Thyne1 Model Rev11 - Pa

THYNE1 Model for Power System Stability Studies
THYNE1
Model for Power System Stability Studies
11 Additional comments on KN, PSSE parameters added 13.06.2018 GLA

10 Discharge resistor adaption to model tests added, RFW for 8A corrected 22.03.2018 GLA
09 corrected description of field current controller parameters (Tabel 7) 07.03.2018 Flock
07 EEE421.5-2016 model and sample data added in chapter 3 21.12.2017 GLA
06 Fig.2: Corr. from VFW to –VFW. P.9: RFW & RFag & THYNE1 RFW val. added 21.12.2017 GLA
05 27.03.2017 EGR
04 27.03.2017 EGR
03 17.07.2014 EGR
02 23.06.2014 EGR
01 09.04.2014 EGR
Index Modification Date Prepared Checked Approved
Client - Prep. 09.04.2014 EGR Filename THYNE1 MODEL REV11.DOCX

Project - Chk. 13.06.2018 GLA Index / Date Filedate 13.06.2018
Project Nº - Appr. 11 13.06.2018 Page 1 of 25
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TITLE:
THYNE1
Model for Power System Stability Studies

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Table of content
1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 5
2 SIMULATION MODEL AND PARAMETERS ..................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Generator, Transformer and Grid Connection ................................................................................. 5
2.2 THYNE1 Excitation System ................................................................................................................ 8
2.2.1 Basic Structure of AVR and Power Part ............................................................................................... 8
2.2.2 Power System Stabilizer ..................................................................................................................... 12
2.2.3 Instantaneous Field Current Limiter .................................................................................................... 14
2.2.4 Under Excitation Limiter ...................................................................................................................... 15
2.2.5 Thermal Limiter .................................................................................................................................... 16
2.2.6 Overfluxing Limiter ............................................................................................................................... 18
3 IEEE 421.5-2016 AC9C STANDARD MODEL / PSSE MODEL .............................................................. 19
REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................................... 22
NOTES FOR TESTS A WITH VERY SMALL FIELD CURRENT .......................................................................................... 23
PSSE REPRESENTATION AC9CU1 ....................................................................................................... 24

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Disclaimer
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PRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICU- LAR
PURPOSE OF ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS REPORT OR THE RESPECTIVE WORKS OR
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RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS REPORT.

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1 INTRODUCTION
This document provides the mathematical models of the THYNE1 excitation system for power sys-
tem stability studies together with the required system parameters of the generator, transformer and
grid as well as the excitation (power part and controller).
2 SIMULATION MODEL AND PARAMETERS
2.1 Generator, Transformer and Grid Connection

The synchronous generator model for power system stability studies is typically a sub transient model
of a salient pole machine (hydro units) or cylindrical rotor machine (thermal units). The corre-
sponding model parameters are summarized in Table 1 with typical values for hydro and thermal
units, see [2].
Symb. Parameter name Hydro Thermal Unit

Sr Rated apparent power MVA
Ur Rated terminal voltage kV
cos() Power factor
fr Grid frequency Hz
wr Rated speed rpm
Xd d-axis synchronous reactance 0.6 – 1.5 1.0 – 2.3 p.u.
Xd’ d-axis transient reactance 0.2 – 0.5 0.15 – 0.4 p.u.
Xd” d-axis sub transient reactance 0.15 – 0.35 0.12 – 0.25 p.u.
Xq q-axis synchronous reactance 0.4 – 1.0 1.0 – 2.3 p.u.
Xq’ q-axis transient reactance – 0.3 – 1.0 p.u.
Xq” q-axis sub transient reactance 0.2 – 0.45 0.12 – 0.25 p.u.
Xl Stator leakage reactance 0.1 – 0.2 0.1 – 0.2 p.u.
Ra Stator resistance 0.002 – 0.02 0.001 – 0.005
Td0’ d-axis transient open circuit time constant 1.5 – 9.0 3.0 – 10.0 s
Td0” d-axis sub transient open circuit time constant 0.01 – 0.05 0.02 – 0.05 s
Tq0’ q-axis transient open circuit time constant – 0.5 – 2.0 s
Tq0” q-axis sub transient open circuit time constant 0.01 – 0.09 0.02 – 0.05 s
H Overall inertia of turbine and generator 1.7 – 4.0 2.5 – 10.0 s
IR,r Rotor current of main generator at rated load A
VR,r Rotor voltage of main generator at rated load V

