~0,.‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪~..‬‬
‫‪,,..6.)(.‬‬

‫‪,‬‬ ‫(‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪/..‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫~~~~~~~ ~~~~‬
‫‪,~0‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫~‬
‫)‪1.40~0_055‬‬ ‫)‪--12.91 (0.117‬‬
‫‪0.939,0037,‬‬
‫)‪0.686 (0.027‬‬
‫)‪1.15(0.045‬‬ ‫)‪21210107‬‬

‫‪~_ 5~.. ,.0.220~8‬‬

‫‪().,,,.,,-.51005‬‬ ‫‪1,, ~.~~.,,,818.-$‬‬ ‫~‪80‬‬ ‫)‪0,,~08$‬‬

‫‪...1~11..~13-29‬‬ ‫‪0~1~ 5/1~~1 0~ 1~ 1-.105~~15,‬‬ ‫‪1~11~51~~240‬‬ ‫‪~(10 1~~42.‬‬ ‫‪(~0/./,(~5)/‬‬

‫‪0/ //1(~,/1(1(/0/1(1/ 8.~((///~,).‬‬

‫‪446‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫(‪~8,,,818‬‬ ‫‪~~~40‬‬ ‫‪~~42‬‬ ‫‪~....‬‬

‫‪1/05‬‬ ‫‪0~8.,,‬‬ ‫‪50~~~8‬‬ ‫‪~~898‬‬
‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪1/‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫))(‬
‫)‪~0‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪1/‬‬
‫~‪1/06‬‬ ‫‪0,..0‬‬ ‫‪. 6...‬‬ ‫‪1.0~89.‬‬ ‫‪(~65‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫‪,.,‬‬
‫‪(0‬‬ ‫~‪~,.~ 250‬‬ ‫‪~001.000~5 0~88,,‬‬ ‫‪~~~~801‬‬ ‫‪51‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪,.,‬‬
‫‪(0‬‬ ‫~‪~,.‬‬ ‫~‪1000‬‬ ‫‪~0,..11000~5‬‬
‫‪0~8.,..‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~32‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪,.,‬‬
‫)‪(3‬‬ ‫‪145‬‬
‫‪~,.,..‬‬ ‫‪~~~8800~8.,..‬‬ ‫‪~~~~8,,1‬‬ ‫‪160‬‬
‫‪1/65‬‬ ‫‪(3818. $0~~~8‬‬ ‫‪~~8‬‬ ‫‪,.20‬‬ ‫‪1/‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪~,.~ 250‬‬ ‫‪~8)(.‬‬ ‫‪~~0.558~81~00‬‬ ‫‪125(500‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬

‫)‪14‬‬
‫=‬ ‫(‪~(..)088‬‬
‫‪08~81.00‬‬ ‫~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1.0(500~.‬‬ ‫)‪14‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~(~‬ ‫~‪~00~~.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~8111.‬‬
‫‪~~8,,,~0‬‬ ‫‪(500‬‬ ‫)‪~9.15 ...0 16‬‬ ‫~~‪~- 100‬‬ ‫‪,.,‬‬
‫‪160‬‬ ‫‪~145‬‬
‫~‪0~~81.,,0 .)~0~.00 8,,‬‬ ‫‪..,150‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪-55‬‬
‫‪$(0~898 ,..8,,,~9~81~~9 ~98‬‬
‫‪~9‬‬
‫‪//001‬‬ ‫‪08$8‬‬ ‫‪,.,,‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪~80 ,..8,,,~8~81~~8‬‬ ‫)‪300 (0.063 .0. 0.6/11,,,‬‬ ‫‪108/‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪~8,,,818‬‬ ‫‪,.-‬‬ ‫‪~.,,. ,.~.‬‬ ‫~‪~8)(. 00‬‬ ‫~‪,...‬‬
‫‪81/055‬‬ ‫‪0~8.0 - $0~~~9 8~98~00.....,,, ~~1898‬‬ ‫‪~~~240 50‬‬ ‫‪1/‬‬ ‫‪1/65 - 01/‬‬
‫‪1~~42‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪1/‬‬ ‫‪~0 = 250‬‬
‫‪~1/651~ (3818 111~8500~0 ~~1898‬‬ ‫~~‪...‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪4.0‬‬ ‫‪1/‬‬ ‫‪1/05 - 1/65- ~0 - 250‬‬
‫‪~(655‬‬ ‫‪(3~~$0~~~8 ~8~8‬‬ ‫‪~.....8~0‬‬ ‫~~‪...‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪0/0.‬‬ ‫‪1/65 - 201/‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪/655‬‬ ‫‪(381~$0~~~8 ~8~8‬‬ ‫‪~~58‬‬ ‫~~‪...‬‬ ‫‪-500‬‬ ‫‪0...‬‬ ‫‪1/65 --201/‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪(055‬‬ ‫‪2810 (3818‬‬ ‫‪~~18990~8.0‬‬ ‫‪~~~~801‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪~1/05-‬‬ ‫‪~8)(.‬‬ ‫‪~.1/(35 - 01/‬‬
‫~~‪...‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1000‬‬ ‫= ‪1/05‬‬ ‫~‪~. ~09 ~0.8.1/(35 = 01/. ,.~ = 1250‬‬
‫)‪(%‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~(0(00) 00-$1818 0~8.0‬‬ ‫‪~0~~801‬‬ ‫‪(~~240‬‬ ‫‪51‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬
‫)‪1/05 ,. ~()(00‬‬ ‫‪~~05(00),,,....1/(35 101/‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪(~~242‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬
‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫‪1~~240‬‬ ‫‪0.024 0.028‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~05(00) 5181.~ 0~8.0.500~~8 00-$1818‬‬ ‫~‪~585180‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1/(35 = 101/.(0 = 29.6.‬‬
‫‪(~~242‬‬ ‫‪0.030 0.035‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪5(0‬‬
‫‪9/5‬‬ ‫‪~~.....~0,..~80~000~80~8‬‬ ‫~~‪~...‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1/05 ,.‬‬ ‫)‪~()(00‬‬ ‫‪~~05(00),,,...‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪29.6.‬‬
‫‪~1$5‬‬ ‫‪~0~01 ~8~~.180~8‬‬ ‫~~‪...‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪2350 3000‬‬ ‫‪- 01/.1/05 - 251/,/ - 1.0‬‬
‫‪~~1/65‬‬
‫~~‪~~~0..001‬‬

‫‪.,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~,..‬‬
‫‪~~.000.‬‬

‫‪100..‬‬
‫‪1/‬‬
‫‪,..‬‬
‫‪~8~~.180~9‬‬
‫‪~58,..~80518~ ~8~~.180~8‬‬
‫‪0~0.00 08~~ 11018‬‬
‫‪~.58 118118‬‬
‫‪,..0~0.011 08~~ 11018‬‬
‫~~‪~8‬‬
‫‪11018‬‬
‫‪~,..0(8~(3818‬‬
‫‪((381~500~~8‬‬
‫‪~~8~98‬‬
‫)‪~05(3818-0~8/0‬‬
‫~~‪...‬‬
‫~~‪...‬‬
‫~~‪...‬‬
‫~~‪...‬‬
‫~~‪...‬‬
‫~~‪...‬‬
‫~~‪...‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪920‬‬
‫‪250‬‬
‫‪18‬‬
‫‪25‬‬
‫‪35‬‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫‪1200‬‬
‫‪400‬‬
‫‪25‬‬
‫‪60‬‬
‫‪70‬‬
‫‪25‬‬
‫‪60‬‬
‫‪0.‬‬
‫‪0.‬‬
‫‪0.‬‬
‫‪0.‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪~~500 ~9. 10‬‬

‫‪1/00 .. 251/. ~0 - 29,.,. 2,, - 4.70‬‬

‫‪500‬‬
‫‪(~05~~ -.09‬‬
‫‪~.17‬‬

‫)‪~8009_......‬‬

‫_‬
‫‪1/65 - 101/. ~0 - 64.6..1/05 = 0.8‬‬
‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪18,.,,‬‬
‫~(‪/1,,,......_..‬‬

‫‪00000.‬‬ ‫~(‬ ‫‪-90‬‬

‫‪,,,~00010.‬‬

‫‪~..‬‬
‫~~‪.. ._...‬‬
‫‪~09.‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪(3818-500~~8‬‬ ‫‪~~8~98‬‬ ‫~~‪...‬‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪.0~0001‬‬ ‫‪0/‬‬ ‫)‪~8009 1801~.......‬‬
‫‪(3819-0~8.0 (.,~~~~8~.,) ~~8~08‬‬ ‫~~‪...‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪_/100‬‬ ‫~~‪~05‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~018~08~0~8.,, ~000~8,,~8‬‬

‫~~‪...‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫‪3.5‬‬

‫‪4.5 -‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬

‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪10~0..‬‬
‫_~‬
‫‪~00 //0011/10‬‬
‫~‪~~00‬‬

‫‪//0011/10‬‬
‫_‬
‫‪~008 .........09‬‬
‫‪/0/801..‬‬
‫~‪1‬‬

‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪~01~08~ 500~~8‬‬ ‫‪~000~~8‬‬ ‫~~‪...‬‬ ‫‪7.5‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬

‫)‪-*.,.. .... 601,,, 00.25.,...‬‬
‫~_‪//001‬‬
‫‪008-‬‬
‫_~‬
‫‪.., ....-‬‬
‫‪//0011/10‬‬
‫‪~00.60101 10.25 ...) //001‬‬
‫‪.....,.,‬‬
‫‪0/‬‬
‫~‪-‬‬
‫~_‬ ‫‪.., .....,., 0000009‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪.)~0~~0-(0-~858‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬
‫~‪~8_10-$10‬‬ ‫‪-09‬‬ ‫‪-.‬‬ ‫‪...09/88000.‬‬
‫‪.)0,,~.00-(~811~801‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪58~.13-3‬‬ ‫‪447‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪~.00008‬‬ ‫‪~~~40‬‬ ‫‪51‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬ ‫~~‪~~/,105‬‬ ‫~‪~~~....,.,,,09~./1189.‬‬

‫~‪~,80‬‬
‫)‪()0000‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫~=‪~-‬‬
‫‪~~~/‬‬ ‫‪46‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬ ‫‪........‬‬ ‫‪~~~.,,,‬‬
‫‪...,,,~...‬‬
‫‪~5/,1‬‬ ‫~‪~~~8850‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~40‬‬ ‫‪160‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬
‫)‪(800)/ 010~) (3‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪~~~42 -‬‬ ‫‪145‬‬
‫‪1/50‬‬ ‫~‪010~ _01/‬‬ ‫‪~~~~40‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬ ‫‪1/‬‬ ‫‪.~ - 250~..5 - 51~ 1/(35- 01/‬‬
‫‪~~~42‬‬ ‫‪2.2‬‬ ‫‪1/‬‬ ‫~‪.‬‬ ‫‪250~. ~5‬‬ ‫‪~.1/(35 01/‬‬
‫‪...‬‬ ‫‪_~11,,,,,‬‬ ‫~‪,.‬‬ ‫‪360‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪.) - 1500~..~ _ 51,..0~~~ - 100,.,,..‬‬
‫~~‪0‬‬
‫‪..,,,‬‬
‫‪--~~-‬‬ ‫‪~(1,.~0-00‬‬ ‫~‪11‬‬
‫~~‪,.‬‬
‫~~‪,.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪2.1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫~‪,,..10,..* ~0..~ 18018.5 080~10.~ ,..0‬‬
‫)‪~~.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫_‬
‫~‪1500~. .‬‬
‫‪~~8.‬‬
‫~~~‪51,.. 0‬‬
‫‪80~~~~.,,‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪100,./,..‬‬
‫‪~~~~~5‬‬
‫‪+ ~0.‬‬
‫~~(~~~ )‪(3‬‬
‫~~ ‪~.09= ~0~88‬‬ ‫~ ~~‪~.,.,..‬‬
‫‪018)(. ~00~.00 (801~..8(0,8.‬‬
‫~‪5.. ,,.,,‬‬ ‫~~ ‪~..,,,.~ ~,,,~~08‬‬ ‫‪,,,,9.5).‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪.,.~5.,.‬‬
‫~‪80~$~0~5‬‬ ‫‪1...‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪,...,)(.‬‬
‫)‪~05 ~.~0(00)~. ~05(00‬‬
‫‪102‬‬
‫‪160‬‬
‫‪~,101/‬‬ ‫‪80 ~$~0~8~...~5.,.‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬
‫‪91/‬‬
‫‪~/‬‬ ‫‪..-‬‬ ‫‪~,.‬‬
‫‪~110‬‬

‫‪./‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪,.‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪~~8‬‬
‫‪~..‬‬ ‫‪~~81/‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪~80‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪/1----‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪~/‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫~‪.) ..12~.‬‬
‫‪~,,,‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫~‪~65.7‬‬ ‫~‪.‬‬ ‫‪--.....).‬‬
‫‪~,,,‬‬ ‫~‪/‬‬ ‫‪---....‬‬
‫~~‪26‬‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫~‪6‬‬
‫~‪.) . -66.‬‬
‫~‪6‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫~~~~‪~05. 0~~,~-.0-50‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫~‪4‬‬
‫~‪~0~.~6‬‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫)‪,~0~.5‬‬
‫‪60‬‬
‫‪1.0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪-=.9. 2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫)‪~65. 0~.~-.0-50~~~~ ~0~.~0~ (~0~.5‬‬
‫‪,.~.~8/‬‬
‫‪1.‬‬

‫‪,80518, ~,,8,~18,.$1.~5‬‬
‫‪16‬‬

‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫~‪61~~~~~~6‬‬ ‫~~~‪~~.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~115‬‬
‫‪~1,,,~.~08~ ~05,.01‬‬
‫‪200 1~)24~-‬‬
‫‪160‬‬ ‫~~‪~~~~~1‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪.....‬‬
‫‪~100 ~~~~~~~24‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬
‫‪1.00.,.,5‬‬
‫‪~,.‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬ ‫‪~~60‬‬
‫‪5 120‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫~‪~~42‬‬
‫‪~.-‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪1~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~~8‬‬
‫‪~~~20‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪~/‬‬

‫‪10‬‬
‫‪~,,,‬‬ ‫‪~,,,‬‬ ‫‪~.~. 26‬‬ ‫‪~0..,‬‬
‫‪~.). 160.~,,,~~.‬‬
‫‪~40‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪~~(0)~ 1.0 ~,.,.‬‬
‫‪100~.‬‬

‫~~‪~~5110‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~1‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬

‫~~‪~~~~~1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪1.0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪100 200‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬
‫)‪~05.0~~~~-.0-50~~~~ ~0~.~6~ (~0~.5‬‬ ‫)‪~05. 0~~1~-.0-50~~~~ ~0~.~0~ ,~0~.5‬‬

‫‪448‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~~~~~~~~1‬‬
‫~~~~‪~~~1~1‬‬

‫‪~~~~~~.‬‬
‫‪~1~1‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~,‬‬ ‫~‪~~~~~~~1‬‬
‫‪0..0..5‬‬ ‫‪,-‬‬ ‫‪~0.~~5‬‬
‫‪~-‬‬ ‫=‬

‫‪~-~.2‬‬
‫‪~-0..1‬‬
‫‪=0..0.5‬‬
‫‪-0..0.2‬‬
‫~‪~2‬‬
‫~~~‪1. 0.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~0.~.‬‬
‫‪0..‬‬
‫‪~~0..0.1-‬‬ ‫~~‪~~6‬‬ ‫~‪~~~5‬‬
‫~~~~‪(~~~~5‬‬
‫~~‪~~~~~.,‬‬
‫)~~~~‪~.,~~0.‬‬ ‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~~~8~5~.‬‬
‫‪~1~~.‬‬ ‫‪1.0. 0.~6.‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~3. ~)~ -‬‬ ‫‪~~. ~0..,‬‬ ‫‪~1~~(1).‬‬

‫‪10.-4‬‬ ‫‪10.-3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪10.-2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪10.-1‬‬ ‫‪1.0.‬‬ ‫‪10.‬‬
‫)‪11.50.~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~5~ 0.~~~~.0.~ (5~~0.~0.5‬‬
‫‪,,~9. 5‬‬
‫‪- ~8)(.811~811 -=11~1.~8 ,..,8051801 ,..~8,8118( .811~8~80~8. ,,~0~.00.1~858‬‬ ‫‪...,5. ..~~58 0~,81100‬‬

‫‪40‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~10.2‬‬
‫‪~~).‬‬
‫‪-550~ ....‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪~~).‬‬
‫‪30.‬‬ ‫~‪~).-550‬‬ ‫~‪250‬‬
‫‪~~..‬‬
‫~‪- 250‬‬
‫)~~‬ ‫‪....‬‬ ‫‪,,,‬‬ ‫‪~.......‬‬
‫~‪1).150.0‬‬

‫‪~..~20.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~).‬‬
‫~‪1250‬‬

‫‪~~..‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~~10.‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪~~.,‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪~~10.‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪801-1$~~(.5~ 1~8,.‬‬
‫‪~....‬‬ ‫())‪~08). ~0~0‬‬ ‫‪~08(00)(0,.)(.‬‬
‫‪~~0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪,,.9.6‬‬

‫‪1.35‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫(‪,...,..~.~8‬‬
‫‪40.‬‬
‫~~~~‪~0..0.‬‬
‫‪,..,80~00~~~180~8‬‬
‫‪80.‬‬
‫)‪~~~~~~~(....,~~~~5‬‬
‫‪...,5. 0,8~0‬‬
‫‪120.‬‬ ‫‪160.‬‬

‫‪~~,,801‬‬ ‫‪,,~9.‬‬
‫‪1.0.0.‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪1.15‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪0..4‬‬ ‫‪0..8‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬

‫‪,...,..~.~8~ 50~,~8-0,8.0‬‬
‫)‬

‫~‪~50. 50~~~~- ~0-0~...1‬‬

‫‪1.6‬‬

‫‪0~0~8‬‬
‫‪2.0.‬‬
‫~‪~0~1~6‬‬
‫‪,,0‬‬
‫‪2.4‬‬
‫)‪(~0~15‬‬
‫‪2.8‬‬

‫‪8,~ ...,0,1898‬‬
‫‪3.2‬‬

‫‪/‬‬
‫‪~~1.25‬‬
‫‪,.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪~1.50.‬‬ ‫‪~/‬‬
‫‪~~.,5‬‬
‫‪~~1.15‬‬
‫~‪..‬‬
‫‪0....‬‬
‫‪1.25‬‬
‫‪~~~..,‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪.......‬‬
‫‪~~.,....‬‬
‫~‪.,‬‬
‫‪~~~..,‬‬
‫‪1.0.5‬‬
‫‪~......‬‬ ‫~‪.,‬‬
‫‪00‬‬
‫‪~.,‬‬ ‫‪~/‬‬
‫‪00‬‬
‫‪~.,‬‬
‫‪~..‬‬ ‫‪......‬‬
‫~‪....‬‬ ‫_‪~~0‬‬
‫‪....~ 1.0.0.‬‬
‫‪.~~,,‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫_‬
‫‪,, /‬‬
‫‪6-‬‬ ‫‪......‬‬ ‫‪..,0‬‬
‫‪~0..95‬‬
‫‪....‬‬ ‫‪.,-‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫~‪~65.10.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~./‬‬
‫‪~0.‬‬ ‫‪. 29...‬‬
‫‪.,0‬‬ ‫‪0..15‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~0..85‬‬

‫‪0..15‬‬ ‫‪0..50.‬‬
‫‪-80.‬‬ ‫‪-40.‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪40.‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪120.‬‬ ‫‪160.‬‬ ‫‪-10.0.‬‬ ‫‪-56‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬ ‫‪10.0.‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬
‫~‪1). )~~~~~0.‬‬ ‫~~~‪1~.,~~~...1‬‬ ‫)~‪(0‬‬ ‫~~~‪1). )~~~~~0~ 1~.,~~~...1‬‬ ‫)~‪(0‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪13-3‬‬ ‫‪449‬‬

 ‫‪4000‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫~‪~65 = 0‬‬
‫‪. = 1 ,.~.‬‬
‫‪~... . ~~.+ ~~~.~~. 5~0~~~0‬‬
‫~~~ ‪~....‬‬
‫‪~.,,‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‪0$5 ~~5+~-~9‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‪~~$ + ~.‬‬

‫‪-‬‬

‫~‪~0 =64‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪~0 ~ ~~5~ ~~ ~~~.‬‬
‫~~~‪5~~ ~~6‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫~~~~‪~05. 0~~~~-~0-50‬‬ ‫~‪~0~~~6‬‬ ‫)‪(~0~~5‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫~~~‪~0‬‬ ‫~~~‪6‬‬ ‫~‪~~~~6‬‬ ‫)~‪(0‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪,,~9.‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~.,.~.~8‬‬ ‫~~‪~8~~.~8,,‬‬ ‫‪..,5.‬‬ ‫~~~~‪0~8~,,.~0-50‬‬ ‫~‪..,0~~89‬‬ ‫‪,,.9. 11‬‬ ‫~~~‪~.,.~~~8~ 08~~ ~~8~98 ..,5. 08~~.~0.50‬‬ ‫~‪..,0~~89‬‬

‫‪45‬‬
‫‪~05(00) ,.~~5~~~0 ~(~~ ~~~~,~~ ~~~5, 0~ 5..‬‬
‫‪0~~~~~0~.‬‬ ‫~~~~~~(‬ ‫)~‬ ‫‪250~.‬‬ ‫‪(~~,‬‬ ‫~~‪,.~~~,.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~~6 ~~~,~~~~5‬‬ ‫‪~0,.~,~5~~,0‬‬ ‫)‪~0~.‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪.........‬‬
‫‪.5‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪...,‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪~.......‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪................‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪.............‬‬
‫‪~~~240‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪...,‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪(~~24‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪=-‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪~~0‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪,,,‬‬
‫‪~ 20‬‬ ‫‪~~0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪~ 15‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪10‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪115‬‬
‫)‪~0.0~~~~ ~~~~,~~ (~,.~~~,5‬‬
‫‪.50‬‬ ‫‪175‬‬
‫‪~~0‬‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫)~‪~~. ~~5, ~,,.~,~~~~~, (0‬‬
‫‪115‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬

‫~~‪,,.9. 12 - ~.,.~.~8~ 0,,.~~5.5~8,,‬‬ ‫~‪..,5. 0~8~,, ~~~~~,,‬‬ ‫‪,,~9. 13‬‬ ‫‪~8)(.,,,~,,,‬‬ ‫~‪0~8.,, ~~~~~,,~ ..,5. ~8‬‬ ‫~~~‪~~,,,~~~8‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫‪150‬‬

‫‪.25‬‬

‫‪~~100‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~75‬‬
‫‪~,,,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪..‬‬
‫‪~50‬‬

‫‪~~15‬‬

‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪115‬‬

‫)~‪~~. ~~5, ~~,.~,~~~~~, (0‬‬
‫‪,,~9. 14‬‬ ‫~~~‪,,0,,,,~~ ..,5. ~~,,,~~~8‬‬ ‫‪0~~8~.,,9‬‬ ‫~‪~~.,,‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫‪450‬‬
 ‫‪(.8(198... ~...8...8~9...8518~5.‬‬
‫~(‪ (1‬ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪111~8‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ‬
‫‪111~ 0111~111 ~11(1((1~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫(~~‪(1110‬‬ ‫‪~(1111~8‬‬

‫‪0~ ~ 05 (1110 (1(~ 1111~0(1(1111 ~0( 8~11~11111~ (1~~11~(1110118.‬‬ ‫(‪5111~~ ~ 05 18 10~ 111 111~ 1111~(1‬‬
‫‪(~~1011,‬‬ ‫~~‪111‬‬ ‫~(‪(1‬‬ ‫‪0~1~11‬‬ ‫‪10~1111~1~0‬‬ ‫‪(18‬‬ ‫‪8(1111((111011‬‬ ‫‪~11(1((1~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪(18 8110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪13-29.3,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫~‪8(1111((11101181~111~1~8111~ 10‬‬ ‫~~‪011-81(11~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪(1110111~11011-81(11‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111‬‬
‫‪(~~1011‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0~~((111011‬‬ ‫‪8111111(1( 10 13118.‬‬

‫‪0(1-51819‬‬ ‫‪...958518(1~9,‬‬ ‫‪805.‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬ ‫‪(~~(~8~1118‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫~‪01881~(111011 ~11~11 111‬‬

‫~~‪0~~1‬‬ ‫‪18 ~011011~1111~.‬‬ ‫‪~05111~(~(18~8‬‬ ‫‪(111110811111~(1(1~ ~1111111~ )1111~110111~111~~((1111(~,‬‬

‫‪(18 8110~11 111‬‬
‫‪1),‬‬ ‫‪(18 8110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-29.9.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪111~(~(18‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~05 ~111110‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~ 05‬‬
‫‪~1~. 13-29.1218‬‬ ‫(~~‪110111111~(1(. 111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪01881~(11101118 ~0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~051~ = ~0510.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪(1110~(101‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪01881~(111011 0~~(~(18~8‬‬ ‫~‪~1111111‬‬ ‫~(‪~(18~ 1~111~~((1111‬‬ ‫‪(18 8110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪13-29.14.‬‬

‫‪58,9‬‬ ‫‪0~9...818(19 8...98, 50~.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 50‬‬ ‫~‪(18 8110~11111~1~. 13-29.4 ~1~~8 111‬‬
‫‪1111111011 111~ 111(1)(111111111‬‬ ‫‪~(1111~ 0~ ~ 05 011(111~ 111(11-‬‬
‫‪~(1111~ 0~ 10 (1~(111181111~ 111(1)(111111111‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪011 (1110 111(11-0~~ 0~ 111~ 0~~1~~.‬‬ ‫~‪111~8‬‬ ‫~(‪(1‬‬ ‫‪111~(111(111111111(1110118.‬‬ ‫‪111~(~ 18 110 8~~0110‬‬

‫‪0(~(1~00~11‬‬ ‫‪~0( ~05~~18.‬‬ ‫(~~‪18 (1 1111111011 10 (11111~ 10‬‬

‫~(~‪13111111‬‬ ‫‪~(1111~8 0~ ~ 05‬‬

‫‪011~ 10 111~(~(18~ 111 111~ 011-81(11~ (~8181(111~~, ~05.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫(~‪8110(1‬‬ ‫‪011-11111~,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 50‬‬

‫‪0011110(1(1~8 ~)(1~110 11110 111~11~( ~ 05‬‬ ‫‪(1110‬‬ ‫‪10.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪50‬‬ ‫~~(‪~11‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫~‪110(111(111‬‬ ‫‪8~~~1~1~0‬‬
‫‪(111) = 1500~,‬‬ ‫‪0111111~ (1110~(101~ 0(~(1~00~11‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~ 1111111111~(~(18~8 ~1111111~ )1111~11011‬‬
‫‪1~111~~((1111(~ (18 8110~11 111 ~1~. 13-29.8.‬‬

‫‪~(1~~1‬‬ ‫)(‪8(1‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~1‬‬ ‫‪~8~8~818(1~95.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 111(11111~(1~111(~(8 8~~~1‬‬ ‫)‪111~ (1‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~-‬‬
‫~~‪11‬‬ ‫‪111~111‬‬ ‫~~‪~(1~(1~11(111‬‬ ‫‪(18‬‬ ‫‪~/$5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~8,,~~~85,‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫~~‪~~~~~11‬‬ ‫‪0111~111‬‬ ‫~~‪~(1~(1~11(111‬‬ ‫‪(18 ~055‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪~,,5~~~8,,,‬‬ ‫)‪(1110 (3‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪1((1118~~( ~(1~(1~11(111~~ ~,55 = ~8,,.‬‬ ‫~(‪111~8~ ~(1~(1~11(111~~8(1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪0~~~110~111‬‬

‫‪~11(1(~~0‬‬
‫‪6819‬‬
‫‪011 ~ 05,‬‬

‫‪~...8...99,‬‬
‫‪(1110 018~11(1(~~0.‬‬
‫~~(‪111~ ~(11~-10-8011‬‬
‫~~‪10 111~ ~(11~ ~011(1‬‬
‫‪(18 8110~11‬‬

‫‪09.‬‬ ‫~‪011(111‬‬
‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬

‫‪111~ ~11(1(~~ 810(~0‬‬

‫‪13-29.10.‬‬

‫‪111(11-011 (1110 111(11-0~~,‬‬

‫‪011 111~ 111~111 ~(1~(1~11(111~~ 0~~~1108‬‬
‫‪~011(1~~, ~ 05, (18 8110~11111 ~1~. 13-29 .11.‬‬
‫‪0~~0111~8‬‬
‫‪011‬‬
‫~‪111~ 8~11~11111~ 1088 011‬‬
‫‪111~ 111~111 ~(1~(1~11(111~~ 18‬‬

‫)‪(13-50‬‬

‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫~~‪15 18 111~ 8~11~11111~ ~(~~11~11‬‬ ‫‪111 11~(1~.‬‬

‫~)~‪~)(301‬‬ ‫‪13-7‬‬

‫~‬ ‫~~~‪1~-~05~~11‬‬ ‫‪1~~2,40‬‬ ‫‪15 0~~(31~0‬‬ ‫‪35 3 5~11~11. 111~ )011~11011 1~111~~~310~~ 15‬‬
‫)‪1‬‬ ‫~‪= 1500‬‬ ‫~‪31 3 ~35‬‬ ‫~~‪1~111~~~310‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫~ ‪1‬‬ ‫‪= 750~.‬‬ ‫~~~‪111~ ~31~-10-500‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~ 15‬‬
‫‪~ ($5 = 10~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~ 50~~1~ ~0113~~ 15 ~ 1)1) = 25~.‬‬ ‫‪1)~1~~111111~ 111~ (3) (113)(11110111‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~01111110005‬‬ ‫‪0~3111 ~0~~~111,‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫)‪1‬‬
‫)‪~ (0‬‬ ‫~~~‪(113)(11110111 ~0‬‬ ‫‪01551~311011,‬‬ ‫)~( ~ )‪111‬‬ ‫~‪011-5131‬‬ ‫‪~~5151-‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪311~~, ~1)5~ (0) ~31~ ~0113~~ 0~~~0~1~~ 13~10~, 01)~~ (~) 011-5131~0~ 5310~311011~0113~~,‬‬
‫~~~‪~ 1)5~ (1) ~31~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪1055 11111~ ~05~~115‬‬ ‫‪0~~~31~0‬‬ ‫‪31 3 1~~~0~11~~ 01/,‬‬ ‫~‪= 10 )(1-12‬‬
‫‪3110 (~) ~~3)( 0~3111~0~~~111,/1)/,1(31 ~1)5 = 20~,‬‬ ‫‪15 (00 = 1(115).‬‬
‫~‪11111~~015~0 011-11111‬‬

‫‪80)111100 1~ = 750,1) = 1500, 3110 ~($5 = 10~.‬‬

‫‪(3) ~~0111 ~1~. 13-29.13, /1) = 40 ~.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~~0111~1~. 13-29.14,111) = 75~.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~~0111 ~1~. 13-29 .12, ~1)5 = 24.5 1110 31 1) = 250~.‬‬ ‫‪~1~0~~ 13-29. 9 ~1~~5‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪111~1~111~~~310~~13~10~ 011.73110 (11) = 1500~, ~1)5 = 24.5‬‬ ‫‪1.7 = 41.651110.‬‬

‫‪58~. 13-3‬‬ ‫‪451‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪(0) ~(0111 ~1~. 13-29.2, ~~5 = 6.4~.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~(~10(~, 1/1~ ~31~ .,,0113~~ 0.,,~(0(1.,,‬‬
‫‪13~10( 15 01)~ = 10/6.4 = 1.56.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~(0111 ~1~. 13-29.3, ~0.~ = 1.1 ~.‬‬
‫‪(1) ~0( ~~5 = 10 ~ 300 ~05 = 25~, ~1~. 13-29.11 ~1.,,~5 (28 = 40 0~.‬‬ ‫‪~(0111‬‬
‫‪8(). (13-50), ~~ = 40 )( 109 )( 10 )( 10 )( 103‬‬
‫‪= 4 111~.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~1~0(~ 13-29.4 ~1.,,~5 10/04 = 70~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪111~ 1001-00‬‬ ‫‪1101~ 01 31105~81‬‬ ‫‪0~11~005‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~113(8108‬‬ ‫~‪1101~ 01111‬‬ ‫(‪101101 0‬‬
‫~‪831‬‬
‫‪~3113~1130~~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(0-00‬‬ ‫‪1101~ ~30 0~ (~00~~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 ~000~~1108‬‬ ‫~~ ‪3‬‬ ‫‪~1(~011 35 5110~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~18.‬‬ ‫‪13-3010‬‬ ‫~‪~113(8‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 831~ ~3113~1130‬‬ ‫‪1351~(.‬‬ ‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 831~ .,,01138‬‬ ‫‪1510(0~0‬‬
‫‪00,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1011131 ~113(8108‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫~~‪~3113~1130‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪(13-51‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬

‫~‪300 111~ 51~(0)1-5131‬‬ ‫‪.,,310~ 01 831~ .,,01138~ 15‬‬

‫‪~0~0‬‬
‫‪~05‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(13-52‬‬
‫‪~5 + ~1 + ~0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~11~(~ ~5 15 111~ 101~(031 (~515130~~ 01 831~ 0(1.,,~ 500(~~.‬‬

‫‪(3318‬‬ ‫~‪5~903‬‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫‪85‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫‪~ (3‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪~ -‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪13-4 ~05~615‬‬

‫‪~ 1105101‬‬ ‫‪~001010~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ 30.,,30138~5‬‬ ‫‪0113115‬‬ ‫‪300 1105~815.‬‬ ‫‪~ 11051011135‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪111811101101 10111~030~~, 11/(~ 1105~815,‬‬ ‫‪300 10~ 00-5131~ ~0000~1100‬‬ ‫~(‪1055~5, 11/‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪13115.‬‬ ‫‪1301 111~(~ 15 00 5~~000 0(~3/(00~0‬‬ ‫‪11(001~01, 11/(~ 13115.‬‬ ‫‪13)1 ~111110~5180‬‬
‫~~(‪300 51(0~10(~, 111~ ~().01.,,31~01 0(310-10-500‬‬ ‫‪(~515130~~, ~05, 15 ~001(011~0 10 0~-‬‬
‫‪113.,,~ 11/(~ 11131 01 3 1311.‬‬
‫‪111~ 5)101001 300 ~1(~011 01 3 1105101‬‬ ‫‪5~11~11 3(~ 5110~0 10 ~18. 13-31.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~~(‪111(~~ 1~(0110315 3(~ 831~, ~011~~10(, 300 ~01111~( 1051~30 01 831~, 0(310, 300 500‬‬
‫‪10( 3 1105~81.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0313 511~~1 013 08-110510115‬‬ ‫‪$110~0 10 ~18. 13-32.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪113(301~1~(5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111~1( 5)1010015 3(~ 5101113( 10 11131 01 1105~815,‬‬ ‫~‪~)(~~111 11131 111‬‬
‫~~(‪5005~(1111$ 10( $00‬‬ ‫‪300 0(310 3(~ ~11308~0 10 ~01111~( 300 ~011~~10(,‬‬ ‫‪(~511~~11.,,~1)1.‬‬

‫‪452‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪88(8‬‬ ‫~‪5~908‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪~~80‬‬
‫~‬ ‫(‬
‫~‬ ‫‪8.‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‪..)~11..‬‬ ‫‪13-31‬‬ ‫‪8,,111001 3.110 ~1~~111( 0( 3.‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪~08101.‬‬
‫‪~--‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0(,81~(,81‬‬ ‫‪~...8..8~18...51.~5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 01.11.,1.11 ~1111(11~1~(1811~8, ~111~1111(~ 111~ .,1018 01‬‬
‫‪10( ~11(101.18 ~1111.1~8 01‬‬
‫(‪~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111, 1~,‬‬ ‫(~‪~~(81.18 ~011~~10(-~111111‬‬ ‫‪~01111~~, 11~10,‬‬
‫(~‪~111~-~111111‬‬ ‫‪~01111~~,‬‬ ‫‪11010, 11(~ 8110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-32.1.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~111~ 111(~811010‬‬ ‫~~‪~01111‬‬
‫‪18 110101‬‬ ‫‪= 4 ,.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~0~~8~10..-‬‬ ‫‪801.118..‬‬ ‫‪581(,8..81.0...‬‬ ‫‪~0~1898,‬‬ ‫‪~ ~€(581).‬‬ ‫‪11~10(.3() 0~~(~118~8‬‬ ‫‪~1111111-‬‬
‫‪~(~118111~ ~311.1~ 01 11010.‬‬ ‫‪11 18 1111~(~81111~ 10 1101~ 1(0111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-32.2‬‬
‫‪111111 111~ 1~111-‬‬
‫~~‪0( 11~~1111‬‬
‫~(‪.,~(311.1‬‬ ‫(‪~0~111~1~11110‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~3(13110118‬‬ ‫~~‪0111 ~10(53() ~01.110 0~ ~1111~( .,08111‬‬
‫~‪0~.,~110111‬‬ ‫(‪011 111~ ~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111.‬‬ ‫‪/4.. ~05101‬‬ ‫~‪0~1111~~8 11~~ 3 1311 3110‬‬ ‫~‪~311.1‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪3 11)(~0 ~1111.1~ 01‬‬
‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪1(.‬‬ ‫‪11110 811111111( 10‬‬ ‫‪11 ~05~~1‬‬ ‫‪111 111~11 ~311.1~ 01‬‬ ‫‪1~.‬‬
‫‪10 11~10(53() 01 3 ~0510118‬‬ ‫‪1~88 111311 110501‬‬ ‫~‪3 ~0111.,3(301‬‬ ‫‪~05~~1‬‬ ‫(‪3110 ~()1.131 0‬‬
‫~‪~(~111~( 111111111~10(.3() 01 3 ~0111.,3(301‬‬ ‫‪1311.‬‬

‫‪1..8...518..‬‬ ‫‪~...8..8~18...51.~5.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪1(111181~( ~113(3~1~(1811~8,‬‬ ‫~(‪~111~11 3‬‬ ‫‪.,1018‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬

‫ﺔ‬‫‪1~ ~~(81.18 11010, 3(~ 8110~11111 ~1~. 13-32.3.‬‬
‫(‪~3()1 ~1111 111~ ~011~~10‬‬
‫~~‪0~.,~110~11‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~1.1‬‬
‫‪01 80111~ .,3(3111~1~(8.‬‬

‫~‪~0..~8..~-~.858‬‬ ‫‪5818‬‬ ‫‪0()8..81‬‬ ‫‪9 8..88,‬‬

‫~~‪111~)11111‬‬
‫‪13-32.4‬‬

‫‪~850~.‬‬
‫‪8110~8‬‬
‫‪1~111.,~(1111.1(~ ~0~111~1~1118‬‬
‫‪111~ 1)1.,1~31‬‬ ‫~(‪1~111.,~(311.1‬‬

‫‪/4.. 1)1.,1~31 ~1350/4..18‬‬

‫‪11131‬‬

‫‪8110~11‬‬

‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-32.7.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~05101‬‬ ‫‪~311 ~01101.1~1 ~01111111.101.18 ~1.1((~111 1.1., 10 111~ ~011-‬‬
‫~‪1(011301‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~1111111111, ~111~1118‬‬ ‫‪0~(111~0‬‬ ‫‪01.1~ 10 111~ 1~111.,~(1111.1(~ 11111113110118.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~-‬‬
‫‪~~~(,‬‬ ‫~(~‪111‬‬ ‫‪18 110 8~~0110‬‬ ‫‪0(~3~00~11‬‬ ‫‪1111111.‬‬ ‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫~‪~0111(011301‬‬ ‫~‪.,~3‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 1111111‬‬
‫‪18 ~)(~~~0~0‬‬ ‫(‪~~~1110‬‬ ‫‪3 8110(111111~,‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 0~~1‬‬ ‫‪131~11~8 011 3110 11 ~3111101 0~ ~0111(011~0‬‬
‫~‪0)1111‬‬ ‫‪~31~.‬‬ ‫~~‪111 11118 8111.1311011, 111~ 0~~1‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ 11.1(11~0 0110)1‬‬ ‫~‪0~~(~38111‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030‬‬
‫~‪~1.1((~111 0~10‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 11010111~ ~1.1((~111 0( 0)1 (~~~(8111‬‬ ‫‪111~ .,013(11)1‬‬ ‫(~‪01 ~011~~10(-~111111‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪~1111 311 ~)(1~(1131‬‬ ‫‪~01111111.111111011~1(~1.111. ~1~1.1(~8 13-32.5‬‬ ‫‪3110 13-32.6‬‬ ‫~‪8110‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪11131111‬‬ ‫~‪.,~3‬‬ ‫(‪~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111, 1~/0.1, ~111~11111~(~38~8‬‬ ‫~‪~1111111‬‬ ‫(~‪~31~-~111111‬‬ ‫‪(~8181-‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪311~~,‬‬ ‫‪~010,‬‬ ‫(‪18 1~88 10‬‬ ‫‪11101.1~11~~ 10110.‬‬ ‫‪1~/0.1 0~~(~38~8‬‬ ‫~‪~1111111‬‬ ‫‪1113)(11111.1111)1.111~11011‬‬
‫‪1~111.,~(311.1(~,‬‬ ‫‪11.‬‬

‫~‪5~.1‬‬ ‫‪9 1.0185.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~05101‬‬ ‫~~‪00~8 1101 (~()1.11(~ 11~~311~~ ~31~ ~0113‬‬
‫‪10( (~01.1~111~ 11.1(11-01111111~. 1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫~(‪111~ 11.1(11-0110~13)1 11111~3110 1311 11111~3‬‬
‫‪11.111~11011‬‬
‫‪01 ~010 3110 111~(~38~ ~1111 ~010.‬‬

‫‪453‬‬
‫‪58~. 13-4‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪~~.‬‬
‫)(~‪~~5~(.,~,.‬‬ ‫~‪~~,.‬‬
‫‪801‬‬
‫~‪,.~~~5~5,.0‬‬
‫‪18 ~,..~~~~5‬‬
‫‪400, 500 ~0~ ,..5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪,~€ 094~04.‬‬ ‫‪~4 ~0 ,~~-~05‬‬ ‫)~‪~(3, 0,,5~~81€0 (381€ ,~8,,5~510‬‬
‫‪~58 ,,€..., 1~~€ 01 ~05 981€ 1~~,, 0,,/011 ~0...,€~ 5...,~1~~~,,9 0€~~~€~,,‬‬
‫‪...,~,~~ 1~€ 0€51 80~8,,189€5‬‬ ‫‪01 ~0...,€~ ~051€(5‬‬ ‫~‪8,,0 01~0~8‬‬
‫‪1~8,,5~510~5 8~€ ~0~0~,,€0.‬‬ ‫~‪,~€ ~€5~~( ~5 8 0€~~~€ 1~81 ~85 ~~9‬‬
‫‪~,,~~1 ~~~€08,,~€‬‬ ‫‪01 ~051€15‬‬ ‫‪8,,0 ~0..., 0,,-5181€‬‬ ‫‪~0,,0~~1~0,,‬‬
‫‪~055€5 5~~~~8~ 10 0~~0~8~ 1~8,,5~510~5. ,~€ 0€~,~€ 0€5~9,, 8,,0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪981€ ~~8~8~1€~~51~~5‬‬ ‫~‪01 1~€ ~(3, 8~€ 8~50 5~~~~8~ 10 ~0...,€‬‬
‫‪~051€15.‬‬ ‫‪~,, ~~~0~18,,1‬‬ ‫)~‪0~11€~€,,~€ ,5 1~€ €~~~~8~€,,1 ~05(0‬‬
‫‪0~8~,, ~€5~518,,~€ ...,~~~~ ~5 ~00~~81€0‬‬ ‫‪10 8 ~0..., ~8~~€ (10 1~~€5‬‬
‫~~~~ ‪~0...,€~) ...,~€,, 1~€ 981€ ~5 1~~,,€0 0,,. ,~€‬‬ ‫‪~0...,€~ ~(3, 0,,-‬‬
‫~~‪5181€ ~0~189€ 0~0~ 8~50 ~8~~€5 0,,1~ ~00€~81€‬‬ ‫~‪0€1...,€€,, 250‬‬
‫‪8,,0 1500~ 011€~,,,9 €~1€,,0€0‬‬ ‫‪~0...,€~ ~8,,0,,,,9‬‬ ‫‪~8~80,~~1~.‬‬
‫‪,~€ ~0 ,~~-~05‬‬ ‫‪1(3, ~5 ~0€8~ 10~ ~8,,~ ~~9~ ~0~189€ 5...,,1~~~,,9‬‬
‫‪8~~~,~81~0,,5‬‬ ‫‪0~€~81~,,9‬‬ ‫‪81 ~0..., 1~€~~€,,~~€5‬‬ ‫‪8,,0 ...,~€~€ ~0...,‬‬
‫‪~0,,0~~1~0,,‬‬ ‫~‪~055€5 8~€ €55€,,118~. 5~~~ 85~ ~~ 8,,0 0~ ~010‬‬
‫‪~0,,1~0~5. ~0.,..,€~ 5~~~~~€5 8,,0 0~~~€~510~ 50~€,,0~05. ~€~8~5 8,,0‬‬
‫‪~0,,18~10~5.‬‬
‫‪~€8((/~€5‬‬
‫‪/...0.,..,‬‬
‫~‪...8~(5~,) 2.5...1~~ ~ 10‬‬
‫·‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪()~1~8-18511~~,,-0,,‬‬
‫~‪- 200 ,,5 1~~~~8‬‬
‫·‬
‫·‬

‫·‬
‫ﺔ‬‫‪,8~~0~€0‬‬ ‫‪1~~,,-0111~~€5‬‬
‫‪~0~~5,~,~0,,~05 981€‬‬
‫‪~~9~ ~~~~€,,1 ~8,,0~~,,9‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪00...,,,10‬‬ ‫_‪1.7 /-/5 1‬‬

‫‪- ...0~189€~0,,1~01~€01~~,,0,,/011‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪10 8~~5‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪1000‬‬

‫~‪~~,.~...‬‬ ‫~‪5.,~80‬‬ ‫‪094,,04‬‬ ‫‪094,,~4‬‬ ‫‪~...~,.‬‬

‫‪...0~1898. ~(3/0=5~0‬‬
‫~‪80~18~/0~-~,.,,~1/8‬‬ ‫~‪...8/0‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪...01/5‬‬
‫‪80~~8~/0~-(3818...0~/898. ~(3~= 5~0‬‬ ‫~‪...8(3‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪...0~/5‬‬
‫‪80,,/~,,~0~5 80~~8~/0~8~~~8,,1 ~,8 = 2508‬‬ ‫‪~8‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪,,‬‬
‫‪~,8=10008‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪,,‬‬
‫‪~~~580‬‬‫)‪80~~8~10~ 8~~~8,,/(,‬‬ ‫~‪~8‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪,,‬‬
‫‪(3818-~,.,,~//8~ ...0~1898‬‬ ‫‪...(3/0‬‬ ‫‪...01/5‬‬
‫‪=1=25‬‬ ‫‪=1=25‬‬
‫~‪,0/8~ ~0.,..,8‬‬‫‪0~55/~8//0,,‬‬ ‫‪~,.8 2508‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬
‫‪08~818 ,,00.8 2508‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~8//5‬‬
‫‪0.6‬‬ ‫‪0.6‬‬ ‫‪~/08‬‬
‫‪0~8~81~,,9 8,,0 5/0~898‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~~,,~/10,,‬‬
‫‪,8,.,,~8~8/~~8 ~8,,98‬‬ ‫‪,~. ,$,(3‬‬ ‫‪-55/0150‬‬ ‫‪08‬‬
‫‪-5510150‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪,~8~,.,,8‬‬ ‫‪~85~5/8,,~8.‬‬ ‫‪~~,,~/,0,,/0 8858‬‬

‫‪~9~8‬‬ ‫‪1.67‬‬ ‫‪1.67‬‬ ‫~‪08/‬‬
‫~‪,~8~,.,,8‬‬ ‫‪~85~5/8,,~8.‬‬ ‫‪~~,,~/~0,,10 ,,,.,,0~8,,/‬‬
‫~~‪~9‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫~‪08‬‬
‫‪~8~/,.,,~,.,,/...880 ,8,.,,~8~8/~~8‬‬ ‫‪10~ 50~08~/,,9‬‬
‫‪.,,.. 1~0,.,,‬‬
‫~‪~~~~0585‬‬ ‫‪8858‬‬ ‫‪10~ 5 58~0,,05‬‬ ‫~‪,‬‬ ‫‪260‬‬ ‫‪260‬‬ ‫‪08‬‬

‫‪111211.-813-32 0818 5/1~~10( 0~ ~05101,‬‬ ‫‪1~~~ 094~04,‬‬ ‫‪~4. (~0/./,(~5)10/(1~~~,(1/‬‬

‫)‪~/~~(,/~ ~0~/1(1~)1‬‬

‫‪454‬‬
 ‫~‪8~8~1,.1~8‬‬ ‫‪~,,8,.8~18,.151~~5‬‬ ‫‪(,-0‬‬ ‫ُﺷﺩ=‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ)‪8‬ﺭ‪250‬‬
‫‪(~11(855‬‬ ‫‪01~8~~58‬‬ ‫)‪5~8~~1~80‬‬

‫~‬ ‫~~‪~...~,.~~~5,.‬‬

‫‪094~04‬‬ ‫‪8.-8~11‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪.-0(.5‬‬

‫‪~0((9~.0,-~01~..9,8,98~00,,,0 .-0(.899‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪094~~4‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫)‪(~(3~ = 5~0. (8 = 250 /1-...‬‬
‫‪~0((9~.0, ~().-0// ~(),,90.‬‬ ‫‪(8~11‬‬
‫)~‪= 5~0,,8 = 250‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪/1-...‬‬
‫~‪(.-8~ = ~8)(.~8.~09.~(3‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪4.0‬‬ ‫‪01...‬‬
‫)~‪(.-~~ = ~8)(. ~8.~0~)(0.8, ~,,,,,=5~0,,~ = 1500‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪((3~5‬‬ ‫‪=1=500‬‬ ‫‪0...‬‬
‫‪(38.9-~01~..9, 1-98~899‬‬ ‫‪~(),,90.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫)‪(.-(3~ = =1=20.-‬‬

‫~‪,8 = 250‬‬ ‫)~‪.-(3~(,.‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3.5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪.-0(.5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(38.9 ,~,95~0(0 .-0(.899‬‬ ‫~‪,8 = 1500‬‬ ‫‪2.4‬‬
‫)‪(.-8~ =.-(3~, ~8= 1 01...‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫=‪(8=10...,,8‬‬ ‫~‪250‬‬ ‫)‪.-8~(5...,.‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬ ‫‪2.7‬‬ ‫‪.-0(.5‬‬
‫‪~0((8~.0,-~01,..9, 58.(),8.,00 .-01.899‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪2.8‬‬
‫)‪(.-(3~ = 15.-‬‬ ‫‪(8 = 10....,8‬‬ ‫~‪= 1500‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪9.5‬‬ ‫‪1.3‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪01~05‬‬
‫‪~0,,,,8,0,,805~000()~.80~8‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫~‪(.-8‬‬ ‫‪= 10.-.‬‬ ‫)‪~8 = 10...‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪630‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪,,.‬‬
‫‪(0,,(). ~8,,8~,.80~8‬‬ ‫‪.-(3~ =0.-‬‬ ‫‪~~85‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫~‪,,‬‬
‫‪0().,,(). ~8,,8~,.80~9‬‬ ‫‪~085‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪.-8~ = 25.-‬‬
‫‪~8~8,58,,80919,‬‬ ‫‪(),.~5‬‬ ‫‪65‬‬ ‫~‪,,‬‬
‫‪~8,,8~,.80~8‬‬ ‫‪/ =1‬‬ ‫‪~~2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫)‪~.0(00‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪09‬‬

‫‪,(),0-00 0918~ ,,018‬‬ ‫‪~89,9.,~9 1-080, ,8‬‬ ‫‪= 1500‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪.,‬‬ ‫‪09‬‬
‫‪~,99,,019‬‬ ‫‪(8‬‬
‫~‪= 10.... .-8‬‬ ‫‪=400.-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫)‪(~(3~ = 1 ~0‬‬ ‫)‪.0(01/‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪/1-5‬‬
‫‪,(),0-011‬‬ ‫‪09(8~ ,,018‬‬ ‫~‪.-(3‬‬ ‫‪= 15.-‬‬ ‫)‪(~(3~ = 5~0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪11.0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫)‪(~0~ = 1~0‬‬ ‫‪./‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪/1-5‬‬
‫~(‪~8‬‬
‫‪,,018‬‬ ‫‪~0(00)= 500‬‬ ‫~‪(~0‬‬ ‫)‪=5~0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪6.0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪,(),0-0/1 09(8~ ,,018‬‬

‫‪~8((,,019‬‬

‫‪,(),0-011 09(8~ ,,018‬‬

‫~‪100()~.,~91-080,,8 =1500‬‬
‫‪(8=10..., .-8~(81-...,,.,~)=400.-‬‬
‫‪.-0~ = 15.-‬‬
‫‪~0(00)= 500‬‬
‫‪~00()~.,~91-080,‬‬
‫‪(8=5.... .-8~(8~...,,.,~)=400.-‬‬
‫‪.-0~ = 15.-‬‬
‫‪~0~= 5~0‬‬
‫‪,8‬‬ ‫~‪- 1500‬‬
‫)‪(~0~ = 5~0‬‬

‫)‪(~0~ = 5~0‬‬
‫)‪.0(0//‬‬

‫‪./‬‬
‫)‪.0(011‬‬

‫‪./‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪16.0‬‬

‫‪4.4‬‬
‫‪3.6‬‬

‫‪1.7‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪/1-9‬‬

‫‪/1-9‬‬
‫‪/1-5‬‬

‫‪/1-9‬‬
‫‪~8~1‬‬
‫‪,,019‬‬ ‫‪~0(00)= 500‬‬ ‫‪~0~= 1~0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬

‫‪35‬‬

‫‪~20‬‬
‫‪~~30‬‬
‫‪~~.‬‬
‫‪~~_0‬‬
‫‪25‬‬
‫‪~~15‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~-‬‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~~15‬‬
‫‪~10‬‬

‫‪~~10‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪...,6~...,5...,‬‬

‫~)(~~()‪~,6.‬‬ ‫‪~0 5~ ~~0,.~,,,300‬‬ ‫~~‪,.,‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪...,6~,.6....‬‬ ‫~)‪~,.,)(~~(,‬‬ ‫‪00,‬‬ ‫~‪(.,,(...‬‬
‫‪=2%‬‬
‫‪5...,-‬‬
‫=~‪...,6‬‬

‫‪,6~=4...,‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪~(10‬‬ ‫~~~~~~ ‪10‬‬ ‫‪...,0...,.,.,(3~. ..,,~~. ...,0...1$‬‬

‫‪.,,.~~~.. 1. ,.~~.~...~ 0~,.~~,.‬‬ ‫‪.,,.~~~..‬‬ ‫~‪2. ,.~~.~...‬‬ ‫~‪~0~~..~,.0~-..,,,..,.,...‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪~...~,...~.5,..~5‬‬ ‫‪5...,.~~...,..0,..‬‬ ‫‪..,0~ ,‬‬ ‫‪~..‬‬

‫‪~1~11..~ 13-32‬‬

‫‪455‬‬
‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪13-4‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬
‫(‪550‬‬

‫~‪150.‬‬ ‫‪.,,,‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫)~‪~~(1‬‬
‫(~‪6...,‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫~‪~~~($.4.‬‬ ‫‪..., ($,.,,,‬‬
‫‪~15‬‬ ‫~~(‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪~~1.‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪1,/~(15.4.,‬‬ ‫~‪~10‬‬
‫‪~~_0‬‬ ‫‪0-110.4‬‬
‫‪6-.,‬‬
‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪~.-8‬‬ ‫‪..., ~(($.41‬‬

‫‪~- 10‬‬ ‫‪~1.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪06‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫~‪~.4~.4,,,,(0,.(0‬‬ ‫‪~0~0(,~0~$‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬
‫(‪,,,,~~(.4.‬‬ ‫‪,.,, ()(0‬‬
‫)~‪...,()((1‬‬ ‫‪,-‬‬ ‫‪,,,,......‬‬ ‫~‪35‬‬
‫‪~ -1‬‬
‫‪04‬‬
‫‪~~8‬‬

‫‪0.2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~=‪/=.0~~~ 3. ,.~,.~~~~ ,.~~~5/‬‬ ‫=‪/=.0~~~ 4. ,.~,.~~~~ ,.~,,,.,.~~~,.~~-‬‬
‫~~‪~~~~~~,.‬‬ ‫‪~5,..~5‬‬ ‫=‪0~,.~~0~~~-‬‬ ‫‪0/= ,.~~~,,,.-=,.-=~5‬‬

‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪~20‬‬
‫‪~~-‬‬
‫~‪~~-‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪,,,,,.,,)((,,,,(),-., (0‬‬ ‫~‪(0(,..0‬‬ ‫‪(0~~~~,.‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~(0(-5‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬

‫‪~10‬‬

‫~‪~.4)(~~~,,,, ~0~~~~,.-0‬‬ ‫‪~()~~~~,.-‬‬

‫‪~8‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~~0‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫‪~~.4~ (0‬‬
‫‪~0~ ~()(~ 1 ~~2‬‬

‫‪200‬‬
‫‪094-=04‬‬
‫‪(400‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫)‪,,,,,..,,)(~,,,,(),,,,‬‬

‫~‪094-=~4‬‬
‫)‪(500 ,,,,~)(~,,,,0,,,,‬‬

‫‪~~,.-0~ ,.0 ~,,,,,,.,.~8‬‬

‫~=‪/=~0~~~ 5. ,,,.~.,,,.~,,,. ~~,.~0 5.,,.,.~~~~0 5~/‬‬

‫‪300‬‬
‫‪0 ,..4(3~.‬‬
‫‪400‬‬
‫)‪~((...,0 ,..5‬‬
‫‪500‬‬
‫‪~~8‬‬

‫‪100‬‬
‫‪,,,,.4.)(~,,,,(),,,,(0‬‬
‫‪~0~~0(=1~1/‬‬

‫‪200‬‬
‫~‪~(,..0‬‬ ‫‪((.)~~~~,.‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪094-=04‬‬
‫‪(400‬‬
‫‪094-=~4‬‬
‫)‪,,,, )((,,,,(.),,,,‬‬

‫‪(500 ,,,,1.,)((,,,,(),,,,‬‬

‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬

‫‪0,.~~~,.~~0 ~~~~ /=0~ ~~5~5,..~~ ~0~0‬‬ ‫‪/=.0~~~ 6. ,,,.~)(.,,,.~,,,. ~~,.~0 5.,,(,.~~~~0‬‬

‫‪5~/=~ 0,.~~~,.~~0 ~~~~ /=0~ (~0~~,.,~-= ~0~0‬‬

‫‪100‬‬

‫‪50‬‬

‫‪~20‬‬

‫‪~~10‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~~~8‬‬

‫‪_0‬‬

‫‪02‬‬

‫‪10-3‬‬ ‫‪102‬‬
‫‪/0()(..-5~ ~(0,..~. 5~(0~05‬‬

‫‪/=.0~~~ 8. ,,,.~)(.,,,.~,,,. ,.~~~5~~~,.‬‬

‫~~~~‪,.~~~,,,.~~ ~,,,.,.~0‬‬

‫‪...1~0..~ 13-32‬‬

‫‪456‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1(3051510(5‬‬ ‫‪(03)1‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0~~(31~0‬‬ ‫‪10 5~(1~5‬‬ ‫~‪10 10((~35‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~0113~~-11300110‬‬ ‫‪(3~301111)1.‬‬
‫‪11 15 ~~()1‬‬ ‫‪1(0~0(1301‬‬ ‫‪11131 111~ 5~(1~5-(000~(1~0‬‬ ‫‪1(3051510(5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪11.1(0~0‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪011‬‬
‫‪51(01.11130~01.151)1.‬‬ ‫‪0111~(~15~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 510~~51‬‬ ‫~(‪0~~1‬‬ ‫‪31 11.1(0-00‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1351~51‬‬ ‫~(‪0~~1‬‬
‫‪3111.1(0-011‬‬ ‫‪~111 0~ 51.10)~(1~0‬‬ ‫~~‪10 111~ 11.111~0113‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫(~‪(011~(10(-~(0111‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫‪0(310-‬‬
‫)~((‪501.1‬‬ ‫‪(1((1.111 300‬‬ ‫(‪11131 ~3(11(1.113‬‬ ‫~(‪0~~1‬‬ ‫‪(03)1 0~ 0~51(0)1~0‬‬ ‫‪01.1~ 10 111~11 ~0113~~.‬‬
‫‪1(305(0001.1(130(~,‬‬ ‫‪111(~511010 ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪00-‬‬
‫‪111~ 0~~1(~5‬‬ ‫‪51101.110 0~ (031(11~0‬‬ ‫‪10( ~310,‬‬
‫‪0( 035~ 0(1~~ (113(-‬‬
‫‪5131~ ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪11.1(0-00‬‬ ‫‪11(0~,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪11.1(0-01111(0~.‬‬ ‫‪~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~31‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪3(1~(1511(5‬‬ ‫‪51101.110 0~ 10~011(31.‬‬ ‫~‪~0113~~-5113(10‬‬ ‫‪0~1~0(~5‬‬ ‫(‪51(0113‬‬ ‫‪10 0100~5‬‬ ‫‪(01.110‬‬
‫‪0~ 1.15~0.‬‬
‫‪1(3051510(5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪(000~(1~0‬‬ ‫~(‪10 ~3(311~1 11 00~ 0~~1‬‬ ‫‪(30001‬‬ ‫~‪113001‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030‬‬
‫‪(1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪0~(0300.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~~1.131 (1.1((~01 5113(10~5,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1(3051510(5‬‬ ‫~‪51101.110 0‬‬ ‫‪(031(0.~0‬‬

‫‪10( ~310,‬‬ ‫‪1(305(0001.1(130(~,‬‬ ‫‪5311.1(31100‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪11.1(0-00‬‬ ‫‪11(0~ 300‬‬ ‫‪11.1(0-01111(0~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪131.11, 10 ~(3(11(~,‬‬ ‫‪1115 00131~3)15‬‬ ‫~‪~055101‬‬ ‫~‪10 (0~~110.~5‬‬ ‫‪(~~1.11(~(0~015.‬‬ ‫~‪~ (~3500301‬‬
‫‪3(001.101‬‬ ‫‪01 (1.1((~01‬‬ ‫~‪50.3(10‬‬ ‫‪(45‬‬ ‫‪10 55%‬‬ ‫‪~110.1~0‬‬ ‫)‪1(3051510(5‬‬ ‫‪(30‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪001310~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1‬‬
‫~‪(000~(110‬‬ ‫‪(~51510(5‬‬ ‫‪10 5~(1~5‬‬ ‫~‪~110.10.‬‬ ‫(~‪~(0111‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫)~((‪501.1‬‬ ‫‪1~((010315,‬‬ ‫‪35 50.0~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪~1~. 13-33.‬‬
‫‪(1.1((~01‬‬ ‫~‪50.3(10‬‬ ‫(~‪1.100‬‬ ‫~‪51~(0)1-5131‬‬ ‫‪(00-‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪(~51510(5‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-33‬‬ ‫~‪~111 0.~1‬‬
‫‪0111005.‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫~‪50.3(10‬‬ ‫(~‪1.100‬‬ ‫(‪0)103(01‬‬ ‫‪(000111005‬‬ ‫‪(30‬‬ ‫‪0~ 3((0(0~1150.~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 (00-‬‬
‫~‪0~(110‬‬ ‫‪(01.1~1~0 1001.1(10(5‬‬ ‫‪35 50.0~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~. 13-34.‬‬ ‫‪1110.~ (1.1((~0110.(01.1~0.‬‬ ‫‪(2) (15~5,‬‬
‫‪10.~ 1.-()//()( 3((055‬‬ ‫‪1.-) 10((~35~5,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪3 (0((~5~00010‬‬ ‫~‪~0113~~ 01 0~~0511‬‬ ‫‪~013(11)115‬‬
‫‪1001.1(~0‬‬ ‫‪3((055‬‬ ‫(‪1001.1(10‬‬ ‫‪1.-2.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫~(‪(~51.11115 3 10~-1(0~~030‬‬ ‫(‪~310.10.(01.1~0.1(3051510‬‬
‫‪(22 300‬‬ ‫‪10.~ (1.1((~0115‬‬ ‫‪50.111~0 10 (22.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫‪1001.1(10(5‬‬ ‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫~‪~~0~(31‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪5~1~~5‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪300‬‬

‫~‪11 00‬‬
‫~~‪10.~)1 (03)1 0~ ~)(~~051‬‬

‫‪10((~35~5‬‬
‫‪~3(311~1‬‬
‫‪(1.1((~01‬‬
‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫~~‪13115 0.3~~ 3 0~~311‬‬
‫‪1311 (3((1~5‬‬

‫‪0~~(31100‬‬
‫‪0.~315‬‬
‫~(‪(00‬‬
‫‪11.1(10.~(,‬‬
‫‪(1.1((~01,‬‬
‫‪~0.~(~35‬‬

‫(~‪1.1~ 1351‬‬
‫‪15 (~1311~~1)1‬‬
‫‪300‬‬
‫‪300‬‬

‫‪~05~~15‬‬
‫‪01.11~)1, ~5~~(1311)1 310.1~0.‬‬
‫~(‪1~(0~~(311.1‬‬
‫~‪115 00-5131‬‬

‫‪~(5)1.‬‬
‫~‪115 00-5131‬‬
‫‪(0~111(1~01.‬‬

‫~~‪0.3‬‬
‫~‪10.‬‬
‫~(‪(~515130‬‬
‫~~‪~05111‬‬
‫‪~05~~1‬‬
‫~(‪(~515130‬‬
‫‪(1.1((~015.‬‬
‫‪01.1(10~ (1.1((~01‬‬
‫‪0~((~35~5‬‬
‫~(‪1~(0~~(311.1‬‬
‫‪300‬‬
‫‪(0~111(1~01‬‬
‫‪10.31 10111(11)1 0(3~5‬‬
‫‪10((~35~5,‬‬ ‫‪(~51.11110~ 10 (1.1((~01‬‬
‫‪50.3(10~,‬‬
‫‪115 (1.1((~01‬‬
‫‪300‬‬
‫(~‪0.1~0.‬‬

‫~‪(3(~ 10 (031(0.10.‬‬ ‫‪(0.3(-‬‬

‫‪51111110~ 10 10.~ 010.~( 0~~1(~5.‬‬ ‫‪~051(115‬‬ ‫~(‪(~~1.11‬‬ ‫‪5~~(131‬‬
‫‪3(1~(1511(5‬‬ ‫‪01.1~ 10 10.~ ~3(1311005‬‬ ‫~‪0110.‬‬ ‫~(‪1~(0~~(311.1‬‬ ‫‪(0~111(1~015‬‬ ‫(‪~110. 10.~ (011~(10‬‬
‫‪(1.1((~01.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪457‬‬
‫‪58~. 13-5‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~))(‪~1(301‬‬ ‫‪13-8‬‬

‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪1-.105~~15‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 (1(~ ~01111~~1~0 111 ~(1((111~1 510011(1( 10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-33‬‬ ‫‪~(1(()1 (1 101(11‬‬
‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫‪01/,‬‬
‫‪= 20~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0((1111-10-5011(~~ ~011(1~~ 011((11151510( (21 15 1(1).~1‬‬
‫~ ‪= 2.5‬‬
‫(‪(1110 111(11011((11151510‬‬ ‫‪(2215 1//)52 = 3~.‬‬ ‫(‪0~1~(00111~ 111~0(3111 ~11((~11101 ~3~111(31151510‬‬
‫~~‪(1110 0111~(~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~11((~111‬‬ ‫~‪511(1(111~ 11111‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫‪511(1(111~ 5~(1~5‬‬ ‫‪(~5151(111~~5‬‬ ‫~(‪(1‬‬ ‫)‪((1‬‬
‫‪8.,1‬‬
‫‪= 0.3 0 (11108.52 = 0.2 0, (1110(0) 8.51 = 8.52 = 0.5 0.‬‬
‫‪80)01100‬‬ ‫‪((1) /01‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪/02‬‬ ‫‪= /, (100 1/051 + /018.51 = 1/052 + /028.52.‬‬
‫(‪0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪3 - 2.5 + 20‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪0.2‬‬
‫=‬ ‫~‪= 9‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪45%‬‬
‫‪0.3 + 0.2‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪/02‬‬ ‫‪= 20‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫~ ‪9 = 11‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪55%‬‬

‫‪~/ = 55 - 45 = 10%‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪( 0 ) / 01 = 3 - 2.5 + 20‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪0.5 + 0.5‬‬ ‫‪= /05..4‬‬ ‫‪0,. 52.5%‬‬

‫‪/02‬‬ ‫‪= 20 -‬‬ ‫~ ‪10.5 = 9.5‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪47.5%‬‬

‫‪~/‬‬ ‫‪= 52.5‬‬ ‫‪- 47.5 = 5%‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪1(3051510(5‬‬
‫‪~11((~01‬‬
‫(‪~011~~10‬‬
‫~(‪(~~111‬‬
‫‪~3~~10((05‬‬
‫‪~11((~01‬‬
‫‪~~(1310‬‬
‫‪01 3 ~11‬‬
‫‪(15~5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫‪111(0-00‬‬
‫~(‪8~11~11 3‬‬
‫(‪111~ 01/0‬‬
‫‪300‬‬

‫‪15‬‬
‫‪111(0-01111(0~5.‬‬
‫‪8110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-35.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪1)1~1~31 ~0113‬‬
‫~‪011(10‬‬ ‫‪111(0-00,‬‬
‫‪300‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬

‫)‪(13-53‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪458‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪011(10‬‬ ‫‪111(0-011,‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ ~011~~10(-~111111‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪1111151 (15~ 10 (~131100‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 1311 01‬‬
‫(‪111~ ~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01,‬‬ ‫‪300 0,1)/0,( 15‬‬
‫)‪0,1‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫~~~‬
‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(13-54‬‬
‫(‪0,‬‬ ‫‪(/‬‬ ‫‪(/‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~000111005‬‬ ‫‪10 ~~5.‬‬ ‫)‪(13-53‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫)‪(13-54‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫(‪5~1 0)1 111~ 1(3051510‬‬ ‫~‪5~11~1110‬‬
‫‪~113(3~1~(1511~5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪1111151 0~ 5311511~0‬‬ ‫~‪011(10‬‬ ‫‪111(0-00‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111(0-011.‬‬ ‫‪~(01~~1100‬‬ ‫‪~1(-‬‬
‫‪0,1)/0,( ~111110 111~ 3110~-‬‬
‫‪~11115 31.~ 00(111311)1‬‬ ‫‪(~~111(~0‬‬ ‫~~~~ ‪10‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0~~(3110‬‬ ‫‪0,1/0,( 300‬‬
‫‪0,1)/0,( ~(0-‬‬
‫~‪301‬‬ ‫~‪1/111115 01111‬‬ ‫‪1(3051510(.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫(‪1)1~1~311(3051510‬‬ ‫‪5~11~11 ~1111 0,1/0,( 300‬‬
‫‪1~~1100515 5110~010 ~1~. 13-363, ~1111111~ 0~~(3110~ ~3~~10(111510 ~1~. 13-360.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~(‪~~ 0~1~0‬‬ ‫‪3~(055 111~ 1(3051510( 15 ~00~0‬‬ ‫‪35 111~ 511/100~,. (1,.(/11( 0( 511/100~,. 300‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪1/111115111~0,1)/0,(. 111~ 10011~10( 1..., ~111~11 1/111115111~ 0,1/0,(, 15 50111~11111~5~311~0 3‬‬
‫‪5~,.1~5 511/100~,..‬‬
‫‪1.,~1 115 35511111~11131 1100~( 51~30)1-5131~ ~000111005 111~ 1030 ~11((~01 /1. 15 1(~~-‬‬
‫‪~11~~110~ 111(011~11 0100~ 1),,., ~111~111135 0~~11~101~ (~~~(5~ (~~0~~()111111~.‬‬ ‫‪~11~0‬‬
‫‪1(3051510( (21 15 111(0~0 00, 111~ ~011~~10( ~11((~01 (15~5 300 ~11((~01 010100~ 1),,. 13115.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~~111~31~01 ~1(~1111011(10~ 111(0-00 15 5110~0 10 ~1~. 13-373‬‬ ‫‪300 111(0-00‬‬ ‫‪0,1/0,( 15‬‬
‫‪0,1‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫)‪(13-55‬‬
‫(‪0,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1...‬‬

‫‪~~113110~ ~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(13-53‬‬ ‫‪10 ~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(13-55‬‬ ‫‪~1~~5 111~ ~3111~ 011...,‬‬
‫~(‪~.‬‬
‫= ‪1..‬‬ ‫)‪(13-56‬‬
‫·‬ ‫‪11.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪~_1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~~‪~--‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬
‫‪~,,‬‬ ‫‪~,,‬‬ ‫‪.-‬‬

‫‪~1-.‬‬ ‫_‬ ‫‪~~5‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~1~~.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪(8) ,.,.,006 1‬‬ ‫‪(~) ,.,.,006 2‬‬ ‫‪(~) ,.,.,006 3‬‬

‫‪58~. 13-6‬‬ ‫‪459‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪011(10‬‬ ‫‪111(0-0((,‬‬ ‫(‪10~ ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫~~(‪~5 ~111 ~03‬‬ ‫‪0,)7 10~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~()111..,31~01‬‬
‫‪~1(~1111 18 800~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-370.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(‪~3~3~110‬‬ ‫~~‪..,0113‬‬ ‫‪~111‬‬ ‫(‪3~~~3‬‬ ‫‪3~(088‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫(‪1(3081810‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪10~ 0,1)/0,( 18‬‬

‫)‪0,1‬‬
‫‪11-‬‬
‫(‪0,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(13-57‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬

‫~‪~()113110‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬ ‫)‪(13-54‬‬ ‫‪10 ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(13-57‬‬ ‫~‪~1..,~8 10‬‬ ‫‪(~()111(~0‬‬ ‫‪..,3111~ 0( ~3~(1~11(10~~,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(13-58‬‬

‫~‪00~~ 10~ ~(1~(1~110( 18 ~0(1(~~0 10 ~5, 10~ ((~~~0~~110‬‬ ‫‪0100~ ~111111(0 00.‬‬ ‫‪011~ 10‬‬
‫‪10~ ~0~(~,)7 810(~0 10 1.,5, 10~(~ ~111 0~ 3 0(101~~0 (~800(101 ~1(~1111(18 800~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪13-37~.‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1((1081~01 (10(11)18180( ~1.,~ ~1(~111118 018~1188~0 10 5~~1100 15-4.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫(‪~1.,~ ~1(~1111 18 00(01(111,)7 01(10~ ~(111~(111)10(101~~0 10 (1..,010 08~111(111008. ~0‬‬ ‫‪11011)1‬‬
‫‪~(111~(110(101~10~, ~ = 1, 300 ~(). (15-11) ,)71~108‬‬

‫‪/1.,5‬‬
‫‪~5 = 2‬‬ ‫)‪(13-59‬‬
‫‪1./ ~5‬‬
‫~‪10~ ~(1~(1~110( ~5 0(18 10 018~0(1(~~ 10(011~010~ 1((1081810( (100 1018 10~(~(18~8 10~ ~~(1‬‬
‫‪~11((~01 ((1110~ 0( 10~ 1((1081810(. 10~ 018~0(1(~~ 10(011~010~ 1((1081810( ~(10 0~ (1..,010~0‬‬
‫‪0,)7 ~1(1~10~ (~81810( ~5 (1~(088 ~5 1081~(10 0( ~1(1~10~ ~5 (1~(088 1)5.‬‬
‫‪10~ 018~0(1(~~ ~11((~01 18 800~0 10 ~1~. 13-38.‬‬ ‫‪10 ~000810~ 10~ ..,(1111~0( ~5,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~~(‪10~ 018~0(1‬‬
‫‪101(0‬‬
‫‪1101~, ~5~5‬‬
‫~‪10~ 8~11~010‬‬ ‫‪~~(100,‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪,.58001110‬‬ ‫‪(1180 0~ ~00810~(~0.‬‬
‫‪15, 18 11811(111)1(10~()11(11~.‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪,5‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~~(‪018~0(1‬‬ ‫‪1101~ 0( 00~-‬‬

‫)‪(13-60‬‬

‫‪,~.‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬
‫‪~~-‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~/.‬‬ ‫~‪~)~0..‬‬
‫‪. = 1/1.‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫~~‪511000‬‬
‫‪13-38‬‬ ‫‪1)15~/11111~~ ~0~~~111 01‬‬
‫‪~111111~110~.‬‬

‫‪~~3111()1~ 13-9‬‬

‫‪~ 01~01(11 11(111818101 18 0~~1(11~0 (18 (1 ~110~~~1 8~11~11 (11 (1 11~()11~11~~ 01/$ = 10 /(1-12.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~11~1111(111(111~~111~11118 8110~11 111~1~. 13-36(1.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~ ,,,011(1~~ 01111~ ~110~~~1 18‬‬
‫‪~$ = 220 ~ (1110 111~ 10(10 ~1111~111 18 11- = 100~.‬‬ ‫)(‪~ ~10(03‬‬
‫~‪= 0 ~. 111~ 8~11~11111‬‬
‫~‪11111~8(11~ (,) = 0, (, = 3,..,, (1110 (/ = 1.2 ,..,8. 0~1~1111111~ 111~ ,,,(1111~801 ((1) 1-,~ (0) ~$‬‬
‫‪(~) ~$ 101 ~1111~(111~0(1111~~0 ~0110111011~ (0) ~$, 11111~ 018~11(11~~ 11111~18 1111111~010 011~-‬‬
‫~‪111110 01 8~11~11111~ ~~1100‬‬ ‫‪(~) ~$, 11111~ ~~(1/( 018~11(11~~ ~1111~111 18 1111111~010 10%‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬

‫‪460‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~~~‪1030 ~11~~~111~3110 (1) ~0‬‬ ‫~~ ‪1055 011~ 10‬‬ ‫~‪5111100~~, )1., 11~~1~~1111~111~~11~~101111011~10‬‬
‫~~‪1.. 011 111~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪01 5111100~~ ~3~3~110~,‬‬ ‫‪~..‬‬

‫= ~‪80111~)00 1‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪1-..,~. = 220~, 1. = 10/(1-12, 1, = 3 /1-,31101/ = 1.2 /1-5.‬‬

‫‪)( 3/100 = 6.6 /1-1-1.‬‬
‫~‪(3) ~~0‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫‪(13-56), 1.. = 220‬‬
‫‪)( 1.2/220 = 0.55 /1-~.‬‬
‫~‪(0) ~~0‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫‪(13-58), ~. = 100‬‬
‫~‪(~) ~~0‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫‪(13-59), ~. = 2~(6.6/0.55) = 6.930.‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪(0) ~~0~ ~~. (13-60), ~. = 103/(3 )( 10 0.55) = 60.60.‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪100 0~~. = 220.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~/~. = 0.1 1~ 0~ 220/~. = 0.1‬‬
‫~‪(1) 111~ 5111100~~ 1055, ~111~1111~~1~~~5 111~ 1055 1110100‬‬ ‫‪/).,‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪)1. = 0.5~. ~~1.‬‬ ‫)‪(13-61‬‬
‫‪)( 0.55 )( 10-6‬‬ ‫‪)( 2202 )( 10 )( 103‬‬
‫‪= 0.5‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 133.1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(‪0‬‬ ‫~‪038‬‬
‫~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪011~~3110/5‬‬ ‫~~~‪110‬‬ ‫‪1(3081810(5‬‬ ‫‪38 8~1~~11~5,‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫~‪31111(011(131‬‬ ‫~‪/531~ ~0113/5‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫~‪(111.181 0‬‬ ‫~~‪3111111~0 10 0(1‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1(3081810(8‬‬ ‫‪1010‬‬ ‫‪111~ 8311.1(31100‬‬ ‫~‪(1100‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫~‪00-8131‬‬ ‫‪~0113/5~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~001(01‬‬ ‫~‪~0113/5‬‬ ‫~‪81101.110 0‬‬ ‫‪3111111~0 0~1~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪111~ /531‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫‪801.1(~~ 1~((1110318‬‬ ‫‪0( 0~1~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 038‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪~(11111~( 1~((1110318.‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ 110‬‬ ‫‪~00~~(1~(8‬‬
‫~‪/5~0~(311‬‬ ‫‪(~~1.11(~ (111.1111111~1(3081810(8‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫(‪~3~111(3051810‬‬ ‫‪(111.1810~ /531~01001~101.1311~.‬‬
‫‪~1/51.1(~ 13-393‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬ ‫~‪3 510/51~-111135‬‬ ‫~‪0(10/5‬‬ ‫‪10~~(1~(.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪(11310‬‬ ‫~‪0~ ~0113/5‬‬ ‫‪15 ~5‬‬
‫‪~1111 /5(01.100‬‬ ‫‪1~((111031‬‬ ‫‪(1.‬‬
‫‪111~ 10/51~ ~1(~1.11110 ~1/5. 13-390‬‬ ‫‪/5~0~(31~5‬‬ ‫‪101.1( 111.115~5.‬‬ ‫~‪111~5‬‬ ‫‪111.115~8 35 5110~0‬‬
‫~‪10 ~1/5. 13-39‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪511111~0 10 11(11~ 10 11~(10((11‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~~1.11(~0‬‬ ‫~~‪10/51~ 5~~1.1~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪10( 110‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~~+‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫~‪~8‬‬ ‫~‪8‬‬
‫‪8,‬‬
‫‪--+-‬‬
‫‪82‬‬
‫‪--+-‬‬
‫‪83‬‬
‫‪91‬‬
‫‪92‬‬
‫‪93‬‬
‫~‪(..09,‬‬
‫~‪96.,6~810‬‬
‫‪~...,.‬‬ ‫‪84‬‬ ‫‪94‬‬
‫‪--+-‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
‫~‪(0) (..09~~ 96.,6~810‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪...,8 - - - - -‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪(~) 8816 ~~~565‬‬

‫‪111~11..~ 13-39‬‬ ‫~‪51(1~1~-~11~5‬‬ ‫~~‪0~10~~-1(1~~~1‬‬ ‫‪~(10 ~~11(1~ 51~(1~15.‬‬

‫‪461‬‬
‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪13-7‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪,‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪~00‬‬

