Design Thinking for Social Innovation 

Assessment 3   

 
   

 
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2

INTRODUCTION 3
1.1 Context 3
1.2 Mission Statement 4
1.3 Unpacking the Client’s Challenge 4
1.4 Issues and Challenges 4

DESIGN THINKING METHODOLOGY 5

2.1. Emphasising with those impacted by the issues 5
2.1.1 Stakeholders 5
2.1.2 Data Collection Methods 5
2.1.3 Observations 6
2.2. Defining the Problem 6
2.3 Ideating a Solution 6
2.4 Prototyping a Solution 7
2.5. Testing the Solution 7

PROPOSED SOLUTION 8
3.1. Brief Solution Overview 8
3.2. The Three Point Strategy 9
3.2.1 The Website 9
3.2.2 Supporting Marketing Strategy 10
3.3. Implementation Plan 11
3.3.1 Timeline 11
3.3.2 Project Evaluation 11
3.4. Resources 12
3.4.1 Resource Implications 12
3.4.2 Human Resource 12
3.4.3 Funding Resources 12
4.1. Challenges and Limitations 13
5.1. Conclusion 13
6. 1. Appendices 13
6.1.1 Supporting Marketing Strategy 13
6.1.2 Fund Breakdown 14
6.1.3 Ideations 16
6.1.3.1 Solar-paneled Kiosks and Bins 16
6.1.3.2 Posters and Signage. 16
6.1.3.3 Sports Equipment Stall 16
6. 2. References 17

 
   

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY  
The ability to access a space free from pollution, toxins and dangerous chemicals is essential to human
development leading to economic growth and productivity. However, the recently cleaned coastline along Manila
Bay continues to be littered post cleanup; which remains a prevalent issue in both rural and urbanised
communities across the Philippines.

According to The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the heavily-polluted bay is
contaminated with human feces and trash coming from sewage. A report from the DENR Environmental
Management Bureau said the current levels of coliform bacteria of 330 million most probable number (MPN) for
each 100 milliliters are way above the save coliform level. Thus, the bay’s coliform level is three times higher than
the safe level (Xinhua, 2018). Since the Government simultaneously funded the cleanup and support reclamation
projects, environmental groups, activists and the local residence near the Bay area are presumably
characteristically, financially and geographically disadvantaged when it comes to clean and safe living conditions.

Since the turn of the millennium, many first world countries such as Australia and Denmark are exercising
environmentally friendly consumer choices. However, developing countries such as the Philippines continuously
struggle due to cultural norms and behavioural norms. Consequently, ‘the low cost and convenience of plastic
sachets, as well as inefficient waste disposal has made the Philippines one of the world’s leading plastic polluters,
with tremendous negative impacts on the environment’ (WWF, 2018).

The project titled “Manalis Bay” provides a view on the current cultural trends related to the maintenance of
Manila Bay pre and post clean-up. With the support of environmental activists based in the Philippines such as
Mona Momac and Dandreb Christopher Salangsang, the project team aims to promote feasible green solutions
that can be funded by the Government of the Philippines after careful evaluation. The project aims to empower to
younger demographic through the form of a green challenge activity that involves cleaning the beach, extensive
use of social media and eco-friendly rewards.

Overall, the project will increase the awareness and engagement of young people. The challenge will be fun,
interactive, educational and innovative. Furthermore, the project team is committed to further expanding our
challenge across different parts of the country to continuously educate and create global change makers.

 
   

CLIENT   

MONA MOMAC

OUR TEAM 
JUSTINE DA JOSE​ - ​12553626
MASUDAH AZMI​ - ​13126976
XIANYI LI ​- ​12991244
YUYIN CHEN​ - ​12827301
YALIN CAO ​- ​12427492

1. INTRODUCTION  
1.1 Context  

Manila Bay is a natural harbour which serves the Port of Manila in the Philippines. It facilitates commerce and
trade between the Philippine and its neighbouring countries. It has gone through rapid urbanisation within the last
few decades; creating a discrepancy between the modern landscape and the rate of assimilation of the residents
to it. As a result, over 9.2 million kilos of garbage produced in Metro Manila end up in by the bay, creating
pollution, unhealthy living conditions and impacting the long-term future.