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4
IR,ag Rotor current of main generator at no-load air-gap A
Table 1: Synchronous generator data.
Symbol Parameter name Value Unit

KC Commutating reactance constant p.u.
KD Armature reaction p.u.
KE Gain of the rotating exciter 1.0 p.u.
TE Open circuit time constant of the rotating exciter s
SE Saturation function of the rotating exciter p.u.
IE,r Excitation current of rotating exciter at rated load A
VE,r Excitation voltage of rotating exciter at rated load V
IE,ag Excitation current of rotating exciter at no-load air-gap A
Table 2: Rotating exciter model parameters.
Fo
the step-up transformer the required parameters are summarized in Table 3.

Sr Rated apparent power MVA
Ur1 Rated primary voltage kV
Ur2 Rated secondary voltage kV
Xt Short circuit voltage p.u.
Rt Copper losses p.u.
Table 3: Step-up transformer data.
In the simplest case for power system studies a single machine/infinite bus model assumed. There-
fore, typically the minimum and maximum short circuit power is defined at the grid connection point,
see Table 4.

Sk”min Minimum short circuit power MVA
Sk”max Maximum short circuit power MVA
Table 4: Grid connection data.

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Figure 1 shows the model structure of a single machine / infinite bus configuration with a THYNE1
ac excitation system.
Figure 1: Model structure.

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2.2 THYNE1 Excitation System
2.2.1 Basic Structure of AVR and Power Part
Figure 2 shows the mathematical model of the THYNE1 excitation system (AVR + power part) in
shunt field connection. A list of the corresponding input, output and internal signals is given in Ta- ble
5 and a list of all system parameters is provided in Table 6 and Table 7.
Symbol
Symb. SignalNombre
name de Parámetro Value UnidatUnit
VT VT Terminal voltage
Terminal magnitude
voltage magnitude p.u. p.u.
IT IT Terminal current
Terminal magnitude
current magnitude p.u. p.u.
IP IP Terminal current
Terminal activeactive
current component
component p.u. p.u.
IQ IQ Terminal current
Terminal reactive
current component
reactive component p.u. p.u.
P P Active Active
powerpower p.u. p.u.
ω Speed p.u.
 Speed p.u.
θ Load angle deg
 Load angle deg
VC Compensation voltage p.u.
VC Compensation voltage p.u.
VCF Rotor current of main generator p.u.
VCF Filtered compensation voltage p.u.
IR Rotor current of main generator p.u.
IR Rotor current of main generator p.u.
VR Rotor voltage of main generator p.u.
VR Rotor voltage of main generator p.u.
IE Excitation current of rotating exciter p.u.
IE Excitation current of rotating exciter p.u.
VE Excitation voltage of rotating exciter p.u.
VE Excitation voltage of rotating exciter p.u.
IEF Excitation voltage of rotating exciter p.u.
IEF Filtered excitation current p.u.
VREF Reference voltage (set-point) p.u.
VREF Reference voltage (set-point) p.u.
IE, REF Reference excitation current (set-point) p.u.
IE,REF Reference excitation current (set-point) p.u.
VS PSS output p.u.
VS PSS output p.u.
VUEL Under excitation limiter output p.u.
VUEL Under excitation limiter output p.u.
VTHL Thermal limiter output p.u.
VTHL Thermal limiter outputlimiter output
VOEL Over excitarion p.u. p.u.
VOEL Over excitation limiter output p.u.
Table 5: Excitation model signals.

