Health and social Unit 1

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Unit 1
Hamza Khawaja 5124
Hathershaw College 33125

Contents 2 pg

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Client 1 3 pg
Client 2 6 pg
Organisation of services 9 pg
Care Values 11
pg
Communication 19
pg
Codes of Practice, Policies and Procedures 21
pg
Good Medical Practice 23
pg
Caldicott’s Standards 25
pg
Policies 26
pg
Conclusion 27
pg
Bibliography 29
pg

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Client study 1
For confidentiality reasons I have changed all the names in my study.

My client is called Marvin Johnson; he is 27 years old meaning he belongs to the life
stage of an adult; this age is a very special age for adults as we know that this is the
peak of a persons whole life; at this age most normal people would be the strongest,
run their fastest and be the best at every ability overall for a person but for my client
this isn’t the case.

My client is from dual heritage he is half African Caribbean and half White British, he
does not believe in god and has no religious beliefs he feels that science rules the
world; originally he was a Christian but lost all faith in everything simply because he
has been through a lot of chronic stress in life, and has had serious illnesses in life,
therefore believes there is no god and scientific and medical operations could be the
only solutions in life.

My client is from the city centre of Leeds; this is a very busy fast going loud area, he
works as a car sales man of his family business, this puts a lot of pressure on my
client as he wants his dads car show room to run the best possible, he feels that it is
all on his shoulder and his full responsibility to make the business the best.

My client is happily married; lives with his wife and 4 children, he has 2 sons and 2
daughters, he has moved out to the outer suburbs as he feels that it is better to
move to a quieter place to live the rest of his life with the rest of his family; this
benefits him as he would have a quieter place to sit back relax and rejuvenate this
would help him very well emotionally as he would feel much more relaxed and happy
as he would have a big nice place to have fun with his children and wife.

My client is at a very busy schedule due to taking care of his own families business,
and taking care of his family at the same time; therefore he doesn’t get much leisure
time, but when he does get the time, he often takes his family for walks in the park;
plays football with his children and also may take them to cinemas to watch a movie
if he gets the time.

As my client lives such a hardworking busy lifestyle, I have noticed that he doesn’t
get much time to exercise; the only form of exercise my client gets is through
walking in the park with his family and playing football, therefore he has small
amounts of exercise; this could prove to be a negative factor in my clients lifestyle as
it could open doors to a number of health problems, it could also risk chances of my
client becoming obese.

Due to his illness my client has never drank alcohol, this is a very positive factor as
this would make him have a very pleasing social life and a much improved physical
life keeping his liver and kidneys healthy; however my client was once a very heavy
smoker whilst he went to secondary school at, he smoked for 4 years heavily; from
when he was 12 till 16, he quitted at 17 therefore it has been 10 years since he has
last smoked meaning that his lung cancer rates are similar to a non smoker; he has
decreased risks of mouth and kidney cancer and also his precancerous cells get

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replaced. This again is a positive factor meaning he would have a clearer respiratory
system.
However, despite staying away from all the drugs, doing small amounts of healthy
exercises and living a normal lifestyle; my client unfortunately still suffers from a
very serious illness named leukaemia, which is a cancer found in the blood or bone
marrow in which the white blood cells uncontrollably split away this then affects the
norm production of the main cells including the red blood cells, white blood cells and
platelets.

My client’s type of leukemia is a very rare type; it is named as “the hairy cell
leukemia” or “histiocytic leukemia” it is very uncommon as only 2% of people with
leukemia have been diagnosed with this type. Research and scientists have claimed
that this exact disease is classed as incurable, however on the other hand it is easily
treated therefore my client regularly attends different health clinics to treat his
cancer, this will extend my clients length and quality of lifestyle.

For the treatment of leukemia my client visits primary and secondary health services:
He firstly meets his primary health sources as a regular check up…

My clients GP named Dr Khawaja is a source of primary care based in the heart of

Leeds at the City Centre Practice close to his work place. He coordinates my client’s
health problems on a regular basis, as it is necessary for him to have regular
checkups to observe progress on his health measures and also to check if another
problem is coming on its way as, Dr Khawaja was the first person to identify the
symptoms of leukemia in my client therefore he referred him to the oncologist.

He next visits his secondary health sources on a regular basis in order to receive
treatment for his cancer…

The oncologist Mrs. Reese is based at the Leeds Cancer infirmary Unit; provides my
client with statutory secondary health care. The main job role of the oncologist is to
explain everything that is occurring; she explains the tests that are going to be
carried out, and explain reasons for the test, making everything clear to my client
making him feel under less pressure.

After tests the job role of Mrs. Reese is to explain the results, explaining what the
results imply, explaining whether it has a positive or negative effect on my client’s
health and well-being. Then later explains treatment that would be carried out on my
client. All this help would mean that my client would feel that he is well informed and
would also have a good idea of all the treatment that would be carried out.