‫‪~85‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫~~ =‬
‫‪(3‬‬ ‫~‪..)~0..‬‬ ‫‪13-40‬‬ ‫~(‪03‬‬ ‫~~‪~01(3‬‬ ‫‪0~(~~~0‬‬
‫~(‪~3‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪~(01100.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~011~~(81011‬‬ ‫‪~(0(11 0~ 10 (1~.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪(1110~ ~01.1( 10~1~ ~1.118~811(1~~ (1 ~0(11(110111~((11111(11‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~0(11(11011 0~ 111~ 10~1~ ~1(~1.111 (11(1~ 0~ ~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ ~(01.1110 1~((11111(11 0‬‬
‫‪0~ 111~ (11(11110~ 81.111111~(18 8110~11‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0(1811~0‬‬ ‫‪1111~8.‬‬
‫‪111~ 1~((11111(1181,‬‬ ‫~~‪~111~1111(18 (1 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~81 ~1111 (~811~~1101~((11111(11‬‬ ‫‪~, ~(1111101‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪01(~~11‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪~(11~ 1~((11111(11 01.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 81~11(11 ~81 81101.110 0~ (1111111~0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(11~ 1~((11111(11 01‬‬ ‫‪(1110 801.1(~~ 1~((11111(11 .51 0~ 1((11181810( (21.‬‬ ‫‪111~(~ 18 (1‬‬
‫‪11~~0‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1801(111011 (1110 1111~(~(1~111~ ~1(~1.1118 0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 10~1‬‬ ‫(~~‪~1(~1.111 (1110 110‬‬
‫‪1((11181810(8.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪1((11181810(8‬‬ ‫‪(22 (1110 (24 ~(1110~ ~(11~0 01(~~11~ ~111101.111801(111011‬‬
‫(‪0‬‬ ‫~‪1111~(~(1~111~ ~1(~1.1118 1~ 111~ 10~1‬‬ ‫~‪81~11(118 (1(~ ~0(1111(11101‬‬ ‫~~‪~1111 111~ ~(11~ 0(1‬‬ ‫‪(~-‬‬
‫‪().1.11(~(11~1118 0~ 111~ 1((11181810(8.‬‬
‫‪111~ 1(11110(1(111~~ 0~ ~(11111~ (1 1((11181810( 0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪118 ~(11~ (1110 801.1(~~ ((1111~( 111(111‬‬
‫~~‪(111111~111~~(11111~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(11~ (1110 ~0(11(11011 ~(01.1110 ~(111 0~ 0~(1101181((11~0‬‬
‫‪~1111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-40,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(10‬‬ ‫~~‪(~5151(111‬‬ ‫‪15 ~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫~~(‪111~ 801.1‬‬ ‫‪(1110‬‬
‫‪~(01.1110.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~~~~~11‬‬ ‫~~(‪~(11~-801.1‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪= ~0‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫~(~‪~11‬‬
‫(‪81810‬‬
‫(‪111~ 10(10 0‬‬
‫)‪11)(~ 05‬‬ ‫‪~(1(1~8 ~1111 ~ 05.‬‬
‫‪05‬‬

‫~‪11.1(118 011 (1110 ~ 05 (~(1~11~8 (1 81~(10~-51(11‬‬

‫‪0((1111 ~1.1((~111.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫~~‪111~ ~~~~~11‬‬
‫~()‪~~11‬‬ ‫)‪05‬‬

‫‪~(111.1~ 0~ ~ 05 0~~(~(18~8‬‬ ‫‪(18 111~ 1((111-‬‬

‫~~‪~(111.1~, ~111~1118 (~().1.11(~0 10 0(11(111‬‬
‫‪111~ ~~~~~11~~ ~(111.1~ 0~ ~ 05 18 1.11111(~01~1(101~ (1110 81.1~11‬‬
‫~‪(111(1(((111~~(11~11118 1101 81.111(101~. 111~(~ (1(~ 0(181~(111~ 1~0 ~(1~8 0~ ~0(11111~ 0( 1801(11111‬‬
‫‪111~ ~0111(01‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪~(11~ 81~11(11 ~1111 (~811~~110‬‬ ‫‪~(01.1110.‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪~1.118~ 1((1118~0((11~(8‬‬

‫‪2. 01110~01.1111~(8‬‬

‫‪~1.118~ 1((1118~0((11~(8‬‬ ‫~(‪11(1~~ 011~ 11(1(11(1(~ ~1110111~ (1110 ~(111 11(1~~ 011~ 0( (110‬‬ ‫~(‪5~~0110(1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~1110111~8.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1.1111111~ 8~~0110(1‬‬ ‫‪~1110111~8 (1110~ 81(111.111(111~01.18~(11111~ 81~11(118 10 5~(1~8-‬‬
‫‪(1110 11(1((111~1-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪1((11181810(8.‬‬ ‫‪~1~1.1(~ 13-41 8110~8 (1 1((1118~0((11~(-1801(11~0‬‬ ‫~‪~(11‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~~‪0(1‬‬ ‫‪(1(((111~~(11~111.‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ 1((1118~0((11‬‬ ‫~(~~ ‪81101.110 11(1~~ (1‬‬ ‫~~‪8(11(1111~(1/((1‬‬ ‫~~‪11101.1~1(111‬‬
‫~(~~ ‪(1110 111~ (18~ 11(11~ 0~ 111~ 01.11111.11111.118~81101.110‬‬ ‫‪8(11(111.‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫~‪(1 (~1(111~~1‬‬ ‫~‪1011~ 111.118‬‬
‫~‪(1110 10‬‬ ‫(~‪8~11~11111~ ~(~().1.1~11~~, 111~ 1((1118~0((11‬‬ ‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫‪8(111.1((11~ (1110 115 01.11111.11~01.110‬‬
‫‪0~ 01510(1~0.‬‬

‫‪01110~01.1111~(5‬‬ ‫~‪~0(110111‬‬ ‫‪(111 111~((1(~0‬‬ ‫~‪11~111-~(11111111~ 0100‬‬ ‫)‪(11-~0‬‬ ‫‪(1110 (1 8111~011 11110-‬‬
‫‪101((11181810(.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111111.1181~11(1118 (1111111~0 10 111~ 11-~0‬‬ ‫‪(1110 111~ 01.11111.11181(1/(~11 ~(0(11‬‬

‫‪462‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~~‪(..09‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪0~~,,,€‬‬
‫(~~~~~~‬ ‫‪~1~11..~ 13-41‬‬ ‫‪1(1111510(01~(-150111(~0‬‬ ‫~(‪~11‬‬
‫‪0(1~~.‬‬

‫‪111~ ~110101(3051510(.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪(15‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪1311 11(0~5 01 ~110101(3051510(5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~~()1 5(0311,‬‬
‫‪~11111)1~1~31‬‬ ‫‪~311.1~5 0111.1(0-00‬‬ ‫‪11(0~,‬‬ ‫‪(00 = 2 - 5 /1-5, 300 11.1(0-01111(0~,‬‬ ‫‪(011 = 300‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪03005~~0005.‬‬ ‫~‪111~5‬‬ ‫‪11.1(0-00‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪11.1(0-011‬‬ ‫‪11(0~5‬‬ ‫‪11(011 111~ 111~11 1(~~1.1~0~)1‬‬ ‫‪3~~11-‬‬
‫‪~311005.‬‬ ‫‪/1-..~31~ 150131100‬‬ ‫(‪~1(~1.1111.1510~ ~110101(3051510‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-42.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫(‪~110101(3051510‬‬ ‫‪~01.110 0~ 3 03(110~100‬‬ ‫‪~31(.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~110101(3051510(5‬‬ ‫~‪(~~1.11(~ 5~~3(31‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪51.1~~1)1 300‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ ~0(0~1~)(11)1‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪~051 300‬‬ ‫‪~~1~111‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫~~‪0(1‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.1115.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪0~(0~0~~(€‬‬
‫~~‪+-,,‬‬
‫‪~----‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫(‬
‫‪82‬‬
‫‪~83‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪-,,00‬‬
‫‪-,,91‬‬ ‫(‬
‫(‬ ‫‪88‬‬
‫‪~8‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‪80‬‬
‫‪~(3‬‬
‫=‪-‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1(3051510(5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~~0~(311)1‬‬ ‫~~(‪01111‬‬ ‫‪1)1~~5~ 13115,‬‬ ‫‪~05~~15,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪~051015.‬‬
‫‪13115‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01-~001(011~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111~1( ~3(3(0~1~(5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫~~‪5~05111‬‬ ‫‪10 )1.10~1100‬‬
‫‪1~(0~~(311.1(~.‬‬ ‫‪13115‬‬ ‫‪51.111~( 1(0(0‬‬ ‫‪5~~0110‬‬ ‫‪0(~3~00~0‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪(~~1.11(~ (~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪035~ ~1.1((~01‬‬
‫‪0( 5311.1(31100‬‬
‫‪01.1(10~ 11.1(0-01110‬‬ ‫~~‪(~01.1~~ 111~ 510(3‬‬ ‫‪11(0~.‬‬ ‫~‪131.11111~)1113~~ 10‬‬ ‫~‪00-5131‬‬
‫‪~0113~~.‬‬
‫‪~05~~15‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~-~001(011~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~(‪(~~1.11‬‬ ‫~‪~~()110‬‬ ‫~‪~3110‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111~1( ~3(3(0~1~(5‬‬ ‫~~‪3(~ 1~55 5~05111‬‬ ‫‪10 )1.10~1100 1~(0~~(311.1(~.‬‬ ‫~(~‪111‬‬ ‫‪15 00 5~~000‬‬
‫‪0(~3~00~0‬‬ ‫‪~(001~(0‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪0~~0‬‬ ‫~~‪10( 0~~311‬‬ ‫~‪~31‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪01.1(10~ 11.1(0-011.‬‬ ‫‪~0-‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪51015,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 ~0(0010~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 30~3013~~5‬‬ ‫‪0113115‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪~05~~15,‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~-~00-‬‬
‫‪1(011~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪113~~ 10‬‬ ‫~‪00-5131‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫(‪51(0113‬‬ ‫‪10 13115.‬‬ ‫‪~051015‬‬ ‫‪113~~ 00‬‬
‫‪5~~000‬‬ ‫‪0(~3~00~0‬‬ ‫‪~11~00(0~03.‬‬
‫‪1(3051510(5‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10 5~(1~5‬‬ ‫‪0( ~3(311~1.‬‬ ‫‪~3(311~1‬‬ ‫‪0~~(31100‬‬ ‫‪1.151.1(11)1‬‬
‫‪(~~1.11(~5‬‬ ‫~‪~1.1((~01-5113(10‬‬ ‫‪~1~(0~015.‬‬ ‫‪5~(1~5‬‬ ‫‪0~~(31100‬‬ ‫‪(~~1.11(~5‬‬ ‫~‪(031~1110‬‬ ‫‪01 ~3(3(0-‬‬
‫‪~1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪~5~~~1(11)1‬‬ ‫‪01.1(10~ 11.1(0-00‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪11.1(0-011.‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪(03101310‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬
‫~‪(~1311005111‬‬ ‫‪011(3051510(5‬‬ ‫~‪01.1(10‬‬ ‫‪11.1(0-00‬‬ ‫‪300 11.1(0-011,‬‬ ‫‪1115 ~~0~(311)1‬‬ ‫‪0~~~553()110‬‬
‫‪(1)/0(.‬‬
‫(~‪1.15~ 501.100‬‬ ‫~‪~1(~1.1115 10 11(011111‬‬ ‫(‪01./0‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬

‫‪463‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪111~ ~(11~ 51~0(115 ~(10 0~ 1501(11~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 111~ 1=10~~( ~1(~1.111 0)11=11.115~ 1((10510(111~(5‬‬
‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪01=110~01.11=11~(5.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪1=11.151~1((10510(111~(5‬‬ ‫~~‪(1(~ 511111=11~,01.11 111~ 1~(1).((1~~ 1001.1~1(10‬‬
‫‪51101.110 0~ ~~()1‬‬ ‫‪5111(111.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1((10510(111~(5‬‬ ‫‪111(1)10~ 5(111.1((11~0 (11 (1 10~ 1(~()1.1~0~)1 (100‬‬
‫~‪100‬‬ ‫~(‪1=11.115~. 01=110~01.11=11~(5 (~()1.11‬‬ ‫(~~‪5~1=1(1((11~ 1=10‬‬ ‫‪51.11=11=11)1.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1. .5. 5. 0)(11~(,‬‬ ‫‪110~0.‬‬ ‫‪~~75‬‬ ‫‪(1/10 711€17 .4/1/1/1~(1(10/15.‬‬ ‫‪.511~1~~000‬‬ ‫‪01115,‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪1. ~ ~.~1111~~-‬‬
‫‪1-1311, 111~., 1982.‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪8.‬‬ ‫‪1. 8311~3 3110 0.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~0~11, 110~€7‬‬ ‫‪77(1/1515(075.. 0€1)1~€ 0€518/1 (1/10 .4/1/1/1~(1(10/15.‬‬ ‫~~~‬
‫‪~ 0./(~ 1.5.5.5‬‬ ‫‪~.~55,‬‬ ‫‪1984.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪3. ~~5611~001.15‬‬ ‫‪.51~~1.1~,‬‬ ‫‪51/1~0/1 110~€7‬‬ ‫‪77(1/1515(07 1/(1/10/)00/(.‬‬ ‫‪~111501.1.~0,‬‬ ‫‪~3. ~ ~~51-‬‬
‫‪111~001.15~ .51~~1(1~ ~0.~0.36011,‬‬ ‫‪1967.‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪8.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~~11~,‬‬ ‫‪..~0~~.‬‬ ‫‪~05~.515-3‬‬ ‫‪51311.15 .~.,,1~~.,,‬‬ ‫‪//1(€7/1(1(10/1(1/ 110~€7‬‬ ‫‪~/€~(70/11~5‬‬
‫‪~0/1/€7€/1~€,‬‬ ‫‪1983,‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫‪10-32.‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~~..3.0,‬‬ ‫~~‪..~11 0.,,~..,,1‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫~~‪~051 5111.100~. 1~~011010‬‬ ‫‪10. 1.31151510. ~011.,,~.1~.5.,,‬‬
‫~~~‪/‬‬ ‫‪110~€7‬‬ ‫‪~/€~(70/11~5‬‬ ‫‪5/1€~1(1/15( ~0/1/€7€/1~€,‬‬ ‫‪1982,‬‬ ‫‪~~. 466-477.‬‬
‫‪6. ~.‬‬ ‫‪5. 5~0.3‬‬ ‫‪3110 1(. ~. 5111110, 1.11~70€/€~(70/11~5.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫‪~0./(~ ~85‬‬ ‫~~~‪~011‬‬ ‫‪~1.101150111~,‬‬
‫‪1986.‬‬
‫‪7.‬‬ ‫~~~‪~. 5~.,,~.115 31101. ~.1111)05, 1.105110‬‬ ‫‪.4/1/1/1~(1(10/11/(1/10/)00/(.‬‬ ‫‪5313 03.3,‬‬ ‫~ ‪~3111.‬‬
‫‪5111~0111)( ~0.~0.36011,‬‬ ‫‪1984.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪8. 8.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪1.105~~75,‬‬
‫‪1985.‬‬
‫‪~~11~ 3110 5. ~.‬‬
‫‪~~~11~36011‬‬
‫‪0~111~111~,‬‬
‫~‪~01‬‬ ‫‪~0.‬‬
‫‪.4/1/1/)/1/18‬‬
‫‪930~,‬‬
‫‪//1(€7/1(1(10/1(1/ ~€~(1/1€7,5‬‬ ‫‪1/~)(~~7‬‬
‫‪.51 5~~1.11100, ~3111.= 1111~.1131101131 ~~~611~.,‬‬

‫‪9. 1. ~. ~3001115/(1, ..~.01~~6011 01 ~0~~. 1(31151510.5 111~1~~1.1~ .,,~01~1~ 0.1.,,~5.,,‬‬

‫‪110~€7 ~/€~(70/11~5 5/1€~1(1/15(~0/1/€7€/1~€, 1982, ~~. 455-465.‬‬
‫‪110~€7‬‬

‫~~‪/‬‬

‫‪10. 8. 1. 8311~3, ~. ~0~11~, ~. 5031~., 3110 ~. ~.‬‬ ‫~‪5111/10, ..10‬‬ ‫‪11151.1131~0‬‬

‫‪~31~ 1.31151510.‬‬
‫‪(101)-3‬‬ ‫~~~‪11~~ ~0~~. 5~11~0111~0~.,,1~~.,, /‬‬ ‫‪//10/,/$(7)/ .4/1/1/1~(1(10/1550~1€()/ ~0/1/€7-‬‬
‫‪€/1~€ ~€~070, 1983, ~~. 354-363.‬‬
‫‪11. 5. 0~111~111~, 3110 8. ~. ~~11~, ..0110~.513110111~ ~0~~. ~05~.51‬‬ ‫‪5~11~0111~ ~~.10.111-‬‬
‫‪311~~.,, 50/10-5((1(€ ~/€~(70/11~5, ~01. 12, ~0. 12, 1982, ~~. 1133-1141.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪13-1.‬‬ ‫‪~031‬‬ ‫‪15 3 01~013.‬‬ ‫‪1(31151510. (811)7‬‬

‫‪13-2.‬‬ ‫‪~031‬‬ ‫‪3.~ 10~ 1~~~5 0181157‬‬
‫‪13-3.‬‬ ‫‪~031‬‬ ‫‪3.~ 10~ 0111~.~11~~5 0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪/1/1/1-1.31151510. 3110/1/1/1-1.31151510.57‬‬
‫‪13-4.‬‬ ‫‪~031‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 10~ 111~1.11~03.3~1~.156~5‬‬ ‫‪01 /1/1/1-1.31151510.57‬‬
‫‪13-5.‬‬ ‫‪~031‬‬ ‫~‪3.~ 10~ 01.11~1.11~03.3~1~.156‬‬ ‫‪01/1/1/1-1.31151510.57‬‬
‫‪13-6.‬‬ ‫‪~031‬‬ ‫~~‪3.~ 10~ 10.‬‬ ‫‪.~~10115 01 0~~.36011‬‬ ‫‪10. 81157‬‬
‫‪13-7.‬‬ ‫‪~03115‬‬ ‫)~( ‪3 0~13‬‬ ‫‪0181157‬‬
‫‪13-8.‬‬ ‫‪~03115‬‬ ‫‪10~ 0111~.~11~~ 0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪0~13,‬‬ ‫‪~, 3110 10.~~0‬‬ ‫‪0~13,‬‬ ‫‪~10 01 81157‬‬

‫‪464‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪13-9.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪15 3 1(3115011~1311~~ 01 81157‬‬
‫‪13-10.‬‬ ‫‪~113115‬‬ ‫~~‪311 0~~(0(1‬‬ ‫‪13~10( 01 81157‬‬
‫‪13-11.‬‬ ‫‪~113115‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5~11~11111~ 11100~1 01 81157‬‬
‫‪13-12.‬‬ ‫‪~113115‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~3115~ 01 0~13)1 6111~ 11181157‬‬
‫‪13-13.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫~~‪15 111~ ~3115~ 01 510(3‬‬ ‫‪11111~11181157‬‬
‫‪13-14.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪15 111~ ~3115~ 01 (15~ 11111~11181157‬‬
‫‪13-15.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪15 111~ ~3115~ 011311 6111~ 11181157‬‬
‫‪13-16.‬‬ ‫‪~113115‬‬ ‫‪3 53111(311011 11100~ 0181157‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪13-17.‬‬ ‫‪~113115‬‬ ‫‪3 111(11-011 6111~ 01 81157‬‬
‫‪13-18.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪15 3 111(11-011 6111~ 01 81157‬‬
‫‪13-19.‬‬ ‫‪~113115‬‬ ‫~‪3 ~850‬‬ ‫‪0181157‬‬
‫‪13-20.‬‬ ‫‪~113115‬‬ ‫~‪3 ~850‬‬ ‫‪0181157‬‬
‫‪13-21.‬‬ ‫‪~11)115‬‬ ‫‪11 11~~~553()110‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪0135 8115‬‬ ‫‪011(111~ 111(11-0117‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪13-22.‬‬ ‫‪~113115‬‬ ‫‪3 5~~0110 0(~3)(00~11‬‬ ‫‪01 81157‬‬
‫‪13-23.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 111~ 035~ 0(1~~ 1~~11111().11~510( 111~(~35111~ 5~11~11111~ 5~~~05‬‬ ‫‪01 81157‬‬
‫‪13-24.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪15 311 311653111(36011‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01 01 81157‬‬
‫‪13-25.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 111~ 30~31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 01530~31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪01 81157‬‬
‫‪13-26.‬‬ ‫‪~113115‬‬ ‫‪3 ~05~617‬‬
‫‪13-27.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 111~ 1)1~~5 01 ~05~6157‬‬
‫‪13-28.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 111~ 0111~(~11~~5 0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪~1111311~~111~111-1)1~~~05~615‬‬ ‫~~‪3110 0~~1~6011-1)1‬‬
‫‪~05~6157‬‬
‫‪13-29. ~1131 15 3 ~111~11-011 ~0113~~ 01 ~05~6157‬‬
‫‪13-30. ~1131 15 3 111(~511010 ~0113~~ 01 ~05~6157‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪13-31. ~113115 3 1(3115~011011~1311~~ 01 ~05~6157‬‬
‫‪13-32. ~113115 111~ 5~11~11111~ 11100~1 0111-~1131111~1 ~05~6157‬‬
‫‪13-33. ~1131 3(~ 111~ 1(31151~( ~113(3~1~(156~5 01 ~05~6157‬‬
‫‪13-34. ~1131 3(~ 111~ 0111~111 ~113(3~1~(1511~5 01 ~05~6157‬‬
‫‪13-35. ~1131 3(~ 111~ 30~31113~~5 3110 01530~31113~~5 01 ~05~6157‬‬
‫‪13-36. ~11)1 00 111~ ~05~615‬‬ ‫‪1101 (~().111(~ 11~~311~~ ~31~ ~0113~~ 011(111~ 111(11-0117‬‬

‫‪13-37. ~11)1 00~5 111~ ~011~~~1 01 53111(36011 0111~( 1118115 3110 ~05~6157‬‬
‫‪13-38. ~113115 3 111(11-011 6111~ 01 ~05~6157‬‬
‫‪13-39. ~113115 3 111(11-011 6111~ 01 ~05~6157‬‬
‫‪13-40. ~113115 3 ~051017‬‬
‫‪13-41. ~1131 3(~ 111~ 1(31151~( ~113(3~1~(1511~5 01 ~0510157‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪13-42. ~1131 3(~ 111~ 0111~111 ~113(3~1~(156~5 01 ~0510157‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪13-43. ~1131 3(~ 111~ 30~31113~~5 3110 01530~31113~~5 01 ~0510157‬‬

‫‪13-44. ~1131 3(~ 111~ 11131110111~(~11~~5 0~1~~~11 ~05~615‬‬ ‫‪3110 81157‬‬
‫‪13-45. ~1131 3(~ 111~ ~(001~1115 01 ~3(311~1 0~~(36011 01 81157‬‬
‫‪13-46. ~1131 3(~ 111~ ~(001~1115 01 ~3(311~1 0~~(36011 01 ~05~6157‬‬
‫‪13-47. ~1131 3(~ 111~ ~(001~1115 01 ~3(311~1 0~~(311011 01 ~0510157‬‬
‫‪13-48. ~1131 3(~ 111~ ~(001~1115 01 5~(1~5 0~~(36011 01 81157‬‬
‫‪13-49. ~1131 3(~ 111~ ~(001~1115 01 5~(1~5 0~~(360115 01 ~05~6157‬‬
‫‪13-50. ~1131 3(~ 111~ ~(001~1115 01 5~(1~5 0~~(3110115 01 ~0510157‬‬

‫‪465‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪13-51.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪3~~ 1/1~ ~11~~05~5 01 5/1111115111100~~ 1111~31151510~57‬‬

‫‪13-52.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪18 1/1~ ~11~~05~ 01 8~~1~5 5111100~~ 1111~31151510~57‬‬
‫‪13-53.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪3~~ 1/1~ 30,,,31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 01530,,,31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪011~311510~111~~ ~31~ 15013110117‬‬
‫‪13-54.‬‬ ‫‪~/131‬‬ ‫‪3~~ 1/1~ 30,,,31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 01830,,,31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪01 0~10~011~1~0‬‬ ‫‪~31~ 18013110117‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪13-1.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ 0~13 ((3) 0101~013‬‬ ‫‪1~31151810~ 111~1~. 13-6 ,,,3~1~51~01111010‬‬ ‫‪60.‬‬ ‫~~‪1/1~ 1030 ~~5151311‬‬
‫~‪18 8.‬‬ ‫‪= 5 0.‬‬
‫~‪1/1~ 0~ 811~~1~,,,0113~~ 15 ~ ~~ = 100 ~ 3110 1/1~ 111~111,,,0113~~ 10 1/1‬‬
‫‪035~ ~1~~111115 ~8 = 8~.‬‬ ‫)‪11 ~00(,3,‬‬
‫)‪= 2.5 ~ 3110 ~8~(,3,) = 1.75 ~, 111101/1~ (3‬‬
‫~‪,,,3111~ 01 8.8 1/131 ~111 ~~51111 111 53111~311011 ~11/1 311 0,,,~~0~1,,,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪13~10~ 01 20~ (.,) 10~~~0‬‬
‫~~~‪(3~ 3110 (~) ~0‬‬ ‫‪1055 1111/1~ 1~31151510~, ~7.‬‬
‫‪13-2.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ 0~13 ((3) 0101~013‬‬ ‫‪1~31151510~ 111~1~. 13-6 ,,,3~1~51~01111210‬‬ ‫‪75.‬‬ ‫~~‪1/1~ 1030 ~~8151311‬‬
‫~‪15 8.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1.5 0.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ 0~ 511~~1~,,,0113~~ 15 ~ ~~. = 40 ~ 3110 1/1~ 111~111,,,0113~~ 10 1/1‬‬
‫~‪035‬‬ ‫‪~1~~111115‬‬ ‫‪~8‬‬ ‫‪= 6~.‬‬ ‫‪11 ~~~(,3,) = 1.2 ~, ~8~(,3,) = 1.6~,‬‬ ‫‪31108.,, = 0.70,‬‬
‫‪0~1~~111111~ 1/1~ (3) 0,,,~~0~1,,,~ 13~10~,‬‬ ‫~~‪00‬‬ ‫‪(.,) 10~~~0‬‬ ‫~~~‪(3~ 3110 (~) ~0‬‬ ‫~‪1085 111 1/1‬‬
‫‪1~31151510~, ~ 7.‬‬
‫‪13-3.‬‬ ‫~‪~ 0‬‬ ‫~‪1~31151510~, 1~~~ 0670‬‬ ‫‪~11/10313‬‬ ‫‪5/1~~1111 ~1~. 13-12,‬‬ ‫‪15 115~0 35 3 5~11~/1 3110‬‬
‫‪1/1~ ~3,,,~10~1115 3~~ 5/10~11 111 ~1~. 13-9.‬‬ ‫~ ~~‪1/1~ ~3~3111~1~~5 3‬‬
‫~~‬ ‫)‪= 200 ~, ~ ,,~(,3,‬‬
‫‪= 3 ~, /8 = 8 ~, ~~~(,3,) = 2 ~, /~5 = 100~, (,/ = 0.5, 5, (_ = 1 , 5, (5 = 5 , 5,‬‬
‫(‪(, = 3 , 5, 3110~ = 10 /(1-12. 1/1~ 0111~~~~1~15/‬‬
‫~~‪= 50%. 1/1~ ~011~~10~-~111111‬‬
‫‪= 3‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪13-4.‬‬
‫~~‪1~3/(3‬‬ ‫‪~11~~~11115 /~~0‬‬
‫‪~11~~~111(3) 011~111~111~11-011, (00‬‬

‫‪1/1~ (113)(111111111‬‬
‫‪111~.‬‬ ‫~~~‪0~1~~111111~ 1/1~ ~0‬‬

‫~‪= (,/ + (_~ (.,) 011~111~~011011~11011 ~~~100, (~~ (~) 011~111‬‬

‫‪111~11-011(0.. = (5 + (,~ (()) 011~111~ 011-11111~, (0~ 3110 (~) 10131 3,,,~~3~~ ~0~~~ 1055~5, ~.,..‬‬
‫‪(1) ~1011/1~ 111513111311~0115~0~~~ 011~ 10 1/1~ ~011~~10~ ~11~~~111, ~0(/).‬‬

‫= ~‪11111~110111~111~~~3111~~ 011/1~ 01~013~ 1~31181510~ 111~~00. 13-3 15 1‬‬

‫‪1500~ 3110 1/1~ 311101~111 1~111~~~3111~~ 15 1~ = 250~.‬‬ ‫~~‪111/1~ 1/1~~11131 ~~5151311~~5 3‬‬
‫~‪1055 011~ 10 1/1~ ~011~~10‬‬

‫~~‪8.~~ = 0.40‬‬ ‫‪3110 8.~5 = 0.0500~,‬‬ ‫‪~31~11131~1/1~ (3) 1/1~~11131~~5151311~~01 /1~31‬‬

‫‪5111/(, 8.5~~ 3110 (.,) 5~~0110 0~~3/(00~11‬‬ ‫~‪0~~31111~ 13~10~. (1//1/(.. ~~~1~~11/1‬‬ ‫~~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1058‬‬
‫)‪011~ 10 035~ 0~1,,,~.‬‬
‫‪13-5.‬‬ ‫‪~0~ 1/1~ ~3~3111~1~~5111 ~~001~11113-3,‬‬ ‫~~~‪~31~11131~ 1/1~ 3,,,~~3~~ ~0‬‬ ‫~‪1055 011~ 10 1/1~ 035‬‬
‫‪~11~~~111, ~ 8.‬‬
‫‪13-6.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~31 ~~00. 13-311 ~8~(,3,) = 2.3~, /8 = 8~, ~~~(,3,) = 1.4 ~, (,/‬‬
‫‪0.45‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪5, (5 = 3.2‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪5, 3110 (, = 1.1 5.‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫= ‪= 0.1 5,‬‬
‫_(‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~~~‪13-7. ~111~-~05~~11‬‬ ‫~‪1~~240 ~11/10313 5/1~~1111~1~. 13-2915 115~0 35 3 5~11~/1. 1/1‬‬
‫)‪3~~ ~1)1) = 40 ~, /1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~3~3111~1~~5‬‬
‫‪= 35 ~, 8.1)5 = 28 1110, ~05 = 10~, (,/(00) = 25‬‬
‫_(‬
‫‪115,‬‬ ‫~~‪60 115, (,/(0..) = 70 118, (, = 25 115, /5 = 20 /(1-12. 1/1~ 0~3111-5011~~~ 1~3/(3‬‬
‫‪~11~~~11115‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪/1)55 = 250‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫(‪1/1~ 0111~ ~~~1~ 15 /‬‬
‫‪= 60%.‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~111111~ 1/1~ ~0~~~ 1055‬‬
‫‪011~ 10 1/1~ 0~3111 ~11~~~111 (3) 011~111~ 111~11-011(00‬‬
‫‪= (,/(0) + (_~ (.,) 011~111~ ~011011~11011‬‬
‫‪~~~100, (~~ (~) 011~111~ 111~11-011, (0.. = (,/(0..) + (/~ (()) 011~111~ 011-11111~, (0~ 3110 (~) 10131‬‬
‫‪3,,,~~3~~ ~0~~~ 1055~5, ~7.‬‬
‫‪13-8.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫~~‪(113)(111111111 11111~11011 1~111~~~3111‬‬ ‫~‪011/1‬‬ ‫‪~05~~1111‬‬ ‫‪~~00.‬‬ ‫‪13-7‬‬ ‫~‪15 1‬‬ ‫~‪= 1500‬‬
‫‪3110‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫‪311101~111‬‬ ‫~~‪1~111~~~3111‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫~‪1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪300~.‬‬ ‫~‪111/1‬‬ ‫‪1/1.~~11131 ~~5151311~~5‬‬ ‫~~‪3‬‬ ‫~~‪8.‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪101(/~,‬‬ ‫‪3110 8.~5 = 10~,‬‬ ‫‪~31~11131~ 1/1~ 1/1~~11131~~5151311~~ 01/1~315111/(,‬‬ ‫‪8.5~.‬‬ ‫~~‪(~01‬‬
‫(‪01‬‬ ‫‪0~ + 273).‬‬
‫=‬

‫‪466‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪13-9.‬‬ ‫~‪~ 01()01~111~11515101 010‬‬ ‫~)‪1~()~ 1)671‬‬ ‫‪15 115~0 ~ ~110()()~1 5~11~11101 ~ 1~51511.,,~ 10~0.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~011~~101 ~1111~111 15 /~ = 80 ~ ~1 ~ 101~~0‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪01 ~/ = 50. 11 111~ )1111~11011‬‬
‫‪(()) ~ 8.0(5.1)~ (~) 111111-011 11111~,‬‬
‫~)‪1~111()~1~1111~ 15 1) = 1500~, ~~1~111~1~ 111~ (3) ~ ~.0(5.1‬‬
‫~‪011.,,~ 111~ 11~1151510111110 5~1111~11011, /8‬‬
‫‪(00~ (/1) 111111-01111111~, (0((~ (~) 0~5~ ~1111~11110‬‬
‫‪~110 (1) 0.,,~1011.,,~ 1~~101, 01)~.‬‬
‫‪13-10.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~5~ 011.,,~ ~11~1111111‬‬ ‫‪~~~ = 4 0, ~,/1 = 3.6~, ~,/2‬‬
‫‪~1~. 13-1911~5 ~~~ = 400~,‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪0.9‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫=)‪~8.0(5.1‬‬ ‫‪0.7‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪~8‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪~8‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫‪0,‬‬ ‫~‪~110~ = 12. ~~1~111~1~111‬‬
‫))((‬
‫~~‪(3) ~011~~101 ~1111~111 ~11110111 ~1~111()111‬‬ ‫‪~011~~101 ~1~111()111~.,,011~~~,‬‬ ‫‪~ ~6‬‬ ‫)~( ‪~110‬‬

‫‪~011~~101 ~1111~111 ~1111 ~1~111()111~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪13-11.‬‬ ‫~)(~‪~11 1~-~05~~11‬‬ ‫‪1~~2,40‬‬ ‫~‪15 0()~1~1~0 ~5 ~ 5~11~11. 111~ )1111~110111~111()~1~1111‬‬
‫‪15 1) = 1500~ ~1 ~ ~~5~ 1~111()~1~1111~ 01 1 ~ = 950~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~~1~-10-50111~~ .,,011~~~ 15‬‬
‫= )‪~ 0$ = 10 ~. 111~ 0~ 511()()1~.,,011~~~ 15 ~ 1)1‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪1)~1~1111111~ 111~ (3) 111~)(111111111‬‬
‫‪(()) 111~)(111111111()0~~1‬‬ ‫‪01551()~11011,‬‬ ‫~‪111) ~ (~) 011-51~1‬‬ ‫‪1~5151-‬‬
‫‪~0111111110115 01~111 ~1111~111,‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫)‪1‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪~11~~, ~1)$~ (/1) ~~1~ .,,011~~~ 0.,,~1011.,,~ 1~~101, 01)~~ (~) 011-51~1~ 01 5~1111~11011 .,,011~~~,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~ 1)$~ ~110 (1) ~~1~ ()0~~11055~5‬‬ ‫‪11111~ ~05~~115‬‬ ‫‪0()~1~1~0 ~1 ~ 11~().11~11~~ 0120 /(1-12.‬‬
‫‪13-12.‬‬ ‫‪1~0 8115 ~1~ ~01111~~1~0 111()~1~11~1 5111111~110 ~1~. 13-33.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 101~110~0 ~1111~111 01‬‬
‫‪/, = 200~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~011~~101-~111111~1 .,,011~~~ 0111~11515101 (2. 15 ~~.01 = 1.5 ~ ~110‬‬
‫‪111~1 0111~11515101 (22 15 ~~.02 = 1.1~.‬‬ ‫‪1)~1~1111111~ 111~ ~011~~101 ~1111~111 01 ~~~11‬‬
‫‪11~11515101 ~110 0111~1~11~~ 111 ~1111~111 511~1111~ 11111~ ~1111~111 511~1111~ 5~11~5 1~5151~11~~5‬‬
‫‪(()) ~_1‬‬
‫‪~1~ (3) ~_1 = 10 1110 ~110 ~_2 = 20 1110, ~110‬‬ ‫‪= ~_2 = 20 1110.‬‬
‫‪13-13.‬‬ ‫‪~ 01()01~1 11~11515101 15 0()~1~1~0 ~5 ~110()()~1 5~11~11 ~1 ~ 11~().11~11~~ 01/,‬‬ ‫‪= 20 /(1-12.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~11~1111~11~11~~111~11115 5110~11111 ~1~. 13-36~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~ 111()111.,,011~~~ 01111~ ~110()()~1‬‬
‫‪15 ~, = 400 ~ ~110 111~ 10~0 ~111~11115 /1.. = 100~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5~11~11111~ 11111~5~1~ (, = 1‬‬
‫‪(()) ~,~ (~) ~, 101 ~1111~~11~ 0~111()~0‬‬
‫~‪, ,5 ~110 (/ = 3 , ,5. 1)~1~1111111~ 111~ .,,~111~5 01 (3) 1.,,‬‬
‫)~( ~‪~0110111011~ (/1) ~, 11111~ 015~11~1~~ 11111~15 1111111~010 011~-111110 015~11~11111~ ()~1100‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪13-14.‬‬
‫~‪~, 11 ()~~/( 015~11~1~~ ~1111~11115 1111111~010 5 % 0110~0 ~1111~111~ ~110 (1) ()0~~1 1055 011‬‬
‫‪10 ~~ 5111100~1, 11__ 11~~1~~1111~ 111~ ~11~~1 01111011~101 1.,, 011 111~ .,,011~~~ 01 5111100~1‬‬
‫‪~~()~~1101,‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪~05~~115‬‬
‫‪~,.‬‬ ‫‪~5511111~ ~(~.0(5.1) = 0.‬‬
‫‪0()~1~1~0‬‬ ‫‪~5 ~110()()~1‬‬
‫‪~11~1111~11~11~~111~111 15 5110~11 111~1~.‬‬
‫‪15 ~5 = 30 ~ ~110 111~ 10~0 ~1111~11115 /1.. = 40~.‬‬
‫‪5~11~11‬‬
‫‪13-36~.‬‬
‫~~‪~1 ~ 11~().11~11‬‬ ‫‪011,‬‬ ‫~‪= 50 /(1-12. 111‬‬
‫‪111~ 0~ 111()111.,,011~~~ 01111~ ~110()()~1‬‬
‫‪111~ 5~11~11111~11111~5~1~ (, = 60‬‬
‫‪(()) ~,~ (~) ~, 101 ~1111~~11~ 0~111()~0‬‬
‫~‪115 ~110 (/ = 25 115. 1)~1~1111111~ 111~ .,,~111~5 01 (3) 1.,,‬‬
‫)~( ~‪~0110111011~ (/1) ~, 11111~ 015~11~1~~ 11111~15 1111111~010 011~-111110 015~11~11111~ ()~1100‬‬
‫~‪~5 11 ()~~/( 015~11~1~~ ~1111~11115 1111111~010 5 % 0110~0 ~1111~111~ ~110 (1) ()0~~1 1055 011‬‬
‫‪10 ~~ 5111100~1, 11,, 11~~1~~1111~ 111~ ~11~~1 01111011~101 1.,, 011 111~ .,,011~~~ 01 5111100~1‬‬
‫‪~~()~~1101, ~5.‬‬ ‫‪~5511111~ ~ ~.0(5.1) = 0.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪467‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪14‬‬

‫~(‪3‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪35 10~31‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~))‪~ 111)1(1510( 15 111~ 1110511111))0(131111)1‬‬
‫‪~)(1~1151~~1)1‬‬
‫‪5~11~11~5‬‬
‫(~~‪115~0 111 ))0‬‬
‫~‪1(0111 11011~011011~1111~ 5131‬‬
‫(~~‪0))111~111 01 ))0‬‬
‫‪5~11~11~5,‬‬
‫‪~011~~(51011‬‬
‫‪111~ ))(3~11~31‬‬
‫~‪~1~~1(0111‬‬
‫(~~‪01 ))0‬‬ ‫(‪5~1111~011011~10‬‬
‫‪~1(~11115.‬‬
‫‪10 ~011011~1111~ 5131~.‬‬
‫(~‪1~~11111~11~5 111 ~3(11‬‬
‫‪111)1(1510(5‬‬
‫‪111~)1‬‬

‫‪~113))1~(5,‬‬
‫‪~)(111011 ~~(13111‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬
‫‪0~~1~~5.‬‬
‫‪0))~(31~0‬‬
‫(‪~1111011~1110‬‬
‫‪111)1(1510(5‬‬
‫‪~113(3~1~(156~5‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬
‫‪111)1(1510(5‬‬
‫~‪35 0151301‬‬
‫‪111~ 0~~~1-‬‬
‫‪35511111~0‬‬
‫‪3110 111111-‬‬
‫‪1360115.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‬ ‫(‪111)1(1510‬‬ ‫(~‪15 3 1011(-13)1‬‬ ‫(‪5~1111~011011~10‬‬ ‫~~‪0~~1‬‬ ‫~(‪01 ~11~11-51(11~111‬‬ ‫‪~1111 111(~~ ~11-‬‬
‫‪)1111~110115.‬‬ ‫‪11 1135 111(~~ 1~(111111315~ 31100~,‬‬ ‫‪~311100~,‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~31~.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~11‬‬ ‫‪14-1‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬
‫‪111~ 5~~1101131‬‬ ‫~~‪~1‬‬ ‫~~(‪01111‬‬ ‫‪~11-)1111~11005‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~ 5)1111001 01111)1(1510(.‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1510(5‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪1113111113~111(~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 01111151011.‬‬
‫‪~11~11‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 31100‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫~~‪15 ))0516‬‬ ‫‪~1111 (~5))~~110‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~311100~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ )1111~110115‬‬
‫~(‪11 3110 13 3‬‬ ‫‪10(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪0135~0.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪)1111~11011 12 15 (~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪0135~0,‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫~‪0111)1 111‬‬
‫~~‪1~3/(3‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111110~5‬‬ ‫~‪1(0111 31100‬‬ ‫‪10 ~311100~.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪15 111~11 5310‬‬ ‫‪10 0~ 111‬‬
‫‪111~ /0,.~(1,.0‬‬ ‫‪0/0~/(/118‬‬ ‫~(‪0( 0//-5((1‬‬ ‫~~‪~0110111011 3110 111~ 1~3/(3‬‬ ‫‪~11((~11115‬‬ ‫‪/(110~11‬‬ ‫‪35 0//-‬‬

‫‪468‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪,. ,.,,0~9‬‬

‫‪~.)1‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪,,‬‬
‫‪(3‬‬
‫‪~(3‬‬ ‫‪.)2‬‬
‫(‪/‬‬ ‫‪(3819‬‬ ‫‪~.)3‬‬
‫‪,,‬‬
‫‪..1~(1..~ 14-1‬‬ ‫‪111(~~ /111-)1111((10115 8110‬‬
‫(‪/‬‬ ‫‪~81~0~9‬‬ ‫(‪(11~(15(0‬‬ ‫‪5~(11001.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪5((1(~ ~/./1,.~11(,‬‬ ‫‪1().‬‬ ‫~‪1~ 111~(11100~-10-~(111100~ ~011(1~~, ~ ,4/(, 15111~(~(15~0 10 (1511~11~1~1111‬‬
‫‪1(1(~~ ~(1111~, 111~ (~~~(5~-01(15~0‬‬ ‫‪)1111~1101112‬‬ ‫‪~111 0(~(1~.‬‬ ‫‪11115 15 ~110~11‬‬ ‫~‪(15 (11,)(1/(111~/1.‬‬
‫‪0,.~(1/(0.011/11‬‬ ‫~‪(1110 111~ ~0((~5~0110111‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪15 ~(111~0 /0,.11/(1,.0.‬‬ ‫‪0,.~(1/(0.011/11‬‬ ‫‪1,)0/((18~,‬‬
‫‪~ 80.‬‬ ‫‪5111~~ 111~ 0111~( )1111~11011511‬‬ ‫‪(111013‬‬ ‫~‪(1(~ (11(~(10‬‬ ‫‪~0(~(1(0‬‬ ‫‪01(15~0,‬‬ ‫~‪111~(~ ~111 0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~(~‬ ‫‪1110~~111~111 0~ ~(1((1~(5‬‬ ‫‪(1~(055‬‬ ‫~~(‪(111 111‬‬ ‫~~(‪)1111~110115, (~51111111~ 111 1(1‬‬ ‫‪~0(~(1(0‬‬
‫~‪(11100‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪0~~1‬‬ ‫~‪~111 111~11 0‬‬ ‫‪111 (1 ~0110././.~(/118‬‬ ‫(‪5((1(~ 0‬‬ ‫‪011-5((1(~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪0(0‬‬ ‫‪~01110‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪011~ 10 111~ 0111111~ 0(0‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ ~011( 1(1~~(5‬‬ ‫‪(1110 11 15 5111(111,‬‬
‫‪1~~1~(111~,‬‬ ‫‪1 ~.‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ 011-51(11~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ (11100~ ~11((~11115‬‬ ‫‪1111111~0 0~ 111~ ~)(1~(11(111111~~0-‬‬
‫(‪(111~~ 0‬‬ ‫‪(~5151(111~~,‬‬ ‫‪~~,‬‬ ‫‪(15 5110~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪14-2(1.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~(‪(11100~ ~11((~1111111151 0~ 1110‬‬
‫‪111(111 (1 ~(1111~ ~110~11‬‬ ‫‪(15 /(1(~/1./118 ~/./.,.,.~11(, 1~,‬‬ ‫‪10 111(11111(1111111~ (~()111(~0‬‬ ‫~‪(1111011111 0‬‬
‫‪~(1((1~(5‬‬ ‫~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪(1~(055‬‬ ‫‪111~ )1111~11011~ 0111~~15~,‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 0~~1‬‬ ‫‪~111 (~~~(110‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 010~~111‬‬
‫~‪~0110111011 (15 111~ (11100~-10-~(111100‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪15 (~011~~0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 7)-/‬‬ ‫‪~11(1((1~1~(1511~5‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪(1 111~(1510( 15 5110~11 111 ~1~. 14-20.‬‬
‫~~‪011‬‬ ‫(‪(1 111~(1510‬‬ ‫‪~011011~15,‬‬ ‫‪11 0~11(1~~5‬‬ ‫~‪11~~ (1 ~011011~1111~ 0100‬‬ ‫‪(1110 111~(~ 15 110‬‬

‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫(~~‪0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~~1~~.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 0~~1‬‬ ‫~‪~111 ~011111111~ 10 ~011011~1 0~~(1115‬‬ ‫‪111~(~ 15 110‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(~~‪0~~1~110111(1‬‬
‫‪1~ 111~ ~0(~(1(0‬‬
‫‪11/,‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~11011‬‬
‫‪0~ ~(1((1~(5‬‬
‫(~‪15 111 111~ 0(0‬‬
‫‪(~~1011‬‬
‫‪011111~ )1111~1101112 011~ 10 111~ ~(~~ 1110~~111~1115 0~ ~(1((1~(5.‬‬
‫‪(11100~ ~11((~11115 (~011~~0‬‬
‫‪~01110‬‬ ‫~‪0~~~10‬‬
‫(‪(1110 111~ 111~(1510‬‬
‫~‪0~10‬‬
‫‪(1(011110‬‬
‫‪(11~~~1 ~110~11 (15 111~ /1.0/0./118 ~/./.,.,.~11(,‬‬
‫‪)1111~1101112‬‬
‫‪~01110‬‬
‫‪011~ 10 111~ (~011~~0‬‬
‫~‪0~ 111 111~ 010~~111‬‬
‫(~‪11111110‬‬

‫‪0~ 1111111(1111~~(~5 (1110 15 1~55 111(111111~ 1(11~11111~ ~11((~111,‬‬

‫‪51(11~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬

‫‪11010111~ ~11((~111‬‬
‫‪1 ~.‬‬
‫‪~11~11‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~(111100‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫~~‪15 ~05111‬‬ ‫‪~1111 (~5~~~110‬‬ ‫‪111~ (11100~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ )1111~11011‬‬
‫‪12 15 ~0(~(1(0‬‬ ‫‪01(15~0‬‬ ‫‪(1110 )1111~11011511‬‬ ‫‪(111013‬‬ ‫~‪(1(~ (~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪01(15~0.‬‬ ‫‪11115 15 ~()111~(11~111‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪89~9~59‬‬
‫‪0~98/(~01(-/,,‬‬
‫‪~0~(899‬‬

‫‪58~. 14-2‬‬ ‫‪469‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪10 1~0 5~(1~5-~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫(‪0100~5 ~1111 (~~~(5~ ~0113/5~ 3~(055 111~01. 111~ 111)1(1510‬‬
‫~‪~111 0~ 10 111~ (~~~(5~ 010~~10/5 5131~ 300 3 (~~~(5~ 1~3~3/5~ ~0((~01 /(110~11 (/5 ,~.,,~,5‬‬
‫‪~/1,,~11(, 18., ~0010 110~ 111(00/511111~ 0~~1~~.‬‬
‫‪~111100/511 3 111)1(1510( ~30 0~ 10(0~0 00 0)1 10~(~3510/5 111~ 10(~3(0‬‬ ‫~‪~0113/5‬‬
‫‪0~)1000 ~80, 50~113 10(0-00 ~0010 0~ 0~51(0~6~~.‬‬ ‫‪10 ~(3~6~~, 111~ 10(~3(0‬‬ ‫~‪~0113/5‬‬
‫‪15 013101310~0‬‬ ‫~‪0~10‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪15 10(0~0‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪0)1 3~~1)110/5‬‬ ‫~~‪3 ~0516‬‬
‫‪~0113/5~ 0~1~~~0 111~ /531~ 300 111~ ~311100~.‬‬ ‫‪11115 15 5110~0 10 ~1/5. 14-20.‬‬ ‫‪00~~ 3‬‬
‫~‪111)1(1510( 15 100~0 00 0)1 3 /5360/5 51/5031 300 115 3000~ ~0((~01 15 /5(~31~( 11130 111‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1101010/5 ~0((~01, 111~ 0~~1~~ ~001100~5‬‬ ‫‪10 ~0000~1‬‬ ‫~~‪00~ 10 ~0516‬‬ ‫‪1~~003~~,‬‬ ‫‪~~~0 11‬‬
‫‪111~ /5360/5 51/503115 (~010~~0.‬‬

‫~‪14-3 ..,,,,,0-1~.4~5~510‬‬ ‫‪~0()~(.‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 1~~~~510‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~‪111~ (~/5~0~(36‬‬ ‫‪0( 131~1110/53~1100 00~ 10 ~05111~~ 1~~003~~ ~30 0~ 0~010051(31~0‬‬
‫(‪0)1 0510/5 3 1~0-1(3051510‬‬ ‫‪0100~ 0(111)1(1510(.‬‬ ‫‪~ 111)1(1510( ~30 0~ ~00510~(~0‬‬ ‫‪35 1~0‬‬
‫‪~001~1~01~013()11(3051510(5,‬‬ ‫‪00~ /111/1-1(3051510(, (21, 300 0111~( 11/111-1(3051510(, (22,‬‬
‫‪35 5110~0 10 ~1/5. 14-33.‬‬
‫(~‪111~ ~011~~10( ~0((~01, 1~, 01 3 111)1(1510( 15 (~131~0, 10 /5~0~(31, 10 111~ ~01111‬‬
‫~‪~0((~01, 15, 300 1~3~3/5~ ~0((~01 01111~ ~011~~10(-035‬‬ ‫‪)00~1100, 1~80, 35‬‬

‫‪1~ = 0.15 + 1~80‬‬ ‫)‪(14-1‬‬

‫‪300 111~ ~0111111011/)(/5~ ~/1,,~11( /5310 15 0~110~0 35 0. == 1~/15.‬‬ ‫‪~0( 1(3051510( (21,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~011~~10( ~0((~0115‬‬
‫~)‪1(001 ~~. (14-1‬‬
‫‪111~ 3000~ ~0((~01, 1~, 300 111~ ~011~~10( ~0((~01 ~30 0~ 10000‬‬

‫‪~11~(~ 0.1 15 111~ ~0((~01‬‬ ‫(‪/5310 300 1~801 15 111~ 1~3~3/5~ ~0((~0110‬‬ ‫‪(21.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬
‫)‪(14-2‬‬
‫(‪1(3051510‬‬
‫‪(22, 111~ ~011~~10( ~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪1~2 15‬‬

‫)‪(14-3‬‬

‫‪~8, = ~~2‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪.),‬‬ ‫‪02‬‬

‫‪~~(3‬‬ ‫‪.)2‬‬ ‫‪.)2‬‬

‫)(~~~‬ ‫‪~82‬‬
‫‪.)3‬‬
‫‪01‬‬

‫‪(3) 835~~ 51~()~1()~8‬‬ ‫‪(0) ~~()~~3~8~1 ~,~~()~1‬‬

‫~‪...)~0..‬‬ ‫‪14.3‬‬ ‫(‪1~0-1(3(151510‬‬ ‫‪((100~1 01 (0)1(1510(,‬‬

‫‪470‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪1.0‬‬

‫‪0.8‬‬

‫‪0.6‬‬

‫‪0.4‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0.2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪10-4‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~(~‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪~21$10‬‬ ‫~‪~1.1((~01 ~310 3001~13021$10‬‬ ‫(‪1~3~3~~ ~1.1((~0110‬‬ ‫‪(22.‬‬ ‫~‪)3~ ~0(001010‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪300 1~2 ~1~~$‬‬

‫) ‪(14-4‬‬

‫)‪(14-5‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(‪~1.1(~01 ~310, ~1 ~3(1~$ ~110 10~ ~(0111~( ~1.1((~011-4~ 300 ~2 ~3(1~$ ~110 1/‬‬
‫‪1-4 + 1(1. ~ 1~))1~31 ~3(131100 01 ~1.1((~01 ~310, ~, ~110 10~ ~(0111~( ~1.1((~01, 1/0,‬‬
‫‪1$ $00~0 10 ~1~. 14-4.‬‬ ‫‪1110~ ~31~ ~1.1(~01, 1(1, 1$ $1.100~01~ 10~(~3$~0, $3~ 1(0(0 0 10‬‬
‫(~‪1 (0~, 101$ ~01.110 1(0(0~0131~1~ 10~(~3$~ 3000~ ~1.1((~01, 1-4, ~01~0 ~01.110 11.1(10‬‬
‫‪10~(~3$~ ~1 300 ~2.‬‬ ‫‪~2 ~01.110 0~))~00 00 1-4 300 1(1. 10~ 10~(~3$~ 10 10~ ~311.1~$‬‬
‫‪01 ~1 300 ~2 ~01.110 11.1(10~( 10~(~3$~ 1-4. 10~(~10(~,‬‬ ‫~~‪10~(~ 1$ 3 (~~~0~(311‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬
‫~~‪))0$111~~ 1~~003‬‬ ‫‪~11~~1.‬‬ ‫(‪11 (~1 + ~2) 1~00$ 10 0~ 1.1011~, 10~ 0~00(010310‬‬ ‫‪01 ~()..‬‬
‫‪(14-5) 3))))(03~0~$‬‬ ‫~‪2~(0, (~$1.11110~ 10 3 13(~~ ~311.1~ 01 3000~ ~1.1((~01, 1-4, 300 10‬‬
‫‪10~(1$10( ~01.110 11.1(0 00 ~110 3 $(0311 ~31~ ~1.1((~01.‬‬
‫(~‪000‬‬ ‫‪1(30$1~01 ~00011100$, 10~ ~3))3~1130~~$ 0110~ 1111-)1.10~1100$, 3$ $00~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~. 14-5, ~11110111.1~0~~10~ ~03(3~1~(1$11~$ 0110~ 10~(1$10(.‬‬ ‫‪11 3 10~(1$10( 1$ 10‬‬
‫~‪3 010~~10‬‬ ‫‪$131~,‬‬ ‫~‪3 (3))101‬‬ ‫~‪(1$10‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪3))))11~0‬‬ ‫~‪3~(0$$10‬‬ ‫~~‪0~~1‬‬ ‫‪~01.110 ~31.1$~ 01~0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪~1.1((~01110‬‬ ‫‪10(01.1~0‬‬ ‫‪10~ )1.10~1100‬‬ ‫~‪~3))3~110($‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~1.1((~0110(01.1~0‬‬ ‫(‪~3))3~110‬‬ ‫‪~/2‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~)())(~$$~0‬‬ ‫‪3$‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫_‬ ‫)‪()(()12‬‬ ‫_‬ ‫‪~()( (~/2‬‬ ‫_‬ ‫‪()~/2‬‬ ‫‪()~12‬‬

‫)‪(14-6‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫()(‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪~)2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~/2‬‬ ‫()(‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~/2‬‬ ‫()(‬

‫~(~‪~0‬‬ ‫~~‪~/2 300 ~)2 3(~ 10~ ~3))3~1130‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~ 01 )1.10~110012,‬‬ ‫‪(~$))~~11~~1~.‬‬ ‫‪()/2‬‬
‫~~(‪1$ 10~ ~03‬‬ ‫‪10 10~ )1.10~1100.‬‬ ‫~‪1110‬‬ ‫~‪(31‬‬ ‫‪01 (1$~ 01 ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪()1)/()( 1$ 13(~~, 10~0 1/2‬‬

‫‪~01.110‬‬ ‫~~(‪0~ 13‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~~‪101$ ~01.110 (~$1.1111010~(~3$~01~3~3‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01$,‬‬ ‫‪1~1301 3001~1302.‬‬
‫~‪~~~0(010‬‬ ‫‪10 ~()..‬‬ ‫‪(14-5),‬‬ ‫‪01~0‬‬ ‫‪~001.1~0‬‬ ‫‪~311.1~$ 011~1301‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪1~1302 (03~ ~31.1$~ (~1 +‬‬

‫‪58~. 14-3‬‬ ‫‪471‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪..1~11..~ 14-5‬‬ ‫(‪1~0-1(31151510‬‬ ‫‪1(31151~111‬‬
‫~~‬
‫~‬ ‫‪(1100~1 0( 10)1(1510(.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪~2‬‬ ‫~‪10 1~110 10 111111~ 3110 ..~$1111$ 111 11110~$1..301‬‬ ‫~‪111..11 011 10‬‬ ‫‪10~..1$10...‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~..,‬‬
‫~~‪13..‬‬ ‫‪~3111~$ 0~ ~11‬‬ ‫‪~11110..011~011111~11011‬‬ ‫‪~3~3~110..$‬‬ ‫~~‪1113~ 31$0 031113‬‬ ‫‪10~ 0~~1~~.‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪10~..1$10..‬‬ ‫~‪~(111 0‬‬ ‫~‪111..11~0 011 0‬‬ ‫~‪111~..~(1$111~ 10‬‬ ‫~‪(11100‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬ ‫‪~111.‬‬ ‫‪101$‬‬ ‫~‪~(111 0‬‬ ‫‪(1~-‬‬
‫‪~0111~11$0~0‬‬ ‫~‪111 011~ 0~ 10~ ~0110~111‬‬ ‫‪~(1~$.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪,..~8‬‬

‫~‪101$111~..~(1$‬‬
‫‪(1~11011, (~1‬‬
‫~~~‪1‬‬
‫‪,,8/5.‬‬
‫~‪111 10~ 11111110~.. 0~ ~1~~1..011-001‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫‪111~11‬‬
‫)‪~2‬‬
‫‪1~ 10~ 1~111~~..(1111..~ 0~ (110~..1$10..1$01~0,‬‬

‫‪~111 ~01110‬‬
‫‪~(11..$, ~01~0‬‬ ‫‪~01110‬‬
‫‪~(111$~ ~1 (1110 ~2 10111~..~(1$~.‬‬
‫‪1113~ 1~110 10 0~ 111111~ (1110 10~ 10~..1$10..‬‬
‫‪0~ 111..11-011 111(1~ ~(111$~ 10~..111(11 ..1111(1~(1~ (1110 1$ 110..111(111~ (1~010~0.‬‬
‫~‪10~..‬‬ ‫~‪~111 0~ (111111~..~3$‬‬
‫~~‪111~..~(1$~ 10~ 1~(1~(1‬‬

‫~~‪1)11~ 1010~ ..~~~11~..(111‬‬

‫‪111(1~ 0~ 111..11~0 011.‬‬ ‫‪101$‬‬
‫‪~11‬‬ ‫‪~111$.‬‬

‫‪9~~.‬‬ ‫‪1~ 11~011$‬‬ ‫‪(1110~~0‬‬ ‫‪10 $1..1~~ 10~ 11111~11011$ 0~ (1 10~..1$10..,‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~1~~1..011-‬‬
‫~‪001‬‬ ‫~~‪~(11..$ ~111111~..~(1$‬‬ ‫‪(1110 10~ 10~..1$10..‬‬ ‫‪1113~ 0~ 111..11~0 011.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪11~01-3~11~(11~0‬‬
‫‪10~..1$10..$‬‬ ‫‪(1..~ 111..11~0 011 0~ (1110~111~ 11~01 10 $1..1~~ 10~ $111~011 ~3~~...‬‬

‫~‪~.9‬‬ ‫‪~0/~898.‬‬ ‫‪1~ 10~ ~0..~(1..0‬‬ ‫~‪(11100~-10-~(11000‬‬ ‫~‪~011(1~~ 1$ ~..~(11~.. 10(111 10‬‬
‫‪~0..~(1..0‬‬ ‫‪0..~(1~00~11‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫~‪~ 80, (1 $11~~1~1~111 1~(1~(1~~ ~11 ~111 ~111 50‬‬ ‫~‪10 111111(11‬‬
‫~~‪..~~~11~..(111‬‬ ‫‪111..11-011.‬‬ ‫~~‪101$ 1~~~ 0~ 111..11-011 111(1~ 0~ 0~$1..11~11‬‬ ‫~‪(1110 $001110 0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(1~010~0.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(/.,/(/1,‬‬ ‫‪11 ~(111 0~ 11011~~0 ~..0111 ~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(14-6‬‬ ‫~‪10(111110‬‬ ‫~‪..(11~ 0~ ..1$~ 0110‬‬ ‫‪(11100~-‬‬
‫~‪~(11000‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪1$ 01~0,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~0(1..~111‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬ ‫~‪~111 0~ 10‬‬ ‫~~‪~(1~(1~111‬‬ ‫~‪11111~11011$ 111(1~ 0‬‬
‫‪$11111~1~111 ~11011~010‬‬ ‫‪111..11 011 10~ 10~..1$10...‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪01~0‬‬ ‫~‪~(1111~ 01 ~0(1..~111‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬ ‫~‪~111111(1‬‬
‫~‪0(1111(1~~ 10‬‬ ‫‪10~..1$10..‬‬ ‫~‪(1110 10‬‬ ‫~~‪0~~1‬‬ ‫‪11111$1 0~ ~..01~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪(1~(1111$1 01~0‬‬ ‫‪0.1)/0.(.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫~~‪111(11111~(1~111..~..$$~~~1‬‬ ‫‪10~ 111(1~111111111.‬‬
‫~‪(1110~(101‬‬ ‫‪0.1)/0.( 0110~..1$10..$.‬‬

‫‪~8~8‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪8 ~.‬‬ ‫‪11 (1 10~..1$10.. 1$ 10..~(1..0 0(1$~0, 10~ 1111~~1101101 ~(11~ ~11 ~111‬‬
‫‪0~ (1~~1~111~ ~0$111~~ ~31~ ~011(1~~ 0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫~‪10~ ~(11~ (1110 ~(11000‬‬ ‫‪1~..111111(11$‬‬
‫‪~01110‬‬

‫‪472‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪11.1(0-00111~ 111)1(1810(. ~8111~ ~31~ ~1.1((~011810~(~38~0,‬‬ ‫‪111~10(~3(0‬‬ ‫~~‪010~~10~ ~0113‬‬
‫‪18 0~~(~38~0‬‬ ‫‪38 8110~0 10 ~1~. 14-6.‬‬
‫‪~1~1.1(~ 14-7 8110~8 111~ ~3~~10(01‬‬ ‫~‪01111~ 3000‬‬ ‫~‪~1.1((~01, 10110~10‬‬ ‫‪111~ 3~~11-‬‬
‫‪~31100 01 ~31~ 81~031. 111~(~ 18 3 1101~ 0~13)1 ~00~0‬‬ ‫‪38 (/1711-011 (1111~, (00., 0~1~~~0‬‬
‫‪111~ 3~~11~31100 01 ~31~ 81~031 300 111~ ~0001.1~1100 013 111()11810(. (00. 18 0~110~0 38‬‬
‫~‪111~ 1101~ 101~(~31 0~1~~~0 10% 0181~30)1-8131~ ~31~ ~1.1((~01 (0.11(1) 300 90% 01111‬‬
‫‪81~30)1-8131~ 111)1(1810( 00-8131~ ~1.1((~01 (0.91,,).‬‬ ‫‪(00. 18 111~ 81.10101 (/~/(1)1 (1111~,((/, 300‬‬
‫)‪715~ (1111~,(.. ((/18 0~110~0 38 111~ 1101~ 101~(~31 0~1~~~0 10% 01 ~31~ ~1.1((~01 (0.11(1‬‬
‫‪30010%‬‬ ‫‪01111)1(1810( 00-8131~ ~1.1((~01 (6~11,,).‬‬ ‫~‪(.18111~ 1101~ (~~1.11(~010( 111~ 3000‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~01 10 (18~ 1(001 10% 01 00-8131~ ~1.1((~01 (0.11,,) 10 90% 01 00-8131~ ~1.1((~01‬‬
‫‪(0.91,,).‬‬ ‫‪111~8~ 1101~8 3(~ 0~~1~1~0 10 ~1~. 14-7.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪111~ 10110~10‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬

‫‪2.‬‬
‫‪0111~(~18~,‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫~‪1101.101.18 ~3110‬‬
‫~‪~1111‬‬
‫~‪~31‬‬
‫‪81~031‬‬

‫(‪111~ 111)1(1810‬‬
‫‪~01018‬‬

‫‪81~031‬‬
‫‪~01.110‬‬
‫(‪111~ 111)1(1810‬‬
‫‪81101.110 0~ ~00810~(~010‬‬

‫‪~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ (~010~~0‬‬

‫~‪10~(~38‬‬

‫‪013)11311‬‬
‫(~‪311‬‬
‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬
‫‪18 (~~~(8~0‬‬ ‫‪0138~0,‬‬
‫~‪01.1~ 10 10~(~38‬‬
‫~‪0~81~010‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~31~ ~001(01‬‬

‫‪111~ 111)1(1810( 18 11.1(0~0‬‬

‫~‪1088 10 111~ ~31‬‬
‫~(~‪111‬‬
‫~~‪1~3~3‬‬
‫‪00.‬‬
‫‪)1.10~1100.‬‬
‫~‪81101.110 0‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~01.‬‬
‫‪00‬‬ ‫~‪~31‬‬
‫~‪~1(~1.111‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪~00-‬‬

‫~‪81~031‬‬

‫‪~,‬‬
‫‪~, - - - - - - -‬‬
‫‪0.9~, - - - - - - - -‬‬

‫‪0.1~, - - - -‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0.1~(3‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪~~~.‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪100‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪473‬‬
‫‪58~. 14-4‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪3.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~10111 01 ~31‬‬ ‫‪.,1118~, (0,‬‬ ‫(~~‪11111810~ 1011‬‬ ‫‪111311 111~ 11111~ (~()111(~0‬‬ ‫~‪10( 111‬‬
‫~‪31100‬‬ ‫‪~11((~11110‬‬ ‫‪(18~ 10 111~ 11010111~ ~11((~111 ~3111~.‬‬ ‫‪111 .,(3~11~~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ .,1118~ ~10111,‬‬
‫‪(0,‬‬ ‫~‪18 110(111311)111130‬‬ ‫~‪1110(~ 111311 111~ 111(11-011 11111~ 01111‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1810(,‬‬ ‫‪(011.‬‬

‫~)‪~,.301.,‬‬ ‫‪14-1‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪0010111~ ~11((~111 0110~(1810(8‬‬ ‫‪11110~ 8111~1~-~0~8~ 11111~011.,,~(1~( 01 ~1~. 14-3~ 18 ///‬‬
‫‪= 500 01~ ~110 10~ 0~1~~ 601~ 18 (,) = 1.5 ).1.8. 10~ ~011.,,~((~( 18 811~~11~0 1(0111 ~ 120-‬‬
‫‪~ 60-1-12 811~~1~ ~110 0~8 ~ 10~0 011.‬‬ ‫‪= 10 1111-1~110 ~ = 10 0.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~011.,,~(1~( 18‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~ ‪011~(~(~0 ~1(0 ~ 0~1~~ ~11~1~ 01‬‬
‫‪= 300. 0~(~(111111~ (0~ 111111111111111‬‬ ‫~‪.,,~111~ 01 ~~1~ ~1118‬‬
‫‪~10(0, (0.‬‬

‫‪80)111100‬‬ ‫‪///‬‬ ‫)‪= 500 111~ = 0.5 ~, (,‬‬

‫~ ‪= 1.5 ).1.8, ~ = 300 = 70/6, 1. = 10 1111-1,~110‬‬
‫‪= 10 0.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫)((‪1118(~11(~11~0118 .,,~111~ 01(0~ 111~11(.,,011~~~ 18 11‬‬ ‫~(~‪())(, ~0‬‬
‫‪)( 120‬‬ ‫‪= ~,,, 8111‬‬ ‫‪~,,,‬‬
‫‪= -0‬‬ ‫‪= 169.7~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~( ())( = ~,‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪~1 = 11(())( = ~) = 169.7‬‬ ‫~‪8111‬‬
‫~ ‪6 = 84.85‬‬

‫~‬
‫= (‪0.‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪84.85‬‬
‫‪1. = 10)( 10-3 = 8485 ~/8‬‬
‫‪110.//0.( 18 ~8811111~0 ~0118(~11(10( ~ 800(( 6111~ ~1(~( 10~ ~~(~ ((1~~~(111~, (0~ 6111~ (~~111(~0‬‬
‫‪10( (0~ ~1100~ ~11((~111 (0 (18~ 10 10~ 1~.,,~1 010010111~ ~11((~111, (1, 18 ~~1~111~1~0 1(0111 (1‬‬
‫)(‪)( (0.//0.‬‬ ‫() ‪0( (1‬‬
‫=‬‫‪///‬‬ ‫‪8485‬‬ ‫‪= 0.5 ~1101018 ~1.,,~8(1 = 0.5/8485‬‬ ‫‪= 58.93 ).1.8. 10~(~10(~,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~)‪~,.301.,‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪111111111111111~1010‬‬

‫‪14-2‬‬
‫~‪01 ~~1‬‬

‫‪(0‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪~1118~ 18‬‬

‫‪(1 + (,) = 58.93‬‬ ‫‪+ 1.5 = 60.43 ).1.8‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~11~11~~ 01 (~.,,~(8~-01~8~0‬‬ ‫(‪)1111~6011 12 111 ~ 10~(1810‬‬ ‫‪18 ~12 = 20 ~~ ~110 ~~11‬‬
‫‪0~ ~8811111~0 10 0~ 1110~~~110~111 0110~ 011-81~1~ .,,011~~~.‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 111111611~.,,~111~ 01 ~0~(~111‬‬
‫‪~11((~11110 111(11011 10~ 10~(1810( 18 16 111~. 0~1~(111111~ (0~ ~(16~~1 .,,~111~ 010.11/0.(.‬‬

‫‪80)111100‬‬ ‫‪~/2‬‬ ‫‪= 20 ~~ ~110 /12 = 16 111~. 5111~~0.(~12)/0.( = 0, ~~ ~~1111110 10~ ~(111~~1‬‬
‫‪.,,~111~ 010.11/0.( 1(0111 ~~.‬‬ ‫~)‪(14-6‬‬

‫()‬
‫‪0.11‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬

‫(‪0.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~12‬‬

‫=‬ ‫()‪20‬‬ ‫‪10-12‬‬ ‫‪= 800~/).1.8‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‬ ‫(‪111)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪(~()111(~8‬‬ ‫‪3 111111111111111‬‬

‫‪11111~ 10 8.,(~30‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~11((~111 ~011011~11011‬‬ ‫‪1111/10(111)1‬‬
‫~‪111(011~110111111‬‬ ‫‪)1111~110118.‬‬ ‫~‪11111~ (31~ 01 (18~ 01 31100‬‬ ‫‪~11((~11118‬‬ ‫‪~~()11381‬‬ ‫‪~0111.,3(~0‬‬
‫~‪10 111~ 8.,(~30111‬‬ ‫‪~~10~11)1‬‬ ‫‪01 3 111(11-011 .,(0~~88,‬‬ ‫‪10~3112~0‬‬ ‫‪..1101-8.,01,,‬‬‫‪0~31111~ ~111‬‬
‫(‪0~~11‬‬ ‫‪011~ 10 01~0‬‬ ‫~~‪~11((~111 0~11811)1 3110 10~ 0~~1‬‬ ‫‪1113)11311,‬‬ ‫~~‪38 3 (~81111 01 ~)(~~881‬‬
‫‪1~111.,~(3111(~.‬‬
‫~‪111 10‬‬ ‫(~‪~3(11‬‬ ‫‪~03.,1~(8‬‬ ‫‪11 038‬‬ ‫‪0~~11‬‬ ‫‪38811111~0‬‬ ‫‪1031‬‬ ‫(‪3 10)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪~311 111(11 011‬‬
‫~‪111813111311~01181)1 3110 038 110 0.//0.( 1111111. 1311110‬‬ ‫‪.,(3~11~31‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~8‬‬ ‫‪11111810~ .,(01~~1~0‬‬

‫‪474‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪,1‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪3~31051 01~0 0,1/0,(. ~5 30 ~)(3111))1~, 1~1 115 ~00510~( 10~ ~00))))~( ~1(~1111 10 ~1~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪7-17.‬‬ ‫(~‪000‬‬ ‫‪51~(0)1-5131~ 0))~(31100, 1)/11 ~00011~15 ~0~0 10)1(1510( 1115011.‬‬ ‫‪1111‬‬
‫~‪15 11(~0 ~0~0 1)/11 15 51111~00011~110~, 0,1/0,( ~30 0~ ~~()1 01~0 300 1111111~0001)1 0)110‬‬
‫‪51(3)110011~130~~ 0110~ ~1(~1111. ~0~0‬‬ ‫‪11 15 00 300 12 15 11(~0 10 111(0-01111,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪015~03(~10~ ~11((~01 01 10~ ~011111111131100~3))3~110(, ~, 15 1111111~00)1 10~ 51(3)1 10-‬‬
‫‪011~130~~ 0110~ 100)) 10(111~0 0)111, 12, 300~.‬‬ ‫‪1015 (~~~(5~ 0,1/0,( 0110)1(1510( ~01110‬‬
‫‪3150 0~ ~~()1 01~0.‬‬
‫‪10 ))(3~11~~, 10~ 0,1/0,( 15 1111111~00)1 30010~ 3 5~(1~5 10011~10(, 1-,, 35 500~0 10‬‬
‫‪~1~. 14-8.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪10(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪0,1/0,( 15‬‬

‫‪0,1‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬
‫=‬ ‫)‪(14-7‬‬
‫(‪0,‬‬
‫‪1-5‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~(~‪~0‬‬
‫‪0,1/0,( 15‬‬
‫~‪1-5 15 10‬‬ ‫‪5~(1~5‬‬ ‫‪10011~130~~,‬‬ ‫~‪10~111010‬‬ ‫‪(0)1‬‬ ‫‪51(3)1‬‬ ‫‪10011~130~~.‬‬

‫)‪(14-8‬‬

‫~(~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1-/1115 10~ (~~~(5~ 0,1/0,( 111111110~10011~130~~ 300 ~0 15 10~ ~011111111131100~3-‬‬

‫‪))3~110( ~0113~~.‬‬ ‫‪~0( ~5 = 300 ~ 300 10(~3(0 0,1/0,( = 100 ~//-/-5, 10~ (~~111(~0‬‬
‫‪~3111~ 01111111110~ 10011~130~~ 15 1-5 = ~/(0,1/0,() = 300/(100‬‬ ‫‪10-6) = 3 /-/-1-1.‬‬
‫()‬

‫‪011~ 10 (~~~(5~ (~~0~~()111111~, (77, 010100~ 1)/11, 10~ ~)(~~55 ~0~(~)1, ~01~0 ~111‬‬
‫‪0~ 510(~0 10 10011~10( 1-5, ~30 0~ 0~1~(11110~0 1(0111 ~~. (12-15) 0)1 (~))13~10~ /0 ~110‬‬
‫‪//11. 1015 ~0~(~)11111151 0~ 3050(0~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 ~3))3~110( ~2, ~01~015 ~000~~1~0 3~(055 0100‬‬
‫‪1)/11 35 500~0 10 ~1~. 14-8.‬‬ ‫‪~0( 3 1030 ~11((~01 01 //11, ~~. (12-15) ~30 0~ 3))))11~0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪10 ~31~11131~ 10~ ~)(~~55 ~0~(~)1, ~01~0 ~111 0~ 510(~0 10 10011~10( 1-/11 011~ 10 10‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(~~~(5~ (~~0~~()111111~, (77, 0110)1(1510( 11,‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪_ 1‬‬ ‫‪(77‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫~~‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪21-/11‬‬
‫‪(( //11 +‬‬ ‫‪1-/11‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪//11‬‬
‫)‬
‫)‪(14-9‬‬

‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪1015 ~0~(~)11111151‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪3050(0~0‬‬ ‫(‪0)1 ~3))3~110‬‬ ‫‪~1 ~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪3~(055‬‬ ‫‪11 35 500~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~. 14-8.‬‬
‫‪10~ ~11~~15 01 (~~~(5~ (~~0~~()1 11111~0110)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫(‪300 0100~5 00 10~ 0,1/0,‬‬
‫~‪10011~10(5 5001110 0~ 30(1)12~0, ~5))~~1311)1 31 01~0 ~11((~01 1~~~1. 10~ 3))))(0))(131‬‬

‫‪58~. 14-5‬‬ ‫‪475‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪~3111~5 0( ~0~(~~-3050(010‬‬ ‫‪~3~3~110(5‬‬ ‫‪3~(055‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫‪51101110 0~ 0~1~(11110~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫~~‪1111111111~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪51(~55‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫~‪011~ 10 5~11~1110‬‬ ‫‪1(3051~015.‬‬

‫‪1( 111~ 5~11~11 51 10 ~1~. 14-9315‬‬ ‫‪~105~0 31‬‬ ‫(‬

‫‪= 0, 3‬‬ ‫‪51~~ ~0113~~ ~111 0~ 3~~11~0 3~(055‬‬
‫‪111~(1510( 11 300‬‬ ‫‪0,1)/0,( 1113~ 0~ 111~11~0011~1110‬‬ ‫‪111(0 00 111~ 0~~1~~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0,1)/0,( ~30‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0~ 1111111~00~ ~000~~110~ ~3~3~110( ~5, 35 5110~0 10 ~1~. 14-93.‬‬ ‫‪~11~0 111~(1510( 11‬‬
‫‪15 111(0~0 00, 111~ 015~113(~~ ~11((~01 0( ~3~3~110( 15 1111111~00~ (~51510( ~5 35 5110~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~. 14-90.‬‬
‫(~‪~1111 3 ~~-501100‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111, 111~ ~0113~~ 3~(055 111~ 111~(1510( ~111 (15~ ~)(~0-‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0~011311~ 35 5110~0 10 ~1~. 14-9~ 300 111~ ~1(~11110,1)/0,( ~30 0~ (01100 ((0111‬‬

‫‪0.632~5‬‬ ‫‪0.632~5‬‬
‫‪,.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(14-10‬‬
‫‪~5~5‬‬
‫‪111~ ~3111~0( 501100~( 11111~~0051301 ,. (= ~5~5) ~30 0~ 0~1~(11110~0 ((0111 ~().. (14-‬‬
‫(‪10) (0‬‬ ‫‪3 ~00~0‬‬ ‫‪~3111~ 0( 0,1)/0,(.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~3111~ 0( ~515‬‬ ‫‪(01100‬‬ ‫~‪((0111111‬‬ ‫~~(‪015~113‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬
‫‪/7/).‬‬

‫‪~5‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(14-11‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫)‪/7/‬‬

‫‪0.632~5 - - -‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫)‪(8‬‬ ‫)‪(0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(0‬‬

‫‪476‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪14-90.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (/1)/(/( 151111111~0 0)1 ~1 (100 ~..‬‬ ‫‪(~1‬‬ ‫)‪+ ~2‬‬ ‫~‪11111115111~ 015~11(1(~10‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬

‫‪51.1~11111(11‬‬

‫‪11.‬‬
‫‪1,0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(14-12‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪10(10‬‬ ‫‪~(10 10(111 (1 5~(1~5‬‬ ‫(~‪~1(~1.111 ~1111 111~ 501.100‬‬ ‫~(‪0~1~0‬‬ ‫‪(15 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬
‫(~‪(1 5~~000-0(0‬‬ ‫‪~().1.1(111011‬‬
‫‪14-9~.‬‬ ‫‪~(0111‬‬ ‫‪8().5.‬‬ ‫)‪(2-23‬‬ ‫‪(100 (2-24),‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0(1111~10‬‬ ‫‪((1110 01‬‬
‫‪15‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪~. +‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪52-‬‬
‫‪0)0‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪1,.‬‬ ‫‪+ 1,‬‬
‫)‪(14-13‬‬

‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫~~‪1,. 15 111~ 51((1)11001.1~1(10‬‬ ‫~~‪(100 1, (100 ~ (1(~ 111~ 10(10 1001.1~1(10‬‬ ‫‪(100 (~5151(10~~,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(~5~~~11~~1)1.‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪1111111111~ ~~(1~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪0~~(511001‬‬ ‫‪(1~~11~0‬‬ ‫‪(1~(055‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111)1(1510(,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0(1111~10‬‬
‫‪((111010‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ((10‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪10 1.015‬‬ ‫‪1.15~0.‬‬ ‫~~‪11111~ 10(101001.1~1(10‬‬ ‫‪15111~11, ~111~1115 1.151.1(111)1‬‬
‫‪111~ ~(15~, ~.‬‬ ‫‪~(10 0~ 111~11 (100 ~. ~(10 0~ 5111(11110 (~1(110 111~ 0~51(~0‬‬ ‫~‪~(111.1~ 01 0(1111~10‬‬
‫‪((1110.‬‬ ‫~~(‪~ 111~11 ~(111.1~ 01 ~. ~111 (~01.1~~ 111~ 015~11(1‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫~‪(1 10‬‬ ‫‪~(111.1~ 01 ~.‬‬
‫‪(~01.1~~5‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ 501.100‬‬ ‫‪1055.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.1115 10 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪51101.110 0~ 11.111)1(10(11)12~0 10‬‬ ‫‪14-9‬‬
‫~‪0~1~(11110‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~().1.11(~0 ~(111.1~ 01 0(1111~10~ ((1110 10 1111111 111~ (/1)/(/( 10 111~ 0~51(~0‬‬
‫~~‪~(111.1~. 00‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0(1111~10~ ((1110 15 ~00~0,‬‬ ‫‪~. (100 ~. ~(10 0~ 101.100.‬‬ ‫~~ ~‪111~ 5(1111‬‬
‫~(‪0~1~0‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫(~‪501.100‬‬ ‫(‪15 00(111(111)1 1.15~0 10‬‬ ‫(‪(/1)/(/‬‬ ‫‪~(01~~1100‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪51.1~~(~55‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪1((1051~01‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪01.1~ 10 (~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪(~~0~~()111111~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1((1051~01‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪51.1~~(~55100‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪15 11.111)1(10(11)12~0‬‬