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Figure 2: THYNE1 excitation system model.

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Symb. Nombre de Parámetro Value Unit

VTH Thyristor voltage p.u.
KE Amplification of rectifier 1.35 p.u.
KT Amplification of excitation transformer KT = VTH/ VE,R p.u.
KN Re-normalization factor KN = IE,R/IE,ag*IR,r / IR,ag 1.7 p.u.
TE Time constant rectifier p.u.
KFW Free-wheeling resistance 0.89 p.u.
SCT Switch Thyne 1 or Thyne 4 model 0 deg
Table 6: Power part model parameters.
The excitation system has an external supply voltage which can either be modeled as a constant
voltage source VSup or a shunt field connection with VSup = VT feeding the excitation transformer with
a ratio of KT. The amplification of the rectifier (diode bridge) is KF. Hence, the IGBT chopper con-
verter allows for a maximum output voltage of UE,max = KF KT in p.u. and a minimum of UE,min = 0. If the
control output is negative, i.e. VCT<0, the free-wheeling circuit becomes active and a negative output
voltage UE can be applied. The free-wheeling resistance is modeled as KFW in p.u.
Depending of the type size of the THYNE1 the internal de-excitation resistor has the following val-
ues: THYNE1-8 Ampere: RFW=15 Ohm, THYNE1-15 Ampere: RFW=8,2 Ohm, THYNE1-25 Ampere:
RFW=5 Ohm. KFW =RFW/Rag were RFW is the THYNE1-free wheel resistor in Ohms an RFag is the air gap
resistance at defined reference temperature, in Ohms. The exciter air-gap field resistance is derived
from the exciter air-gap field current and exciter air-gap field voltage. Note for for tests with very small
field current (see last page of this document). For some special tests the free-wheeling resistor can
be set to zero ohms.
The re-normalization factor KN is used to calculate from the generator per unit system (no-load air-
gap) to the excitation per unit system (nominal power factor).
 Active power compensation (droop) factor p.u.
 Reactive power compensation (droop) factor p.u.
TFU Time const. voltage transducer 0.01 s
VPU Proportional gain, voltage controller p.u.
TNU Integrator time constant, voltage controller s
KDU Differential gain, voltage controller p.u.
TDU Differential filter time constant, voltage controller s

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VPUmin Min. input limit, voltage controller -2.0 p.u.

VPUmax Max. input limit, voltage controller 2.0 p.u.
VTUmin Min. integrator limit, voltage controller IE - 0.33 p.u.
VTUmax Max. integrator limit, voltage controller IE +0.33 p.u.
VOUmin Min. output limit, voltage controller IE - 0.33 p.u.
VOUmax Max. output limit, voltage controller IE +0.33 p.u.
TFI Time const. field current transducer 0.005 s
VPI Proportional gain, current controller p.u.
TNI Integrator time constant, current controller s
VPImin Min. input limit, current controller -16.0 p.u.
VPImax Max. input limit, current controller 16.0 p.u.
VTImin Min. integrator limit, current controller -0.8660 p.u.
VTImax Max. integrator limit, current controller 0.9962 p.u.
VOImin Min. output limit, current controller -0.8660 p.u.
VOImax Max. output limit, current controller 0.9962 p.u.
Table 7: AVR model parameters.

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2.2.2 Power System Stabilizer
The power system stabilizer is a PSS2A/B type according to IEEE 421.5 as shown in Figure 3. The
corresponding parameters are listed in Table 8.
 1 sTW1 sTW2 A
1+sT8
N
1+sT6 1+sTW1 1+sTW2 B

+ ( (1+sT ) )
9
M
+
 
+ –
SW1 = A for TW2 = 0
SW1 = B for TW2 > 0 KS3
A
P 1 sTW3 sTW4
KS2
1+sT7 1+sTW3 1+sTW4 B
SW2 = A for TW4 = 0

SW2 = B for TW4 > 0
VSmax
A
1+sT1 1+sT3 1+sT10 VS,ul VS
KS1
1+sT2 1+sT4 1+sT11 B
SW3 = A for S5 = 0 VSmin

SW3 = B for S5 > 0
Figure 3: Power system stabilizer block diagram.