The ward nurses are very helpful towards my client; as their main job roles are to fill
all the clients’ needs whilst they are at hospital in pain, they look after them after
treatments, medication, communication, socialization and meet his basic needs . This
statutory secondary health care is very helpful towards my client as he suffer from
leukemia. Whilst having treatment for leukemia he found that the he suffered from
many weaknesses, he often lose weight, had hair loss and become much weaker on a
whole therefore they would help my client who has leukemia to keep strong and fit
by providing him with food that may keep a balance in his weight, and also reduce
his amounts of hair loss.

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The chemotherapist which again is secondary statutory care, Dr Who’s job role is to
explain the risks of chemotherapy to my client, he then writes my client a timetable
of appointments that would consist of dates and times for treatment, therefore he
would read off this to know when he will have to receive the chemical based therapy,
he will then begin to inform and advise my client on the intake measurements of the
chemicals; then after the therapy he explained any progress that made and any
problems that may have occurred during the treatment.
Hematology is another form of statuary secondary treatment my client has received;
these people specialize in blood related diseases and cancers; this is helpful for my
client as leukemia is a form of blood cancer; therefore the phlebotomist has taken
regular blood tests of my client which is then passed onto the hematologist to
analyze the blood, he then discusses with my client the main conditions of his blood
and explain how improvements are being made on the quality of his blood cells.

Oncology nurse is a very special nurse; who specializes in the types of cancer; in my
client’s case the oncology nurse specializes in leukemia, therefore she is going to
work hard on treating the cancer as she knows the best treatments that apply
towards my client as she is a specialist like a “Macmillan” nurse after chemotherapy
my client was given a course of interferon which is a medication which creates anti
viral’s which helps reduce the cancer cells, he was also given books and leaflets and
websites to help him become informed about his illness remission and how to cope
with it.

The Counsellor talks, listens and explains all the issues to my client, he gets my client
to explain all his feelings, worries; he then has a discussion with my client on how to
resolve them problems, and also dispels any myths. Ward nurses do the same; they
are kind considerate and thoughtful, they try to be sympathetic but optimistic and
reassuring. They do not lie however they try to get my client to be positive side when
things are bad and try to look at realistic steps of action. Take things one day at a
time, deal with really bad sickness and depression but try to keep his spirits up. Talk
about treatment and plans for future plans. They also give him coping strategies.

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Needs of Services How to gain Type of Sector Statutory/
client access service Non-
statutory
Regularly check General Self referral PHCT Primary Health Statutory
health, Practitioner
diagnosing and
prescribing all
medication
Takes blood tests, Haematologists/ Professional SHCT Secondary Health Statutory
then analyses the phlebotomist referral.
results explaining
what it means.
Explains the Counsellor Professional SHCT Secondary Health Statutory
dispel worries and referral.
concerns.
Explain the Chemotherapy Professional SHCT Secondary Health Statutory
chemotherapy nurse referral.
treatment and
the side effects of
this.
Tell you Oncologist Professional SHCT Secondary Health Statutory
everything; referral.
explain about
tests, treatments
and results.
Special nurse Oncology nurse Professional SHCT Secondary health Statutory
helps deal with referral
cancer directly.
Checks on Ward Nurse Professional SHCT Secondary health Statutory
progress and referral.
checks vitals.
Client study 2
For confidentiality reasons I have changed all the names in my study.

My client is named Fahad Jahangir; he is a 9 years old belonging to the age group of
childhood. This is a life stage for a person as it’s the time of enjoying your life, being
able to do anything you want and not getting in much trouble, living a life work-free
and stress free; an age where you could enjoy doing activities and having fun with
friends and other peers, but for my client Fahad it is not exactly the same story…

My client is from a family of a British Pakistani ethnicity, and belongs to a very strict
Islamic family, as his father just completed pilgrimage therefore he is now a very
strict Muslim and makes sure he attends all religious meetings and prayers, but his
son Fahad isn’t quite the same he doesn’t read any of his prayers, he instead walks
around in the middle of nowhere, and then lies to his father saying that he prayed at
mosque, this could have a very emotional affect towards him as he would feel upset,
depressed and sad due to the fact he always has to lie to his parents.

My client lives in a very big detached house in the suburbs of Oldham, this has a very
good environmental effect on my client, as he has lots of space in his house to have
rest, recreate and have fun; the fact that my client lives in a small town like Oldham
may also come to have many advantages because it is a more quite area of England,
doesn’t have much pollution in the air and is also not a very busy town, therefore it
enables my client to simply sit back and relax.