According to Neil et al (2003), as early as 1991, Manila Bay operated many dump sites. The government had
activated a sanitary landfill in Carmona and Sam Mateo area; marking an important transition of waste disposal in
Manila. Since mid-1992, with the cessation of operations of Carmona and Sam Mateo, this accelerated the garbage
crisis and broke out in 2000, killing more than 200 people. More controllable dump sites have been opened to
date, and the Supreme Court directed 13 government agencies in 2008 “to clean up, rehabilitate and preserve
Manila Bay”.

Although Manila bay has been in the state of being cleaned up, the main problem is the synchronization of the
clean-up, rehabilitation and preservation of Manila Bay. Therefore, our research and ideas later explored
particularly focuses on educating the local residents, specifically the younger demographic to increase
environmental awareness.
   

1.2 Mission Statement 

Our team is committed to designing a feasible solution to reduce the waste within Manila Bay. By investigating and
focusing on the behaviour of a specific demographic - i.e. ​tourists and local residents​, we aim to foster a sense of
‘civic duty’ through the implementation of strategies that will target behavioural change.

1.3 Unpacking the Client’s Challenge  

Our client, Ms Mona Momac, is an environmental advocate who seeks alternative and innovative ideas that can be
implemented in the Philippines. Our success will be determined by Government approval and funding. Momac will
be our primary communication along with our partner in Manila - Dandreb Christopher Salangsang. From
discussions with our partnering stakeholders (i.e. Mona and Dandreb), we can identify the three key sources of
waste pollution.

1. Lack of garbage collection services in secondary cities and smaller islands

2. Single- use plastic and packaging which is part of Filipino daily habits
3. Lack of individual responsibility and knowledge on waste management and future impacts

Thus, it is important that our team account for these factors as it will assist us in creating a solution that is target
focused, has potential for long-term change and within our scope.

1.4 Issues and Challenges 

As the Philippines is a developing country, the pollution in the Philippines is interdependence of many different
factors. The challenge to “stop pollution” is impossible to solve immediately as it involves agendas of multiple
stakeholders, as well as cross organisational and disciplinary boundaries - ranging from the residence, businesses
and government (Refer to Fig.1).

The Philippines government has tried multiple attempts to address the problem of waste management by enacting
various policies, which have failed over the years due to lack of compliance. The archipelagic nature of the country,
lack of infrastructure for efficient transportation, especially in the provinces, inner cities and barangays (lower
administrative units) and bureaucratic political system are known to have contributed in inefficient
implementation and ineffective monitoring of waste management programs (Atienza, 2011). For example, The
Republic Act 9003 - an act providing for an ecological solid waste management program outlines a series of rules
and restrictions within the Philippines. The act contains rules and regulations for disposing garbage, ways to
reduce waste and controlling the decomposition of organic matter.

From a combination of personal observations and research, all these implemented rules are not practiced in the
Philippines, as they are not feasible goals and do not take into account the current low economic and
infrastructure of many parts of the Philippines.
   

Beneficiaries, and Partners

2. DESIGN THINKING METHODOLOGY

2.1. Emphasising with those impacted by the issues  
 

​2.1.1 Stakeholders  

As seen in ​Figure 1​, The Stakeholder Map outlines each group’s contribution to Manila Bay - both negative and
positive. By accounting the role and power of each stakeholder’s interaction with the Bay, we can identify which
group to seek assistance from. Research shows that the Government of the Philippines (GoP) funded the clean up.
Simultaneously, news articles and reportings outline that the GoP are continuously supporting reclamation
projects (RP) to generate income such as - the Bacoor City RP, Baseco RP and BRADI Smart Harbor Manila. This
proves the lack of responsibility and management towards environmental change of the stakeholders with the
most impact in Metro Manila. Thus, groups with less power such as environmentalists and residence who prolong
environmental change does not have much power to sustain the cleanliness. However, they are the stakeholders
who our project team aims to connect with and focus on.