TW1 Wash out time constant 1 s
T6 Low pass filter time constant 6 s
T7 Low pass filter time constant 7 s
KS2 Proportional gain 2
T8 Ramp tracking filter time constant of numerator s
T9 Ramp tracking filter time constant of denominator s

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M Ramp tracking filter exponent of denominator

N Ramp tracking filter exponent of numerator
T1 Lead lag 1 time constant of numerator s
T2 Lead lag 1 time constant of denominator s
SAB Switch: 0 … PSS2A / 1 … PSS2B
VSmin Min. PSS output limit p.u.
VSmax Max. PSS output limit p.u.
Table 8: Power system stabilizer parameters.

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2.2.3 Instantaneous Field Current Limiter
The instantaneous field current limiter as shown in Figure 4 consists of two parallel PI controllers
with anti-wind-up integrators. The corresponding parameters can be found in Table 9.
VFCLmin
IEmin +

sTI,FCLmin
–
IEF 0
KP,FCLmin
VFC
0
IEmax +

sTI,FCLmax
–
IEF
VFCLmax
KP,FCLmax
Figure 4: Instantaneous field current limiter block diagram.

IEmin Lower field current limit N/A p.u.
KP,FCLmin Proportional gain of minimum regulator N/A p.u.
TI,FCLmin Integrator time constant of minimum regulator N/A s
VFCLmin Output limit of minimum regulator N/A p.u.
IEmax Upper field current limit 1.6 p.u.
KP,FCLmax Proportional gain of maximum regulator 2 p.u.
TI,FCLmax Integrator time constant of maximum regulator 0.06 s
VFCLmax Output limit of maximum regulator 1 p.u.
Table 9: Instantaneous field current limiter parameters.

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2.2.4 Under Excitation Limiter
The structure of the under excitation limiter is shown in Figure 5. Is comprises a differential and a PI
controller with separate limits. The corresponding parameters can be found in Table 10.
VUELmax
LIM – 1
 
sTIUEL +
+ +
 0
VUEL
KPUEL 
VD,UELmax
D,LIM – sKDUEL
 
1+sTDUEL +
+ +
 0
Figure 5: Under excitation limiter block diagram.

D,LIM Differential rotor angle limit 0.8 p.u.
KDUEL Differential gain 1.0 p.u.
TDUEL Filter time constant of differentiator 0.1 s
VD,UELmax Output limit of differentiator 1.0 p.u.
LIM Rotor angle limit 0.7 p.u.
KPUEL Proportional gain 1.0 p.u.
TIUEL Integrator time constant 2.0 s
VUELmax Output limit 2.0 p.u.
Table 10: Under excitation limiter parameters.

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2.2.5 Thermal Limiter
The block diagram of the thermal limiter is illustrated in Figure 6. Two separate time constants for the
delayed signals of the stator current and field current as well as the hysteresis can be chosen. The
controller is an integrator with two different time constants, i.e. TI1 for raising or lowering if the limiter
becomes active and TI2 for resetting the limiter. The corresponding parameters can be found in Table
11.
ITd
I>I
Td Tmax S
IT 1
I <I -I R
Td Tmax Tzone
1+sT1 If A=1: S=A
If B=1: S=B
IT > ITmax A If C=1: S=C
& 1 fRAISE If D=1: S=D
ELSE: S=E
IT < ITmax - ITzone TI1
IQ 1 fLOWER
- S
IQ > IQmax TI1 VTHLmax
A
B 1 VTHL
IQ < IQmin
1 fRESETP C s
& TI2 D
VTHLmin
E
IEd
IEd > IEmax S
B 1
OR -
IE TI2 fRESETN
1
IEd Emax
< I Ezome- I R
1+sT2
&
IE > IEmax 0
f0
IE < IEmax - IEzone

If C=1: VTHLmax=0
C
& If D=1: VTHLmax=1
ELSE: VTHLmax=1
VTHL > 0 S
VTHL < 0 R D If C=1: VTHLmin=-1

& If D=1: VTHLmin= 0
ELSE: VTHLmin=-1
Figure 6: Thermal limiter block diagram.