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My client lives with his nuclear family; which includes his mother, father, and 3
younger sisters, he is the eldest of his siblings therefore has more control over them.
Living with the full family has a very positive affect on my client as he has a mother
to nurture him well, a father to give him support economically, and emotionally, to
set examples and set a role to him, and younger siblings to play with.

My client at this life stage is too young to go work therefore he goes to school, he
goes to Werneth Juniors school, which is a very good primary school achieving high
grades, therefore my client may do very well study-wise, meaning he would have a
very bright future and very high job prospects, however the fact that the school look
for high grades may mean that he may mount a lot of unnecessary pressure amongst
himself.

Fahad’s main hobbies are mostly playing football, but he doesn’t do this with other
friends or people; we have found that he doesn’t interact with other children his age
very well, he instead stays away from them and practices kicking a ball repeatedly
towards a wall. The fact that he plays a lot of sport is a positive factor; however he
has solo play which isn’t a very good factor socially as it would mean he doesn’t have
many friends.

My client exercise levels are quite high as he has a lot of leisure time to do this, most
of his exercise levels are in form of playing football in his back garden, and this is a
very good physical aspect of his lifestyle as he would keep away from many heart
diseases and other health related diseases; his weight would also stay in good
proportion.

However, despite staying away from all the drugs, and doing large amounts of
exercises and living a normal lifestyle; my client unfortunately still suffers from
asthma and autism. Autism is a brain disorder that starts in the primary stages of
childhood but also carries on throughout the stage of adulthood; it affects a number
of crucial areas of development, including development in communication, social
relations, and imaginative play. Asthma is classed as an unceasing respiratory
syndrome, in which the airways suddenly narrow this often happens in response to
very cold air and whilst doing vigorous exercise.

Asthma and autism are both never ending problems meaning there isn’t an instant
cure to this; however treatments slow but regular treatments make these problems
reduce on their levels and give my client a more enjoyable and fun life.

Firstly starting with the illness of asthma we notice that primary care is taken at the
Oldham Primary care unit to treat his problems…

The first primary help my client gets is statutory care from his GP named Mr Ahmed;
he plays a big role in Fahad’s life as he regularly checks his health rates, BMI rates
and other essential rates to check whether my client is growing properly. He would
also prescribe my client with the different colours of inhalers, and also explain the
steps once to my client.

The next piece of statutory primary help comes from the health visitor named Sue
Smithies, she regularly checks my clients peak flow; she checks this to measure any
improvements in my client’s respiratory system, she also comes and visits him to
check if he is taking the correct intake of medication; to check if he is using his

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inhaler properly and at the right time, and also explains the colour coding of the
inhalers and when it is appropriate to use each inhaler.

Next we find that to deal with the illness of autism we notice that secondary social
care is taken to treat his problems…

The first statutory type of secondary health and social care, Fahad’s parents have
through being referred by his GP is to a behaviour psychologist named Mr. Evan; he
at the moment is trying to make Fahad’s life as normal as possible socially as he
teaches Fahad how to behave; he teaches Fahad the concept of sharing, and shows
him how to play with other people his age, expressing the importance and enjoyment
a person could get out of it. He also speaks to the family and gives them advice
regarding Fahad’s behaviours and also explains to them how to mix into other
environments making life more fun for Fahad and making it easier for him to mix into
other places.

Teaching assistants are a service provided by a local authority and health care; the
teaching assistants provide him with health and support in class, making sure he
understands everything the teacher is explaining and also help and encourage him to
mix in with other groups with other students; meaning that the teaching assistants
help him with his emotional, intellectual and social life, this states that the teaching
assistants play a big part in Fahad’s overall lifestyle.

As my client has major behavioural problems, he often gets picked up on an evening

for respite care. He would be taken to a centre where they would have a lot of
activities for my client to do, he would do activities including sound, light and using
his touching, and feeling senses, this would enable my client to develop skills and
make him feel like a normal child; this would also make my clients parents have a
little break, letting them have a bit more time to rest.

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Needs of Services How to gain Type of Sector Statutory/
client access service Non-
statutory
Regularly check General Self/parental PHCT Primary Health Statutory
health, Practitioner referral
diagnosing and
prescribing all
medication
Checks peak flow Health Visitor Professional SHCT Primary Health Statutory
makes sure you referral.
can use the
inhaler.
Teaches him how Behaviour Professional SHCT Secondary Health Statutory
to behave, how to psychologist referral.
share and play
with others.
Help him with Social Worker Professional SHCT Secondary Health Statutory
social problems, referral.
give family a
break
Teach him main Respite Care Professional SHCT Secondary and Statutory
skills; give him referral. social Health
awareness of light
and music help
with creative
skills.
Gives my clients Teaching Professional Education Education Statutory
extra help in assistant referral
class.