​2.1.2 Data Collection Methods  

The project team compiled data from various sources - Mona Momac, Dandreb Salangsang, University
Environmental Committee in the Philippines, family and friends, personal observations and online research.
Research from current Filipino news reportings and articles (i.e. ABS-CBN News, CNN Philippines News Report)
support the claims on prevalent Government projects that interfere with long-term sustainability. Additionally, the
   
project team executed our own field research across popular beaches in Sydney to analyse the behaviour of young
people in relation to littering earlier into the project. Although it was advised that surveys would not be an
effective method for data collection, conversations with local residence expanded an understanding that littering
primarily occurs due to - unawareness, carelessness and premeditated ideas.

​2.1.3 Observations  
Data collection methods assisted the project team in outlining key observations. These are outlined below:

- Single use packaging - ​Most open dumpsites across the country and along the coastlines contain a large
quantity of single-use sachets that once contained popular consumables - shampoo, vinegar, soy sauce,
etc. Most packagings come from nearby businesses and households.
- Accessibility and Affordance - Non-renewables are commonly used by families in off-grid rural
communities because of their accessibility and economic status.
- Lack of education and behaviour ​- Families are not educated about the detrimental impacts on how
municipal wastes can influence soil properties and productivity. Thus, there is a lack of care and
responsibility for the environment.
- Littering in public spaces - ​Some people feel no sense of ownership for public spaces with the belief that
“it's not their responsibility”. Thus, individuals feel that it is acceptable to litter if there is no reason to
prevent them doing so.
- Social Media ​- Being involved in social media is one of the most active web based activities in the
Philippines. According to news articles, the Philippines is known as “The Social Networking Capital of the
World”. According to studies conducted by IT security services, over 40% of Filipinos own an active social
media account.

2.2. Defining the Problem  

 

Data collection methods and the observations that arose allowed the team to foresee feasible areas that we could
tackle. As Manalis Bay is made up of university students; targeting large scale businesses and government agencies
would require a more extensive process and power on our team’s end. As a result, the team collectively decided to
focus our strategy on the “people” (i.e. locals) - specifically the younger demographic. Therefore, the team has
broken down the overarching problem and redefined ​our strategy goals​:

- Engage and educate with grassroot stakeholders including youth and local leaders
- Inculcate civic-duty regarding environmental awareness in each individual
- To empower households, namely youths, by encouraging and honing their leadership skills

2.3 Ideating a Solution  

By focusing on the motivations and interests of young people, the ideations involved tools that young people in the
Philippines commonly used in their daily life - i.e. digital devices. The ideas explored among the duration of the
project planning involved designs that were - ​visual, innovative, educational and involved a high level of
interaction. ​In the ideation phase, the project team encompassed numerous ideas that can be seen in each
member’s individual journal. Refer to Appendices 6.1.3 Ideations.
   

System Thinking Model of the Problem

Figure 2 - System Map 

2.4 Prototyping a Solution  

Our overarching theme for the campaign is to keep the bay ‘​Malinis​’ - i.e. translated to “clean” in Tagalog. This
theme is seen in our main strategy, which is our Environmental Green Challenge — to find a garbage-filled space
marked with different levels of severity and clean it (More details below). This challenge combines our previous
ideas as it not only makes Manila bay cleaner, but simultaneously educates people to care for the environment.
However, for the purpose of advancing interaction and participation, we combined the information stands and an
online campaign - to create the green challenge. The solution involves physical stands with a QR code to allow the
participants to join and learn about the challenge. The challenge will have incentives, require the use of social
media platforms (i.e. Instagram) to highly increase the motivation. Posters will also be displayed around to raise
public awareness.

2.5. Testing the Solution  

As our client and Manila Bay is based in the Philippines, the project team acknowledge that testing feasibility and
general effectiveness are additional challenges that need to be accounted. Therefore, prototypes will be
conducted in Australian popular beaches - such as Bondi Beach, Manly Beach and Cronulla Beach. These are useful
locations to test our solution as Muller (2018) states that rubbish littering is a prevalent issue in Australia;
significantly affecting waterways across the county. Although the level of pollution is not as drastic compared to
Manila Bay and there is a distinct cultural difference; utilising our solution in a space within our reach will assist us
to analyse the overall interactions of young Australians with different cultural backgrounds. Data such as no. of
interactions, photo submissions and visits to our website will essentially operate as feedback prior to
implementing the strategy in the Philippines.
   