T1 Time constant for delayed stator current 0.1 s
ITmax Limit for stator current 1.05 p.u.
ITzone Hysteresis for stator current 0.01 p.u.
IQmin Lower limit for reactive current 1.05 p.u.
IQmax Upper limit for reactive current 1.05 p.u.
T2 Time constant for delayed field current 50 s

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IEmaxIEmax Limit
Limit for field
for field current
current 1 p.u
p.u.
IEzone Hysteresis for field current 0.04 p.u
IEzone Hysteresis for time
field current sp.u.
TI1 Integrator constant 1 25
TI1 T Integrator timetime
Integrator constant 1
constant 2 25 ss
I2
TI2 Integrator time constant 2 s
Table 11: Thermal limiter parameters.

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2.2.6 Overfluxing Limiter
fGmax,fg 0
fGmax,Ug
fG + 1 VVpH
abs  
sTI,VpH +
0 – +
fGmax,f0 VT VVpHmin
KP,VpH
Figure 7: Overfluxing limiter block diagram.

KP,VpH Proportional gain 0.0 p.u.
TI,VpH Integrator time constant 1.0 s
fGmax,Ug Flux maximum voltage limit 1.08 p.u.
fGmax,f0 Flux limiter start frequency 0.0 p.u.
fGmax,fg Generator frequency at generator voltage maximum 1.0 p.u.
VVpHmin Output limit -0.5 p.u.
Table 12: Overfluxing limiter parameters.

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3 IEEE 421.5-2016 AC9C STANDARD MODEL / PSSE MODEL
The IEEE 421.5-2016 AC9C model can be used to represent the math model implemented in THYNE1. The
THYNE1 facto KN for the nomralisation to nominal field current is not usedin the IEE representation. Also VPU in
the THYNE1 representation must be used to calculate the IEE model parameter KPR, KIR and KDR. The IEEE
model and thecorresponding text is cited in this chapter ([6] ReferenceIEEE 421.5-2016 page33-3). The IEEE model
is availablein SIEMENSPSSE simulation softwaresince PSSVersion 34.4 or the module cataloguecan typically be
updated. The PSSEmodel nameis AC9CU1. The IEEE model ‘‘ Vc’’ input in PSSEhasvariablename‘‘ Ecomp’’.
The block diagram of the excitation system AC9C from IEEE421.5-2016 is shown in Figure 8.
The AC9C model may be applied to excitation systems consisting of an ac alternator with either stationary or rotating
rectifiers (Glaninger- Katschnig, Nowak, Bachle, and Taborda [5]). The user-selected logic switch SW1determines if
the power source of the controlled rectifier is derived from terminal voltage and current (position ‘‘ A’’) or is
independent of the terminal voltage (position ‘‘ B’’). The function FEX1 is the same function FEX shown in
Annex D, but the input to the functions IN1 and IN2 should be the exciter field current VFE instead of the
generator field current IFD. Depending on the actual implementation of the potential and current source, the
contribution factor is either multiplied or summed to the power stage output.
Themodel consists of a PID type voltageregulator followed by a PI current regulator in cascade. The
model is based on IEC 60034-16-1991 Part 2 E.5 [3]. Both regulator blockshavenon-windup limits.
The compensated terminal voltage VC (see IEEE 421.5-2016 Figure 2), the power system stabilizer (PSS) output sig-
nal VS, and the voltage reference value VREF are applied to the summing point at the input to the voltage regulator.
Thelimiter signals, from the overexcitation limiter VOELand theunderexcitation limiter VUEL, aretypically
summedinto the input of thecurrent regulator.
Thepower stagecontrol characteristic is represented by the gain KA. Thetime constant TA representsthe
time delay caused by the gate control unit and the power stage. The power stage consists either of a
thyristor converter bridge or achopper converter.
Theparameter SCTis provided to allow theselection of the power stagetype, either a thyristor or a chopper
converter. In the logic shown in Figure 8, if the parameter SCTis different than 0, it represents a thyristor
converter. When the parameter SCTis set to 0 it represents a chopper converter, and the negative voltage
field forcing limit is dependent on the free wheel factor KFW.
The free wheel factor KFW can be calculated as in the following Equation:
KFW =RFW/Rag
Where
RFW is the free-wheel resistor in ohms
RFag is the exciter air-gap field resistance, at a defined reference temperature, in ohms
Theexciter air-gap field resistanceis derived from the exciter air-gap field current and exciter air-gap field
voltage.
The user-selected logic switch SW1determines if the power source of the controlled rectifier is derived
from terminal voltage and current (position ‘‘ A’’) or is independent of the terminal voltage (position ‘‘ B’’ ).
Thefunctions FEX1 and FEX2are the sameasfunction FEXshown in Annex D. Theinput to thefunctions IN1
and IN2 is theexciter field current VFE instead of the generator field current IFD.
Depending on theactual implementation of the potential and current source, thecontribution factor is either
multiplied or summed to the power stage output. The summation component (VB2) corresponds to a
compound power source derived from generator terminal current via a separate series diode bridge. It can
be disabled by setting the parameter KI2 equal to zero. The lower limit applied to the signal VI was
introduced to prevent a possibledivision by zero in the calculation of IN2. Thereare at least two possibilities
that could lead to such division by zero: theparameter KI2 is equal to zero or the simulation correspondsto
an open-circuit condition, so IT = 0.