Organisation of Services

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In the U.K there are 4 different types of care sectors; the four different social and
health care types are statutory care, voluntary care, private care and informal care.
Statutory care is care which is there by law, and is paid by the government, for e.g.
the “NHS,” because they are also dependant on money from the government. My
client Marvin uses statutory care, the services he uses are:

 GP
 The oncologist and oncology nurse
 The ward nurses
 The chemotherapist
 Haematology and phlebotomist
 The counsellor

My second client Fahad also uses statutory care:

 GP
 Health Visitor
 Social Worker
 Teaching Assistant
 Respite Care
 Behaviour Psychologist

Voluntary care is when a non-statutory voluntary organisation helps others without

making any economic profit from the services they give. None of my clients use this
type of care.

Private care is when a client is provided with treatments but privately; private care
can be provided by organisations or individuals, for e.g. there are private clinics and
private nurses, however as this type of care is private it means that you have to pay
for the treatment. Again neither of my clients uses this exact type of care.

Informal care is a type of care service where a member of the family or friend takes
care of a client if there are in need of any sort of help. My client Marvin gets some
support of his nuclear family; his wife and four children, as he believes that they are
the only reason why he hasn’t yet quitted life and lost hope after being diagnosed
with cancer. My second client also gets some informal help from his nuclear family;
as his sisters and parents always are there for him whilst he’s in need for any help.

My client Fahad uses social care services in the form of; a social worker, behaviour
psychologist, and from respite care. However it is a multi agency as the behaviour
psychologist and the respite care are both health and social services; these services
help
Fahad’s overall social abilities improve, and would also fix his behavioural problems.
Fahad also has the use of informal carers; his parents, uncles and siblings always
help him with his problems.

My client Marvin hasn’t had any form of help other then the physical help; this
benefits him towards his cancerous problems as it reduces his leukaemia effects. He
doesn’t need any social help or voluntary help because this would not help reduce his
risks of cancer.

Oncologist
Oncology nurse
Ward Nurses
Chemotherapy Nurse
Government Wanting
full
Counsellor Integrated services or integrate
Hamza Khawaja 10 in main
Primary Secondary
Haematology cross sector multi
General Practitioner
West Yorkshire Behaviour
Leeds Infirmary Local School
Teachingdisciplinary services. stream
Health Visitor
West Pennine Health
Oldham Trust Secretary
Social
Respite
Carer
Social
Worker
ofcare
state Education
authority
Werneth Junior School
Psychologist assistant
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Care values
Care values are beliefs regarding the correct way in treating patients and clients.
These rules must be followed by Health and Social Care and Early Year’s workers,
however these are not classed as law, but is seen as very significant to follow or else

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your practice may get under supervision. Therefore all workers should respect the
care base which is made up with all the individual rules.

There are 7 care values which make the overall base:

1. Promoting anti-discriminatory practice.

2. Maintaining the confidentiality of information given.
3. Supporting individual’s right to dignity, independence, choice and health and
safety.
4. To have knowledge regarding the individuals beliefs and identity.
5. Protecting an individual from any form of abuse.
6. Supporting effective communication and relationships.
7. Providing individual care

Promoting anti-discriminatory practice

Promoting anti-discriminatory practice, is based upon the beliefs that ‘every should
be treated equal’ they use this common belief as a guideline into how to treat each
patient fairly and equally; however there is an exception to the rule that is due to the
fact that each patient has different illnesses therefore each client would be
vaccinated and treated around there individual needs. Clients are to be treated
revolving around her needs regardless of their culture, gender, social background,
disability, sexuality and race.

Marvin’s GP keeps this care value by being anti-discriminatory towards him; he does
this by not discriminating him for his age. Usually adults around Marvin’s age are at
the peak of their life; however that is not the case for Marvin as he suffers from
cancer. My GP would not let him feel devastated by this problem, instead he would
keep consoling Marvin and giving him ideas about the future which would keep him
optimistic, as the young age he lives at means he still has a large future ahead of
him, the GP would try to convince this to him. He would also not do everything for
Marvin to let him feel his independence; because if the GP did absolutely everything
for him, he may feel paranoid and weaker then he originally is, to make him feel
optimistic about his health improving. The GP would also keep encouraging Marvin
showing him the positive options for the future.

The oncologist for Marvin would keep this care value by giving him an equal
opportunity towards him, by enabling him to being offered treatment as soon as
possible; as they would with the rest of the clients, however it is important that they
give it him at an appropriate timescale revolving around his illness for e.g. as my
client has leukaemia it is better if he has the treatment offered to him as quick as
possible as this is cancerous meaning he would be prioritised. Again as he has a very
serious illness it is also important that they offer him the opportunity to accelerate
his treatments which is to be given towards him.