3. PROPOSED SOLUTION 
The project team aims to foster the involvement of young people in cleaning methods that transition to critical
environmental thinking. The solution will be interactive, educational and environmentally friendly. Thus, the final
solution is comprised of ​three main strategies​; that are ultimately designed to work hand-in-hand - i.e. the
environmental photo challenge, the educational website, confrontational and directional signage.

3.1. Brief Solution Overview  

How will our solution operate?

The solution has four key components - information stands,

the collection of rubbish, signage and social media. As seen in
Figure 3, The Manila Baywalk Waterfront walkway for sunset
views will be our focus location. This is because Makati is one
of the most populated areas and tourist attractions.
Information stands and signage will be located along the
walkway for people to learn about the environmental impacts
of poor waste management and Manilis Bay’s environmental
photo challenge. Participants will follow the instructions
indicated on the website, post the accomplishment on social
media platforms and ultimately spread awareness to the
online community - friends and family. Incentives are initially
implemented to encourage further involvement until a
solidified team of environmental advocates is formed.

The Manila Baywalk Waterfront

Figure 3 - Map
   
Information Stands and Photo Taking Challenge Areas
Figure 4 - Sample

How it works - Step by Step Process

- Step One - Participants must form a team and locate an information stand along The Manila Baywalk
Waterfront. The Information stand will provide a brief description of the challenge (refer to Fig. 4 & 5).
Participants must go to website using QR code or enter the provided website link - i.e.
www.manilisbay.org
- Step Two - The team will explore the website, comprehend challenge requirements and learn about the
purpose behind the clean up prior to beginning (refer to Fig. 5).
- Step Three - The team must clean the designated area. Once the location is clean, participants must take
a group photo in front of the bay; inserting the required hashtags before posting the photo on Instagram
(refer to Fig. 6).
- Step Four ​- The project team will allocate submissions via Instagram’s hashtag affordances and will
reward participants based on multiple factors - cleanup difficulty, time frame and a general photo review.

3.2. The Three Point Strategy  

​3.2.1 The Website 

 

Manalis Bay Green Photo Challenge Website

Figure 5- Prototype

Why choose an environmental photo challenge? R ​ esearch shows that a great number of successful video games
are designed with challenges and perks to motivate players and enhance the gameplay. Thus, the challenge
attempts to maximise interaction through various factors - the involvement of friends, social media platforms,
Filipino cultural practices of photo taking and strategically designed incentives. Additionally, our client previously
informed the project team that Filipinos were unaware on the global and long term impacts of rubbish.
   
Educating our audience is the first step to creating self-aware people. The next step would be inciting empathy and
developing strong beliefs of anti-littering. Lastly, the hardest part is to get Filipino youth to respond to our
call-to-action (the Instagram Green challenge). However, it is a great way for us to get residents to step-up and
take action. It creates an incentive and motivation that can yield highly impactful results. Therefore getting people
to create content regarding conservation of Manila Bay is our ideal result. As seen in Figure 2, the “Learn about
Manila Bay” tab is included on the website to further educate users - ​https://justinefei.wixsite.com/manilabay

​3.2.2 Supporting Marketing Strategy 

Posters, directional signages and sponsored posts on social media will help accentuate our previous strategies. This
will allow for a more effective campaign as it brings brand and message awareness forward. In reference to the
Three Times Effective Frequency by Thomas Smith, consumers only need to be exposed to a business collateral for
three times to create an impression (1885). We believe that this helps to create a bigger sphere of awareness of
the campaign and our message, therefore targeting the first point of our strategy goals.