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Figure 8: Standard IEEE 421.5-2016 AC9C model

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REFERENCES
[1] Andritz Hydro, “GMR3 – Voltage Regulator and Gate Control Functional Description”, Andritz
Hydro GmbH, Austria, 2012.
[2] P. Kundur, "Power System Stability and Control", McGraw-Hill, New York, 1993.
[3] IEC 60034-16-2 1991 Standard “Rotating electrical machines - Part 16: Excitation systems for
synchronous machines - Chapter 2: Models for power system studies”.
[4] IEEE Standard 421.5, "IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power
System Stability Studies" April 2006.
[5] A. Glaninger-Katschnig, F. Nowak, M. Baechle and J. Taborda, “New Digital Excitation Sys-
tem Models in addition to IEEE.421.5 2005”, IEEE PES General Meeting, 2010
[6] IEEE 421.5-2016, IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models for Power Sys-
tem Stability Studies

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NOTES FOR TESTS A WITH VERY SMALL FIELD CURRENT
For some model validation tests very small field currents may be applied.
Following hardware modifications can be carried out.
Such modifications may only be performed be specialized personal.
After the tests the original condition has to be established.
The number of windings on the “HAL effect sensor” for the field current measurement can be increased to
provide a “nominal” value for the HAL sensor and the voltage regulator and a practical signal resolution.
The de-excitation resistor can to be increased or de-creased to provide a realistic negative field voltage for de-
excitation during normal operation. For that purpose the unit has to be opened. One pole of the inner de-
excitation resistor has to be disconnected an isolated and an external resistor can be installed. It is dangerous
to operate the unit without the connected external discharge resistor because this can produce over voltages.
Also the resistance has to be adapted so that it can dissipate the energy and over voltages during operation.
If such changes are carried out they shall be marked on the THYNE1 unit.