‫~‪~,.310()1‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪14-3‬‬

‫~‪111~1.11 ~011(1~~ 111 ~1~. 14-9‬‬

‫‪10 $~~1100‬‬ ‫‪15-4.‬‬

‫‪15 ~5 = 200 ~ ~111110(10 (~5151(111~~ 01 ~ = 5 0.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬

‫‪10(10 (1110 51((1)111101.1~1(111~~5(1(~ 11~~11~1111~(1110 111~ 111)1(1510( 15 0~~((11~0 (11 (1 1(~()1.1~11~)1‬‬
‫‪01/,‬‬ ‫‪= 2 )(1-12. 11111~ (~()1.11(~0‬‬
‫~‪()1)/()( 15 100 ~/~5 (1110 111~ 015~11(1(~~ ~1.1((~111 15 10 11‬‬

‫)~( ‪11(1111~0 10 100 ~, 0~1~((11111~ 111~ ((1) ..(111.1~501 ~5 (1110 ~5, (11) 5111.11111~(1055, (1110‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪((11111~ 01 5111.11111~((~51510(.‬‬

‫‪8011.111011‬‬
‫()(‪()1)/‬‬
‫‪= 100 ~/~5, 1,0 = 100~, ~ = 50,1-‬‬ ‫‪= 1-5 = 0, (1110~5 = 200~.‬‬
‫‪((1) ~(0(11 ~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪14-9‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~11(1(~111~ ~1.1((~111 01111~ 5111.11111~(~(1~(1~110( ~(111 11~ ~)(-‬‬
‫‪~(~55~0‬‬ ‫‪(15‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~1111111111(11 ~0110111011 1)0 (( = 0) = 0, 111~ ~11(1(~111~ ~1.1((~11115 101.1110 (15‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)((‪/‬‬
‫=‬
‫~‬ ‫~‪~-,/‬‬ ‫)‪(14-14‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬ ‫~ ‪+‬‬
‫‪~11~(~,‬‬ ‫‪= (~5‬‬ ‫‪+ ~)~5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(~(1(0‬‬ ‫‪..011(1~~ (1~(055 111~ 111)1(1510( 15‬‬

‫)‪(14-15‬‬

‫‪477‬‬
‫‪58~. 14-6‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫(‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫)‪= 0, 111(0‬‬
‫‪(~5 + ~)..‬‬

‫‪011‬‬ ‫)‪11~,.) - 1)~0‬‬ ‫‪0.368~115‬‬

‫= (‪0‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(14-16‬‬
‫‪~5(~5 + ~)2‬‬
‫‪~(0111 ~().. (14-11),‬‬ ‫‪~5 = 200/100‬‬ ‫‪= 2 0.‬‬ ‫‪~().1.1311011‬‬
‫‪(14-16) ~1.,,~8‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪)( 10-6‬‬
‫‪0.386‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬
‫= ‪~5‬‬
‫‪(2 + 5)2 )( 100‬‬ ‫~‪= 0.079 /1.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(0) 10.~ 8111.100~( 1088,‬‬

‫‪115 = 0.5~511~1.‬‬
‫)‪(14-17‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫=‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪0.075‬‬ ‫‪10-6‬‬ ‫‪2002‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬ ‫~‪= 3‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(~) ~881.1111111~10.31 31110.~ ~11~(~)1 810(~0‬‬ ‫‪111~5 18 01881~31~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~5 0111)1, 10.~ ~0‬‬
‫(‪(31111~ 0~ 10~ 8111.100~( (~81810‬‬ ‫‪18 3 ~.‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪111)1(1510(,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 15 111 111~ 011-5131~,‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬ ‫‪11.1(11~0 0~~ 0)1 (~01.1~111~ 111~ ~0(~3(0‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~11110‬‬ ‫~‪3 1~.,,~1 0~10‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11010111~ ~1.1((~111, 1/1.‬‬ ‫~(~‪111‬‬ ‫(‪3(~ .,,3(101.18 1~~11111()1.1~8 ~0‬‬
‫‪11.1(11111~0~~ 3 111)1(1810(,‬‬ ‫~(‪~111~11 3‬‬ ‫‪015~1.155~0‬‬ ‫(~‪111 ~113111‬‬ ‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪111 311111~ ~01111111.11311011‬‬
‫~‪1~~11111()1.1~5, 111~ 31100‬‬ ‫~‪~1.1((~111 15 111311113111~0 0~10‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 11010111~ ~1.1((~111 ~0‬‬ ‫‪3 81.1~-‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~1~1~1111)1 1011~ 11111~, 50 11131 311 111~ ~)(~~88‬‬
‫‪0( (~~01110111~0.‬‬
‫‪01.1~ 10 1~0‬‬ ‫‪01.11~( ))11-11.111~110118, 11 3110 13,‬‬
‫‪0~ 51111113( 10 11131 0~ 3 0100~,‬‬
‫‪~3((1~(8‬‬

‫‪~)(111011111~ (~.,,~(8~ (~~0.,,~()111111~,‬‬

‫(~‪(~~0..,,~()1 ~1.1((~111, 11/1/. 11/1/ ~311 0~ 1111.1~11~(~31‬‬
‫‪111 111~ ~01.1( 13)1~(8‬‬

‫‪111~ 11.1(11-0~~ ~113(3~1~(1511~5‬‬

‫~‪(~~, 311011~31( (~.,,~(5‬‬
‫~‪111311 111~ 110(11131 (~.,,~(5‬‬ ‫~‪010~1(111‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪5~~111‬‬ ‫‪01.11‬‬

‫‪~01.110‬‬

‫‪~1.1((~111, 11/.‬‬ ‫~‪111 3 1111~-~01111111.1131~0 ~1(~1.111 ~11~(~ 111~ 111111.11.,,0113~~ 18 3111~(1131111‬‬

‫‪38 5110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪14-103,‬‬ ‫~‪3 (~.,,~(5‬‬ ‫~~‪.,,0113‬‬ ‫‪31111~3(8 3~(058‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111)1(1510( 1111111~0131~1)1‬‬
‫(~‪3~1‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 ~0~8‬‬ ‫‪111(01.1~11 111~ 2~(0‬‬ ‫‪.,,311.1~.‬‬ ‫~‪11115 (~.,,~(5‬‬ ‫~~‪.,,0113‬‬ ‫‪~111‬‬
‫~‪3~~~1~(31‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11.1(11-0~~ 11(0~~55,‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 5~~~11111‬‬ ‫‪01.11111~ ~)(~~55‬‬ ‫‪~3((1~(8‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 ))11-11.111~-‬‬
‫‪110115 11 3110 13.‬‬ ‫‪~()1.13110115‬‬ ‫)‪(12-6‬‬ ‫)‪3110 (12-7‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬ ‫‪3111111~0 10 ~31~1.1131~ (~~ 3110‬‬
‫‪11/1/.‬‬
‫‪111~ 11111~( ))11-11.111~11011, 12, ~111 (~()1.11(~ 3 11111~ 1(110~11 35 ,~~01110111(1(1011 (1111~,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(_ 10 (~~01110111~ 111~ ~)(~~85 ~3((1~(5.‬‬ ‫~‪~ 11~~311.,,~ (~.,,~(5‬‬ ‫‪.,,0113~~ ~01.110 (~01.1~~ 11115‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(~~0111011131101111111~.‬‬ ‫~‪(~15 0~11~110~111011111‬‬ ‫~‪1113~11111.10~ 0~ 111~ (~.,,~(8‬‬ ‫‪.,,0113~~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬

‫‪11.1(11-0~~ ~113(3~1~(1811~5‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 5110~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~8.‬‬ ‫‪14-1033110‬‬ ‫‪14-100‬‬ ‫‪~0( 31111~ ~01111111.1131~0‬‬
‫‪~1(~1.111 3110 ~0(~~0-~01111111.1131~0‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.111 (~811~~11.,,~1)1.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪11.1(11-0~~ 11111~, (~, 15 111~ 81.11110~ (~.,,~(8‬‬ ‫‪(~~0.,,~()111111~,‬‬ ‫‪(~0 3110 (~~011101-‬‬
‫‪11311011 11111~, (~.‬‬ ‫~‪~1111‬‬ ‫‪~110 0~ 11.1(11-0~~, 3 0~111~11011 13)1~( 0~.,,~10118‬‬ ‫‪3~(055‬‬ ‫‪)1.111~11011‬‬
‫(‪12 3110 111~ 111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪(~~0.,,~(5‬‬ ‫‪115 (01111)1 10 ~1111513110 ~0(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪.,,0113~~.‬‬ ‫~‪111 311 111‬‬
‫(~‪~01111111.11311011 1~~11111()1.1~5 111 ~113111‬‬ ‫~‪3, 3 (~.,,~(5‬‬ ‫‪.,,0113~~ 15 3111111~0 3~(055 111~ 111)1-‬‬
‫(‪(1510‬‬ ‫‪01.1(111~ 11.1(11-0~~ 11(0~~55.‬‬

‫‪478‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪~88 ~-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪~~~.‬‬
‫~ ‪,,‬‬ ‫‪1,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫~~‬
‫‪(0‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪(0‬‬

‫~‪1-1~-‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪.200‬‬

‫‪~.1‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪+‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪-.,0‬‬
‫‪.1‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪-.,.‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪- - -‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫~~~‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪_1~_1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪111~(1510(5‬‬ ‫~‪(1(~ 111(11111~(1~111(~0 (11111051 ~~~11151~~1‬‬ ‫‪0~ 01~~1151011.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (11100~ ~11((~111‬‬
‫‪(~~111(~5‬‬ ‫~‪(1 ~11111~ 11111~ 10 ~(0~(1~(11‬‬ ‫~‪10 111~ ~1101‬‬ ‫~‪(1(~(1 0~ 111~ )1111~11011, ~(0111 111‬‬

‫‪~01111 11~(1( 111~ ~(11~ ~11~11 111~ ~(11~ 51~11(11 15 111111(11~0 ~0( 111(11111~ 011 111~ 111~(1510(.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪111(11111~(1~111(~(5 115~ ~(1(10115‬‬ ‫‪~(11~ 51(11~111(~5‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~0111(01111‬‬ ‫‪0-//0-(,‬‬ ‫‪111(11-011 11111~,‬‬

‫‪479‬‬
‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪14-8‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪(10() 10(0-01111111~.‬‬ ‫~‪0~~~0()10‬‬ ‫‪00 10~ ~0)151~(11 ~0051(0~1100,‬‬ ‫‪(10() 10(0-00‬‬ ‫‪(10() 10(0-‬‬
‫‪011 0~0(1~10(,‬‬ ‫‪10)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪~(10,‬‬ ‫‪0(0(1()1)1,‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~1(155111~() 1010 ~1~01‬‬ ‫~‪~(11~~0(1~5‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫)‪~0(15~-~001(0110)1(1510(5 (5~~5‬‬

‫‪2.‬‬ ‫)‪~(151-5~11~010~ 10)1(1510(5 (5~~5‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫)‪0(11~-10(0-01110)1(1510(5 (0105‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫)‪131()1(~~1100(111(10()~10)1(1510(5 (1~1~~~5‬‬
‫‪5.‬‬ ‫)‪~~~~(5~-~00()0~110~ 10)1(1510(5 (~~15‬‬
‫)‪6. 51(111~ 10()0~1100 10)1(1510(5 (5111-/.5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪7. 1-1~01-(1~11~(11~() 5111~00-~001(011~() (~~1111~(5 (1-~5~~5‬‬
‫)(~‪8. ~81-~001(011‬‬ ‫)‪10)1(1510(5 (~81-~11-/.5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1015 1)1~~ 0110)1(1510(5 ~~0~((111)1 0~~((11~5 (11 10~ 110~ 1(~~0~0~)1 (10() 15 10(0~() 011‬‬
‫‪0)1 0(110((11 ~011111101(11100. 10~ 10(0-01111111~, (~, 15 0110~ 0(()~( 01 50 10 100 /-15.‬‬
‫)(~~~‪1015 15 111051 5011~() 10( 10~-5‬‬ ‫‪5~11~010~ (1~~11~(111005 (10() 15 (1150 ~00~0‬‬ ‫‪(15‬‬
‫‪~011~~,.(~,. (/1)1,.15(0,.. 510~~ 10~ 10)1(1510( 15 0(151~(111)1(15111~00-111(1()~~001(011~() ()~~1~~,‬‬
‫‪1115 (1150 ~00~0‬‬ ‫‪(15 5111~011-~011(,.011~() ,.~~(111~,. (5~~).‬‬
‫‪10~ 00-51(11~ ~011(1~~, ~ 7, ~(1(1~5 1)1~1~(111)11(0111(10001 1.15 ~ 10( 600 ~ 10 2.5‬‬
‫~‪~ 10( 4000-‬‬ ‫‪()~~1~~5~ (10() 10( (1 5500-~,‬‬ ‫~‪1200-‬‬ ‫‪10)1(1510( 1115 1)1~1~(111)11.25 ~.‬‬
‫‪10~ 1110()~(0 10)1(1510(5 05~ (10 (1111~111)110~~(11~, ~0~(~ (10 (10)(111(1()110)1(1510(, 1~, 15‬‬
‫~‪~(11~() 00 0)1 (1 ~(11~ 51~0(11 (10() 10~0 10~ (1111~1111~()001~01 011~ 15 (1~~11~0 (15 (1 ~(11‬‬
‫‪51~0(11 10 10~ 111(11010)1(1510(, 1/,1. 1015 15 500~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~. 14-11.‬‬ ‫~‪10~ (1111~111)110‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫()(‪~(11~ ~~(111115 01~0 0)10(11111~~0(1((1~1~(1511~5 ~1101)1~1~(11 ()1)/()( 011000 ~//-15 (100 ()1/‬‬
‫~‪01500 ~//-15 (10() 51111~1111~510~ ~1(~0110~51~0 0)1 (~00~10~ 0( 1111011111210~()1/()( 111111110‬‬
‫‪10()0~10( (10() ()1)/()( ~(01~~1100 ~1(~0115.‬‬

‫~‪10~5‬‬ ‫)(~~~‪(1(~ 05~() 1001~0-5‬‬ ‫~‪5~11~010‬‬ ‫)(~~(‪(1~~11~(111005 ~11010‬‬ ‫‪~011111101(11100 (~.~.,‬‬

‫‪~00~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪(10() 10~~(1~(5).‬‬ ‫~~‪10~)10(1‬‬ ‫‪1(15110(0-01111111~,‬‬ ‫‪~~0~((111)110‬‬ ‫‪10~ ((10~~ 5 10‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫~‪/-15, ()~~~0()10‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪((10~~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪00-51(11‬‬ ‫)((‪10(~(1‬‬ ‫~‪()(0‬‬ ‫‪~(1(1~5,‬‬ ‫‪(1~-‬‬
‫~‪~(0)(1111(11~1)1 (15 (10 10~~(5‬‬ ‫‪100~1100‬‬ ‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪10(0-01111111~,‬‬ ‫‪(~.‬‬ ‫‪1015‬‬ ‫‪1)1~~ 0110)1(1510(5‬‬
‫‪15 (1150 ~00~0‬‬ ‫‪(15 (10 111~~,.(~,. (/1)1,.15(0,..‬‬
‫~‪10~5‬‬ ‫‪10)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫~~‪0(1‬‬ ‫‪01~0‬‬ ‫‪()1)/()( 01 1)1~1~(111)1 1000‬‬ ‫‪~//-15 (10() ()1/()( 01 1000‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~/-15.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1(15110(0-011‬‬ ‫‪(10() 01~0‬‬ ‫‪()1/()( (1(~ ~~()11111~0(1(10110‬‬ ‫)(‪11110111112~ 10~ 512~ (10‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~~1~01‬‬ ‫~‪01 ~011111101(1110‬‬ ‫(‪(10() /0‬‬ ‫~~‪(~(1~11‬‬ ‫‪~1(~011 ~0111~00~015.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪00-51(11‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬

‫‪480‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪111~11..~ 14-12‬‬ ‫‪~381-8~11~111118 111~(18-‬‬
‫‪10(8.‬‬ ‫‪(~01./,(~5)/‬‬ ‫)‪0/ /10111~,~~, //1(.‬‬

‫~‪01 3 2200-‬‬ ‫~‪1800-‬‬ ‫(‪111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪15 1)1~1~311)1 1.7~.‬‬ ‫(~‪111~~(1‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪~1111 3 ~~()1‬‬
‫~‪1111111~0 (~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪010~~1118‬‬ ‫‪~3~301111)1,‬‬ ‫‪1)1~1~311)1 10 ~,‬‬ ‫‪3110 3 ~~()1‬‬ ‫~‪1351 11.1(11-01111111‬‬
‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪3 3110 5 (.1-5 3(~ ~01111110111)1 ~110~11‬‬ ‫‪35 (15)1111111~(,1((1/ (/1)1,15(0,5‬‬ ‫‪(~5(1~5).‬‬
‫‪~351-5~11~111118‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~(‪111)1(1510(5 01 ~3(101.15 512~5 3‬‬ ‫‪5110~11 111 ~18. 14-12.‬‬

‫~‬ ‫(‪831~-11.1(11-011111)1(1510‬‬ ‫)‪(010‬‬ ‫~~‪11~~ 3 5‬‬ ‫~~‪~311 0~ 11.1(11~0 011 0)1 3~~1)11118 3 ~05111‬‬
‫~‪831‬‬ ‫‪5181131.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫~~‪11 ~311 0~ 11.1(11~0 011 0)1 3 11~8311‬‬ ‫~‪831‬‬ ‫‪5181131.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪010‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫~~‪3 131~111118 0~~1‬‬ ‫~‪3110 ~311 0~ 01.1111 ~1111 ~1.1((~111 3110 ~01138‬‬ ‫~‪(3111185 51111113( 10 11105‬‬
‫‪013‬‬ ‫‪5~~.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 0105113‬‬ ‫‪30~311138~5‬‬ ‫(~~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪5~~5‬‬ ‫‪(1) ~11111111311011 01 ~01111111.11311118‬‬
‫‪~0111~011~1115‬‬ ‫‪111 10(~~0‬‬ ‫‪~01111111.11311011, (~51.1111118 111 (~~1.1~11011‬‬ ‫‪111 ~051,‬‬ ‫‪~~18111,‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬
‫)‪~011.1111~~ (2‬‬ ‫‪(~01.1~11011111‬‬ ‫~‪3~01.1511~ 3110 ~1~~1(01113811~11‬‬ ‫‪11015~ 01.1~ 10 111~ ~11111111311011‬‬
‫~‪01 ~01111111.11311011 ~110~~5‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬ ‫(~‪1351‬‬ ‫‪11.1(11-011, ~~(1111111118 111811 5~11~111118‬‬
‫~‪. 1(~~1.1~11~1~5‬‬
‫)‪3110 (4‬‬ ‫‪1111~(0~~0‬‬ ‫‪~111~1~11~)1 01 ~011~~(1~(5.‬‬
‫(~~‪11110~-~0‬‬ ‫‪3~~11~3110115,‬‬ ‫‪0105‬‬ ‫‪113~~ 111~ 10110~1118‬‬ ‫‪30~311138~5‬‬ ‫(~~‪0‬‬ ‫(‪01~013‬‬
‫~‪1(31151510(5‬‬ ‫‪(1) 111811~( 010~~1118‬‬ ‫~‪~01138‬‬ ‫~‪~3~301111)1‬‬ ‫~‪(2) 111811 (3110 01 ~~3‬‬ ‫~‪~0111(011301‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~11110‬‬ ‫~‪3~~(38‬‬ ‫)‪~1.1((~111~ (3‬‬ ‫‪111811 (3110‬‬ ‫~‪01 ~~3‬‬ ‫‪51.1(8~ ~1.1((~11110‬‬ ‫~‪3~~(38‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111,‬‬
‫~‪1)1~1~311)110~1‬‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬ ‫~‪111811 011-5131‬‬ ‫~‪83111 (31100‬‬ ‫~‪~1.1((~111/831‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111),‬‬ ‫~‪1)1~1~311)1 600‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫)‪3110 (5‬‬ ‫~‪~1.115~0 831‬‬ ‫‪5181131015110(1‬‬ ‫‪01.1(311011.‬‬ ‫(~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪51.1(8~ ~01101110115,‬‬ ‫‪3 010‬‬ ‫‪80~5‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫(~~~~‪11110 0‬‬ ‫~~‪5311.1(311011 01.1~ 10 (~8~11~(311‬‬ ‫‪3~11011.‬‬ ‫(~‪011 111~ 0111‬‬ ‫(‪113110, 3 01~013‬‬
‫(‪1(31151510‬‬ ‫‪1~1105 10 ~0111~ 01.11 01 5311.1(311011.‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪010‬‬ ‫~‪1135 10‬‬ ‫‪83111 01.1(1118 11.1(11-011, 1)1~1~311)1 6,‬‬ ‫‪3110 (~~1.11(~5‬‬ ‫‪3 (~1311~~1)1‬‬
‫~~‪111811 11~8311‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 ~1.115~ 10 11.1(11 011.‬‬ ‫~‪11 1135 111811~( 011-5131‬‬ ‫~‪~01138‬‬ ‫‪111311 11131‬‬
‫‪015~~5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 011-5131~~01138~ 01 3 1)1~1~31550-~ 1200-~ 010 151)1~1~311)1‬‬ ‫‪3.4 ~.‬‬
‫‪~ 160-~ 200-~ 010‬‬ ‫~~‪0(1)1~~ 160‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~11111~18. 14-13 3110 111~)1.111~110115‬‬
‫‪01‬‬
‫‪11115010 15 5110~11111~18. 14-14.‬‬

‫‪481‬‬
‫‪56~. 14-8‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~1~0..~ 14-13 ~ 160-~,‬‬

‫)~~‪(///‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~~‪~ 1~1‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫~‪200-‬‬
‫‪010. (~0/./~(~51 0/ /11(~~11(1(/011(1/‬‬

‫‪3011~3(311~1 ~1111 3 ~0(0(000‬‬

‫‪38 3000~ 300 ~311100~.‬‬

‫~~‪111~ 1~1‬‬
‫‪~~~-‬‬

‫‪~31~ ~000~~1100‬‬
‫‪~113(3~1~(1811~8 3(~ 8110~0 10 ~1~. 14-15~.‬‬
‫~~‪510~~ 3 1~1‬‬
‫‪~1~0..~ 14-14‬‬
‫‪1/1 101~. 14-13.‬‬
‫‪~~~(///~~).‬‬

‫‪~30 ~00011~110 00111 01(~~11008 300 18 00((0311~ 118~0 10 3~ ~1138~ ~001(01‬‬

‫‪(~.~., 3~ ~0113~~ ~001(011~(8).‬‬ ‫‪11 ~30 0~ ~00810~(~0‬‬ ‫‪38 1~0 5~~8‬‬ ‫‪~000~~1~0‬‬
‫‪38 8110~0 10 ~1~. 14-153.‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪111~ 1)-/.‬‬

‫‪18 6101_~1(~~110031 0~~1~~, 118 1~((010318 ~30001 0~ 0~81~031~0‬‬

‫‪111~((01031 ~12 18 ~08111~~ ~1111 (~8~~~110 1~((01031 ~11,‬‬
‫‪~30 0~ 111(0~0 00 0~ 3~~1~10~ 3 ~08111~~ ~31~ 81~031 0~1~~~0‬‬
‫‪300 1~((01031 ~11.‬‬
‫‪~31~ 0‬‬
‫‪111~((01031 ~12 18 0~~311~~ ~1111 (~8~~~1 10 1~((01031 ~11,‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫‪10/1~110/15 0( 160-~ 010‬‬
‫‪(~0/./~(~51 0/ /11(~~11(1(/011(1/‬‬

‫‪18 111(0~0 00 0~ 3~~1~10~ 0~~311~~ ~31~ 81~031 0~1~~~0 ~31~ 0 300 1~((01031 ~11.‬‬
‫~~‪11 18 001 0~~~883(~ 10 113~~ 00111 ~013(111~8 01 ~31~ 81~0318 300 3 1~1‬‬ ‫~‪~30 0‬‬
‫‪111(0~0 00 ~1111 ~1111~( 3 ~08111~~ 0( 0~~311~~ ~31~ 81~031. 10 ~(3~11~~, 111~8~08111~111~8‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪.3(~ 1(0(0 00~ ~1130(301 10 300111~(, 300 111~ 1~1~~8‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 00((0311~ 0~~(31~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~1130(3011+‬‬ ‫)‪(~08111~~ ~31~ ~0113~~ 300 ~31~ ~11((~01‬‬ ‫~~‪0( ~1130(301 111- (0~~311‬‬
‫~‪~31‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪~31‬‬ ‫)‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫~‬

‫~‪10 (030‬‬ ‫‪~110~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫(~‪10~~(1‬‬ ‫‪~1(~11118, 30‬‬ ‫‪3011~3(311~1‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪18 ~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪3~(088‬‬
‫‪30‬‬ ‫~~‪5‬‬ ‫~‪10 3110‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫~‪110‬‬ ‫~~‪011~ 10 10011~11‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~~‪10 1(0~(0‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪111(0-011‬‬ ‫‪(~~111(~(0~01‬‬ ‫‪01 ~0(0(011131100‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 0100‬‬ ‫‪~13(0~8‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪010~/(-‬‬
‫~~‪10~ ~0113‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫~~‪5‬‬ ‫(~‪10 1 0( 2 ~ 1100‬‬ ‫~‪81~30~-8131‬‬ ‫‪~000111008.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫(~‪1100‬‬

‫‪482‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~~‬

‫‪~.2‬‬ ‫‪1~.2‬‬
‫~~~‪(8) (0~~~..,8~8~101.8‬‬ ‫~~~‪(0).8‬‬ ‫~‪5~0100‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪0~80~8~1‬‬ ‫‪~1~(~.2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪..,.‬‬

‫‪0~-51818‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪1(3081~01‬‬ ‫‪~000111008,‬‬

‫‪~0 ~~1‬‬
‫~‪111.~(~~~(8‬‬

‫~‪18 3 ~0(0~(0(018‬‬

‫‪38 811.0~0 10 ~1~. 14-16.‬‬

‫‪~0113~~ (03)1 (18~ 10 30 ~ 00~ 10 1000~~0‬‬
‫‪10 111.~~1(~011 81(3)111100~1311~~ ~1111.10 111.~0~~1~~.‬‬
‫‪0~1~~~0 111.~0~~1~~ ~11.3(3~1~(1811~8 300 ~1(~011 (~-‬‬
‫~‪()01(~(0~01~ 311011 (03)10~ ~011810~(~0 38 3 111.)1(1810(~1111.3 00111-111 31111~3(311~10100‬‬
‫‪~11 ~~118‬‬ ‫‪3180 ~311~0 30 (15)1111111~1,./~(1/‬‬
‫‪(11)1,./510,. (~5~~).‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬

‫‪111.~ 10(~3(0‬‬ ‫~‪010~~111~ ~0113~~ ~3(1~8 1(0(0 400 10 2000 ~ 300 111.~~0((~01 (3110‬‬
‫‪~0~8 0~ 10 500~.‬‬ ‫‪111.~ (~~~(8~ 010~~111~ ~0113~~ 18 1)1~1~311)130 10 40 ~.‬‬ ‫~~‪510‬‬
‫‪111.~(3110 0110(~3(0‬‬ ‫~‪~0((~111 111.(00~11.111.~111.)1(1810(10 111.~(~~~(8~ ~0((~01 01 0100‬‬
‫‪1811)(~010( 3 ~1~~0 0~~1~~, 111.~1(3~~11~3110118 ~111 0~ 11(011~0 10 ~~(1310 ~1(~011 0~81~08.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪111.~ ~11.3(3~1~(1811~8 01 30 5111-1 3(~ 81(0113( 10 111.08~ 01 3 ~05~81.‬‬ ‫‪~11 5111-118‬‬
‫‪00((0311)110(11~0‬‬ ‫‪00 0)1 3~~1)110~ 3 ~08111~~ ~31~ ~0113~~ 11~~ 00((031‬‬ ‫‪111.)1(1810(8300‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~.1‬‬
‫‪(3‬‬ ‫‪~)~0..~ 14-16‬‬ ‫~‪~~..,~(5~-~0001)~110‬‬ ‫‪111~-‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪(1510( .‬‬

‫‪58~. 14-8‬‬ ‫‪483‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~~‪15 10.-0~0 0110)1 (1~~11~(11100 010~~(111‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~ 10 115 ~(11~. ~0 5111-115 (1 01100.-11)1-‬‬
‫‪~(1 1~.- 0~~1~~.‬‬ ‫‪~5 (1 .-~5011, 5111-10(15‬‬ ‫‪10~ 00-51(11~ .-~5151(10~~ 0.- ~011(1~~ 0.-0~ (100‬‬
‫‪11 ~(10 0~ 01(10~ ~11001~0~.-‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~ (100 ~0 ~01 .-(1110~5.‬‬
‫‪5111-10(15 1(151 5~11~010~ 5~~~05 (100 01~11 (/1)/(// (100 (/,/(//‬‬ ‫‪~(1~(101116~5.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪5~11~1110~ 1101~ 15 00 10~ 0.-0~.- 01110‬‬ ‫‪6 ~5.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~011(1~~ .-(1110~ ~(10 ~0 0~ 10 2500‬‬
‫‪~ (100 10~ ~0 ~01 .-(1110~ 15 110111~0 10 500~.‬‬ ‫‪1015 0~~1~~ 15 ~)(1.-~01~1)1 ~.-0~~55‬‬
‫~~‪5~05111~~, (100 501(111 ~~.-10.-0(111005 10 10~ 01(1001(1~10.-10~ ~.-0~~55 ~0010 ~.-000‬‬
‫‪01(1)0.- ~0(10~~5 10 10~ 0~~1~~ ~0(1.-(1~1~.-1511~5.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1015 0~~1~~ 15 10.-0~0 00 0)1 01.-~~1 .-(10/(11100 01 5111~00 ~11011~01.‬‬ ‫~‪~1~~1.-00-001‬‬
‫~‪~(11.-5 ~01~0 (1.-~ ~.-~(11~0 00~ 10 10~ .-(101(11100 ~.-000~~ 1.-1~~~.-10~ ~0 ~01 000~.- 10‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪10110~0~~ 01 ~1~~1.-1~ 11~10. 10~ ~(11~ 51.-0~10.-~ 15 0~51~0~0 10 ~.-0~10~ 50111~1~01 ~(11‬‬
‫‪5~05111~11)110.- 1.-1~~~.-10~ 1.-001 ~.-(1~11~(1111~01 500.-~~5 (~.~., 1.,~0 (100 10 (1~~001~1150‬‬
‫‪01~0 (/,/ (/( (100 (/1)/(/( ~(1~(1011111~5).‬‬
‫‪10~ 1.,~5~~5‬‬ ‫‪(1.-~ 05~0 10 01~0-~011(1~~ (100 01~0-~0‬‬ ‫‪~01 (1~~11~(111005 (~.~.,‬‬
‫)~‪01~0-~011(1~~ (1-1~0‬‬ ‫‪1.-(10501155100 (100 51(111~ .-~(1~11~~ ~0~~.- 0.- ~011-(101~~.-~ .-~-‬‬
‫)~~~( ~~‪(1~11‬‬ ‫‪~001~~05(11100.‬‬ ‫~~‪~0 1.,~5‬‬ ‫‪011~.-5 ~001~1~1~ ~1~~1.-1~(111501(11100 0~-‬‬
‫‪1~~~0 10~ 11~01-1.-1~~~.-10~ 500.-~~ (100 10~ 5~11~010~ 0~~1~~ 0110~ ~0~~.- ~00~~.-1~.-,‬‬
‫‪~01~0 110(115 (11 (1 ~01~011(11 01 (15 01~0 (15 (1 1~~ 0000.-~0‬‬ ‫‪)(110~0115.‬‬ ‫~~‪10~ ~011(1‬‬
‫~~‪.-(1110~ 01 (101.,~5‬‬ ‫‪~0010 0~ (1501~0 (15 4 )(~ (111500 ~ ~11011~01-1.-1~~~.-10~ ~0~~.-‬‬
‫‪011~55 10(10 100 01~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1)1~1~(11(/,/(/( 15 250 ~/~5‬‬ ‫‪(100 10~ (/1)/(/( ~0010 0~ (15 01~0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪2000 ~/~5.‬‬

‫‪~ ~~1-~11-1‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~ ~001010~5 (1 ~05~~1‬‬ ‫‪(100 (1 10)1.-1510.- 10 ~(1.-(111~1(15 500~0 10‬‬
‫‪~1~. 14-17.‬‬ ‫‪11 (1 50111~1~01 ~011(1~~ 15 (1~~11~0 10 10~ ~(11~ 0110~ ~05~~1,‬‬ ‫‪1)1~1~(111)1‬‬
‫‪3 ~, (1 1.-1~~~.-10~ ~0 ~01 10.- 10~ 10)1.-1510.- 15 ~~0~.-(11~0 101~.-0(111)1. 11 0(15 01~0‬‬
‫‪5~11~010~ 5~~~0, 01~0 (/,/(/(, (100 01~0 (/1)/(/(.‬‬
‫‪1015 0~~1~~ ~(10 0~ 10.-0~0 00 11)(~ ~00~~01100(1110)1.-1510.-5,‬‬ ‫~‪001 11 ~(10 001 0‬‬
‫‪10.-0~0 011 0)1 ~(11~ ~001.-01.‬‬ ‫‪1015 ~0010 1/00 (1~~11~(111005 ~0~.-~ 0~11~(1111.-10~ 15 10‬‬
‫‪0~ 05~0 10.- ~.-0~1010~ ~1~~1.-1~(111501(11100 0~1~~~0‬‬ ‫‪10~ 10~01 0.- ~001.-01 51~0(11 (100‬‬
‫‪10~ 5~11~010~ 0~~1~~ 0110~ ~0~~.- ~00~~.-1~.-.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪484‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪10)1(1510(5 3(~ ~03(3~1~(1~~0‬‬ ‫~~‪0)1 ~~(1310 ~~(10((030‬‬ ‫‪~3(3(0~1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪300 10~ (0300-‬‬
‫‪13~10(~(5 5~~~11)110~5~ ~3(3(0~1~(5‬‬ ‫‪10 10~ 0313 50~~1 0110)1(1510(5.‬‬ ‫‪~11000~0‬‬ ‫~(~‪10‬‬
‫‪3(~ .,,3(1005 1)1~~5 0110)1(1510(5,‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~3(3(0~1~(5‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 51(0113(, ~)(~~~1 10~ ~31~ ~03(-‬‬
‫~‪3~1~(1511~5. 10~ ~03(3~1~(1511‬‬ ‫‪~3(3(0~1~(5‬‬ ‫‪01 3 0100~ 3(~ 3~~11~301~ 10 10)1(1510(5,‬‬
‫‪~)(~~~110~ ~31~ ~03(3~1~(1511~5.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~3(3(0~1~(5‬‬ ‫‪3(~ ~)(~1310~0 ~110 10~ 0313 50~~15‬‬
‫~~‪01 30 5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪3 010.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪~1~0(~ 14-18 500~5 10~ 0313 50~~1 0110‬‬ ‫‪101~(03110031‬‬ ‫(~‪~~~1111‬‬ ‫)~‪(1‬‬ ‫(~‪10.,,~(1‬‬
‫‪10)1(1510(~ 850 ~ (~~5),‬‬ ‫~‪800 ~, 1)1~~5 5308‬‬ ‫‪300 5308~1-1.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪081-51319‬‬ ‫‪~~ 9811, /.,-(/),,).‬‬ ‫‪1.,-(~.,,) 1510~ 3.,,~(3~~ 00-5131~ ~0((~01313‬‬ ‫‪5~~~111~0‬‬
‫‪1~(0~~(310(~.‬‬ ‫~(‪10~5~ 0313 3‬‬ ‫‪00((0311)1 ~001~0 10( 3 0311-510~ ~3.,,~.‬‬ ‫‪~1~0(~5‬‬
‫~~‪14-18.1 300 14-18.2 500~ 10~ 1)1~1~31 .,,3(1311005 01 3.,,~(3‬‬ ‫~‪00-5131‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬
‫‪10~ (03)(1(00(0 3110~301~ ~35~ 1~(0~~(310(~.‬‬

‫‪~~5‬‬ ‫‪~~ 9811, /71~~5).‬‬ ‫~(‪1.,-(~~5) 15 10~ (001-(0~30-5~03‬‬ ‫‪(((05) .,,310~ 01 00-‬‬
‫‪5131~ ~0((~01.‬‬ ‫‪1015 51~0111~5 10~ 0~3110~ ~11~~1 00~ 10 /2~ 01551~31100 300 15 11(011~0‬‬
‫‪00~ 1010~((03151(~55‬‬ ‫‪00 10~ 0~.,,1~~. ~1~0(~514-18.3‬‬ ‫‪30014-18.4‬‬ ‫‪500~ 10~ (03)(1(00(0‬‬
‫(‪3.,,~(3~~ 00-5131~ ~0~~( 1055 3~3105110~ 3.,,~(3~~ 00-5131~ ~0((~0110‬‬ ‫‪5100501031 300‬‬
‫(‪(~~130~013‬‬ ‫‪~3.,,~10((05‬‬ ‫‪31 .,,3(1005 ~0000~1100‬‬ ‫‪30~1~5.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪(00(0‬‬
‫‪~110001‬‬
‫‪~081..9~91.1.~9‬‬ ‫‪..319 01 ...59 01 081-51319 ~~ 9811, (/,/(/-1.‬‬ ‫‪0.//0.1 15 10~ (03)(1-‬‬
‫‪.,,310~ 0110~ (31~ 01 (15~ 01 00-5131~ ~0((~01 ~01~0 10~ 10)1(1510( ~30 ~11051300‬‬
‫~‪0~51(0)110‬‬ ‫‪115~11.‬‬

‫()‪~3‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪..9~91.1.~9‬‬ ‫~‪~93‬‬ ‫‪..9...9..59 ~0~1399,‬‬ ‫‪11~~~ 0~110~510~ (03)(-‬‬

‫‪~/1/1,,,.,.‬‬
‫‪1(00(0 ~~((0155101~ 105130130~005‬‬ ‫‪.,,310~ 01 (~~~1111.,,~ 3~~11~0 (~.,,~(5~ .,,0113~~ 1031 3‬‬
‫‪10)1(1510( ~30 010~~.‬‬

‫()‪~3‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪81081..9~91.1.~9‬‬ ‫‪~93~ ..9~9..59 ~0~1399,‬‬ ‫‪~/15,,,.,. 11~5~ 15 10~ (03)(-‬‬
‫‪1(00(0‬‬ ‫‪105130130~005‬‬ ‫‪~~3~ .,,310~ 01 3~~11~0 (~.,,~(5~ .,,0113~~ 000~( 1(3051~01 ~0001-‬‬
‫‪1/005 300 10( 3 5~~~111~0 11(0~ 00(31100.‬‬ ‫‪11~5~ 15 1)1~1~311)115%‬‬ ‫~‪300.,,‬‬ ‫‪11~~~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫()‪~3‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪..9~91.1.~9‬‬ ‫‪~93~ 011-51319 ~0~1899,‬‬ ‫‪~0/1,,,.,.‬‬ ‫~‪1(1)~~ 0~110~5 10‬‬
‫‪(03)(1(00(0‬‬ ‫‪~~((0155101~ 105130130~005‬‬ ‫‪.,,310~ 01 (~~~1111.,,~ 3~~11~0 10(~3(0‬‬ ‫~~‪.,,0113‬‬

‫‪1031 3 10)1(1510( ~30 ~11051300.‬‬

‫()‪~8‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪81081-..9~91.1.~9‬‬ ‫‪~98~ 011-51819 ~0~1899, ~05,,,.,.‬‬ ‫‪1(1)5~ 1510~ (03)(-‬‬
‫‪1(00(0‬‬ ‫‪105130130~005‬‬ ‫‪~~3~ .,,310~ 01 3~~11~0 10(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪.,,0113~~ 000~( 1(3051~01 ~00-‬‬
‫‪0111005 300 10( 3 5~~~111~0 11(0~ 00(31100.‬‬ ‫‪1(1)5~ 15 1)1~1~311)115%‬‬ ‫~‪300.,,‬‬ ‫‪110~~.‬‬

‫‪485‬‬
‫‪58~. 14-9‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪530~~ ~ 530~~~ 5~~~~5‬‬

‫~‪800-600 ~0~.5 ~~~6‬‬
‫‪5.~~0~~0‬‬ ‫~~‪.~~~-0‬‬ ‫‪.~,.,,~ 12/.15‬‬
‫~‪850 ~,.,,~ ~,.,,5, ~~~6 ~,.,,~1..~~~~~(3(3~.‬‬
‫‪~~~~~.~~ .~~~ ~0~~~~ ~~~ 5~~5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪1/0(.1‬‬ ‫‪~~.~0~ - (1/.‬‬ ‫)‪1/.. - (1/‬‬ ‫‪.....‬‬
‫‪000.‬‬ ‫‪~.)(. ...~.‬‬ ‫‪~.~ .......,...‬‬ ‫‪~... 00~,..~.‬‬ ‫~‪~.‬‬
‫(‪(1‬‬ ‫‪8(8(30,(-.~.1.. ...0~~~.‬‬ ‫‪.......... ...0~...~.‬‬
‫‪1~ ~588‬‬
‫)‪1,‬‬ ‫‪-41)0 10.....‬‬ ‫~‪,..1‬‬ ‫)‪,..‬‬ ‫‪250 10.....‬‬ ‫~‪,..1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪.00‬‬ ‫‪900‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~1.0~11‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪.00‬‬ ‫‪700‬‬

‫~~~‪~...‬‬ ‫‪~~1~8‬‬ ‫~‪......(.‬‬ ‫‪(),.1,.5‬‬ ‫‪.....‬‬

‫‪1,‬‬ ‫‪,)~...~110,.1...,.,..~...‬‬ ‫‪83...‬‬ ‫‪-40 10 125‬‬

‫‪00‬‬
‫~~‪530‬‬ ‫‪-40 10 140‬‬

‫‪1...‬‬ ‫‪5~..~.‬‬ ‫‪1...,.,..~...‬‬ ‫~‪...‬‬ ‫‪-40 10 150‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬

‫‪11(......1 ,,..... .....‬‬ ‫‪~~,.,...,....‬‬ ‫~~‪.‬‬ ‫‪540‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪181)0...1(.1.........‬‬

‫~‪. .....,.‬‬ ‫‪83..,‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬

‫‪00‬‬
‫‪5308=/1‬‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫)~(‪1,.‬‬

‫‪,1.-‬‬ ‫‪......‬‬
‫~‪~..‬‬

‫‪,..~1~11.,.‬‬
‫‪~5 (0,,,,.,........‬‬

‫‪~.~ 00,......‬‬

‫‪.,,,,.~. 0,,,,.,.....1‬‬
‫~~‪.‬‬

‫~~‪.‬‬
‫‪850‬‬

‫‪8100‬‬

‫‪8500‬‬

‫‪...50‬‬
‫‪10000‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫(~‪50/1~ ....‬‬ ‫‪~,~~. .1.... ......‬‬

‫‪6~., ,,.~( 0,0(8 .1,.. .....‬‬

‫‪50/1., ....1( 0,0(8 ./...8..,,.‬‬

‫‪8~., ....(( 0,0(8 .1.... ......‬‬

‫~‪1...1118( 1,),. 125~. ,..‬‬
‫‪..,~ .~~1~ .(1... .,,,~.‬‬

‫‪1...1118( 1... 125~. /10‬‬

‫‪.,0(180-8‬‬ ‫‪=~~(1~.,..... .,,,,.....‬‬

‫‪,2,‬‬ ‫‪...... 121 0.~..1 (11,‬‬ ‫~~‪.‬‬ ‫‪330‬‬ ‫~‪1=,‬‬ ‫~‪1,..11.~ 1... 1250~. ...181 ...‬‬ ‫‪.~~1...‬‬ ‫‪.(1.,.‬‬
‫‪.,,,,.~..‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪0--‬‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫_‪1=8.3‬‬
‫‪,..2.‬‬
‫‪455‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪1088‬‬ ‫‪1...1118( 1... 1250~. ,.0‬‬ ‫‪~11.‬‬ ‫‪.~~1..‬‬ ‫‪.,~.,.‬‬
‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪.~,.~..‬‬
‫‪425‬‬ ‫‪~,,‬‬
‫‪9.3.‬‬
‫~‪12,/‬‬ ‫‪.0.‬‬ ‫~‪12.,/‬‬ ‫‪~.~801~1~1‬‬ ‫~~‪.‬‬ ‫‪4550‬‬ ‫~‪~2,/‬‬ ‫‪1,.,.~1.. ,...1,, ,25~~, ,.,0‬‬ ‫‪~~10~...,~11.~ .,10.,. .~,...‬‬
‫‪1210,0,. ~1.‬‬ ‫‪~~,,‬‬
‫‪12,/~ . ,/~.‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪~10~ ~1088.‬‬

‫~~‪~1/‬‬ ‫‪,.....‬‬ ‫‪/10,,....,..~101~1....‬‬ ‫~~‪.‬‬ ‫‪.00‬‬ ‫‪.,-,.‬‬ ‫‪,...1,, 1250~. .,0 ,, .,0~, 11)4,,18~.‬‬ ‫‪~.108 ~~..8 2~,‬‬ ‫‪200,‬‬
‫‪,..1....,,,-,.1..0,‬‬
‫‪10..... 0.5..... ,.1.. 11..‬‬ ‫‪,..~. ,....101101....‬‬ ‫‪~1/~~ 1.‬‬
‫~‪~~,.,..,..‬‬
‫‪.~~~1_~.~1‬‬ ‫‪40800, ,..0,,....,..~.~1~1.,,.....~~..‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪....‬‬ ‫‪~...‬‬ ‫‪~....~.108‬‬ ‫‪~,.‬‬ ‫~~‪.‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪~~.$‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~0(......)~......,.~.108~,.‬‬ ‫~~‪.‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪.,...‬‬ ‫‪,..~.‬‬ ‫~‪~....~.‬‬ ‫~‪~~,.,..,..‬‬ ‫~‪.‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫_‪1~.$‬‬
‫‪-....‬‬ ‫‪,......~.... ~.~1.,.‬‬
‫~‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~~10.‬‬
‫~~‪.‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪~~,..~1/10,0~.‬‬ ‫~‪...‬‬ ‫)‪8900(2000‬‬ ‫‪~1(8‬‬ ‫)‪~(10,‬‬

‫‪~1~0..~14-18‬‬ ‫‪))~(~ 511~~( 0~ 5~~,‬‬ ‫‪(~11~ 1~-530~~,‬‬ ‫‪530~~1-(.‬‬ ‫‪(~0~,(~5)1‬‬

‫‪0/ //1(~,-‬‬
‫‪/10(/0/10/ ~~~(///~,).‬‬

‫‪486‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪530~-= ~ 530~-=... 5~~~~5‬‬
‫~‪800-600 ~0...,.5 ~~~6‬‬

‫‪~~1~5‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬
‫‪,,,..‬‬ ‫‪.....‬‬ ‫‪~,,.1~5‬‬ ‫‪~51‬‬ ‫‪~~111(888‬‬
‫~~‪~~0‬‬

‫‪.,,.‬‬ ‫‪~0 0~.~.~. ..0~~.~.‬‬ ‫~~‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪2.15‬‬ ‫‪2.23‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫~~‪1,..1~1.~ 1.).. 250~. 50-8‬‬ ‫‪~.~, .1,....‬‬ ‫‪1~.....‬‬
‫‪,. 17~.‬‬

‫‪1.)...~. ,..~.,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1/1(10)1‬‬

‫‪..,,.(10)2‬‬
‫(‪1..0_~....‬‬ ‫‪~,,,...~0~0‬‬

‫‪~1(8~~....~ ~...,...,,010‬‬
‫~~‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1.24‬‬
‫‪1.56‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪... ~_,... 1/1(~)-1,.(.4..,) + .., .‬‬ ‫‪(1,.(~))2‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪0.. ...‬‬ ‫‪~..... ~....(~..(0,-‬‬

‫‪1..0_~.,,.( ,..81.~.,..~.‬‬ ‫‪0.57‬‬ ‫)‪11)4.5. ~,..~., 11(......‬‬
‫‪,~1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫~~‪.‬‬ ‫‪.0‬‬
‫(‬
‫‪,,.,‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪~~~.....‬‬ ‫‪,...1.~.0~.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪0.41‬‬

‫‪270‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬ ‫‪..,.~ 250~. 12..,.~..‬‬ ‫‪~.1.. ~...(..~ 1~. 2~. 100~.‬‬
‫~‪1‬‬ ‫~‪~~~,,1,..(8 ~0,.,..,..‬‬ ‫~~‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫=‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪~(01,,(8 ,....,.,..(1‬‬ ‫~~‪.‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬ ‫‪,.~ 250~. 1~.~..‬‬ ‫‪1,..1(.1.~ 1,.=,~.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪.,‬‬ ‫‪0.~..,....‬‬ ‫~~‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬ ‫~‪,.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪250~. ...0‬‬
‫=‬
‫~‪,.8‬‬ ‫~‪..,0~. 5‬‬ ‫‪....1.(......‬‬ ‫‪(0~.‬‬
‫‪~(..‬‬ ‫~‪~...1..‬‬ ‫‪10-/,200,1~..‬‬ ‫‪,~. ,.... 1,...‬‬

‫‪..‬‬ ‫_‪,....,.~,,(.1‬‬
‫‪1...= ..... ...1.,. 11)4= 5004. 01~01 = 2~..,...‬‬ ‫~‪..,‬‬ ‫‪5()0/.‬‬
‫‪.... ....,,,..‬‬ ‫‪.....‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬ ‫‪0.../01 = 20~/~.‬‬ ‫‪1,0.‬‬ ‫‪...1., ...0~.‬‬
‫‪.. ....‬‬ ‫=‪8818‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪~.1000.‬‬
‫‪..8. ....,,...‬‬ ‫~‪5308=/‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪1~(0100.) ,....,.0-(),,11..11,.-.‬‬
‫‪...86~~.‬‬ ‫‪0 ~00.‬‬
‫‪,,‬‬ ‫‪,,‬‬
‫‪..4.. ....((1..‬‬ ‫‪.....‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪1... ..... ,..(.86. 11)4 5~.‬‬ ‫‪01~0(. = 254/~..‬‬ ‫=~~‬
‫‪1~.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬ ‫‪0.../01‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪60~,11.‬‬ ‫‪(1. (.0‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫=‪~~0~. 0.(..‬‬ ‫‪~. 1000.‬‬
‫‪..8.. ....111..‬‬ ‫~‪9309=/‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫)~=‪1~0-‬‬ ‫‪~~0....,.1‬‬ ‫‪~...,.,..,..(.‬‬ ‫~~‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪.7‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫~‪....= 1250~. 1‬‬ ‫‪= 5~.‬‬
‫‪01~0(...5~..‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪0..-‬‬
‫‪0.../0(.‬‬

‫‪1....‬‬
‫‪1..‬‬
‫‪~~0....,.80~,,.~.‬‬

‫(‪~,.1(.1~.‬‬ ‫‪...(._(-..1..‬‬
‫~‪01 011.....1.~. ...0~(.‬‬

‫~‪.... ............‬‬
‫~‪0((-.1.‬‬ ‫‪~...,.,..,..(.‬‬
‫~~‪.‬‬
‫~~‪.‬‬

‫‪.....‬‬
‫‪1000‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪500‬‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫‪700‬‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫‪..‬‬

‫‪15‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫‪-‬‬

‫‪-‬‬

‫‪.,,‬‬
‫‪..,‬‬

‫‪~/~.‬‬

‫‪...‬‬
‫‪1... = 1250~.‬‬

‫‪1... = 1250~.‬‬

‫‪....‬‬
‫‪~..~. (.0 871 ~0~.‬‬
‫‪0.,.(1.‬‬
‫‪,,, ..... ,..(..,.‬‬
‫‪(1.‬‬
‫‪~..~. (.0 10(8, 0,. ~1‬‬
‫‪(.0 8(8, ~0~. ~.~ 0.,.,...‬‬

‫~‪~~~_.‬‬
‫‪....‬‬
‫‪~1~,,.,. 0.../0(. ....~.....‬‬
‫‪.....1~~~..‬‬

‫‪~0~. ~.~ 0~(1.‬‬

‫‪9308=~ -‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬

‫‪1.,‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~...,.,..,..(.‬‬ ‫~~‪.‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪.‬‬ ‫~~‪..-4‬‬ ‫‪+-12~.~_(.0-~.(.~..‬‬ ‫~~_~‪~0,.,..‬‬
‫‪0,.~....... ..08(.. ~.,.,..~~..~.(.~~...,1~...,...‬‬
‫~‪~.‬‬
‫‪.. (.,.1~....‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫~‪~0. 250‬‬
‫‪3.3‬‬ ‫~~‪1~ = -4‬‬
‫‪..,‬‬ ‫‪0~ 8.~ ...0~(.~.‬‬
‫‪(.0 (.,.188...‬‬
‫~~‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫~‪2.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫~‪1~ = 250‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪.00‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 8.‬‬ ‫‪...0~1.8.‬‬
‫‪(...~8..,.‬‬
‫~~‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪.~ = 1250~.,.....‬‬
‫‪...1.,‬‬
‫‪....1.... .,,1()... .1~~ ,..0(. (.,.18~,. .1(....‬‬
‫‪~0~ .~.....(.~.(.~..‬‬
‫‪......‬‬
‫‪~~-‬‬ ‫‪..,,..‬‬
‫~~‪~(.‬‬ ‫‪1........~ ,...~ .1.,..~..‬‬ ‫~~‪.‬‬ ‫‪0....‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0..,..(.10.... 00~~. .10. ~00~.0.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪) ...,..~110.,.....(.()-~...‬‬
‫‪0.050‬‬ ‫‪..,,..‬‬ ‫‪18~ .1.... ....... 00~~. 8~0. ()00~.0.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0.053‬‬ ‫‪..,,..‬‬ ‫‪12.- ,..~(..,...,,...~.,. ......‬‬ ‫‪00...~~. .~0.‬‬ ‫‪~00~80.‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪.........~ ,...1.(..,,~..‬‬ ‫~~‪.‬‬ ‫‪0....‬‬ ‫‪..,,..‬‬ ‫‪,.(.8. ....,.18(). 8800(..... ,~.(. .~ 8,.....,.‬‬ ‫‪51,..8~..10.‬‬
‫‪~1~5‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪()..-(..0-81,...‬‬ ‫‪0001.0. ~0,. ~...~~..10.. 01...10. ....~.... ~12.‬‬

‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪..1_,,(.‬‬ ‫~~‪.‬‬ ‫)‪85(3.0‬‬ ‫)‪8(02.‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~... 5111.‬‬ ‫~~‪.‬‬ ‫‪1. 4-29‬‬

‫‪58~. 14-9‬‬ ‫‪487‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪530~-= ~ 530~-=... 5~~~~5‬‬

‫~‪800-600 ~0...,.5 ~~~6‬‬

‫‪130‬‬ ‫‪145‬‬ ‫‪130‬‬ ‫‪145‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~0008~~ 510~ (00~~0‬‬
‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪135‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪135‬‬
‫‪..,,‬‬ ‫‪,,..‬‬
‫‪~~110‬‬ ‫‪125‬‬ ‫‪110‬‬ ‫‪125‬‬
‫‪....‬‬ ‫‪~..‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪..,. 100‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪115‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪115‬‬
‫‪~~.......-.~,‬‬
‫~‪~~(0~00(110‬‬ ‫~~‪~~(1‬‬ ‫‪..,‬‬
‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪~105‬‬
‫‪~~..,‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪~..‬‬
‫‪..,‬‬ ‫‪~..,‬‬
‫‪90‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪105‬‬
‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪~~,, 95‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪.., 95‬‬
‫‪,,,‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~,,‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪~~~., 70‬‬
‫‪,...0‬‬ ‫‪..,‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪,,,‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪.,..‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪~85‬‬
‫‪..,‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬ ‫‪,,,‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪..,‬‬
‫‪~~..‬‬
‫‪~60‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪. 0..‬‬ ‫‪~60‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~50‬‬
‫‪,...‬‬ ‫‪65‬‬
‫‪,.‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪~50‬‬ ‫‪65‬‬
‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪55‬‬ ‫‪55‬‬
‫‪800‬‬ ‫‪900‬‬ ‫‪1000‬‬ ‫‪1400‬‬

‫‪~.9. 1 - ~35~ ,..~~,,~~3.~~~~3..095‬‬ ‫‪~.9.2 -‬‬ ‫‪~35~,..~~,,~~3.~~~ ~3..,,95‬‬

‫~‪- 5/,,~50.03. ,,,,31/~,0~~5.50 .0 400 ...‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫~‪~~~.3,,9~.3‬‬
‫~‪,,,,31/~,0~~5. 50 .0 400 ...‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪101‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬ ‫‪102‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬

‫‪~~~~0€‬‬ ‫‪0,.-5,..~,..~ (0~~€,.,..‬‬
‫‪~.9. 3 -‬‬ ‫‪~0,,,,~~ ~055 ~~3~3~.~~.5..~5‬‬ ‫‪~.9. 4 - ~0,,,,~~ ~055 ~~3~3~.~~.5..~5‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪5.,,~50.03.‬‬ ‫‪,,,,31/~,0~~5‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫~‪~~~.3,,9~.3‬‬ ‫‪,,,,31/~,0~~5‬‬

‫‪~,.‬‬
‫‪~..‬‬
‫‪..,,‬‬
‫‪103‬‬ ‫‪,,‬‬
‫~‬

‫‪~~..‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪....‬‬
‫‪,,‬‬
‫‪.,,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‬
‫‪,.‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪..,‬‬
‫‪102‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪102‬‬ ‫__‬ ‫_‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪..1..‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪.2/3‬‬ ‫~~‪~~,.€0 ~0‬‬
‫‪=,...1‬‬
‫‪= 1250( ~.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪- 1 1--~~-1‬‬
‫‪8~0(~1,.6,‬‬ ‫~‪~€~~5‬‬ ‫‪. ~(0~€~.,, ~,.0‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪5,.,088€~ ~055€5 ,.01 1,.(~00€0‬‬
‫‪1010-5.2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪10-4.2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪10-3.2‬‬
‫~~‪130(..5€ 8~5€~10,.‬‬
‫‪- 5‬‬
‫‪~.9. 6 -‬‬ ‫~‪~3)(. -=,,~~9~ ~055 ,,~~ ~~.5‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪5.,,~50.03.‬‬ ‫‪,,,,31/~,0~~5‬‬

‫‪488‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪530~(= ~ 530~(=... 5~~~~5‬‬

‫~‪800-600 ~01..~5 ~~~6‬‬

‫=‬
‫‪~0. 2/3‬‬ ‫‪~,.,.€0 1,)0..‬‬
‫‪~~,.~0‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪= 2/3‬‬ ‫‪~0~(4‬‬
‫‪,....‬‬
‫(‪_ 1250‬‬
‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫(‪1250‬‬
‫‪,...‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪.......‬‬
‫‪~~~....,‬‬
‫‪~,1‬‬ ‫~‪~4 (.45/~0...5‬‬
‫‪~1-‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪10,‬‬

‫‪~-,‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪~-‬‬ ‫‪~~,‬‬ ‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪.....‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬

‫~‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪102‬‬
‫'~ ‪~/1‬‬ ‫‪-.‬‬
‫‪0.01‬‬
‫‪~.0--.04~.‬‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪~(/01‬‬
‫‪= 20~~1‬‬ ‫‪~~~.......,..,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪8~0(~1~6,‬‬ ‫~‪~~~5‬‬ ‫~~~(‪~€‬‬ ‫‪~~0‬‬ ‫‪8...00~1..(),,.€~,.5~ ,.€(01,)€,..,‬‬
‫~~‪5~~89‬‬ ‫‪~055€5‬‬ ‫‪..01‬‬ ‫‪1,.(1...00€0‬‬ ‫‪5..088€,. 1..055€5 ..01 1,.0...00€0‬‬ ‫‪~~.,‬‬
‫‪10 1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪10-4‬‬
‫‪10-5‬‬ ‫‪10-4‬‬
‫~‪~(.)...5€ 8,.5€(.410,.‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫~‪,-01...5€ 8,.5€..10,.‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫~‪~.9. 7 - ,,,,8)(. ~0~~9~ 088 ~~~ ~~~8‬‬ ‫~‪~.9. 8 - ,,,,8)(. ~0~~9~ 055 ~~~ ~~~8‬‬
‫‪..,.~8~~~0.08. .,,,81/~10~~5. 08/0/ = 200/4/)15‬‬
‫‪- ,.~8~~~0.08~ .,,,81/~10~~8. 08/0/ = 50 /4/)15‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪3000‬‬
‫‪,..‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬ ‫(‪= 1250‬‬ ‫‪1,..,.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪1000,.‬‬
‫‪90‬‬
‫~‪500‬‬ ‫‪2500‬‬
‫‪~80‬‬
‫~‪250‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪.. ~70‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬

‫‪~~60‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪.. 50‬‬ ‫‪3 1500‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪~40‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~,0‬‬

‫‪~20‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪.20‬‬
‫~‪~~1‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫‪(~~1..‬‬
‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬
‫~‪0.,- 0~-51~1‬‬
‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪120‬‬
‫‪0.~~~€~1‬‬
‫‪200‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪1000‬‬

‫‪500‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬

‫=‬
‫‪~~~~~-‬‬
‫‪51€,.0,- 5,.,.,..€‬‬ ‫‪~,,,.0€‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪~/‬‬ ‫‪0.040(.......‬‬

‫‪--‬‬

‫‪---‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~00081..€ 510€‬‬ ‫‪(001..€0‬‬
‫~‪0~(€‬‬ ‫‪,.0~~0‬‬ ‫_~‪~01......, 0‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪1..5,..,...,.,.,.€005 6,.1€ (0,.~€..,.. - ,.‬‬

‫‪~~9. 11 - ,.~808.~0/ ,.~~~~8~ ~~~~080~~.‬‬ ‫‪~.9. 12 - ~8/~ ~~8~8~/~~.8/.~8‬‬

‫~‪.)~0~/.00-/0-~88‬‬

‫‪489‬‬
‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪14-9‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪530~~ ~ 530~~~ 5~~~~5‬‬
‫~‪800-600 ~0(.,,.5 ~~~6‬‬
‫‪9000‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪1~1(1~(..‬‬
‫‪~~,.~0‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫(‪= 1250‬‬
‫~~~~‬ ‫‪~~~(..1~0‬‬ ‫‪51~~5010~(..(......‬‬ ‫‪~~25‬‬
‫‪~~,.10~ 5(.)~~~.‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪00(.)8(..~ 510~ (001...~0‬‬
‫‪~~~20‬‬

‫‪7000‬‬ ‫‪~~15‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~%‬‬
‫‪6500‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫‪6000‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪5500‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬

‫‪5000100.2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪101‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪102‬‬ ‫‪01.6‬‬ ‫‪1.7‬‬ ‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪1.9‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪2.1‬‬ ‫‪2.2‬‬ ‫‪2.3‬‬ ‫‪2.4‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬ ‫‪2.6‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(‬ ‫‪~~)(.‬‬ ‫‪1,..5,.~,..,./=/,..~005‬‬ ‫~‪0,..-5,.~,.‬‬
‫~~‪~0(048‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪~0(..)~1... ~/04~1...1,.00~ ~~1...‬‬ ‫‪(1...~ 0./~~~~,.‬‬ ‫‪~01...5~5‬‬ ‫‪,..‬‬ ‫‪~0... ...~(1~ ~ ,...1‬‬ ‫(‪250‬‬ ‫‪1,,/‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪,,.9. 14 - ,.~800 10~ ,...,~0-011‬‬
‫‪,..018 ~5. 00-51818‬‬ ‫‪~0.1898‬‬

‫~‪(1) ,./1~.~ ~..,,,~. .,~ /,,.~,,~~~ .. . 9../~~./,,~. ,.0 .~~//‬‬

‫‪,,0,,‬‬ ‫‪,,~.,~ .~/~,.~ ~0,,..~. /.~.0~.‬‬

‫~)‪~~~11‬‬ ‫‪~0~,.~.,‬‬ ‫~~~)‪11‬‬

‫‪~00.,‬‬ ‫~‪~.,.‬‬ ‫‪~00.,‬‬ ‫‪~0...‬‬ ‫‪~00.,‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫=‪~~8308‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫~‪1250‬‬

‫~~‪~14‬‬
‫‪8‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
‫~‪80‬‬

‫~‪8‬‬
‫‪,.‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
‫‪12~.‬‬

‫~‪15‬‬

‫‪~0~ ...~~..‬‬ ‫‪,0~ . ~.,,1... .1~/1‬‬ ‫~‪,.‬‬ ‫‪= 1250~.‬‬ ‫‪~0...‬‬ ‫‪= 80~.‬‬
‫~~‬ ‫‪= 12~.‬‬ ‫~‪0~.‬‬ ‫=‪..‬‬ ‫‪830~8,..‬‬
‫‪...~0..~ 14-18‬‬ ‫)‪((0/1(//1/1~0‬‬

‫‪00-51818‬‬ ‫‪~0~1898 ~..0~. ~~.‬‬ ‫‪11~ 15 111~ 1051(101(111~005 ~(110~ 0~ 00-51(11~ ~011-‬‬
‫‪(18~ 0(0~ (111015 0~~~00~111 00 111~ 100~1100 1~(0~~((110(~,‬‬ ‫‪11. ~180(~ 14-18.5 5110~5‬‬
‫‪111~ 11151(101(111~005~0(~(1(0 ~011(18~ 0(0~ (18(111151~0(~(1(0 ~0((~01.‬‬ ‫‪11., ~(10 0~ ~011-‬‬
‫‪510~(~0 (150~108 (0(10~ 0~ 0~ (1) (1~(110~ ~111~1115100~~~00~01‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~~0(~(1(0 ~0((~01,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(1110 (2) (1 ~(110~ ~111~1115 ~(0~0(11011(1110‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1051(1111(10~005 ~0(~(1(0 ~0((~01.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪~8)(.~(,8‬‬ ‫‪~88~ 00-51818‬‬ ‫‪~0~1898,‬‬ ‫‪~,.,,,,.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 15 111~ (0(1)(1(00(0‬‬ ‫~‪00-51(11‬‬

‫~‪~011(18~ 0(0‬‬ ‫‪(11 (1 5~~~111~0 00-51(11~ ~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪(1110 100~11011 1~(0~~((110(~.‬‬

‫‪~...1.~8~ ..818 01 ...58 01 011-51818 ~0~1898,‬‬ ‫‪(/.,,/(/1.‬‬ ‫‪(1)/0/ 15 111~(01111(00(0‬‬

‫~‪~(110‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ ((11~ 0~ (15~ 0~ ~0(~(1(0‬‬ ‫~‪~011(18‬‬ ‫~‪~111~11 (0(1)1 ~(105‬‬ ‫‪5~11~111118 ~(0(0‬‬ ‫‪0~~-‬‬
‫‪51(11~ 10 00-51(11~.‬‬

‫‪490‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~~‪(.81‬‬‫‪9 ~~ 9 1, /(.‬‬ ‫‪11. 15 10~ 11111111110111‬‬
‫‪111100~ ~0((~111 ~01~0 15 (~().01(~0‬‬
‫‪10 11111111111111‬‬
‫‪10~ 10)1(1510( 111 10~ 011-51111~ 1111111~01111~1)1‬‬
‫‪1111~( 11 10)1(1510( 0115 0~~11‬‬
‫‪10(11~0 011 1111010~ ~111~ 51~111110115 0~~11 (~1110~~0.‬‬

‫~~‪~0‬‬ ‫~~ ‪9‬‬ ‫‪9 1, /1/.‬‬ ‫‪1/-/ 15 10~ 11111111110111111100~ ~0((~111‬‬ ‫‪10 11111111111111‬‬‫~‪10‬‬
‫(‪10)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪111 10~ 011-51111~.‬‬ ‫‪10~ 0010111~ ~0((~11115‬‬ ‫‪1~55 101111 10~ 1111~0111~ ~0((~111.‬‬

‫‪~98~ 0 51819 ~~ 9 1, /,,.‬‬ ‫‪1/1 15 10~ ~~11/( 11151111111111~005‬‬

‫~‪~1110~ 01 011-51111‬‬
‫‪~0((~111.‬‬ ‫‪11 0~~~1105 011 10~ 0,1/0,( 11110~1010 01 ~0((~111 ~015~.‬‬ ‫‪10~ 5~11~0111~ 1055~5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~0010‬‬ ‫‪0~~~110 011 10~ ~1110~ 011/1, ~015~ ~1010,‬‬ ‫‪111100,1/0,( 115500~11111 ~1~. 14-18.6.‬‬

‫~‪~98~ ...9~9...59 ~~ 9 1, //1///1. /8./.115 10~ ~~11/( ~1110~ 01 (~~~(5~ ~0((~11111110‬‬

‫‪11111)(11110111‬‬
‫‪)011~11011 1~111~~(1110(~ 1111011111)(11110111‬‬
‫‪(~~~1111~~ ~~11/( (~~~(5~ ~01111~~ ~110‬‬
‫‪~111~ 0~~11.‬‬ ‫‪1015 ~0((~111 ~0010‬‬ ‫‪~1105~ )011~11011 0~111111~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~98~ 0~-51819‬‬ ‫‪~~ 9 1, /0///1. 10/.1 15 10~ ~~11/( ~1110~ 01 011-51111~ ~0((~111 111‬‬
‫‪10~ 11111)(11110111‬‬
‫‪)011~11011 1~111~~(1110(~ 1111011111)(11110111‬‬
‫~~‪(~~~1111~~ ~~11/( (~~~(5~ ~01111‬‬
‫‪~110 ~111~ 0~~11.‬‬ ‫‪1015 ~0((~111 ~0010 11150 ~1105~ )011~11011 0~111111~.‬‬

‫‪~9~9...59‬‬ ‫~‪...9~0~9...9‬‬ ‫‪~~8...99,‬‬ ‫‪0/1/1.‬‬ ‫‪(28.8. 15 10~ 111110011101 ~011(~~ ~11((1~(5‬‬

‫‪~01~0 0115 10 0~ (~~0~~(~0‬‬ ‫‪00(111~ 10~ 10(11-011 ~(0~~55.‬‬ ‫‪115 ~1110~ 15 0~1~(111111~0‬‬
‫‪1(0111 10~ 11(~11~11~105~0 0)110~ ~1110 0110~ (~~~(5~ (~~0~~()1 ~0((~111.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~1110~ 01‬‬
‫~‪(28.8. 0~~~1105 011 10~ (111~ 0111111 01 011-51111~~0((~111 1111010~ ~~11/( ~1110~ 01 011-51111‬‬
‫‪~0((~111 0~10(~ 10(11-011.‬‬ ‫‪(28.8. ~1105~5 ~0((~5~0110111~ ~11~(~)11055 ~110111 10~ 0~~1~~.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪~1~0(~ 14-18.9 500~510‬‬
‫‪10~ (~~~(5~ ~11~(~)11055.‬‬

‫~‪..‬‬ ‫‪~1.0‬‬
‫‪(~51511111~~ 0~1~~~11‬‬
‫‪10-~8591~9‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫~‪1)1~1~111(~~~(5‬‬

‫‪8~ ...95.518‬‬
‫(~‪)011~11011 11110 001‬‬
‫‪(~~0~~(~0‬‬

‫‪~9, 111~~.‬‬
‫‪~011(~~ 11110~1~. 14-18.10‬‬

‫~‪~115~ 0110‬‬
‫‪10~ 0~111 1(111151~( 1101/11)1 01111111~(11115 11110 111~~011111~111 ~01151(0~11011‬‬
‫~~‪~(0.1~ 15 10~ ~11~~11‬‬
‫‪0~~1~~.‬‬ ‫‪1115‬‬
‫‪500~5‬‬

‫‪10~(111111‬‬
‫~(‪11 111~1150‬‬
‫~‪0110‬‬
‫‪01‬‬
‫‪10)1(1510(.‬‬
‫~(‪~1~0‬‬ ‫‪14-18.11‬‬ ‫‪500~5‬‬ ‫~~‪10~ 10~(1111111111~~01111‬‬ ‫(~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪1(111151~111-~0110111011.‬‬

‫‪()~ 9819 ~~ 9 1101‬‬ ‫‪999..., /6.,..‬‬ ‫~‪10715 10~ (~~0111111~110~0 ~1110~ 0110~ ~111‬‬
‫‪~0((~111 11111 5~~~111~0 ~115~ 1~111~~(1110(~. 10~ 11111111110111‬‬‫‪1111011111)(11110111‬‬
‫‪~1110~5 01‬‬
‫‪/0711(~ 110(1111111)1‬‬
‫‪5~~~111~0, 1111111~1)1‬‬
‫‪70 10 150 111~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1)1~1~111~111~ ~011(11~1~(1511~5‬‬
‫‪11(~ 500~11111 ~1~. 14-18.12.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪()~ 9819 ~0~1899 10 1 999..., ~ 6.,..‬‬ ‫~‪~ 07 15 10~ (~~0111111~110~0 ~1110~ 01 ~111‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~01111~~ 11111 5~~~111~0 ~115~ 1~111~~(1110(~. 10~ 11111111110111‬‬ ‫‪1111011111)(11110111‬‬

‫‪~1110~5 01‬‬
‫‪~ 0. 11(~ 110(1111111)1‬‬
‫‪5~~~111~0, 1111111~1)11.210 2.5 ~.‬‬

‫‪()~ 9819‬‬ ‫‪~0~1899‬‬ ‫‪0110‬‬ ‫‪1 999...,‬‬ ‫‪~ 60.‬‬ ‫~‪~ 00 15 10~ ~1110~ 0110‬‬ ‫~~‪~111~ ~01111‬‬
‫)~‪~01~0 00~5 1101~1105~ 10~ 10)1(1510( (~110 (111~0 ~ 08./.1 0~1~~~11 111100~ 10 ~111000‬‬
‫‪10 5~11~0 1(0111 011-51111~ 10 011-51111~.‬‬ ‫‪11 15 ().001~0 1115~~~111~0 ~115~ 1~111~~(1110(~,‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪14-9‬‬
‫‪491‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪8(1~0.3 ~ (111 ~ = 1250~.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (1(~(1011=/088101~1(1~~~(10~ 18 00(01(111~ 01(1(~~0 0‬‬
‫‪111~ 01(1001(1~10(~(8‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ ~(11~ ~11(1((1~1~(1811~8(18 8110~0 10 ~1~. 14-18.9(1.‬‬

‫‪~8)(..,,‬‬ ‫~~‪,, ,,0,,..~~~1.1.‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫~ ~‪9‬‬ ‫‪~,,1. /.,.5/9/1. 115~ 18 10~ 01(1)(1010011=/~(-‬‬
‫~‪01188101‬‬ ‫‪1=/~(1~ ~0((~01‬‬ ‫~‪0111(111-810‬‬ ‫~~‪~(1‬‬ ‫‪~1111 (1 00((11100‬‬ ‫~‪01 00(01(111‬‬ ‫‪10 018 (11 (1‬‬
‫‪81=/~~111~0 1~011=/~((110(~.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪(~1=/~111100‬‬ ‫~‪18 1=/~(01188101‬‬ ‫~‪001‬‬ ‫‪(111~( 111~ ~)(1=/1((11100 01 (1‬‬
‫‪0110101001‬‬ ‫‪101~(~(11‬‬ ‫~~‪10 (~00‬‬ ‫‪111~ 100~1100‬‬ ‫~(‪1~011=/~((110‬‬ ‫~‪10 (1110~(101‬‬ ‫‪((10~~.‬‬ ‫‪11118‬‬
‫~‪1=/~3~ 1=/~(01188101‬‬ ‫~‪~310‬‬ ‫‪~3(1~8‬‬ ‫(~‪~1111 111~ 00010‬‬ ‫‪01 (~1=/~1111008.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~0‬‬ ‫‪14-18.13‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪8110~8‬‬ ‫‪111~ (13)(101001‬‬ ‫~~(‪~(110~ 011=/~(1~ 80‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫(~‪~1111111~ 00010‬‬ ‫‪01 ~0((~011=/018~8.‬‬

‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪0,, 1‬‬ ‫‪~. 1.,.‬‬ ‫~‪(,, 18 111~0110101001 ~310~ 011101~ 101~(~(110~1~~~0 111‬‬
‫‪1081(101 ~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 00-81(11‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪11(18 0~~(~38~0‬‬ ‫‪10 2~(0‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1081(101 ~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫(‪111~(1810‬‬ ‫~‪18 ~31=/(101‬‬ ‫~‪01 ~111181(10010‬‬ ‫‪10(~(1(0‬‬ ‫‪(,, 0~1=/~1108‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫~‪~111100110(010‬‬ ‫‪00.‬‬
‫‪00‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 1=/~(1~ ~310‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫~‪00-81(11‬‬ ‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1081(101(10~008‬‬ ‫~‪00-8131‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~.‬‬
‫~(‪~1~0‬‬ ‫‪14-18.14‬‬ ‫‪8110~8‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(1(1311008‬‬ ‫~‪0110(0-0111101‬‬ ‫‪(1~(110811081(101(10~008‬‬ ‫~‪00-81(11‬‬
‫‪~011(1~~.‬‬

‫~)))‪~~301‬‬ ‫‪14-4‬‬

‫‪10~ ~~5011311111015~ 111.,,~~1~~ 111 ~1~. 8-273 05~5 311 1~ 10~~1510~ 011~11~ 830~~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪111.,,~~1~~035 3 0~ 51111111~.,,0113~~ 01115‬‬ ‫‪200~,‬‬ ‫~~‪~3113~11311‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫~‬
‫=‬ ‫~~‪= 80 ~~, 111011~1311‬‬
‫‪011- = 12.8 ~1-1, 3110 ~~5151311~~ 01 ~ = 0 11. 10~ 11111131‬‬ ‫=‪~3113~110~.,,0113~~, 11..-0‬‬
‫‪200 ~ 3110 10~ 5~11~0111~ 1~~().11~11~~, 1,. = 4 )(1-12. 0~1~~111111~ 10~ (3) 5~11~0111~ 1055 01‬‬
‫‪10~~1510~, 115~(0) ~~.,,~~5~ ~~~0.,,~~~0‬‬ ‫~~~‪~03‬‬ ‫‪0110~~1510~,‬‬ ‫~~~‪(2~~~ 3110 (~) ~~.,,~~5~ ~~~0.,,‬‬
‫‪110~~~ 1055 0110~~1510~,‬‬ ‫‪11,,..‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪80)0~100 115= 200~,‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~11~~~11110~011~0 10~0510‬‬
‫‪11..-0= 200~,‬‬ ‫‪1- = 12.8 ~1-1, ~ = 80 ~~, 31101,. = 40001-12.‬‬
‫‪11 ~311 0~ 1011110 1~0111‬‬

‫‪1/ /1-~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬

‫)((‪1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪2115‬‬
‫~‬ ‫()‪5111 (,‬‬

‫~‪~11~~~111~3.,,~10~111 0110~~1510‬‬ ‫‪11 15 500~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬

‫)‪(14-18‬‬

‫‪14-19.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪...1~~~ 14-19‬‬ ‫‪111~(1510( (11~~~(111(1~)(-‬‬

‫‪310~1~ 14-4.‬‬

‫‪492‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪-80‬‬
‫‪/~ = 2~,‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪- = 2‬‬
‫‪1,‬‬
‫()‪)( 200‬‬
‫‪~ 12.8‬‬
‫~ ‪= 1000‬‬

‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ ~00011~1100‬‬ ‫‪6111~ 01 11 15‬‬

‫‪(1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪~12.8‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪80 = 100.5‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬

‫‪(3) ~0~ /,, = 1000 ~ 300 (1 = 100.5 ~5, ~1~. 14-18.6‬‬ ‫~~~~‪~1,,,~51/1~ 5~11~/110~ ~0‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪1055 ~.~./,~ 0.15‬‬ ‫‪1. 1/1~ 5~11~/110~ ~0~~~ 1055 15 11, = ~5/5‬‬ ‫‪4000 = 600~.‬‬ ‫‪= 0.15‬‬
‫= ~‪(0) ~~0111~(). (2-17), 01/0( = 2~/1, = 2 )( 200/12.8 = 31.25 ~/~5. ~0~ /‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪/,/0.1 = 1000~,‬‬ ‫‪~1~. 14-18.9 ~1,,,~51/1~ ~~,,,~~5~ ~~~0,,,~~~0 ~/13~~~ 35 (.2~~ = 37 ~~.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~0~ 01/0( = 31.25 ~/~5 300 /,, = 1000~,‬‬ ‫~‪~1~. 14-18.10 ~1,,,~5 1/1~ ~~,,,~~5‬‬
‫‪~0~~~~ 1055, ~~ = 1400 ~1 = 0.00141.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ ~~,,,~~5~~~~0,,,~~~ ~0~~~ 1055, 11~ = ~~/5‬‬
‫‪)( 4000‬‬
‫‪= 0.0014‬‬ ‫‪= 5.6~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~(~‪1-/0(~. 111~ (~,,,~(8~ (~~0,,,‬‬ ‫~ ‪1088,‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫=(‬ ‫)~‪5.6‬‬ ‫‪18 11~8118101~ ~0111~3(~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 111‬‬
‫‪8~11~111118‬‬ ‫‪1088,‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫=(‬ ‫)‪600 ~.‬‬
‫~‪~,.301))1‬‬ ‫‪14-5‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬ ‫~~~‪1~ 1/1~~1510~ 011‬‬ ‫~~‪530‬‬ ‫‪~3(~1~5 3 ~11~~~01 35 5/10~010‬‬ ‫‪~1~. 14-20‬‬ ‫‪300 1/1~ ~11~~~01‬‬
‫‪~1115~ 15 ~~~~31~0‬‬ ‫~~‪31 3 1~~()11~0‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫= ~‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪1-12.‬‬ ‫~‪1)~1~~11110‬‬ ‫)‪1/1~ (3‬‬ ‫~~‪3,,,~~3‬‬ ‫~‪00-5131‬‬