Then next the specialist oncologist nurse would try to determine how much of an
adult he is; the nurse would then work out he isn’t much of an adult after all because
she would find he is still a young adult and very inexperienced; therefore her work
would be revolving around the ‘inexperienced adult’ scenario and would keep
checking up on him towards how he is coping; these young adults are small hearted
and would give up very quickly however the nurse would keep his expectations for
the future high, and make him feel less scared and less worried about his illness
because he would find it very difficult to cope with the illness.

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One thing very common between the 3 professionals is that they would keep giving
Marvin empathy; however only to a certain extent they wouldn’t want to give him too
much empathy as that would make him feel weaker; so they would give him the
correct amounts of sympathy revolving around his age, an amount that would still
give him the feel he could fight off the cancer right till the end.

My client Fahad’s GP also caters towards the care values; it is very difficult for the GP
as Fahad is a 9 year old with a combination of many needs, the GP would have to
give his care and treatment based around his, autistic mental illness, also his
physical illness of asthma; he would treat Fahad with a lot of care and love as a client
with autism finds it hard to get used to new faces, therefore the GP has to build
amounts of trust with him, he would do this by giving him love; the main way my GP
has to cater his needs is by understanding that he has many needs and to accept it
and still work with diligence around it.

My client’s psychologist would also use the care value by making Fahad’s family feel
more confident about all the ongoing treatment, as psychologically if Fahad sees
confidence and happiness in his parents it’s automatic for a child to feel the same,
they would be explaining to Fahad’s parents that what is actually going on with
Fahad; he would also teach Fahad’s family how to cope with him. Another way the
satisfy this care value is by slowly building into treatment, they can’t do everything in
a sudden rush as Fahad is still only a child, therefore they take his age into
consideration. They would slowly build up Fahad’s confidence and self esteem
through the process of therapy; he would also make the family feel happier by
explaining to them how behind all the illnesses Fahad suffers from and is going
through there is a very happy intellectual and positive human being behind it.

The respite social care workers would act like a support mechanism for the parents,
there job is mainly to make the parents feel better giving them extra time to take a
rest. This type of care is given to make Fahad’s parents not feel like failures or feel
guilty about how their sons turned out to become through illnesses. This is actually to
give the parent and child quality time away from each others, as in order for Fahad to
build his confidence he must get used to newer faces, to break down his autistic
problem. This care would also give the parent’s time to refresh and rejuvenate to
come back and take care of their child the next day even better.

Marvin who is an adult was predominantly given empathy and sympathy by his
carers as he is an adult; however in contrast as Fahad is a child he is given love to
make him feel more confident about going through his illnesses.

Maintaining the confidentiality of information

The second care value is called ‘maintaining the confidentiality of information’ which
means that whatever the client tells my client it must be kept a secret; my client
would tell the private information to the professional carer and the carer would have
to maintain the information in confidentiality meaning it must only be discussed
between relevant people for e.g. Marvin’s GP may share information with the
oncology nurse. And in Fahad’s case the health visitor may contact and share
information with the behaviour psychologist.

Marvin’s GP would go through this care value by making sure all his important files
are locked away into cabinets, with passwords so that all the private information is

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beyond access. However the GP would try to convince Marvin to take a burden of his
shoulders and tell all his family the private information as well, Marvin may not want
to do this, as he may not want to be seen differently from his family, as he would like
to stay as the dominant alpha male in the house, however the GP would go through
the importance of telling his family; he would then ask for permission to pass on the
information to the specialist oncology sectors. Once the permission is given, he would
refer my client to the oncologist, who will take Marvin into a private soundproof room
so that information isn’t leaked out; he would make sure the room is quiet avoiding
disturbances and interruptions from other people and then would talk about all the
private problems that may be bugging Marvin at the moment; he would then
encourage Marvin to bring in a friend or a close relative to listen in on the talk, as he
would be able to then share the burden and get help of his family accordingly to his
problems.

The specialist oncology nurse would be set on the mission of building up a

relationship with Marvin, a very special relationship, in where there is a high amount
of trust within the 2 people. She would then utilize the trust by getting access
towards all of Marvin’s records, so that she could see everything Marvin has gone
through, to check for any other mental or physical and emotional problems. This
would create a better understanding towards Marvin, and as the first care value says,
the nurse could work towards Marvin revolving around the problems he has. This
would make his mental state straighter; he would have higher self esteem and
confidence.