Offline

Poster + Signages Set

Figure 6- Prototypes

Printed posters (as seen in Fig 6) will be mounted on stands or existing poles along Manila Bay. The posters
contain controversial messages that catches our target market’s attention. Included in these posters is the same
QR code printed in the plaques. During the campaign’s active period, the QR code links to the Malinis Bay website
for the Instagram Challenge. Once completed, we team are then able to program the QR code to redirect to the
educational page on the Malinis Bay website instead. The directional signages will also work similarly. This ensures
that the posters are utilised at its maximum and is relevant over time over an extended period of time. For more
prototypes, refer to Appendices.

Online
Additionally, the online strategy will include sponsored posts
via the official DENR instagram account. In the 10 week
period of campaign implementation, the account will churn
out regular reposting of the IC challenge posts. The hashtags
‘#malinisbay’, ‘#photocleaningcomp’ and
‘#thegreenchallengeMB’ as well as other relevant tags will be
used to monitor submissions and aid in the reposting. The
   
official DENR account may also use the poster graphics shown above
as options for the sponsored posts.

Using the Facebook Business Tools, we are able to tailor our sponsored ads to fit our target demographic and
budget. This aims to hit our strategy goal of increasing awareness of the Instagram Challenge and its main
message. By seeing their own posts on the official page, we provide a source of validation and may help to further
drive interaction. We will then achieve our second and third strategy goal.

3.3. Implementation Plan  

​3.3.1 Timeline 
The entire campaign including the testing period will be a 16-week process. We believe that the challenge should
not be going on for too long as there is a possibility of a less effective campaign. The testing phase will be
conducted in late October till end November. This 4-week period will be effectively done within Sydney-limits as
per the restrictions touched in Section 2.2. Criticism and constant evaluation after this initial roll-out will ascertain
various loopholes and flaws in the Design Thinking strategy. Consequently, there is a week-long period set aside to
ensure that the campaign is set.

The campaign will be run for 10 weeks between early December 2020 till mid-February 2020. This is the optimal
period as it is around the major holidays celebrated by Filipinos such as Christmas and New Year. Most school

children also have their breaks. Therefore this allows our campaign to gather a larger reach for greater impact
within our target audience.

3.3.2 Project Evaluation  

The overall aim of our campaign is to increase awareness about the impacts of littering in Manila Bay. Our
secondary goal is to see behavioural change in local youths. We aim to see the results of our strategy goal as soon
as possible after the implementation of the Malinis Bay campaign.
   
We will be evaluating the success of our Instagram Green Challenge through tracking our socials. By using Google
Analytics, we can monitor the websites traffic and user statistics throughout the entire period of the campaign
activation as well as come up with the final results during the evaluation week. We are also able to monitor which
platforms were used most frequently in order to access the site.

Similarly, for our official DENR Instagram account, the social media manager is able to use the same Facebook
Business tools to draw learning outcomes of the challenge. The tool will allow us to track certain indicators such as
campaign hashtags, sentiment buzz and call-to-action reaction via user-generated content. We can also measure
how successful our Instagram sponsored posts are by tracking the click through rates. Another sign of success
would be seen in the number of followers the official account garners after the completion of the campaign.

Though our offline strategy is harder to measure, the use of the QR codes help us ascertain how impactful our
posters and plaques are in terms of sending out our core message. Once locals use the QR codes, we are able to
 
ballpark the percentage of visibility our offline strategy provides.

3.4. Resources  
​3.4.1 Resource Implications  

“Care for our environment” is one of the most important messages that our campaign aims to teach our
audiences. Therefore, with our collaterals, prizes and choice of strategy, we kept in mind to create less waste and
opt for eco-friendly products. Our posters and stands are made with eco-friendly material and sustainable
processes.

​3.4.2 Human Resource  

As this campaign will be rolled out by The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), the staff
will be responsible for that. Other relevant people included will be activated for a short period of time. For more
information, visit table 3.4.3 in appendices.

We will be activating staff members of the education division of DENR if there are any. Otherwise, regular staff in
charge of the said department will be conducting these Bay education classes and trips.

Our Instagram challenge recruits and generates a large amount of human capital as it required residents in Manila
Bay to be highly engaged and participative.