‫~~~‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪1055, 11,~ (0) 00-5131‬‬ ‫‪,,,0113~~, ~,~ (~) 111~0-0116111~, (~~ 300 (0) ~~,,,~~5~ ~~~0,,,~~~0‬‬
‫‪~/13~~~,‬‬ ‫‪(.2~~.‬‬ ‫‪~5511111~ 3 )(10~600‬‬ ‫~‪1~111~~~3111~~ 011‬‬ ‫‪= 1250~.‬‬
‫‪80101100 /~ = /,/0.1= 1000~,‬‬ ‫~‪1 = 1//, = 1/50 = 201115, 300 (, = (2 = 5 ~5. 1/1‬‬
‫~~‪3,,,~~3‬‬ ‫~‪00-5131‬‬ ‫‪~(1~~~01 15‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫= ‪/,‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪20,000‬‬
‫‪(0.5 )( 5 )( 1000 + (20,000‬‬

‫~ ‪= 999.5‬‬
‫‪- 2‬‬

‫‪(3) 510~~ 1/1~ 5~11~/110~ 1~~()11~0~~15 10~, ~1~. 14-18.4151/1~ 3~~~0~~131~ 00~ 10‬‬
‫)‪)( 5) )( 1000 + 0.5 )( 1000‬‬

‫‪1/00 1/1~ 00-5131~ ~0~~~ 1055. ~0~ 0~ 0~~~3600, 11, = 2000 ~.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~0~ /,, = 1000~,‬‬ ‫‪~1~. 14-18.5 ~1,,,~51/1~ 00-5131~ ,,,0113~~ ~, = 1.8~.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~0~~, = 1.8~, 3001~~~~,‬‬ ‫‪~1~. 14-18.14 ~1,,,~51/1~111~0-0116111~,(~ = 24 ~5.‬‬

‫)‪1,-(.6.‬‬
‫‪1000 -‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪- -‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪20~5‬‬

‫‪493‬‬
‫‪58~. 14-9‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪(0) ~0(1,, = 1,/,1 = 1000,6.‬‬ ‫‪(1110 01/0( = 200 ,6.//-1-8. ~1,~11(~ 14-18.9‬‬ ‫~(~‪~1,,,~8 (~~0,,,‬‬
‫‪~11(1(~~, (28.8. = 94 /-1-~.‬‬

‫‪14-9.2‬‬ ‫‪6~0‬‬ ‫‪~8...8811616...5‬‬

‫‪~1~0(~ 14-21 800~8 10~ 0(11(1 80~~1 0~ 10~ 1111~..11(111011(11‬‬

‫~‪~~~11~1~( (1~) 010‬‬ ‫~‪550‬‬
‫‪~~5,‬‬ ‫‪1600 ~, 1~~~ 350~11.‬‬ ‫‪10~ 011-81(11~ (1110 0~~-81(11~ ~(1((1(11~1~(8 3(~ 10~1111~31‬‬
‫~~~‪10 1031 0~ 5‬‬ ‫‪0111~ 10~ 10(11-0~~ ~31~ ~03(3~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 01~~~(~111.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0~ 9819 ~(.8 981110 1 999..., /6.,..‬‬ ‫‪10.,.18 10~ 10~~81 ~310~ 0~ 10~ ~31~ ~0((~111‬‬
‫~‪~01~0 ~1111(1~~~(10‬‬ ‫‪010‬‬ ‫~‪313 8~~~1~1~0 ~38~ 1~(11~~(310(~, 31100~-~31000‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~,‬‬
‫‪3110 011-8131~ ~0..(~111. ~1~0(~8 14-21.9 3110 14-21.9(1 800~ 10~ ~31~ ~03(3~1~(1811~8‬‬
‫‪(1110 10~ (1(~(18 0~ ~088101~ 1(1~~~..111~ ~011118.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪0~ 9816 ~0~1896 10 1 999..., 1/6.,..‬‬ ‫‪~ 01 18 10~ 10~~81 ~310~ 0~ ~(11~ ~0113~6‬‬
‫‪1031 ~1111(1~~~( 10~ 010‬‬ ‫~‪31 (1 8~~~1~1~0 ~38~ 1~(11~~(310(~, 31100~-~31000‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~,‬‬
‫‪3110 011-81(11~ ~0..(~111.‬‬

‫~‪~8)(.811(.8811 ~98‬‬ ‫‪~05.1.~9‬‬ ‫‪9816 ~(.8 6811,‬‬ ‫‪+ /6///1.‬‬ ‫~‪+ 10/.11810‬‬ ‫~‪(11(1)(1(110(11 ~~(1‬‬
‫‪~08111~~ ~(11~ ~0((~111 31 3 8~~~1~1~0 ~31~ ~018~ ~1010.‬‬

‫‪~8)(.811(.8811 ...6~91.1.~6‬‬ ‫~‪~98‬‬ ‫‪816981.~6‬‬ ‫‪9819‬‬ ‫‪~0~1896,‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1/6~///1.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~ 0~/.1 18‬‬
‫‪10~ (113)(1(110(11~~3~ 11~~311~~ ~31~ ~0113~~ 1031 (11081 0~ 3~~11~0 10 10~ ~(11~ 1(11(11~-‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪0131~1~ 3~1~( 10..11-0~~ 10 ~(~~~111 (~1(1~~~..111~ 0~ 10~ 010.‬‬

‫~‪~8)(.811(.8811 ~68‬‬
‫~‪3110~(101~ ~~3‬‬
‫‪816981.~9‬‬ ‫‪9819‬‬
‫‪11~~311~~ ~(11~ ~0..(~111, ~0~11 10~ 010‬‬
‫‪~(.8 9811, - /6///1.‬‬ ‫‪-10/.1‬‬ ‫‪18 10~ (113)(1(110(11‬‬
‫‪18 11110~ 0~~-8131~.‬‬

‫‪~(.8...81-081 1.8116,‬‬ ‫‪(~1.‬‬ ‫‪1(),(18 10~ 11(11~ (~()01(~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~0(11~1~1‬‬ ‫‪10~ 10(11-011‬‬ ‫‪~(0~~88.‬‬
‫‪1118‬‬ ‫‪(11~(180(~0‬‬ ‫‪~(0(11 10~ 111813111 0~ 10%‬‬ ‫~‪0~ ~31‬‬ ‫‪~0((~11110‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 11181(111131 ~01~010‬‬
‫~‪31100‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪(~(1~0~8‬‬ ‫‪10%‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 10~ 80~~1‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫~~‪3 (~81811‬‬ ‫‪1030.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~31‬‬
‫‪~0..(~111‬‬ ‫‪(11081 0~ (11311113111~0 ~0( (1 1011~ ~1100~0‬‬ ‫~(‪11(11~ 0~ 1(),( 10 ~1180‬‬ ‫‪10(11 10~ 10(11-‬‬
‫‪011 18 ~0(11~1~1~.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~0‬‬ ‫‪14.21.10‬‬ ‫‪800~8‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~3(1(111011 0~ 10(11-011‬‬ ‫‪11(11~ ~110‬‬ ‫~‪011-81(11‬‬
‫‪~0((~111,‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪14-21.13‬‬ ‫‪800~8‬‬ ‫~‪10~ ~0..(~8~0110111‬‬ ‫‪(113)(1(110(11 10(11-011‬‬ ‫~~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪1088.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪10(11-011‬‬ ‫‪1088‬‬ ‫‪0~~~1108‬‬ ‫~‪011 10‬‬ ‫~‪0~~-81(11‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪3110 0~~0(11~8‬‬ ‫‪(113)(1(110(11 ~110‬‬
‫~~‪..~81811‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫~‪3110 (111111(110(11 ~(110‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~1/~1.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~.81.811(.8811‬‬ ‫‪081-1.8116,‬‬ ‫‪(001.‬‬ ‫~‪100. 18 10~ (111111(110(11~310‬‬ ‫~(‪0~ 011-11(11~ 10 ~1180‬‬ ‫‪1031‬‬
‫~‪311 ~31000‬‬ ‫~‪18131108 3..‬‬ ‫‪~011~ 10(11~0‬‬ ‫‪011.‬‬ ‫‪1018‬‬ ‫‪11(1111 18 3180‬‬ ‫‪80~~(1(11~08~0‬‬ ‫~‪011 10‬‬
‫‪(~()01(~(11~111‬‬ ‫‪1031‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪010‬‬ ‫~‪(11081 0‬‬ ‫(‪011 ~0‬‬ ‫~‪80~~1~1~111 11(11~ 10 (1110‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(~‪811000‬‬
‫(‪~3~(1~110‬‬ ‫~~(‪10 018~0(1‬‬ ‫‪~011~.‬‬

‫‪~8)(.811(.8811‬‬ ‫‪18~~ 1.8119,‬‬ ‫‪(,.‬‬ ‫~‪1/18 10~ (11(1)(1(110(11 ~(110~ 0~ 11(11~ ~0( 10~ 011-8131‬‬
‫‪~0(..~11110‬‬ ‫‪~(111~..0(11 90%‬‬ ‫‪0~ 011-81(11~ ~0((~11110‬‬ ‫~~‪10% 0~ 011-8131~ ~0((~111 ~110 (~81811‬‬
‫‪10308.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~0‬‬ ‫‪14-21.12‬‬ ‫‪800~8‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~3..1311011‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~311 11(11~ ~110‬‬ ‫‪011-81(11~ ~0((~111.‬‬

‫‪494‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪1200‬‬ ‫~‪.~(3‬‬ ‫‪(38~8‬‬ ‫‪~~..~11‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪0~~8‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫‪8~~8‬‬

‫‪()85~~.‬‬ ‫~‪~~.0,,/‬‬ ‫~~‪88‬‬ ‫‪~85‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(.)0~15‬‬ ‫‪,08 350~~,‬‬ ‫‪58,,85 0( (1,0 (9318 10,,,-0(() 10~,,510,5 ,5 08-‬‬
‫‪350~~.‬‬
‫‪,,,‬‬ ‫‪5.9,,80 (0, ~0,,,,8, ~0,,1,0~ 3~~~.~1,0,,5 50~0 35 0,,,,,18,,0~1,-‬‬
‫‪~.~0‬‬ ‫‪1200‬‬
‫‪,,,‬‬ ‫‪0~8 ~0,,,,8, 50~~~,85 (~~5), .3,,30~8 5~880 3~ 011010, 0,1~85,‬‬
‫)‪~.(~~5‬‬ ‫‪550‬‬
‫‪,,,‬‬ ‫‪81~. 51,,~8 108~ ~3,, 0. 10,,,80 0(( 0~ 3 ,,8931,.. ~0,,8,,1‬‬
‫)‪~.(,,,.,,‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪~0~58 10 108 9318, 0.~,~85 ,,, 108 350~~, 5.,,85 3~~0,,,, ,8-‬‬
‫~‪~~8)(.,..‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪0~~110(15 ~(10~8~8~~ 5~~8, ~8~9~1, ~051 8(10 3~0~511~~ 00158‬‬
‫‪(9)50~.‬‬ ‫‪4500‬‬ ‫‪,,,,0.,, ~0011~3,80 10 ~0,,~8,,1,0,,3~ 10~,,510,5 1031 ,8~0,,.‬‬
‫~‪~.5‬‬ ‫‪,,,‬‬
‫‪(9)60 ~.‬‬ ‫‪4700‬‬ ‫‪00~~~ ~00110110131,,,9~,,~0,15.‬‬
‫‪~2,‬‬ ‫‪(9)50~.‬‬ ‫‪101,000‬‬
‫‪,,,2.‬‬
‫‪(9)60‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪92,000‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪,,,‬‬
‫‪~~.‬‬
‫‪.,./.,,‬‬ ‫‪1000‬‬ ‫‪.,,//1.‬‬
‫‪.,./.,,‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪,,,//1.‬‬
‫~‪,9‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪/1.‬‬
‫~‪.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~~)(‪.,,~~~..,,‬‬
‫‪-40,0125‬‬
‫‪1000,0‬‬ ‫‪1600.,,‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪.,,‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪,6.~3,,30~8 ,,,,,10 0113)(,0110011‬‬
‫‪,8~.111,~8 ~.3~ 0((-51318‬‬
‫‪~0,1.9. (-.,,011,.,,,) 10 1600-.,,.‬‬

‫)‪46.3 (1.823‬‬
‫‪,,,~)(. 0~~.‬‬ ‫‪9.0‬‬ ‫)‪(0.354‬‬
‫~~‪~.4)(. 0‬‬
‫‪2 ~/...4~~5‬‬

‫‪-1,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪...)211..~ 14-21‬‬ ‫‪1)313 5/1~~1 0( 010,‬‬ ‫‪1~()~ 350~11.‬‬ ‫‪(~0/17(€5)1 0/ //1(€7/1(1(10/1(1/~€(-‬‬

‫‪(1/1€7).‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪14-9‬‬ ‫‪495‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪..~~(-,1.‬‬ ‫‪..0~(-,1‬‬ ‫‪..~5(-,1.‬‬ ‫‪..05(-,1-‬‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~8)(.‬‬ ‫‪~8~8~111~8‬‬ ‫~‪~88‬‬ ‫‪~8)(.‬‬ ‫‪~0,,-~8~81~1~~8‬‬ ‫~‪~83‬‬ ‫~‪~81,/8...‬‬
‫‪~8..,8...58 800‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬ ‫‪011~51818‬‬ ‫‪~0~1898‬‬
‫‪0//.5..1~~0~..90‬‬ ‫~‪.‬‬ ‫‪~~,.,,.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~8...1 ~0,,.,08...‬‬ ‫~‪.‬‬ ‫~‪~-400~.0 1250‬‬ ‫~‪.‬‬ ‫~‪~250~.0 1250‬‬
‫‪350~~.100‬‬ ‫‪1000‬‬ ‫‪1200‬‬
‫‪350~~.120‬‬ ‫‪1200‬‬ ‫‪1400‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪350~~.140‬‬ ‫‪1400‬‬ ‫‪1600‬‬
‫‪350~~.160‬‬ ‫‪1600‬‬ ‫‪1750‬‬

‫‪350~~.‬‬ ‫‪0.,.15‬‬ ‫‪~~0,,0.110.,5‬‬

‫‪0~.5.....0‬‬
‫)‪~.(~~5‬‬ ‫~‪~0.,,.,,8‬‬ ‫‪~~5‬‬
‫‪00-51818‬‬ ‫‪~~......8,,1‬‬ ‫‪550‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪~.(,6...‬‬ ‫‪~8)(. 3....8...398‬‬ ‫‪00-51818‬‬ ‫‪~0...,.8,,1‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬
‫‪1800‬‬ ‫‪~8~15.,,8‬‬ ‫‪~8...,8 ~0,,00~110,,.‬‬
‫~‪(21 ~... .‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬

‫‪~.(30‬‬ ‫‪~8)(.‬‬ ‫‪~0,,1..0~~80~8‬‬ ‫~‪))88‬‬

‫~‪.‬‬ ‫‪~1250~...0(-,1 ~1/2..0~~.‬‬ ‫‪(3(30 ~5. ~5 ~3.0/1~.‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪00-51818‬‬ ‫‪~.........8,,1‬‬
‫‪~018= ..5‬‬ ‫‪~600.. (21.~ ~250~. ..5‬‬ ‫‪~500.. (21.~ = 1250~.‬‬
‫‪1200‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬
‫‪(~5 ($ 1~8 ....0~18985.,1~8 ~...1~.,8))))88,-5 00 1...8 0..,,,,8.,,.~ 00-51818‬‬
‫)‪....0~1898 1,.8~8 0...,.1,,918~~ 1.018.‬‬

‫~‪~.5‬‬ ‫‪~8)(.))83~ 008 ~..,,~~8.000-‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪~~.,8~1~..,,~~8‬‬

‫‪$~,,8 ~8....8‬‬
‫‪4500‬‬ ‫‪~0~10~.,,9 80..,, (8180 ~080 ~0,,0.1.0,,.‬‬
‫‪..-8))8181...,850(98 ~0,.,..8,,1‬‬ ‫‪0..- 6 ,,,$ ,.8~18,,90~8... ))...~58‬‬
‫‪...‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪~.1.,..-3180 ....,~~~ 8))))~180 1000~-‬‬
‫‪4700‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪~~03~1~..,,~~8‬‬ ‫‪$808 ~8....8‬‬
‫‪.09 50,..98. 5~8 10,..090 100..,, 00.‬‬
‫‪0..- 5 /115 ,.8~18,,9...~8,. ))0~58‬‬
‫‪,2.‬‬ ‫‪~3)(. ~21 ~3))800.1.,, 10,..105109‬‬ ‫‪101.000‬‬ ‫‪1 ==10.,,5‬‬ ‫‪88~~0‬‬ ‫‪8,,,,~.~010~~0~.119‬‬ ‫‪50,.9~.‬‬
‫~‪~88‬‬
‫‪...2.‬‬ ‫‪.0.~.8~,....‬‬ ‫‪~12508.‬‬
‫‪92.000‬‬ ‫‪~= 8.3‬‬ ‫‪1115‬‬

‫~‪..,.‬‬ ‫~~‪~8)(.,,88~ 00-5~8‬‬ ‫‪3.42‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬

‫~‪~0~~89‬‬ ‫‪.~ = 250~.‬‬ ‫)‪~.(.....‬‬
‫‪= 350... (1100...‬‬ ‫‪~...).‬‬ ‫‪~(,= 4...‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪0~/0‬‬

‫‪~0~ 8-‬‬
‫~‪~~,-~/)~~3~~3~~,,~..9 ~0,.,.8..‬‬

‫‪~~,-~/)~~8~ ,,0~0~..9‬‬

‫‪8~0~~~~(3‬‬

‫‪~~11. ~,.~~.~8~ ,.8~8-01-,.~58‬‬

‫‪01 011-5~8~8 ~0~~898‬‬

‫‪~8)(.,,88~ 011-5~8~8 800‬‬

‫~‪~0,.,.8..‬‬

‫‪1000‬‬

‫‪400‬‬
‫‪30‬‬

‫‪30‬‬
‫‪...‬‬

‫‪...‬‬

‫‪../~.‬‬
‫~‪.‬‬

‫~‪.~ = 250‬‬

‫‪(38~8‬‬
‫~‪~250‬‬

‫~‪~0~~89~ -2‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪(38~~-~0~8~/100~ ,.85.5~811~8‬‬

‫‪,-..‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪1250~.‬‬ ‫‪~0~ - ,.8~80‬‬
‫‪= 211‬‬
‫~‪.~ = 1250‬‬
‫‪..0‬‬
‫~‪= 1/2 ..08‬‬

‫‪~08~. ,,88~ 011-5~8~8 ~0,.,.8..18,,,,~~85‬‬

‫‪,.8~8,.58 ~0,.,.801‬‬ ‫‪,.,,...‬‬ ‫‪~0,.-2~ 0,. 1110,.8 ..898~1~8 98~8 ~0~~8980,. 10,. 9818-10~8~,,008‬‬
‫~‪18‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬
‫‪,.8515~8.,~8 211.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪5~1.~~1~(3‬‬

‫‪0,/0.‬‬ ‫‪~8)(. ,.8,,81.1.~8‬‬ ‫~‪,.8~8-01-,.8$‬‬ ‫‪0,(3/0.‬‬ ‫‪~5.../~..‬‬ ‫~‪+~(3‬‬ ‫~‪~10.... ~.‬‬ ‫‪~1200....‬‬
‫‪0110,...80-0..‬‬ ‫‪~0,.,.8111‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪.../~.‬‬
‫‪..0‬‬ ‫‪~1/2 ..08~.‬‬
‫‪~8)(. 10,.,,.00‬‬
‫‪.9.‬‬ ‫‪1~1118‬‬ ‫‪19~ ~5111~850,.80 ~,.001 ~.,$~8..1 81 ~,,~~,, ~(3= 0.1 ~(3~ 10 ~0$~8..1 81‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~,,~~,, ~0=0.1~0~~1,,‬‬ ‫‪,.85~$~.~8~080. ,-.)= 12508.‬‬ ‫‪~,-= 1200.6.,‬‬
‫‪+~(3~ = 10....0,(3/0.‬‬ ‫‪= 5 ...//1....0‬‬ ‫‪= 1/2 ..08~.‬‬
‫‪.00‬‬ ‫‪~.0. ~8,.111.55.0~8011.~11118‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪~51/18 18018 0~9558,.,,‬‬ ‫‪~091150,.8 ~/18180‬‬ ‫‪~8~/1008 1$~8,,05 8,.8 111‬‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪000000.,00.‬‬ ‫‪.~ = 1250~. 1.‬‬ ‫‪~1200.... ..,0 = , /2 ..0~~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪~(3‬‬ ‫‪~10....0,(3/0.‬‬ ‫‪= 60 .../~..‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪~8)(. 9818~0111,.0‬‬
‫‪.90‬‬ ‫‪~80‬‬ ‫‪19() 85 018850,.801,.0111 ~11518111‬‬ ‫‪8~ ~/1.~/11(3 - 24,6. 10 80518,,181‬‬
‫‪10,.,,-0111.018‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~/1~~/1~,- = 120.6.‬‬ ‫‪~/1/1,.958511..,8 ~080. ... = 1250~,‬‬ ‫‪~,- 1200.6.,‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪~0,(3/0. 0 60 .../~.. (3(30 = 5.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪--‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬
‫~(‬ ‫~ ‪(3(30‬‬
‫‪.3,,,,~~80-~(30‬‬
‫‪~0,.~80 ~0,.0-01~ 98~,,.‬‬ ‫‪~,-‬‬
‫‪= 011-51819 ~0,.,.801.‬‬ ‫~~‪,6.,,,,~880 1(30 = 1118)(8111001099818~8 9818 ~0,.,.8..100,.~0910,.0-0‬‬ ‫‪1,1(8,.~8~.‬‬

‫)‪0‬‬ ‫‪~~88~ ,.8 8,.~8‬‬ ‫‪0~18985‬‬ ‫~~~~‪8‬‬ ‫‪10,. ~8~0‬‬ ‫‪0,. 0898~...,8‬‬ ‫‪9818‬‬ ‫‪0,1.398.‬‬

‫‪496‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~350~~,.‬‬ ‫‪~~0~~$‬‬ ‫‪~000~~.00$‬‬

‫)(~~~~‪5,,.,,~,.‬‬ ‫)‪(~00..00.0‬‬

‫‪.1‬‬ ‫~~‪~8)(.18‬‬ ‫‪1~,,,8‬‬ ‫‪~1~$018850,.80 1...001 10$1~....181‬‬ ‫‪~.,1~., 1,-‬‬ ‫‪== 1080.4‬‬ ‫‪10 .....51801 81‬‬
‫‪~.,.~.,~,..== 120.6.‬‬ ‫‪,.,,,‬‬ ‫‪1250~.~,.‬‬ ‫‪1200~.‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪,..‬‬ ‫‪~.1., ..-85.5180/8‬‬ ‫‪~080.‬‬ ‫==‬ ‫==‬
‫‪~0 = 1/2‬‬ ‫‪~0~~.‬‬ ‫‪0,()/0.‬‬
‫‪= 60‬‬
‫‪,../,..,‬‬ ‫‪()()0‬‬
‫‪= 5.‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~......,,8,.,,,~$$.0~8‬‬ ‫‪011-11018‬‬ ‫‪1011‬‬ ‫‪.5018850(801..0011.,8.....51801‬‬ ‫‪81‬‬ ‫‪~.,1~., 1.,8‬‬ ‫‪10.-0-011‬‬ ‫‪()0~58.$‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪.011‬‬
‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪,..‬‬ ‫‪8()()/880 10 1.,8 9819 10 1.,8 88,.~.8$1 8051801 81‬‬ ‫‪~1~.,1.,8 (3,.0 ,,,8~ ))8‬‬
‫‪,..,,99.,.0.‬‬ ‫‪,.~ = 1 250~,‬‬ ‫‪~,. = 1200,.., 0,()/0.‬‬ ‫‪= 60 ,../,.., ()()0 = 5.‬‬
‫)(~~~~)()(~~‪,.‬‬

‫)~‪~()~(,..‬‬ ‫‪~8)(.‬‬ ‫‪8..,8..89810,......,8(0‬‬ ‫‪,,.,,‬‬

‫‪()0~8,.‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪9818‬‬
‫‪(=0,......,8(0 9818 ()0.....,8... .5 (),.00...~80‬‬ ‫‪0~ ()0511...,8‬‬
‫~~)(~‬ ‫~‪~8)(. ()88‬‬ ‫‪...8..,8..58‬‬ ‫‪,,.,,‬‬ ‫‪~...,.,.801, ...8..,8..-58 9818 ()0~,.‬‬ ‫‪.$ ()...00....~80‬‬
‫‪18.000‬‬ ‫)(‪1‬‬ ‫‪~5~5.‬‬ ‫‪9818‬‬
‫‪9818‬‬ ‫‪()0.....,8..-‬‬ ‫‪0..,, 1189811..,8 9818‬‬ ‫‪~....,.,.801.‬‬

‫)~‪~6~(.4.‬‬ ‫‪~8)(. 8..,8...898‬‬ ‫‪.-8..,8,..59‬‬ ‫‪,,.,,‬‬

‫‪80‬‬
‫‪9818‬‬ ‫‪()0.....,8.-‬‬

‫~‪~8)(. ()88‬‬ ‫‪()0$111..,8‬‬ ‫)(‪1‬‬ ‫‪~100‬‬ ‫‪~5.‬‬ ‫‪~0$.13..,8 9818‬‬ ‫‪~....,.,.8111018.,.‬‬ ‫‪1101 08 8()()~.80‬‬ ‫‪00...119‬‬
‫~)(~‪+‬‬ ‫‪9818‬‬ ‫‪,..‬‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫‪~....,.,.8,,1‬‬ ‫‪(8..,8.-59‬‬ ‫‪,.~0..,8,...,.‬‬ ‫‪1,,18,...,8~.‬‬

‫~)(~‪-‬‬ ‫~‪~8)(. ()88‬‬ ‫‪089~1~~8‬‬ ‫‪9818‬‬ ‫~‪,.‬‬ ‫‪0~()(0~,09.‬‬

‫‪01,..‬‬ ‫‪1250~,‬‬ ‫~)(~_‬ ‫‪,...0‬‬ ‫‪-~()~~,‬‬ ‫~~‪5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪~~,..,..801‬‬

‫~~)(~‪-‬‬ ‫‪~~)(.‬‬ ‫‪,..8~8111~~8‬‬ ‫~‪~88‬‬

‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪~5~~ 0~0~~~09.‬‬
‫‪089811~8 9818 ...,0~1898‬‬
‫‪1(),.‬‬ ‫‪~8)(.,..8~~.,..90 0~ 9818‬‬ ‫~‪,.‬‬
‫‪4.6‬‬ ‫~‪= -400‬‬ ‫‪~8)(. ,..8~~1,..80‬‬ ‫‪9818‬‬ ‫‪1,..~999,..‬‬ ‫‪~~,..,..80185 1~8‬‬ ‫‪~0~51‬‬
‫‪~~,..,..801101,..~998,..‬‬
‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪,.,‬‬ ‫~‪,.‬‬ ‫~‪250‬‬ ‫‪~8~~8‬‬ ‫‪1,...998,..8~( ~0~15 ~,1~+12 ...,0(15‬‬
‫~~‪~~~~~~.‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪80008-10~~1~008800 (.‬‬ ‫‪50~ 8118,.. 1,..8998,..~09‬‬
‫==‬
‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫=~‪,.‬‬ ‫~‪1250‬‬

‫‪~8)(.,..8~~~,..80 0~ 9818‬‬ ‫~‪,.‬‬ ‫‪~8)(. ,..8~~,,..80 9818 1,..1998,.. ~011898.5 108 (0~851‬‬
‫‪~(),.‬‬ ‫‪1.25‬‬ ‫~‪= -400‬‬ ‫‪8(( 00115 ~11~+12 ~0(15‬‬
‫‪~0~1898 10 1,...998,..‬‬ ‫‪~~8~~8‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~~~~~1,..~998,..‬‬
‫~‪,.‬‬ ‫~‪250‬‬ ‫‪80008.10~81~009‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫~‪50‬‬ ‫‪8118,..‬‬ ‫‪1,..8998,..~09‬‬
‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫==‬

‫~‪,.‬‬ ‫‪.)~0~1~00 0~8,..8~109‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬

‫‪18,..,,~8,..81~,..8‬‬ ‫‪,..8098‬‬ ‫‪-40.0125‬‬

‫‪510,..898‬‬ ‫‪18,..,,~8,..81~,..8‬‬ ‫‪,..8098‬‬ ‫‪-40.0125‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬

‫‪.519‬‬
‫‪~8)(. ~018,..0~~ 1~8,..,..,,81‬‬ ‫‪~/,,.,,‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0~8,..~1800~ 00~0(8 5808 ~00~80.‬‬
‫~~‪~.0‬‬ ‫‪0.035‬‬ ‫‪0.9.‬‬
‫‪,..85.5~80~8.1~0~1~00-10~858‬‬ ‫‪01000110910,0.‬‬ ‫‪= 11750~ (2650101).‬‬
‫‪.~9,..,..,,8~ ,..8515180~8. 008 ~018‬‬

‫‪,.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪,,,.‬‬
‫‪~.0~5‬‬
‫‪~18~8 10 0....8‬‬
‫‪~0~....1~0910,..~8‬‬

‫‪,6.~~,..0)(101818 .....,8.9~1‬‬
‫‪~85851..,.~8‬‬
‫‪~881 08551~810,..‬‬

‫‪~~0.‬‬
‫‪~~8)(.‬‬
‫‪0.02‬‬

‫)‪10.600 (2400‬‬
‫)‪12,900 (2900‬‬
‫)‪360 (12.7‬‬
‫‪~~,‬‬
‫‪,.,-38‬‬
‫‪0.9.‬‬

‫)‪001‬‬
‫)‪9 (02.‬‬
‫‪~/,,.,,‬‬ ‫‪~0001~09 50,..18~8 5,..,,001~.1~81 8....0 9,..98580.‬‬

‫‪130‬‬ ‫‪130.----‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪110‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪0.. 100‬‬
‫~‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~~‪.‬‬
‫‪600‬‬

‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫)‪.=.9. 1 - /‬‬ ‫~ ‪9. 001-81.1.‬‬ ‫‪01( 1,/.. ~.)(.,.,,0,.,, /).~~0,,,.~~.‬‬ ‫)‪.=.9. 2 - /‬‬ ‫~ ‪9. 0..-81.1.‬‬ ‫‪11,/.. ~.)(.,.,,..,.,, /).1~0,,,.~~.‬‬
‫‪~..‬‬ ‫(‪,..,.,,~...‬‬ ‫‪(8‬‬ ‫~ ~‪0.~.‬‬ ‫)‪( ,...10.,.,,‬‬ ‫‪~.. ,..,.,,~...1‬‬ ‫‪(~.~...9..~..‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫)‪1 ,...10.,.,,‬‬

‫‪497‬‬
‫‪5~~. 14-9‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~1400‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪.~..‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~~/‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪~./‬‬
‫~~‪5~,..~50~0‬‬ ‫~~‪~~~~~~~1~~~~/=0‬‬
‫‪~1200‬‬ ‫‪1~ ~125~0‬‬ ‫‪1 1‬‬ ‫‪~/‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪80~1~0~~~0‬‬ ‫~~~=‪~~81~/‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪~/ /‬‬ ‫‪1/‬‬
‫‪..,.~~~~0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~~1000‬‬
‫~‪~~~~~0‬‬
‫‪~...‬‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪~/‬‬
‫‪~/‬‬ ‫‪)/‬‬
‫‪~0- +--‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~~800‬‬
‫‪~~1---13~0‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪~~./‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪(/ ./‬‬
‫‪~0--+-- ~600-‬‬
‫‪~600 ~0-‬‬ ‫‪1900‬‬ ‫‪1-/‬‬ ‫‪~/ 1/ -/‬‬
‫‪~1./)./‬‬ ‫‪~-0-‬‬ ‫‪0-‬‬
‫~~‪~*,1200‬‬ ‫‪./‬‬
‫‪./‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫_‬
‫‪~~400‬‬ ‫~~~‪~- ~1~00‬‬
‫‪/-‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬
‫‪~~200‬‬
‫‪--‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~~80~~~~0~-‬‬
‫‪~..‬‬ ‫~~‪~~~~,.,(3‬‬
‫‪~~..‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~~~~.1‬‬ ‫‪104‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪102‬‬ ‫‪103‬‬ ‫‪104‬‬
‫~‪~~~~.4(3‬‬ ‫~‪0~.5..,.~1‬‬ ‫‪8~~~~~..,.‬‬ ‫~~~‪0‬‬ ‫~~~=‪/‬‬ ‫~~~~~‬ ‫~‪(~,..,~~~~5‬‬
‫)‪~~~~.4(3~ 0~.5..,.~,..~8~8~~~..,. 0~~~ ~0~~ 8~8~~ (~,..,~~8~5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪,,,9. 3‬‬
‫‪- ~)(.01..01‬‬ ‫‪~0.., ~9~9~ 0 8~8~9 ,.0..,9, ~0$$ ~$.‬‬ ‫‪,,.9. 4‬‬
‫‪- ~8)(,01..01 ~.9.. ~9~9( 0 8~8~9 ,.0..,9, ~0$$ ~$.‬‬
‫‪~~9,899 0 8~8~9 ~..,,9...~ (8‬‬ ‫)‪$0.~8~ ~..,,9...~ ,,,,8~910,01‬‬ ‫‪~~9,899 0 8~8~9 ~..,,9...~ (8‬‬ ‫)‪$0.~8~ ~..,,9...~ ,,,,8~910,01‬‬

‫‪~1400‬‬
‫‪~..‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫(‬ ‫(‬
‫‪~1200‬‬
‫~~~~‪~~~~~0.4~(3‬‬ ‫~~‪8~~~~~..,.~.4~~/=0‬‬
‫‪~/‬‬
‫‪,..‬‬ ‫‪~-125001‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫(~‬ ‫‪~/‬‬ ‫‪~/‬‬ ‫~~~)(‪~~0 ~,.,6‬‬
‫‪..,.‬‬
‫‪~~ ~~~~..,. ~,.,~~~0~,..,‬‬
‫~‪~~,, 1.2508‬‬
‫‪80~..,.~0~~~0‬‬ ‫‪~~81~/=~~~..,.~~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪/=~~~~ 0‬‬ ‫‪./‬‬ ‫‪./‬‬
‫‪~1000‬‬
‫‪80~..,.~0~~~0‬‬ ‫~~~=‪~~8..,.~/‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪~/ /‬‬ ‫‪1/‬‬ ‫~‪,..~~~~0 ~()~~~ 0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~800‬‬ ‫‪~600‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪1./‬‬
‫‪1900‬‬ ‫‪~1/‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~1200‬‬
‫‪~600‬‬
‫‪~1800‬‬ ‫‪~-//‬‬ ‫‪....-‬‬
‫‪~400‬‬ ‫‪~~---‬‬
‫‪..‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~..‬‬

‫‪~..‬‬
‫‪~~200‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪,,.9. 5‬‬
‫‪~~-+‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫‪~-‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫~‪~~~~.4(3‬‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫~‪0~.5,..~,..‬‬
‫‪150‬‬

‫‪- ~8)(,01..01 ~0.., ~9~9( 0 8~8~9 ,.0..,9, ~0$$ ~$.‬‬

‫‪8~~~~~,..‬‬
‫‪~~00‬‬
‫‪~...‬‬
‫‪~~....-‬‬

‫‪200‬‬
‫~~~‪0‬‬
‫‪250‬‬
‫~~‪/=~~~ 8~8‬‬
‫‪300‬‬
‫~~‪80~0~0~0‬‬

‫)‪(.4~~~~~5‬‬
‫‪~,~-‬‬
‫‪~~~~~~~00‬‬

‫‪350‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪400‬‬

‫‪,,.9. 6‬‬
‫‪~~.~~.46€‬‬
‫‪102‬‬
‫~‪0~-5,..~..,.‬‬ ‫‪8~~~~~,..‬‬
‫~~~‪0‬‬

‫‪- ~8)(.01..01 ~.9.. ~9~9~ 0 8~8~9 ,.0..,9, ~0$$ ~$.‬‬

‫~~)(=‪/‬‬
‫‪103‬‬
‫~‪8~8(..‬‬ ‫)‪(~,..,~~~~5‬‬
‫‪1()4‬‬
‫‪104‬‬

‫)‪~~9,899 0 8~8~9 ~..,,9...~ (~9~~8...9..18, ~..,,9...~ ,,,,8~910,01‬‬ ‫)‪~~9,899 0 8~8~9 ~..,,9...~ (~9~~8...9..~8, ~..,,9...~ ,,,,8~910,01‬‬

‫‪-‬‬

‫‪~~0‬‬

‫‪~10-2‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪.-‬‬ ‫‪~0-+--‬‬
‫‪~-.+-‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪..‬‬
‫‪~10-3‬‬
‫~‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~~~~~4.0‬‬

‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬ ‫‪3.0‬‬ ‫‪3.5‬‬

‫)‪~~1~~~0~5 0~-5..,..4..,.~~0 ~..,..46~(~0~ ..,.5‬‬
‫‪~~5..,.‬‬

‫‪,,,9. 7‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~8)(.01..01 ~...$~8...~8...90..$ 0 8~8~9 ~0(~899‬‬ ‫‪,,,9. 8‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~8)(.01..01 ,.,8...$19...~ ,...9,018~ 101.,9~8...~9‬‬
‫~‪~$. (...$~8...~8...90..$ 0 8~8~9 ~..,,9...‬‬ ‫‪~$. 8~..8,9 ,,,,8~9 ,...~$9 ()..,8~.0...‬‬

‫‪111~0,.~ 14-21‬‬

‫‪498‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1,‬‬
‫‪~........‬‬ ‫(‬
‫‪,. ~~-400‬‬
‫~‪/.‬‬
‫‪.-‬‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫(‪1)=250‬‬
‫‪0,. ~1.0‬‬

‫‪).-‬‬ ‫‪0..‬‬
‫‪...‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫(‪~1250‬‬
‫‪0,.‬‬
‫‪~~~~0~~,~0~01~~6(3~~~~(3‬‬ ‫_~~~~‬ ‫‪0,‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪...‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪,/1.8~,.,‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~~‪,.,‬‬ ‫~‪~058~8(.‬‬ ‫‪,.~~86~~~~6‬‬ ‫‪~0~~,.5‬‬
‫‪~/-‬‬
‫‪~~...,60‬‬
‫)()‪(,.,,/1.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪~~5,.~~,.,.,~~005‬‬ ‫~‪6.4.,.‬‬ ‫‪~0~~~~,.‬‬ ‫)‪(,6.,.,,~~8~5‬‬ ‫‪6.4.,.~ (0~~~~,.‬‬ ‫)‪(.4.,.,,~~~~5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪~-‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫‪.....‬‬
‫‪~~~8~,.~,,‬‬
‫~‪1250‬‬
‫‪~1/0,, 1/2 ~0~,.,,‬‬
‫‪~~,.,,=10.4.‬‬
‫‪./‬‬
‫‪7 0-~~.6/~1,,5/1-..//).$‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪/-‬‬ ‫~‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪-~-‬‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪.....‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫~(~‪~0~ 0~.....‬‬ ‫~~‪~~,...,.,,~~~,.,,0,.,, 6.4.‬‬
‫‪,-‬‬ ‫~~‪,,~12500‬‬
‫‪./‬‬ ‫~~‪.....0,,,1~2......0‬‬ ‫_‬
‫‪-.....‬‬
‫‪6.4.,.~ 0~~.....~ (0~0~,.~0~5‬‬ ‫‪~~)(~0,,,1 ,...(0‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪~(0~0~~~0~5‬‬
‫‪.~~~~1_~~1‬‬ ‫~‪~1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪1.8‬‬
‫‪010‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪4060‬‬ ‫‪100 200 4006001000 2000‬‬
‫‪0~.5,..4 ~ (0~~~~,.‬‬ ‫)‪(.4.,.,,~~~~5‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬

‫‪1=.9.11 - ~.../1 1 ,‬‬

‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬
‫~‪0~.5,...4.,.‬‬

‫‪011 6‬‬
‫~ ‪~...51 18 0..5 0 51.1.‬‬
‫‪1000‬‬
‫‪(()/1~~~,.‬‬
‫‪1200‬‬ ‫‪1400‬‬
‫)‪(.4.,.,,~~~€5‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪..,5.‬‬
‫‪1600‬‬ ‫‪1800‬‬

‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫~‪~~-‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬

‫‪1..‬‬
‫‪.~.‬‬
‫(‪,.~ ,, 1250‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪103‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪,,-‬‬ ‫‪~1111111‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪...-0 =, 1/2 ....0~,.,,‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬ ‫~~‪~....01100‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬
‫‪,/‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬
‫‪~~0‬‬ ‫~‪.....‬‬ ‫‪8001/‬‬
‫‪./‬‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪1.0‬‬
‫‪,/‬‬
‫‪~,.‬‬
‫‪~~5~5~1~1/~(.0.40‬‬
‫~‪,‬‬ ‫‪......‬‬ ‫‪1/0 = 6001/‬‬
‫‪~0.8‬‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪,6~~.10..‬‬

‫‪- ~-- ....-‬‬

‫‪,.‬‬ ‫‪~~~~(1/~1 ~5,.,/‬‬
‫=‪0‬‬ ‫‪~~102‬‬ ‫‪~~,,‬‬
‫‪0.6‬‬ ‫~‪1250‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0..‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~...‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬ ‫‪1000‬‬ ‫‪1200‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪102‬‬ ‫‪103‬‬
‫‪0~-$,..4.,.~ (0~~~~,.‬‬ ‫)‪(.4.,.,,~~~~5‬‬ ‫)‪~~51,.,~1,.,~~005 0~.51.4...~ ~08~~~1 (,.,,.,.,~~8~5‬‬

‫‪1=.9.12 - ~,‬‬ ‫‪1=.((,‬‬ ‫~ ‪..,5. 0 51.1.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1=.9. 13 - ~.,‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫~ ‪0...‬‬ ‫‪9~ ~.. ~..(5.‬‬
‫‪..,5. 0‬‬ ‫~ ‪51.1.‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪14-9‬‬ ‫‪499‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪103‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪~0,, 1100.....‬‬
‫‪.....5.(500....‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪....0,,8001,/‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪.....0,, 600.....‬‬
‫‪~$- 3 1-/-~.‬‬ ‫‪~.0 1,/0 ~600.....‬‬ ‫‪.....$.(500.....‬‬
‫‪103‬‬
‫‪6()0- 5‬‬
‫‪~~..‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~~..‬‬
‫‪880,, 5‬‬
‫‪,.‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪1‬‬
‫~‪- 1250‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫(‪1.1= 1250‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪~102‬‬ ‫‪~/‬‬
‫‪-05‬‬ ‫_‪1.‬‬
‫‪.~0~ 01~~~ ...,~~()~5 0~ ~5‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~~~102‬‬ ‫‪(1~~~~ 10 ~~(10~~$‬‬ ‫‪15 .4~0 16.‬‬
‫_‪2.‬‬
‫‪,,.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪,-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~~,,.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~/‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪,1‬‬ ‫‪~~1-‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪~3~~,.‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪,,,‬‬ ‫‪,,‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫=‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪102‬‬ ‫‪103‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪102‬‬ ‫‪103‬‬
‫‪~~5,..4~1.4~~0(15‬‬
‫)‪0~-5,..4,.~ ~()~~~~,. (.4~~~~~5‬‬ ‫‪~~5,..4~,.,4,~~0()5‬‬
‫~‪0~-$1.4,..‬‬
‫‪(()~~~~,.‬‬ ‫)‪(.4~~~~~5‬‬

‫‪~.9. 14 - ~.)(.011..011‬‬ ‫‪,,-011 (0,,..9.,. ~.. ~..,..‬‬ ‫‪~.9. 15 - ~.)(.011..011‬‬ ‫‪,,.011 (0,,..9.,. ~.. ~../.. ~..‬‬
‫~ ‪~.. 0,,-5~.~.‬‬ ‫~~‪,,~, ~() = 600, 800 8/ 1100‬‬ ‫~ ‪0,,-5~.~.‬‬ ‫~‪,,~, ~() = 600~~ ~5 =1, 2, 8/ 3 /1-‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪~5 = 3 /1-‬‬

‫_‬ ‫‪..,.,0=800.....‬‬ ‫‪1750‬‬

‫~‪=~$‬‬ ‫‪500,.....‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~1‬‬

‫‪~,,‬‬
‫‪-()80,,‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪1500‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬
‫~‪_1‬‬ ‫(‪1250‬‬
‫‪~-12500‬‬ ‫‪~- ~-‬‬
‫‪=0‬‬
‫~~‪.....0 1/2 ...,0‬‬
‫‪./‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪1250‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪//‬‬ ‫‪~~-‬‬
‫‪(5,, 1‬‬ ‫‪~~1000‬‬ ‫‪~~-‬‬ ‫‪,-‬‬ ‫~‪860 - ~0~(~01()~~.0,,‬‬ ‫~~‪8.4‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~~7‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬ ‫~‪- 000-3‬‬ ‫‪~,1‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪~..‬‬ ‫‪,,-‬‬
‫_~‪2‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫‪/4.~~(.~~0 ~(10-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪880,, 5‬‬
‫‪750‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪--‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪,1‬‬ ‫‪~~~0‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪~..‬‬
‫‪500‬‬
‫‪~,‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫_~ ‪3‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~-‬‬
‫‪~- -‬‬ ‫‪0 250‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~.9. 16 - ~.)(.011..011‬‬
‫~ ‪0,,-5~.~.‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪102‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪103‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪~~5,..4~,..4~~0(15 0~.5,..4,.~ (0~~~~.,. (.4~~~~~5‬‬

‫‪,,-011 (0,,..9.,. ~.. ~..1.. ~..‬‬

‫~‪,,~, ~() = 800~~ ~5 = 1, 2, 8/ 3 /1-‬‬

‫~‪84,.~.~.4,.~00‬‬ ‫~(~‪~~5~5,..4‬‬ ‫)‪(0~~5‬‬

‫‪1..‬‬
‫‪~2‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪2.5‬‬
‫)‪5~~88~/1 ~.4~.4~~~0/1 (~~~/10~,6./1.4.05‬‬

‫‪~.9. 17 - ~)(.011..011~,,~.0,,.~,. ~..~ 0,,-5~~.‬‬

‫‪,,~ ~.. 5,,..~~.. ~..,.~.10. ~.,...‬‬
‫‪3.0‬‬ ‫‪3.5‬‬ ‫‪4.0‬‬ ‫‪4.5‬‬ ‫‪5.0‬‬

‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬

‫‪,‬‬
‫‪,,‬‬ ‫‪=3‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~~~$‬‬ ‫~‪.,-./,,1250‬‬
‫‪,,‬‬ ‫(‪1.1= 1250‬‬ ‫‪,,‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫~‪~21 311‬‬ ‫()‪~_2 . 1‬‬
‫‪~.,,,0 1/2 .....0~,.,‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫=‬

‫‪~~102‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪~..‬‬
‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪~,,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‬
‫‪~~..‬‬
‫~‬

‫=‪-‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪103‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪10-1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫)‪( 0~,.$‬‬
‫~‪~~8.4,.~...,‬‬ ‫~‪8.4,.(0.(.4,.~00‬‬ ‫~‪0~,.,4,8‬‬ ‫‪5~0/1.,.‬‬ ‫‪5~~~50~0.4.(.‬‬ ‫~‪~0(.5‬‬ ‫~‪00~,6..,.~0‬‬ ‫)‪(~~(.(.~5~~0~05‬‬

‫‪~.9. 18 - ~.,,.011..011 ~.,~..,./ ~.~.-01-~...‬‬ ‫‪011-5~.~. ~01~.9.‬‬ ‫~ ‪~.9. 19 - ~0,,-~..,.~.~.~. ~..~ 0,,.5~.~.‬‬ ‫‪,,1‬‬
‫‪~.. ~.9.~...‬‬ ‫‪(3.~.-~.~~0~.‬‬ ‫‪~0,~.9. .,,~ ~..‬‬ ‫‪~.. 5.,,...0.~., ~..~5. ()...8~.0,,‬‬
‫‪(3.~..~.~~0~.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪~.,,‬‬

‫‪500‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪~~00‬‬ ‫‪~()~~~~,.‬‬
‫~‪~~00‬‬ ‫~~~‪~0~,.‬‬

‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪.,‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬

‫~‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬

‫~‪6~,.‬‬ ‫‪~()~~~~,.‬‬
‫~~‬
‫‪,,‬‬
‫~‪~15--1~/‬‬
‫‪~19~~11~~~---1‬‬
‫‪,,‬‬
‫‪,,‬‬
‫~‬

‫~‪6~,.‬‬ ‫~‪~0~,.~6‬‬
‫‪,,‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪,,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪,‬‬

‫(‪~9‬‬ ‫~~~~~~~~~‬
‫‪~~~~16~.‬‬ ‫~‪~0~,.~6‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫~‪~-‬‬ ‫~‪~0~(,.~0‬‬
‫‪0~~/01 ~ 5 ~//1.5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪~~ ~ 3.1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪~60. =15 -20~,‬‬ ‫‪1 2.(5~5‬‬
‫‪( 1‬‬
‫~‪~ 15‬‬ ‫~‪~6‬‬ ‫‪2-20~,‬‬ ‫‪1 3~60~5‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪~55()~~0‬‬ ‫~~~~~‪0‬‬ ‫‪0()~~~,.~5‬‬ ‫‪00~~,.0‬‬ ‫~‪-100‬‬

‫=‬
‫‪1 2 + 1 3~65~5‬‬

‫~~‪8~~88‬‬ ‫~~‪8~~88‬‬ ‫~~~‪~~~/‬‬

‫‪~/).~/).~~,.0‬‬ ‫~~~‪~~~8~8,.0~0~.,.‬‬
‫)~‪~,(/1‬‬ ‫)‪~,(0.‬‬ ‫)‪(/1.‬‬

‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬
‫‪3.0‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬

‫‪1.5‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫‪50‬‬

‫‪30‬‬

‫‪38‬‬

‫‪23‬‬

‫‪..,,)~11..~14-21‬‬ ‫)~~‪((0/1(//1/,/‬‬

‫‪~8)(.01~01‬‬ ‫~‪9819-~0(11...0~~9‬‬ ‫‪1~...(1-0,,‬‬ ‫‪1.019,‬‬ ‫‪,.9~.‬‬ ‫‪(8~ 15 111~ 111(1)(11111.1111‬‬

‫~‪.,,(111.1‬‬
‫‪0111111~ 0~1~~~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1051(101 (11 ~111~11111~ ~(11~ ~1.1((~0115‬‬ ‫~‪10% 01115 ~~(1~ 0~~(111.,,‬‬
‫‪.,,(111.1~ (100 111~ 1051(101 (11 ~111~11 111~ 00-51(11~ ~11((~01 15 (~01.1~~0 10 10%‬‬ ‫‪01111~ 00-‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪51(11~ ~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪~1111 (~51511.,,~ 10(10.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11.1(0-0111055,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 0~~~005‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 011-51(11‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~~‪.,,011(1‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ 501.100‬‬ ‫‪~(1~(1~11(10~~,‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪14-21.14.‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪10~(~(15‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫(~‪111~ 501100‬‬ ‫~~‪~(1~(1~11(10‬‬ ‫‪10~(~(15~5‬‬ ‫(‪111~ (/1)/(/‬‬ ‫‪0110(~(1(0‬‬ ‫‪(~(1~~11~0‬‬ ‫~~‪.,,011(1‬‬ ‫~‪(15 111‬‬
‫~‪(1000‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪1(1115~ (100‬‬ ‫‪(15 (1 (~51.111 111~ 11.1(0-0111055~5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ (~01.1~~0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11.1(0-011‬‬
‫‪1055~5‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪14-21.14‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫~‪00110~11.10‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ 501100‬‬ ‫‪1055,‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫~‪10 1(1~1111‬‬ ‫~‪5~11~1110‬‬
‫~‪1055~5 ~01.110 10~(~(15‬‬ ‫(~‪~1111 501.100‬‬ ‫‪~(1~(1~11(10~~.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~.,,~(,‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ 501.100‬‬ ‫‪1055 15‬‬
‫‪~)(1~(0(11 10 111~ 010‬‬ ‫‪(100 00~5 001‬‬ ‫‪(111~~1 111~ 11~(1110~ 01 010‬‬ ‫‪51~0111~(1011~.‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪~((1~11~~,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 015~11(1(~10‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫(~‪501.100‬‬ ‫(‪~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫~‪11(15 10 110‬‬ ‫~‪111(01.1~11111‬‬
‫‪010‬‬ ‫~‪(100 ~001(101.11‬‬ ‫(~~‪10 111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪1055 10 111~ 010.‬‬

‫‪58~. 14-9‬‬ ‫‪501‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~..,.811...811‬‬ ‫‪011-~.8119,‬‬ ‫‪(0,,.‬‬ ‫‪(011 18 111~ 111111111111111‬‬
‫~‪~11111~ 0111111‬‬ ‫~‪10.. ~111~11 111‬‬
‫‪(110‬‬ ‫~‪1111181 0~ 011 0~10..‬‬ ‫~‪11 111(1)1 0‬‬ ‫‪..~1..1~~~..~0.‬‬ ‫‪11 18 111~11811..~0 1..0111 111~ 1118111111‬‬
‫~‪111 ~111~11111‬‬ ‫‪111..11-011 ~1118~ 18 11~~11~0‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ ~111~.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪(110‬‬ ‫‪..~~111..~8‬‬ ‫‪11118 11111~ 10‬‬
‫~‪..~~01110111‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~)(~~88‬‬ ‫‪1111110..11~ ~11 1~(8 111 111~ ~1111100~ 151(11105.‬‬

‫‪~..,.811...811‬‬ ‫~‪~...~.~8‬‬ ‫‪..8~9‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪...59‬‬ ‫‪01 011-5~8~9‬‬ ‫‪~0~~899,‬‬ ‫‪€/..,/€/(.‬‬ ‫~‪(/1)/(/( 18 111‬‬
‫‪~1111..11111~~0 ..111~ 01 ..18~ 0110..~11(0‬‬ ‫~‪010~~111‬‬ ‫~~‪~01111‬‬ ‫‪11110 0~~~1108‬‬ ‫~~‪011 111~ 11~~1111‬‬
‫‪~111~ 01118.‬‬ ‫(‪(/1)/(/‬‬ ‫‪18 110..111(111)1~1101~0‬‬ ‫‪10.. 11 ~111~ 01118 01 - 2~.‬‬ ‫‪~1111011111‬‬ ‫~~‪11~~1111‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫(‪~111~ 01118, (/1)/(/‬‬ ‫‪~11~(101111)1 0~~~1108‬‬ ‫~‪011 111~ ~11111~ 01111‬‬ ‫‪0)1~1188 ..~81811111~~ 0~1~~~11‬‬
‫‪111~ ~111~ 11110 ~1111100~.‬‬ ‫~‪~1~11..‬‬ ‫‪14-21.18‬‬ ‫‪8110~8‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~11..111110118 01 (/1)/ (/( ~1111 111‬‬
‫~‪11~~1111~~ ~111~ 01118 11110 ~111~-~1111100‬‬ ‫‪(~81811111~~.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪~)(11111~1~, 11 ~111~-~1111100‬‬
‫‪..~81811111~~ 01 2 0‬‬ ‫‪~1~~8‬‬ ‫(‪(/1)/(/‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪~//-18 11110 10( ~111~ 01118 ~01111~~ 01‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1 ~,‬‬
‫‪(/1)/(/( = 800 ~//-18.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~0.,~..0~~8~~9‬‬ ‫~‪~98‬‬ ‫‪0.,-5~8~9‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪9.,~,‬‬ ‫‪/.,.60.‬‬ ‫‪110(2‬‬ ‫~‪18 111~ ~~11‬‬ ‫‪~11111~ 01 011-‬‬
‫‪81111~ ~11..(~111 ~111~11 ~1111 0~ 111(11~0 011 0)1 ~111~ ~0111(01.‬‬ ‫~‪~1~11..‬‬ ‫‪14-21.11‬‬ ‫‪8110~8‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪111(11-011 ~11111 11~1111181111~ 11181111111111~0118011-81111~ ~11(..~111.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111..11-011 ~11111 18 10~,‬‬
‫‪1111111~1)15 111 1200~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~~-81111~ ~01111~~ 18 (~11~~11~0‬‬ ‫~~‪1111111~01111~1)111~1~.. 111..11-0‬‬
‫‪11110 111~ ..~11~~11~0‬‬ ‫(‪(/1)/(/‬‬ ‫~‪18 0111)11111111~0 0)1111‬‬ ‫‪8111100~..‬‬ ‫‪~11~11~111111~~.‬‬ ‫~~‪011‬‬ ‫‪11 (110‬‬
‫‪18111..11~0 0~~, 111~ 10110 ~11‬‬ ‫‪~111, 11-, ~111~1118 01~~..1~0111..011~1111110‬‬ ‫‪~1111..~~8111~ 8111100~..‬‬
‫‪~11~11~110..,‬‬ ‫‪0~1~..111111~8‬‬ ‫‪111~ ..~11~~11~0 (/1)/(/(.‬‬

‫)‪(/1‬‬
‫‪11-‬‬
‫(‪(/‬‬

‫‪~11‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪~11~..‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪~5 18 111~ 8111100~..‬‬

‫‪~111118‬‬
‫‪1111111111~ (/1)/(/(,‬‬
‫‪~11~11~111111~~ 118 8110~11‬‬
‫‪8110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪~11~11~111111~~.‬‬
‫~‪111~ ~0111..0111101‬‬
‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪14-21.20‬‬
‫‪14-21.17.‬‬
‫‪~011111111~8‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬

‫‪011-81111~ ~~1((~111 0~~~1108‬‬

‫‪~~1~..‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪011 111~ 8111100~..‬‬
‫~‪111..11-0~~ 11111~, (~~, 11 1111/ 0~ 111100‬‬
‫~‪50‬‬ ‫‪~0..‬‬ ‫~‪11 1111111111‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪(/311‬‬ ‫‪= (.,,2 +‬‬
‫‪(.,,3 (1111111~1)1, 65 /-18) 11110 1111811111111100~ ~11‬‬ ‫~‪~111111(1)1 (~1..1~~~..111‬‬ ‫‪(110.‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪~..~~~111‬‬
‫‪11118 11111111111111111‬‬
‫)~‪11~~1111~~ ~111~ 01118 (1111111~1)1, -15‬‬ ‫‪11111810~ 11~~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪~0.. 11 11111~ 0‬‬
‫‪(.,,3 11~1~..111~ 111..11-0~~.‬‬ ‫~‪011..111~ 111~ 11111~ (.,,2, 111111~1111111~11~~01111~~ 111111~ ~111~-~1111100‬‬
‫‪)1111~11011 ~)(1818.‬‬

‫‪5.,...~~9..‬‬ ‫~‪~...‬‬ ‫‪~ ~95.9.,‬‬ ‫‪~0.,5.~9..8~.0.,5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 8111100~..‬‬ ‫‪~1..~1111 ~1(1)18 11 81~-‬‬
‫~‪111~1~11111..01‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ 111..11-0~~ ~(0~~88‬‬ ‫‪0~ 11 (110‬‬ ‫‪11110 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪14-21.20‬‬ ‫‪8110~8‬‬ ‫_~~‪111~ ..‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0111111~110~0‬‬ ‫‪~11111~8 0~ 111~ 8111100~..‬‬ ‫‪~11~11~111111~~ 11110 ..~81811111~~ ~0.. 111~ (110‬‬ ‫~~‪0~ 1)1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪350~11.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪~01111‬‬ ‫~~‪81‬‬ ‫~‪~111~11 11~~~11..8 111 111~ 0~~11111111~ 0~ 11111111100‬‬ ‫‪~11‬‬ ‫‪~111‬‬
‫‪(111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫)‪14-21.20‬‬ ‫~‪18 ~11118~0 0)1111~ 81..(1)1111011~11111~~ 111111~ 8111100~.. ~1..~1111 (111~1110111‬‬
‫‪111~ 8~1~-111011~11111~~ 0~ 111~ 8111100~..‬‬ ‫‪~11~11~110..).‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪8111100~..‬‬ ‫~‪~11~11~110.. 1111181 0‬‬
‫~‪~11~1101~ 0~ ~11118111110111~ 111~11 ~~11‬‬ ‫~‪~11..(~111 11110 81101110 1111~~ ~~..)1 10‬‬ ‫‪111011~11111~~.‬‬
‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪0.. 1110..~ ~11~11~110..8 111(1)10~ ~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪111 ~11..1111~110‬‬ ‫‪~1~~ 111~ 0~81..~0‬‬ ‫~‪~11111~ 0‬‬
‫‪~11~11~111111~~, 11110 111~ 101111 111011~11111~~ 18 ..~011~~0‬‬ ‫~‪011‬‬ ‫‪10 ~11(1111~1 ~01111~~11011‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪11101~1011111111011~11111~~8.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪811000~..‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫‪8110010‬‬ ‫‪1111~~ ~000‬‬ ‫‪~0..~(1..0‬‬ ‫‪..~~0~~..)1‬‬ ‫‪~1111..(1~1~..1811~8 11110‬‬

‫‪502‬‬
 ‫~‪1(151 (~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪(~~0~~()1.‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫(‪~//(/,( 51100.10 0~ ~~()1111~1110‬‬ ‫‪~0.1~~ 1((11151~( 01 (11100~ ~0.((~111‬‬
‫(~‪10 111~ 5110.00‬‬ ‫‪~1(~0.11.‬‬
‫(~‪111~ 5110.00‬‬ ‫(‪(~51510‬‬ ‫~‪1110.5111(1~~ 10‬‬ ‫~~(‪~(110.~ 10 015~11(1‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ 5110.00‬‬ ‫(‪~(1~(1~110‬‬
‫~‪00.(111‬‬ ‫‪010‬‬ ‫‪~01100.~11011,‬‬ ‫‪~11~(~(15‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~5151(111~~ 1110.51 0~ 111~11 ~1100~11‬‬ ‫~‪10 1111111111‬‬
‫~~(‪015~11(1‬‬ ‫‪~0.((~111111(00.~11‬‬ ‫‪010‬‬ ‫~‪10 (111 (1~~~~1(101‬‬ ‫‪~(110.~.‬‬ ‫~‪111 (100111011 10 01551~(11111‬‬
‫‪~0~~(,‬‬ ‫(‪111~ (~51510‬‬ ‫‪1110.51 0~ (101~,‬‬ ‫‪1110111~111(1(11)1, 10 50.~~0(1‬‬ ‫‪111~11 50.~~1)1 ~011(1~~.‬‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0,,,‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪~,.3(1))1‬‬ ‫‪14-6‬‬

‫‪~ ~110~~~. ~1.~1.111~1111 311 1~ 010‬‬ ‫‪011~~~ 350~1115‬‬ ‫‪5110~11 111~1~. 14-22.‬‬ ‫‪111135 3‬‬
‫‪.~51511,,,~ 1030 01 ~~ = 1.333 0.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~ 111~1.11,,,0113~~ 15 ~, = 800~.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 01.11~ ~~~1‬‬

‫(‪15 /‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪50% 3110 111~5~11~11111~1.~~1.1~11~~151, = 2 ~1-12. 111~ 5111.100~.~3~3~11311~~ 15‬‬
‫‪~, = 3 ~~ 3110 5111.100~..~5151311~~ 15 ~, = 5 0.‬‬ ‫~‪1)~1~.111111~ 111~ (3) 11.1.11-01111111~, /00‬‬
‫‪(0) 11.1.11-011 ~31~ ~1.1..~111, 10(2~ (~) 131111111~, /,~ (0) 11.1.11-011~0~~.1055~5,‬‬ ‫‪~00~ (~) 11.1.11-‬‬
‫‪011 ~0~~.1055~5,‬‬ ‫‪~0((~ (1) 10131 ~0~~.1055‬‬ ‫‪01010,‬‬ ‫‪~,~ (~) ~0111.011301~ 011-5131~ ~1.1..~111,‬‬
‫~‪1,0(2~ (11) ~31~ ~1.1..~111, 10. 3110 ~31~ ,,,0113~~ ~ 0,~ 3110 (1) 111~ ,,,311.1~01111~ ~31~-~311100‬‬
‫‪.~5151311~~ 10 1111111111~~.111~31 01)/0/10‬‬ ‫‪800 ~/~5.‬‬ ‫‪~551.1111~ 3 )1.111~110111~111~~.311.1.~ 01‬‬
‫~‪1‬‬ ‫‪= 1250~.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪80101.00‬‬ ‫‪~, = 800~,‬‬ ‫‪~~ = 1.3330,‬‬
‫‪3110 111~ 011-5131~ ~1.1..~111, 1~ = 800/1.333‬‬
‫‪(3) ~0.1, = 1~ = 600~, ~1~. 14-21.10 ~1,,,~5/00 = 7.8 ~5.‬‬
‫‪(0) ~0.1, = 600~, ~1~. 14-21.11 ~1~~5111~11.1.11-011‬‬
‫‪1~000 = 600/3 = 200 ~.‬‬
‫‪/( = 0.5,1, = 2 ~1-12,~, = 3 ~~, ~, = 5 0,‬‬
‫‪= 600~.‬‬

‫= ‪~3111,000 = 33110100‬‬

‫‪(~) ~0.1, = 600~, ~1~. 14-21.12 ~1,,,~5/, = 0.65 ~5.‬‬

‫‪(0) ~0.1, = 600 ~ 3110 ~1) = ~, = 800 ~, ~1~. 14-21.13 ~1,,,~5111~11.1.11-011‬‬
‫‪)( 2000 = 560~.‬‬
‫‪~11~.~~, ~00 = 2801111 3110~00 = ~00/, = 0.28‬‬
‫‪(~) ~0.1, = 600~, ~, = 800 ~ 3110~, = 3 ~~, ~1~. 14-21.16 ~1,,,~5111~11.1.11-‬‬
‫‪011 ~11~.~~ 1055, ~011‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪4401111.‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪= ~0111, = 0.44‬‬
‫‪~011‬‬ ‫~ ‪2000 = 880‬‬
‫‪(1) ~0. 1,(~...,)= 600‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪0.5 = 300, ~1~. 14-21.6 ~1,,,~5~0 = 750~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10131‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~0~~.‬‬ ‫‪1055 15‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~ ‪~, = ~00 + ~011+ ~0 = 560 + 880 + 750 = 2110‬‬

‫‪(~) ~0.~, = 3 ~~ 311000(2 = 3, ~1~. 14-21.17 ~1,,,~51,0(2 = 1250~.‬‬
‫‪(11)~1~1.1.~14-21.9(3) ~1,,,~510, = 0.5 ~ 3110~ 0, = 0.6 ~ 311250~. ~01~= ~1‬‬
‫‪1~ = 250~, ~1~. 14-21.9(3) ~1,,,~510, = 2 ~ 3110~0, = 1 ~.‬‬
‫~~‪(1) ~0. 01)/0/ = 800 ~/~5, ~1~. 14-21.18 ~1,,,~53 ~31~-~311100~.~5151311‬‬
‫‪011.6‬‬
‫‪0 3110 3 11~~311~~~31~-~311100~ ~0113~~ 011 ~.‬‬

‫‪503‬‬
‫‪58~. 14-9‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪011-51816‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1/1~11..~ 14-23‬‬ ‫~‪0((-5131‬‬ ‫‪~/13(3~1~(1511~5‬‬
‫_‪0( 1~0 1/1~(1510(5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~~‪111~11-~0113‬‬ ‫‪3~~11~3110115,‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫~(‪(110‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ ~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫_‪111 5~(1~5‬‬
‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪01.1~ 10 111~ ~(001.1~11011‬‬ ‫‪5~(~30‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~113(3~1~(1511~5‬‬ ‫‪01 311 111)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬
‫‪53(11~ 1)1~~ 3(~ 110110~1111~31.‬‬ ‫‪~1~1.1(~ 14-23‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 011-5131‬‬ ‫‪~113(3~1~(1511~5‬‬ ‫‪011~0‬‬
‫‪111)1(1510(5.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 53(11~ 011-5131‬‬ ‫~‪~1.1((~111, 111~1( 011-5131‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~5‬‬ ‫_‪0111~(5‬‬
‫~‪111 ~35‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪0100~5,‬‬ ‫~‪0111)1 111~ (~~~(5‬‬ ‫~‪010~~111‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~5‬‬ ‫~~‪113‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪5113(~0,‬‬
‫‪~11~(~35‬‬ ‫‪10( 111)1(1510(5,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~0113~~-5113(111‬‬ ‫‪11~1~0(~5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪(~()1.11(~0‬‬ ‫~‪10( 00111 (~~~(5‬‬
‫~‪3110 011-5131‬‬ ‫‪~01101110115.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪5113(111~ 15 110((11311)1 3~~0(11~11511~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 ~011-‬‬
‫‪11~~1111~ (~51510(5‬‬ ‫‪3~(055‬‬ ‫(‪~3~11111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪35 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪14-24.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~~‪~()1.131 ~0113‬‬
‫‪5113(111~,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 011-5131‬‬ ‫(~‪~1.1((~1115 0111‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪5110~11‬‬ ‫_~‪111 ~1‬‬ ‫‪14-25.‬‬ ‫~(~‪1.,~1 111‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪11.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪111)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ 51(111~.‬‬
‫‪0111~( 111)1(1510(5 3(~ ~()1.13151.1~1111131102‬‬
‫~‪11 1135 111~ 1~351 011-5131‬‬

‫(~‪0111‬‬ ‫‪(~51510(5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪011-5131‬‬

‫‪~1.1((~111, 11 ~111 5113(~ 111~11~( ~0113~~.‬‬

‫(‪11 11 15 111~ ~1.1((~111 111(01.1~11 111~ (~51510‬‬
‫‪~()1.131 50 1113112‬‬
‫‪3~(055‬‬
‫=‬
‫(‪~1.1((~111 01111)1(1510‬‬
‫‪103‬‬ ‫~ ‪= 10/1 3110101‬‬

‫‪11 3110 111~ ~1.1((~1115 111(01.1~11‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪13 = 1/1, 111~ 011-5131~ ~1.1((~1115~(~30‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫‪102-‬‬
‫‪15 101‬‬ ‫‪3110 11131 01‬‬
‫(‪5111~~ 111)1(1510‬‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫‪/110‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪101‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪102‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪17 - 12 - 17‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪11 -‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪11 -‬‬ ‫‪/110‬‬
‫‪111~ ~0113~~ 3~(055 11 15 ~ 01 = ~11.‬‬ ‫‪1)5111~1(1(~1111011,5‬‬
‫‪~0113~~13~,‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~01 + (11.‬‬ ‫~‪1)12‬‬ ‫‪~01 + (11. -‬‬ ‫~)‪1)(11 - /110‬‬

‫‪~01‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪(11.‬‬ ‫~‪1)11‬‬ ‫‪(11. -‬‬ ‫~)‪1‬‬ ‫‪/110‬‬ ‫)‪(14-19‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪11. ~ 01 -‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(11. -‬‬ ‫~)‪1‬‬ ‫‪/110‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬

‫‪~01‬‬ ‫‪,. 1‬‬ ‫‪~02‬‬

‫‪--1.101-‬‬ ‫‪..-1.102-‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪504‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~02‬‬
‫~‪/(~~.‬‬
‫‪- - - - - - -‬‬
‫‪4‬‬

‫‪~01‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪= ~2‬‬ ‫~‪~1~0..‬‬ ‫‪14-25‬‬ ‫‪1.,~11/(11~~ ~11((~1115 ~11/1‬‬
‫‪~()11111.,,01111~~ 5/111(111~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪501~111‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬ ‫)‪(14-19‬‬ ‫~~‪10( 111~ ~01111‬‬ ‫‪11~(088‬‬ ‫‪11,‬‬

‫)‪11. + (11. - 1)~ /111‬‬

‫= ‪111)1‬‬ ‫)‪(14-20‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪11.‬‬

‫(‪111)1 ~111 0~ 11111)(11110111~11~11 /111) 18 11111)(11110111. ~0‬‬ ‫‪11)1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪0 11110/111‬‬
‫)‪(14-20‬‬ ‫‪~1~~8‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~0(81-~118‬‬ ‫~‪81~110~-81111‬‬ ‫~~‪~01111‬‬ ‫‪11~(088‬‬ ‫‪11,‬‬

‫‪111)5(11111~)-‬‬
‫‪_ 11. +‬‬ ‫‪(11. -‬‬ ‫‪1)~11)2‬‬
‫)‪(14-21‬‬
‫‪11.‬‬

‫~‪00(111‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(11-011,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0111~(~11~~8‬‬ ‫‪111 810(~0‬‬ ‫‪~1111(~~ ~1108~8 0111~(~11~~8‬‬ ‫~‪111 111‬‬
‫~‪(~~~(8‬‬ ‫~~‪~01111‬‬ ‫‪81111(111~ 118 8110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪14-26.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(‪111~(1810‬‬ ‫‪~1111 111~ 1~1181 (~-‬‬
‫‪~0~~(~0‬‬ ‫(‪~1111(~~ (0‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(8‬‬ ‫~(~~‪(~~0‬‬ ‫~~‪11111~) ~111111‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111~11~81 1(111181~111 ~01111~~.‬‬
‫~‪111~ )011~11011 ~11~11~111111~~8 ~111~11 ~0111(01111‬‬ ‫‪1(111181~111 ~01111~~ 0181(100110118‬‬ ‫‪~1111101‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪0‬‬
‫(‪111(~1810‬‬
‫~(‪11~1~0‬‬

‫‪~,.‬‬
‫~‪110~()0111‬‬
‫‪118 8110~11‬‬
‫~(‪11110 11 18 110(1111111~ 11~~~8811‬‬
‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪11(~ ~~11~(1111~ 08~0‬‬
‫‪14-24.‬‬
‫(‪10‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪10 ~01111~~1 11 ~11~11~110(,‬‬
‫~~(‪11111118111~ 018~1111‬‬
‫~~‪1(111181~111 ~01111‬‬
‫‪~0((~111.‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪11~(088‬‬
‫~~ ~‪111~ 811111‬‬
‫‪81111(111~ 11110 ()1)/()( ~(01~~11011.‬‬
‫‪~11~11‬‬

‫‪~,.‬‬

‫‪.,,01+1/02=~.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪1/01‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1/02‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪~1~0..~ 14-26‬‬ ‫~‪~~.,,~(5~ (~~0.,,~(~ 11(11‬‬

‫‪-~. -‬‬ ‫~~‪11110 .,,01111‬‬ ‫‪5/111(111~.‬‬

‫‪58~. 14-10‬‬ ‫‪505‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪1((11181~111 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(1~(088‬‬ ‫~‪11 ~(111 0‬‬ ‫‪0~1~(111111~0‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 ~()..‬‬ ‫)‪(14-20‬‬ ‫‪0)1 (1~-‬‬
‫~~‪~1)1111~ 111~ (~1(1110118111~ 0~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪01~~~(~11~~,‬‬

‫‪(22 - (21‬‬ ‫‪~(2‬‬

‫= ‪~ ~ = ~ ~10‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(14-22‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬
‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪(21 18 111~ 810(~0‬‬ ‫(~‪~11(1(~~ 0~ 11 (1110 (22 18 111~ ~11(1(~~ 0~ 0111‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1810(8‬‬ ‫‪80~11‬‬
‫‪111(11 (22‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(23‬‬ ‫‪= (2,,(1110‬‬ ‫‪(21 ~ (22.‬‬ ‫)‪$00811101111~ ~().. (14-22‬‬ ‫)‪11110~().. (14-20‬‬ ‫‪)11~108‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪(,,5 -‬‬ ‫)‪~(2‬‬
‫‪~ 01‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(~5 +‬‬ ‫)~~‬ ‫)‪(14-23‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪~0(81-~(18‬‬ ‫~~‪1((11181~111 ~011(1‬‬ ‫(‪811(1(111~ ~111~11 ~111 0~~0‬‬ ‫‪~11~11‬‬ ‫‪(21‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪(22 18‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(14-24‬‬

‫~‬ ‫~‪0~((1110‬‬ ‫(‪~(1~10‬‬ ‫‪~111~1118‬‬ ‫‪110(111(111)1‬‬ ‫‪08~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫~‪111~(~(18‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~11(101111)1‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 81(111‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫‪0~~111~0‬‬ ‫‪(18‬‬

‫~~‪0‬‬ ‫‪= 1‬‬ ‫)‪(14-25‬‬

‫~))(‪~~301‬‬ ‫‪14-7‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪1~11 10.)1(1810(8 3(~ 118~0 111 3 81(111~ 10 ~110.813110 3 0~ ,,,0113~~ 011/$‬‬
‫‪1113~111111111‬‬
‫‪3110 150 ~~,‬‬

‫‪80.3(111~,‬‬

‫~~‪3‬‬
‫~~‪1~3)(3‬‬
‫‪(~8~~~11,,,~1)1.‬‬
‫~~‪)(0 3110 ~3~3~11311‬‬

‫‪80.3(111~,‬‬
‫‪01 ~1‬‬
‫~)‪1/ 05(,,-,..‬‬ ‫)‪(0‬‬

‫~)‪1/07(,,-,..‬‬
‫‪~11((~111 3110 (~~0,,,~()1‬‬
‫‪~3~0.‬‬
‫‪= 0.5 ~~.‬‬
‫~‪81~(0)1-8131‬‬

‫‪3110‬‬ ‫)‪(0‬‬
‫(‪10.)1(1810‬‬
‫~~(‪~0.3‬‬
‫~~‪0.38 3 ,,,0113‬‬ ‫~‪80.3(111‬‬
‫‪= 15 )(~.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬
‫~‪0111~(~11~~8 0110.)1(1810(8 3(~ 10 111‬‬
‫~~‪((0~181311‬‬
‫~~‪0~1~(111111~ 10.~ (3) 1113)(11111111181~30)1-8131~,,,0113‬‬
‫~~‪,,,0113‬‬

‫‪1(31181~111‬‬
‫~‪0~(31111‬‬

‫~~‪,,,0113‬‬
‫~(‪13~10‬‬

‫~‪0~(31111‬‬
‫)~(‬

‫‪13~10(.‬‬
‫~ ‪01‬‬

‫‪1113)(1111111111(31181~111 ,,,011-‬‬
‫‪= 56‬‬

‫‪80)01100‬‬ ‫‪11$‬‬
‫‪= 10, 1/$ = 15 )(~, ~/0‬‬ ‫‪= /02 = 10 111~, 3110 ~(2 = (22 = 150 ~~.‬‬
‫)‪(3‬‬ ‫‪~(0111‬‬ ‫‪~()..‬‬ ‫‪(14-21),‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ 1113)(111111111 81~(0)1-8131‬‬ ‫~~‪,,,0113‬‬ ‫~‪80.3(111‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫‪15,000‬‬ ‫‪+ (10 -‬‬ ‫_ ‪1) )( 56 )( 103 )( 10 )( 10-3‬‬

‫‪1/05(,,-,..)--‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫~ ‪- 20 04‬‬

‫‪(0) ~(0111 ~().. (14-25),‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ 81~(0)1-8131‬‬ ‫‪0~(31111~ 13~10( 18‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪15,000‬‬
‫~~‪0‬‬ ‫() ‪= 1 - 10‬‬
‫‪2004 = 25.15%‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)~(‬ ‫‪~(0111‬‬ ‫‪~()..‬‬ ‫‪(14-24),‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 1113)(1111111111(31181~111‬‬ ‫~~‪,,,0113‬‬ ‫~‪80.3(111‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫‪15,000‬‬ ‫‪+ (10 -‬‬ ‫‪1) )( 150 )( 10-6/(0.5‬‬ ‫)‪)( 10-6‬‬ ‫_‬
‫‪1/07(,,-,..) --‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫~ ‪- 1770‬‬

‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪~(0111‬‬ ‫‪~()..‬‬ ‫‪(14-25),‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 1(31181~111‬‬ ‫~‪0~(31111‬‬ ‫(‪13~10‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫‪15,000‬‬
‫‪0~~ = 1‬‬ ‫‪15.25%‬‬
‫‪10 )( 1770‬‬

‫‪506‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~11~11‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1810(8‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪111 ~3(311~1,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10131‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111‬‬ ‫‪18 1101 8113(~0‬‬
‫~‪~().0311)100‬‬ ‫(‪10 0111~(~11~~8111111~1‬‬ ‫‪~113(3~1~(1811~8.‬‬ ‫‪113 111)1(1810( ~3((1~8‬‬ ‫~(‪((10‬‬ ‫‪~0((~111‬‬
‫‪111311 11131 01‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0111~(8,‬‬ ‫(~~‪118 ~0‬‬ ‫‪01881~311011‬‬ ‫‪111~(~38~8,‬‬ ‫‪111~(~0)1‬‬ ‫~‪111~(~38111‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~(‪1011~11011 1~((1~~(310‬‬ ‫~‪3110 0~~(~38111‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1111~(1131 (~8181311~~.‬‬ ‫‪11118,‬‬ ‫‪111 10(11,‬‬ ‫‪~111‬‬
‫~‪111~(~38‬‬ ‫‪118 ~0((~111‬‬ ‫~~‪8113(111~ 3110 ((13)1 03((13‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111)1(1810(.‬‬ ‫‪11118 111~(((131 (011~3)1‬‬
‫‪((13)1 0~ 3~010~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1113~111‬‬ ‫‪3 ~0((1((1011‬‬ ‫~‪11~31 8111~ 80 11131 311 011118 0~~(31‬‬ ‫~‪31111~ 83((1‬‬
‫‪1~((1~~(310(~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~111100~11‬‬ ‫‪8((1311 (~8181311~~,‬‬ ‫‪38 8110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 )=11~. 14-273,‬‬ ‫~‪((13)1 0‬‬ ‫‪~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬
‫‪8~(1~8‬‬ ‫(‪~1111 ~3~11111)1(1810‬‬ ‫~~(‪10 10‬‬ ‫‪~().031 ~0((~111‬‬ ‫~‪8113(111~, 111~(~ ~111 0~ ~011810~(301‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1088 111 111~ 8~(1~8‬‬ ‫‪(~8181311~~8.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~0((1((1011‬‬ ‫‪3~~(03~11‬‬ ‫‪~111~1118‬‬ ‫~‪81((1113( 10 111‬‬
‫‪1~~11111().0~ 10( ~0((~111‬‬ ‫‪8113(111~ 011(31181810(8‬‬ ‫‪18 10 08~ ((13~11~11~311)1 ~00~1~0‬‬ ‫‪11100~10(8‬‬
‫‪38 8110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 )=11~. 14-270.‬‬ ‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫(‪~0((~111111(00~11111)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪11 111~(~38~8,‬‬ ‫~~‪3 ~0113‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪01 0~~0811‬‬ ‫‪~013(11)1‬‬ ‫‪~111 0~ 11100~~0‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ ~1110111~8‬‬ ‫(‪01111)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪12 3110 111~ 1((1~~0-‬‬
‫‪311~~ 111(00~11‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~3111 01 12 ~111 0‬‬ ‫‪(~00~~0,‬‬ ‫~‪111~(~0)1111~(~38111‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0((~111‬‬ ‫~‪110‬‬
‫‪111(00~11‬‬ ‫‪12.‬‬