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PSSE REPRESENTATION AC9CU1
In the following the parameter representation used in SIEMENS PSSE Version 34.3 is shown. The model is
based on IEE421.5-2016 AC9C. The parameters are identical to the IEEE model. It shall be noted the parame-
ters in THYNE1 deviate by the factor KN from the THYNE1 math model representation of figure 2, because the
parameters in THYNE1 are based on the nominal field current. THYNE1 is using a common proportional ampli-
fication (VPU with KDU and TNU) for the voltage regulator, which can be recalculated to the IEEE/PSSE repre-
sentation of KPR, KIR and KDR. VSCLCUM, VUELSCL, VOELSCL, although shown in the model diagram as
per IEEE 421.5 standard, these they are not used in the PSSE model. For OEL, UEL and SCL flag options, the
ICON value can be 1 through 3 with description as follows:, a. 1: Position (a), b. 2: Position (b), c. 3: Position (c)
3. For PSS flag options, the ICON value can be 1 or 2 with description as follows: 1: Position (a), b. 2: Position
(b).
ICONs Value Description

M a OEL Flag (See notes)
M+1 a UEL Flag (See notes)
M+2 a SCL Flag (See notes)
M+3 2 SW1 Flag
1: Position A
2: Position B
CONs Value Description

J TR (s) 0.08 Regulator input filter time constant
J+1 6.764 KPR (pu) Regulator proportional gain
J+2 8.455 KIR (pu) Regulator integral gain
J+3 1.353 KDR (pu) Regulator derivative gain
J+4 1.2 TDR (s) Regulator derivative block time constant
J+5 16 VPIDMAX (pu) PID maximum limit

J+6 -16 VPIDMIN (pu) PID minimum limit
J+7 1.691 KPA (pu) Field current regulator proportional gain
J+8 0.845 KIA (pu) Field current regulator integral gain
J+9 0.9962 VAMAX (pu) Maximum current regulator output
J+10 -0.866 VAMIN (pu) Minimum current regulator output
J+11 2.9756 KA (pu) Controlled rectifier bridge equivalent gain
J+12 0.0014 TA (s) Controlled rectifier bridge equivalent time constant
J+13 4.0171 VRMAX (pu) Maximum rectifier bridge output
J+14 0 VRMIN (pu) Minimum rectifier bridge output
J+15 0.48 KF (pu) Exciter field current feedback gain
J+16 0.005 TF (s) Field current feedback time constant
J+17 0.8867 KFW (pu) Free wheel equivalent feedback gain
J+18 16 VFWMAX (pu) Maximum free wheel feedback
J+19 0 KE (pu) Minimum free wheel feedback
J+20 0 SCT Power stage type selector
J+21 0 KC(pu) Diode bridge loading factor proportional to commu-
tating reactance
J+22 0.7 KD(pu) Demagnetizing factor, function of exciter alternator
reactance
J+23 1 KE (pu) Exciter field proportional constant
J+24 0.61 TE (pu) Exciter field time constant
J+25 16 VFEMAX (pu) Exciter Field current limit
J+26 0 VEMIN (pu) Minimum exciter output limit
J+27 0 E1
J+28 0 S(E1)
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J+29 0 E2
J+30 0 S(E2)
J+31 1 KP (pu) Potential current gain coefficient
J+32 0 KI1 (pu) Compound circuit (current) gain coefficient
J+33 0 KI2 (pu) Compound circuit (current) gain coefficient
J+34 0 KC1 (pu) Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutat-
ing reactance
J+35 0 KC2 (pu) Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutat-
ing reactance
J+36 0.04 XL (pu) Reactance associated with potential source
J+37 0 θP (degrees) Potential circuit phase angle
J+38 100 VB1MAX (pu) Maximum available exciter fieldvoltage
J+39 0 VB2MAX (pu) Maximum available exciter field voltage
J+40 0 VLIM1 (pu) Limit1 for Power Stage Logic Block
J+41 0 VLIM2 (pu) Limit2 for Power Stage Logic Block
STATEs Description
K Sensed Vt
K+1 PID Integrator
K+2 PID Derivator
K+3 VAVR
K+4 VA
K+5 VE
K+6 VF
VARs Description
L VPID
L+1 VFE
L+2 VEMAX
IBUS 'USRMDL' ID 'AC9CU1' 4 0 4 42 7 3 ICON (M) to ICON(M+3), CON(J) to CON(J+41) /