As Fahad is too young to make decisions, Fahad’s GP would discuss to Fahad’s

parents about all the treatment which is about to be given; he would also explain the
effects of the treatment, and then would ask for permission towards whether they
would be allowed to share the private information to a multi-agency teacher; as she
would be able to give Fahad the help based around his problems in school. The
behaviour psychologist’s job is to check Fahad’s mental state, and then give all the
recent results towards the social worker and the GP; he would have to exchange
information to these carers for Fahad’s own benefit. The psychologist would then tell
the social workers the suitable respite care for Fahad, based around his illness,
however the social worker wouldn’t know as much of the confidential information as
the behaviour psychologist and GP; and it is all their jobs to keep the private
information stalled together.

All 3 carers would have to keep everything data protected, with passwords, filing
locks and would have to keep their emails secured for special confidentiality reasons,
and to keep the care value running.

Another way of keeping the privacy policy is the fact that the 3 carers would first
have to ask for permission off Fahad’s parents to whether they would allow
information being passed between the 3 carers, and they would have to explain that
they are doing this for Fahad’s own benefit and well-being to convince the parents to
give their consent in the end.

Promoting and supporting individual’s rights to dignity,

independence, choice of health and safety
The 3rd care value is called ‘promoting and supporting individual’s rights to dignity,
independence, choice of health and safety’ this is seen as a way of building a more
closer relationship with my clients; as they would respect them individually, and
respect there dignity and how they are independent. It also teaches the professional

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carers to respect the client’s choices and also builds a form of relationship which
enables them to give them options regarding how he should be cared for.

Marvin’s independence rights is supported by the GP, as he would listen to all of

Marvin’s worries and concerns for the future, he respects Marvin as he also listens to
what Marvin thinks should be done about himself, he clearly listens to Marvin’s future
planning’s, agreeing with him and also giving him hints and tips around it to make
him feel more confident as an individual. The oncologist would express respect in
Marvin’s individuality, by giving him the chance to make an individualised decision to
whether he wants treatment given to him straight away, and by giving him the
choice of the time scale for the treatment given. The oncologist nurse would respect
his individuality by enabling him to make the decision to whether he wants his
treatment speeded up.

Marvin’s dignity rights is supported by the GP, as to keep his dignity he would
examine Marvin in a private room away from everyone, so that he wouldn’t feel
embarrassed at all. The oncologist would respect his dignity, by helping him
throughout treatment making sure he doesn’t fall ill during it and by making sure all
the treatment is going correctly and is working properly. Dignity is also preserved by
the oncology nurse by making sure he is not too ill after the treatment.

Health and safety should also be supported and respected, my GP would carry this
out by making sure that the practice is safe and clean to avoid Marvin from tripping
over if he’s in a hurry, and by making sure that everything is sterilised so that it
doesn’t give him infections if used on him. The oncologist would do this by supporting
him through the highs and lows during the treatment, and by making sure he doesn’t
catch other illnesses, and if he notices any wounds on Marvin he would make sure it
gets covered and stays disinfected. Health and safety would be respected by my
specialist oncology nurse as she would make sure he gets pain relief after treatment
and anti sickness tablets because it is common for patients to do sick after going
through radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Another health and safety rule that all the carers must follow is, that all the practices
must be very hygienic and tidy for Marvin to avoid him from catching MRSA.

Fahad’s GP would give him the rights to dignity by giving him the best referrals to the
best specialists available. The behaviour psychologists would do this by allowing
Fahad to live as ‘normal’ as he possibly could. He would then pass on the progression
information to the social workers who would try upgrading his dignity by again
making him feel as normal as possible and confident as possible during his time
doing the activities.

His individuality would be improved through integration into a social society to

improve a more structure of himself making himself a more complete person, he
would be referred to a child centre which would have a more colourful theme to it,
which would bring out the creativity in the child. His behaviour would also be
modified making him into a more complete individual physically, socially, emotionally
and intellectually which completes the health and social term of ‘pies’ they would
make his ‘pies’ as good as possible meaning he would become a more confident
individual, breaking down the autistic problem. This is the job of the behaviour
psychologist and social worker, linked together.

Health and safety would be respected towards him by all 3 carers, it would be
respected as they would make sure Fahad is in a sterile, inviting and germ free
environment at all times.

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Acknowledge individual’s personal beliefs and identity

The 4th care value is ‘Acknowledge individual’s personal beliefs and identity’ this care
value gives a guide to professional carers of how a client should be treated normally
despite there overall identity and personal beliefs; it is about how they should learn
of the beliefs and make sure the treatments are based around the beliefs not
interfering within them. The carers in short must show how they accept people for
who they are.

The GP and oncologist would follow this care value, by making sure he understands
his family background and all the important beliefs, we know that my client is an
atheist therefore he would make sure he does not discriminate my client because of
his beliefs and would make sure whilst there are discussing concerns about future
that he doesn’t cross any of these barriers. He would also discuss about his
employment; and then again would talk about worries regarding the future.