‫‪1,.‬‬ ‫‪81‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬ ‫‪81‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪~,.‬‬

‫‪82‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬ ‫‪82‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬

‫~~(‪(8) 8(8‬‬ ‫(‪~~~~8,,‬‬

‫‪5~8~~,,9‬‬ ‫~~‪(~) 0~,,801‬‬ ‫(‪~~~,8,,‬‬
‫‪5~8~~,,9‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(‪1(1111)1(1810‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(8,‬‬ ‫‪0111~(~111 ~01~1111318‬‬ ‫‪~)(181 31 ~3(1008‬‬ ‫‪1~(((1111318.‬‬ ‫‪~111801311011‬‬
‫‪~1(~011‬‬ ‫‪18 (~().01(~0‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪311 11101~10031‬‬ ‫(‪111)1(1810‬‬ ‫~‪3110 118 ~31~-~018‬‬ ‫~‪~~11~(31111‬‬
‫‪~1(~011.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪1801311011‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ 3~~0((1~11811~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 ~1111~( ~018‬‬ ‫‪1(311810(((1~(8‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪0~10-‬‬
‫‪~00~1~(8.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫(~‪0~10~00~1‬‬ ‫‪~0010‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫(‪3 ~110101(31181810‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫~~‪~11010-5‬‬ ‫‪38 8110~11‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬
‫‪)=11~. 14-28.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪8110(1 ~018‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 111~01 013111111(3(~0‬‬ ‫~‪11~111-~((1111111~ 0100‬‬ ‫‪(11-~1)),‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪81,- - - - - -‬‬ ‫~‪- ,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‬
‫~ ‪.,‬‬
‫‪0,‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪89‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪~-‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪~_ --.1‬‬
‫~‪...1~..‬‬ ‫‪14-28‬‬ ‫~~‪..110(0-$‬‬ ‫‪~01.1~1~0 15018-‬‬
‫‪~~0(0-8~8‬‬
‫‪(0~.‬‬

‫‪56~.‬‬ ‫‪14-12‬‬ ‫‪507‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪(3‬‬

‫‪0.,‬‬

‫‪~~€~.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪1)1, 111(08 00 10~ ~0010-5~~,‬‬ ‫(~~‪11~ (100 10~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪10~(1810(,‬‬
‫‪11--, 18 1(1~~~(~0.‬‬
‫‪1~~~ 011801(11100 (~()111(~8 (1 8~~(1((11~ ~0~~( 811~~1~ (100 10~(~(18~8 10~ ~081 (100 ~~1~01‬‬
‫‪1018‬‬

‫‪0110~ 11(10~ ~1(~1111.‬‬

‫‪~ 81111~1~ 1801(11100 (1(((10~~111~01 ~110 ~1118~ 1((10810(111~(8 18 800~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪14-29(1,‬‬ ‫‪~0~0‬‬ ‫~‪(1 ~1118~ 18 (1~~11~0 10 10~ 0(18~ 01 8~11~010~ 1((1081810(, (21, 10‬‬
‫‪1((1081810( 8(1111((11~8(100 10~ 0~ ~011(1~~ ~~~ (1~~~(1(8 (1~(088 10~ 1((10810(111~( ~(1111(1(~,‬‬
‫‪10011~10~ (1 ~1118~0 ~011(1~~ 00 10~ 1((10810(111~( 8~~000(1(~, ~01~0 18 (1~~11~0 0~1~~~0‬‬
‫‪10~ 10~(1810( ~(11~ (100 ~(11000~ 1~(11110(118. ~0~0‬‬ ‫~‪10~ ~1118~ 18 (~1110~~0 1(0111 10‬‬
‫‪0(18~ 011((1081810( (21, 10~ 1((1081810( 111(08 011 (100 (1~011(1~~ 01 0~~0811~ ~01(1(11~18‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪10011~~0 (1~(088 10~ ~(1111(1(~ (100 10~ 1(~~~0~~110~ 0100~, 1),,,, ~00011~18.‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~11((~01‬‬
‫‪011~ 10 10~ 1((10810(111~( 111(1~0~11~~0~(~~ 0~~(1~8 10(011~0 1),,, 10 2~(0,‬‬ ‫‪1)11(10~ 1018‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪1((1081~01, (1 ~0((~8~00010‬‬ ‫‪(~~~(8~ ~011(1~~ 18 10011~~010 10~ 8~~000(1(~.‬‬ ‫~‪10~ ~1118‬‬

‫‪~1010 ~(10 0~ 111(10~100~~( 0~ ~000~~110~ (1 ~(1~(1~110( ~(088 10~ (~81810(, ~, (18 800~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~. 14-290.‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 1((10810(111~( ~(1((1~8 110101(~~1100(11 ~11((~01 (100 10~ 111(1~0~11‬‬
‫‪~0(~ ~111 8(1111((11~, 10~(~0~ 111111110~10~ ~1118~ ~1010.‬‬ ‫‪1018 1~~~ 01 ~1118~ 1801(11100‬‬
‫‪18 81111(101~10( ~1118~8 011~~1~(111~ 50 /.18.‬‬
‫(~~‪10 111(10~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪~00~~(1~(8‬‬ ‫‪~110 10011~11~~ 10(10, 10~ ~00011~1100‬‬ ‫‪~~(100 01 (1‬‬
‫‪10~(1810( 0~~~008 00 10~ 10(10 ~0~~( 1(1~10(~ 10~(~10(~,‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 0~~10010‬‬ ‫(‪0110~(1810‬‬
‫‪~00011~1100 18 001 ~~11 0~110~0.‬‬ ‫(~~~‪10 1018 81111(11100, 11 18 011~0 0~~~88(1(~ 10 1(1‬‬
‫‪10~ 10~(1810(8 ~001101101181~. 1-10~~~~(, ~00110110118 ~(1110~ 10~(~(18~8 10~(1810( 1088~8.‬‬

‫‪508‬‬
 ‫‪1,-‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫‪.,‬‬
‫‪(3‬‬ ‫‪(3‬‬ ‫‪8,‬‬
‫‪.1‬‬ ‫‪......‬‬
‫‪(3‬‬
‫‪0,‬‬
‫‪09‬‬ ‫‪89‬‬ ‫‪~9‬‬
‫‪89‬‬ ‫‪~9‬‬

‫)‪~~(8‬‬ ‫)‪(0‬‬
‫)‪(0‬‬

‫~‬ ‫~‪~015‬‬ ‫‪1(3111 ~111(11‬‬ ‫~‪15 ~(~1~(301‬‬ ‫~‪(311 0‬‬ ‫‪0013111~0‬‬ ‫‪~1111 311 30)(1113()1 ~1110111~, 35‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪14-29(.‬‬ ‫‪~11~11‬‬ ‫(‪1(31151510‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪15 10(11~0 011, 3 .,,0113~~ 15 3150 11100(~0‬‬
‫‪111 111~ 30)(1113()1‬‬ ‫~‪~1110111‬‬ ‫~‪31111‬‬ ‫~‪035‬‬ ‫(‪011(31151510‬‬ ‫‪~ 1, 50(1111131‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬ ‫~‪/)1 15 (~.,,~(5‬‬
‫‪0135~0‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~1‬‬ ‫‪10(115‬‬ ‫‪011.‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ ((1~31111((1~,‬‬ ‫(‪(3~3(110‬‬ ‫‪~1 (113(~~5‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪111(00~11‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬

‫‪3110 10(115 011 ~1‬‬ ‫‪3~3111.‬‬ ‫‪11115 ~(0(~55‬‬ ‫‪0110(11-011‬‬ ‫‪3110 10(11-011‬‬ ‫‪(01111110~5‬‬ ‫‪35 1011~ 35‬‬
‫‪111~(~ 15 311 111~01 51~1131 10 111~ 1501310(.‬‬ ‫‪11151~30‬‬
‫‪01 05111~ 111~ 30)(1113()1 ~1110111~ 35‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪11((1~() (0010 ~~11~(31‬‬
‫~‪010(~111‬‬ ‫‪05(111310(,‬‬ ‫(‪311 ~~1)-10~1‬‬ ‫(‪~31~ ~1111 311 05(111310‬‬ ‫‪(0( 3‬‬
‫~‪3 ~015‬‬ ‫‪1(3111 35 5110~11 111 ~1~. 14-290.‬‬ ‫‪111 ~(3(11(~,‬‬ ‫)‪111~ ~~1‬‬ ‫~‪~31~ (3111101 0(1.,,‬‬
‫‪1(31151510( ~1 01(~(11)1, 3110 3 0011~( 513~~ 15 110(((1311)1 (01111~(1~0‬‬ ‫~(‪0~10‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1(31151510(.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫‪01 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪14-28‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪14-29‬‬ ‫‪15 110(((1311)1‬‬ ‫‪(01111~(1~0‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~‪~31‬‬ ‫~‪3110 (311100‬‬ ‫(~‪31011~ ~1111 0111‬‬ ‫~‪~31~-~(01~(1111‬‬ ‫‪(0((1~011~1115,‬‬ ‫‪35 5110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬
‫~‪0,1)/0,( (3~301111)101111‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1510(,‬‬
‫‪14-30.‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~51510(,‬‬ ‫‪~8,‬‬ ‫‪111~1~.‬‬ ‫‪14-303111((~35~5‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪(~00(~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(11-01111((1~,‬‬ ‫‪3110 111((~35~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11010111~ 3110 131(11111~ (0((~1115.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪(3~3(110(,‬‬ ‫‪~8,‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪14-300‬‬ ‫‪(~((10.,,~5‬‬ ‫~‪111~11-1(~()0~11()111015‬‬ ‫‪(0((1~011~1115‬‬ ‫‪3110 111-‬‬
‫‪((~35~5‬‬ ‫‪0,1)/0,( (3~301111)13110‬‬ ‫‪~31~ 0~13)111((1~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0100~,‬‬ ‫‪/)8,‬‬ ‫‪111~1~.‬‬ ‫(‪14-30‬‬ ‫‪~(01~(15‬‬
‫~‪111~ ~31‬‬ ‫‪1(0((1‬‬ ‫‪11~~311.,,~ .,,0113~~.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~.,,~(,‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪35)1((1((1~1(1(31‬‬ ‫‪5~~5,‬‬ ‫~‪1115 0~51(301‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪10 113.,,~ 50((1‬‬
‫~(‪3150 10 (~00‬‬
‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪14-300,‬‬
‫‪1(31151~111 05(111311011‬‬
‫‪3((100111‬‬

‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫~‪0100‬‬
‫~‪0111~~311.,,‬‬
‫‪111~ 10(11-01111((1~.‬‬
‫‪/)1‬‬ ‫‪3110~5‬‬
‫~‪~31‬‬
‫~‪~11111~5‬‬
‫~~‪.,,0113‬‬

‫~‪0(11)1111~ ~05111.,,‬‬
‫‪3110 11((1115 111~ ~31~ (0((~111.‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪1~310(~5‬‬
‫‪1((1~(0.,,~ 111~ 0,1)/0,( (3~301111)1 3110‬‬

‫‪(311 0~ (0((10111~0‬‬
‫‪~015~5 3110 ~1‬‬
‫‪35 5110~11 111‬‬
‫‪03((1~5 001 3(1)1‬‬

‫~(~‪111‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~1~1111)1~~5‬‬ ‫‪01111)1(1510(5.‬‬ ‫~‪0(11)1111‬‬ ‫‪0105‬‬ ‫‪3110 5111-15‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫~‪~31‬‬ ‫‪10(11-011‬‬
‫‪0~.,,1(~5.‬‬ ‫‪~3(11‬‬ ‫~~‪1)1‬‬ ‫‪1135 30.,,31113~~5‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪01530.,,31113~~5.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪(113(3(1~(1511(5‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬
‫‪~(3(11(31111)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫(~‪0111‬‬ ‫‪51~11111(31111)11(0((1‬‬ ‫‪11131 0110~31‬‬ ‫‪0~.,,1(~5.‬‬ ‫~(~‪~111100~11111‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪.,,3(1005‬‬ ‫~‪((1~3115 0110(11111‬‬ ‫‪011 111)1(1510(5,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~31‬‬ ‫‪(0111(0115‬‬ ‫‪111~ ((1051 ~(3(11(31.‬‬
‫~‪1)0‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ )011(11011‬‬ ‫‪(3~3(11311(~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 10(11-011‬‬ ‫‪11((111, 111)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫~‪((1051 0‬‬ ‫‪~(01~(1~0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪1(0((1111~11‬‬ ‫‪0,1,/0,( 3110 0,1)/0,( 13110(~5.‬‬ ‫(~‪~ 511000‬‬ ‫~(‪11~1~0‬‬ ‫‪15 110(((1311)1 05~0 10 ~(01~(1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1(0((1111~11‬‬ ‫‪0,1)/0,(.‬‬ ‫‪1)0~ 10 111~ (~(0.,,~(~0‬‬ ‫‪(113(~~,‬‬ ‫~‪50((1‬‬ ‫‪~11~(~)115 510(~0‬‬ ‫(‪111 111~ 0,1,/0,‬‬

‫‪3110 51(3)1‬‬ ‫‪11100(10(5‬‬ ‫‪~ 3110 111~ 0~.,,1(~5‬‬ ‫‪((1051‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪~(01~(1~0‬‬ ‫‪1(0((1‬‬ ‫‪11115 510(~0‬‬ ‫‪~11~(~)1.‬‬
‫~‪111~ 5~11(11111‬‬ ‫‪1055~5‬‬ ‫‪01 0105‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫(~‪((10(11111~11‬‬ ‫‪111311 11105~ 01110(((131‬‬ ‫‪5~~5.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫(~‪511000‬‬ ‫‪(0((1~011~1115‬‬ ‫‪01 0105‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~(111~3110‬‬ ‫‪111~1( ~~(10(((1311~~.‬‬
‫~‪1)0‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 0111~(~11~~5‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ ~113(3~1~(1511~5‬‬ ‫‪01111)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫~‪53((1‬‬ ‫‪1)1~~,‬‬
‫‪111~ 5~(1~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~3(311~1‬‬ ‫‪0~~(3110115‬‬ ‫‪01111)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫~(‪(~()01‬‬ ‫~~‪.,,0113‬‬ ‫~‪3110 (0((~111-5113(111‬‬
‫‪11~1~0(~5‬‬ ‫‪10 ~(01~~1‬‬ ‫(~‪111~((1 0110‬‬ ‫~‪51~30)1-5131‬‬ ‫‪3110 1(31151~111 (01101110115.‬‬ ‫‪1501311011‬‬

‫‪509‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪0~1~~~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪10~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪(1((1.111 300 ~31~ 51~0315 15 0~(~553()1.‬‬ ‫(~‪~ ~1.115~ 1(30510((0‬‬
‫‪150131100 15 51(0~1~.‬‬ ‫‪~0( 1001.1(11~~ 10305, 3 ~1.115~ 1(310 1031 (~01.1(~5 10)1(1510( 1055‬‬
‫‪15 00((0311)11.15~0 10( ~3110~ 10)1(1510(5 1051~30 01 3 (001101.101.15 ~1.115~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1. 0~11~(~181~~111~,‬‬ ‫‪50~.‬‬ ‫‪~(1111.-1(1/,61/1 ~0., 0.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪0(~111~(11 ~110~.‬‬ ‫‪)3. 0010~11,‬‬ ‫‪~05. 811~1~~000‬‬
‫‪01~~5,‬‬ ‫=‪~.1.‬‬ ‫‪~(~1111~~-1-1~11, 111~., 1982.‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪0(~111‬‬ ‫‪~110 ~.‬‬ ‫‪1-10110~, .4./1/1/)11118 111(~711(1(1011(1/~~~(111~7,5‬‬ ‫‪0(1(~ 71.-1711-0117/1)1715(075,‬‬
‫‪~~~11~~6011‬‬ ‫~‪~01‬‬ ‫‪~0.‬‬ ‫‪~~-315~,‬‬ ‫‪81 5~~111100,‬‬ ‫‪~~11~.= 1111~(11~6011~1 ~~~6~1~(.‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪~. 1(. 0111,‬‬ ‫‪~. )3. 5~15~)(,‬‬ ‫‪~110 0.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~~1~2~)(,‬‬ ‫(~~‪..1-11~/1 ~0‬‬ ‫‪~5~(11(11~1(1~~11/1~(1510(5.,,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~~‪1‬‬ ‫‪1110,1.-15(7)1‬‬
‫‪.4./1/1/1~(1(10115 50~1~/)1 ~0111~7~11~~ ~~~070,,‬‬ ‫‪1985,‬‬
‫‪~~. 267-272.‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪1-1~5/11(11010, 1-1. 1(1(1/1~1~, ~.‬‬ ‫‪~~1~11~0~,‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~15/1111(~, ~110 5. 1~~~(111, ..111(11-011 ~110‬‬
‫~(‪111(11-0~~ ~/1~(~~1~(1511~5 0~ ~ 4.5-1‬‬ ‫~‪3000-‬‬ ‫‪~~1~ 111(11-0~~ 1/1~(1510(.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪1‬‬ ‫‪77(1115(1~(/0115‬‬
‫‪0111110,1.-15(7)1.4./1/1/1~(1(10115, ~01.‬‬ ‫‪1~22,‬‬ ‫‪~0.‬‬ ‫‪3, 1986,‬‬ ‫‪~~. 478-482.‬‬
‫‪5. 0.‬‬ ‫‪1-1~5/11(11010, ~.‬‬ ‫‪1~)(~/1~5/11,‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~~1~11~0~,‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪~=~0~,‬‬ ‫‪~1101.‬‬ ‫‪~11)1/11(~, .,2.5-)(~,‬‬
‫‪2000-‬‬
‫‪~ (110110111/11~ ~~1~ 111(11-0~~ 1/1~(1510(.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪1‬‬ ‫‪1110,1.-15(7)1‬‬
‫‪.4./1/1/1~(1(10115 506~()1‬‬ ‫~~‪~0111~7~11‬‬
‫‪~~~070,, 1986, ~~. 388-392.‬‬
‫‪6. 8.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪1-10, ~110~.‬‬ ‫~‪~. 5~11, ..8~~~~10‬‬ ‫(‪~~1~ 0(1~~ 011 0101/1~(1510‬‬ ‫‪~/1~(~~1~(156~5.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪1‬‬
‫‪77(1115(1~(10115 0111110,1.-15(71(1/~/~~170111~5,‬‬ ‫‪~01.‬‬ ‫‪1833,‬‬ ‫‪~0.‬‬ ‫‪3 (~11~1151) 1986,‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫‪325-331.‬‬
‫‪7.‬‬ ‫‪1-1. ~11)(111, 1-1. ~(11~110,‬‬ ‫‪~110 1-1. ~1~~,‬‬ ‫‪..~~(~11~1111~ 0~ ~~1~ 111(11-0~~ 10~(1510(5.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪1‬‬
‫‪1110,/.-/5(7)1.4./1/1/1~(1(10115 50~1~/)1 ~0111~7~11~~ ~~~070,,‬‬ ‫‪1982,‬‬ ‫‪~~. 741-746.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪8. ~.‬‬
‫~‪51~6‬‬
‫‪~~)(~(1111(~,‬‬ ‫‪1-1. 1~0~110,‬‬
‫‪111011~6011 1/1~(1510(.,,‬‬
‫‪~0. 6, 1986, ~~. 1000-1006.‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪1~)(1~~~~,‬‬
‫~~~‪1‬‬
‫‪1. 1~~(~5/11, ~110 1. ~15/112~~~, .,~~(~ /11~/1 5~~~0‬‬
‫‪77(1115(1~(10115 011 1110,1.-15(7)1‬‬
‫‪.4./1/1/1~(1(10115, ~01. 1~22,‬‬

‫‪14-1.‬‬ ‫‪~/1~115‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ 1)-1 ~/1~(~~1~(156‬‬ ‫‪0~ 1/1~(1510(57‬‬

‫‪14-2.‬‬ ‫‪~/1~115‬‬ ‫‪~11 0~~-51~1~ ~0110111011 0~ 1/1~(1510(57‬‬
‫‪14-3.‬‬ ‫‪~/1~115‬‬ ‫‪~11 011-51~1~ ~011016011 0~ 1/1~(1510(57‬‬
‫‪14-4.‬‬ ‫‪~0~115‬‬ ‫‪~ 1~1~/1111~ ~11((~111 0~ 1/1~(1510(57‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪14-5.‬‬ ‫‪~/1~115‬‬ ‫‪~ /1010111~ ~11((~111 0~ 1/1~(1510(57‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪14-6.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(1115‬‬ ‫(‪1/1~ 1~0-1((11151510‬‬ ‫‪(1100~1 0~ 1/1~(1510(57‬‬

‫‪14-7.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(11 (1(~ 1/1~ (11~~115 0~ 111(11111~-0111/1~(1510(57‬‬
‫‪14-8.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(1115‬‬ ‫‪111(11-011 6(11~ 0~ 1/1~(1510(57‬‬
‫‪14-9.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(1115‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ ~11(~05‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0,1/0,( ~(01~~60117‬‬
‫‪14-10.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(11 15 1/1~ ~0(11(11011 (11~1/100 0~ 0,1/0,( ~(01~~60117‬‬
‫‪14-11.‬‬ ‫‪%(1115‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ ~11(~05‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0,1)/0,1 ~(01~~60117‬‬
‫‪14-12.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(1115‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ ~0(11(11011 (11~1/100 0~ 0,1)/0,( ~(01~~110117‬‬
‫‪14-13.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(1115‬‬ ‫‪111(11-0~~ 6(11~ 0~ 1/1~(1510(57‬‬

‫‪510‬‬
 ‫‪14-14.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 111~ 1)1~~5 01111)1(1510(57‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪14-15.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫~~‪15 311 5‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪14-16.‬‬ ‫‪~113115‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0111~(~11~~ 0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫~~‪311 5‬‬ ‫‪3110 3 1~1,6.~7‬‬
‫‪14-17.‬‬ ‫‪~113115‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111(11-011 ~113(3~1~(1511~ 01111)1(1510(57‬‬
‫‪14-18.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 111~ 30~311138~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 01530~311138~5‬‬ ‫‪0101057‬‬
‫‪14-19.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 111~ 30~311138~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 01530~311138~5‬‬ ‫‪01 5111-157‬‬
‫‪14-20.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 111~ 30~311138~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 01530~311138~5‬‬ ‫‪01 ~~157‬‬
‫‪14-21.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 111~ 30~311138~5‬‬ ‫‪3110 01530~311138~5‬‬ ‫‪011-,6.5~~57‬‬
‫‪14-22.‬‬ ‫‪~113115‬‬ ‫‪3 5111100~( 11~1~0()(7‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪14-23.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 111~ 0~51811 ~011510~(3110115 01 5111100~( 11~1~0()(5 7‬‬
‫‪14-24.‬‬ ‫‪~113115‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~01111110111~~11111().11~10( ~01138‬‬ ‫‪5113(1118 01 5~(1~5-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1510(57‬‬
‫‪14-25.‬‬ ‫‪~1131 3(~ 111~~01111110111~~11111().11~510(~11((~111 5113(1118 01 ~3(311~1-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1510(57‬‬
‫‪14-26.‬‬ ‫‪~113115‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~11~~101 (~~~(5‬‬ ‫~‪(~~0~~()16111‬‬ ‫‪011111~ 1(31151~111~01138~ 5113(1118 01 ~3(311~1-‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~01111~~1~0 111)1(1510(57‬‬
‫‪14-27.‬‬ ‫‪~1131‬‬ ‫‪15 3 0~(36118‬‬ ‫‪13~10( 01 5~(1~5-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪111)1(1510(57‬‬

‫‪14-1. 111~ 110101118 ~11((~111 01111)1(1510(5 111111~ 111(~~-~1135~ 11111~011~~(1~( 111~18. 4-93 15 /,1‬‬
‫‪= 200 111,6. 3110 111~ 0~13)1 11111~15 2.5 (.1-5. 111~ ~011~~(1~( 15 511~~11~0 1(0111 3 111(~~-‬‬
‫‪~1135~ ~)1~-~01111~~1~0 208- ~ 60-1-12 511~~1)1 3110 1135 3 1030 011.. = 8 1111-13110 8. = 2‬‬
‫‪0~ 1115 0~~(31~0‬‬ ‫‪~1111 3 0~13)1 31181~ 01 ~ = 600.‬‬ ‫‪0~1~(111111~ 111~ 111111111111111‬‬
‫‪~10111 01‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪14-2.‬‬
‫‪14-3.‬‬
‫‪831~ ~1115~ ~10111,‬‬
‫‪~~~~31‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~(00.‬‬
‫‪110101118‬‬
‫‪((1.‬‬

‫‪14-1111..‬‬
‫‪~11((~111‬‬
‫‪= 0.‬‬
‫(‪01111)1(1510‬‬ ‫(~~~‪11 111 111~ ~110‬‬
‫~‪111,6. 3110 111~ 0~13)1 6111~ 01 11 15 1.5 (.1-5. 111~ 0~ 111~111~01138‬‬
‫~~‪111011~1311‬‬ ‫‪1.., 15 11~8118101~.‬‬ ‫‪111135‬‬ ‫‪3 1030‬‬ ‫‪011..‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪~1(~1111 111 ~18.‬‬

‫‪101111-1‬‬ ‫‪3110 8.‬‬

‫‪7-15‬‬ ‫‪15 /,,‬‬ ‫‪= 200‬‬
‫~~(‪15 220 ~ 3110 5011‬‬
‫‪= 2 0.‬‬ ‫~‪0~1~(111111‬‬
‫‪111~ 111111111111111‬‬
‫‪~10111 01 831~ ~1115~ ~10111, ((1.‬‬
‫‪14-4. 111~ )1111~11011~3~3~11311~~ 01 3 111)1(1510( ~311 0~ 35511111~0 10 0~ 1110~~~110~111 01 011-‬‬
‫‪5131~ ~01138~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1111116118~3111~ 01 ~113(81118 ~11((~11110 111(11011 111~ 111)1(1510( 15 12‬‬
‫‪111,6.. 11111~ ~(16~31 ~3111~ 010.1)/0.( 15 800 ~/(.1-5, 0~1~(111111~ 111~ )1111~11011~3~3~11311~~.‬‬
‫‪14-5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ )1111~11011~3~3~11311~~ 013 111)1(1510( 15 ~12 = 20 ~~ 3110~3110~ 35511111~01110~~~110~111‬‬
‫‪01 011-5131~ ~01138~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1/111111118~3111~ 01 ~113(81118 ~11((~11110‬‬ ‫(‪111(11011 111~ 111)1(1510‬‬
‫(‪15 15 111,6.. 11 3 ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪01 0.01‬‬ ‫‪(.1-~15 ~01111~~1~0 3~(055‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 111)1(1510(, 0~1~(111111~ 111‬‬
‫‪~(111~31 ~3111~ 010.1)/0.(.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪14-6.‬‬ ‫‪,6. 111)1(1510( ~1(~111115 5110~11 111~18. ~14-6.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ )1111~6011 ~3~3~11311~~ 01111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~12 = 15 ~~ 3110 ~311 0~ 35511111~010 0~ 1110~~~110~11101111~ 011-5131~ ~01138~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬

‫‪~1‬‬

‫‪511‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪11(1111111~~3111~ 01 ~/131~111~ ~1111~111 10 111111011 1/1~ 1/1~115101 15 5 (11~ 3110 1/1~ ~1111~31‬‬
‫‪~3111~ 01 ()1)/()( 15 200 ~/,..,5.‬‬ ‫‪1)~1~1(11111~ 1/1~ ~3111~ 01 ~3~3~11311~~ ~, 501/1311/1~ 1/1~115101‬‬
‫‪~111 1101 0~ 111111~0 011 011~ 10 ()1)/()(.‬‬
‫‪14-7.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ ~/10~~~1‬‬ ‫‪~11~1111111~)(3(11~1~ 7-11115~5‬‬
‫‪1/1~ 51(11~1~ 8.~ 5111100~111~1~01~,‬‬ ‫‪35 5/10~11‬‬
‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪14-90,‬‬ ‫‪101 1/1~1151015 1/,‬‬ ‫‪111/1~ ()1)/()( 01 311 1/1~1151015 15 1111111~0‬‬
‫‪12, 3110 13.‬‬
‫~~‪10 200 ~/,..,5 3110 1/1~ 015~/131~111~ ~1111~1115 31~ 11(1111~010 10% 011/1~111~5~~~11‬‬ ‫(‪~~3/‬‬
‫‪~3111~5, 0~1~1111111~ 1/1~ (3) ~3111~5 01 5111100~1 1~5151015 3110 ~3~3~11015,‬‬ ‫‪3110 (/)) ~0~~1‬‬
‫‪131111~5 011~5151015.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫‪~11~~15 01 1030‬‬ ‫‪~11~1111 3110 50111~~ 111011~1311~~ ~,‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬
‫‪11~~1~~1~0.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪14-8.‬‬ ‫~~‪1/1~ 111~111~0113‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~. 14-9~ 15 ~, = 200 ~ ~11/1 3 1030 1~5151311~~ 01 8.‬‬
‫‪= 10.0‬‬
‫~‪3110 3 1030 111011~1311~~01 ~ = 50 ,..,1-1. 111/1~ 03(11~111~131/0 150.7 3110 1/1~ 015~/131~111‬‬
‫‪~1111~11101 ~3~3~1101 15 5 ~, 0~1~1(11111~ 1/1~ (3) ~3111~5 018., 3110 ~,, 3110 (/)) (113)(111111(11‬‬
‫‪()1)/()(.‬‬

‫‪14-9.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~100.‬‬ ‫~~‪14-8 111/1~ 111~111~0113‬‬ ‫‪15 3~, 1), = 179 5111377(.‬‬
‫‪14-10.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ ~/10~~~1‬‬ ‫~‪~11~1111111~)(3(11~1~ 7-11115~51/1‬‬ ‫~~~‪1~ 1/1~115101 011‬‬ ‫~~‪530‬‬ ‫‪1011/1~115101‬‬
‫‪1/.‬‬‫~~‪1)~1~1(11111~ 1/1~ (3) 5~11~/1111~ 1055~5 011/1~115101, ~,~ (/)) 1~~~15~ 1~~0~~1~ ~/131‬‬
‫‪011/1~115101,‬‬ ‫‪(2~~~ (~) 1~~~15~ 1~~0~~1~ ~0~~11055‬‬ ‫‪011/1~115101, ~~~ 3110 (().) 1/1~111131‬‬
‫)‪1~5151311~~ 011/1~ /1~31 5111/( 111/1~ )1111~110113110 3(1101~1111~(11~~131111~5 31~ 1‬‬
‫~‪= 1250‬‬
‫‪3110 1/1 = 250~, 1~5~~~11~~1~.‬‬ ‫()(‪~5511(11~ ()//‬‬
‫‪= 200 ~/,..,5.‬‬
‫‪14-11.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫~‪1‬‬ ‫~~~‪1/1~115101 011‬‬ ‫~~‪530‬‬ ‫‪~3111~5 3 ~1111~111 35 5/10~11 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪~14-11.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬
‫‪5~11~/1111~ 11~()11~11~~ 15/,‬‬ ‫‪= 50 1-12. 1)~1~1(11111~ 1/1~ (3) 3~~13~~ 011-5131~ ~0~~1 1055,‬‬
‫‪~,~ (/)) 011-5131~ ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪~,~ (~) 111111-01111(11~, (4~ 3110 (().) 1~~~15~ 1~~0~~1~ ~/131~~,‬‬
‫‪(2~~.‬‬ ‫‪~5511(11~ 1/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1250~.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪14-12.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ ~/10~~~1‬‬ ‫‪~11~1111111~1~. 14-22‬‬ ‫‪115~5 3111~-010‬‬ ‫~~~‪011‬‬ ‫‪350~11‬‬ ‫~~‪3110 /135 3 1~51511‬‬
‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪= 1.5.0.‬‬
‫~‪01 8.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 0~ 111~111~0113~~ 15 ~, = 600~.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 0111~ ~~~1~ 15 80%‬‬
‫‪3110 1/1~ 5~11~/1111~ 11~()11~11~~ 15/, = 1 /(1-12. 1/1~ 5111100~1 ~3~3~11311~~ 15 ~,‬‬
‫~‪= 2 ,..,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪3110 5111100~1 1~5151311~~ 15 8., = 5.0.‬‬ ‫‪1)~1~1(11111~ 1/1~ (3) 111111-01111(11~, (00~ (/)) 111111-‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪011 ~31~ ~1111~111, 10(2~ (~) 131111(11~, (1~ (().) 111111-011~0~~11055~5,‬‬ ‫‪~00~ (~) 111111-011~0~~1‬‬
‫‪1055~5,‬‬ ‫~‪~0,,‬‬ ‫‪(0‬‬ ‫‪10131‬‬ ‫‪~0~~11055‬‬ ‫‪01010,‬‬ ‫~‪~,‬‬ ‫)~(‬ ‫~‪~01111011301‬‬ ‫~‪011-5131‬‬ ‫‪~1111~111,‬‬ ‫~‪1,0(2‬‬
‫‪(11) ~31~ ~1111~111, 10,,‬‬ ‫‪3110 ~31~ ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪~ 0,,‬‬
‫~‪31 1) = 250~~ 3110 (1) 1/1~ ~3111~ 011/1‬‬
‫~‪~31~-~31/100‬‬ ‫‪1~5151311~~ 10 11(11111/1~ ~1111~31 ()1)/()( 10 800 ~/,..,5.‬‬ ‫‪~5511(11~ 3 )1111~~1011‬‬
‫)‪1~(11~~131111~ 011‬‬ ‫‪= 1250~.‬‬
‫‪14-13.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫‪1~50113111 ~1115~ 111~~11~1 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-273‬‬ ‫~‪115~5 311 1‬‬ ‫‪010‬‬ ‫~~~‪011‬‬ ‫‪350~11.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬
‫‪111~~11~1 /135 3 0~ 511~~1~ ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬
‫‪= 200~,‬‬ ‫‪~3~3~11311~~, ~ = 80 ,..,~, 111011~1311~~,‬‬
‫)(‪~ = 12.8 ,..,1-1, 3110 11~~11~101~ 1~5151311~~. 1/1~ 11111131~3~3~1101 ~0113~~, ~,,‬‬
‫‪= 200‬‬
‫‪~ 3110 1/1~ 5~11~/1111~ 11~()11~11~~, 1, = 4 /(1-12. 1)~1~1(11111~ 1/1~ 1055~5 01 010.‬‬
‫‪14-14.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪511111~ 011/1~1151015‬‬ ‫~~‪31~ ~01111~~1~0 111 5~11~5 10 ~11/1513110 3 0~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪01 ~,‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫=‬

‫‪512‬‬
 ‫‪)(~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111(1)(111111111‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~~~‪1~(1)((1~~ ~11~~~111 (1110 ~~~0..,‬‬ ‫‪~11(1~~~ 0111~~~11~~5 01111~~1510~5‬‬
‫‪(1~~ 10 111~ (1110 150 ~~,‬‬ ‫‪~~5~~~6..,~1~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~~(11111~ 1(1~10~ 0120%‬‬ ‫~‪15 (1~~11~0 10~ 111‬‬
‫‪51~(10~-51(11~ (1110 1~(11151~111..,011(1~~ 511(1~111~501111~~1510~5.‬‬ ‫‪11111~ 111(1)(111111111‬‬
‫‪51~(10~-‬‬
‫‪51(11~ ..,011(1~~ 511(1~111~15 1000 ~,‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~111111~ 111~ (3) 51~(10~-51(11~ ..,011(1~~ 511(1~111~~~5151-‬‬
‫‪(111~~, ~,‬‬ ‫‪10~ ~(1~11111~~1510~~ (1110 ())) 1~(11151~111..,011(1~~ ~(1~(1~11(111~~, ~1, 10~ ~(1~11111~-‬‬
‫‪~1510~ .‬‬
‫‪14-15.‬‬ ‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪111~~1510~5‬‬ ‫‪(1~~ ~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪111 ~(1~(111~110‬‬ ‫‪511(1~~ (1101(1110(10‬‬ ‫‪~11~~~111 01/1-‬‬ ‫‪= 600 ~.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪011-51(11‬‬ ‫~~‪..,011(1‬‬ ‫~‪0~0‬‬ ‫~‪01 011~ 111~~1510‬‬ ‫‪15 ~,1‬‬ ‫‪= 1.0‬‬ ‫‪(11‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪(1110‬‬ ‫‪111(11‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫~~‪0111‬‬

‫‪111~~1510~5‬‬‫‪15 ~ ~ = 1.5 ~ (11 300~.‬‬ ‫‪()~1~~111111~111~..,(1111~501 5~~1~5 ~~5151(111~~5‬‬

‫‪10‬‬
‫‪10~~~ ~11~~~111511(1~111~~111110%‬‬ ‫‪0111~~~11~~. 101(11 ..,011(1~~,1) = 2.5 ~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪513‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪15‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪/=1,,0~80~10/1 0( 08~1085‬‬ ‫‪8/10‬‬
‫‪01,,0()1~5‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪011‬‬ ‫~‪10 111~ (~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪(~~0~~()1‬‬ ‫‪~(0~~55‬‬ ‫(~~‪01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫~‪~110 5~11~11111~ ~~110115 111 111‬‬
‫~~‪~(~5~11‬‬ ‫‪01 ~1(~1111 111011~1~11~~5,‬‬ ‫~~~‪~011‬‬ ‫(‪1(~1151~1115 0~~11‬‬ ‫(~‪111 111~ ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪~1(~11115.‬‬
‫‪.8~~11111‬‬ ‫‪~~(~11111)1 0~51~11~0‬‬ ‫‪~1(~11115, 5110(1-~1(~11111~1111‬‬ ‫~‪~01101110115 01~)1 ~)(11, (~51111111‬‬
‫~~‪111 ~11 ~)(~~551‬‬ ‫~‪~11((~111110‬‬ ‫~‪111(011~11111‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11~~1 ~(0011~~0‬‬ ‫‪~)11055~5‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬
‫(‪~ 5~011~011011~10‬‬ ‫~~‪0~~1‬‬ ‫‪011151 ~~ 01551~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪511111~1~1111)1 ~110 ~11~~11~~1)1‬‬ ‫~‪10 0~~(~1‬‬
‫~~‪111~ 0~~1‬‬ ‫(~~~‪~1111111115 11‬‬ ‫~(‪1~01~~(~111‬‬ ‫‪110111.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (~11~~1‬‬ ‫‪0~~(~11011‬‬ ‫(~‪01 ~ ~011~~(1‬‬
‫‪~01110‬‬ ‫~(‪(~().111‬‬ ‫‪~11511(111~ 111~1 ~1 ~11 1101~5 111~ ~1(~1111 ~01101110115‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪1101 ~)(~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪(~1111~5‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5,‬‬ ‫~‪~)1 ~(0~10111‬‬ ‫‪~(01~~11011‬‬ ‫‪~~~11151 0~~(~011~~~,‬‬ ‫‪0~~(-‬‬
‫‪~11((~111,‬‬ ‫‪~110 0~~(11~~1111~.‬‬ ‫‪111 ~(~~11~~,‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫~(~‬ ‫‪~(01~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪1(001‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪111~(01~1‬‬ ‫‪(1111~~)1‬‬ ‫‪~)1 11~~1 5111~5,‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫‪111~11.0-1)/0-( ~110 0-//0-( ~)1 51111~~~(5,‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(5‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(~~0~~()11(~1151~1115,‬‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬ ‫‪511~~1)1 ~110 10~0‬‬ ‫)‪510~ 1(~1151~1115, ~110 (5‬‬ ‫‪1~1111 ~01101110115‬‬ ‫‪~)1‬‬
‫‪1115~5.‬‬

‫~‪011‬‬ ‫~‪10 011-51~1‬‬ ‫‪~110 5~11~11111~ 1055~5,‬‬ ‫‪11~~1 15 ~~11~(~1~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪~1111111 111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~.‬‬
‫‪11115 11~~1 011151 ~~ 1(~1151~((~0‬‬ ‫‪1(001‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 0~~1‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~ ~001111‬‬ ‫‪01~011101‬‬ ‫‪10 01~1111~111‬‬
‫~‪111~ 0~~(~1111‬‬ ‫~(‪)1111~11011 1~01~~(~111‬‬ ‫‪~1111111 111~ 5~~~111~0‬‬ ‫‪(~11~~.‬‬ ‫‪~1111011~1111115‬‬ ‫‪11~~1‬‬

‫‪514‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪...120..~ 15-1‬‬ ‫‪81~~1(1~31 30310~ 0( 11~31‬‬

‫~‪.‬‬ ‫‪1(305(~(.‬‬

‫~‪1((1118~~( ~(111 0‬‬ ‫‪(1~~0111~11811~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 ~01101.1~11011,‬‬ ‫‪~011~~~11011,‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪((101(111011,‬‬ ‫(‪11(111.1((110‬‬

‫‪~0(~~0-(11(,‬‬ ‫‪~011~~~11011‬‬ ‫‪~0011118‬‬ ‫‪18 ~01111110111)11.18~0‬‬ ‫‪111 11101181(1(11 (1~~11~(1110118.‬‬

‫~‪111~ 11~(11 1111.18150‬‬ ‫~~‪~(0111 111~ 0~~1‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ ~(18~ (1110 111~11 10 111~ 11~(11 8111~ 111‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪111~ ~0011118‬‬ ‫(~~‪111~011.1111. 1~ 11-4 18 111~ (1~~((18~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪1088 111 111~ 0~~1~~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1~~1(1~(11‬‬
‫‪(111(1108 0~ (1 0~~1~~,‬‬ ‫‪~111~1118 11101.1111~0 011 (1 11~(11 8111~, 18 8110~11 111 ~18. 15-1.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬

‫~‪)1.111~11011 1~111~~((111.1(~ 0‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~,‬‬ ‫‪1./,‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪81~~11‬‬ ‫‪0)1‬‬

‫‪1./ = 11-4(~./~.‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~~.5‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪~5-4‬‬ ‫)‪(15-1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪~11~(~ ~./‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~~‪111~(111(11 (~8181(111‬‬ ‫~‪~(0111 )1.111~11011 10 ~(18~, 00‬‬

‫‪~~5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~~‪111~(111(11 (~8181(111~~ ~(0111 ~(18~ 10 8111~, 0‬‬

‫‪~5-4‬‬ ‫~‪111~(111(11 (~8181(111~~ ~(0111 8111~ 10 (111101~111, 00‬‬

‫~‪0‬‬
‫‪1-4‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(111101~1111~111~~((111.1(~,‬‬

‫‪(1(~ 110(111(111)18~~~1~1~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪0)1111~ ~0‬‬ ‫~~‪0~~1‬‬ ‫~~‪111(1111.1~(1~11.1(~(8. 011‬‬

‫‪~./~ (1110 ~~5‬‬
‫~~‪111~ 0~~1‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1088,‬‬ ‫‪11-4, 18 ~110~11,‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~().1.11(~0‬‬‫‪111~(111(11 (~8181(111~~ 0~ 111~ 11~(11‬‬
‫‪8111~ ~(111 0~ ~(11~1.11(11~0 ~0( (1 8~~~1~1~0‬‬ ‫‪(111101~1111~111~~((111.1(~,‬‬ ‫‪1-4.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11~)(1 81~~ 18‬‬
‫‪10 ~11008~ (1 11~(11 8111~ (1110 118 812~ ~111~11 ~01.110‬‬ ‫~~‪111~~1 111~ 111~(111(11 (~8181(111‬‬ ‫‪(~-‬‬
‫‪().1.11(~111~111.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪8110~11‬‬
‫~‬

‫‪18 0~~1~1~0‬‬
‫~‪~10‬‬
‫‪(1110 111~)1 1.18~ ~0011118‬‬

‫‪111 ~18.‬‬
‫‪~(1(1~1)1 0~ ~)(1(1.10~0‬‬

‫‪15-2,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬
‫‪~0( 11(111.1((11~0011118.‬‬
‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬
‫~‪11~(11 8111~8 (1(~ ~0111111~(~1(111)1 (1~(111(101‬‬
‫‪(111.11111111.1111‬‬
‫‪~1118 10 111~(~(18~ 111~ 11~(11 1((1118~~( ~(1~(101111)1.‬‬
‫‪(~8181(111~~ ~11(1((1~1~(1811~8 0~ (1 1)1~1~(1111~(11 8111~ ~111111(111.1((11 (1110 ~0(~~0‬‬
‫‪01881~(111011‬‬
‫‪111~ 111~(111(11‬‬
‫~(‪~0011118 (1‬‬

‫~(‪(18(111181111~ 8111~ 1~111~~((1111‬‬

‫‪111 ~0(~~0 ~0011118, 111~ 111~(111(11 (~8181(111~~ 0~~(~(18~8‬‬
‫~‪(18‬‬

‫~‪~1111111‬‬ ‫‪(11( ~~10~11)1.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪(100~~ (1 ~~(1(1111 ~~10~11)1, 111~ (~01.1~11011 111 111~(111(11‬‬
‫~~‪(~8181(111‬‬ ‫‪18 1101 818111~1~(1111.‬‬ ‫‪1-1~(11 8111~8 0~ ~(1(101.18 1)1~~8 (1(~ 8110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~18.‬‬ ‫‪15-3.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~0111(1~1 (1(~(1 0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 0~~1‬‬ ‫‪(1110 11~(11 8111~ 18 ~)(1(~111~1)11111~0(1(111110‬‬
‫‪111111111112~111~ 111~(111(11 (~8181(111~~ 0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(18~ (1110 8111~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 81.1(~(1~~8 81101110‬‬
‫‪0~ 5(11, 811100111, (1110 ~(~~ 0~ 01(1, ~0((081011,‬‬ ‫‪(1110 81.1(~(1~~ 0)(10~8.‬‬ ‫‪5111~011~ 8(~(18~8‬‬
‫~‪(1(~ 110(111(111)1 (1~~11~0 10 1111~(0~~ 111~ 11~(11 1((1118~~( ~(1~(101111)1 (1110 10 111111111112~111‬‬
‫‪~0(111(111011 0~ 0)(10~8‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~0((081011.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~~‪111~ 0~~1‬‬ ‫‪1111.1810~ 11101.1111~0 ~(0~~(1)1‬‬ ‫‪011 111~ 11~(11 8111~ 10 001(1111 111~ ~0((~~1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~(‪1110111111118 ~(~881.1‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111(111118 81.1(~(1~~8.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(~~‪~(0‬‬ ‫‪11181(111(111011~(0~~-‬‬

‫‪01.1(~8‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 1.181.1(111)1(~~0111111~110~0‬‬ ‫~~‪0)1 111~ 0~~1‬‬ ‫‪111(1111.1~(1~11.1(~(8.‬‬ ‫‪111 ~(18~ 0~ 811.10-‬‬
‫‪11101.1111~0 0~~1~~8,‬‬ ‫~~‪~)(~~881‬‬ ‫~‪11101.1111111810(().1.1~8 111(1)1 ~(11.18~ 111~~11(1111~(110(1111(18~ 0‬‬
‫~(~~‪111~ 8111~011 ~(1‬‬ ‫‪(1110 111~ 811.10 (1110 111.1181101.110 1101 0~ 8(~(18~0‬‬ ‫~‪0( 11.10(1~(11~0 0~~(1118‬‬
‫‪111~ 11.10(1~(111011 111~(~(18~8‬‬
‫‪111~ 1~1181011 011 111~ 811.10.‬‬
‫‪111~ 0~~1~~ 111(1)10~ ~001~0‬‬ ‫‪0)111~(11 ~1~~8 ~(1(11(111)1 ~111~0 ~111110~-~(1~0(-~(~8-‬‬
‫~~‪81.1(~ 11().1.110. 111~ 0~~1‬‬ ‫‪18 11101.1111~0 011 011~ 810~ 0~ 111~ ~1~~ (1110 (1 ~0110~1181118‬‬
‫(‪111~~11(11118111 (0‬‬ ‫)~‪11~(11 8111‬‬ ‫(~‪011 111~ 0111‬‬ ‫~‪810‬‬ ‫‪(18 8110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~18.‬‬ ‫‪15-4.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪11~(11‬‬

‫‪5€~. 15-2‬‬ ‫‪515‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪~~~ ..,8~00~.‬‬ ‫)‪(11//11~,,‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪700‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬ ‫‪900‬‬ ‫‪1000‬‬
‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪1.0‬‬

‫‪90‬‬
‫‪//‬‬
‫‪0.9‬‬

‫‪(3‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪~431/‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬

‫=‪~-‬‬
‫)‪0‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬
‫‪/./‬‬ ‫‪433‬‬ ‫‪.9‬‬
‫‪0.7 ...‬‬
‫‪~~60‬‬ ‫‪/1- ....‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~~‪0.6 .‬‬
‫)‪~0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~.8‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫~‪/‬‬ ‫)()(‬
‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪/~~///‬‬
‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫~~‬
‫)‪~0‬‬ ‫‪0-‬‬
‫‪.05‬‬
‫~_‪0).‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫=‪.-‬‬
‫‪0-‬‬
‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪~.....‬‬
‫‪~_--‬‬‫‪431‬‬
‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫~~‬
‫~~‬
‫‪~...‬‬
‫‪~30‬‬
‫‪,/‬‬ ‫‪---‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪0.3‬‬ ‫~‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(/) ~20‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫‪433‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪0.2‬‬

‫‪10‬‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬
‫‪/1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪450‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬

‫‪..1~11..~ 15-2‬‬ ‫‪1/1~(11131 (~515.311~~ ~/13(3~.~(1511~5. (~0~,(~$)1‬‬ ‫‪0/ ~(1~(1‬‬ ‫‪11((//(~//~/0‬‬

‫)~‪~/1~//1~~,//1‬‬

‫‪~(0011~~0‬‬ ‫~~‪0)1 111~ 0~..,1‬‬ ‫‪..,(1~0(12~8‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11().1110 (100‬‬ ‫‪111~ ..,(1~0(,‬‬ ‫‪111~0‬‬ ‫‪00~8‬‬ ‫~‪10 111‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~000~081015‬‬
‫~~‪0~..,1‬‬

‫‪00(111(111)1,‬‬
‫~(‪11111~8 1110‬‬
‫‪~00,‬‬

‫(‪011 0‬‬
‫~(~‪~11‬‬
‫~~‪111(1)10~ (11 80111~ 0181(10‬‬
‫(~~‪101111511-~0‬‬
‫‪~(11~(.‬‬
‫~‪~11~~11..,‬‬
‫‪11 ~000~08~8‬‬

‫‪(1~~11~(111008,‬‬
‫(~‪~(11‬‬ ‫‪~0011015‬‬
‫‪111(10 011 ~0011015.‬‬
‫‪(100 111~ 11().1110 (~111(08‬‬
‫‪1(0111 111~ 11~(11 810~.‬‬
‫‪111~ 0~..,1~~8‬‬
‫‪10 111~ 11~(11 8011(~~.‬‬

‫‪(1(~ 1110(~ ~11~~11..,~1)1 ~001~0‬‬

‫‪1-10~~..,~(,‬‬ ‫‪11 18 0~~~88(1()1‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬

‫‪0)111().11108,‬‬
‫~~(‪18 ..,~()1 ~111~1~01 (100 (1~~(0)(.1111(11~1)1111‬‬
‫‪10 118~ 0181111~0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪..1~11..~ 15-3 1,(~31 5111/(5. (~0~,(~$)1 0/‬‬

‫‪~(1~(111((1/(~//~/0‬‬ ‫)~‪~/1~//1~~,//1‬‬

‫‪516‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~881‬‬
‫‪50~~~8‬‬
‫)‪(08~(~8‬‬

‫(~‪~31‬‬ ‫‪10 11110111112~~0((05100‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪30111(~~2‬‬ ‫‪10 3~010 1(~~210~.‬‬ ‫‪01115‬‬ ‫‪113111111301~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪011 ~00110~, ~111~111113~ 0~ (~51(1~1~0 10 50111~ 3~~11~311005, ~(0~10~5 ~000 1051.1131100‬‬
‫‪300 ~111111031~5 111~ ~(001~1115 01 ~0((05100‬‬ ‫‪300 1(~~210~.‬‬ ‫‪1-1~31 ~1~~5 300 11~1.110-‬‬
‫‪~001~0 11~31 510~5 3(~ ~0111111~(~1311~3~311301~.‬‬ ‫‪1~0 ~31~(-~001~0‬‬ ‫~(‪3~ 5~11~11~5 3‬‬
‫‪5110~0 10 ~1~. 15-5.‬‬ ‫‪~0~~( ~00~~(1~(5 3(~ 3~311301~ 10 355~11101~ 1.1011535 5110~0 10‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~1~. 15-6.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪111~(111311111~~030‬‬ ‫(~~‪01 3 ~0‬‬ ‫~~‪0~~1‬‬ ‫~(~~ ‪15‬‬ ‫‪5111311, 300‬‬ ‫~‪35 3 (~51.111 111‬‬
‫‪11.10~1100‬‬ ‫~(‪1~111~~(311.1‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫~~‪0~~1‬‬ ‫‪~3(1~5‬‬ ‫~‪~1111111‬‬ ‫‪105130130~01.15‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1055.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪105130130~01.15‬‬ ‫‪11.10~1100‬‬ ‫~(‪1~111~~(311.1‬‬ ‫‪1111.151 31~3~5‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪1113101310~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪10‬‬ ‫‪11130‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫~‪3~~~~1301‬‬ ‫‪~311.1~.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪~101 01111‬‬ ‫~~‪1(3051~01111~(111311111~~030‬‬ ‫~~‪~~(51.15 5~1.13(~-~3‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪..)~11..~ 15-5 ~81~(-~001~0‬‬ ‫~‪8‬‬
‫)‪5~11~11~5. (~0~~(~5)1 0/ ~0)0/~~~~, //1~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪..1~11..~ 15-6‬‬ ‫~‪~55~11101‬‬ ‫‪(1/1115. (~0~~(~5)1‬‬

‫‪0/ ~0)0/~~~~,‬‬ ‫)‪//1~.‬‬

‫‪58~. 15-2‬‬ ‫‪517‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~1118~ 011(~6.011‬‬ ‫‪18 811~~11~0‬‬ ‫~~‪0~ 111~ 0~~1‬‬ ‫‪(11~11111~~111(~(8‬‬ ‫‪~8 ~ ~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪01 0~1‬‬ ‫‪811~~1 ~8‬‬
‫‪8110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪14-18.11.‬‬ ‫‪~(0(11‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~110~1~0‬‬ ‫‪01 ~11((~111‬‬ ‫‪~~~~10((11‬‬ ‫~ ‪111(011~11‬‬
‫‪0~~1~~,‬‬ ‫(~~‪~ ~101 01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪1088 ~~~11181 6.(11~ ~~11 0~ 0~1~((11111~0‬‬ ‫‪~110 111~11 111~ 1(~1181~111‬‬
‫~~‪1(11~~0~11‬‬ ‫‪~11~(~~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫~(‪~~11 0~ 118~0 10 ~~1~111~1~ 111~ 1~(11~~(~111‬‬ ‫‪~~(1~110118‬‬ ‫‪~1111‬‬
‫‪11(11~.‬‬ ‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫~‪~001111‬‬ ‫~‪(11~01‬‬ ‫‪1~118 111 ~(~~11~31‬‬ ‫‪8~81~(118,‬‬ ‫~(‪111~ 1~(11~~(3111‬‬ ‫~‪(18~ 01111‬‬
‫~(‪11~31 8111~8 3‬‬ ‫~‪110((11311‬‬ ‫‪8~~~0‬‬ ‫‪10 8~11~11‬‬ ‫~‪011111‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(8,‬‬ ‫~‪~8~~~1311‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬
‫(~~‪111~11 ~0‬‬ ‫‪3~~11~3110118.‬‬
‫~‪111~ 81~~ (~8~0118‬‬ ‫(~‪01311(810(0‬‬ ‫‪8~81~(11 ~311 0~ ~~~11~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~)(~(~88‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1(31181~111‬‬
‫‪111~((11311(11~~0311~~.‬‬ ‫‪11 20‬‬ ‫~‪18 111~ 81~30~-8131‬‬ ‫~‪11111~6.011 ~~8‬‬ ‫‪111~((11~1 1(11~~0311~~,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~‪111~ 11181~111311~0118 111~((1131 1(11~~0~11‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ ~)(~(~88~0‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬

‫)‪(15-2‬‬
‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫~‪7(11 18 111~ 111~(1113111(11‬‬ ‫~‪~011813111 01111‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~.‬‬ ‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1088 18 ~(/,‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~(‪11181~111~11~0118 11111~6.011 1~(11~~(~111‬‬ ‫~~‪(18~ ~00‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~~8‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫‪11‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)((‪~(/2‬‬ ‫)‪(15-3‬‬

‫(~~‪11111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪1088 18 ~1118~0 1~~~ 38 8110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪15-7,‬‬ ‫‪8~.‬‬ ‫)‪(15-3‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬
‫‪~~~11~0 10 ~101111~ 81~~ (~8~0118~8 01111~ 11111~6.0111~(11~~(3111(~, 11(().‬‬ ‫~‪11 (,, 18 111‬‬
‫~‪011(36.011 0111111~0~~( ~1118~, 111~~0((~8~0110111~ 111~((11~11(11~~0~11~~ 31111~ 0~~11111111‬‬
‫~(‪3110 ~110 0111111 ~1118~ 3‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪= 2(( = 0) = 0 31102,, = 2 (( = (,,), (~8~~~11~~1~.‬‬
‫‪111~ 111~((11~1 1(11~~0311~~ 2,,‬‬ ‫((‪= 2‬‬ ‫~‪= (,,) ~0((~8~0110111‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 011(311011 01 (,, ~311‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪1011110 1(0(11‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 1(31181~111 111~((1131 1(11~~0311‬‬ ‫‪~113(~~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫(‪(81(11113‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬
‫‪14-18.11).‬‬ ‫(~~‪11 ~1, ~2, ~3, . . . ~(~ 111~~0‬‬ ‫‪~1118~8~1111~2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~4‬‬ ‫~‪= . . . = 0, 111‬‬
‫~(‪11111~11011 1~(11~~(~111‬‬ ‫‪31 111~ ~110 01111111 ~1118~ ~~11 0~ ~)(~(~88~0‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪110‬‬ ‫~ ~‪+ ,,‬‬
‫‪1,3,..‬‬
‫‪111‬‬

‫)‪~,,(2,, - 2,,+1‬‬
‫)‪(15-4‬‬

‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪110 18 111~ 11116.3111111~6.011‬‬ ‫‪1~111~~(3111(~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪11~~36.‬‬ ‫‪81~118 01 22,‬‬ ‫‪24,‬‬ ‫‪. . .‬‬
‫~(‪81~1111~ 11131 111~ 11111~6.011 1~(11~~(3111‬‬ ‫‪13118 011(111~ 111~ 1111~(~~18‬‬ ‫‪(2, (4, (6,‬‬ ‫‪. . . .‬‬
‫~‪111~ 81~~ (~8~0118‬‬ ‫‪~011~~~1‬‬ ‫~(‪0111111~11011 1~(11~~(~111‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ ~)(1~110~0‬‬ ‫(~‪10 0111‬‬

‫)‪~(1‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪--‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~1‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫)‪.)(1‬‬
‫~~‪~~~~17~~~7~~/‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬

‫~‬ ‫~‬

‫~‬ ‫~‬

‫‪518‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪..1~0..‬‬ ‫‪15-8‬‬ ‫‪~()()(0)(1/113(1011‬‬ ‫(~~‪01 3 ()0‬‬
‫(‪()018~ 0~ (~((311~013‬‬ ‫‪()018~8.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~3.,,~10(1118.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~3.,,~10(111‬‬ ‫~~‪01 (11)1 8113‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ (~~(~8~111~0‬‬ ‫‪3~~(0)(111131~1)1‬‬
‫(‪0)1 (~~1311~013‬‬ ‫‪~018~8‬‬ ‫‪01 ~().031‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪011~().031‬‬ ‫‪00(311011,‬‬
‫‪~1111 111~ 3111~11100~ 01 ~3~11‬‬
‫~‪~018‬‬ ‫‪0~111~ ~().03110‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 3.,,~(3‬‬ ‫~‪3111~11100‬‬ ‫‪01111~ 3~1031 ~018~ 0.,,~( 111~ 83111~ ~~(100.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪3~~0(3~)1‬‬ ‫‪01 80~11 3~~(0)(11113110118‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬ ‫‪1111~(0.,,~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1111~(~38111‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫(~‪1101110‬‬
‫‪01 ~018~8‬‬ ‫~‪3110 (~00~111‬‬ ‫‪111~ 00(311011‬‬ ‫‪01 ~3~11 ~018~.‬‬ ‫‪1018‬‬ ‫‪18 8110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪15-8.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~(‪)011~11011 1~111~~(310‬‬ ‫~‪31 10~ ~110 01111111 ~018‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ 100110‬‬ ‫‪1(0111‬‬

‫)((‪11‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~10‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪21~1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪22(~2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪~1‬‬ ‫‪+ 23(~3 - ~2) + . . .‬‬ ‫)‪(15-5‬‬
‫‪,,,‬‬
‫~‬
‫)‪110 + ,,~ 1,2,.. 2,,(~,, - ~,,-1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~(~‪~0‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬

‫~‪~)(301))1‬‬
‫‪2,,‬‬
‫(‪1088 10‬‬
‫~~‪18 10~ 1111~~0311‬‬

‫‪15-1‬‬
‫~‪111~ 11111 ~018‬‬
‫~‪3110‬‬
‫‪3110 ~0‬‬
‫~‪~110 0111111 ~018‬‬
‫‪= 0.‬‬
‫‪0100(311011‬‬ ‫‪(,,‬‬ ‫‪0(.~,,‬‬ ‫~‪18 111‬‬

‫(~~‪111~ ()0‬‬ ‫‪1055 111 311 1~ (11~(15(0(, (~()~ 83013~,‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪15-9.‬‬ ‫(‪~10‬‬ ‫~‪(11‬‬
‫~(‪1115(311(311~005 )011~(1011 (~(11()~(3(0‬‬ ‫‪(15~ 300~~ (11~ ~35~.‬‬

‫‪8010.(100‬‬ ‫‪111‬‬ ‫‪= 800 ~,‬‬ ‫‪113 = 1200~,‬‬ ‫‪3110 115 = 600~.‬‬ ‫‪~0( (1 = (3 = (5 = 1 (115,‬‬
‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪14-18.11‬‬ ‫‪~1~~5‬‬

‫~‪2 (( = (1) = 21 = 23 = 25 = 0.03500‬‬

‫‪~0( (2 = (4 = (6 = 0.5 (115,~1~. 14-18.11 ~1~~5‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫(( ‪2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫~‪= 0.02500‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1200‬‬

‫‪800‬‬
‫‪600‬‬
‫‪...‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪-4‬‬ ‫‪+- .....-.-‬‬
‫‪0.5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪0.5‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪15-2‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫)‪~,..~(1‬‬

‫‪50 ----‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬

‫‪40‬‬

‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪..)~11..~15-10‬‬ ‫‪11111~1)011‬‬ ‫~‪1~111~~..3111..‬‬ ‫~‪..)5‬‬
‫)‪1(015‬‬
‫‪2.5‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4.5‬‬ ‫‪~0.. ~)(3111~)~ 15-1.‬‬

‫)‪~().1.1~11011 (15-4‬‬ ‫‪(~11 0~ ~~~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪01..~(0‬‬ ‫‪10 (~1(1.11~1~ 1/1~ )1.111(110111~()1~~..311.1..~ ..15~.‬‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫‪~7./ (/‬‬ ‫= )‪= 1 ()15‬‬ ‫= ‪= 1 ()15) - 1./0‬‬ ‫~‪= 0.035 )( 800 = 280‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1./‬‬ ‫‪(/‬‬ ‫‪21~1‬‬

‫~‪/11./ (/ = 1.5 ()15) = 28 - 22~1 = 28 - 0.025 )( 800 = 80‬‬

‫~‪/11./ (/ = 2.5 ()15) = 8 + 23~3 = 8 + 0.035 )( 1200 = 500‬‬

‫~‪/11./ (/ = 3 ()15) = 50 - 24~3 = 50 - 0.025 )( 1200 = 200‬‬

‫~‪/11./ (/ = 4 ()15) = 20 + 25~5 = 20 + 0.035 )( 600 = 410‬‬

‫~‪/11./ (/ = 4.5 ()15) = 41 - 26~5 = 41 - 0.025 )( 600 = 260‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫~~ ‪~0‬‬ ‫~~‪8111100~( 18 110(01(111)1 ~000~~1‬‬
‫~‪(/1)/(// ~111110 111~ 01(1)(1011101 (1110~(101‬‬
‫‪(1~(088‬‬
‫‪((11111~.‬‬
‫(‪(1 8~011~00~11~10‬‬
‫(~‪111~ 801100‬‬
‫~‪~~~1~~ 10 110111 111‬‬
‫~~‪~0111~ 0~ ~01(1(12‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬
‫‪1111~01(1(12~~.‬‬ ‫~~‪~ 10(~(1(~-~01(1(12‬‬ ‫‪8111100~(18‬‬ ‫‪81111(101~ ~11~0‬‬ ‫(‪(1111)1(1810‬‬ ‫(‪0(1((1081810‬‬
‫~~‪18 ~000~~1‬‬ ‫~~‪~1111 (10 (11111~(1((111~1 ~10‬‬ ‫‪(18 8110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪15-11(1.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪(~81810(,‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬
‫~(‪1101118 111~ 10~(1‬‬ ‫~‪(/1)/(//‬‬ ‫~~(‪(111~ ~1 1101118 111~ ~18~11(1‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫(‪~(1~3~110‬‬ ‫‪~11~0‬‬
‫~~‪111~ ~~~1‬‬ ‫‪18 111(11~~ 011.‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~~‪(~~~(8~-~013(12‬‬ ‫(~‪801100‬‬ ‫‪~111~111101118‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (~~~(8‬‬ ‫‪(/1)/(//‬‬ ‫‪18 8110~11‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪01‬‬

‫‪(0) ~91/9~59 ~018~~~90‬‬

‫~‪..)~..‬‬ ‫‪15-11‬‬ ‫‪8111100~..‬‬ ‫‪11~1~0..)(5.‬‬

‫‪520‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪15-110,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪~1‬‬ ‫~~(‪1111111$ 111~ 01$~11(1‬‬ ‫‪~11((~(11‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪~(1~(1~110(.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(‪~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫‪00~$‬‬
‫~~(‪(101 01$~11(1‬‬ ‫‪111(011~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~.,,1~~,‬‬ ‫~‪(~$11111(1‬‬ ‫‪1(1 (~011~~0‬‬ ‫‪10$$~$‬‬ ‫‪1(1 111~ 0~.,,1~~.‬‬
‫‪~11~(1‬‬ ‫‪(1 ~(11( 01111)1(1$10($‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ ~0(1(1~~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪1(11(1.,,~($‬‬ ‫‪~(1((111~1,‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ $(11100‬‬ ‫‪11111$1‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪~11~~11.,,‬‬ ‫(~‪1(1 ~1111‬‬ ‫‪01(~~110(1.‬‬ ‫‪~(1‬‬ ‫‪0(1~01(1(12~0‬‬ ‫(~‪$(11100‬‬ ‫‪1$ $110~(1‬‬ ‫‪1(1 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪15-11~.‬‬

‫~‪011‬‬ ‫~‪10 111~ (~.,,~($‬‬ ‫‪(~~0.,,~()111111~,‬‬ ‫‪(~~, (1(10 (~~0.,,~()1‬‬ ‫‪~11((~(11,‬‬ ‫‪1~,‬‬ ‫‪~(1~(~)11$‬‬ ‫‪$1((1~~~0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1(1 111~ ~1(~11111(1011~1(1(1~~$‬‬ ‫‪(1(10 (1$ (1 (~$11111((1(1$1~(11‬‬ ‫~~‪.,,011(1‬‬ ‫‪(1~~~(1($‬‬ ‫‪(1~(0$$‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0~.,,1~~.‬‬
‫‪1(1 (1001110(1‬‬ ‫(‪10 (/1)/(/‬‬ ‫‪~(01~~110(1,‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ $(11100‬‬ ‫~‪1111111$ 111~ ~~(1‬‬ ‫‪1((1(1$1~(11‬‬ ‫~~‪.,,011(1‬‬ ‫‪(1~(0$$‬‬
‫‪111~ 0~.,,1~~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~().111.,,(11~(11‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪(1 1)1~1~(11‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111‬‬ ‫‪(1(((1(1~~111~(11‬‬ ‫‪1$ $110~(1‬‬ ‫‪1(1‬‬
‫‪~1~. 15-12,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫(‪1(1111(11 ~(1~(1~110‬‬ ‫~~‪.,,011(1‬‬ ‫‪1$ 2~(0‬‬ ‫(‪(1(10 111~ 1(1011~10‬‬ ‫‪~(1((1~$‬‬ ‫‪(1(1 1(1111(11‬‬
‫‪~11((~(11‬‬ ‫‪011~.‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ .,,(1111~$ 01 $(11100‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪(1(~ $~1~~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪$0 111(11111‬‬ ‫‪~1(~11111$ $11~1111)1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪11(10~(0(1111~~0‬‬ ‫‪(1(10‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪15-13 $110~$ 111~ (~~0.,,~()1‬‬ ‫‪~11((~(11‬‬ ‫‪(1(10 1((1(1$1~(11‬‬ ‫‪.,,011(1~~.‬‬
‫‪~(111~(11‬‬ ‫~‪0(1111~1(1‬‬ ‫‪11$11(111)1 (~$1111$ 1(1 (1 1(1(~~ .,,(1111~ 011(1111(11‬‬ ‫~‪(~.,,~($‬‬ ‫‪.,,011(1~~,‬‬ ‫~~~‪~1‬‬
‫‪(1(10 1(1$11111~1~(11‬‬ ‫~‪0(1111~1(1‬‬ ‫‪~(111$~$‬‬ ‫~~(‪1(1‬‬ ‫‪0.,,~($11001‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪1((1(1$1~(11 .,,011(1~~.‬‬ ‫~‪1(1 111‬‬
‫~‪10110~1(1‬‬ ‫‪(1(1(11)1$1$, 111$ (1$$11111~0 111(11111~ (~~0.,,~()11$‬‬ ‫‪(10(11~1‬‬ ‫‪(1(10 111~ (~~0.,,~()1‬‬ ‫‪~11((~(11‬‬
‫‪1$ $1100~(11)1‬‬ ‫‪$~11~11~0‬‬ ‫‪10 2~(0.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(~‪$(11100‬‬ ‫‪~11((~(11‬‬ ‫‪1$ ~)(~(~$$~0‬‬ ‫‪(1$‬‬

‫‪(/1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪1,‬‬
‫‪(/( + ~1 +‬‬ ‫‪~.1‬‬ ‫)‪1 (/( + 1)~ (( = 0‬‬ ‫)‪(15-6‬‬

‫)‪(15 -7‬‬

‫‪2-3‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~11111(1111(11 ~0(101110(1$‬‬
‫~‪111(11 111~ 10(111 01111‬‬
‫‪1) = ~ 5 -‬‬

‫‪1(( = 0) = 1~ (1(10 1)~ (( = 0) = 0.‬‬

‫)‪$0111110(1 10( ~().. (15-6‬‬ ‫‪0~~~(10$‬‬
‫‪(/1‬‬
‫(‪1,-(/‬‬

‫‪~~ 11(1.,,~ $~~(11(1 5~~110(1‬‬

‫‪0(1 111~ .,,(1111~$ 01 ~1,~.‬‬

‫‪.,,1~0..~ 15-12‬‬ ‫~‪~().01~(11~111 ~1(~011 00(111‬‬

‫~(~~‪(~~0‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‬
‫‪~~ - - - -‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪58~. 15-4‬‬ ‫‪521‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(15-8‬‬

‫~‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(15-9‬‬
‫‪2/...,‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪011011111~~0 111110(1111(~()0~11~)115‬‬

‫)‪(15-10‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬ ‫~~~~~‪8‬‬ ‫)‪(15-11‬‬

‫‪11110 10~ 011111~~0‬‬ ‫‪111110(1111(~()0~11~)115‬‬

‫‪(0‬‬
‫~ =‬ ‫‪(06‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(00‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫)‪(15-12‬‬
‫‪0111~(~11111111118‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬ ‫)‪(15-8‬‬ ‫‪)11~105‬‬

‫‪(02‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪= (~5 -‬‬ ‫)‪~/8.‬‬ ‫~‪(2‬‬ ‫‪~05 (0( +‬‬ ‫(‪5111 (0()~-,,,‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~~‬

‫~‪111111111(~~~(5‬‬
‫~‪+‬‬
‫~‪~011118‬‬
‫‪/8.‬‬
‫) (‪(~05 (0( - ~ 5111(0‬‬
‫‪11110 (/7)/(/( ~1111 0~ 100110‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪~-,,,‬‬
‫(‬
‫=‬

‫‪1(0111 ~()5.‬‬ ‫)‪(15-8‬‬

‫)‪(15-13‬‬

‫)‪11110 (15-13‬‬ ‫‪0)1‬‬

‫(‬
‫‪5~111118‬‬ ‫‪= 0‬‬
‫(( )‪7‬‬
‫= )‪= 0‬‬ ‫‪~/8.‬‬ ‫)‪(15-14‬‬
‫)‪(/7‬‬
‫‪= ( ~5‬‬
‫‪_ ~/‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫‪/8.‬‬ ‫~)‪(~5 - ~/8.‬‬ ‫‪/8.‬‬
‫(‪(/‬‬ ‫‪(~0‬‬
‫= ~ ‪8. 2~ +‬‬ ‫‪/...,‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬

‫‪~5(00(23‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪4(/32‬‬ ‫)‪+ (/‬‬ ‫)‪(15-15‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪(/‬‬ ‫‪/8.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪/8.‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪~~ = /,,‬‬ ‫)‪(15-16‬‬

‫)‪1110~ 111111111(/7)/(/( 111 ~(). (15-15‬‬ ‫‪15 11~81111~~,‬‬ ‫~‪10~ 111111111111~~(5~ ~011118~ ~/8. 15 10‬‬
‫~~‪111(1)(1111011111110 1015 111(1)1~(000‬‬ ‫~~‪11 0~51(0~11‬‬ ‫‪(/7)/(/(.‬‬ ‫‪~0( ~05111~~ (/7)/(/(,‬‬
‫‪~5(00(23‬‬
‫‪- 4(/32‬‬ ‫(‪+ (/) ~ 0 0‬‬
‫‪1 + ~1 + 4(/2‬‬
‫~‪3‬‬ ‫)‪(15-17‬‬
‫‪4(/‬‬

‫‪522‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫(‬
‫~‪3110 111~ (~~~(8‬‬ ‫~‪~01138‬‬ ‫~~ ‪~111‬‬ ‫‪1113)(11111.111131‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(1.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~ ‪11111~ (1, ~111~11 ~311‬‬

‫‪0~13111~0‬‬ ‫‪~)1 8~111118 8~.‬‬ ‫)‪(15-13‬‬ ‫‪~~1.13110‬‬ ‫‪2~(0,‬‬ ‫‪18 ~01.1110 38‬‬

‫‪(0(115 -‬‬ ‫~‪~1~)2‬‬ ‫)~‪+ 1~/‬‬

‫‪1311 (0(1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(115‬‬
‫_‬ ‫‪~1~)((02‬‬
‫_‬ ‫)‪~2‬‬
‫~‪_ ~1~/‬‬ ‫)‪(15-18‬‬

‫~‪3110 111~ ~~3‬‬ ‫~‪~01138‬‬ ‫‪~311 ~~ ~01.1110 ~(0111 8~.‬‬ ‫~)‪(15-8‬‬

‫‪11/1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫(( ‪11‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫)‪(15-19‬‬

‫~‪111~ ~~3‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(8‬‬ ‫~‪~01138‬‬ ‫‪0~~~1108‬‬ ‫‪011111~ 03111~1118 (3110,0,‬‬ ‫‪3110 111~ ~1.1((~111 ~3~10(,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪3 81~~11 ~311.1~ 0~ 0, 111~(~ 18 311 0~111111.1111~311.1~ 0~ 03111~1118 (3110, 00, ~111~11‬‬
‫‪~111111111111112~ 111~ ~~3~ ~01138~.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 011/ 0( ~3(1~8 ~1111 0 3110 1111111111121118‬‬
‫~‪111~ ~~3‬‬ ‫~‪~01138‬‬ ‫‪1113)11101111111111112~ 111~ 011/0(.‬‬ ‫‪1118 11~~~883()110‬‬ ‫~‪1113~~ 3 ~0111~(011118‬‬
‫‪~~1~~~11 111~ ~~3~ ~01138~, 11/1, 3110 011/0(.‬‬ ‫‪~~~1.1((3)1‬‬ ‫‪(1) ~(0~08~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 111111111112‬‬
‫‪111~ ~(001.1~1 11/1(011/0() 3110 111~ 0~111111.1111‬‬
‫‪0~81811 ~1.1(~~8 3(~ 8110~11 111 ~18. 15-14,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪10‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪~/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪/~.‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪./‬‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪,,.-‬‬
‫‪,,.-‬‬
‫‪(~)0 .)/‬‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪,,.-‬‬
‫‪,,.-/‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪,,.-‬‬
‫‪./‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪.............‬‬
‫‪~~-‬‬
‫~‪~..........‬‬

‫‪...-‬‬
‫‪,,.-‬‬
‫‪,,.-‬‬ ‫‪(~..,/~1)0‬‬
‫‪1,/.(00‬‬

‫‪0.6‬‬ ‫‪---‬‬ ‫‪~~........‬‬

‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪~............00‬‬

‫‪0.2‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~~--........‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪............‬‬
‫‪.........‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪~-‬‬
‫‪0.1‬‬ ‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪0.6‬‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫~‪1,,~.~8.‬‬
‫‪~()~~6,,.18.~0~. ~0‬‬

‫~~‪..-1~11..~15-14 011.1/1111/115111100‬‬ ‫‪1111(11/11~.~(5‬‬

‫‪~0( ~0/1111(0/1115~0~51~11. (~~11(0011~~0‬‬
‫‪~(0/11 ,,,,,. ~~~11((11~. ..01111/1111/11‬‬ ‫‪5111100~(5~0( 110~~( 5~/111~011011~10(5,,.1~~~ 7,(//15-‬‬
‫‪(/~(/0/15 0/11/111/1.5(,~.4/1/1//~(/(/0/15. ~01. 1~8. ~0. 5, 1972, 1111.503-510.101~. 7. (91972‬‬
‫)~~~‪0~ 1‬‬

‫‪58~. 15-4‬‬ ‫‪523‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~‪~11~(~ (/1)/(/( 15 111~ 3~~(3‬‬ ‫‪~3111~ 0~~( 11111~(1 300 (/015 111~0~1111111111‬‬
‫‪~3111~ 01 ~11((~01‬‬
‫‪13~10( .‬‬
‫‪111~ ~0~(~)1 510(~0 10 111~ 10011~10(, 1.,, ~111~11 15 1(3051~((~0‬‬ ‫(~‪10 111~ 501100‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~3~3~110(,‬‬ ‫‪~, 15 01551~31~0 (110511)1 10 111~ 501100~( (~51510(.‬‬ ‫(~~‪11115 ~0‬‬ ‫‪1055 15‬‬
‫‪0~~~00~01‬‬ ‫‪00 111~ 5~11~1110~ 1(~~11~0~)1 300 1030 ~11((~01.‬‬ ‫‪~0( 111~11-~0~~( ~00-‬‬
‫‪~~(1~(5, ~11~(~ 111~ 501100~( 1055 15 51~0111~301, 3 00001551~311~~ 501100~( ~111~11115~5‬‬
‫‪30 ~0~(~)1 (~~0~~()1 1(30510(111~( 35 5110~0 10 ~1~. 15-15 ~30 1111~(0~~ 111~ ~1(~1111‬‬
‫‪~111~1~0~)1. ~11~0 111~ ~(11113()1 ~11((~01 (15~5, 111~ 10011~~0 ~0113~~ ~2 15 ~05111~~ 300‬‬
‫‪0100~ 1)1 15 (~~~(5~ 0135~0.‬‬ ‫~‪11111~ (~~0~~()1 ~11((~01 01 0100~ 1),,, 513(15 10 1311, 111‬‬
‫‪10011~~0 ~0113~~ ~2 0~~0111~5 0~~311~~ 300 0100~ 1)1 ~00011~15, (~111(010~ ~0~(~)110‬‬
‫‪111~ 0~ 511~~1)1.‬‬

‫‪~~3111()1~ 15-2‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~(~~‪111~ (~~0‬‬ ‫~‪~11((~111 01 3 0100‬‬
‫‪111011~1311~~ 18 1. = 50 ~11.‬‬

‫(‪0~1111111111~3111~ 01 ~11((~111 13~10‬‬

‫‪~3~3~11311~~,‬‬
‫‪~0113~~.‬‬
‫)‪~~ (0‬‬
‫‪38 8110~11111 ~1~. 15-1218/8.‬‬
‫‪111~ 111~111~0113~~ 18 ~$ = 220~.‬‬

‫)‪(10~ (0‬‬
‫~~‪8111100~( (~8181311~~, ~~ (~) 3~~(3‬‬
‫‪111118 11~~~883(~ 10‬‬
‫)‪1/11111111~ ~~3/( 1(31181~111 ~0113~~ 10 1.5 11111~8 111~ 111~111~0113~~, 0~1~(111111~ 111~ (3‬‬
‫‪0~111111111103111~111~ 13~10(,‬‬
‫‪= 20.4. 3110 111~~1(~1111‬‬

‫(~‪00~ (~) 8111100‬‬

‫~‪0.1)/0.1~ 3110 (1) 11111131(~~~(8‬‬

‫‪80101100 /8. = 20.4.,1. = 50 ~11, ~$ = 220 ~, 3110~~ = 1.5 )( 220 = 330~.‬‬

‫~‪~~/~$ = 1.5, ~1~. 15-14 ~1~~8‬‬
‫)‪(3‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪0~1111111111 ~11((~11113~10(,‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪0.75.‬‬
‫=‬
‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪0~1111111111 03111~111‬‬ ‫‪13~10(,‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪0.4.‬‬
‫‪(~) ~(0111 ~().‬‬ ‫‪(15-16),‬‬ ‫‪111~ 8111100~( ~3~3~11311~~ (~1111 0.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪0.0) 18‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪~ = 1.‬‬ ‫) ~(‬