​3.4.3 Funding Resources  

According to Mona, the project will be funded by the government if the action is approved. There was no limit to
our funding. However, our online and offline strategies were conceptualised to utilise as little money as possible.
Our partnership with local businesses and schools keep expenditure at a minimum while obtaining maximum
impact. This also helps to increase campaign awareness.

Our biggest expenses will be website development and the green challenge prizes. The projected total is
$17,756.86​. Refer to the table 3.4.3 Fund Breakdown to details.
   

4.1. Challenges and Limitations  

Throughout the project design, the team identified various challenges that have not yet been clearly accounted,
which affects the team’s ability to perform. These are outlined below:

● Language barrier - As the project is based in the Philippines in a tourist attraction, the team will need to
reconsider the language displayed on signage and information stands. ​Would this only restrict our
challenge to English speakers?
● Lack of willingness to learn - As the project is based on the ideology of creating change makers, the
incentives may be the pure driving source for participation.

5.1. Conclusion  
The Malinis Bay campaign seeks to educate young Filipinos on conservation of Manila Bay, instil a sense of
responsibility over it as well as to take preventive measures against littering. We will do so via an Instagram
Environment Green challenge that uses online and offline media strategies to achieve our goals. We aim to get
user-generated content of beach clean-ups to garner word-of-mouth and increase awareness of the cause. While
the campaign is largely spearheaded by the DENR of Philippines, it is still cost-efficient and extremely eco-friendly.
We are presenting a well-researched, nuanced and innovative approach that is relevant to the current society so
that DENR can continue expanding on these strategies for years to come.  

6. 1. Appendices 

6.1.1 Supporting Marketing Strategy 

   

 
 
6.1.2 Fund Breakdown 
Note that these prices are subjected to change depending on location. Items 1 and 2 make use of durable and
high-quality materials that will be used over a projected amount of time while item 3 is made of lesser quality for a
temporary testing fix.

No. Item Cost (AU$)

1. Instagram Challenge

The Website (Malinis Bay)

● QR code $30 per image
- Programmed with QR redirect: Helps to monitor
traffic and flexibility to change to different links

● Website Cost (breakdown ​here​) $9,834.11 (US$6,760)

- Inclusive of consultation, design & building,
maintenance, etc

IC Instruction Plaques
● Design
- In-house designer $0
- Outsourced designer $3,000 (for complete set of
Malinis Bay collateral)

● Printing $205.60 (8x plaques with

- Acrylic Plaque with stand special ​discount​)

● Floor Vinyl Dividers 8x (in 4 different colors) $1,044.44 (8x ​dividers​)

- Outdoor High Tack Heavy Duty Vinyl Divider Stickers

Social Media
● Sponsored Posts (Lifetime budget1) $1,190 (Which includes:
- Makes use of FaceBook Business Tools via Automatic - 99,166 Impressions
Ad Bidding (ads)
- Ad Delivery Optimization: Conversions - Reaching 33,055
- Flexible to fit reach people (within 20km)
- @ Conversion or click
rate of 0.10% =
projected 3,305 site
visits)

● Malinis Bay Social Media Manager (Optional) TBC

Prizes
● 4-person beach tent (4x) $319.96
- OZtrail Genesis 4V Dome Tent via Tentworld ($79.99 p/u)

1
Lifetime budget: That’s the amount you’re willing to spend over the duration of your Instagram ad campaign. This
is a better option than daily budget which is how much Facebook will spend on delivering your ads every day
during your campaign’s set dates (Karlson, 2018).
   

● Volleyball beach kit (3x) $477

- Hart Beach Volley Ball Kit via HART Sport ($159 p/u)

● Tandem Bicycle (2x) $1,598

- Polygon Impression AX Disc 2017 via ($799 p/u)
BicycleOnline.com.au

● Stand-up Paddle Board(1x) $1,298.99

- SUP paddle board complete set with board bag,
paddle, ankle leash and hat via SUPWarehouse

2. Education

Posters (24x)
5x promotional posters
1x directional poster
● Design Included in above cost

● QR code

● Printing $1,133.76
- Includes mounting ($188.96 per set)
- 30 x 40 inch corflute

Website To be shared with cost with IC

● Design above
● Copy

School-partnerships
● Educational school visits planned by The Department of $0
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) (to activate staff members for
● School trips to Manila Bay for schedule clean-ups as part of visits)
timetable.