However the specialist oncology nurse would take a different approach towards him,
she would make friends with Marvin however would be a colleague/professional at
the same time to make sure she is not crossing the professional barrier. She would
use this friendship to work out more about my client’s personal beliefs and his
identity, and if given permission she would pass out the information to the other 2
carers.

Fahad’s GP would start to acknowledge Fahad’s family’s needs, and would help them
regarding that; he would then work out what Fahad’s families main beliefs are and
would look at all the background and family networks. And then his future care would
be again revolving around this making sure he doesn’t accidently discriminate Fahad
because of his beliefs.

The behaviour psychologist would make sure that Fahad gets to mix in with other
people who have very similar beliefs as him, to make him feel more comfortable
around people with unfamiliar faces. This would slowly break down the discomfort
autistic people have around others, and then he could slowly start letting him
interact with people with different beliefs making slow progress for Fahad as he is
still a child.

The care workers will test what Fahad would like to do, to see if he prefers going to
people with similar backgrounds as him, as he would let Fahad choose which activity
he would like to do and with whom; this is a test to determine which type of people
Fahad is most gelled towards.

Protecting individual’s from abuse

The 5th care value is called ‘protecting individual’s from abuse’ this means that the
professional carer must keep a good look out for any forms of cuts and bruises this
would mean that they have found mistreatment within the client and then they would
report any abuse which has been found.

In this care value, all 3 of Marvin’s carers are going to work together as one team;
this is important and is also a part of the code of practice, which is a base to ensure

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that the treatments given to a client is up to the highest optimum; therefore we
realise that the care given to Marvin is up to very high standards.

The 3 carers would come together to all check that the treatment which is being
offered to Marvin isn’t making him have mood swings and giving him a mixed range
of emotions like feeling anxious, pressurised and having unnecessary stress. If they
see that he is getting these unnecessary worries they would try to calm him down
and protect him, and may also give him other choices and offers of treatment.

During the treatment they would also come together and fulfil the care value by
ensuring that he is not feeling abused; and they would protect him if he is starting to
feel distressed and anxious about the treatment given to him; they would also try to
decrease the amounts of side effects to the medication given to him as this may also
leave him feeling stressed and feel abused.

Fahad’s GP follows this care value by asking him questions to check if he is suffering
from any emotional abuse from school, he would look into Fahad’s eyes to notice
fear, anxiousness and discomfort if he notices this then he would realise that Fahad is
going through something in school and he would then try to work out what by again
asking him questions (he would have to make sure the questions don’t get to
intimidating) and after he has worked out where the abuse has came from he would
try to protect him from this and would also inform parents, and the behaviour
psychologist of these concerns. He would also look out to see if the client is getting
bullied.

Fahad’s behaviour psychologist would keep the care value by, checking Fahad for
any mental fears; he would then check his body for bruises. If there are any cases of
a bruised body he would then have to determine whether them bruises have came
from temper tantrums, accidents like slips pushes and falls or whether it is physical
bullying; then it would be the psychologists job to keep the parents vary that the
child is being bruised and that they should take care of him more to work out if he is
suffering from any form of abuse from school.

The care worker would check if he is able to join groups and play with other peers; to
determine whether he is not left out. If that seems to be the case it may mean he
suffers from bullying. To decrease the amounts of this abuse and to make Fahad a
more confident person they would start to encourage Fahad to do activities however
they would make sure they make him do the activities with someone at his age group
so that he could make some new friends.

Promoting effective communication and relationship

The 6th care value is ‘promoting effective communication and relationship’ this means
that the carers communicates with the clients in such a style where they can start to
understand each others and then build a relatively close relationship with them so
that they can trust there carer.

This care value is usually based on the tones the carers speak in towards the client...

The GP fulfils his care value as he builds his relationship through communication
however he doesn’t get too close to the client as he keeps a professional barrier; for

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the sake of his high repute profession he talks in a technical tone; however not too
technical as that would break down the relationship between the two, he makes it
technical but easy enough for my Marvin to understand what he’s saying.

His oncologist is more professional and has a higher repute job than the GP therefore
he would have to be very professional. He speaks very technically again he keeps the
technicality to a certain extent; he keeps it to an extent where he is not starting to
patronise Marvin with the technicality. He has the language complex but still enough
for Marvin to understand to avoid communication and relationship breakdowns
between the two.

The specialist oncology nurse who has a friendlier and less professionalised
relationship with my client would talk to my client in a reassuring, calm and quiet
tone giving one and another plenty of time to speak to each other; exactly how
friends would talk to each other together. She would then start to explain details
from all the consultants.

The GP fulfils his care value as he builds his relationship through communication
however like Marvin he still doesn’t get too close to the client as he keeps a
professional barrier; for the sake of his high repute profession he talks in a technical
tone; however not too technical as that would break down the relationship between
the two, he makes it technical but easy enough for my Fahad to understand what
he’s saying because Fahad is a child he wouldn’t be want to make it too difficult for
him.