‫‪0.~$‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪(15-20‬‬

‫(‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫)‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫=‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪0.75)( 220‬‬ ‫~~ ‪= 0.735‬‬

‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫‪~(0111‬‬ ‫‪~().‬‬ ‫‪(15-11),‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ 8111100‬‬ ‫~~‪(~8181311‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫‪~ = 20‬‬
‫~‬ ‫)‪(15-21‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪/~0.735 = 6.6 0‬‬
‫‪524‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪(~) ~~0111~~. (15-10),‬‬
‫‪106‬‬
‫= ‪(00‬‬ ‫‪164,957 ~(10/8‬‬
‫‪~50‬‬ ‫()‬
‫= ‪0.735‬‬
‫‪~~0111 ~1~. 15-14,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(/1‬‬
‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪220‬‬ ‫‪164,957 = 31.9 ~/,.,..8‬‬
‫(‪(/‬‬ ‫‪= 0.88~5(00= 0.88‬‬
‫‪(1) ~~0111 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪(15-14),‬‬ ‫‪10.~ 1016(11 ~~~~~8~ ~011(1~~ 18‬‬

‫‪= 0) = 6.6‬‬
‫()‬
‫(( )‪1‬‬ ‫~ ‪20 = 132‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~()(‪~~301‬‬ ‫‪15-3‬‬

‫‪~0‬‬ ‫~~‪~~-801.100‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1.111(18 80.0~010‬‬ ‫‪~1~. 15-11~ 0.(18 ~ = 0.75 ,.,..~, ~ = 6.60,‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬
‫‪10~1.11 ~011(1~~, ~5 = 220~.‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ ~1~~1.1111001.1~1(10~~ 18 1- = 50 ,.,..1-1. 0~1~~11110~ 10.‬‬
‫‪((1) ~~(1/( 10~~(1~0 ~011(1~~, ~,,~ (0) 10111(11(/1)/(/(~ (100 (~) 111(1)(11111.1111‬‬
‫‪(/1)/(/(.‬‬

‫‪80(01100‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪= 6.6 0, ~ = 0.75 ,.,..~, 1- = 50,.,..1-1, (100 ~5 = 220~.‬‬ ‫= ‪13)18~160~ 18.‬‬
‫‪0, 10.~ 10~(1~0‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~ (1~~088 10.~ 0~~1~~ ~(10 0~ 0~1~~11110~0 1~0111 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪(15-8),‬‬

‫)(()‪1‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫(~‪(0()~-‬‬ ‫)‪(15-22‬‬

‫=‬ ‫‪~5 -‬‬ ‫‪~5( ~08‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪810‬‬
‫~‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~~0111 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪(15-13),‬‬

‫(‬
‫)‪(15-23‬‬

‫‪10.~ 1016(11 (/1)/(/( ~(10 0~ 101.100 ~110.~~ 1~0111 ~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(15-23‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 8~1110‬‬ ‫‪= 0,‬‬ ‫‪0~ 1~0111~~.‬‬
‫‪(15-15) 0)1 8~160~ 18.‬‬ ‫‪= 0‬‬

‫)‪(15-24‬‬

‫(‬ ‫‪10.~ 6111~ (1, ~0.1~0. ~(10 0~ 001(110~0‬‬

‫‪10.~ 10~~(1~0‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~ ~111 0~ 111(1)(11111.1111‬‬
‫‪(11‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(1.‬‬

‫~‪~110.~~ 0)1 8~160‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(15-23‬‬ ‫‪~~1.1(1110 2~~0,‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 0)1 8~160‬‬ ‫= ‪18.‬‬ ‫‪0 10 ~~.‬‬ ‫‪(15-18),‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪101.100 (18‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪2~(0‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1(10 (0(1‬‬ ‫_‬ ‫)‪(15-25‬‬

‫‪(02‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬

‫_ ‪(02‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪~08 (0(1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(15-26‬‬
‫‪(02‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬

‫‪2~(0‬‬
‫‪810 (0(1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪(02‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬
‫)‪(15-27‬‬

‫‪58~. 15-4‬‬ ‫‪525‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(15-28‬‬

‫~‪-28‬‬
‫)‪(15-29‬‬
‫‪1 - 282‬‬
‫)‪0111~~~111131111~ 8~. (15-23‬‬ ‫‪~101 ~~8~~~110‬‬ ‫‪(, 3110 8~11111~ ~~113110‬‬ ‫‪2~~0,‬‬ ‫~‪(/1)/(/( ~111 0‬‬
‫‪31 ( = (,,,~0.~11‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1113)(111111111‬‬

‫~‪0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪(15-30‬‬

‫~‪51108111111111‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ ~3111‬‬ ‫‪01 (,,, 111 8~.‬‬ ‫)‪(15-23‬‬ ‫~‪3110 81111~111~111~ 10.~ 8111~, 3110 ~08111‬‬ ‫‪1~~1118‬‬
‫‪~1~10‬‬ ‫~‪10.~ 1113)(111111111~3111‬‬ ‫‪01 (/1)/(/(,‬‬

‫)‪(15-31‬‬

‫(‪~0~ (1113)(11111111110 0~~11~, (/((/1)/(/()/(/‬‬ ‫‪11111810~ ~08111~~ 11 ( ~ (,,, 3110 8~.‬‬ ‫)‪(15-30‬‬ ‫‪~1~~8‬‬
‫‪10.~ 11~~~883~~ ~0110111011 38‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫)‪8~11311011 (15-31‬‬
‫( ‪~0.~11‬‬
‫‪18 ~3110 10~ 8 ~ 0.5.‬‬
‫‪= 0 18 0013111~0 1~01118~. (15-23),‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬

‫‪~0~ 8 ~ 0.5,‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪8 ~ 0.5‬‬

‫‪(/1)/(/( ~0.1~0. 0~~0111~8 1113)(111111111‬‬

‫)‪(/1‬‬ ‫)‪(/1‬‬ ‫~‪115‬‬

‫(‪(/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫(‪(/‬‬
‫~‬

‫=‬ ‫= ~‪112‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪10~ 8 ~ 0.5‬‬ ‫)‪(15-32‬‬
‫‪1.,‬‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪/11..‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪(~0‬‬

‫‪(3) ~~0111 8~.‬‬ ‫‪(15-9),‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫()‬ ‫)‪)( 10-6‬‬

‫‪= 6.6/(2‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪= 66,000‬‬ ‫‪3110 1~01118~.‬‬
‫‪(15-10),‬‬

‫‪())0‬‬
‫‪106‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪~50‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪0.75 = 163,299 ~30/8‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪~~01118~. (15-11),8‬‬ ‫~ )‪= (6.6/2‬‬ ‫‪= 0.404, 31101~0111~~. (15-12),‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫))(‬
‫‪= 163,299 ~1 - 0.4042 = 149,367 ~30/8‬‬
‫‪~~0111 8~.‬‬ ‫‪(15-29),‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪= 15.46 , 8~ 10.~~~10~~,8~. (15-28) ~1~10810.~ ~~3)( ~0113~~,‬‬
‫‪11,, = 220(1 + 0.36) = 299.3 ~.‬‬
‫)‪(0) 8~11311011 (15-24‬‬ ‫)‪~1~~8 10.~ 11111131(/1)/(/( 01 (220 )( 6.6/50‬‬
‫‪= 29 ~/, 8.‬‬
‫‪(~) 5111~~ 8 ~ 0.5,‬‬ ‫‪8~.‬‬ ‫‪(15-31) 80.01110 0~ 118~0 10 ~31~11131~ 10.~ 1113)(111111111‬‬
‫‪(/1)/(/(.‬‬
‫‪~~01118~. (15-30), (,,, = 2.16,‬‬ ‫‪8 3110 8~.‬‬ ‫)‪(15-31‬‬ ‫‪(/1)/(/( 38 31.2‬‬
‫‪~1~108 111~ 1113)(111111111‬‬
‫‪~/,‬‬ ‫‪8.‬‬

‫‪526‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‬ ‫‪1..30510..111~..‬‬ ‫‪15 00..111311)1 ~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 111~ 10~1.11 510~ 01111‬‬ ‫‪~00..,~..1~..5.‬‬ ‫‪000~..‬‬
‫~‪51~30)1-5131‬‬ ‫‪~00011100,‬‬ ‫‪~0~..~)1‬‬ ‫‪15 510..~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 111~ 1113~0~11210‬‬ ‫‪1001.1~130~~,‬‬ ‫‪1.,,,,,‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1..30510..111~..,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪5~11~1110‬‬ ‫~‪011111‬‬ ‫‪51.1~~1)1 ~..001.1~~5‬‬ ‫‪3 1..3051~01‬‬ ‫~~‪..,0113‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 10~1.11‬‬
‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪~00..,~..1~...‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~3~3~110..‬‬ ‫‪1113)1 0~ ~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪3~..055‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~..11113..)1 0.. 5~~0003..)1‬‬
‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪1..30510..111~..‬‬ ‫‪10 1111111111~ 1..3051~01‬‬ ‫~~‪..,0113‬‬ ‫‪35 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪15-163,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫~~‪~..3~11‬‬ ‫~~‪3 ..~515130‬‬ ‫‪15 3150‬‬ ‫‪~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10 5~..1~5‬‬ ‫‪~1111 111~ ~3~3~110..‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫~‪1111111 111‬‬
‫‪1..3051~01‬‬ ‫‪..,0113~~.‬‬
‫‪000~..‬‬ ‫~‪51~30)1-5131‬‬ ‫‪~000111005,‬‬ ‫= ‪1)5‬‬ ‫‪11,,, 510 ())( 300‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 1113~0~11210‬‬ ‫‪~1.1 ~01‬‬
‫‪15 ~1..,~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1‬‬

‫‪0,/‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪1 ,,,‬‬ ‫())( ‪...,,, 510‬‬
‫‪17‬‬
‫= (‪0,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫())( ‪11111~ 5~11~11 15 11.1..0~0 011 31‬‬
‫‪5~11~11-01115‬‬
‫= ‪/(0‬‬

‫‪= 8,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~3~3~110..‬‬ ‫~‪..,0113~~ 31 111~ 0~~10010‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬

‫)‪(15-33‬‬

‫)‪(15-34‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~()1.11~31~01‬‬ ‫‪~1..~1.111 01.1..10~ 111~ 1..3051~01‬‬ ‫‪~00011100‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪15-160‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪111~ ~3~3~110..‬‬ ‫‪~1.1 ~01 15 ~)(~..~$5~0‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫)‪(15-35‬‬

‫)‪(15-36‬‬

‫‪56~. 15-5‬‬ ‫‪527‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~11111011131 ~000111008‬‬ ‫~~‪1- (( = 0) = -10 300 1)~(( = 0) = 110. 111~ 1(3081~01 ~0113‬‬
‫‪1)0(0 ~30 0~ 0~1~(11110~0 ~(0111 ~()8. (15-35) 300 (15-36), ~0( 1100~(03111~~0 ~000111008.‬‬
‫‪~ 03111~10~ (3110 0~ 3 = 0.518 00(111311)183118~3~10()1.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 30(1)1818 ~30 0~ 81111~11~1~0‬‬
‫‪0)13881111110~811131103111~10~1~0010~ 10 2~(0, 1.~., /) = 0, (0(, ~ = 0).‬‬ ‫‪~(). (3-20),‬‬
‫‪~111~1118 81111113(10 ~(). (15-35),‬‬ ‫‪~30 0~ 3~~11~0 10 0~1~(11110~ 111~ 1(3081~01 ~0113~~,‬‬
‫‪..0(().‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1(3081~01 ~0113~~, ..0(0 18 111~ 83111~ 38 111~ ~3~3~110( ~0113~~, ..~(().‬‬

‫)‪.,(/‬‬ ‫)‪~ .0(/‬‬ ‫‪~ 110008.,,,,/‬‬ ‫‪+ /,‬‬

‫)‬ ‫‪/.~ 81~ .,,,,/‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(15-37‬‬
‫‪1/2‬‬

‫(‬ ‫‪115+ 15 1-‬‬

‫)~‬ ‫)~ ‪810 ((00( +‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪11,,, (81026‬‬ ‫‪+ (02~,,,~~0826)1/2‬‬ ‫)~‪810 ((00( +‬‬

‫‪(02‬‬ ‫‪1/2‬‬
‫‪(05‬‬
‫‪11,,, (1 +‬‬ ‫)‪~082 6‬‬ ‫)~ ‪810 ((00( +‬‬ ‫)‪(15-38‬‬
‫‪~2‬‬

‫)‪(15-39‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪1~ (00‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪(0, 111~ 1(3081~01‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬
‫‪(00‬‬

‫‪10 ~().‬‬
‫‪=-‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪~1-,,,‬‬
‫)‪(15-38‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 ~111 0~ 1113)(111111111‬‬
‫‪~11~0‬‬
‫)‪(15-40‬‬

‫‪~08‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪= 0‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫‪6 = 900) 18‬‬

‫‪11/1= 11,,,‬‬ ‫)‪(15-41‬‬

‫‪10 ~(3~11~~, (00 / (0 300 111~ 1(3081~01 ~01138~, ~111~11 ~111 0~ 1113)(111111111‬‬
‫‪~11~0 ~08 6‬‬
‫‪= 1 (0( 6 = 00), 18‬‬

‫)‪(15-42‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪0810‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫~‪(~1311008111‬‬ ‫‪10 3 ~3~3~110(,‬‬ ‫‪111~ (~()111(~0‬‬ ‫~‪311101101 0‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~~‪~3~3~1130‬‬ ‫‪10 1111111111~ 1(3081~01‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ 0~1~(11110~0‬‬ ‫‪~(0111‬‬

‫~=~‬ ‫)‪(15-43‬‬
‫‪11/1(00‬‬
‫~‪5110811111110‬‬
‫‪~(). (15-42) 10 ~(). (15-43) ~1~~8118‬‬
‫‪1011,,,‬‬
‫= ~‬ ‫)‪(15-44‬‬
‫‪11~(0‬‬

‫‪528‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪7,,‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪51‬‬
‫‪~.~1‬‬
‫‪~$‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬

‫‪8‬‬
‫)‬
‫‪-0‬‬ ‫)‪-‬‬
‫‪~1~11..~ 15-17‬‬ ‫‪~()111.,,~1~/1( ~1(~111( 011(-‬‬ ‫‪~1~11..~ 15-18‬‬ ‫(‪~()111.,,~1~/1( ~1(~111‬‬
‫~‪1/1~ 5~1(~/11/1‬‬ ‫‪0/1 (/1~ 511~~1~.‬‬ ‫‪011~ (0 10~0 015~0/1/1~~(10/1.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~1111‬‬ ‫(‪111~ ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪3~(088‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ 1(311810(111‬‬ ‫‪8~~01103(~,‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪1113)(1111~111111813111311~0~8‬‬ ‫(‪~3~3~110‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪~1110~~~110‬‬ ‫‪011111~ 111813111311~0~8‬‬ ‫‪3~ 111~~1‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪31 111~ 111813111 01 8~11~11111~ 011 111~ 111~~1 ~0113~~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~((~1~31~111‬‬ ‫‪~1(~~11‬‬
‫~‪0~(111‬‬ ‫‪8~11~11-01118‬‬ ‫‪8110~11111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪15-17,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪1.18 111~ ~((~1~31~111‬‬
‫~‪8~~~1‬‬ ‫~~‪1110~~1311‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~1~5‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 1~3~3‬‬ ‫~~‪1110~~1311‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪1(311810(111~(.‬‬
‫(~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪110(11131 0~~(311011,‬‬ ‫~~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪15 510(~0‬‬ ‫~‪111 111~ 5~~~1‬‬ ‫~~‪1110~~1311‬‬ ‫~‪3110 111‬‬
‫~~‪1~3~3‬‬ ‫~~‪1110~~1311‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪1(311510(111~(.‬‬ ‫‪~11~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪15 015~01111~~1~0,‬‬ ‫‪1(31151~111‬‬
‫‪~0113~~5‬‬ ‫‪3(~ ~(00~~~0‬‬ ‫~~‪0‬‬ ‫~~(~‪10 111~ ~11‬‬ ‫‪510(~0‬‬ ‫‪111 111~ 1110~~1311~~5.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~((~1~31~111‬‬
‫‪~1(~~11‬‬ ‫~~‪0‬‬ ‫‪10 1030‬‬ ‫‪015~01111~~11011‬‬ ‫‪18 5110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪15-18.‬‬

‫~)))‪~)(301‬‬ ‫‪15-4‬‬

‫~‬ ‫(‪~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪15 ~0/1/1~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪3~(055‬‬ ‫~(‪01~ 8~~01103‬‬ ‫(~‪01 311 111~1111(3/1810(111‬‬ ‫‪38 8110~11 111‬‬
‫‪~1~. 15-163,‬‬ ‫‪~11112~(0‬‬ ‫‪03111~111~ (~8181311~~.‬‬ ‫~(‪111~ 8~~01103‬‬ ‫‪..,,0113~~ 18 11.‬‬
‫‪= 120~,‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬
‫‪1-12.‬‬ ‫‪11111~ 1113~11~62111~ 111011~1311~~ (~1~((~0‬‬ ‫~(‪10 111~ 8~~01103‬‬ ‫‪18 1.,,.‬‬
‫~‪= 2 1111-13110 111‬‬
‫‪111~111811~~1~ 10 111~ 1(311810(111~( ~(11113(~ 18 018~01111~~1~0 31 311 311~1~ 01 9 = 1800 01‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~‪111~ 111~1113~ ..,,0113~~, 0~1~(111111~ 111~ (3) 1111631 ~3~3~110( ..,,3111~, 110~ (0) 1113~11~62111‬‬
‫‪~11((~111, 10~ 3110 (~) ~3~3~110( ..,,3111~10 1111111111~ 1113)(111111111‬‬
‫‪10 11,, = 300~.‬‬

‫‪80)01100‬‬ ‫‪11. = 120~,‬‬

‫‪1111-1,3110 00 = 270‬‬ ‫()‬
‫= ‪11,,.‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪60 = 377 (30/8.‬‬
‫()‬
‫~~‪1(31181~111 ~3~3~110( ..,,0113‬‬

‫‪120 = 169.7~,‬‬ ‫=‪9 = 1800,1‬‬ ‫‪601-12, 1.,,. = 2‬‬

‫‪(3) ~(0111~~. (15-33), 110= 169.781119 = 0.‬‬

‫‪(0) ~(0111~~. (15-34),‬‬

‫‪11,,.‬‬ ‫‪169.7‬‬
‫‪10 = -‬‬ ‫= ‪~08 9‬‬ ‫()‬
‫‪001.,,.‬‬ ‫‪0.002‬‬ ‫~ ‪377 = 225‬‬
‫‪(~) 11,, = 300~.‬‬ ‫‪~(0111 ~~. (15-44),‬‬ ‫‪111~(~~111(~0 ~3~3~11311~~ 18‬‬

‫‪(7‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪169.7‬‬

‫‪= 225‬‬ ‫~‪3002 )( 377 = 1125.3 /1.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~)(~~~‪15-6 ~01.,..~6~ ~~0,..~~,..~0~ 8~ 5~1.‬‬ ‫‪0~00~5‬‬ ‫‪~~0‬‬

‫‪~~,.. ~1.-0)(~0~ ~ ~~~5,..0~5‬‬

‫‪111~ 5~1~01~111 0100~5 1113~ 0~ ~5~0 10( ~(01~~11011 3~31051 1(3051~01 0~~~0113~~5.‬‬
‫‪111~5~ 0100~5113~~ 10~ 10(~3(0 ~0113~~ 0~1 ~~11-0~1111~0 (~~~(5~ 0(~3~00~11‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~113(3~1~(1511~5 01 5~1~111~1110100~5 3(~ 5110~11 111 ~1~. 15-19.‬‬ ‫~‪~0(111311~, 111‬‬

‫‪5~~. 15-6‬‬ ‫‪529‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪8~8./11()~,,9‬‬
‫‪~0~.8.98.‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬
‫~‬

‫‪.,,1~11..~ 15-19‬‬ ‫‪~118.(8.(.~(15/1(5‬‬ ‫‪01 5~)~11-‬‬

‫~‪(0) 8~/1100‬‬ ‫‪11.1/110100~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪0~~(3110‬‬ ‫‪~0101‬‬ ‫~(‪11~5 0~10‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫~‪01 111~ ~113(3~1~(1511‬‬ ‫~~(‪~11‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪0(3~5‬‬ ‫‪~~()1‬‬
‫‪5111311 ~11((~011(0111‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~1(~1111.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫~~‪30 0~~(~0113‬‬ ‫‪3~~~3(5,‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~0‬‬
‫‪~0101‬‬ ‫‪15 ~(055~0‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~‪111~ (~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫~‪110‬‬ ‫‪111(011~11 111~ 5~1~0111111 10~(~35~5‬‬ ‫‪5110-‬‬
‫‪0~01)1,‬‬ ‫~‪111~(~0)11)1~1~311)1111111110‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1(3051~01‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫~~‪10 1~1‬‬ ‫‪111~ 00(11131‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪111~ 5~1~0111111 0100‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬ ‫)(~‪511~~(~55‬‬ ‫~‪1111151 0~ ~3~301‬‬ ‫~‪01 01551~3110‬‬ ‫~~(‪111~ 511‬‬
‫‪~0~(~)1‬‬ ‫~‪~11110111110011‬‬ ‫~(‪1~111~~(3111‬‬ ‫‪(15~.‬‬ ‫‪~3~11‬‬ ‫~‪~~11 01 3 5~1~0111111 0100‬‬ ‫‪15 00(111311)1‬‬
‫‪(31~0‬‬ ‫~~‪31 3 (1115 ~0113‬‬ ‫‪01 25‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫~‪~1111 3 ~13111~10‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪011)1~1~311)1‬‬ ‫‪72‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬
‫‪~(01~~1100‬‬ ‫‪01 0~ ~1(~1111, 111~ 511~~(~5100‬‬ ‫‪~1(~111115 ~013(12~0‬‬ ‫‪35 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪15-203.‬‬
‫‪10 3~ ~1(~11115 35 10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪15-200,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 511~~(~55~(5‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪000~013(12~0,‬‬ ‫‪50 11131111~)1 ~30‬‬
‫‪1111111 0~~(~0113~~5‬‬ ‫‪10 00111‬‬ ‫‪01(~~11005.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪111(~~-~1135‬‬ ‫‪~1(~11115,‬‬ ‫‪~)1~-~000~~1~0-‬‬
‫‪~013(12~0‬‬ ‫‪511~~(~55~(5‬‬ ‫‪35 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪15-20‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ 115~0.‬‬
‫‪11 3 0~ ~1(~1111 01 240 ~ 15 10 0~ ~(01~~1~0 ~1111 25- ~ 5~1~0111111~~115, 111~0‬‬
‫‪240/25‬‬ ‫‪= 10 ~~115 ~01110 0~ (~()111(~0 300 111~ 10131 ~13111~10~ ~0113~~ ~01110 0~ 10‬‬
‫()‬
‫‪72 = 720~.‬‬ ‫~‪10 ~(01~~1 3 510~1~-~1135~ 3~ ~1(~111101208 ~, 60 1-12, ~1111 25-‬‬
‫‪5~1~0111111 ~~115, 208/25‬‬
‫()‬
‫ﺔ‬‫‪9‬‬
‫‪101~(031‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪18 ~~115 ~01110‬‬

‫‪35 ~0111~3(~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~~11-0~110~0‬‬
‫‪= 9 ~~115 ~01110 0~ (~()111(~0 10 ~3~11 01(~~1100‬‬

‫‪~3~3~1130~~,‬‬
‫‪0~ 0~~~553()1‬‬ ‫‪10( 000~013(12~0‬‬

‫(~‪10 111~ ~~-501100‬‬

‫‪1113~011110~5.‬‬
‫‪511~~(~55100.‬‬
‫‪111~ 5~1~0111111 0100~5‬‬
‫‪~1(~11115.‬‬
‫~‪10 ~(01~~110‬‬
‫‪00‬‬ ‫~‪0011111111111‬‬
‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬
‫‪3 0~~1~~,‬‬
‫‪300 10131 01 2‬‬
‫~‪011~ 10 10‬‬
‫‪0.1)/0.( 10 111~ 53111~ ~)(1~01‬‬
‫‪111~)11111111111~ 1(3051~01‬‬
‫‪111~ (~11301111)1 0130‬‬ ‫~~‬
‫‪~0113~~5‬‬
‫‪~1(~1111‬‬
‫(~‪15 0~11‬‬ ‫‪11130 11131 01 5~1~0111111 0100~5.‬‬
‫‪~3(1510(5‬‬ ‫(‪3(~ 000110~3‬‬ ‫~~‪~3(1301~-1111~~030‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5,‬‬ ‫~‪~00515110‬‬ ‫~‪01111~131-0~10‬‬
‫‪~3(11~1~5,‬‬ ‫‪5~~3(31~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 30‬‬ ‫~‪0)(10‬‬ ‫(‪111111 0‬‬ ‫‪10511131100.‬‬ ‫‪~5 111~ 3~~11~0‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫‪10~(~35~0,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111111 0~~0111~5‬‬ ‫~~‪~00011~11‬‬ ‫‪300 111~ ~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪110~ 15 10~(~35~0.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪15 ~)(~(~55~0‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫)‪(15-45‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪8.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪(~) ~0~8.~~280 .~~88-()~8.58‬‬

‫‪()~0.8~.~0,,‬‬

‫‪530‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪/( 15 (1 ~0051(101‬‬ ‫‪(100 1115 111~ (1~~11~0‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(110~ 0~ ~ ~(1(1~5 0~1~~~0‬‬
‫‪30 (100 40.‬‬

‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪~00~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫~‪(0(1)1 0~~~10‬‬ ‫‪5110(1 ~1(~0115‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪~(10115 (100 111~ (~5011(101 ~(1011‬‬
‫‪~0((~015‬‬ ‫‪(0051‬‬ ‫‪0~ ~1~(1(~0‬‬ ‫‪~01~~1)1.‬‬ ‫~‪~(151-(1~110‬‬ ‫‪~05~5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 00((0(111)1 05~0 10 ~(01~~1‬‬

‫(‪111~ 5~(01~0000~10‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5.‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(1011 ~0((~01‬‬ ‫‪10~(~(15~5,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~05‬‬ ‫‪0~~05‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~1~(1(5 111~ ~(1011 ~0((~01‬‬ ‫~~~ ‪10‬‬ ‫‪(011115~~0005.‬‬

‫‪15-7.1‬‬ ‫‪(= 5.819‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(‪5~(01~0000~10‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫~‪(0(1)1 0‬‬ ‫‪~(01~~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪0)1 ~(1(~~011)1 ~1100510‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10~(111005‬‬
‫‪0~ 111~ ~05~5 (15 5110~0 10 ~1~. 15-21.‬‬ ‫‪110~~~~(,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~05~ (0(100~(1~10(~(5‬‬ ‫‪(~~0(0(0~00‬‬
‫‪~1(1~10~ (1 ~05~ 10 5~(1~5 ~1111 ~(1~11 0~~1~~ (15 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~. 15-22.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1001~100(11‬‬
‫‪~(01~~1100‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 ~~((0115‬‬ ‫(~‪0~11‬‬ ‫‪~00(010(11100‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~0‬‬ ‫~~‪(1 0~~1‬‬ ‫‪(100 115 ~05~,‬‬ ‫‪(1110~5‬‬
‫(‪50~~(10‬‬ ‫‪011112(11100‬‬ ‫~~‪0~ 111~ 0~~1‬‬ ‫‪~(1~(1011111~5 (100 ~(01~~15‬‬ ‫‪~(0(0‬‬ ‫‪5110(1111(00~11‬‬ ‫‪~(10115‬‬
‫‪(~.~.,‬‬ ‫‪111(00~11‬‬ ‫‪11 (100‬‬ ‫‪14 10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪15-22(1).‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(‪5~(01~0000~10‬‬ ‫‪~05~5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪~1~. 15-23.‬‬
‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(1011 ~0((~01‬‬ ‫~(‪(15~5, 111~ ~05~ 1~(0~~((110‬‬ ‫‪(1150 (15~5 001111‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1/11, (11‬‬
‫~‪~111~1111(0‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~05~ (0~115 (100 (1(~5 (1(~ 0~~~10~~0‬‬ ‫‪(1~(055‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~05~.‬‬ ‫~‪00‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ (1(~,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~1‬‬

‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪+‬‬

‫‪~~1/5‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪(3,0‬‬

‫‪0,,,‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪~~56‬‬

‫)‪(8.‬‬ ‫~‪~0,,(~0~~60 ~6~(~1~6‬‬ ‫‪(0) (3,0‬‬ ‫~‪~~0~~6‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪15-7‬‬ ‫‪531‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~~‪111~ 1111~~(/(10‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 111~ ~05‬‬ ‫‪15 10~(~(15~(/,‬‬ ‫‪111~(~0)1‬‬ ‫~‪(~(/0~10‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0((~01.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~.,,~(,‬‬
‫~~‪(10 (1(~ .,,011(1‬‬ ‫‪15 ~0(111~(/‬‬ ‫‪(1~(055‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~05~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~~0~((11~(/‬‬ ‫‪11~(11 .,,(1~0(12~5‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~05‬‬
‫‪~1~111~01,‬‬ ‫~‪(~501110‬‬ ‫‪10 10~(~(15~(/‬‬
‫‪(1(~ 1~0~111 (10(/ ~0(111~( (~(/0~1100‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ ~0((~01.‬‬
‫‪111~ ~011101(111.,,~ ~~~~~115 111~ ~)(110~1100‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ (1(~ 10 (1 .,,~()1 5110(111111~.‬‬ ‫‪~11~0‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪(1(~10~ 15 ~0111~1~1~ 10 11111~ (,, 111~ ~(1011 15 ~1~(1(.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~(151~( 111~ ~05~ ~1~(1(5, 111‬‬
‫‪111~11~( 15 111~ (1(~ .,,011(1~~.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪~1~(1(10‬‬ ‫‪11111~ (~ 15 111~ 50111 0~ 111~1110~ 11111~, (..,, (10(/ (1(~ 11111~, (,,.‬‬
‫‪(/71 15‬‬
‫‪(/~~~0(/~01‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪111~ 10(1(/ ~0((~01,‬‬ ‫‪~11~(~(15‬‬ ‫‪(,, 15 (/~~~0(/~01‬‬ ‫(~~‪00 111~ ~0‬‬ ‫(‪~(1~10( 0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~(1((1111~1~(5‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ ~(1011 ~1(~011.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~(‪~(1011 15 00(111(111)1 ~1~(1(~(/ 0~~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(1011‬‬
‫‪~0((~01‬‬ ‫(‪(~(1~11~5 115 ~1(51 ~~(1/‬‬ ‫‪(10(/ 111~ ~(1011 ~0((~01,‬‬ ‫~‪~111~111111~11111(1.,,‬‬ ‫‪60~0‬‬ ‫~(~‪1~ 111‬‬
‫‪~(15 00‬‬ ‫‪~05~,‬‬ ‫~‪15 ~(111~(/ 111~ ~,.05~~~(/1/‬‬ ‫‪1011/( ~11,.,.~11(.‬‬ ‫‪11115 15 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪15-24.‬‬
‫~‪111~ ~0((~01-11111‬‬ ‫‪~0~~5‬‬ ‫~‪0~ (/~.,,1~~5 (10(/ ~05~5111(1)10‬‬ ‫‪05~(/‬‬ ‫‪~0( 111~ ~00((/10(11100‬‬
‫‪0~ (1 ~05~ ~0( (1 (/~.,,1~~.‬‬ ‫~(‪~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪15-25(1 5110~5 111~ ~0((~01-11111‬‬ ‫‪~11(1((1~1~(1511~5‬‬ ‫‪0~ (1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~(~‪(/~.,,1~~ (10(/ 115 ~05~, ~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ (/~.,,1~~ ~111 0~ ~(01~~1~(/‬‬ ‫(~‪0.,,‬‬
‫~‪111~ ~1101~ ((10~~ 0‬‬
‫‪0.,,~(10(1(/5.‬‬ ‫‪11115 1)1~~ 0~ ~(01~~1100‬‬ ‫‪15 00(111(111)1 05~(/‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫(~~‪10~-~0‬‬ ‫‪~00.,,~(1~(5.‬‬
‫~(‪~1~0‬‬ ‫‪15-250‬‬ ‫‪5110~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1110(~ ~01111110(1)1 05~(/‬‬ ‫‪5)151~11110‬‬ ‫~‪~111~11111‬‬ ‫‪~05~ 15 05~(/‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬
‫‪5110(1-~1(~011‬‬ ‫‪~(01~~1100‬‬ ‫~‪(11 111~ 0~~10010‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ ~(1011‬‬
‫‪~ (10(/ 111~ 00(111(11 0.,,~(10(1(/‬‬
‫‪~(01~~1100‬‬ ‫‪15 ~(0.,,1(/~(/‬‬ ‫‪0)1 ~1(~011‬‬ ‫(~(‪0(~(1/‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫(~‪0111‬‬ ‫~‪~0((~01-111111110‬‬ ‫‪5)151~111.‬‬
‫~~‪1~ ~ 15 111~ (~5151(10‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ ~(1011 ~1(~011 (10(/ / 15 111~ 1051(101(10~005‬‬ ‫‪~(1011 ~0((~01‬‬
‫‪0~1~~~0‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 1051(101 0~ ~(1011 0~~0((10‬‬ ‫‪(10(/ 111~ 1051(101 0~ (1(~ ~)(110~1100,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0~(~)1‬‬
‫‪~~(/ 10 111~ ~1(~011‬‬ ‫‪~(10 0~ ~)(~(~55~(/‬‬ ‫‪(15‬‬

‫)‪(15-46‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪...)~..‬‬ ‫‪15-23‬‬ ‫‪$~1111~011011~10( (115~5. (~~17700,/,/~~0,‬‬ ‫‪0)117~711//55/0,,‬‬ ‫‪0/117/,/5/1 ~/~~/7/~(1/‬‬

‫)‪1-.1(1~/1/,,~5, 1./0,., ~,,8/(1,,0,‬‬

‫‪532‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~.--~ ..‬‬ ‫~‪.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~~~~9‬‬ ‫~~~~~‬
‫‪... 1,,, -./‬‬ ‫‪18 ---.‬‬
‫‪...‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬ ‫‪8~68~1~9‬‬ ‫‪(~1116,‬‬
‫‪(0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪1110‬‬ ‫‪(~8181(111~~,‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪(~111(11118 ~01181(1111, 10~ ~(1111~ 0112( 18 ~(0~0(11011(1110‬‬ ‫~‪10~ ~11~(8‬‬
‫~~‪1‬‬ ‫~‪10 10‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪12( ~(1111~ 18 1~(111~~ (18 10~ /~(-(/1,0/18/1‬‬ ‫‪~11~,8)1 (111~ 18 (~-‬‬
‫~‪12( ~0(1((1~1~(1811‬‬
‫~‪8~0118101‬‬ ‫‪10( 111~111118 10~ 1118~.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪1118~ 111(111111(1~111(~(8 8~~~11‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪1118~ (111~ ~18.‬‬ ‫‪15-26 800~8‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1~~1~(11 ~0(1((1~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫~‪011‬‬ ‫‪1118~8, 1~~~8‬‬ ‫‪11350.‬‬
‫‪111 8~1~~11118‬‬ ‫~‪(1 1118~ 11 18 11~~~88(1(~ 10 ~811111(11~ 10‬‬ ‫‪1(11111 ~11((~111‬‬ ‫‪(111~ 10~11 10‬‬
‫‪8(11181~ 10~ 10110~1118‬‬ ‫~‪(~().111(~111~1118‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~‪1118~ 1111181 ~(1((~ ~01111111101181~ 111~ ~~~1‬‬ ‫~~‪((11‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111.‬‬
‫‪2.‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪12( 1~1-111(01180‬‬ ‫~‪~(1111~ 0110‬‬ ‫~(‪1118~ 0~10‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1(11111 ~11((~111‬‬ ‫~~(‪18 ~1~(1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~~‪1111181 0~ 1~88 10(111 111~ ((11‬‬

‫~~‪~~~1‬‬
‫‪3.‬‬
‫‪4.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪(1(~ ~011(18‬‬
‫~‪12( 0110‬‬
‫~‪1118~ 1111181 0~ (101~ 10 ~11081(111‬‬
‫~‪1111181 0‬‬
‫~~‪~~~1‬‬ ‫‪10 0~ ~(01~~1~~.‬‬
‫‪10~ ~011(18~,‬‬
‫~‪1~88 10(111 111~ ~~(1‬‬
‫~‪(111~( 10‬‬
‫~‪~011(18‬‬
‫‪(1(~ ~)(1111~11011.‬‬

‫~‪((111118 01 10‬‬

‫‪..,‬‬
‫‪-..‬‬ ‫‪061/1~6‬‬
‫~~(‪~~8~8~(6~15‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫‪---‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪---‬‬
‫‪-...‬‬
‫‪.....‬‬ ‫‪~--- --...‬‬
‫‪.....‬‬ ‫~‪--‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪---‬‬ ‫~ ~‪~~0(6~(~0‬‬
‫~ ‪0~ 1~56‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪(,5‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪(,5‬‬
‫‪10-2‬‬ ‫‪10-1‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪10-2‬‬ ‫‪10-1‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬

‫~‪(8) 80111~~8(6~~0(8~((0‬‬ ‫~~~‪(0) 8~0(1-~(~~~~(~~0(8~(~0~ 0‬‬

‫‪533‬‬
‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪15-7‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪5/11~00/(1‬‬ ‫‪/0,‬‬ ‫‪,,,0~~~1/79‬‬ ‫‪/-/19/1 ,,0~(1,‬‬ ‫‪5(11711~0/70/1~~0,‬‬ ‫‪0(1~1~(15‬‬ ‫~‪~...~~.‬‬ ‫‪(~,0,... 5~~~( ~~~,0,.~0~5‬‬
‫=‪~3)(~01~01 ~.01.5. ~0(1398 ~31~09‬‬ ‫‪290.,,-‬‬
‫‪~00~0~015‬‬ ‫=‪~0 8588‬‬ ‫=‪~3~14‬‬ ‫‪1976‬‬ ‫‪30(/ 1~~ 269.4.‬‬
‫‪~5,..‬‬ ‫‪~3)(~01~0118518(/‬‬ ‫‪1)83~ ~011398‬‬ ‫‪450.,,-‬‬
‫‪~ ~8~1~~~~318‬‬ ‫‪0~ 500~1‬‬ ‫‪~/~~~ ~1 ~31~095‬‬ ‫‪30(/‬‬
‫)‪~3)(~01~01 (/.~. ~0(1398 ~31~09 (1../~~15015‬‬ ‫‪160.,,-‬‬
‫‪~8~~~~~31~00‬‬ ‫~~‪0~ ~21 ~~1-0‬‬ ‫‪30(/‬‬ ‫‪3~~ ~0~1398‬‬
‫‪~03~3~18~151~~5‬‬ ‫‪3~8 3~3~ ~30~8.‬‬
‫‪~3)(~01~01 3~~~09~0~1398~0~ ~~ 5~1)1)~,,,.,,-0~1398~ 240.,,-‬‬ ‫‪490.,,-‬‬
‫‪/~,.0~.,..4(0/.,.‬‬ ‫‪/=0~ ~3~~31~00 ~0 3~~/09 ~0~1398 ~~10 ~~ ~1)1)~,,, .,,-0~1398‬‬
‫‪.,,- ~ 100 + 1.63 .,,-5‬‬
‫‪(-./0(~ 1.. .,./1.,,/$(0,$/(/,.0(/~$‬‬ ‫‪8,8 ,8(~,,,‬‬ ‫‪8~~,89~ ~~,,8(1( 0,,1//1//6(/.1$6$ 8(8‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪(//(8(/ /,, ,,/11.5. ~1./,,6/1(.‬‬ ‫(‪01.1,//19 $(880)/ $(8(6 0/18,/1(1017 (/18 (/.1$81111./$‬‬ ‫‪~08~8 .,,- ~ ~83~ 3~~ ~0~1398. .,,- ~ ~~ 5~1)1)(,,,‬‬‫‪.,,-0~1398‬‬
‫‪(10( /)8 0/18,/1(80 ,.,, (1)(08$$ 0( /($ (11(1)(/,.,,/.1/11,.111.5. ,./1(/,.,9.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫~‪/=~5~09 /=3~10‬‬ ‫‪1.25‬‬
‫‪(4./0(8 2.. ,/18 111(1)(1171/.1/11‬‬
‫‪08/1 (6111,,8,/1(/.1,8 8/1(/ 08/1 (8111/18(/1(/.1,8 ,1$8‬‬
‫‪/=0~~8 ~00~~09 ~~~~80~ ~1)~31~09 ~3~10~ 31 5 01/5‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬
‫‪8/)0~8 8111/)18/11. 0/ (1 /(1$(1 8(6 0,,.(,.~8/ 0(151917 /18,/11118(8($.‬‬ ‫‪~81.1(,.0,,‬‬
‫‪5110()/(/ 08 (8/(817 0/./,,,.,9 //7$(/1//8(/017 (0 8/1$()(8 ,./1/1( (/18 $/18~,.,,.8(/‬‬
‫‪,8(//19$ 8(8 /70( (1)(08808(/.‬‬ ‫‪50(718‬‬ ‫‪(0,,,,‬‬
‫‪0/ /18/11.$/,,/( 1778., 08 /1808$$8,..,.‬‬

‫‪.~ ~~~,0,... ,0,~0 ~~~~,0,~ (~,0,...5~~~( ~~~,0,.~0~5‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪,../1~ ,-350 5~,.~~5 01 5~~1~0000~10,.‬‬

‫‪~700 ,.1., ,0 ,,.9. ~-5.‬‬

‫‪~3,1 ,,~010~,‬‬ ‫‪~~5 ~()~~0~.‬‬

‫‪13010 = 250‬‬
‫‪,,,‬‬
‫‪105~5 8,.~ 8~8~~80~~ ~~1/1 ,700‬‬
‫‪~001~810,. 105~5 8~,.880~ 1~11~0, 10( 0~(118/15~0,,8~ 0~18~~5 (818( 10 ~898‬‬
‫‪~.12.‬‬ ‫‪~0( 8~8~1,.~~8~, 1/18,.(118~ 8/10 (118~/1(3,,~~(3( 5~~~~1~~(31~0,,5 0,,‬‬

‫‪.0 00,,-,,,~.,. ,,.,, 00,,-,0., .00 ,,,.1,. ,.~., ..9. /.350-450.‬‬

‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫‪~~5 ~()~~0~.‬‬
‫~‪~13010 = 250‬‬
‫‪,,,‬‬
‫)‪(1‬‬
‫()‪~,,,‬‬
‫~‪~0~0‬‬
‫‪~055‬‬
‫‪~3)(/01~01‬‬
‫‪~3)(~01~01‬‬
‫=‪,8~901‬‬

‫)‪~~0-,,,~~(~(3 (2‬‬
‫‪(2,‬‬

‫‪~,,,2,‬‬
‫=‪~31) ~8(11)8~31~~8‬‬
‫‪~31) 18(11)8~31~~8 ~~58 300~8‬‬

‫~‪.0.,,,‬‬
‫‪.1120‬‬
‫‪,,,2,‬‬
‫)‪~2, (2‬‬
‫‪~~~5‬‬
‫~‪.0.,,,‬‬
‫‪.1240.,,,‬‬
‫)‪(2, (2‬‬

‫‪,,,2,‬‬
‫‪~~5‬‬
‫‪3010~801‬‬

‫‪~0.05‬‬
‫~‪1000‬‬
‫~‪750‬‬
‫)‪1709 (5.95 02.‬‬

‫‪.350-150‬‬ ‫‪175‬‬ ‫‪155‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪1600‬‬ ‫‪7000‬‬ ‫‪16000‬‬ ‫)‪1‬‬ ‫‪~8)(101~01‬‬ ‫‪~~,,~,,1 ~8~~~~,,9‬‬
‫‪.350-200‬‬ ‫‪210‬‬ ‫‪190‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪2100‬‬ ‫‪10000‬‬ ‫‪20000‬‬ ‫~‪30.~~1..,,. ,,81~~3‬‬ ‫‪~0,,....€~1~0,,‬‬
‫‪~00~~,,9 ~5~,,9 1~51 8~~3,,9€01€,,1‬‬
‫‪.350-250‬‬ ‫‪250‬‬ ‫‪230‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪4800‬‬ ‫‪20000‬‬ ‫‪40000‬‬
‫‪85 8588~ ~8~14~ 1976‬‬
‫‪.350-300‬‬ ‫‪315‬‬ ‫‪290‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪9000‬‬ ‫‪34000‬‬ ‫‪70000‬‬ ‫‪~0,,~~~10~5 1.010 1.6.4/01012‬‬
‫‪.350-350‬‬ ‫‪355‬‬ ‫‪320‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪13000‬‬ ‫‪50000‬‬ ‫‪100000‬‬ ‫‪8113~~01€,,1.‬‬
‫‪.350-400‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪20000‬‬ ‫‪75000‬‬ ‫‪160000‬‬ ‫)‪2‬‬ ‫~‪,....,..()~~3‬‬
‫‪....3~~€50112181 20‬‬
‫‪.350-450‬‬ ‫‪450‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪42‬‬ ‫‪30000‬‬ ‫‪110000‬‬ ‫‪220000‬‬ ‫~‪1~01€5 ~31€‬‬ ‫‪~~5‬‬ ‫‪~~~~~,,1‬‬

‫‪,‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪.. .. -‬‬
‫‪59(232).10,11‬‬
‫‪...‬‬
‫‪32.6(128).113.‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪-‬‬

‫)‪41.3 (1.62‬‬

‫‪1-‬‬
‫‪13(051)(11,0‬‬

‫)‪85 (334‬‬
‫‪--,‬‬
‫‪,,,~.‬‬ ‫‪.........‬‬ ‫‪~-4 1.3‬‬
‫‪..,‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫‪.6 2 ~ (11..‬‬

‫‪1/1~11..815-26‬‬ ‫~‪()313 5/1~~1 011‬‬ ‫‪1115~,1~..,~ 11350.‬‬ ‫‪(~0~,(~5)1 011/1(~,/1(1(10/1(1/ 8.~~-‬‬

‫)‪(111~,‬‬

‫‪534‬‬
 ‫‪500‬‬

‫‪450‬‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~400‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬

‫‪~~350‬‬

‫‪~.3 300‬‬
‫‪.,,‬‬
‫‪~,,,‬‬
‫‪250‬‬

‫‪~~~..‬‬
‫‪200‬‬

‫‪~150‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪55‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪,-~,,,~ 5‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪,.350-450‬‬
‫‪,.350-400‬‬ ‫‪,.350.450‬‬
‫‪,.350-350‬‬ ‫‪,.350.400‬‬
‫‪,.350-300‬‬ ‫‪,.350.350‬‬
‫‪,.350.300‬‬
‫‪,.350-250‬‬
‫~‪~~,.013~~~0()~(311/1~ 1~01‬‬
‫‪,.350-200‬‬
‫‪10,,,5~~~5 3~ 2/1.51‬‬ ‫‪,.350-150‬‬
‫‪., 10.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫~*‪~=1‬‬
‫=‪.-‬‬

‫‪~~~....‬‬

‫‪/‬‬
‫‪~....‬‬

‫‪-.,. 10.‬‬
‫)‪0‬‬
‫‪....‬‬
‫‪- ...../‬‬ ‫‪/ /~,.350 25,‬‬
‫‪~,.350200‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪,.350-150‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪103‬‬
‫‪()(05()8~1~...,~~~5‬‬
‫‪104‬‬
‫‪5.,,0101~1(.~31 ~3~~1 ~~((€/11‬‬ ‫‪- /1..‬‬

‫‪,.350 450‬‬ ‫‪~0... ~3~~€5~20~......‬‬

‫‪--‬‬
‫‪==,.350-400‬‬
‫_‬
‫‪= ,.350 350‬‬
‫‪01~~1~()~.., ~ ()€8~ 0...,, 0.8‬‬
‫~‪_ ,.350-300‬‬ ‫‪.......‬‬
‫‪~~01~1 01 ~~1-011‬‬
‫~‪(8) 5..,,0101€1(.~8‬‬
‫‪~0/10~1~0/1‬‬
‫‪18(.)~1‬‬
‫‪,.350-250‬‬ ‫‪.......-‬‬ ‫‪(0) ~~~~..,, .45..,..0101€1(.~8~ ,8~~1‬‬
‫‪- ,.350-200‬‬
‫‪,.350-150‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫~‬

‫‪(.)0‬‬

‫~‬

‫~‬ ‫‪103‬‬
‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪0-‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‬

‫‪,..‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪3-‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪018~ 0()€.-818 9 ,...01€‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪102‬‬
‫‪102‬‬ ‫‪103‬‬ ‫‪104‬‬
‫‪~(05()~1~...,€ ~~5 5..,.010)€1(.~8~ ~80~1 ~0((€.,1‬‬
‫‪- /14.‬‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪15-7‬‬ ‫‪535‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~0)(,011..,011‬‬ ‫‪(.011.5.‬‬ ‫‪~0~(098‬‬ ‫~‪(0(,09‬‬ ‫‪290-.,,‬‬
‫‪~8)(,011..,011‬‬ ‫‪(85(80‬‬ ‫~‪~88‬‬ ‫~‪~0~(898‬‬ ‫‪450-.,,‬‬
‫‪~8)(,011..,011‬‬ ‫‪0.~.‬‬ ‫‪~0~(898‬‬ ‫‪(0(,09‬‬ ‫)‪((_/8~150115‬‬ ‫‪160-.,,‬‬
‫‪/(0,1~0~/,.,,..,/..‬‬
‫‪~0(8‬‬ ‫‪1..‬‬ ‫‪-,-,,.,,./5~0,5/(//00(1$‬‬ ‫~‪0,‬‬ ‫‪~0//0,0~(10‬‬ ‫‪1/1 (10,/(10398‬‬ ‫(‪~/.1((€(1‬‬ ‫‪((1(1/195‬‬
‫‪~8)(,011..,011‬‬ ‫‪8(~,09‬‬ ‫‪~0~(898‬‬ ‫(‪10‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪5..,~~~.,,‬‬ ‫‪-.,,0~1898‬‬ ‫‪~ 240-.,,‬‬ ‫‪490-.,,‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~8(,8(,00‬‬ ‫‪,,, 8(~,09‬‬ ‫‪~0~(898‬‬ ‫)((‪.,.,,,‬‬
‫‪~/1//€‬‬ ‫‪(/1585‬‬ ‫‪3(8‬‬ ‫~(‪~3//0,3‬‬ ‫‪//1 ,./71.$.‬‬ ‫(‪~/),,8/1‬‬ ‫‪(3(//195.‬‬ ‫‪0/.1(1119‬‬ ‫‪5(830.,,-‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪5..,~~~.,,‬‬ ‫‪-.,,0~(898‬‬
‫‪$(8(8‬‬ ‫‪0()8((1(10(1‬‬ ‫‪(/18‬‬ ‫‪(()$(1‬‬ ‫(‪171/.1$‬‬ ‫(‪/10‬‬ ‫‪08‬‬ ‫‪0~8,0(80‬‬ ‫‪1/1‬‬ ‫‪8)(~8$$‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪,.($‬‬ ‫‪-.,,‬‬ ‫‪~ 100‬‬ ‫‪+ 1 .63‬‬ ‫‪-.,,‬‬
‫‪/713)(//71/.1/71‬‬ ‫‪,./71.$.‬‬ ‫‪(3(//19.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪~()0(8‬‬ ‫‪-.,,‬‬ ‫~‪~ ~88‬‬ ‫~(‪8‬‬ ‫‪~0~(898,‬‬ ‫~~ ~ ‪-.,,5‬‬ ‫‪5..,~~~.,,‬‬ ‫‪-.,,0~1898‬‬
‫‪~0(8‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪2.- ,/18‬‬ ‫‪(113)(1/71/1/71‬‬ ‫‪~3(.) (8/71(.)(1(8(/.1(8‬‬ ‫‪3/10 ~0() (8/71(.)8(8(/.1((1‬‬ ‫‪,/58‬‬
‫‪300..,8‬‬ ‫(‪3/71/)/€//1‬‬ ‫‪0/ (3 (/.158 3(8‬‬ ‫‪~,./(1~0/‬‬ ‫‪085/9/1‬‬ ‫‪(.)8(31118(8($.‬‬ ‫‪~3/.1(10/1‬‬ ‫‪~..,5,09‬‬ ‫~(‪~8~(0‬‬ ‫‪1.25‬‬
‫‪5/10/.1/(/‬‬ ‫‪08‬‬ ‫‪(3/(811‬‬ ‫‪0/1(1119‬‬ ‫‪/(/$(8//8(1011‬‬ ‫‪(0‬‬ ‫‪8/15/1(8‬‬ ‫(‪(/18‬‬ ‫‪(/18 5(.)8~1(180‬‬ ‫‪~0(~8‬‬ ‫‪~00~,09‬‬ ‫‪~..,((001‬‬ ‫‪..,~(8(,09‬‬ ‫(‪18~10‬‬ ‫‪8( 5 011/5‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬
‫‪(3(/11953(8‬‬ ‫‪110( 8)(~88080.‬‬
‫‪,-~ (0~~.6.(..‬‬ ‫‪.6.~0‬‬ ‫~‪~(0~~.6.‬‬ ‫‪~~.6.(.. 5~(0~~ 1=~~.6.,-~0~5‬‬
‫‪,-~€‬‬ ‫‪,..,..350‬‬
‫‪5€..-~€5 0~ 5€01~~0,.,0~~10..-‬‬ ‫‪1~5€5 ~,-€ 0 8~~80~€‬‬ ‫~‪~~1‬‬ ‫‪~700‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪1(10~~810,-1‬‬

‫‪~--67.‬‬
‫‪~.90‬‬ ‫‪0 -66.‬‬
‫‪~0..-‬‬

‫‪,-0 ~0.,,/1~€1€‬‬

‫~‪~8~1 ,,~(1108‬‬
‫~‪5€5 8~,-€80‬‬

‫‪€~€~1,-~~8~,‬‬

‫‪/38..-1 .,‬‬
‫‪1~11€0,‬‬ ‫~‪(0..- 0.(11€,.,5~0(18‬‬

‫~‪1~€,-/118‬‬

‫‪11108... 800‬‬

‫‪~/,15(..,~~0~,‬‬
‫~‪,-8(110=250‬‬
‫‪80(1‬‬

‫)‪(1‬‬
‫‪0(18)~5‬‬

‫()~‪/3...€1‬‬
‫‪..-818..- 10 ~09€‬‬

‫~‪/11€~/18,,~~0‬‬

‫‪,.~..‬‬
‫‪8.9.‬‬

‫‪~/,15(()~~0~,‬‬
‫‪,-8(110‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪5/3€~~1)~81.0,,5‬‬

‫‪~.,..,..350-900.‬‬

‫~‪450‬‬
‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫()~‪/,1‬‬
‫‪(818..-‬‬

‫~‪~0,.,0‬‬
‫‪~055‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪~8)(,011..,011‬‬
‫‪~8)(,011..,011‬‬
‫‪~8)(,011..,011‬‬
‫(‪(10‬‬

‫~(~~‪~~~.‬‬
‫‪~21‬‬
‫‪08~,~8‬‬

‫)‪~(3 (2‬‬
‫~‪~8‬‬
‫~‪~8‬‬
‫~‪(8011~8(8(..,(8‬‬
‫‪(8011~8(8(..,(8‬‬
‫~‪9(8~,(81,000‬‬
‫‪0110..,,,(00‬‬

‫~~‪,0,‬‬ ‫)‪~21(2‬‬
‫‪.31120...,~~5‬‬
‫‪(80,8~~.,,‬‬

‫~~‪~,0,‬‬
‫‪(,58‬‬
‫‪.,.,,,(()5(800‬‬
‫‪(0‬‬
‫‪800~8‬‬

‫)‪(0(8(,00.‬‬

‫)~(‪~21‬‬
‫‪.31240...,~~5‬‬
‫(‪80110,80‬‬
‫~‪~8~80,~,(.,,‬‬ ‫)‪15009 (52.5 01.‬‬

‫‪~---------‬‬
‫‪~0,~5‬‬
‫~‪1000‬‬
‫~‪750‬‬

‫‪-‬‬

‫‪~~~,.,‬‬ ‫‪1(.0.25‬‬ ‫‪1(.0.25‬‬ ‫‪~.0.25‬‬

‫‪,,350-400‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫)‪1‬‬ ‫‪~.3)(~(11~(11 ~~~~8,,1‬‬
‫‪~8~~,.,~,,9‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫‪,,350-500‬‬ ‫‪-00‬‬ ‫‪430‬‬ ‫‪64‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪170‬‬ ‫~‪80~~~1,.,, ,,.31~~8‬‬ ‫‪~0,,....8~1~0,,‬‬
‫‪,.,.350-600‬‬ ‫‪630‬‬ ‫‪540‬‬ ‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪000~,09 0,(09 1.,1.,,,09.,.,,801‬‬
‫‪150‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫‪~,.,.350-700‬‬ ‫‪710‬‬ ‫‪580‬‬ ‫‪77‬‬ ‫‪.35 8588~ ~.3~14~1976.‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪420‬‬
‫‪,.,.350-800‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬ ‫)‪2‬‬ ‫~‪,-,.,~~~8‬‬ ‫~‪....81(.)85 0~ ,2181201~(11‬‬
‫‪660‬‬ ‫‪82‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪650‬‬
‫‪,.,.350-900‬‬ ‫‪900‬‬ ‫‪740‬‬ ‫‪97‬‬ ‫‪~8180‬‬ ‫‪~~5 ~(.)(~8(11.‬‬
‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪850‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪536‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪..‬‬
‫‪,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪200‬‬
‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪55‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1.5‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪~7‬‬

‫‪... ~~10.‬‬ ‫‪~..350 900‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫‪~-‬‬
‫‪..350 800‬‬
‫‪..350-700‬‬ ‫‪~/‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪..350-600‬‬
‫‪..350-500‬‬ ‫‪7 (/‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪..350-400‬‬
‫‪...‬‬ ‫=‪10(115‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2 1.5‬‬
‫~‪,.010‬‬ ‫‪0~(1~31(~9‬‬
‫‪= ,-((11(1‬‬

‫~~‪11‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪10.‬‬
‫‪103‬‬ ‫‪104‬‬
‫~‪~~05~8~1~ ~ ~,.,.,5 5 0101(11~~~0‬‬
‫‪~0011 ~0~~(1,,1 -‬‬
‫‪,.,‬‬
‫‪105‬‬
‫‪103‬‬
‫‪102‬‬
‫~(~‪~~05~(1‬‬ ‫‪~ ~~5‬‬
‫‪103‬‬
‫‪~~/‬‬
‫(‪5..,..(10)(11~(~8‬‬
‫‪104‬‬
‫‪~3011 ~0~~~~1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪/)..‬‬

‫‪~0~ 3~085~120~......‬‬
‫‪0)0~1.~~..,.. 1~€0~~..,,‬‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬

‫‪(..(,,,.1 01 ~01.011‬‬ ‫‪~0,,0(1*00‬‬

‫‪..,‬‬ ‫‪(8) 5..,..0101€1(.~0~ 1=00~1‬‬
‫~‪(0) 1=0(~ ~5..,,01,,,€1((~8‬‬ ‫‪100~1‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫)‪~(.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪10.‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪0-‬‬
‫‪-..‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~,,‬‬
‫‪...‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~(05~€~1( € ~~5 5..,..01~1(.~~ 1=30~1~((€01‬‬ ‫‪/4,‬‬ ‫‪~(05~€~1( € ~~5 5..,.,,,,,,€1((~8( 1=3 (1 ~0((€01‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪- /4.‬‬

‫‪.=.9.5-‬‬ ‫‪~21 (.,81‬‬ ‫~‪81)0981‬‬ ‫‪~8~.51.~$‬‬ ‫)‪(240~-‬‬ ‫)‪.=-9.6 - ~01-011 ~...3~3~18~.$1.~$(240~-‬‬

‫‪58~. 15-7‬‬ ‫‪537‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪0,,,‬‬

‫‪...120..~ 15-27‬‬ ‫‪~..01~~()011 0)1 ~..0~03..‬‬

‫‪~1..~(111.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪10 50111~ 3()()11~311005‬‬ ‫‪11 1113)1 0~ 0~~~553()110‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪3 5~(1~5‬‬ ‫~~‪1001.1~130‬‬ ‫‪10 1111111‬‬
‫~‪111~ 0.//0.( 01111‬‬ ‫‪131.111 ~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪10 3~010‬‬ ‫~~‪~)(~~551‬‬ ‫‪0.//0.( 51(~55‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 0~~1‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬
‫‪11.15~.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫~~‪11115 1001.1~130‬‬ ‫‪1113)1 311~~1‬‬ ‫‪111~ 00(11131‬‬ ‫~~‪()~(10(11130‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪~00-‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(~‪~~(1‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫‪111)1(1510(5‬‬ ‫~~‪113‬‬ ‫~(‪1110‬‬ ‫‪0~~(~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪~3()301111)111130‬‬ ‫‪11131 011(3051510(5.‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪(~51.111, /115 1110(~ 01111~1.11110 ()(01~~11(3051510(5‬‬ ‫‪11130 111)1(1510(5.‬‬ ‫(‪131()013‬‬ ‫‪1(3051510(5‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪~310-0~()~00~01‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01-~001(01‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5.‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 1113)(11111.1111~011~~10‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬
‫‪15 0~()~00~01‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫~‪/15 035‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01.‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪111~ 131.111 ~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪(15~5,‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 1(3051510‬‬ ‫‪1113)1 ~0‬‬
‫‪01.11 015311.1(31100‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ ~011~~10(-~111111‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫~‪~111 (15~ ~1111111‬‬ ‫‪131.111 ~1.1((~01,‬‬
‫~‪()3(11~1.113(1)111111‬‬ ‫~‪035‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪15 001‬‬ ‫‪~1130~~0‬‬ ‫~)(‪10 ~0‬‬ ‫~‪~1111111‬‬ ‫‪10~(~35~0‬‬ ‫(‪~011~~10‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~01.‬‬ ‫‪11115 5~~0003()1‬‬ ‫(~~‪~11~~1 1113)1 ~31.15~ 111~11~( ()0‬‬ ‫(‪1055 ~111110 111~ 1(3051510‬‬
‫~‪01.1~ 10 111~ (1510‬‬ ‫(~‪~011~~10(-~111111‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~~‪1113)1 031113‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1(3051510(,‬‬ ‫‪~~~0‬‬
‫‪11101.1~11111~ 131.111 ~1.1((~0115‬‬ ‫‪001 51.1111~1~01 ~001.1~1110‬‬ ‫‪111~11111~ 11.15~ 300‬‬ ‫(‪~1~3‬‬ ‫‪111~ 131.111‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~1.1((~01.‬‬
‫‪51510(5‬‬

‫(‪~(0~03‬‬
‫~‪1111.15 1351-3~110‬‬
‫(~‪1.100‬‬
‫‪1(3051510(5‬‬
‫‪131.111 ~000111005.‬‬
‫‪~30‬‬
‫~‪15 1.15~0 10( ()(01~~110‬‬
‫‪111~ 311101.101 01 ~0~(~)110~01~~0‬‬
‫‪11.15~5 1113)1 001‬‬

‫‪0~ ()(01~~1~0‬‬ ‫(‪0)1 3 ~(0~03‬‬

‫~‪0~ 3()()(0()(131‬‬

‫(~‪~1(~1.1115 0( ~~1.11()111~011.100‬‬
‫‪15 100 111~11 300‬‬
‫~‪10 ()(01~~110‬‬

‫‪~1(~1.111 35 5110~0‬‬

‫‪111~ 00(11131‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪131.111 ~000111005,‬‬
‫‪()(01~~1100‬‬
‫(‪01()013‬‬

‫‪15-27.‬‬
‫‪1(30-‬‬

‫~(~‪~11‬‬
‫‪~1(~1.1115 ~30001‬‬
‫~‬

‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪1.15~0.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫(‪~(0~03‬‬ ‫‪~0051515‬‬ ‫(‪01 3 111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪~1111 3 ~0113~~-‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫~~‪~1.1((~01-5~05111‬‬
‫~‪11(10‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.111.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(‪~(0~03‬‬ ‫(‪111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪15 ()13~~0‬‬ ‫‪3~(055‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ ~00~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪~1(~1.111 10 0‬‬
‫‪()(01~~1~0.‬‬ ‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫‪131.111 ~000111005‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪5~05~0‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫(‪~(0~03‬‬ ‫(‪111)1(1510‬‬ ‫‪10 15 11(~0, 3‬‬
‫‪~1(11.131 5110(1 ~1(~1.11115 ~(~31~0‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11.15~ 110~,‬‬ ‫‪~1,‬‬ ‫‪15 010~0,‬‬ ‫‪111~(~0)1‬‬ ‫~‪(~11~~10‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫(~‪~00~~(1‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 0~~(~1.1((~01.‬‬
‫‪~05~815‬‬ ‫~~‪3(~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪~001(01‬‬ ‫~‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪35 111~ 131.111 ~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪(15~5,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~31‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫‪0~~05‬‬ ‫‪001‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪~1130~~0.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪()~3‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫~~(‪15 1)1()1~311)1 111‬‬ ‫~‪11111~5 111‬‬
‫‪~001101.101.15 (3110~.‬‬ ‫~‪11111~ ()~3‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~0115‬‬ ‫‪001‬‬ ‫‪~)(~~~0~0‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11.15~ ~1~3(5‬‬ ‫‪~1.11~~1)1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪~001.1~11, 31351-3~110‬‬ ‫‪11.15~ 1113)1 ()(01~~13‬‬ ‫‪~05~81.‬‬ ‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬ ‫(‪3 ~(0~03‬‬ ‫‪()(01~~1100‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪15 3150 (~~0111111~00~0.‬‬

‫‪~0 3~ ~1(~1.111155110~0 10 ~1~. 15-28, ~11~(~ 111~ 10()1.11~0113~~ 15 11 = ~,,,, 510 ())(. 11‬‬
‫‪111~ 5~11~11 5~ 15 ~105~0 31 ())( = 8, 8~. (6-15) ~1~~5 111~~1.1((~0135‬‬

‫‪/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪510 (())( + 8‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~) -‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪5//1 (8 -‬‬ ‫‪~)€-~(/1-‬‬ ‫)‪(15-47‬‬

‫‪538‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬ ‫‪_~0‬‬

‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫=~‬ ‫‪130 -1 (())1.,/~).‬‬ ‫‪~181.1(~ 15-28‬‬ ‫‪0~8~(10~8‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 1011131 ~1.1((~013110‬‬ ‫‪0~8100108‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0~ 10~ ~31.111.‬‬ ‫~(~‪1~ 10‬‬ ‫‪18 3 ~31.1113~(088‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1030‬‬ ‫‪38 8110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~18.‬‬ ‫‪15-29,‬‬ ‫‪.8~.‬‬ ‫‪(15-47),‬‬
‫‪~01~0‬‬ ‫‪~30‬‬ ‫‪0~ 3~~11~0‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫‪30 1011131 ~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 10 3110‬‬ ‫‪0~8100108‬‬ ‫‪0~ 10~ ~31.111, 81~~8‬‬
‫‪10~ ~31.111 ~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪810 (())( + 6‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~) + (10‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)~‬ ‫‪810 (6‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~)~-~(/1-‬‬ ‫)‪(15-48‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪10~ ~31.111~1.1((~01 ~111 0~~~00 00 10~ 1011131 ~1.1((~0110, ~0~~( ~3~10( 0~ 10~ 800(1-‬‬
‫‪~1(~1.111~310, ~, 300 3081~ 0~ ~31.1110~~1.1((108, 6. ~181.1(~ 15-30 800~8 10~ ~1.1((~01‬‬
‫(‪300 ~01138~ ~3~~~0(1118 01.1(108 10~ ~31.111~000111008 10 30 3~ ~1(~1.111. ~0‬‬ ‫‪3 111801)1‬‬
‫~‪1001.1~11~~ ~31.111~310, ~ = 900 300 ~-~(/1- = 1, 300 .8~. (15-48) 0~~0111‬‬

‫‪11,,,‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪-10‬‬ ‫‪~08‬‬ ‫‪6 +‬‬ ‫‪(~08‬‬ ‫‪6 -‬‬ ‫))‪~08 (())( + 6‬‬ ‫)‪(15-49‬‬
‫‪7,‬‬

‫‪11,,,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪= -1‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪+ -‬‬
‫‪7,‬‬
‫‪(1 -‬‬ ‫‪~08‬‬
‫())(‬ ‫)‬ ‫)‪(15-50‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪58~. 15-7‬‬ ‫‪539‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪3110 8~. (15-50‬‬ ‫‪~1~~8111~ 1113)(111111111~~3)( 131111 ~11((~111,‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫())(‬ ‫‪- /0 + 2~ 1./2, ~111~110~~11(8‬‬
‫‪= 10. .8111111 ~(3~11~~,‬‬ ‫‪011~ 10 03111~111~ 111~ ~~3)( ~11((~111 ~111 0~ 1~88 111311 11118.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪111~ ~11((~111 01 3 0~ ~1(~1111111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪15-3118‬‬ ‫‪~1~~11 0)1‬‬

‫‪/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~5‬‬

‫‪(1‬‬
‫)‪_ ~-8.//1.‬‬
‫~‬ ‫)‪(15-51‬‬
‫‪~1111‬‬ ‫~‪311 1111631 ~11((~111 01 /0 31 111~ 0~~11111111~ 01111‬‬ ‫‪131111 ~11((~111 38 8110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪15-32,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 131111 ~11((~111 18 ~)(~(~88~0‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬

‫)‪(15-52‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪131111 ~11((~111‬‬ ‫~‪3110 111~ 1118~ ~1~3(111‬‬ ‫~‪11111~ ~111 0‬‬ ‫‪0~~~110~111‬‬ ‫~‪011 111~ 11111‬‬
‫~‪~011813111 01111‬‬ ‫‪131111 ~1(~1111.‬‬ ‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫~~‪~(08~~~6‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111 18 10~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1118~ 1113)11101‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(‪~1~3‬‬ ‫‪111~ 131111 3110‬‬
‫~‪~11110111 0(~3)(111‬‬
‫‪6111~ ~113(3~1~(186~8‬‬
‫‪8111~~ 111~ 0~ 131111 ~11((~1118 00‬‬
‫‪3 810~1)1‬‬ ‫‪(18111~ 131111 ~11((~111‬‬
‫‪111~ 131111 ~11((~111.‬‬

‫~~‪1101113‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬
‫~~‪1113)1 ~(0011‬‬ ‫‪3(~8‬‬
‫~‪1118~ 1113111113~111(~~8 8~~~11)1111‬‬
‫‪10( 3~ ~1(~11118 3110 111~(~ 18 110 ~~111~31~111 ~11(~~8‬‬
‫~‪113111(31 ~~(1001‬‬ ‫‪2~(08,‬‬
‫‪~0116111101181)1‬‬

‫‪111~ ~)(611~6011‬‬
‫‪~11((~111-‬‬
‫‪10( 0~ ~1(~11118.‬‬
‫~‪01111‬‬
‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪18 1110(~ 01111~1111.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪~1(~11118 0~~(3611‬‬ ‫‪1(0111 0~ ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪(31111~ 01‬‬
‫~‪111~ 1118~ 81101110 0‬‬ ‫‪1)1~1~311)1 1.5‬‬ ‫‪6111~8 111~ ~~111~31~111‬‬ ‫‪3~ (1118 ~0113~~.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪1118‬‬
‫‪~(01~~6011‬‬ ‫‪01 0~ ~1(~11118 (~~111(~8‬‬ ‫‪~3(~1111 0~81~11 111311 11131 01 3~ ~1(~11118.‬‬

‫~‪~~301)).‬‬ ‫‪15-5‬‬

‫~‪~ (11$~ 1$ ~01111~~1~0 111$~(1~$ ~11/1 ~3~/11‬‬ ‫(‪1/1~~1$10~ 0‬‬

‫~~‪1~~~ 530‬‬ ‫~‪1111/1~ $111~1~-~/13$‬‬
‫‪(1111 ~011~~~1~~ 3$ $/10~11 111 ~1~. 4-33.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 111~111~0113~~ 1$ 208‬‬ ‫~‪~, 60 112, 3110 1/1‬‬
‫~~‪3~~~3‬‬ ‫~‪~11~~~1110( ~3~/11/1~~1$10‬‬ ‫‪1$ 1. = 400~.‬‬ ‫)‪1/1~ ~31111~$0( 1/1~~1$10~$3~~ 1.,(/0-.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪= 540~,‬‬ ‫~‪1.,(~~5) = 850 ~, 12( = 300/(.,425318.3301$, 12-../( = 4650 /(.,42~, 31101.5‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪= 10 /(~ ~11/1 ~~3~~11~0 1110~~ = 0, ~/11~/1 ~111 0~ 1/1~ ~3$~ 1( 1/1~ ~$‬‬ ‫‪0~~11$ ~11/1111 3‬‬
‫‪/131(-~~~1~.‬‬ ‫‪1( 1/1~ ~~$1$1311~~ 0( (31111 ~1~~11111$ 11~~11~101~ 3110 111011~1311~~ 1$ 1..‬‬
‫‪= 0.07‬‬
‫‪11111, $~1~~11/1~ ~31111~ 0( 3 $1111301~ (11$~ (~0111 ~1~. 15-26.‬‬

‫‪80.111100 11. = 240 ~, /. = 60 112. 1..~111$1~~3111~ (11$~,1~~~ 11350-600.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬

‫~~‪$/10~1 ~1~~1111~11~~~111 ~/11~/1 1$ 31$0 /(110~11 3$ 1/1~ ~~0$~~~11‬‬ ‫‪~01$ $~111111~1~1~31(31111‬‬
‫‪~11~~~111‬‬ ‫‪1$‬‬

‫‪11.‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫‪1000‬‬

‫= ‪1,0‬‬ ‫‪= 240‬‬ ‫~ ‪9095‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫= ‪2,. )( 60 )( 0.07‬‬

‫‪540‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪110~ 1/1~ 540-‬‬ ‫‪1115~ 1~~~ 11350-600‬‬ ‫‪(1110 150 = 9095 ~, 111/1,.15-26.6 /1,1~~51/1~ 111(1)(111111111‬‬
‫‪~~(1/( 1115~ ~11~~~11101 8500‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪~/11~/115‬‬
‫~‪1~55 1/1(1111/1~ ~~(1/( 1/1~~1510~ ~11~~~111011.5‬‬ ‫=‬
‫= ‪12( 01280 /(,425 (1110 101(11 ~1~(1~111/1,11111~01 (0‬‬
‫‪10 /(~.‬‬ ‫‪111/1,11~~15-26.5‬‬ ‫~‪/1,1~~5 1/1~ 1115‬‬
‫‪12-../( ~(11111/1,‬‬
‫‪011/1~ 1/1~~1510~ 11111510~ 115~0. 11‬‬
‫~‪8 1115. 5111~~ (0 15 1~55 1/1(1118.33 1115, 1/1‬‬ ‫(‪12‬‬ ‫‪)( 103‬‬
‫‪)( 103 /(,420,‬‬ ‫‪1/1~11‬‬ ‫‪(11‬‬ ‫‪(0‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫~‪1115, 1/1~~1510‬‬ ‫‪= 4650‬‬
‫~‪1/1~~1510‬‬ ‫(‪12-../‬‬ ‫‪= 4650‬‬ ‫=‬
‫(‪12( ~(11111/1,011/1~ 1115~. 1/1~ 12‬‬
‫‪~0.008‬‬ ‫‪= 416 /(,425, ~/11~/115 48.6%‬‬ ‫~‪/11/1,/1~~1/1(1111/1‬‬
‫‪(1110 ~~(1/( 511~/1,~~11~~~111~(11111/1,5‬‬
‫‪011/1~ 1/1~~1510~ (1~~ /11/1,/1~~1/1(1111/105~ 011/1~ 1115~.‬‬ ‫‪1/1115‬‬
‫‪1/1~ 1/1~~1510~ 5/101110 0~ ~~01~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 1/1~ 1115~.‬‬
‫‪(1 (1115 ~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫~‪((160‬‬
‫‪,.,,01~.‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪(1 ~~0~((11‬‬ ‫~‪(1.11~ 011111.11110, (11(151-(1~6.0‬‬ ‫‪11.15~ ~1111‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~()1.1(11 0( 1~55 111(10 111~ (1~~((1~~. ~1.1((~01‬‬ ‫~‪((1110~ 01111‬‬ ‫~‪111)1(1510( 0( 0100‬‬ ‫‪~111 00(111(111)1‬‬

‫~‪~(0~10‬‬ ‫‪(10~()1.1(11~ ~(01~~600‬‬ ‫(~‪1.100‬‬ ‫‪1(11.111~000111005.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~(01~~1~01(01110~~(~1.1((~015‬‬ ‫‪(100 0~~~011(1~~5.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪~00~~(1~(5‬‬ ‫~‪1111.1510‬‬
‫‪)1.10~1100‬‬ ‫~(‪1~111~~((111.1‬‬ ‫(~~‪01 ~0‬‬ ‫(‪5~1111~0001.1~10‬‬ ‫‪0~~1~~5‬‬ ‫‪1111.1510~ 111(1101(110~0 ~111110‬‬
‫‪111~1( 111(1)(11111.1111‬‬
‫~‪~~(111155101‬‬ ‫‪~(111.1~5.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪11~(11 ~(001.1~~0‬‬ ‫~~‪0)1 111~ 0~~1‬‬ ‫~‪111(1)1 0‬‬
‫~‪~(10 (1150 0‬‬
‫‪1((1051~((~0‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 11~(11 510~5‬‬ ‫‪0)1 (11( (100‬‬ ‫‪11()1.110 ~00110~.‬‬ ‫‪1-1~(11 ~1~~5‬‬
‫‪1.15~0.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~‪(~~~(5‬‬ ‫‪(~~0~~()1‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~015‬‬ ‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪015~000~~1100‬‬ ‫‪0110(10‬‬ ‫‪((100‬‬ ‫)~‪51.1()()1)1110‬‬
‫~~‪~(11.15~ ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪1((1051~015‬‬
‫‪01.1~ 10 ~0~(~)1‬‬ ‫‪510(~0‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 110~ 1001.1~1(10~~5.‬‬
‫‪(1(~ 00(111(111)1 51.1~()(~55~0‬‬ ‫(~‪0)1 111~ 5(1111~ ~~-501.100‬‬
‫‪111~ ~011(1~~ 1((1051~015‬‬
‫‪~~()11111()0(1(101‬‬
‫‪~1(~1.111, ~111~1115 1.15~0 10( 01.1/01 ()(01~~600.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 501.100~( 0~51~0 15‬‬
‫‪10 1111111111~ 01.1/01 (100‬‬ ‫~‪()~(1‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪1((1051~015‬‬ ‫‪~111110‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111(1)(11111.1111‬‬
‫‪((1110~5.‬‬ ‫‪5~-‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪1~011.1111 0100~5‬‬

‫‪~1.1((~01‬‬
‫(‪10‬‬
‫~‬

‫~‪()(01~~60‬‬
‫‪(~()1.11(~0.‬‬
‫‪(100 ~(1(1510(5‬‬
‫~‪1(151-(1~110‬‬
‫‪()(01~~1100‬‬ ‫(~‪1.100‬‬
‫‪1((1051510(5‬‬
‫‪~(10 0~ 1.15~0 10( 1((1051~01‬‬
‫‪11.15~ 15 00(111(111)1 ~000~~1~0‬‬
‫‪1(11.111~00016005.‬‬
‫‪(100‬‬ ‫(~‪0111‬‬ ‫‪()(01~~1100‬‬
‫‪10 5~(1~5‬‬
‫‪1-10~~~~(,‬‬
‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪51.1()()(~55100.‬‬
‫~~‪~1111 ~(1~11 0~~1‬‬
‫~‪11.15~5 111(1)1 001 0‬‬
‫‪111~(105, (~.~.,‬‬
‫)(‪(1 ~(0~0(1‬‬
‫(‪10‬‬ ‫‪0~~(-‬‬
‫~‪(10~()1.1(11‬‬
‫~‪111(1)1 0‬‬

‫‪5~1111~011011~10~5.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪1‬‬ ‫‪1,(1/15(1~(10/15 011‬‬

‫‪1. ~. ~~~11~~(1~,‬‬ ‫~~~‪..0~11111111115111100~~510~ ~0‬‬
‫‪503-510.‬‬
‫‪1110-1(5(,)1 ,41111/1~(1(10115, ~01. 1~8, ~0. 5, 1972,‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪2. ~. ~~~11~~(1~,‬‬ ‫~‪..5~1~~11011 01 5111100~~ (1110 ~1(1111~5 10 0~111111~~ 1/1~ 0~51/1,11 011~(11151510‬‬
‫‪5~11~/1111/1,~011~~~1~~5.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪1‬‬ ‫‪1,(1/15(1~(10/15 0/11/10-1(5(,)1,41111/1~(1(10115, ~01. 1~16, ~0. 4,‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1980, ~~. 513-523.‬‬

‫~~~‪~011~~~1~~5.,, 1‬‬ ‫‪1110-1(5(,)1 0~11~,(1/‬‬
‫~‪3. ). 13. ~1~~, ..0~51/1,11 015111100~~ ~1~~1111510~ 1/1~~1510‬‬
‫‪,41111/1~(1(10115 ~0/1/~,~11~~ ~~~0,0-,‬‬ ‫‪1969, ~~.‬‬ ‫‪485-489.‬‬
‫~~~‪..~ 5111100~~ ~01111/1,11~(11101110~ 001/1 ~0‬‬ ‫‪1~(11151510~5 (1110 010‬‬ ‫~~~‬
‫‪4. 1. 0110~1(1110,‬‬
‫~~~‪111~~~1~~.,, 1‬‬ ‫‪~011/~, ~/~~(,0/11(5‬‬ ‫‪511~6(1/15( ~011/~,~/1~~,‬‬ ‫‪1984, ~~. 42-53.‬‬

‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪~. 0. 51~~11 (1110 ). 0. ~. ~~/(,‬‬ ‫~~‪..51110~ (1110 (1~~11~(111011 0111011-1111~(1~ 111~11-011 5111100‬‬
‫‪10~ ~0~~~ ~1~~1~0111~5 5~11~/1~5.,,‬‬ ‫~~~‪1‬‬ ‫‪1,(1/15(1~(10/15 0/1 1/10-1(5(1)1,41111/1~(1(/0/15, ~01. 1~22,‬‬
‫‪~0. 3, 1986, ~~. 471-477.‬‬