HAV
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Thyne1 Model Rev11 - Pa

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THYNE1 Model for Power System Stability Studies

11 Additional comments on KN, PSSE parameters added 13.06.2018 GLA

Index Modification Date Prepared Checked Approved

Client - Prep. 09.04.2014 EGR Filename THYNE1 MODEL REV11.DOCX

Client - Prep. 09.04.2014 EGR Filename THYNE1 MODEL REV11.DOCX

Client - Prep. 09.04.2014 EGR Filename THYNE1 MODEL REV11.DOCX

Client - Prep. 09.04.2014 EGR Filename THYNE1 MODEL REV11.DOCX

2 SIMULATION MODEL AND PARAMETERS

2.1 Generator, Transformer and Grid Connection

Symb. Parameter name Hydro Thermal Unit

Client - Prep. 09.04.2014 EGR Filename THYNE1 MODEL REV11.DOCX

IR,ag Rotor current of main generator at no-load air-gap A

Table 1: Synchronous generator data.

Symbol Parameter name Value Unit

Table 2: Rotating exciter model parameters.

Symbol Parameter name Value Unit

Table 3: Step-up transformer data.

Symbol Parameter name Value Unit

Table 4: Grid connection data.

Figure 1: Model structure.

Client - Prep. 09.04.2014 EGR Filename THYNE1 MODEL REV11.DOCX

2.2 THYNE1 Excitation System

2.2.1 Basic Structure of AVR and Power Part

Client - Prep. 09.04.2014 EGR Filename THYNE1 MODEL REV11.DOCX

Figure 2: THYNE1 excitation system model.

Symb. Nombre de Parámetro Value Unit

Table 6: Power part model parameters.

Client - Prep. 09.04.2014 EGR Filename THYNE1 MODEL REV11.DOCX

VPUmin Min. input limit, voltage controller -2.0 p.u.

Table 7: AVR model parameters.

Client - Prep. 09.04.2014 EGR Filename THYNE1 MODEL REV11.DOCX

2.2.2 Power System Stabilizer

1+sT6 1+sTW1 1+sTW2 B

SW2 = A for TW4 = 0

SW3 = A for S5 = 0 VSmin

Figure 3: Power system stabilizer block diagram.

Symbol Parameter name Value Unit

Client - Prep. 09.04.2014 EGR Filename THYNE1 MODEL REV11.DOCX

M Ramp tracking filter exponent of denominator

Table 8: Power system stabilizer parameters.

Client - Prep. 09.04.2014 EGR Filename THYNE1 MODEL REV11.DOCX

2.2.3 Instantaneous Field Current Limiter

Figure 4: Instantaneous field current limiter block diagram.

Symbol Parameter name Value Unit

Table 9: Instantaneous field current limiter parameters.

Client - Prep. 09.04.2014 EGR Filename THYNE1 MODEL REV11.DOCX

2.2.4 Under Excitation Limiter

Figure 5: Under excitation limiter block diagram.

Symbol Parameter name Value Unit

Table 10: Under excitation limiter parameters.

Client - Prep. 09.04.2014 EGR Filename THYNE1 MODEL REV11.DOCX

2.2.5 Thermal Limiter

IE < IEmax - IEzone

VTHL < 0 R D If C=1: VTHLmin=-1

Figure 6: Thermal limiter block diagram.

Symbol Parameter name Value Unit

Client - Prep. 09.04.2014 EGR Filename THYNE1 MODEL REV11.DOCX

TI2 Integrator time constant 2 s

Table 11: Thermal limiter parameters.

Client - Prep. 09.04.2014 EGR Filename THYNE1 MODEL REV11.DOCX

2.2.6 Overfluxing Limiter

Figure 7: Overfluxing limiter block diagram.

Symbol Parameter name Value Unit