3. Testing

IC
● Website via Wix $75 (US$51 for 3 months)
- “Unlimited” Wix Plan @ US$17 per month

● Plastic Plaques $60

- 4x plastic plaques

● Prizes $490
- 4x $30 eco vouchers
- 3x $50 eco vouchers
- 2x $60 eco vouchers
- 1x $100 eco vouchers

Education
● Posters

Projected Total: $17,756.86

   

  
6.1.3 Ideations  

6.1.3.1 Solar-paneled Kiosks and Bins 

Our initial idea was an information kiosk stand, which disseminated educational facts about Manila Bay and the
negative repercussions of poor litter management. Automatic bins are similar to the kiosk as it is interactive, eco
friendly, would be a long term investment. It would provide provinces an opportunity to experience luxury.
However, the team realised that both mechanisms are tremendously costly to buy in large quantities. We
considered the media literacy of the local youth who go to Manila Bay and decided against it as literacy varies from
one individual to the other.

6.1.3.2 Posters and Signage. 

Posters was another idea that would be fantastic for quick viewing and are extremely visible in public spaces.
However, research altered this decision as people have become more dismissive to hardcopy advertisements and
other marketing materials. However, a striking design and controversial copy, printed collaterals may provide a
good campaign offline support. It would be highly hypocritical of us to roll out deliverables that are not
eco-friendly. Thus, we have sourced for eco-friendly printing inks, recycled paper and plastics to create our
posters, stands, and plaques to ensure that our campaign does not contradict our environmental goals.

6.1.3.3 Sports Equipment Stall 

By looking on the active lifestyles of young Filipinos, we thought that having an equipment stall by the bay would
be a great incentive for them to help clean the bay. With an unclean bay, it would be hard for individuals to play
beachside sports such as volleyball and soccer. Additionally, the water has to be safe to use and clean for visitors
to engage in water activities. In this stall, we discussed that hiring out equipment to people who contributed to
cleaning a section of the beach. The problem with this strategy is accountability, liability and transparency of the
general public in providing misleading information.

 
   

6. 2. References  

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3-5.

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2019,
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Benedict Mia, I. 2018, ​Applying design thinking in social innovation and entrepreneurship,​ Manilastandard. viewed
12 June 2019,
<​http://manilastandard.net/business/business-columns/green-light/256817/applying-design-thinking-in-social-inn
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Catalina, R. S. M. 2019, Over 9.2 million kilos of garbage produced in Metro Manila, some end up in Manila Bay,
Interaksyon, viewed 09 June 2019,
<​http://www.interaksyon.com/politics-issues/2019/02/28/145000/garbage-metro-manila-bay-pollution-environm
ent/​>.

Erman, A. P. & Eugenio, D. F. F. 2013, ​Marine Pollution and Marine Waste Disposal: Proceedings of the 2nd
International Congress, San Remo, 17–21 December, 1973, Progress in water technology: Supplement​, Revised,
Elsevier, pp. 105-108.

Karlson, K. 2018, ‘Instagram ads cost in 2019 – complete up-to-date guide’, ​Karola Karlson’ s blog,​ weblog,
Advertise. Grow , Estonia, viewed 11 June 2019, <​https://karolakarlson.com/instagram-ads-cost-and-bidding/​>.

Mercy Corps n.d., ​Philippines: Banking on recovery,​ Mercy Corps. viewed 16 June 2019,
<​https://www.mercycorps.org/philippines-banking-recovery​>.

Miguel, C. 2019, ‘DENR to hold first-ever Wood Industry Summit’, Oldwebsite.denr.gov.ph.

<​http://oldwebsite.denr.gov.ph/news-and-features/latest-news/5063-denr-to-hold-first-ever-wood-industry-sum
mit.html​>.

Muller, S. 2018, ‘ Plastic and cigarette butts make up most of debris in waterways’, The Sydney Morning Herald, 3
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