‫‪541‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪6. ~.‬‬ ‫‪~.-1~/11 (1110~. (1. ~~~0~.-~,‬‬‫‪~/~~(,.1~ ~1-/5~5. 1.,0110011=~~1~.- ~~.-~~.-1111181.,10., 1984.‬‬
‫‪7. ~.‬‬ ‫‪~. 1-10~~, ~. (1. ~~~0~.-~,‬‬ ‫‪(1110~.‬‬
‫~‪~. ~11.-8~, ..0‬‬
‫‪1118111~1118~1111~011011~10.-‬‬ ‫‪~1.-~11118.,,‬‬
‫~~~‪/‬‬ ‫‪1,.01150~(10115011 /11()1-/5(,.)1.4~~/1~0(10115, ~01. 1~22, ~0. 3, 1986,‬‬
‫‪~~. 483-489.‬‬
‫‪~~~1111~.-8, 5~/111(0/10-/1((0,. ~~~ ,4~~1/((1//0115 1-/(1/111000/( (~0. 1-11350). ~1‬‬
‫‪8. 1111~.-11(111011(11‬‬
‫‪5~~1.11100, ~(1111. 1111~.-11(111011(11‬‬
‫‪~~~116~.-8,‬‬ ‫‪1972.‬‬
‫=‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪15-1.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(11‬‬ ‫‪18 (1 /1~(11 8111)(7‬‬

‫‪15-2.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(1118‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ ~1~~1.-1~(11 (111(1~0~ 01 /1~(111.-(11181~.- 1.-0111 (1‬‬

‫‪~0~~.-‬‬ ‫‪8~1111~011011~10.- 0~~1~~7‬‬
‫‪15-3.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(11‬‬ ‫‪(1.-~ 1/1~ ~.-~~(111110118 10 0~ 1(1)(~11‬‬
‫~~‪111 111011111111~(1 0~~1‬‬ ‫‪011 (1 /1~(11 8111)(7‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪15-4.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(1118‬‬ ‫‪(1 /1~(11 ~1~~7‬‬

‫‪15-5.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(11‬‬ ‫‪(1.-~ 1/1~ (10~(1111(1~~8 (1110 018(10~(1111(1~~8‬‬ ‫‪01 /1~(11‬‬

‫‪~1~~87‬‬
‫‪15-6.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(11‬‬ ‫‪(1.-~ 1/1~ (10~(1111(1~~8 (1110 018(10~(1111(1~~8‬‬ ‫‪01 ~(11~.-‬‬ ‫‪~001111~7‬‬

‫‪15-7.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(11‬‬ ‫‪(1.-~ 1/1~ (10~(1111(1~~8 (1110 018(10~(1111(1~~8‬‬ ‫‪01 011 ~001111~7‬‬

‫‪15-8.‬‬ ‫~‪~/1‬‬ ‫~‪181111~~~88(1.-‬‬ ‫‪10 0~1~.-111111~ 1/1~ 11181(1111(111~01.18‬‬

‫‪)1111~110111~111~~.-(111.1.-~ 01 (1 0~~1~~7‬‬
‫‪15-9.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(1118‬‬ ‫‪(1 ~01(1.-12~0‬‬ ‫‪8111.100~.-7‬‬
‫‪15-10.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(11‬‬ ‫‪18 (1 11011~01(1.-12~0‬‬ ‫‪8111100~.-7‬‬
‫‪15-11.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(1118‬‬ ‫~‪1/1~ ~(1118~ 01 .-~~~.-8‬‬ ‫~‪.-~~0~~.-‬‬ ‫‪1.-(11181~111~011(1~~7‬‬

‫‪15-12.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(11‬‬ ‫~~ ‪18 1/1~ 1~~1~(11 ~(1111~ 01 0(1111~111~ 1(1~10.- 10.-‬‬ ‫‪8111100~.-7‬‬

‫‪15-13.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(11‬‬ ‫‪(1.-~ 111~ ~011810~.-(1110118 10.- 1/1~ 0~81~11 01 0~1111111111~~-5111100~.-‬‬ ‫‪~0111~011~11157‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪15-14.‬‬
‫‪15-15.‬‬
‫‪15-16.‬‬
‫‪15-17.‬‬
‫‪~/1(11‬‬

‫‪~/1(11‬‬

‫‪~/1(11‬‬

‫‪~/1(11‬‬
‫~‪18 1/1~ ~(1118~ 0110(10-510‬‬

‫~‪15 1/1~ ~(1118~ 01 511~~1~-810‬‬

‫‪1.-(11151~111~011(1~~57‬‬

‫‪1.-(11151~111~011(1~~5 7‬‬

‫‪(1.-~ 1/1~ ~/1(1.-(1~1~.-1511~5 01 8~1~111111110100~57‬‬

‫‪(1.-~ 1/1~ (10~(1111(1~~8 (1110 015(10~(1111(1~~5‬‬ ‫~~‪01 8~1~1111.1111~011(1‬‬ ‫‪811~~.-~55~.-57‬‬

‫‪15-18.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(11‬‬ ‫‪(1.-~ 1/1~ ~/1(1.-(1~1~.-1511~5 01 ~(1.-1510.-57‬‬

‫‪15-19.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(11‬‬ ‫‪(1.-~ 1/1~ (10~(1111(1~~5 (1110 015(10~(1111(1~~8‬‬ ‫~~‪01 ~(1.-1810.-8 111 ~011(1‬‬ ‫‪511~.-~58101187‬‬

‫‪15-20.‬‬ ‫‪~11(1115‬‬ ‫‪(1 111~11111~11111~ 01 (1 11.18~7‬‬

‫‪15-21.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(11‬‬ ‫‪18 (111 (1.-~111~ 11111~ 01 (1 1115~7‬‬

‫‪15-22.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(11‬‬ ‫‪18 (1 ~)~(1.-111~ 11111~ 01 (1 11.15~7‬‬

‫‪15-23.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11‬‬ ‫~~‪15 (1 ~.-05~~~11‬‬ ‫‪1(11111~11‬‬ ‫‪~1117‬‬

‫‪15-24.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(11‬‬ ‫‪(1.-~ 1/1~ ~011510~.-(1110118 111 5~1~~1111~ (1‬‬
‫‪1118~ 10.- (1 8~1111~011011~10.- 0~~1~~7‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪15-25.‬‬ ‫‪~11(11‬‬ ‫‪15 (1 ~.-0~0(1.-7‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪15-26.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(11‬‬ ‫‪(1.-~ 1/1~ ~.-001~1118‬‬ ‫~‪01 ~.-01~~1111‬‬ ‫‪01~01(1.-‬‬ ‫‪1.-(11151810.-5‬‬

‫‪0~ 1118~87‬‬
‫‪15-27.‬‬ ‫‪~/1(11‬‬ ‫‪(1.-~ 1/1~ ~.-001~1118‬‬ ‫‪011118111~ 0~ ~1.-~1.11187‬‬

‫‪15-1.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0~~.-‬‬ ‫~~~‪1088 111(1111~ 1/1~.-1510.-, 1‬‬ ‫‪53088,‬‬ ‫‪15 8/10~11 111~1~. ~15-1.‬‬ ‫~‪~101 1/1‬‬
‫~~‪11181(1111(111~0118)1111~11011 1~111~~.-(1111.-~ .-15~ (100‬‬ ‫‪~(18~.‬‬

‫‪542‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1500‬‬

‫‪1000‬‬

‫‪500‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪15-2.‬‬ ‫(~~‪10.~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪1055 111 311 1~ 10.~(1510(, 1~~~ 530~~,‬‬ ‫‪15 50.0~11 111 ~1~. ~15-2.‬‬ ‫~‪~101 10.‬‬
‫‪111513111311~0115)1111~110111~(11~~(3111(~ (15~ 300.,,~ 10.~ ~35~ 1~(11~~(3111(~.‬‬ ‫‪(1-///1(.. ~~-‬‬
‫)‪~(0)(1(1131~ 0~ 11.,,~ (~~1311~1113( ~1115~5 01 ~()1131 011(311011.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪2000‬‬

‫‪1500‬‬

‫‪1000‬‬

‫‪500‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫‪15-3.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ ~11((~111 ~3.,,~10((11 10.(011~0. 311 1~ 10.~(1510(, 1~~~ 530~~,‬‬ ‫‪15 50.0~11 111~1~. 14-20.‬‬
‫~‪())) 111513111311~0115)1111~110111~(11~~(3111(~ (15‬‬
‫(~~‪~10110.~ (3) ~0‬‬ ‫‪1055 3~31115111(11~, 3110‬‬
‫‪300.,,~ ~35~.‬‬ ‫(~~‪(1-///1(.. ~5511(11~ ~0‬‬ ‫)‪1055 011(111~ 111(11-011 3110 111(11-011 35 (~~1311~1~5.‬‬
‫‪30 ~ 3110 10.~ ~1(~1111‬‬
‫‪15-4.‬‬ ‫= ‪10.~ (~~0.,,~(~ ~11((~111 01 3 0~.,,1~~ 35 50.0~11111 ~1~. 15-12 15 /,,‬‬
‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪-.,,,. 111115 11~~~553(~ 10‬‬
‫‪111011~1311~~ 15 ~ = 20‬‬ ‫= ‪1-1. 10.~ 111~111.,,0113~~ 15 1/,‬‬
‫)‪(3‬‬
‫~‪1/(1111 10.~ ~~3/( 1(31151~111 .,,0113~~ 10 1.8 11(11~5 10.~ 111~111.,,0113~~, 0~1~((11111~ 10.‬‬
‫(~‪())) 0~11(1111(11 03(11~111~ 13~10(, 1)0~ (~) 5111100‬‬
‫~‪0~11(1111(11 .,,3111~ 01 ~11((~111 (3110, (/0‬‬
‫)~(‬ ‫~~‪3.,,~(3‬‬ ‫~(‪(/1)/(/‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫‪(0‬‬ ‫‪11111131‬‬ ‫~‪(~.,,~(5‬‬
‫‪~3~3~11311~~,‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫(~‪((1) 5111100‬‬ ‫‪(~5151311~~,‬‬ ‫~~‬

‫‪.,,0113~~.‬‬
‫‪10 ~ 3110 10.~ ~1(~1111‬‬
‫‪15-5.‬‬ ‫= ‪10.~ (~~0.,,~(~ ~11((~111 01 3 0~.,,1~~ 35 50.0~11 111~1~. 15-12 15 /,,‬‬
‫‪200‬‬ ‫~~‪-.,,,. 10.~ 5111100~( (~5151311‬‬
‫= ~ ‪111011~1311~~15‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪1-1.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫~~‪111~111.,,0113‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪1/,‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪15 ~ = 2 0 3110 5111100~( ~3~3~11311~~ 15 ~ = 50‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫~‪))~1~((11111~ 10.~ (3) 03(11~111‬‬
‫~)‪(3110, 1‬‬ ‫)))(‬ ‫~‪~~3/( 1(31151~111 .,,0113~~, 1//,‬‬ ‫)~(‬ ‫‪~11((~111‬‬ ‫‪(3110,‬‬ ‫‪(/~ ((1) 3.,,~(3~~ (/1)/(/(~ 3110‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪(~) 11111131(~.,,~(5‬‬ ‫‪.,,0113~~.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪15-6.‬‬ ‫(~‪~11 ~~-5111100‬‬ ‫= ~ ‪~1(~1111 35 50.0~11111 ~1~. 15-11~ 0.35‬‬

‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪~, ~ = 4.50,‬‬ ‫~‪3110 10.‬‬
‫‪-.,,,. 10.~ ~1(~1111111011~1311~~ 15 ~ = 20‬‬ ‫~‪1-1. ))~1~((11111~ 10.‬‬
‫‪111~111.,,0113~~ 15 1/, = 220‬‬
‫‪(3) ~~3/( 10(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪.,,0113~~, 1/,, ~ ())) 11111131(/1)/ (/(~ 3110 (~) (113)(1(1111(11(/1)/(/(.‬‬

‫‪15-7.‬‬ ‫(~‪~11 ~~-5111100‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111 35 50.0~11 111 ~1~. 15-11~ 0.35 3 ~1(~1111 111011~1311~~ 01 ~ = 20‬‬
‫‪-.,,,. 1111 15 11~~~553(~ 10 1/(1111 10.~ (113)(1(1111(11‬‬
‫‪1-1. 10.~ 111~111.,,0113~~, 1/, = 200‬‬
‫‪-.,,,/‬‬ ‫‪(3) 5111100~( ~3~3~11311~~,‬‬
‫‪(/1)/(/( 1020‬‬ ‫~‪5 3110 03(11~111~ 13~10( 151) = 0.4, 0~1~((11111~ 10.‬‬
‫‪())) 5111100~( (~5151311~~, ~.‬‬
‫‪~~ 3110‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪1-1.‬‬
‫‪15-8.‬‬ ‫(~‪~11 ~~-5111100‬‬ ‫= ~ ‪~1(~1111 35 50.0~11111 ~1~. 15-11~ 0.35 ~1(~1111111011~1311~~ 01‬‬
‫‪-.,,,. 1111 15 11~~~553(~ 10 1/(111110.~ ~~3/( .,,0113~~ 10 1.5‬‬
‫‪10.~ 111~111.,,0113~~, 1/, = 220‬‬

‫‪543‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪11111~51/1~ 111~1.11,,,0113~~, 3110 1/1~ 03111~111~ 13~10(,‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬

‫‪= 9500,‬‬ ‫(~‪0~1~(111111~ 1/1~ (3) 5111.100‬‬
‫‪~3~3~11311~~,‬‬ ‫‪~~ 3110 (/)) 5111.100~( (~5151311~~, ~.‬‬
‫(‪15-9. ~ ~3~3~110‬‬ ‫‪15 ~01111~~1~0 10 1/1~ 5~~01103()1‬‬ ‫‪01 311 111~1.111(311510(111~( 35 5/10~11 111~1~.‬‬
‫‪15-163,‬‬ ‫‪~11/12~(0‬‬ ‫‪03111~111~ (~5151311~~.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 5~~01103()1 ,,,0113~~,‬‬
‫‪~5 = 208 ~, 60 1-12,‬‬
‫‪3110 1/1~ 1113~11~112111~11101.1~1311~~(~1~((~0‬‬ ‫‪10 1/1~ 5~~01103()115 ~~,‬‬
‫~‪= 3.5 1111-1. 111/1‬‬
‫= ‪111~1.1151.1~~1)110 1/1~ 1(311510(111~( ~(11113()1 15 015~01111~~1~0 31 311 311~1~ 01 8‬‬
‫‪1200 01‬‬
‫‪1/1~ 111~1.113~ ,,,0113~~, 0~1~(111111~ 1/1~ (3) 11111131~3~3~110( ,,,311.1~,‬‬
‫~‪~0~ (/)) 1113~11~112111‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111, 10~ 3110 (~) ~3~3~110( ,,,3)1.1~ 10 11111111/1~1113)(11111.1111‬‬
‫~~‪1(31151~111 ~3~3~110( ,,,0113‬‬
‫‪10 ~,, = 350 ~.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪15-10.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.111111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪15-18‬‬ ‫‪/135 3 1030‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111 011‬‬
‫~ ‪10‬‬ ‫~~‪3110 1/1~ ~1(~1.11111101.1~1311‬‬
‫~‬ ‫=‬
‫~ ‪15‬‬ ‫‪= 50 /1-1-1. 1/1~ 111~1.11,,,0113~~ 15 0~ ~11/1 ~5 = 200~.‬‬ ‫~~‪1/1~ 5111.100~( (~5151311‬‬
‫~ ‪15 ~ = 1.5 0 3110 5111.100~( ~3~3~11311~~ 15‬‬
‫‪= 50 /1-~. 111/1~ 1030 15 015~01111~~1~0,‬‬
‫‪0~1~(111111~ 1/1~ (3) 03111~111~ 13~10(, 8~ 3110 (/)) ~~3/( 1(31151~111 ,,,0)13~~, ~,,.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪15-11.‬‬ ‫‪5~1~1111.11110100~5‬‬ ‫‪3(~ 1.15~0 10 ~(01~~1‬‬ ‫~‪3 1/1(~~-~/135‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1.11135 5/10~11 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪15-20~.‬‬
‫~‪1/1~ 1/1(~~-~/135‬‬ ‫‪,,,0113~~ 15 208 ~, 601-12.‬‬ ‫~‪111/1~ ,,,0113~~ 01 ~3~/1 ~~1115 25 ~, 0~1~(111111‬‬
‫‪1/1~ 111.11110~(01 0100~5.‬‬
‫‪15-12.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫‪1030‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111‬‬ ‫~‪31 1/1~ 0~~11111111‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪3 131.111 111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪15-29‬‬ ‫‪15 10‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪10~.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫~‪3‬‬
‫~~‪,,,0)13‬‬ ‫‪15 208‬‬ ‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪60 1-12.‬‬ ‫~‪10.‬‬ ‫~~‪(~5151311‬‬ ‫~‪3110 11101.1~1311~~ 011/1‬‬ ‫~(‪131.111 ~1(~1.111 3‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫=‬
‫~ ‪5 1111-13110‬‬ ‫‪= 1.5 0, (~5~~~11,,,~1)1.‬‬ ‫‪111/1~ 131.1110~~1.1(5 31 311 311~1~ 01 8‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪450,‬‬
‫‪0~1~(111111~ 1/1~ ~~3/( ,,,311.1~01 ~(05~~~11,,,~ ~1.1((~111111 1/1~ 11(51 /1311-~)1~1~.‬‬
‫‪15-13.‬‬ ‫‪1(~~~31‬‬ ‫‪~(00.‬‬ ‫‪15-12‬‬ ‫~ ‪11‬‬
‫‪= 0.‬‬
‫‪15-14.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ ~1.1((~1111/1(01.1~/1 3 11.15~15 5/10~11111 ~1~. ~15-14.‬‬ ‫(‪1/1~ 10131 /2‬‬
‫‪011/1~ 11.15~15 5400‬‬
‫‪~25.‬‬ ‫~( ‪111/1~ 3(~111~ 11111~,‬‬ ‫‪0.15‬‬ ‫‪3110‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫~‪111~11111‬‬
‫‪11111~,‬‬ ‫‪(,,,‬‬
‫=‬ ‫~‪= 0.05 5, 0~1~(111111~ 1/1‬‬
‫‪~~3/( 1~1-1/1(01.1~/1 ~1.1((~111, 1,,.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪15-15.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 1030 ~1.1((~111111~1~. 15-32 15 10 = 0~.‬‬ ‫‪1/1~ 0~ 111~1.11‬‬
‫‪,,,0113~~15 ~,‬‬
‫~ ‪1/1~ 131.111~1(~1.111/135 311 11101.1~1311~~01‬‬
‫‪= 220 ~.‬‬
‫‪= 2 1111-13110 11~~11~10)~ (~5151311~~.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬
‫‪10131 /~( 011/1~ 11.15~ 15 4500 ~25.‬‬ ‫~‪1/1‬‬ ‫‪3(~111~ 11111~ 15 1.5 11111~5 1/1~ 111~11111~11111~.‬‬
‫(‪1)~1~(111111~ 1/1~ (3) 111~11111~11111~, (,,,~ (/)) ~1~3(111~ 11111~, (0~ 3110 (~) ~~3/‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪1~1-1/1(01.1~/1‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111, 1,,.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪544‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪10 3 510~1~-~1135‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~1(~1.111 35 5110~0‬‬

‫‪~11~(~ 2 = (~2 + %2)1/23006‬‬

‫(‬
‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬

‫~‪11‬‬
‫()) ‪= ~ +‬‬

‫‪= 130-1 (%/~).‬‬

‫~‬ ‫=‬
‫‪~-13,‬‬

‫‪~/~-6‬‬

‫‪111~05 6‬‬
‫‪111~ ~1.1((~0115‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫(~~‪111~ ~0‬‬
‫‪~)(~(~55~0‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫‪~30 0~ ~01.100~(0(0‬‬
‫)‪(~-1‬‬

‫)‪(~-2‬‬

‫‪~11~(~ ~05 6 15 ~311~0 111~~0~€,. /(1~(0,., 300 6, ~111~1115 111~ 30~1~ 0~ 111~ 1030‬‬
‫‪1(0~~030~~, 15 /(00~0 35 111~~0~€,. /(1~(0,. (111/5/€.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫)‪-‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫‪0‬‬
‫‪(..899~.,9,‬‬
‫‪~/‬‬
‫‪0~ (..880~.,9.~/‬‬
‫‪(0) ~/1850~ 0~89~801‬‬

‫‪...1~0..~ ~-1‬‬ ‫‪510~1~-~/185~ ~1(~(111.‬‬

‫‪545‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~‬
‫‪(0) ~~0150~ 0~019~01,,,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪~ 111(~~-()11(15‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111 ~0051515‬‬ ‫~~(‪01111‬‬ ‫‪510115010(11 ~011(1~~5‬‬ ‫‪01 ~()11(11 01(1~011110~5‬‬
‫‪(100‬‬ ‫‪111~ ()11(15~ (10~1~5‬‬ ‫‪0~1~~~0‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1001~1011(11‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~5‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 1200.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~-~000~~1~0‬‬
‫‪10(10 ~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 (1 111(~~-()11(15‬‬ ‫~~(‪5011‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪~-2(1.‬‬ ‫~‪11111~ 111(~~ ()11(15‬‬
‫‪~011(1~~5‬‬ ‫~(‪(1‬‬

‫‪~(1‬‬ ‫~‪~/1‬‬

‫‪~ /0‬‬ ‫‪~/1 / - 1200‬‬

‫~~‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~/1‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪-2400‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪111~ 110~-10-110‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~5‬‬

‫‪~(1/0‬‬

‫~‪~/0‬‬
‫=‬
‫=‬
‫‪~(1‬‬

‫‪~/0‬‬
‫~(‪(1‬‬

‫‪-‬‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫‪~/0‬‬

‫~~‬ ‫‪=0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~/1 /300‬‬

‫‪~/1 / -900‬‬
‫=‬
‫=‬
‫‪~~ /300‬‬

‫‪~~ / -900‬‬

‫‪~~(1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~(1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪011/1‬‬ ‫‪/ -2100‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~~ / -2100‬‬
‫~‪111115 (1 110~-10-110‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫‪~~,‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪1101~5‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫~‪(1 ()11(15‬‬ ‫‪~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫‪11/1.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫~~(‪111‬‬
‫‪110~ ~11((~015,‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 (1(~ 111~ 5(101~ (15 ()11(15~ ~11((~015,‬‬ ‫~(‪(1‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~(1‬‬ ‫‪~/1‬‬

‫‪((1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪28‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪-6(1‬‬
‫~‪(1‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪11/1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(/0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪/-1200‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪6/0‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪2/0‬‬ ‫‪2/0‬‬

‫= ~‪1‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫=‬

‫‪~/1‬‬
‫‪/ -2400‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫~‪6‬‬
‫~‪2‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪2‬‬

‫(~~‪111~ 10()111 ()0‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 10(10 15‬‬

‫= ‪/1‬‬ ‫‪~(1/(1 ~05‬‬ ‫‪6(1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~/0//0‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬ ‫‪6/0‬‬ ‫~)~ ‪+‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬ ‫~‪6‬‬ ‫)‪(~-3‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪(1 0(11(10~~0‬‬ ‫‪511()()1)1, ~(1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~/0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪11‬‬ ‫‪= ~/1, ~(). (~-3) 0~~001~5‬‬
‫‪/1 = 11/1(/(1~05 6(1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪//0 ~05‬‬ ‫‪6/0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)~‪/~ ~05 6‬‬

‫‪546‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~0( 1101111111~~0‬‬
‫‪10110, 2,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪2/‬‬ ‫‪= 2~ = 2, 8,,‬‬
‫)‪= 1,, = 11--,~~. (~-4‬‬ ‫‪0~~0(11~5‬‬
‫‪~ = 3~,,1,, ~05 8‬‬

‫‪~1--‬‬
‫‪3011--‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪= .~3~1--11--‬‬
‫‪/1‬‬ ‫‪~05 8‬‬ ‫)‪(~-5‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪~-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10110 15 5110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪~-311,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪111~ 1111~ ~01111~~5‬‬ ‫~‪11(~ 111‬‬
‫‪511(11~ 115 111~ 1111115~ ~01111~~5.‬‬ ‫~‪11111‬‬ ‫‪111(~~ 1111115~ ~01111~~5‬‬ ‫~(‪11‬‬

‫‪~1--‬‬ ‫~ ‪~ = ~,,‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪111~ 111(~~ 1111115~-~0((~1115‬‬ ‫~ ~(‪11‬‬
‫‪~ 1--/ - 1200 = ~,, / - 1200‬‬

‫‪~1--/ -2400 = ~,, / -2400‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~,,‬‬ ‫‪~1--‬‬

‫= )‪1,,/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪8,, = 1,, /‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪8,,‬‬
‫~‪~,,‬‬ ‫‪2 ,,‬‬ ‫‪/ -‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪-1,, = -1,,/) - -1~,,= 01,,‬‬ ‫‪/-300‬‬ ‫‪- 8,, = 11--/-300‬‬ ‫‪- 8,,‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪/ -1500‬‬ ‫‪- 8/) = 11--/ -1500‬‬ ‫)‪- 8/‬‬
‫‪1/) = 1/)~ - 1,,/) = 01,,‬‬
‫‪/-2700‬‬ ‫~‪- 8‬‬
‫~)‪1~ = 1~,, -1/‬‬ ‫‪= 01,,‬‬ ‫‪/-2700‬‬ ‫‪- 8~ = 11--‬‬
‫‪1111115~ ~0((~111.‬‬
‫‪111~(~10(~,‬‬ ‫‪111 11 ~-~01111~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪10110,‬‬ ‫‪11 1111~ ~0((~11115‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪11(11~5‬‬ ‫‪0111‬‬

‫‪547‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫(~~‪111~ 10~01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ 1030 18‬‬

‫~‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~(101(10‬‬ ‫‪~08‬‬ ‫‪8(1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~0,100‬‬ ‫‪~08 80‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~0(110(1‬‬ ‫‪~08‬‬ ‫‪80‬‬ ‫)‪(~-6‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪3 03130~~0‬‬ ‫‪80~~1)1, ~(10 = ~00 = ~0(1 = ~~,‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(~-6‬‬ ‫‪0~~0((1~8‬‬

‫)‪(~-7‬‬
‫‪~0( 3 03130~~0 1030, 2(1 = 20 = 20 = 2, 8(1‬‬
‫‪= 80 = 80 = 8, 3001(10 = 100 = 10(1‬‬
‫)‪= 1/0, ~~. (~-7‬‬ ‫‪0~~0((1~8‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~ = 3~/01/0~08 8‬‬
‫)‪(~-8‬‬
‫~ ~‪= 3‬‬
‫~‪1‬‬
‫‪~08‬‬ ‫=‪8‬‬
‫‪. 3 ~ ~1 ~ ~08‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪,,.,,-‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1-/0(~. ~~0311008‬‬ ‫)‪(~-5‬‬ ‫‪300 (~-8),‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 ~)(~(~88‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 3 111(~~-~1138‬‬
‫‪~1(~011, 3(~ 111~ 83((1~.‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪111~ 83((1‬‬
‫‪~1138~ ~0113~~8, 111~ 110~ ~0((~018‬‬ ‫‪10 3 .1-‬‬
‫‪~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫~(‪1030 3‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪11((1~8 11131 0( ~-~000~~1~0‬‬ ‫‪1030.‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪548‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪10 111~ 3(~3‬‬
‫~‪~()03110115‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(113~11~11~ (111~ 15 5110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬
‫(~‪0110‬‬ ‫‪~011510~(311011,‬‬
‫‪13-1.‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪/3‬‬
‫‪~ = ~.~0‬‬
‫‪1~ 111~ (113~11~11~ ~1~10 15 0111~0((11 3110 110((1131‬‬
‫‪3 (113~11~11~ ~1(~01115‬‬

‫~‪/3‬‬
‫‪~1/‬‬
‫‪~113(3~1~(12~0‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 111~ ~0110~111‬‬

‫)‪(13-1‬‬
‫)‪(13-2‬‬
‫)‪(13-3‬‬

‫‪~ = 1-/1= 1//‬‬ ‫)‪(13-4‬‬

‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫= ~‬ ‫‪60)(,‬‬ ‫‪~~0~(5‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪/3‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪60)( 0~11511~, ~~0~(5/(112‬‬ ‫)‪(0( 1~51(5‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1/‬‬ ‫‪= (113~11~112111~~0(~~,‬‬

‫(~‪3(11~~(~-10(115/(11~1‬‬
‫~‬ ‫=‬
‫~‪~~((11~301111‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪(113~11~11~(1131~(131‬‬
‫)‪10-7‬‬
‫‪31( (= 4,,.‬‬
‫()‬
‫= ‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪~~((11~301111‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬
‫‪~. = (~1311~~ ~~((11~301111~ 0~ 111~ (1131~(131‬‬
‫)‪~ = (113~11~10(11011~~ ~0(~~, 3(11~~(~-10(115 (~1‬‬
‫= ‪1-/‬‬ ‫(~‪110(110‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 10(115 111 111~ ~1110111‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~0((~111‬‬ ‫~‪111(00~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1110111~,‬‬ ‫‪3(11~~(~5‬‬
‫= ‪/‬‬ ‫‪1~11~111 0~ 111~ (113~11~11~ ~1(~011,‬‬ ‫‪(11~1~(5‬‬

‫‪549‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(~-5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~~~‪~0‬‬ ‫~‪1-1, 300 /, 3~~ 10~ ~3~0~11210‬‬ ‫(‪(0~~~ 300 1~0~10 0‬‬
‫‪/10 8~~1100 ~~8~~~11~~1)1,‬‬
‫~‪10~ ~~111~130~~ 0( 3 ~3~0~11‬‬ ‫~~‪~1~~111118 ~~131~0 10 10~ ~3~0~10~011‬‬ ‫~~~‪(0‬‬
‫‪300 (11)( 0)1‬‬

‫)‪(~-6‬‬

‫)‪(~-7‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~~~~‪10~ ~~~~~301111)1 0~~~008 00 10~ /3-1/ ~03~3~1~~1811~ 300 18 00~~311)1 ~11~013‬‬
‫‪1030 1031 0( 10~ 31~. ~ 1)1~1~31/3-1/‬‬
‫‪~1~. ~-2.‬‬
‫‪~03~3~1~~1811~ ~01~018 000110~3~ 18 800~0 10‬‬
‫‪~0~ 3 13~~~ ~3111~ 0( /.1, ~ 0~~0~~8‬‬
‫‪0( (11)(. ~0 31~ ~3~ 18 00~~311)1101~0011~~0‬‬
‫~‪~~~)1 8~311, ~~8111110~ 10 01~0 ~3111‬‬
‫‪10 11~1110~ 3~01101 0( (11)(,‬‬
‫‪~ ~3~0~11~ ~1~~1111~110 30 31~ ~3~ 18 800~0 10 ~1~, ~-33 300 10~ 30310~0118‬‬
‫‪~1~~1~1~ ~1~~111118 800~0 10 ~1~. ~-30.‬‬ ‫(‪10~ ~~111~130~~ 0‬‬
‫‪10~ 31~ ~3~ 18‬‬

‫)‪(~-8‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪550‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪+‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(13-9‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~11~(~ /8‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪1~11~1110~ 111~ 31( ~3‬‬
‫~‪/‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~(‪1~11~1110~ 111~ ~0‬‬
‫‪./18‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪3(~3 0~ 111~ ~(088 8~~11011 0~ 111~ 31( ~3‬‬
‫~‪./1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~(‪3(~3 0~ 111~ ~(088 8~~11011 0~ 111~ ~0‬‬

‫~~‪111~ 10131 (~10~1311‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ 1113~11~11~ ~1(~011‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫~‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~8‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫~~‬

‫~~‪11100~1311‬‬ ‫‪18 0~611~0‬‬ ‫()‪38 111~ ~0‬‬ ‫~~‪1111~3‬‬ ‫(~~ )‪(1-.‬‬ ‫‪3111~~(~,‬‬

‫=~‬ ‫~‪1-/‬‬
‫= ‪1.‬‬ ‫)‪(13-10‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~))(‪~)(301‬‬ ‫‪8-1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫)‪(13-11‬‬

‫‪111~ 113(301~1~(8‬‬ ‫‪01111~ ~0(~ 111~1~. 8-33 3(~ /8 = 1 111111,‬‬ ‫‪/0 = 30 ~111,..48 = ..40 = 5‬‬
‫‪)( 10-31112,,..,‬‬
‫‪= 350,3110/‬‬ ‫‪= 2~.‬‬ ‫‪~31~1.1131~ 111~ 11101.1~1311~~11 (3) ~, = 3500,3110‬‬
‫~(‪(0) 111~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪18 10~31, 113111~1~ ~, 18 ~~(~ 13(~~ 1~110111~ 10 111111111~.‬‬
‫()‬ ‫‪10-7‬‬ ‫‪3110 ,..,‬‬
‫‪80)1.111011‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪470‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪350.‬‬
‫‪(3) ~(0111 5~.‬‬ ‫‪(8-8),‬‬

‫‪1 )( 10-3‬‬
‫= ‪~8‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫()‬
‫‪159,155‬‬
‫()‪470‬‬ ‫‪10-7‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪10-3‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~(0111 5~.‬‬ ‫‪(8-9),‬‬

‫‪)( 10-2‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫= ‪~0‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫() ‪)( 10-7‬‬ ‫‪)( 10-3‬‬ ‫‪13,641‬‬
‫‪3500‬‬ ‫‪470‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪= 159,155 + 13,641 = 172,796‬‬

‫‪~(0111 5~. (8-11),1.‬‬ ‫‪= 3502/172,796 = 0.7111.‬‬
‫‪(0) 11 ~ = 00, ~0 = 0 3110 ~ = ~8 = 159,155,1.‬‬ ‫‪= 3502/159,155‬‬ ‫‪= 0.7711.‬‬

‫‪551‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1~ 3‬‬ ‫‪511111501031‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫)‪1‬‬

‫~ =‬ ‫‪111‬‬
‫‪5111‬‬ ‫()‪0‬‬
‫‪= -0‬‬ ‫‪~. 51110)(, 15 3~~11~0 10 10~ ~0(~ 111‬‬
‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪~-33,‬‬ ‫‪10~ 1111)( ~311 0~ ~011110 ~(0(11‬‬

‫~‪€7‬‬
‫()‪~ 111 5111 0‬‬ ‫‪= -‬‬ ‫(‪1-1 €7‬‬ ‫)‪(~-12‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫) ‪(~-13‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‬ ‫‪-0~.‬‬ ‫~‬
‫~‬
‫‪111‬‬
‫~‪-~---‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪270/1-1‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪270/1-1‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪4.44/1-1‬‬
‫)‪(~-14‬‬

‫~‪10‬‬ ‫~‪~~3‬‬ ‫‪1111)(, ~111, 0~~~1105‬‬ ‫‪011 10~ ~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪~(~()11~11~~, 3110 10~ 1111(110~( 0~ 111(115.‬‬
‫‪~()11311011‬‬ ‫)‪(~-14‬‬ ‫‪15 ~3110 1~ 10~ ~0(~ 15 1101 53111(31~0.‬‬ ‫~(‪1~ ~~3~ 1111)( 15 01~0, 10~ ~0‬‬
‫‪(113~ 53111(31~0‬‬ ‫~‪3110 10‬‬ ‫~‪1111)( ~111 1101 0‬‬ ‫‪511111501031.‬‬ ‫~‪1~ 10‬‬ ‫‪(3110‬‬ ‫~~‪0~ ~0113‬‬ ‫‪10 ~(~-‬‬
‫‪()11~11~~ 15 (11311113111~0 ~011513111,‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪1111)( ~111 (~(113111 ~011513111,‬‬ ‫‪~(0~10~0‬‬ ‫‪1031‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬
‫‪1111(110~( 0~ 111(115 15 1111~0311~~0.‬‬

‫‪~-3‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪1~ 3 5~~0110‬‬
‫~‪3110 10‬‬
‫~(‪5~~01103‬‬
‫~(‪~(1(113‬‬
‫‪~1110111~,‬‬
‫~(‪~0‬‬
‫‪~1110111~.‬‬
‫~(‪3110 5~~01103‬‬
‫‪~311~0‬‬
‫‪15 ~)(~11~0‬‬
‫‪1015‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬

‫‪15 500~11‬‬
‫‪~1110111~5,‬‬
‫‪5€~011€7(1,.)1 ~111€71118, 15 300~0‬‬
‫‪~(0(11 511111501031 ~0113~~,‬‬
‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪(~5~~~11~~1~,‬‬
‫‪~-4.‬‬
‫~‪10‬‬
‫~~‪3 ~0113‬‬
‫~‪10 10‬‬
‫~‪~111 0‬‬
‫~(‪1~ 1-1/1 3110 1-1. 3‬‬
‫~(‪~(1(113‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~,‬‬
‫~(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪111011~~0‬‬
‫~‪111(115 011 10‬‬
‫‪~/1,‬‬
‫‪111‬‬

‫‪3110 5~~-‬‬
‫~(‪01103‬‬ ‫‪~0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪~.,‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪(~131~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~3~0‬‬ ‫(~‪010‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫‪~/1 /.‬‬ ‫‪1-1/1‬‬

‫‪- = - = - = (1‬‬ ‫)‪(8-15‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪//1‬‬ ‫‪1-1.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪---.-‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫~‬

‫‪-.‬‬
‫‪1~.‬‬

‫‪- -‬‬ ‫‪-, - --‬‬

‫‪552‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪8282‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1.2)(2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫‪))(,.,,‬‬
‫‪8~.‬‬ ‫‪= ~..‬‬

‫~‪...1~..‬‬ ‫‪~.5‬‬ ‫‪8()111...31~111 ~1..~1111 011..3115-‬‬

‫‪10../11~.. .‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~()111~31~01‬‬ ‫(~‪~1(~1111 01 3 1(30810(111‬‬ ‫‪18 8110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-5,‬‬ ‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫~‪311111‬‬
‫‪~3(3111~1~(8‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫‪(~1~((~0‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ ~(11113(~.‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫(~‪(~1‬‬ ‫~(‪3 8~~0003‬‬ ‫(~‪~3(3111~1‬‬ ‫~‪10 111‬‬
‫~(‪~(11113‬‬ ‫‪810~,‬‬ ‫(~‪111~ ~3(3111~1‬‬ ‫‪18 11111111~11~0 0~ (12.‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~()111~31~01‬‬ ‫~‪~1(~1111 ~30 0‬‬
‫‪(~1~((~0‬‬ ‫~(‪10 111~ 8~~0003‬‬ ‫~‪810~ 0~ 01~1010‬‬ ‫‪311 ~3(3111~1~(8‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪~1(~111110‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪13-5‬‬
‫‪~1111 (12.‬‬ ‫‪%1‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪%2‬‬ ‫~(‪3‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 1~3~3‬‬ ‫‪(~3~130~~8‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫~(‪~(11113‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~(‪8~~0003‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~10010~8,‬‬ ‫‪(~8~~~11~~1~.‬‬ ‫‪~1 300‬‬ ‫‪~2 3(~ 111~ (~818130~~8‬‬ ‫~(‪01111~ ~(11113‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫~(‪8~~0003‬‬
‫‪~10010~,‬‬ ‫~‪%,,, 18 111~ 1113~0~11210‬‬ ‫‪(~3~130~~,‬‬ ‫‪300 ~,,, (~~(~8~018‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0(~ 1088.‬‬
‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~3(1311008‬‬ ‫‪01111~ (111)( 011~ 10 3~ ~)(~1131100‬‬ ‫‪~3118~ 1~0 1~~~8 011088~8‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫~~(‪111~ ~0‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬ ‫‪11~81~(~818‬‬ ‫‪1088,‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫‪~00~-~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪1088.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪11~81~(~818‬‬ ‫‪1088‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪~)(~(~88~0‬‬ ‫~‪~111~1(1~311‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬

‫)‪(13-16‬‬

‫‪~11~(~ /(,, 18 3 11~81~(~818 ~0081301‬‬ ‫‪~111~11 0~~~008‬‬ ‫‪00 111~ 11131~(131 300‬‬ ‫‪/3‬‬ ‫()‬ ‫~‪18 111‬‬
‫~‪~~3‬‬ ‫()‪~3111~ 01(111‬‬ ‫‪0~0811~.‬‬ ‫‪.2 18 111~ $1~10111~12‬‬ ‫‪~0081301,‬‬ ‫‪~111~111138‬‬ ‫‪3 ~3111~ 011.6‬‬
‫‪10 2.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪~00~-~11((~01‬‬ ‫‪1088 18 ~)(~(~88~0‬‬ ‫~‪~111~1(1~311‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫‪~11~(~ /(~ 18 111~ ~00~-~11((~01‬‬
‫‪~0(~ 1088 18‬‬
‫‪~0081301‬‬ ‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪0~~~008‬‬ ‫‪00 111~ 11131~(131.‬‬
‫)‪(13-17‬‬

‫‪111~ 10131‬‬

‫)‪(13-18‬‬

‫‪1-/0(~.‬‬ ‫(~‪11 3 1(30810(111‬‬ ‫‪18 0~81~0~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 0~~(31‬‬ ‫‪31 60 1-12 300‬‬ ‫‪11 18 0~~(31~0‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬
‫‪3 111~11~( 1(~()11~0~~,‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~0(~ 1088 ~11110~(~38‬‬ ‫‪81~0111~3011~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪58~.‬‬ ‫‪8-2‬‬ ‫‪553‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫(‪5~/~0/1//19 (=/.1/10~/0/15 0‬‬
‫‪00/1~8,,~8,,5‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪111~ 001~0101‬‬ ‫(~‪(1 ~011~~(1‬‬
‫~~‪(1110 111~ 111~01 ~011(1‬‬ ‫(‪(0‬‬
‫‪0~~~1105‬‬
‫‪~0((~111).‬‬
‫(~‪011111~ 5~11~11111~ ~(111~(11 01111~ ~011~~(1‬‬
‫‪8111111(1( 10 1111~(1( 5)151~111, 111~ 001~01‬‬
‫‪5~11~11~5‬‬
‫‪((0(1111111~5‬‬
‫‪01‬‬ ‫(~‪(1 ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫~‪~(111 0‬‬ ‫‪~)(~(~55~0‬‬ ‫‪111 1~(1115 01 111~ 111~01 ((0(1111111~5,‬‬ ‫‪0)1 5~~~1(0111‬‬
‫‪1110111~11~(111011.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪(1(((111~~111~111 01‬‬ ‫(~‪(1 5111~1~-~11(15~ ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~11 111 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪~-1(1.‬‬ ‫)‪1111,(6‬‬ ‫)‪(1110 1,(6‬‬ ‫‪(1(~ 111~ 111~01 ~011(1~~ (1110 ~0((~111,‬‬ ‫‪(~5~~~11~~1)1,‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~0(-‬‬
‫~‪(~5~0110111‬‬ ‫‪001~01‬‬ ‫~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~0((~111‬‬ ‫)‪(1(~ 110(6‬‬ ‫‪(111010(6),‬‬ ‫‪(~5~~~11~~1)1.‬‬ ‫‪111~ 111~01‬‬
‫‪~0010‬‬ ‫~~‪0~ ~1111~( (1 ~011(1‬‬ ‫~~(‪500‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪(1 ~0((~111‬‬ ‫‪500(~~.‬‬

‫‪~0~1399‬‬ ‫‪50(1...~9.‬‬ ‫‪~0( (1 ~011(1~~ 500(~~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 001~01‬‬ ‫~‪~011(1~~ 110(6) ~(111 0‬‬
‫‪(~1(11~0 10 111~01 ~011(1~~ 11,(6) 0)1‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫) ‪(~-1‬‬
‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫)‪5(6‬‬ ‫~‪15 111~ 5~11~11111~ 1011~11011 01111‬‬ ‫(~‪~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪(15 5110~11111‬‬ ‫‪~1~.‬‬ ‫‪~-10.‬‬ ‫)‪5(6‬‬
‫‪0~~~1105‬‬ ‫(~‪011 111~ 1)1~~ 01 ~011~~(1‬‬ ‫‪(1110 111~ ~(11111~ ~(111~(11‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪5~11~11~5.‬‬ ‫‪11 81,‬‬
‫‪82,83,‬‬ ‫‪(1110 84 (1(~ 111~ ~(11111~ 51~11(115 10( 5~11~11~5‬‬ ‫‪(21,‬‬ ‫‪(22,‬‬ ‫‪(23,‬‬ ‫‪(1110 (24,‬‬ ‫‪(~5~~~11~~1)1,‬‬
‫‪111~ 5~11~11111~ 1011~11011 15‬‬

‫)‪5(6‬‬ ‫‪= 81 -‬‬ ‫‪84 = 83 -‬‬ ‫‪82‬‬

‫‪554‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~0~1/9,19,‬‬
‫‪~-----1‬‬ ‫‪~191‬‬
‫)‪~(1(6‬‬ ‫‪01‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬ ‫‪2..‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪~194‬‬
‫‪~..‬‬ ‫‪211‬‬
‫‪~~8‬‬
‫)‪~..,0(6‬‬ ‫)‪5(6‬‬

‫‪~~..‬‬ ‫‪2..‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~02‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1..._____-1‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬
‫)~(‬ ‫‪~0~1/9,.9,‬‬ ‫‪51,~~1~,9‬‬ ‫~‪(~) 5~(1~~~~91~~~1~0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪~.(8)/,(6) = ~0(8)/0(6‬‬

‫)‪~0(8‬‬ ‫)‪/.(6‬‬
‫= )‪5(8‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(~-2‬‬
‫)‪~.(8‬‬ ‫)‪/0(8‬‬

‫)‪/.(8) = 5(8)/0(8‬‬ ‫)‪(~-3‬‬

‫‪00~~ 5(8) 15 ~00~0, ~0(8) ~30 0~ 0~1~(11110~0. ~0(8) 01 10~0 0~ 111~1030 1111~~0-‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪30~~, ~1 ~5 /0(8)~ 300 /.(6) ~30 0~ ~01100 ~(01118~. (~-3).‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪~0051301,‬‬
‫‪8.,1 50‬‬ ‫‪~8.‬‬ ‫‪10 111~ ~35~ 0~ ~11((~01 5011(~~, 111~ 10~111 ~11((~01 (~1113105‬‬
‫‪/.(8) = /. 300 111~ 0111~111~11((~01 /0(6) ~30 0~ (~131~0 10 10~111 ~11((~01 /.,‬‬

‫‪/0(8) = 5(8)/.‬‬ ‫)‪(~-4‬‬

‫)‪~0(6)/0(8) = ~.(8)/.(8‬‬

‫)‪~.(8) = 5(6)~0(6‬‬ ‫)‪(~-5‬‬

‫)‪~.(8‬‬ ‫)‪/0(6‬‬
‫= )‪5(8‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(~-6‬‬
‫)‪~0(8‬‬ ‫)‪/.(6‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪111~ 5~11~1110‬‬ ‫‪~110~1100‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 3 510~1~-~1135‬‬ ‫~~‪~1111-0(10‬‬ ‫(~‪10 ~(1‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪8-23,‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~0‬‬
‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪~-2.‬‬ ‫‪1~ 81 300‬‬ ‫~‪84 3(~ 111~ ~3110‬‬ ‫‪51~0315‬‬ ‫‪~0( 5~11~11~5‬‬ ‫‪(21 300‬‬ ‫‪(24, (~5~~~11‬‬ ‫‪~1~,‬‬

‫‪555‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~91‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫(‪1‬‬

‫‪~194‬‬
‫‪/‬‬
‫(‪1‬‬
‫)‪8(9‬‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫(‪1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪..1~11..~ ~.2‬‬ ‫‪5~1((1110~ 1110((100 01 510-‬‬
‫‪-1‬‬ ‫‪~1~-))11~5~ 11111-0(10~~ 10.,,~((~(.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪=1‬‬ ‫‪~0( 0 ~ 8 ~ 10‬‬

‫‪=- 1‬‬ ‫‪~0( 10 ~ 8 ~ 210‬‬

‫‪1~ /0 15 111~ ~1100(101~01(11‬‬ ‫~~‪~(~()11~0‬‬ ‫‪0~ 111~ 10~~(1~(,‬‬

‫‪8‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫())(‬

‫=‬ ‫(‪210/0‬‬ ‫)‪(~-7‬‬

‫‪00‬‬
‫‪.4‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪5(8) = 20 +‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪8,, = -‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫(‪1‬‬
‫_‬ ‫~‬
‫‪,,-1,2,...‬‬
‫‪(.4,,‬‬

‫‪10 5(8) 510~8 (/8 = -~10‬‬

‫‪~05 ~8‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫)‪+ 8,, 510~8‬‬

‫~ (‪~0‬‬ ‫‪= 1, 3, ...‬‬

‫)‪(~-8‬‬

‫‪011~ 10 11(11~-~(1~~5~0101~1(~, .40 = .4,, = 0.‬‬

‫~‪8110511111110‬‬‫‪.40, .4,,, (1008,, 10 ~(). (~-8) ~1~105‬‬
‫‪00‬‬

‫)‪5(8‬‬ ‫‪= -4‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪510 ~8‬‬

‫)‪(~-9‬‬
‫‪10 ,,=1,3,5,...‬‬ ‫~‬

‫)‪1~ 111~ 10~111 ~011(1~~, ~111~1115 0~, 15 ~,(8‬‬ ‫‪= ~5, ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(~-1‬‬ ‫~~‪~1~~5 111~ 0111~111~011(1‬‬
‫‪(15‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(~-10‬‬

‫‪~111~1115‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5(101~ (15 ~().‬‬ ‫‪(8-9).‬‬ ‫(‪~0‬‬ ‫~~(‪(1 111(~~ ~11(15~ ~011(1~~-5011‬‬ ‫(~‪10~~(1‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬
‫‪8-5,‬‬ ‫)‪111~(~ (1(~ 111(~~ 5~11~1110~ ~110~6005~ 51(8‬‬ ‫)‪81 - 84,52(8‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪= 83 - 86, (100‬‬
‫‪53(8) = 85 - 82.‬‬ ‫~‪111~(~ ~111 0~ 111(~~ 110~-10-110~ 0111~111~011(1~~5~0((~5~00010‬‬
‫)‪10 111(~~ 5~11~1110~ ~011(1~~5, 0(101~1~ ~,,0(8‬‬ ‫‪= 51(8)~,(8), ~0~(8) = 52(8)~,(8), (100‬‬
‫‪~~,,(8) = 53(8)~,(8).‬‬

‫‪556‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪111~ 5~11~1110~ ~110~1100 0~ 3 510~1~-~1135~ 0(1~~~ (~~11~1~( 15 111~ 53111~ 35 11131 0~ 111‬‬
‫‪510~1~-~1135~ ~1111-0(1~~~ 10~~(1~(.‬‬ ‫‪1~ 111~ 10~111 ~0113~~ 15 ~((8) = ~,,, 510 8, ~()5.‬‬
‫‪(~-1) 30~ (~-9) ~1~~ 111~ 0111~111 ~0113~~ 35‬‬

‫) ‪(~-11‬‬

‫‪4~,,,‬‬
‫~‬ ‫‪~05‬‬ ‫‪(11‬‬ ‫‪- 1)8 -‬‬ ‫‪~05 (11‬‬ ‫‪+ 1)8‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫=‬ ‫)‪(~-12‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪,,~1,3,5,...‬‬ ‫‪211‬‬

‫‪2~,,,‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫‪= - 10 ( 1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬ ‫‪28 + -3‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬ ‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪- ~05‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪48‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫)‪. . .‬‬
‫‪+ -‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬ ‫‪48 - - ~05 68 + - ~05 68 - - ~05 88 +‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪577‬‬
‫‪2~,,,‬‬ ‫‪~~05‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‬ ‫)‪. . .‬‬
‫‪28 -‬‬ ‫‪48 -‬‬ ‫‪68‬‬
‫‪(1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬ ‫‪~05‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬
‫‪2~,,, _ 4~,,,‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪10,,,‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫‪~052 2/118‬‬
‫‪1 4/11‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫)‪(~-13‬‬

‫‪~()1131100‬‬ ‫)‪(~-13‬‬ ‫‪15 111~ 53111~ 35 ~().‬‬ ‫‪(2-63).‬‬ ‫‪111~ 11(51 ~3(1 0~ ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(~-13‬‬ ‫~‪15 111‬‬
‫~~‪3~~(3‬‬ ‫~‪0111~111 ~0113~~ 30~ 111~ 5~~00‬‬ ‫‪~3(1 15 111~ (1~~1~ ~0051301‬‬ ‫‪00 111~ 0111~111‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪~0113~~.‬‬
‫(‪~0‬‬
‫)‪3(~ 51(8‬‬
‫‪3 111(~~-~1135~ (~~11~1~( 10 ~1~5. 2-183 30~ 4-93, 111~ 5~11~1110~ ~110~11005‬‬
‫‪= 81 - 84, 52(8) = 83 - 86, 30~ 53(8) = 85 - 82. 1~ 111~ 111(~~ 10~111‬‬
‫‪~1135~ ~0113~~5 3(~ ~(1,,(8),‬‬ ‫‪~0,,(8),‬‬ ‫‪30~ ~~,,(8),‬‬ ‫‪111~ 0111~111 ~0113~~ 0~~0111~5‬‬
‫) ‪(~-14‬‬

‫~‪111~ 5~11~1110‬‬ ‫‪~110~1100‬‬ ‫~‪0~ 3 510~1~-~1135‬‬ ‫~~~‪~1111-0(1‬‬ ‫(~‪10~~(1‬‬ ‫‪~1111 51011501~31‬‬ ‫‪~1115~-‬‬
‫‪~1~1111110~11131100‬‬ ‫)~~~‪(5‬‬ ‫‪15 5110~0‬‬ ‫‪10 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪~-3.‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~3110‬‬ ‫~~‪~1115~5 3(~ ~~0~(31‬‬
‫~‪3(~ 111~ ~3110‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪~0111~3(10‬‬ ‫~‪3 ~0510‬‬ ‫~~‪~3‬‬ ‫(‪~1111 1(130~1113‬‬ ‫‪~1115~5.‬‬ ‫‪1~ 81 30~ 84‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪51~0315‬‬ ‫‪~0( 5~11~11~5‬‬ ‫‪(21‬‬ ‫~‪30‬‬ ‫‪(24, (~5~~~11~~1~,‬‬ ‫‪111~ 5~11~1110~ ~110~1100 15‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪00‬‬
‫‪./1‬‬
‫~_ ‪5(8) = 20 +‬‬ ‫)‪(./1,, ~05 118 + 8,, 510 118‬‬ ‫)‪(~-15‬‬
‫‪,,-1,2,...‬‬

‫‪557‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~,,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪= -‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪10 10‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫‪= -10 10‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪= -.,. (1‬‬

‫‪4‬‬
‫‪= -1110‬‬
‫((‪-‬‬

‫‪-((/2‬‬
‫)‪5(6‬‬

‫‪,.2‬‬

‫‪(11‬‬
‫)‪5(6‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪~08 116 06‬‬

‫‪~08 116 06‬‬

‫‪/1‬‬

‫‪111~ 1,2,3,...‬‬
‫‪~08 116 06‬‬

‫‪+1‬‬
‫‪,..‬‬
‫‪(13‬‬

‫)‪(( -1)111 811111~111‬‬

‫‪~08 116 06‬‬

‫)‪(~-16‬‬

‫~‪011‬‬ ‫~~‪10 ()11(1..1~..-~(1‬‬ ‫‪8~111111~1..~,‬‬ ‫‪/3,,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~0‬‬

‫)‪~(). (~-15‬‬ ‫‪~1~108‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫)‪5(6‬‬ ‫‪~~,,‬‬ ‫‪~08 116‬‬
‫‪,,= 1,3,5,...‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪/1‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪1110,,=1~5,...‬‬ ‫‪( 111~~,3,...‬‬ ‫‪(-1)111811111~111~08116‬‬
‫)‬
‫)‪(~-17‬‬

‫~~‪1~ 111~ 111~111 ~011(1‬‬ ‫)‪18 ~,(8‬‬ ‫‪~5,‬‬ ‫‪~()8.‬‬ ‫)‪(~-1‬‬ ‫)‪(1110 (~-17‬‬ ‫~~‪~1‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ 0111~111 ~011(1‬‬
‫‪(18‬‬

‫‪~5‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪,,= 1,3,5,...‬‬
‫‪~,,‬‬ ‫‪~08 118‬‬ ‫)‪(~-18‬‬

‫‪558‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪11111~ 111()111~01138‬‬ ‫)‪18 ~,(6‬‬ ‫‪= ~,,. ~08‬‬ ‫)‪6, ~()8. (~-1), 3110 (~-17‬‬ ‫‪81~~ 111~0111()111‬‬
‫‪~01138~ 38‬‬
‫‪00‬‬

‫‪~0(6) =~,,.‬‬ ‫‪~ ~,,~08‬‬

‫‪,,= 1,3,5,...‬‬
‫‪116 ~08 6‬‬ ‫)‪(~-19‬‬

‫‪00‬‬
‫~‬
‫=‬
‫~‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪,,~1,3,5,...‬‬
‫‪~,,‬‬ ‫‪(~08‬‬ ‫‪(11‬‬ ‫‪- 1)6 +‬‬ ‫‪~08 (11‬‬ ‫)‪+ 1)6‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪= 0.5~,,.(~1(~08 0 + ~08 26) + ~3(~08 26 + ~08 46‬‬
‫‪+ ~5(~08 46 + ~08 66) +‬‬ ‫)‪. . .‬‬
‫‪~~1‬‬ ‫‪~,,-1‬‬ ‫‪+ ~,,+1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫=‬ ‫~‬ ‫~~_‬
‫‪+ ~ ,,. ,,-2,4,6,...‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪~08 116‬‬ ‫)‪(~-20‬‬

‫)‪111~ 11(81 ()3(1 01 ~(). (~-20‬‬ ‫‪18 111~ 3~~(38~ 0111()111~01138~ 3110 111~ 8~~0110 ()3(118‬‬
‫‪111~ (1()()1~ ~01138~.‬‬ ‫‪~()11311011 (~-20) 18 ~3110, ()(0~10~0 11131111~ 111()111~01138~ 3110‬‬
‫‪111~ 8~11~111118 11111~110113(~ ~08111~ ~3~~10(1118.‬‬
‫)‪111 111~ ~38~ 01 8111~ ~3~~8, 111~ 111()111~01138~ 18 ~,(6‬‬ ‫~‪= ~,,. 81116 3110 111‬‬
‫‪8~11~111118‬‬ ‫‪11111~11011‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬

‫‪00‬‬

‫= )‪5(6‬‬ ‫~‬
‫‪,,=1,3,5,...‬‬
‫‪~,, 8111116‬‬ ‫)‪(~-21‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~0(6) = ~,,.‬‬

‫‪~,,.‬‬
‫~‬
‫‪00‬‬

‫‪,,~1,3,5,...‬‬
‫‪~,, 81116 8111116‬‬ ‫)‪(~-22‬‬

‫~‬
‫‪= 2 ,,=1,3,5,... ~,,‬‬ ‫‪(~08‬‬ ‫‪(11‬‬ ‫‪- 1)6 -‬‬ ‫‪~08 (11‬‬ ‫)‪+ 1)6‬‬

‫)‪= 0.5~,,. (~1 (~08 0 - ~08 26) + ~3(~08 26 - ~08 46‬‬

‫‪+ ~5(~08 46 - ~08 66) +‬‬ ‫)‪. . .‬‬

‫)‪(~-23‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪559‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~11~11 111~ 8~11~11 51 111 ~1~. 2-13‬‬
‫‪~3113~110( ~311 0~ 1011110 1(0111‬‬
‫~‪18 ~108~0 31 ( = 0, 111~ ~113(~111~ ~11((~111 01111‬‬

‫) ‪(0-1‬‬

‫‪~111111111131 ~0110111011~ 1)~(1‬‬ ‫‪= 0) = 0.‬‬

‫‪08111~ 111~1.,31113~~,8 1301~ 0-1,‬‬ ‫‪~~.‬‬ ‫)‪(0-1‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ 1(311810(111~0111101.,31113~~,8 001113111‬‬
‫‪01.5.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪3110 801~111~ 10( 111~ ~11((~1111(.5‬‬ ‫‪~1~~8‬‬

‫)‪1(.5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪(0-2‬‬

‫‪~(.5‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫)~‬

‫‪560‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪....~8...~ 0-,‬‬ ‫~~‪50‬‬ ‫‪~~...~~~,5‬‬
‫‪,..~,6.~5~0~~,6. ,..~0~5‬‬

‫)‪1(1‬‬ ‫)‪,.-(5‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪5‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪52‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~-0/.1‬‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪5 +‬‬

‫‪~~5111‬‬
‫‪~1‬‬ ‫‪-52‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬
‫‪+‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪~05 ~1‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪52 +‬‬ ‫‪~2‬‬

‫)‪1.(1‬‬ ‫)‪5,.-(5‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫)‪,.-(0‬‬

‫‪52 ,.-(5) - 5,.-~) -‬‬

‫)‪1..(1‬‬
‫)‪,.-. (0‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫= )((‪1)0‬‬
‫‪1 (/‬‬
‫)‪1 0( = ~5 (1 - €-,./‬‬
‫)‪(0-3‬‬

‫)‪(0-4‬‬
‫‪~ )0‬‬
‫(‬
‫~‪111 111~ 81~30~-8131‬‬ ‫‪(31‬‬ ‫‪= (0),‬‬

‫‪15 = 1(( = (0) = 0‬‬

‫~‪~0 = 1)0(( = (0) = ~5/‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪1~0‬‬ ‫‪1~~1~31‬‬ ‫‪~1.,‬‬ ‫~(‪~1(~11118 3‬‬ ‫‪8110~11‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~8.‬‬ ‫‪2-23‬‬ ‫‪3110 7-33.‬‬ ‫~‪111‬‬ ‫‪1(31181~111 ~11((~111‬‬
‫~‪111(011~11111‬‬ ‫(‪111011~10‬‬ ‫‪111 ~1~.‬‬ ‫‪7-33‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ ~)(~(~88~0‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬

‫‪~5‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪1)1.-‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1)8.‬‬ ‫‪+ ~ = 1.,‬‬ ‫~ ‪+ ~ 1 +‬‬ ‫)‪(0-5‬‬

‫~~‬

‫‪58~. 0-2‬‬ ‫‪561‬‬

 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~111110111~1~00011100=1(/ = 0) = 11. 10 1.,~.,1~~~,800111~100( 8, ~(). (0-5) 0~~0111~8‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‬
‫‪-2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪/.., 8 1(8) -‬‬ ‫‪/.., 11‬‬ ‫‪+ ~ 1(8) + -‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)‪(0-6‬‬

‫‪~11~..~ ~ = ~/ /..,‬‬
‫)‪1~~108 10~~..8~ 1..~08(0..1110( ~(). (0-6‬‬ ‫‪~1~108‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‬
‫)‪1(/‬‬ ‫‪(1 -‬‬ ‫)(~‪~-‬‬
‫~‪= -2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫(~‪11~-‬‬ ‫)‪(0-7‬‬

‫~‪10 111~81~~0~ 81~1~ (~1 / = 00), 1. = 1(/ = 00) = ~./‬‬

‫)‪1( 111~..~18 0010111~1 ~11 ~0100 111~10011~10.., (1.~., 11 = 0) ~00 ~(). (0-7‬‬ ‫‪0~~0111~8‬‬

‫ﺔ‬ ‫)‪(0-8‬‬

‫‪111~ 1..~081~01 ~11 ~01 111..011811111~~~.,11~110.. 10 ~18. 3-2~ 18 ~)(.,..~88~0‬‬ ‫‪~8‬‬

‫‪~.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫~‪11‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪11,,‬‬ ‫‪= /.., ~1‬‬

‫‪~/‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪~~ .1/ 0/‬‬ ‫= ‪+ 11,,(/‬‬ ‫)‪0‬‬ ‫)‪(0-9‬‬

‫‪~111110111~1‬‬‫‪~000111008=11,,(/ = 0) = 0 ~00 /(/ = 0) = 0.‬‬ ‫‪10 1.,~.,1~~~,81..~08(0..111,‬‬

‫‪~(). (0-9) 0~~0111~8‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(0-10‬‬

‫‪~11~..~ (0,,,‬‬ ‫)~‪= 1/~(/..,‬‬

‫‪111~ 10~~..8~ 1..~08(0..111 0( ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(0-10‬‬ ‫‪~1~108 111~ ~11~..8108 ~11 ~01 ~8‬‬

‫)‪.(/‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~.‬‬

‫~‬ ‫)‪5.0 (00./‬‬ ‫)‪(0-11‬‬

‫‪562‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪(0-12‬‬

‫‪~0((~111‬‬ ‫‪01/,,.‬‬ ‫(‪3.110 1111113.1 ~3.~3.~110‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113.‬‬

‫~‪~111...‬‬ ‫‪~1(~011‬‬ ‫‪~110‬‬ ‫(‪3.111111113.111100~10‬‬

‫‪01 ~0 18 800~11 111~1~. 3-183..‬‬ ‫~‪10‬‬ ‫‪~3.~3.~110( ~0((~11118‬‬ ‫‪~)(~(~88~0‬‬ ‫‪3.8‬‬

‫)‪(0-13‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~110 1111113.1~0110111011= 1(1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪0) = /,,. 3.1101)~(1= 0) = ~0.‬‬ ‫‪~01~= 111~1~. 3-183.,‬‬
‫‪~018 800~11 3.8 ~~03.110 -2~5.‬‬ ‫‪1111...3.~13.~~,8‬‬
‫)‪00(113.111015, ~~. (0-13‬‬ ‫‪0~~0(11~8‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪= 1, 5 / ( 5) - 1, /,,. + -‬‬ ‫‪+ -‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪3.110 801~111~ 10( 10~ ~0((~111 /(5) ~1~~8‬‬

‫‪~5 -‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪5 /,,.‬‬ ‫)‪(0-14‬‬

‫) (‬
‫‪/5=7‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪+22‬‬
‫‪1..- (5‬‬ ‫)‪+ 00,,.‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪+ 00,,.‬‬

‫~(~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪00,,.‬‬ ‫)~‪= 1/~(1,‬‬

‫)‪10~ 111~~(8~1(3.11810((1101 ~~. (0-14‬‬ ‫‪~1~108‬‬

‫)‪.(,‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪(1/,‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫)‪1/0‬‬

‫~‬ ‫‪5..‬‬ ‫)‪(.,,,,,1) + 1~ 005 (.,,~,‬‬ ‫)‪(0-15‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(‪~110 10~ ~3.~3.~110‬‬ ‫~~‪~0113.‬‬ ‫‪3.8‬‬

‫)‪(0-16‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪563‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(~‪0110‬‬
‫~‪3 ~~(1001‬‬

‫~(~‪~11‬‬
‫‪11/15‬‬
‫‪115‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪51~(0)1-5131‬‬ ‫‪~01101110115,‬‬
‫~‪1011~11011 0111(11‬‬

‫~‪111~ ~~(1001‬‬
‫‪111~ 1(~()0~11~)1‬‬
‫~‪11(11‬‬
‫~‪01111‬‬
‫‪111~ 001~01‬‬
‫‪0~1111~0‬‬

‫‪001~01‬‬
‫‪0)1‬‬

‫~~‪~0113‬‬
‫~~‪~0113‬‬

‫‪111 112,‬‬
‫(~~‪01 ~0‬‬ ‫‪~011~~(1~(515,‬‬

‫(‪111~ 311~013‬‬ ‫‪1(~()0~11~)115‬‬

‫‪~~11~(311)1,‬‬

‫) ‪(~-1‬‬

‫‪2,,-‬‬
‫‪(1)=-=2,,-/‬‬ ‫)‪(~-2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪3110 ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(~-1‬‬ ‫‪~311 0~ (~~(111~11 35‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫)()‪1)0((1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪1)0((1)1+ 2,,-‬‬ ‫)‪(~-3‬‬

‫~‪111‬‬ ‫(~‪~00(1‬‬ ‫‪111~0(~(11‬‬ ‫‪5131~5‬‬ ‫~‪11131 3 ~~(1001‬‬ ‫)‪1011~11011 1)0(1‬‬ ‫~‪~311 0‬‬ ‫‪0~5~(10~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 3‬‬
‫‪~011513111‬‬ ‫~‪1~((11 ~105 311 111111111~ 5~(1~5 01 5111~ 3110 ~05111‬‬ ‫‪1~((115 011(~()0~11~)1‬‬ ‫‪/1(1),‬‬
‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪/1 15 311 1111~~~(.‬‬ ‫‪111~(~10(~,‬‬ ‫‪1)0(1) ~311 0~ ~)(~(~55~0‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬

‫)‪1)0(1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪00‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫~‬

‫‪,,~ 1,2,‬‬
‫)()‪(0,, ~05 /1(1)( + 0,, 5111/1(1‬‬ ‫) ‪(~-4‬‬

‫‪564‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫~~‪0.0 15 111~ (1~~((1‬‬ ‫~‪~(1111~ 01111‬‬ ‫‪0111~111 ~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫‪~0(().‬‬
‫‪(1110 0,, ~(111 0~ 0~1~(111111~0‬‬ ‫~‪1(0111 111~ 10110~111‬‬ ‫‪~)(~(~5510115‬‬ ‫~‬

‫)‪(~-5‬‬

‫)‪(~-6‬‬

‫)‪(~-7‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫)((‪11 ~0‬‬ ‫‪~(111 0~ ~)(~(~55~0‬‬ ‫‪(15 (111(111(11)111~(1111111~11011,111~5~ ~01151(11115 ~(111 0~ 0~1~(111111~0‬‬
‫‪0)1 (1 5111~1~ 1111~~((111011.‬‬ ‫)((‪11 ~0‬‬ ‫‪15 015~0111111110115, ~111~1115‬‬ ‫(‪111~ 11511(111)1111~ ~(15~ 10‬‬
‫‪111~ 0111~111 01 ~011~~(1~(5,‬‬ ‫‪5~~~((111111~~((1110115‬‬ ‫(~~‪(0‬‬ ‫~‪111~ ~1101‬‬ ‫‪~~(100‬‬ ‫~‪01111‬‬ ‫‪0111~111‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)~~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪1111151 0~ ~~(10(111~0‬‬ ‫~‪10 0~1~(111111‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~01151(11115, 0.0, 0.,, (1110 0,,.‬‬

‫‪0.,, ~05 11())( +‬‬ ‫())(‪11‬‬

‫‪0,, 5111‬‬

‫‪0.,,‬‬
‫‪,, + 02,,) 1/2‬‬
‫‪= (0.2‬‬ ‫)‪(~-8‬‬
‫~‪( ~0.‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪1.,~1115‬‬ ‫~‪0~1111~ (111 (111~1‬‬ ‫‪~,,,‬‬ ‫~‪~1105‬‬ ‫‪(10)(1~~111 510~ 15 0,,,‬‬ ‫~‪0~~0511‬‬ ‫~‪510~ 15 0.,,, (1110 111‬‬
‫‪11)1~01~11115~ 15 (0.~ +‬‬ ‫‪0~)1/2.‬‬ ‫‪~5‬‬ ‫‪(1 (~51111, ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(~-8‬‬ ‫‪0~~0111~5‬‬

‫‪0.,, ~05 11())( +‬‬ ‫= ())(‪0,, 5111 11‬‬ ‫‪(0.~ +‬‬ ‫‪0~)1/2‬‬ ‫‪(5111 ~,, ~05 11())( +‬‬ ‫‪~05~,,‬‬ ‫)())(‪5111 11‬‬

‫)‪(0.~ + 0~)1/2 5111(11())( + ~,,‬‬ ‫)‪(~-9‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪51105111111111~ ~().‬‬ ‫)‪(~-9‬‬ ‫‪11110 ~().‬‬
‫~(~‪~11‬‬

‫‪(~-4),‬‬
‫=‪~,,‬‬ ‫‪1(111-‬‬

‫‪111~ 5~(1~5‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫)~~(‬
‫‪111(1)1(1150 0~ ~(111~11‬‬ ‫‪(15‬‬
‫)‪(~-10‬‬

‫)((‪~0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪+ ,,~ 1,2,..‬‬ ‫‪5111 (11())( +‬‬

‫‪~~,,‬‬ ‫)‪~,,‬‬ ‫) ‪(~-11‬‬

‫~(~‪~11‬‬ ‫‪,, ~= (0.~ + 0~)1/2‬‬ ‫) ‪(~-12‬‬

‫‪~,,‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~,,‬‬ ‫(‪(1(~ 111~ ~~(1/‬‬ ‫~‪111(1~1111110~ (1110 111~ 0~1(1)1 (111~1~ 01111‬‬ ‫‪1111111(1(1110111~ ~0111-‬‬
‫~‪~011~111 01111‬‬ ‫‪0111~111 ~011(1~~,‬‬ ‫‪~0((),‬‬ ‫‪(~5~~~11~~1)1.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~~‪11111~ 0111~111 ~011(1‬‬ ‫~~‪11(15 111~ 11(111-~(1‬‬ ‫‪5)1111111~1()1, 111~ 11111110~( 011111~~((1110115‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪~1111111111~ ~1101‬‬ ‫‪~~(100‬‬ ‫‪~(111 0~ (~011~~0‬‬ ‫‪51~11111~(11111)1. ~ ~(1~~10(11111(15‬‬ ‫‪111~ ~(0~~(1)1‬‬

‫~~‪0111(111-~(1‬‬ ‫~‪5)1111111~1()111111‬‬ ‫‪~(1~~10(111‬‬ ‫~‪5(111511~5 111~ 10110~111‬‬ ‫~‪~01101110115‬‬

‫)((‪~0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫((‪-~0‬‬ ‫)‪+ 1/2‬‬ ‫) ‪(~-13‬‬

‫(‪0‬‬ ‫)())(‬ ‫())(‬ ‫)‪(~-14‬‬
‫(‪~ 0‬‬ ‫‪= -‬‬ ‫(‪~ 0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪10‬‬

‫‪565‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫(‪1111118~ 0‬‬ ‫~~‪111~ ~05111‬‬ ‫‪11111(-~11~~,‬‬ ‫‪0111 ~11115~ 5111(1~0‬‬ ‫‪0)1 1/2‬‬ ‫)‪$ (0( 70 (110‬‬ ‫~‪((0111 111‬‬
‫~~‪~05111‬‬ ‫‪11111(-~11~~.‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪~11~~(0(111‬‬ ‫~~‪~1111 11 11111(-~11‬‬ ‫‪5)1111111~1()1 00~5 001‬‬ ‫~‪1111~~ 111‬‬
‫‪~~~0‬‬ ‫‪1111(111001~5(11111115, 11 = 2, 4, 6, . . .) 1100 ~055~55 001)1111~ 000 1111(111001~5‬‬
‫‪(11111115,‬‬ ‫‪11 = 1, 3, 5, . . .).‬‬ ‫‪011~ 111~ 11111(-~11~~ 5)1111111~1()1,111~ 11~~(11~~ ~11111~15‬‬
‫‪2~(0, (1.~., (10 = 0.) ~~111111005(~-6),‬‬ ‫)‪(~-7) 1100 (~-11‬‬ ‫~‪0~~0111‬‬

‫= ‪(1,,‬‬ ‫)((‪11 1)0‬‬ ‫()( ()‪~05 110‬‬ ‫‪1270‬‬

‫~‬ ‫~=‬ ‫‪1)0(0)€) ~05 110)(()(0)(),‬‬ ‫‪11 = 1, 3, 5,‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪= 1,3,5, . . .‬‬
‫‪00‬‬
‫= )((‪1)0‬‬ ‫‪~ ~,, 510 (110)(+‬‬ ‫)‪~,,‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪,,= 1,3,5,...‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪566‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪/...15~1/19 0( 80171(1/.1~8,, /=1,,09,,81715‬‬
‫‪1/1/8~-/=18‬‬ ‫‪8/3.5/8/3.‬‬

‫ﺔ‬
‫‪20 ~~5‬‬
‫‪30 01~ ~~~~(20),‬‬ ‫‪~~~~0(20),‬‬ ‫)‪8(100‬‬
‫********** ‪********* ~~08-1‬‬

‫~‪40 ~~~ 0~1~0~~ ~~~ ~~8~~ ~~~~0~~.10‬‬

‫‪1..‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪~~1~.‬‬ ‫~‪..~0. 0‬‬ ‫‪~~15~5‬‬ ‫~‪~~... ~(31~ ~~~1‬‬
‫~~ ‪60 1~~0.‬‬
‫()~‪100‬‬ ‫‪1 ~55‬‬ ‫‪~~(30‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1..‬‬
‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1~.‬‬ ‫~‪..~00‬‬ ‫‪1(3~ 100‬‬
‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪1~~0.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫‪,2-‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬
‫~‪..~15‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪~0~...1~... ~0~~~1~1~0~51‬‬ ‫‪~0... .,.~5 ,1-‬‬ ‫‪(300‬‬ ‫‪~0... ~0‬‬
‫‪82‬‬ ‫‪~~1~.‬‬
‫‪83‬‬ ‫‪1~~0.‬‬ ‫~~‬
‫~‪..~ 19~~5‬‬ ‫‪0~51...~0‬‬ ‫~ ‪~(3.../11001‬‬ ‫~‪~0(11~00~0‬‬ ‫‪1 ~55‬‬ ‫‪~~(30‬‬ ‫‪100..‬‬
‫‪84‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪1~.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪1~~0.‬‬ ‫~~‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪87 ~~5‬‬
‫‪90‬‬ ‫)‪~1=4(*~.~(11‬‬
‫‪97‬‬ ‫‪~~1~.‬‬ ‫‪..1987‬‬ ‫‪~0~~...19~~ 0~ ~.~.‬‬ ‫‪~(35~10..‬‬
‫‪98‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1~. ..~19.‬‬ ‫~‪4-14 ~~-0‬‬ ‫‪~00...~...~~...‬‬
‫~~‪~ 1‬‬ ‫‪~01 ~0...(11‬‬
‫‪~~~..‬‬
‫‪100‬‬ ‫~~~*)~~‪0~~.~~=(~1/‬‬
‫‪110‬‬ ‫‪~~~.~=(~1/~~)/2‬‬
‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪~~~~(1)=~~~.~-0~~.~~/2‬‬
‫‪130‬‬ ‫‪~~~~0(1)=~~~~(1)*180/~1‬‬

‫‪567‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪140‬‬ ‫‪0(~1~0=0(~1~~*180/~1‬‬
‫‪170‬‬ ‫~~ ‪~0~ ~=2 10‬‬
‫‪180‬‬ ‫)‪~~~~(~)=~~~~(1)+(~1/~~)*(~-1‬‬
‫‪190‬‬ ‫‪~~~~0(~)=~~~~(~)*180/~1‬‬
‫‪210‬‬ ‫~ ‪~()(1‬‬
‫‪220‬‬ ‫‪~~~)(=1‬‬
‫‪230‬‬ ‫‪~=0‬‬
‫‪240‬‬ ‫~~ ‪~0~ ~=1 10‬‬
‫‪250‬‬ ‫~‪~=((05(~~~~(~))-(05(~~~~(~)+0(~1~~))+‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪260‬‬ ‫~ ‪~()(1‬‬
‫‪270‬‬ ‫))‪~0(=(~~~)(/~1).~/(5~~(2‬‬
‫‪290‬‬ ‫‪~~=0‬‬
‫‪300‬‬ ‫‪1~=1‬‬
‫‪310‬‬ ‫~~ ‪~0~ ~=1 10‬‬
‫‪320 (=0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪330‬‬ ‫~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~=1‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫~~‬
‫‪340‬‬ ‫(‪(=(05(~.~~~~(~))-(05(~.(~~~~(~)+0(~1~~))+‬‬
‫‪350‬‬ ‫~ ‪~()(1‬‬
‫‪360‬‬ ‫(‪8(~)=(2.1~/(~.~1)).‬‬
‫‪365‬‬ ‫‪1~ ~(=1‬‬ ‫~(~‪1‬‬ ‫‪~~1~1‬‬ ‫)‪..8(..~..‬‬ ‫)~(‪..8‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪380‬‬ ‫~ ‪~()(1‬‬
‫‪381 ~~ 1~1 ..~0. 0~ ~~ 15~5 ~~,..~81 ~-~~~ 18‬‬ ‫~~‪..‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪382‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1 ~1‬‬ ‫~‪~00‬‬ ‫‪181= 10,,‬‬ ‫()‪1,,(8‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬
‫=‬ ‫~~~‬
‫‪383‬‬ ‫~=‪~~1~1 ..~~158 ...,.01‬‬
‫‪.,, 089,..885‬‬
‫‪= ..0(~1~0‬‬
‫‪384‬‬ ‫~~ ‪~0~ ~=1 10‬‬
‫‪386‬‬ ‫‪~~1~1 ~~~~~1,, 089,..885‬‬
‫)~(‪= ~~~~~0‬‬
‫‪387‬‬
‫‪388‬‬
‫‪390‬‬
‫‪400‬‬

‫‪405‬‬
‫‪410‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫~ ‪~()(1‬‬
‫‪~~ 1~1‬‬
‫)‪11=8(1)/5~~(2‬‬
‫~~‬

‫‪5()~=0‬‬
‫‪1 ~1‬‬

‫~~ ‪~0~ ~=1 10‬‬

‫‪..‬‬

‫‪..~~5‬‬
‫‪~...8,..898‬‬
‫=‪0~1=~~1‬‬

‫‪~~,,08018,,1=81‬‬
‫‪...011=898‬‬

‫=‪1 ,,~~1‬‬
‫‪.,,‬‬
‫~‬
‫=‪~~,..,..8,,1‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬

‫‪85‬‬
‫‪~~5‬‬

‫~‬
‫= ~‪1,,~~1= ...011=89‬‬

‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪1080‬‬

‫‪..~0(.100‬‬

‫=‪~~,..,..8,,1‬‬
‫‪= ..11.100‬‬

‫‪420‬‬ ‫‪5()~=5()~+8(~).8(~)/2‬‬
‫‪430‬‬ ‫~ ‪~()(1‬‬
‫‪440‬‬ ‫)~)(‪15=5~~(5‬‬
‫‪450‬‬ ‫‪~~1~1‬‬ ‫‪..~~5‬‬ ‫=‪1,,~~1‬‬ ‫=‪~~,..,..8,,1‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪1080‬‬ ‫=‪~~,..,..8,,1‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪..15.100‬‬

‫‪460 ~~=11/15‬‬
‫‪463 0~=1‬‬
‫‪465‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1 ~1‬‬ ‫= ‪..015~ 18~~,,1= ~8~1=0,..‬‬ ‫~‪..0‬‬
‫‪470‬‬ ‫‪~~1~1‬‬ ‫‪..~0...,8,..‬‬
‫~~ ‪~8~1=0,.. =..‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪500 (~0‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪~~0~-2 ..........‬‬

‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪(1..5‬‬

‫‪30‬‬ ‫)‪01~ 51..(25), ((25), )((90), ~(90), ~1..~~(25), ~1..~~0(25), 8(50‬‬

‫‪40‬‬ ‫~(‪~(~ ~(-0( (0~~(~1‬‬ ‫~~~‪~(1~ 51~()5010~1..‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪~~1~1 ..~0. 0~ ~~1585 ~8,..~81~ ~~~18 1..‬‬
‫‪60‬‬ ‫~~ ‪1~~()1‬‬
‫‪70 ~~ (~1 ..~00~ 181=1~,, 1,,(8)( 1855‬‬ ‫‪1=~8,, 1 1..‬‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫~~~‪80 1~~()1‬‬

‫‪568‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~0,.. ~(5 ,1- 8~0 ~0,.. ~0 ,2-‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬
‫‪82 ~~1~1 .,~151= 0~ ~0~,..1€,.. ~0€~~1~1€~1=51‬‬
‫(~ ‪83 1~~1.11‬‬
‫‪100..‬‬
‫~‪84 ~~ 1~1 ../-119~€51= 0€51 ,..€0 ~8,../110~1~ ~001~0~€~1= 1€55 1=~8‬‬
‫‪85 1~~1.11 ~,..‬‬
‫‪87 (~5‬‬
‫)‪90 ~1=41*~1~(11‬‬
‫‪97 ~~ 1~1 ..1987 (0~)/,..19~1= 0)/ ,... /-1. ~85~ 10..‬‬
‫(‪98 ~~ 1~1 ..~ 19. 4-15 ~(-0‬‬ ‫‪~0~~€,..1=€,.. ~ 11=~ 51 ~~501081 ~~/1..‬‬
‫~~*‪100 ~5=2‬‬
‫‪102 10~=.001‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪104 ~0~ ,..=1 10 ~5‬‬
‫‪106 5~(,..)=((-1)~/1)*~5/~1‬‬
‫‪108 ~()(1 ,..‬‬
‫‪109 ~0~ /1=1 10 ~5 51(~ 2‬‬
‫‪110 ((/1)=/1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪111 ~()(1 /1‬‬
‫‪112 ~0~ /1=2 10 ~5 51(~ 2‬‬
‫)‪113 ((/1)=-(/1-1‬‬
‫‪114 ~()(1 /1‬‬
‫~‪116 ~ ( 1 ) =~/1‬‬
‫‪118 )((1)=~1/2‬‬
‫‪119 ~0~ /1=1 10 ~5‬‬
‫‪120 ~0~ 1=1 10 50‬‬
‫‪122 /-(=1+1‬‬
‫)‪124 )((/-()=(~(1)-((,..))/5~(/1‬‬
‫))(‪126 ~(/-()=~/1~*51~()((/-‬‬
‫))‪128 )()(=~85()((/-()-)((/-(-1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪130 1~ )()((10~ 1/-1(~ 134‬‬
‫‪132 ~()(1 1‬‬
‫)‪134 ~~~~(/1)=)((1‬‬
‫‪136 ~()(1 ,..‬‬
‫‪138 ~0~ /1=1 10 ~5‬‬
‫‪140 ~~~~0(/1)=~~~~(,..)*180/~1‬‬
‫‪142 ~()(1 /1‬‬
‫‪220 ~,..~)(=1‬‬
‫‪230 ~=0‬‬
‫‪240 ~0~ /1=1 10 ~5 51(~ 2‬‬
‫~‪250 ~=((05(~~~~(/1))-(05(~~~~(/1+1)))+‬‬
‫‪260 ~()(1 /1‬‬
‫))‪270 ~0(=(~/1~)(/~1)*~/(5~~(2‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪290 ~~=0‬‬
‫‪300 1~=1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪310 ~0~ ~=1 10 ~/1‬‬

‫‪320 0=0‬‬
‫‪330 ~0~ /1=1 10 ~5 51(~ 2‬‬
‫‪340 0=((05(~*~~~~(/1))-(05(~*~~~~(,..+1)))+0‬‬
‫‪350 ~()(1 /1‬‬
‫‪360 8(~)=(2*1~/(~*~1))*0‬‬
‫)~~~(‪365 1~ ~(=1 1/-1(~ ~~1~1 ~8‬‬ ‫)~(‪= ~8‬‬
‫~ ‪380 ~()(1‬‬

‫‪569‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫‪381‬‬ ‫~‪~~1~. ..~0. 0~ ~~15~5 ~~... ~81~-~)(~1‬‬ ‫~~‪= .‬‬

‫‪382‬‬ ‫~~~‪~~ 1~. ..~00~ 18~ 10,, 1,,0~)( = ..‬‬
‫‪384‬‬ ‫‪~0~ ~=1 .0 ~5‬‬
‫‪386‬‬ ‫)~(‪~~1~. ~~~~~1,, 0~9...~~5 = ~~~~~0‬‬
‫‪387‬‬ ‫~ ‪~~)(.‬‬
‫~‪.. ~~~...89‬‬
‫‪388‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1~.‬‬ ‫~~~~~‪0‬‬ ‫~‪01 ~89‬‬ ‫~‪1,, ~ 0‬‬ ‫‪~~5‬‬ ‫~~~‪1,,‬‬ ‫~‪~01 ~89‬‬ ‫‪= ..~0~. 100‬‬
‫‪390‬‬ ‫)‪11=8(1)/5~~(2‬‬
‫‪400‬‬ ‫=~‪~~ 1~. ..~~5 ~~,,08/11~,,~81 1,,~~~ ~~ ~,,~ 85 ~ 0~ 0~ 1080 ~~ ~,,‬‬ ‫‪..11. 100‬‬
‫‪405‬‬ ‫‪5(.1~=0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪410‬‬ ‫~~ ‪~0~ ~=1 .0‬‬
‫‪420‬‬ ‫‪5(.1~=5(.1~+8(~).8(~)/2‬‬
‫‪430‬‬ ‫~ ‪~~)(.‬‬
‫‪440‬‬ ‫)~‪15=5~~(5(.1‬‬
‫‪450‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1~. ..~~5 1,,~~~ ~~ ~,,~ 85 ~ 0~ 0~ 1080 ~~ ~,,~ = ..15.100‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪460‬‬ ‫‪~~=11/15‬‬
‫‪463‬‬ ‫‪0~=1‬‬
‫‪465‬‬ ‫~‪~~ 1~. ..015~ 18~~,,~ ~8~~0... = ..0‬‬
‫‪470‬‬ ‫~~ ‪~~1~. ..~0~~... ~8~~0... =..‬‬
‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪~~0‬‬

‫‪~~06-3‬‬ ‫‪..........‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪~~5‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫~‪~~~ 501~~10,, ~0... ~)(8~1‬‬ ‫‪6-4‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪1~~(.1. ..0~~~ ~ ~~6~~ 1~ 0~6~~~5 1 .., ~~~ 1‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪~~~=~~~1.3.1415927*/180‬‬

‫‪20‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫‪42‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪1,.,,~(.1. ..1 ,.,,~(.1. ~0~ .~6~ 1 .., ~5‬‬
‫~ ‪1,.,,~(.1. ..1 ,.,,~(.1. ~~~~(.1~,.,,~~ 1 ..,‬‬
‫~ ‪1,.,,~(.1. ..~0~0 ~~51.~,.,,~~ 1 ..,‬‬
‫~~~~ ‪1~~0. .. ~0~0 1~00~.‬‬
‫)‪~1=4.~.,.,,(11‬‬
‫~ ‪1~ /11~ 1 ..,‬‬

‫‪45‬‬ ‫~‪~=2.~1.‬‬
‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪)(~=~.~..001‬‬
‫‪55‬‬ ‫~~‪~~1~. ..1~~~0~,.,,~~ 0~ ~0~0 1~00~.~,.,,‬‬ ‫~() ‪..,‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪105‬‬ ‫)~‪~~=~.~()(~/‬‬
‫‪110‬‬ ‫‪~~1=180.~~/~1‬‬
‫‪120‬‬ ‫‪~~1,.,,. ..~0~0 ~,.,,6~~ =.., ~~1‬‬
‫‪130‬‬ ‫‪0~~6=.25‬‬
‫‪140‬‬ ‫‪06=0~~6.~1/180‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪152‬‬ ‫‪8~.1=~/-/‬‬
‫‪170‬‬ ‫‪~=1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪180‬‬ ‫)‪~1=(~/)(~).(~~~-8~.1‬‬
‫‪190‬‬ ‫)‪~2=~)(~(~1‬‬
‫‪195‬‬ ‫)~~‪~)(=51,.,,(~~~-‬‬
‫‪200‬‬ ‫()~‪~3=~2.‬‬
‫‪210‬‬ ‫)~~‪~4=51~(8~.1-‬‬
‫‪215‬‬ ‫‪,.,,=~+1‬‬
‫‪217‬‬ ‫‪1~ ,.,,=1000 .~~,.,, 360‬‬
‫‪220‬‬ ‫))‪~~=~85(~65(~3)-~85(~4‬‬
‫‪222‬‬ ‫‪1~ ~~(.001‬‬ ‫‪.~~,.,, 360‬‬
‫‪230‬‬ ‫‪8~.1=8~.1+06‬‬

‫‪570‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~(~‪245 1~ ~4(0 .‬‬ ‫‪~4=0‬‬
‫‪250 00.0 180‬‬
‫‪360 8(.=180*8(.1/~1‬‬
‫~‪365 ~~(~. ..()(.(~0(0‬‬ ‫‪~~(3(..( =.., 8(.‬‬
‫‪380 .1=0‬‬
‫‪384 0((..=(8(.1-~(..~)/180‬‬
‫‪390 5(.)~=0‬‬
‫‪400 5(.)~~=0‬‬
‫‪402 (..=(..*.001‬‬
‫‪410 ~.=~(..~+0((..*.1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪420 .=~./‬‬
‫~‪430 )(=-.+~(..~/‬‬
‫‪440 )(=)(*~/(..‬‬
‫)()(~()(=‪450 )(1‬‬
‫)~~‪460 )(2=5(~(~(..~-‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪470 )(3=)(2*)(1‬‬
‫)~~‪480 )(4=5(~(~.-‬‬
‫‪490 )(5=)(4-)(3‬‬
‫‪495 (~ )(5(0 .~(~ )(5=0‬‬
‫‪500 )()(=)(5*)(5‬‬
‫‪510 ~~=)(5‬‬
‫()()‪540 5(.)~=5(.)~+‬‬
‫~~‪550 5(.)~~=5(.)~~+‬‬
‫‪555 .1=.1+1‬‬
‫‪560 1~ ~.)8(.1‬‬ ‫~(~‪.‬‬ ‫‪800‬‬
‫‪570 (~ ~.=8(.1‬‬ ‫‪.~(~ 800‬‬
‫‪580 00.0 410‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫(~‪800 5(.)~=5(.)~*0((../‬‬
‫(~‪810 5(.)~~=5(.)~~*0((../‬‬
‫)‪811 5(.)~~=5(.)~~/50~(2‬‬
‫‪820 ~1=~*~+)((..*)((..‬‬
‫)‪830 ~1=5~~(~1‬‬
‫)~)‪840 (~=(~5/~1)*5~~(5(.‬‬
‫~~)‪850 (0=(~5/~1)*5(.‬‬
‫=~( ‪860 ~~ (~. ..‬‬ ‫‪.., ( ~, .. (0‬‬ ‫‪.., (0‬‬
‫=‬
‫)‪870 )(=8(.1-~(..~+.5*5(~(2*~(..~)-.5*5(~(2*8(.1‬‬
‫)‪880 ~0=~5*5~~()(//~1‬‬
‫= (‪890 ~~(~. ..~~5 0,-=-0(.).~(.). ~0(...~(3‬‬
‫‪..,‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫~*~(*~(*‪900 ~=2‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫~(~~ ‪905 ~~ (~. ..0(.).~(.),.‬‬ ‫~ ‪=.. ,‬‬
‫))‪910 ~~=~/(~5*(~*5~~(2‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~~ ‪..,‬‬
‫= ~‪920 ~~1~,. ..~~~~ ,-=-~00‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪930 (~0‬‬

‫‪**...*.-*** ~~(3-4‬‬ ‫**********‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪~(..5‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫~‪~~(~. ..()(8~1‬‬ ‫‪6-7..‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪(~~(.),... (~~(.),. (..(~~ ~0(... ~(3~ 1 .., ~5‬‬
‫~ ‪..,‬‬
‫‪30‬‬ ‫(~~~‪(~~(.). ..(..0~0 ~(5(5.‬‬ ‫‪~(~ ~~~5( 1‬‬
‫‪45‬‬ ‫‪(~~(.),. ..0((..~~ ~~(3(..( (~ 0((3~((5 1 .., ~(..~1‬‬

‫‪571‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫)‪70 )(=4*~.~(1.0‬‬
‫‪80 ~~~=~~~1*)(/180‬‬
‫‪90‬‬ ‫~‪1~=5~~(2)*~5/‬‬
‫‪91 ~)(=)(-~~~+51~(2*~~~)/2‬‬
‫)()‪92 ~0=~5*5~~(~)(/‬‬
‫‪93 ~~1~. ..00.~0.‬‬ ‫)‪~0~ .~()~ ~~~ ~~. (6-35‬‬ ‫‪..,‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪100 ~5=360‬‬
‫‪110 0~~=)(/~5‬‬
‫‪120 50~=0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪122 50~=0‬‬
‫‪124 50(=0‬‬
‫‪130 .)=0‬‬
‫~~~=‪138 .1‬‬
‫‪139 1~ .1))(/3‬‬ ‫‪0~ .1=)(/3‬‬ ‫‪.~~~ .1=)(/3‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫)‪140 ~=0~~*.‬‬
‫‪150 1~=0‬‬
‫)‪155 1(=1~*51~(~-4*)(/3‬‬
‫‪156 1~ ~~~)2*)(/3‬‬ ‫)~~~‪~~0 ~(()(-‬‬ ‫‪.~~~ 1(=0‬‬
‫(‪158 ~~=1~-1‬‬
‫~~*~~‪160 50~=50~+‬‬
‫~‪162 50~=50~+1~*1‬‬
‫(‪164 50(=50(+1(*1‬‬
‫‪170 .)=..1+1‬‬
‫‪180 1~ ~).1 0~ ~=.1 .~~~ 300‬‬
‫‪200 ()0.0 140‬‬
‫‪300 .2=)(/3‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫)‪320 ~=0~~*.‬‬
‫)~(~‪322 1~=1~*51‬‬
‫)‪324 1(=1~*51~(~-4*)(/3‬‬
‫(‪330 ~~=1~-1‬‬
‫~~*~~‪340 50~=50~+‬‬
‫~‪342 50~=50~+1~*1‬‬
‫(‪344 50(=50(+1(*1‬‬
‫‪350 .)=..1+1‬‬
‫~~~‪360 1~ ~).2 0~ ~=.2 .‬‬ ‫‪400‬‬
‫‪370 ()0.0 320‬‬
‫‪400 .3=~~~+)(/3‬‬
‫)‪405 ~=0~~*.‬‬
‫)~(~‪410 1~=1~*51‬‬
‫‪411 1~ ~~~))(/3‬‬ ‫~~~‪~~0 ~(~~~ .‬‬ ‫‪1~=0‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪412 ((=0‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫(‪416 ~~=1~-1‬‬
‫~~*~~‪420 50~=50~+‬‬
‫~‪422 50~=50~+1~*1‬‬
‫((*(‪424 50(=50(+1‬‬
‫‪430 .)=..1+1‬‬
‫~~~‪440 (~ ~).3 0~ ~=.3 .‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬
‫~~~‪450 (~ ~))( 0~ ~=)( .‬‬ ‫‪500‬‬
‫‪460 00.0 405‬‬
‫()=‪500 .4‬‬
‫)‪510 ~=0~~*.‬‬

‫‪572‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪512‬‬ ‫)~(~‪1~=1~*51‬‬
‫‪514‬‬ ‫)‪1(=1~*51~(~-4*~/3‬‬
‫‪520‬‬ ‫(‪~~=1~-1‬‬
‫‪530‬‬ ‫~~*~~‪50~=50~+‬‬
‫‪532‬‬ ‫~‪50~=50~+1~*1‬‬
‫‪534‬‬ ‫(‪50(=50(+1(*1‬‬
‫‪540‬‬ ‫‪..1=..1+1‬‬
‫‪550‬‬ ‫‪1~ ~)14 0~ ~=14 1~~~ 600‬‬
‫‪560‬‬ ‫‪1~ ~)~ 0~ ~=~ 1~~~ 600‬‬
‫‪570‬‬ ‫‪6010 510‬‬
‫‪600‬‬ ‫‪~~1~1 ..~ 0~ 5~~~~~5 = ..,..1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪620‬‬ ‫)‪1~=50~(50~/..1‬‬ ‫~‪.., 1‬‬
‫‪625‬‬ ‫= ~ ~‪~~1~1 ..~~5 ~~~0~ 0~ ~~~5‬‬
‫‪630‬‬ ‫)‪1(=50~(50(/..1‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫(‪.., 1‬‬
‫‪635‬‬ ‫~‪~~1~1 ..~~5 (0~~~~1 0~ ~~~5‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪640‬‬ ‫)‪1~=50~(50~/..1‬‬ ‫~‪.., 1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪645‬‬ ‫= ~ ‪~~ 1~1 ..~~5 ~~~0~ 0~ ~ 1~~ (0~~~~1‬‬
‫‪648‬‬ ‫~*~‪~0=1‬‬ ‫‪..,‬‬
‫‪649‬‬ ‫= ~‪~~1~1 ..~~5 ~~~0~~ 0~ 001~01 ~~~5~ ~0~1~6‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬
‫‪650‬‬ ‫‪~=1~*1~*~*3‬‬
‫‪660‬‬ ‫~ ‪~~ 1~1 ..001~01 ~0~~~.. .‬‬
‫‪670‬‬ ‫~‪~~=3*~5*1‬‬
‫~~ ‪..,‬‬
‫‪680‬‬ ‫= ~~~‪~~ 1~1 ..~0~1-‬‬
‫‪690‬‬ ‫~~‪~~=~/‬‬
‫~~ ‪..,‬‬
‫‪700‬‬ ‫= ~‪~~1~1 ..~~~~ ~~(10‬‬
‫‪900‬‬ ‫‪~~0‬‬
‫‪********* ~~06-5‬‬ ‫**********‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪5 (~5‬‬
‫‪10 ~~~ ..~~6-5..‬‬
‫‪30 01~ ~~~~~(20),‬‬ ‫‪~~~~0(20),‬‬
‫~‪40 ~~~ 0~1~0~~ ~~~ ~~6~~ (~~(0~~110‬‬
‫‪8~(100),‬‬ ‫‪~~(100),‬‬
‫‪1..‬‬
‫)‪~(100‬‬

‫‪50 ~~1~1 ..~0. 0~ ()~1585 ()8... 081~ ~~~18‬‬

‫~~ ‪60 1~~01‬‬
‫‪1..‬‬
‫‪70 ~~ 1~1 ..~00~ 18~ 100 10(8)( 1855 ~080 1‬‬
‫~~~ ‪80 1~~01‬‬ ‫‪,1- 800 ~0... ~0 ,2-‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬
‫‪82 ~~1~1 ..~15~ 0~ ~0~...18... ~08~~1~180~51‬‬ ‫‪~0... ~~5‬‬
‫(~ ‪83 1~~01‬‬ ‫‪100,.‬‬
‫‪84 ~~ 1~1 ..~ 19085~ 0851...80 08.../0001 ~ ~()(111)0080~ 1855 ~080‬‬
‫~~ ‪85 1~~01‬‬
‫‪87 (~5‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫)‪90 ~1=41 *~1~(11‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪97 ~~1~1 ..1987 (0()~...190~ 0~ ~.~. ~85010..‬‬

‫‪98 ~~1~1 ..~19. 8-11 10..,8...~8... ~1~0 ~01~0...01 ~~~..‬‬
‫~~~*)~~‪100 0~~1~=(~1/‬‬
‫‪105 0~~1~0=0~~1~*180/~1‬‬
‫‪110 (~~1~=(~1/~~)/2‬‬
‫‪120 ~~~~~(1)=(~~1~-0~~1~/2‬‬
‫‪130 ~~~~0(1)=~~~~~(1)*180/~1‬‬
‫~~ ‪170 ~0~ ~=2 10‬‬

‫‪573‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫)‪180 ~~~~~(~)=~~~~~(1)+(~1/~~)*(~-1‬‬
‫(~‪190 ~~~~0(~)=~~~~~(~)*180/‬‬
‫~ ‪210 ~~)(1‬‬
‫‪220 ~5=1‬‬
‫~~ ‪225 ~0~ ~=1 10‬‬
‫‪230 ~=0‬‬
‫‪234 8=0‬‬
‫‪240‬‬ ‫~~ ‪~0~ ~=1 10‬‬
‫‪250‬‬ ‫~‪~=51~(~*(~~~~~(~)+0~~1~/2))+‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪253‬‬ ‫‪8=~05(~*(~~~~~(~)+0~~1~/2))+8‬‬
‫‪260‬‬ ‫~ ‪~~)(1‬‬
‫‪265‬‬ ‫~*))‪~~(~)=((4*~5/(~*~1))*51~(~*0~~1~/2‬‬
‫‪270‬‬ ‫‪8~(~)=((4*~5/(~*~1))*51~(~*0~~1~/2))*8‬‬
‫‪272‬‬ ‫)‪~(~)=5~~(~~(~)*~~(~)+8~(~)*8~(~))/5~~(2‬‬
‫‪273‬‬ ‫‪1~ ~~=1 1~~~ ~~1~1 ~~~(~~~) ~ ~~~(~),‬‬ ‫)~~~(~‪~8‬‬ ‫‪= ~8~(~),‬‬ ‫)~~~(~~‬ ‫)~(~~ =‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪275‬‬ ‫~ ‪~~)(1‬‬
‫‪381‬‬ ‫(‪~~ 1~,. ..~0. 0‬‬ ‫~~‪~~ 1585 ~8~ ~81 (-~~~ 18 = ..‬‬
‫‪382‬‬ ‫~‪~~ 1~,. ..~0‬‬ ‫~‪181=10(1 1(108)( = ..~/1‬‬
‫‪383‬‬ ‫‪~~1~,. ..~~158 ..,10~~ 1(1 089~885‬‬ ‫‪..0~~,.~0‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪384‬‬ ‫~~ ‪~0~ ~=1 ,.0‬‬
‫‪386‬‬ ‫‪~~1~,.‬‬ ‫‪..()(..~..1(1089~885‬‬ ‫)~(‪..~~~~0‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪387‬‬ ‫‪~~)(,.‬‬ ‫‪/1‬‬
‫‪388‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1~,.‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬
‫(‪0‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬
‫‪~ ~(108~8(11=81‬‬ ‫‪~/15‬‬ ‫=‪0~~~~1‬‬ ‫‪..,01 ~898‬‬ ‫‪1(1‬‬
‫~‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪1(1~~1= ..,01‬‬
‫‪~898‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~ (1 ) * 100‬‬
‫)‪390 ~)(=~5*5~~(~~*0~~,.~0/180‬‬
‫‪400‬‬ ‫‪~~1~,.‬‬ ‫‪..~/15 0~1=~~~ ..,01~898 85‬‬ ‫(‪~ 0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫=‪1(1~~1‬‬ ‫‪..,01~898‬‬ ‫=‬
‫*()~ ‪..‬‬
‫‪100‬‬
‫‪410‬‬ ‫)‪~~=(5~~(~)(*~)(-~(1)*~(1)))/~(1‬‬
‫‪420‬‬
‫‪425‬‬
‫‪430‬‬
‫‪440‬‬
‫‪450‬‬
‫‪460‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪~~1~,.‬‬
‫‪50/1=0‬‬
‫~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~=2 ,.0 ~/1‬‬
‫~‪..~8~00(11‬‬

‫‪50/1=50/1+(~(~)/(~~2))~2‬‬
‫~ ‪~~)(,.‬‬
‫)‪0~=5~~(50~)/~(1‬‬
‫~‪(8~~0‬‬ ‫‪1(1‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫=‬
‫~‬
‫‪~~*100‬‬

‫‪465‬‬ ‫‪~~1~,.‬‬ ‫~‪..0151=0~1=10(1 (8~~0‬‬ ‫‪1(1‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫=‬

‫‪..‬‬
‫‪0~*100‬‬
‫‪500 ~~0‬‬

‫*********‬ ‫‪~~6-6‬‬ ‫**********‬

‫‪5 ~~5‬‬
‫‪10 ~~~ ..~~6-6.,‬‬
‫)‪30 01/1 ~(25).~(100).~(90),)((90),~~~~(25),~~~~0(25).~~(50).8~(50‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪40 ~~/1 5~~~ ~~6~~ ~~~~0~~,.10‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪50 ~~1~,. ..~0.0( ~~1585 ~8~ ~81( ~~~18‬‬ ‫‪1..‬‬

‫~~ ‪60 1~~0,.‬‬

‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1~1‬‬ ‫‪../100~18~ 10(1 1(108)( 1855‬‬ ‫‪1=~8(1 1 1..‬‬
‫‪80‬‬ ‫‪1~~0,.‬‬ ‫~‪~/1‬‬
‫‪82‬‬ ‫‪~~1~,.‬‬ ‫~‪..~15‬‬ ‫(‪0‬‬ ‫~‪~0~~18‬‬ ‫‪~08((1~18(11=51‬‬ ‫~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~~5‬‬ ‫‪,10‬‬ ‫~‪8(10 (0‬‬ ‫‪~0‬‬ ‫‪,20‬‬ ‫‪,.‬‬
‫‪83‬‬ ‫‪1~~0,.‬‬ ‫~~‬
‫‪84‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1~,.‬‬ ‫=‪.,~ 19~851‬‬ ‫‪085‬‬ ‫‪1 ~80‬‬ ‫‪~8~00(1‬‬ ‫~‪1‬‬ ‫=‪~001~(18(11‬‬ ‫‪1855‬‬ ‫‪1=~8(1‬‬ ‫‪100..‬‬
‫‪85‬‬ ‫‪1~~0,.‬‬ ‫‪~/1‬‬
‫‪87 ~~5‬‬
‫‪90‬‬ ‫=‪~ 1‬‬ ‫‪41‬‬ ‫~‪~,.‬‬ ‫)‪(11‬‬
‫*‬

‫‪574‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪0)( ~. ~.‬‬ ‫‪~85~ 10..‬‬
‫~~‪91 ~~ 1~1 ..1981 ~0~)( 19‬‬ ‫‪5~~~..‬‬
‫~~‪98 ~~1~1 ..~19. 8-13 10 8 ~8 ~1‬‬
‫~~*‪100 ~5=2‬‬
‫‪105 10~=.0001‬‬
‫‪110 ~0~ ~=1 10 ~5‬‬
‫)‪115 5~(~)=((-1)~~)*((~5+2)/~1‬‬
‫‪120 ~~)(1 /1‬‬
‫‪121 ~0~ ~=1 10 ~5 51~~ 2‬‬
‫‪122 ~(~)=/1+1‬‬
‫~ ‪124 ~~)(1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪125 ~0~ /1=2 10 ~5 51~~ 2‬‬
‫‪130 ~(~)=-/1‬‬
‫~ ‪135 ~~)(1‬‬
‫~‪140 ~(1 )=~/1‬‬
‫‪145 )((1)=~1/2‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪150 ~0~ /1=1 10 ~5‬‬
‫‪155 ~0~ 1=1 10 90‬‬
‫‪160 ~=1+1‬‬
‫)‪165 )((~)=(~(1)-~(/1))/5~(/1‬‬
‫))~(()(~‪110 ~(~)=~~~*51‬‬
‫))‪115 )()(=~85()((~)-)((~-1‬‬
‫‪180 1~ )()((10~ 1~~~ 6010 190‬‬
‫‪185 ~~)(1 1‬‬
‫)‪190 ~~~~(/1)=)((1‬‬
‫‪195 ~~)(1 /1‬‬
‫‪200 ~0~ /1=1 10 ~5‬‬
‫‪202 ~~~~0(/1)=~~~~(/1)*180/~1‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪206 ~~)(1 /1‬‬
‫‪220 ~5=1‬‬
‫‪225 ~0~ ~=1 10 ~/1‬‬
‫‪230 ~=0‬‬
‫‪234 8=0‬‬
‫‪240 ~0~ /1=1 10 ~5 51~~ 2‬‬
‫~‪250 ~=~05(~*~~~~(/1))-~05(~*~~~~(/1+1))+‬‬
‫‪253 8=51~(~*~~~~(/1+1))-51~(~*~~~~(/1))+8‬‬
‫‪260 ~~)(1 /1‬‬
‫~*))‪265 ~~(~)=((2*~5)/(~*~1‬‬
‫‪210 8~(~)=((2*~5)/(~*~1))*8‬‬
‫)‪212 ~(~)=50~(~~(~)*~~(~)+8~(~)*8~(~))/50~(2‬‬
‫)‪213 1~ ~~=1 1~~~ ~~1~1 ..~~(..~..‬‬ ‫‪= ..~~(~),‬‬ ‫)‪..8~(..~..‬‬ ‫‪= ..8~(~),‬‬ ‫)‪..~(..~..‬‬ ‫)~(~‪= ..‬‬
‫‪215‬‬ ‫~ ‪~~)(1‬‬
‫~~‪..‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪381‬‬ ‫= ‪~~ 1~1 ..~0. 0~ ~-..1585 ~8 ~81 ~-~)(~ 18‬‬
‫‪..‬‬ ‫~‪.. ~/1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪382‬‬ ‫= ()‪~~ 1~1 /100-..18~ 100 10(8‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬

‫‪383‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1~1 .. ~-..158 ~ 10~~ 10 089 885‬‬
‫‪384‬‬ ‫‪~0~ /1=1 10 ~5‬‬
‫‪386‬‬ ‫)‪~~1~1 ..0(../1..10 089 885 = ..~~~~0(/1‬‬
‫‪381‬‬ ‫‪~~)(1 /1‬‬ ‫) ‪..~( 1‬‬
‫‪388‬‬ ‫~‪~~ 1~1 ..~-..0080180~81 ~/15 0-..~~-..~ 01 ~898 10 ~ 0~ 0~ 10~-..‬‬ ‫‪01 ~898‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪* 100‬‬
‫‪389‬‬ ‫‪~)(=0‬‬
‫‪390‬‬ ‫‪~5=1‬‬
‫‪391‬‬ ‫‪~0~ /1=1 10 ~5 51~~ 2‬‬

‫‪575‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪392‬‬ ‫~~‪~~=~~~~(~+1)-~~~~(~)+‬‬
‫‪394‬‬ ‫‪~~~,. (1‬‬
‫‪396‬‬ ‫)‪~~=~5*5~~(~~/~1‬‬
‫‪400‬‬ ‫~‪,,~1~,. ..~(15 00~~0~ ...01~898 85 ~ 0~ 0~ 10~0~ ...01~89‬‬ ‫‪= 11 ~)(.100‬‬
‫‪408‬‬ ‫)‪~~=(5~~(~~*~~-~(1)*~(1)))/~(1‬‬
‫‪420‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1~,. .1~8...010,,1~ ~8~~0... 1,, ~ = ..‬‬
‫‪~~* 100‬‬
‫‪425‬‬ ‫‪50(1=0‬‬
‫‪430‬‬ ‫‪~0~ ~=2 ,.0 ~(1‬‬
‫‪440‬‬ ‫‪50(1=50~+(~(~)/(~~2))~2‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪450‬‬ ‫~ ‪~~~,.‬‬
‫‪460‬‬ ‫)‪0~=5~~(50~)/~(1‬‬
‫‪465‬‬ ‫‪~~/~,. ..015~0,..~10,, 1=8~~0,.. 1,-, ~ =..‬‬
‫‪0~*100‬‬
‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪~~0‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪********* ~~06-7‬‬ ‫**********‬
‫‪5 ~~5‬‬
‫‪10 ~~~ ..~~06-7..‬‬
‫)‪30 01~ 5~(25),~(25),~(100),~(90),~(90),~~~~(25),~~~~0(25),~~(50),8~(50‬‬
‫~‪40 ~~~ 5~~~ ~~6~~ ~~~~0~~,.10‬‬
‫‪50 ~~ 1~,. ..~0. 01= ~ 15~5 1,-, ~~~ 1=1,..5~ 60 0~9,..~~5 1..‬‬
‫~‪60 /~~0,. ,.,,‬‬
‫‪70 ~~1~,. ..~00 18~10,, 1,,0~)( 1~55 ~~8,-, 1 1..‬‬
‫~~~ ‪80 1~~0,.‬‬
‫‪82 ~~1~,. ..~15~ 01= ~0 ,..1~,.. ~0~1=~1~1~,,~51 ~0,.. ~~5 ,1- 8,-,01=0,.. ~0 ,2-‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬
‫~~ ‪83 1~~0,.‬‬
‫‪84 ~~ 1,.,,,. ..~ 19~~5~ 0~51 ,..~0 ~8,..00,, 1~ ~0/11~0,,~,,~ 1~55 ~~8,, 100..‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫~‪85 1~~0,. ,.,,‬‬
‫‪87 ~~5‬‬
‫)‪90 ~1=41*~,.~(11‬‬
‫‪97 ~~ 1,.,,,. ..1987 ~0~)/...19~~ 0)/ ~. ~. ~85~ 10..‬‬
‫‪98 ~~1~,. ..~19. 8-15 1,-,...~,..~~,.. ~1~~ 0001~1~0 5~~~..‬‬
‫~~*‪100 ~5=2‬‬
‫‪105 ,.0~=.0001‬‬
‫‪110 ~0~ ~=1 ,.0 ,.,,5‬‬
‫)‪115 5~(~)=((-1)~~)*(3*(~5+1)/~1‬‬
‫~ ‪120 ~~~,.‬‬
‫‪121 ~0~ ~=1 ,.0 ~5 5,.~~ 2‬‬
‫‪122 ~(~)=~+1‬‬
‫‪124 ~~~,. (1‬‬
‫‪125 ~0~ ~=2 ,.0 ~5 5,.~~ 2‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪130 ~(~)=-‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~ ‪, 135 ~~~,.‬‬
‫‪.,‬‬
‫‪136 ~~,.=2*,.,,5+2‬‬
‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪~~,.=,.,,~,./2‬‬
‫‪1 0‬‬ ‫~~~=)‪~(1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪~(1)=~1/2‬‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪~0~ ~=1 ,.0 ~5‬‬
‫‪155‬‬ ‫‪~0~ 1=1 ,.0 90‬‬
‫‪160‬‬ ‫‪=1+1‬‬
‫‪165‬‬ ‫)~(~‪(~)=(~(1)-~(~))/5‬‬
‫‪170‬‬ ‫))~(~(‪~(~)=~(1~*51,.,,‬‬

‫‪576‬‬
 ‫‪175‬‬ ‫))‪~~=~85(~(~)-~(~-1‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪180‬‬ ‫‪1~ ~~(.0~ .~~~ 80.0‬‬ ‫‪184‬‬
‫‪182‬‬ ‫‪~~~. 1‬‬
‫‪184‬‬ ‫)‪~~~~01)=~(1‬‬
‫‪186‬‬ ‫‪~~~.‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬

‫‪188‬‬ ‫‪~~~~(~5+1)=~1/3‬‬
‫‪190‬‬ ‫‪~~~~(~5+2)=2*~1/3‬‬
‫‪192‬‬ ‫‪~~5=~5+1‬‬
‫‪194‬‬ ‫‪~0~ ...=~~5.0 ~~.‬‬
‫~~=‪195 .1‬‬ ‫‪+1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪196‬‬ ‫)‪~~~~(...)=~1-~~_~~(.1‬‬
‫‪198‬‬ ‫‪~~~.‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬
‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪~0~ ...=1 .0 ~~.‬‬
‫‪202‬‬ ‫‪~~~~0(...)=~~~~(...)*180/~1‬‬
‫‪206‬‬ ‫‪~~~.‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬
‫‪220 ~5=1‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪225‬‬ ‫~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~=1‬‬ ‫‪.0‬‬ ‫‪~...‬‬
‫‪230 ~=0‬‬
‫‪234 6=0‬‬
‫‪240 ~0~ ...=1.0 ~~. 5.~~ 2‬‬
‫~‪250 ~=(05(~*~~~~(...))-(05(~*~~~~(...+1))+‬‬
‫‪253 8=51~(~*~~~~(...+1))-51~(~*~~~~(...))+8‬‬
‫‪260‬‬ ‫‪~~~.‬‬ ‫‪...‬‬
‫‪265‬‬ ‫~*))‪~~(~)=((2*~5)/(~*~1‬‬
‫‪270‬‬ ‫‪8~(~)=((2*~5)/(~*~1))*8‬‬
‫‪272‬‬ ‫)‪~(~)=50~(~~(~)*~~(~)+8~(~)*8~(~))/50~(2‬‬ ‫)~(~~‬
‫)~~~(~‪~~~(~), ~8‬‬ ‫= )~~~(~~ ‪~8~(~),‬‬
‫‪273‬‬ ‫= )~~~(~~~ ‪1~ ~(=1 .~~~ ~~1~.‬‬
‫‪275‬‬ ‫~ ‪~~~.‬‬
‫‪381‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪382‬‬
‫‪384‬‬
‫‪385‬‬
‫‪386‬‬
‫‪387‬‬
‫~‪~~1~. ..~0.0~ ~~15~5 ~~~ ~81~-~~~1‬‬
‫‪~~ 1~.‬‬
‫‪~~ 1~.‬‬
‫~‪~0‬‬
‫‪~~1~.‬‬
‫‪~~~.‬‬
‫‪...=1 .0 ~~.‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪00~ 18~ 10(1‬‬
‫~~‪..~(191 ~5 8‬‬

‫‪~~~...~1(1 0~9~~~5‬‬
‫‪...‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪..~~.‬‬
‫()~‪(10‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪1 (1 0~9~~~5‬‬

‫=‬
‫~‪~...‬‬

‫)‪~~~~~0(...‬‬
‫‪..‬‬

‫‪..~ ( 1 ) *100‬‬
‫‪..~~(10801~(1~81‬‬ ‫~~~~~‪~...5 0‬‬ ‫~‪...01~89‬‬ ‫~‪1 (1 1. 0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~~~‪1 (1‬‬ ‫~‪...01~89‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪388‬‬ ‫‪~~ 1~.‬‬
‫‪389‬‬ ‫‪~~=0‬‬
‫‪390‬‬ ‫‪~5=1‬‬
‫‪391‬‬ ‫‪~0~ ...=1.0 ~~. 5.~~ 2‬‬
‫‪392‬‬ ‫~~‪~~=~~~~(...+1)-~~~~(...)+‬‬
‫‪394‬‬ ‫‪~~~,.. ...‬‬
‫)‪396 ~~=~5*50~(~~/~1‬‬ ‫‪..‬‬
‫~~~~~‪1~,.. ..~...5 0‬‬ ‫~‪...01~89‬‬ ‫‪85‬‬ ‫~‪1. 0‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫~~~‪1 (1‬‬ ‫~‪...01~89‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪~~*100‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪400‬‬ ‫~~‬
‫)‪408 ~~=(50~(~~*~~-~(1)*~(1)))/~(1‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪..‬‬
‫‪420‬‬ ‫~‪~~1~,.. ..~8~010(11~ ~8~~0‬‬ ‫‪1(1‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪~~*100‬‬
‫‪425‬‬ ‫‪5(.)...=0‬‬
‫‪430‬‬ ‫‪~0~ ~=2 .0 ~...‬‬
‫‪440‬‬ ‫‪5(.)...=5(.)...+(~(~)/(~~2))~2‬‬
‫‪450‬‬ ‫~ ‪~~)(.‬‬
‫‪460‬‬ ‫)‪0~=50~(5(.)...)/~(1‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪1,..,..‬‬
‫~~‪..0 1 5~0‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬ ‫‪0~*100‬‬
‫‪465‬‬ ‫~~‬ ‫‪10(1‬‬ ‫~‪~8~~0‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1.‬‬ ‫=‬

‫‪500‬‬ ‫‪~,..0‬‬

‫‪577‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪~5‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪/(1, ~., 1(. 0‬‬
‫‪1(1300, 1980.‬‬

‫‪1985.‬‬
‫‪, 5. ~.,‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪81001008.0,~. .6., 1-/0~.‬‬
‫‪80 50118, 111~., 1964.‬‬
‫‪818.0, 8. ~.,‬‬
‫‪0. 1-1010., 11,./11~/()/~5 /111/~,.(~,.0,.~~/(5.‬‬

‫‪1-/52/(~, 1.1~51.5,‬‬

‫‪110~~,. ~/~~(,.011/~5 ~ ~011(,.0/.‬‬

‫~ ‪1-/0 5.‬‬
‫‪01‬‬

‫‪1-/0 1(. 0. 1(11-/(), .411 /11(,.00~~(/011 (0 110~~,. ~/~~(,.011/~5. ~01~0~81~~, ~~81‬‬

‫‪51188~)(, .611~)3110=10011 ~1)~~ 80 50118 1,10., 1983.‬‬
‫~~)‪~~~ ~0~/(= 10011 ~1‬‬

‫‪8..1, 110~~,. ~/~~(,.011/~5. 81103))~81= ,6./(30~111131‬‬

‫‪~~81011, ~3.= ~~81011 ~110)180111~~0.,‬‬ ‫‪111~.,‬‬

‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪~18, ~. ~.,‬‬ ‫~‪110~~,. 1)/00‬‬ ‫‪(1110 7/1)1,./5(0,. 0,.~~/(5.‬‬ ‫‪51~,,,~113~~,‬‬ ‫‪1-1~~18, .611~)3110= 11181111111011‬‬
‫)‪01.6)~~1~1~3‬‬ ‫‪.611~111~~~8, 1979.‬‬
‫~‪010‬‬ ‫‪1-/, 5. 8.,‬‬ ‫‪1-/0 ,6.. 5.~0()1-/101-/,‬‬ ‫‪110~~,.‬‬ ‫‪5~/11/~0110~~(0,.‬‬ ‫‪0,.~~/(5.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫=(‪~0~/‬‬ ‫‪10011‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~~)‪~1‬‬ ‫‪80 50118, 111~., 1984.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪010‬‬ ‫‪1-/, 5. 8.,‬‬ ‫‪0.‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪5/..10~01-/,‬‬ ‫‪1-/0,6..‬‬ ‫‪5.8‬‬ ‫‪0()1-/101-/, 110~~,. 5~/11/~0110~~(0,.1),./1/~5.‬‬ ‫~~~‬
‫=(‪~0~/‬‬ ‫~~)‪10011 ~1‬‬ ‫‪80 50118, 111~., 1975.‬‬
‫~‪0~11~,.(1/ ~/~~(,./‬‬ ‫~~‪5‬‬ ‫‪/.1(111~(1/ 6(/1 ~(/.‬‬ ‫‪08‬‬ ‫‪101-/ 1-/, 0.‬‬ ‫‪~.,‬‬ ‫‪1-/0~.‬‬ ‫‪8.‬‬ ‫‪00/..0101-/,‬‬ ‫‪.611~)~~000‬‬
‫‪01118,‬‬ ‫=‪~.1.‬‬ ‫‪~~~1111~~-1-13)), 111~., 1982.‬‬
‫‪00../..1108,‬‬ ‫‪1. ~.,‬‬ ‫‪110~~,.‬‬ ‫‪~011(,.0/‬‬ ‫‪~/(/1 50//0‬‬ ‫‪5((1(~ 1)~1//~~5.‬‬ ‫‪~~81011,‬‬ ‫‪~3.‬‬
‫‪~~8(011‬‬ ‫~‪~110)180111‬‬
‫‪~0.,‬‬ ‫‪111~., 1985.‬‬ ‫=‬

‫~‪1-1100‬‬ ‫‪1-/1-/, 1(., 8(15/~ 11,./11~/()/~5 01110~~,.‬‬ ‫‪~/~~(,.011/~5.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫=()~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪5))~111~~~- ~~~)3~,‬‬ ‫‪1986.‬‬
‫‪1-11-/‬‬ ‫‪10/(,.6.‬‬ ‫‪~.,‬‬ ‫‪1)~5/811 0150//0‬‬ ‫‪5((1(~ 110~~,. 5~()()//~5.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫‪~0~)(= ~311 ~081~3110‬‬ ‫‪~~11100)0‬‬
‫‪~0111))311~, 111~., 1981.‬‬

‫‪578‬‬
 ‫‪1-10~...,‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪0.,‬‬ ‫‪5~8.‬‬ ‫‪..41111//~(1(/0115‬‬
‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪1/(1110000/(.‬‬ ‫‪8~~1111(10,‬‬ ‫(~‪~(111~~ 1111~(11(111011(11 ~~~11~1‬‬ ‫‪~0(-‬‬

‫‪~0((111011,‬‬ ‫‪1974.‬‬

‫‪1-10~...,‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪0.,‬‬ ‫‪5~111/~0110~~(0,‬‬ ‫‪/10~~,‬‬ ‫‪~/~~(,011/~5.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫~~(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~(111 ~081((111(1‬‬ ‫‪~~1110.01(1‬‬ ‫‪~0111-‬‬
‫‪~(111~,‬‬ ‫‪111~.,‬‬ ‫‪1986.‬‬

‫‪1(1-088,‬‬ ‫~‪,.,,., ..4 /3(15/~ 0~/0‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬ ‫‪/10~~,‬‬ ‫‪~/~~(,011/~5.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫~~(‪~0‬‬ ‫~~‪100.11 ~11‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪80118, 111~.,‬‬
‫‪1984.‬‬
‫‪1(1.181(0, ,.,,., 50//0‬‬ ‫~)‪5((1(~ /‬‬ ‫‪~0(0,‬‬ ‫‪/),/11~5.‬‬ ‫~‪~(11110(1(1~~, ~(188.‬‬ ‫‪10.~ ~11‬‬ ‫‪~(~88,‬‬ ‫‪1969.‬‬
‫‪~(11(1~110.~(1(1, 13~(~80.1(~,‬‬ ‫~‪811~1(111(1~~~0((1~-1-11111300‬‬
‫‪1.~1-/1)10~, ~. ~., /10~~, ~/~~(,011/~5.‬‬
‫)‪~0111~(111~ (0.1(.‬‬ ‫‪1.1(1., 1981.‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪1.1001-/~~1),‬‬ ‫‪~.,‬‬ ‫‪~011(,0/‬‬ ‫‪0/ ~/~~(,/~(1/‬‬ ‫‪/),/11~5.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫~~(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪8~(111~~(-~~(1(1~,‬‬ ‫‪1985.‬‬

‫‪1.11-/1)8~~, 1. ~., ~1-/1)~.‬‬ ‫‪1-1. ~~8811),‬‬ ‫‪~/~~(,0111~~11(111/~5 (1110 ~/~~(,/~(1/‬‬ ‫‪~(1~11/11~1)1.‬‬ ‫‪811~1~-‬‬
‫‪~00(1 01~~8, ~ .1. ~ ~(~1111~~-1-1(111, 111~., 1986.‬‬
‫‪1, ~10, ~. ~.,‬‬ ‫‪/10~~,‬‬ ‫‪~01111~,(~, 1/(1110000/(.‬‬ ‫‪~~1~(00(011~0.,‬‬ ‫~‪0111. ~ ~(111(1(11(1110~11~((11 81~~1(1‬‬
‫‪~0111~(111~ 1.1(1., 1976.‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~~21)~,‬‬ ‫‪~. ~.,‬‬ ‫‪711)1,/5(0,‬‬ ‫‪~011(,0/.‬‬ ‫‪~0.1~0.~81~(,‬‬ ‫‪~~81‬‬ ‫~~‪81188~)(, 811~1(111(1~100.11 ~11‬‬ ‫‪~ 80118‬‬
‫‪1,1(1., 1973.‬‬
‫‪~)1~/0~01111~,(~,5.‬‬ ‫‪~(11110(1(1~~, ~(188. ~ 10.~ ~11‬‬
‫‪~~~1.1~~~,‬‬ ‫‪~.,‬‬ ‫‪711~ 711~01)1 (1110 /)~5/811 0/‬‬
‫‪~(~88, 1972.‬‬
‫‪~1.1~..8~,‬‬ ‫‪1. ~.‬‬ ‫‪0.,‬‬ ‫‪711)1,/5(0, ~011(,0/ 0/ ..4~ ~0(0,5.‬‬ ‫‪0)(~0((1~ ~~(~(1111011 ~(~88 1,1(1., 1973.‬‬
‫‪,.,,.,‬‬ ‫‪/10~~,‬‬ ‫‪~/~~(,011/~5-50//0‬‬ ‫‪5((1(~ ~0(0,‬‬ ‫‪~011(,0/.‬‬ ‫‪~~81011, ~(1. ~ ~~81011‬‬
‫‪~10~~~~1-/,‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪~1101180.111~ ~0.,‬‬ ‫‪111~., 1980.‬‬
‫‪~101-1-~, 13. ~., 711)1,/5(0, /111(15~ ~011(,0//~0‬‬ ‫‪~01111~,(0,5‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ~)1~/0~01111~,(~,5.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫~~(‪~ 0‬‬
‫‪100.11 ~11~~ ~ 80118, 111~., 1971.‬‬
‫‪~~~~~00~...~,‬‬ ‫‪~.,‬‬ ‫‪..411 111(,00~~(/011‬‬ ‫‪(0 711)1,/5(0,5‬‬ ‫‪(1110 711~/, ..41111//~(1(/0115.‬‬ ‫‪1.011(1011~ ~(1~-‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪111111(111‬‬
‫~‪~~~88‬‬

‫‪~1~10, 1,. ~.‬‬

‫‪~1101180.~(8 1.1(1., 1978.‬‬

‫‪11011, 1970.‬‬
‫‪~0810,‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬
‫‪~,‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬

‫‪5~8.‬‬

‫‪1. /10~~,‬‬
‫‪8., /10~~,‬‬
‫‪1,011(1011~ ~0.(1~111(111~ 1-1(1111.1(1., 1982.‬‬
‫‪/)~5/811~,5‬‬
‫‪~/~~(,011/~5-711)1,/5(0,‬‬

‫‪~118/11~~,/118‬‬
‫‪1/(1110000/(.‬‬
‫‪~011(,0//~0‬‬

‫~‪~1118011(~0., ~(1. ~ ~~81111~0.0118‬‬

‫‪(15/118 711)1,/5(0,5,‬‬
‫‪/10~~,‬‬ ‫‪/0,‬‬ ‫~‪~/~~(,/‬‬

‫~‪81~~1(1‬‬

‫‪~ 0/. 1, 1.011(1011~ ~1111(1((11,1(1.,‬‬

‫‪~0(0,5.‬‬

‫‪~0(~0((1-‬‬

‫‪1970.‬‬
‫‪8101-/, ~. ~.,‬‬ ‫‪711)1,/5(0,‬‬ ‫~)‪/‬‬ ‫‪/),/11~5.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫~~(‪~0‬‬ ‫~~‪100.11 ~11‬‬ ‫‪~ 80118, 111~., 1981.‬‬
‫‪80-1~10~10~,‬‬ ‫‪1.,‬‬ ‫‪8.~~(///~,‬‬ ‫‪0,~~/(5-711~0,)1‬‬ ‫‪(1110 /)~5/811.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫~~(‪~ 0‬‬ ‫~~‪100.11 ~11‬‬ ‫~‬ ‫‪80118,‬‬
‫‪111~., 1965.‬‬
‫‪810~10~1-/8, ~. ~., ~1-/1) 0.‬‬ ‫‪131-00~.,‬‬ ‫‪~00~,11‬‬ ‫~)‪/)~-(0-/‬‬ ‫‪5~/(~1111100~ /10~~,‬‬ ‫‪~01111~,(~,‬‬ ‫‪0,~~/(5.‬‬
‫~~~‬ ‫~~(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~(111 ~081((111(1 ~~1110.01(1 ~0111~(111~, 111~., 1985.‬‬
‫‪8...10~101-/, ~. 8., ~/~~(,/~(1/ ~(1~11/11~5 (1110 /10~~,‬‬ ‫‪~/~~(,011/~5.‬‬ ‫‪~(1~111~0.(1111, 13~(~80.1(~,‬‬ ‫‪811~-‬‬
‫‪1(111(1~~(111 ~081((111(1 ~~1110.01(11,1(1.,‬‬ ‫‪1983.‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪711)1,/5(0,5-711~0,)1‬‬ ‫‪(1110 ..41111//~(1(/0115.‬‬ ‫~~~‬
‫‪81.1~~1-/1)81,‬‬ ‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪1(.,‬‬ ‫‪~1-/1) 1(. 1(. 81.1~~1-/1)81.‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~~(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1-1(1181~(1~(~88,‬‬ ‫‪1984.‬‬

‫‪,,0~~,‬‬ ‫‪~01111~,5/011.‬‬ ‫‪111(11(111(1~0118,111(1.~ 1-10~(1((1‬‬
‫~(‪1 ~~...10~, ~. 8., /1,/11(/11/~5 0/ 50//0-5((1‬‬
‫‪~.‬‬ ‫‪8(11118 ~ ~0111~(111~, ~1101180.~(8 111~., 1985.‬‬
‫‪~101-1-8,‬‬ ‫‪~.,‬‬ ‫‪5((1(/~ /10~~,‬‬ ‫‪~01111~,(~,5.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫~~(‪~0‬‬ ‫~~‪100.11 ~11‬‬ ‫‪~ 80118, 111~., 1962.‬‬
‫‪~11-1-1~~813.‬‬ ‫‪~.,‬‬ ‫‪/10~~,‬‬ ‫‪~/~~(,011/~5,‬‬ ‫‪/)~11/~~5, /),/11~,5‬‬ ‫~~~ ‪(1110..41111//~(1(/0115,‬‬ ‫‪~ 0(~~ 1-1(1181~(1‬‬
‫‪~(~88, 1987.‬‬
‫‪~001),‬‬ ‫‪~.,‬‬ ‫‪5~/(~11/118‬‬ ‫‪/10~~,‬‬ ‫‪~01111~,(~,5.‬‬ ‫~~~‬ ‫~~(‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~(111 ~081((111(1 ~~1110.01(1 ~0111~(111~,‬‬
‫‪111~., 1981.‬‬

‫‪579‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~~‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪0~1,,,~5, 339‬‬

‫‪5)111~/1~0110115‬‬
‫~‪~11~1‬‬
‫‪~0/11/11111311011‬‬
‫‪0~13)1,‬‬ ‫‪57,‬‬
‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~11~~~111-5011~~~,‬‬
‫‪111011~11011 /11010~5,‬‬

‫‪79‬‬
‫‪363‬‬

‫‪/11010~5,‬‬
‫‪340‬‬

‫‪0~ 0,,,~~13)),‬‬
‫‪369‬‬

‫‪49‬‬
‫~‪81))013‬‬
‫) ‪(~011(().‬‬
‫)‪)1111~110111~31151510~5 (8115‬‬

‫‪0~ ~3111 01, 424‬‬

‫‪))~~10~/11311~~ ))3~3/11~1~~5 01, 424‬‬
‫‪51~(0)1-5131~ ~/13~3~1~~1511~5 01, 413‬‬
‫‪5.,,,,11~/1111~~/13~3~1~~1511~5 01, 418‬‬
‫‪810~/(111~ /1100~, 4‬‬
‫‪8~~3/(00.,,,,11 ,,,0113~~, 434‬‬

‫‪(15))13~~/11~111,‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪~)(1111~11011,‬‬ ‫‪145‬‬
‫‪11~111~, 79‬‬
‫‪~3))3~11311~~,‬‬ ‫‪~0/11/11111311011,‬‬ ‫‪74‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪))0.,,,,~~ 13~10~,‬‬ ‫‪545‬‬
‫~~))))‪~/10‬‬ ‫‪0~1,,,~5,‬‬ ‫‪313‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪10~~11~,‬‬ ‫‪372‬‬ ‫~~‪))0.,,,,‬‬ ‫‪~0111~01‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪313‬‬

‫~‪~ ,,,31311~/1‬‬ ‫‪0~~3/(00.,,,,11,‬‬ ‫‪469‬‬
‫~‪~~~~11~~311,,,‬‬ ‫~(‪0~3/‬‬ ‫‪~0111~01‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪315‬‬
‫~‪~/1~051311‬‬ ‫~(‪0~3/‬‬ ‫‪~0111~01‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪317‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪1.,,,,0/1011~-~1130~3111,‬‬ ‫‪319‬‬
‫‪~/10))))~~5‬‬
‫‪835~ 5))~~0, 298‬‬
‫‪~13551~31,‬‬ ‫‪205‬‬
‫)‪81))0)3~ )1111~110111~31151510~5 (8115‬‬
‫‪1/11))1115~-~0/11/1111131~0,‬‬ ‫‪205,‬‬ ‫‪210‬‬
‫‪035~ 0~1,,,~ ~0111~01 01, 436‬‬
‫‪/1111111))/135~,‬‬ ‫‪321‬‬
‫‪0313 5/1~~1 01, 426‬‬
‫‪~~50113111‬‬ ‫‪))1115~,‬‬ ‫‪212‬‬

‫‪580‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~/10~~~(5‬‬ ‫)‪(~0/1(0.‬‬ ‫)‪~0111(01 (~0/1(0.‬‬
‫‪51~~-00~11,‬‬ ‫‪180‬‬ ‫‪,,,011~~~ ~110 1(~().11~11~)1, 358‬‬
‫‪,,,0115//1~(12,‬‬ ‫‪358‬‬
‫‪51~~-11~,‬‬ ‫‪186‬‬
‫‪1/1)1(1510(,‬‬ ‫‪204‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~(5‬‬
‫‪~0(11(11111~11011,‬‬ ‫‪49,‬‬ ‫‪56‬‬ ‫‪~~ ,,,011~~~, 137‬‬
‫‪~11)(111~()1,‬‬ ‫‪61‬‬ ‫‪~01)1~011-~01111~~1~0,‬‬ ‫‪160‬‬
‫‪~~~~~110(5,‬‬ ‫‪74‬‬ ‫‪5111~1~-~/1~5~ 0101(~~11011~1,‬‬ ‫‪142‬‬
‫‪~0(11~1~(11~111~()1,‬‬ ‫‪67,‬‬ ‫‪266‬‬ ‫‪5111~1~-~/1~5~,‬‬ ‫‪145‬‬
‫‪~11((~111,‬‬ ‫‪65‬‬ ‫~‪1/1(~~-~/1~5‬‬ ‫‪0101(~~11011~1,‬‬ ‫‪157‬‬
‫‪~)(1~01~1‬‬ ‫‪~1115~,‬‬ ‫‪69‬‬ ‫~‪1/1(~~-~/1~5‬‬ ‫‪11111-~~,,,~, 154‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪10(~~0, 57‬‬ ‫~‪1/1(~~-~/1~5‬‬ ‫‪/1~11-~~,,,~,‬‬ ‫‪148‬‬
‫‪1(11~1115~,‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪1111101(~~11011~1,‬‬ ‫‪140‬‬

‫‪1111~-510~,‬‬ ‫‪69‬‬
‫‪~011,,,~(1~(5‬‬

‫‪10~0-510~,‬‬ ‫‪69‬‬ ‫‪~~-~~,‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫‪11~111(~1 0( 1111~, 57‬‬ ‫‪~~-0~,‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪(~5011~111 ~1115~, 64‬‬ ‫‪0~-~~,‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫‪5~11, 58‬‬ ‫‪0~-0~,‬‬ ‫‪10, 180‬‬
‫‪5011, 215‬‬ ‫‪011~1, 78, 87‬‬
‫‪11(11~, 58‬‬ ‫‪11)10~~/(, 285‬‬
‫‪,,,011~~~, 61‬‬ ‫‪11111,77, 84‬‬
‫(~‪~0(11~111‬‬ ‫‪~(0~(~(115,‬‬ ‫‪567‬‬ ‫‪11111-0(10~~,‬‬ ‫‪287‬‬
‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪/1~11-0(10~~, 287‬‬
‫‪~0~~11,,,~,‬‬ ‫‪365‬‬ ‫‪011~-().11~0(~111,‬‬ ‫‪77‬‬

‫‪~11115~111(~11011,‬‬ ‫‪439‬‬ ‫‪~115/1-~1111,‬‬ ‫‪287‬‬

‫‪0~5~ 0(1,,,~, 436‬‬ ‫‪5~(111-,‬‬ ‫‪77‬‬

‫‪~/10~~~(, 313‬‬ ‫~‪5111~1~-~/1~5‬‬ ‫‪~0111(011~0,‬‬ ‫‪78‬‬

‫ﺔ‬‫‪~105~0-100~, 323, 365, 376‬‬
‫‪~11((~111,‬‬
‫‪~)(1111~11011‬‬
‫‪1(~().11~119,‬‬
‫‪361‬‬

‫‪(111~(0~0(11~111~(,‬‬
‫‪011-011,‬‬ ‫‪138‬‬
‫‪~11~1~,‬‬
‫‪356‬‬
‫‪108‬‬

‫‪332‬‬
‫~‪5111~1~-~/1~5‬‬
‫~‪5111~1~-~/1~5‬‬
‫~‪5111~1~-~/1~5‬‬
‫~‪5111~1~-~/1~5‬‬
‫~‪5~11~/1111‬‬
‫~‪1/1(~~-~/1~5‬‬
‫‪011~1,‬‬
‫‪11111, 84‬‬
‫‪5~(111, 80‬‬
‫‪5~(1~5,‬‬

‫‪11111~110115 01,‬‬
‫‪011~1,‬‬
‫‪87‬‬

‫‪105‬‬
‫‪90‬‬

‫‪554‬‬

‫‪~/1~5~-10~/(~0-100~,‬‬ ‫‪330‬‬ ‫~‪1/1(~~-~/1~5‬‬ ‫‪11111, 101‬‬

‫‪~/1~5~,‬‬ ‫‪140‬‬ ‫~‪1/1(~~-~/1~5‬‬ ‫‪/1~11-~~,,,~,‬‬ ‫‪95‬‬

‫‪~/1~5~-015~1~~~(11~111,‬‬ ‫‪246‬‬ ‫~‪1/1(~~-~/1~5‬‬ ‫‪5~(111, 99‬‬

‫‪~0~~(,‬‬ ‫‪313‬‬ ‫‪1~0-().11~0(~111,‬‬ ‫‪77‬‬

‫‪~(0~0(11011~1‬‬ ‫‪0~5~,‬‬ ‫‪437‬‬ ‫‪~001111~,‬‬ ‫‪514‬‬

‫‪~1115~-~101/1-(1100111~11011,‬‬ ‫‪112‬‬ ‫‪0)110(~~0‬‬ ‫‪~1(,‬‬ ‫‪516‬‬
‫‪(~~~11~(~11,,,~ 0(~/(~, 315‬‬ ‫‪0)1 /1~~1‬‬ ‫‪~1~~5,‬‬ ‫‪517‬‬

‫‪(/1~051~11~ 0(~/(~, 317‬‬ ‫‪11().1110,‬‬ ‫‪516‬‬

‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪(010( ,,,011~~~, 349‬‬ ‫(~‪~(0~0‬‬ ‫‪~1(~1111, 538‬‬
‫‪~11((~111 ~~111, 470,‬‬ ‫‪514‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪5111115010~1 ~1115~-~101/1 (1100111~11011, 114‬‬

‫‪511~ ~0~~(,‬‬ ‫‪351‬‬ ‫‪~)1~10~011,,,~(1~(5‬‬
‫‪51~10( ,,,011~~~, 347‬‬ ‫‪5111~1~-~/1~5~, 166‬‬
‫‪5)1(11(11~1(1~~1 ~11~1~, 110‬‬ ‫‪1/1(~~-~/1~5~,‬‬ ‫‪168‬‬
‫‪11~, 156‬‬
‫‪111(11-011,‬‬ ‫‪437‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪111(11-011,‬‬ ‫‪436‬‬ ‫‪0~(11~111~ 1~~10(,‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬
‫‪,,,~~10(,‬‬ ‫‪365‬‬ ‫‪0~(11~111~ (~110, 21, 522‬‬

‫‪581‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪0(1,,,~8, 296‬‬
‫‪~/10))))~( ~0111(01, 313‬‬
‫‪~108~0-100)) ~0111(0) 0(, 323‬‬ ‫(‪~3~10‬‬
‫‪1111~(0~0111))111~( ~0111(01 0(, 332‬‬ ‫‪(18))13~~111~111,‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬

‫))‪))/138~-10~/(~0-100‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01, 330‬‬ ‫‪01810(11011,‬‬ ‫‪229‬‬

‫‪8111~)~-))/138~ ~0111(01, 300‬‬ ‫‪(0(111, 30‬‬

‫‪8111~1~-))/138~ 01131-~011,,,~(1~( ~0111(01 304‬‬ ‫‪/13(1110111~, 30, 228‬‬
‫‪8111~1~-))/138~ (1111-~011,,,~(1~( ~0111(01 , ,303‬‬ ‫‪/(1))111 ))0~~(,‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪0,,,~(0(1,,,~, 417‬‬
‫(~‪8111~1~-))/138~ /13)(-~3,,,~-~011,,,~(1‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪~0111(01, 301‬‬ ‫‪))0~~(,‬‬ ‫‪107,‬‬ ‫‪545‬‬
‫‪(1))))1~,‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪8111~1~-))/138~ 8~1111~011,,,~(1~( ~0111(01, 302‬‬
‫~‪1/1(~~-))/138‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01, 307‬‬ ‫‪80(111~88,‬‬ ‫‪384‬‬

‫~‪1/1(~~-))/138‬‬ ‫(~‪01131-~011,,,~(1‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪309‬‬ ‫(~‪1(3118(0(111‬‬ ‫‪1111112311011‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬

‫~‪1/1(~~-))/138‬‬ ‫‪(1111-~011,,,~(1~( ~0111(01, ,308‬‬ ‫‪~31111 ~11((~111‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫~‪1/1(~~-))/138‬‬ ‫(~‪/131(-~3,,,~-~011,,,~(1‬‬ ‫‪~11/1‬‬ ‫‪3~ 8011(~~,‬‬ ‫‪538‬‬

‫‪~0111(01, 308‬‬ ‫‪~11/1‬‬ ‫‪0~ 8011(~~,‬‬ ‫‪540‬‬

‫‪))(08))~~11,,,~,‬‬ ‫‪531‬‬
‫~‪1/1(~~-))/138‬‬ ‫‪8~1111~011,,,~(1~( ~0111(01, 308‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪111010(8‬‬ ‫‪~111~(8‬‬
‫‪038~ 8))~~0‬‬ ‫‪0(, 298‬‬ ‫‪3~, 45‬‬
‫‪~/13(3~1~(1811~8 0(, 297‬‬ ‫‪0~, 44‬‬
‫‪(1~10 ~0111(01 0(, 298‬‬ ‫‪~1(111~ ~1(~11118 0( 1/1~(1810(8, 507‬‬
‫‪~0(~3(0‬‬ ‫‪0(~3/(00~11‬‬ ‫‪,,,0113~~, 469‬‬
‫‪1113~11~112311011 ~/13(3~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪0(, 298‬‬
‫‪8~(1~8, 299‬‬ ‫(~‪~011(1‬‬ ‫‪31131~818, 564‬‬
‫‪,,,0113~~ ~0111(01 0(, 298‬‬ ‫~~‪~(~()11~11‬‬
‫‪0~30‬‬ ‫‪2011~, 255‬‬ ‫‪03(11))~0‬‬ ‫‪113111(31, 522‬‬
‫‪0//0/,‬‬ ‫‪456‬‬ ‫‪(~80113111, 21‬‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫‪))(01~~11011,‬‬
‫‪0100~8‬‬
‫‪~/13(3~1~(1811~8‬‬
‫‪474‬‬

‫‪0(, 383‬‬
‫‪~01111111113110110(, 33‬‬
‫‪(381 (~~0,,,~(~,‬‬ ‫‪387‬‬
‫‪(111~111~, 21‬‬
‫‪111103(11))~0 113111(31, 522‬‬
‫‪~118~8‬‬
‫‪~11((~111/11111~ ~/13(3~1~(1811~8‬‬
‫‪0313 8/1~~1 0(, 534‬‬
‫‪0(, 533‬‬

‫‪((~~~/1~~1111~,‬‬ ‫‪17, 23, 228‬‬ ‫‪~118111~, 531‬‬

‫‪~~11~(31 ))11())08~,‬‬ ‫‪386‬‬
‫‪1~3/(3~~ ~11((~111, 384‬‬
‫‪))3(311~1 ~01111~~1~0, 408‬‬
‫~~‪))~((0(111311‬‬ ‫‪))3(3111~1~(8‬‬ ‫‪0(, 388‬‬
‫‪5~/1011/(~,‬‬ ‫‪387‬‬ ‫‪031~ ~/13(~~, 451‬‬
‫‪8~(1~8 ~01111~~1~0, 406‬‬ ‫‪0108,‬‬ ‫‪494‬‬
‫‪018))13~~111~111 (3~10(,‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪~/13(3~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪0(, 494‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪01810(11011‬‬ ‫‪0313 8/1~~1 0(, 495‬‬
‫‪(3~10(, 229‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪8111100~( ~1(~1111 0(, 502‬‬

‫‪10131 /13(1110111~, 229‬‬
‫‪0(1,,,~8‬‬
‫‪3~, 339‬‬
‫‪0~, 296, 369‬‬
‫‪81311~ 1((3111~(,‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪1-13(1110111~8‬‬
‫‪81311~ 5~/1~(01118,‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪10~~81-0(0~(,‬‬ ‫‪229‬‬
‫‪0111~ ~~~1~, 10‬‬ ‫‪(~011~11011,‬‬ ‫‪248‬‬
‫‪011/0/, 456‬‬ ‫‪1-1~31 8111/(8,‬‬ ‫‪514‬‬
‫‪))(01~~11011,‬‬ ‫‪476‬‬ ‫~‪1-1010111‬‬ ‫‪~11((~111,‬‬ ‫‪469‬‬

‫‪582‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~05~818‬‬ ‫)‪(~0/1((/.‬‬
‫~~‪~~(10(111(111‬‬ ‫‪~11(1((1~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪445‬‬
‫‪11101.1~11011 111010(8,‬‬ ‫‪340‬‬ ‫~‪81~(10~-81(11‬‬ ‫‪~11(1((1~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪442‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111 ~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪361‬‬ ‫‪~11(1((1~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪444‬‬
‫‪8~11~111118‬‬
‫‪11~10-~~(1~~111118‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪358‬‬ ‫‪~051018,‬‬ ‫‪452‬‬
‫~~‪1(~~1.1~11‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪356‬‬ ‫‪~11(1((1~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪453‬‬
‫~~‪~~(10(111(111‬‬ ‫‪~11(1((1~1~(1811~8‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪341‬‬ ‫‪0(11(1 811~~1 01,‬‬ ‫‪454‬‬
‫(‪(010‬‬ ‫~‪,,,011(18‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪349‬‬

‫(~~‪811~ ~0‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬

‫(‪81(110‬‬ ‫~‪,,,011(18‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪347‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫~‪,,,011(18‬‬ ‫~~‪(1110 1(~~1.1~11‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬ ‫‪01,‬‬ ‫‪358‬‬
‫‪011-81(11~ ~1.1((~111, 469‬‬
‫‪,,,011(18~,‬‬ ‫‪~1.1((~111,‬‬ ‫~~‪(1110 1(~~1.1~11‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01‬‬
‫‪0~11~01.1~1~(8,‬‬ ‫‪462‬‬
‫‪01, 364‬‬
‫‪111,,,~(1~(8, 11, 226‬‬
‫‪(11.1)(111(1(~-~01111111.11(11~0,‬‬ ‫‪265‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪~0111~1~111~111(1(~-~01111111.11(11~0,‬‬ ‫‪266‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111-801.1(~~,‬‬ ‫‪273,‬‬ ‫‪274‬‬ ‫‪~111~11-011 ,,,011(18~, 441‬‬
‫~‪11.111-0(108‬‬ ‫‪8~(1~8‬‬ ‫‪(~8011(1111,‬‬ ‫‪256,‬‬ ‫‪260‬‬
‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪0~,,,1~~8, 8‬‬

‫‪8(1111 01,‬‬ ‫‪226‬‬

‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~1~~1(0111~8, 1‬‬
‫~‪11(111-0(108‬‬ ‫‪8~(1~8‬‬ ‫‪(~8011(1111,‬‬ ‫‪255,‬‬ ‫‪261‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪1(1~10(, 107,‬‬ ‫‪545‬‬
‫‪~~~1.1(((1~,‬‬ ‫‪266‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪~1.118~8, 519‬‬
‫‪8~(1~8‬‬ ‫‪(~8011(1111,‬‬ ‫‪251‬‬ ‫(~~‪~0‬‬ ‫‪81.1~~11~8, 284‬‬
‫‪(1~, 290‬‬
‫~‪811181~-~11(18‬‬ ‫‪0(108~,‬‬ ‫‪230,‬‬ ‫‪235,‬‬ ‫‪555,‬‬ ‫‪557‬‬
‫~‪111(~~-~11(18‬‬ ‫‪0(108~,‬‬ ‫‪233‬‬
‫‪0101(~~11011(11, 289‬‬
‫~‪,,,(1(1(101‬‬ ‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪1111~, 276‬‬ ‫‪0101(~~11011(11 (1~, 291‬‬
‫~‪,,,011(18‬‬ ‫‪~0111(01,‬‬ ‫‪239,‬‬ ‫‪247‬‬ ‫‪0~, 285‬‬
‫‪,,,011(18~-801.1(~~,‬‬ ‫‪274‬‬ ‫‪(~8011(1111 (1~, 291‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪1801(111011‬‬
‫‪01 8(11~ (1110 0(18~ 0(1,,,~, 461‬‬
‫‪/2( 10( 11.181118,401‬‬
‫‪(~8011(1111 0~, 288‬‬
‫‪8~11~11~0 11100~ (1~, 290‬‬
‫‪8~11~11~0 11100~ 0~, 285‬‬
‫‪~(08((11118, ~0111~1.11~(, 567‬‬
‫‪~(01~~110118,‬‬
‫‪0~ ~(0~0(1(,‬‬
‫‪514‬‬
‫‪538‬‬
‫‪~1.1((~111,‬‬ ‫‪531‬‬
‫‪1.(11~111118 ~1.1((~111,‬‬ ‫‪469‬‬
‫‪,,,011(18~,‬‬ ‫‪527‬‬
‫‪1.~1-111(01.1811‬‬ ‫‪~11~(8~,‬‬ ‫‪533‬‬
‫‪~1.118~ 1((111810(111~(,‬‬ ‫‪462‬‬

‫‪~(1811~11~ ~1(~1.1118, 549‬‬

‫‪~(1110‬‬
‫‪~001.11(111011‬‬
‫‪0(1111~1118,‬‬ ‫‪522‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫‪1(~~1.1~11~~, 182‬‬
‫‪(~~1111~(111011,‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬
‫‪1110~)(, 114, 240‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫‪11.1(118, 25‬‬
‫‪11100111~0‬‬ ‫‪81111.18010(11‬‬ ‫‪~1.118~-~10111,‬‬ ‫‪245‬‬
‫~~‪~~(1~1(111‬‬
‫‪1111.1111~1~-~1.118~-~10111,‬‬ ‫‪241‬‬
‫‪~1(~1.11(111118 ~1.1((~111,‬‬ ‫‪89‬‬
‫‪~1.118~-~10111,112, 181, 240‬‬
‫‪~01111111.11(111118, 49‬‬
‫‪81111.18010(11‬‬ ‫‪~1.118~-~10111,‬‬ ‫‪114,‬‬ ‫‪243‬‬
‫‪8~11~11(01101.18,‬‬ ‫‪370‬‬
‫‪1.111110(111‬‬ ‫‪~1.118~-~10111,‬‬ ‫‪241‬‬
‫‪~~~0,,,~(~0‬‬ ‫‪~11(1(8~,‬‬ ‫‪385‬‬
‫‪~05~818,‬‬ ‫‪440‬‬
‫‪0(11(1 811~~1 01, 446‬‬ ‫‪~~~1111~(8,‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪8(11~ 0(1,,,~ 01, 452‬‬

‫‪0(108~, 33‬‬

‫‪583‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻛﺗﺑﺔ ﺭُﺷﺩ‬
‫‪~~~11(1~15‬‬ ‫)‪(~011(0.‬‬ ‫‪,..‬‬
‫‪~11~11110~51~11 0(, 44‬‬
‫‪~01111011~0, 10, 77‬‬
‫)(‪13‬‬ ‫‪~11311~~15‬‬
‫‪~((1~1~11~~, 30‬‬
‫‪1111116()035~ 5131, 38‬‬ ‫‪5111~1~-()1135~,‬‬ ‫‪161‬‬

‫‪5111~1~-()035~ 0110~~,‬‬ ‫‪33, 557,‬‬ ‫‪559‬‬ ‫‪5~11~010110115,‬‬ ‫‪164‬‬

‫‪5111~1~-()035~ 031(-~3,,,~,‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪10~1111311111()~0311~~,‬‬ ‫‪518‬‬

‫~‪101~~-()035‬‬ ‫‪0110~~,‬‬ ‫‪41‬‬ ‫‪111~1111311~5151311~~,‬‬ ‫‪391,‬‬ ‫‪515‬‬

‫‪~~~11131015‬‬ ‫‪10~111131‬‬ ‫‪11111~ ~011513111,‬‬ ‫‪517‬‬

‫ﻣ‬
‫‪00051, 193‬‬ ‫‪1111~511010‬‬ ‫‪,,,0113~~,‬‬ ‫‪441‬‬

‫‪011~/(, 190‬‬ ‫‪111~1151015‬‬

‫‪011~/(-00051,‬‬ ‫‪196‬‬ ‫‪35~111111~111~31,‬‬ ‫‪483‬‬

‫‪~1.1/(, 199‬‬ ‫‪01011~~60113111100~,‬‬ ‫‪482‬‬

‫‪(1~03~/(,‬‬ ‫‪196‬‬ ‫‪~11313~1~11511~5 0(, 468‬‬

‫ﻛﺗﺑ‬
‫‪5~11~0111~ 11100~, 189‬‬ ‫‪0313 50~~1 0(, 486‬‬
‫‪~~13~5,‬‬ ‫‪50110-5131~,‬‬ ‫‪132‬‬ ‫‪(351 5~11~11111~, 480‬‬
‫~~‪~~5151311‬‬ ‫‪~81-~01111011~0,‬‬ ‫‪484‬‬
‫‪011-5131~, 451‬‬ ‫‪(11111~ ~11~111150(, 507‬‬
‫‪111~111131, 391, 515‬‬ ‫‪~31~ 355151~0 111111-0((, 3‬‬
‫‪~~,,,~15~ ~1111~111, 470‬‬ ‫‪~31~ ()101~~6011 ~11~11115, 509‬‬
‫~‪~~,,,~15‬‬ ‫‪1~~0,,,~1~,‬‬ ‫‪385‬‬ ‫‪~31~-111111-0((, 481‬‬
‫‪11~1113~6,,,31~0, 484‬‬
‫‪()31311~1 0()~1311011 0(, 507‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪()~1(01111311~~ ()313111~1~15 0(, 485‬‬

‫‪()1135~-~0111101, 480‬‬
‫‪5311113611~ ~1131~~, 418‬‬ ‫‪1~,,,~15~ ~011011~611~, 482‬‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫‪511(), 341‬‬
‫‪5111100~15, 459, 520‬‬
‫‪11011-01551()36,,,~, 524‬‬
‫‪0()6111111110~51~11 0(, 523‬‬
‫‪5()~~0‬‬
‫‪035~,‬‬ ‫‪298,‬‬ ‫‪357‬‬
‫‪5~11~5 0()~136011‬‬
‫‪5136~ 111011~6011, 3, 483‬‬
‫‪111111-0(( 0(, 479‬‬
‫‪111111-0110(, 472‬‬
‫‪1~0-11311515101‬‬
‫‪0(, 504‬‬

‫‪11100~1 0(, 470‬‬

‫‪1~()~5 0(, 479‬‬
‫‪5~11~1110110115,‬‬ ‫‪340‬‬ ‫~‪11111‬‬
‫~‪51311‬‬ ‫‪1(13111~1‬‬ ‫‪011,,,~,‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪3,,,311301~ 111111-0((, 61, 206‬‬
‫~‪5136‬‬ ‫‪5~0~101115‬‬ ‫‪011,,,~,‬‬ ‫‪350‬‬ ‫‪~11~1111111111-0((, 61‬‬
‫‪5~11~0~5‬‬ ‫‪~011111111136011, 206‬‬
‫‪3~ 5136~,‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪0~13~,‬‬ ‫‪419,‬‬ ‫‪473‬‬
‫‪01011~~601131,‬‬ ‫‪143‬‬ ‫‪(311, 445‬‬
‫~‪0‬‬ ‫‪51311~,‬‬ ‫‪11,‬‬ ‫‪130‬‬ ‫‪(01~310‬‬ ‫‪1~~0,,,~1~, 386,403‬‬
‫~‪5111~1~-()035‬‬ ‫‪3~,‬‬ ‫‪125‬‬ ‫‪1~,,,~15~ 1~~0,,,~1~, 384, 400‬‬
‫ُﺭ‬
‫~‪1111~~-()1135‬‬ ‫‪3~,‬‬ ‫‪127‬‬ ‫‪115~, 445,‬‬ ‫‪473‬‬
‫ﺷﺩ‬

‫~‪1111~~-()1135‬‬ ‫‪1~,,,~15111~,‬‬ ‫‪127‬‬ ‫‪51013~~, 419‬‬

‫~‪5~11~11111‬‬ ‫‪(1111~6011,‬‬ ‫‪36,‬‬ ‫‪554‬‬ ‫‪111111-0((, 5, 425,‬‬ ‫‪492‬‬
‫‪5~11~1110110115‬‬ ‫‪11101015,‬‬ ‫‪369‬‬ ‫‪111111-0(( 0~13~,‬‬ ‫‪445‬‬
‫)(‪~105~0-100‬‬ ‫‪~0111101‬‬ ‫‪0(,‬‬ ‫‪376‬‬ ‫‪111.11-011, 424,‬‬ ‫‪473‬‬
‫‪~~1111011~3110101,‬‬ ‫‪370‬‬ ‫‪11111~ ~011513111, 325‬‬
‫‪()~1111311~111-1113~11~1,‬‬ ‫‪375‬‬ ‫‪51013~~,‬‬ ‫‪419‬‬
‫‪1~111~1311~~,‬‬ ‫‪374‬‬ ‫~‪101(,/11‬‬
‫‪5311~111-()01~,‬‬ ‫‪373‬‬ ‫‪0~,,,~10()~0,‬‬ ‫‪342‬‬

‫‪584‬‬