The psychologist would speak to him in a positive and slow tone making sure he
understands everything being told. An understanding calm and caring tone would be
put on to sedate him, making him feel confident and reassured about the
psychological treatment given to him.

The social worker is going to be informal towards Fahad no matter how professional
and prestigious their job is; they are going to be very friendly towards Fahad. The
social worker would talk to Fahad in the same lingo in which his friends would to give
him a very casual friendly feel to him making him feel very comfortable at the respite
care.

Providing individualised care

The last type of care is ‘providing individualised care’ this type of care is when they
provide care according to the patients needs however are still given with privileges of
an equal opportunity.

For Fahad the GP would make the care individualised by enabling him to make a
choice of what type of medication he wants for his asthma, for e.g. which type of
inhaler he wants, he is going to leave Fahad to make these individual choices for
himself, as he would let all the other normal children make their own choices for
themselves, this is to make Fahad feel equal towards the rest.

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The psychologist would discuss the different types of therapy available for him like:

• Talking Having a mix and match between these

• Music different therapies would be very beneficial for
• Pictures Fahad as it would develop all his strong points
and would get the best out of him.
• Activities

Similarly to the psychologist the social worker would give Fahad a freedom of choice
in whichever activities he wants to take part in for himself.

For my client Marvin all 3 of the professional carers would go through a plan with
him:

Marvin would make a choice.

He would then ask the

professional carer if It is also important for Marvin
appropriate. to give them a very informative
and informed decision to keep
him empowered.
Then a plan regarding this
would be produced.

Tim Opportunity Meeting all

e needs

Communications
My client Marvin’s GP uses the communication method ‘Listening actively’ as he
listens very carefully to Marvin whilst he is talking; the GP could instantly realise by
the voice tone of Marvin that he is upset about his problem. The GP also views
Marvin’s signs, symptoms and worries through listening to him and sharing his
problem actively; this enables him to get a clearer picture of what Marvin is going
through, and makes it easier for him to find methods to make Marvin feel better.

For Marvin’s oncologist ‘Listening actively’ is a very significant factor as he would

have to listen to all of Marvin’s problems carefully; he would then listen to all of
Marvin’s reasons for any concern regarding treatments of leukaemia and anything

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else that seems like a problem to him. He then has to listen carefully to the feedback
Marvin’s giving about most of the treatments; this would give the oncologist’s a
chance to improve the cancer treatment staff. To end with the oncologist would have
to listen to all of Marvin’s optimistic plans for the future, and then encourage him to
go through with it all and help him make the right decisions for the future.

Marvin’s ward nurse also finds ‘Listening actively’ very important as she would listen
to Marvin’s main worries, she would be able to see how scared and worried he is
about this through the style of speech as she is listening to him very carefully.
Therefore she would then sympathise him and console him through his worries
however her main job would be to keep encouraging my client that he could go
through all this treatment and end up successful.

Another communication skill used on my client is ‘Organising questions’ all 3 of my

clients carers do this. The GP, oncologist and ward nurse all make a check list of
questions about him; which covers all of the ‘PIES’ which is a short phrase used for
physical, intellectual, emotional and social needs. They would then end up with
information all about my client, meaning they wouldn’t be missing any vital
information about him out. This would make them feel a lot more confident about all
the treatment given to Marvin, as they know him more and know his problems with
more depth.

Again to ensure that they do not miss out any vital information about my client, all
three carers the GP, oncologist and ward nurse ask open ended questions. ‘Open
ended questions’ is another important communication skill as it would mean that
Marvin would open up and speak up more about himself giving detailed information
about himself meaning they aren’t missing any information out again making them
know Marvin better almost like creating a bond with him meaning they would again
be more confident through the treatment.

The GP, oncologist and ward nurse would all use the communications skill ‘talking to
the correct level’ however they would use it at different degrees of impact on the
client. Firstly the GP would use at times recap what he says but in a different way; as
he wouldn’t want to make the client feel stupid at some degree by repeating himself,
therefore he recaps it in different words giving him a shorter summary of it making
sure he understands everything properly. Quite differently we may notice that the
Oncologist is a technical profession therefore he would have to speak in a more
technical way; however it would have to be controlled as he wouldn’t want to
patronise Marvin therefore he would use technical language to a certain extent to
keep looking professional and also use shorter words to make sure Marvin
understands everything. In contrast the ward nurse explains everything to him
slowly; breaking down the technical language in more formal words, meaning she
explains things to my client more clearly at a more personal language ensuring he
understands everything said.

Another communication skill the GP, ward nurse and oncologist use is ‘keeping the
conversation going’ as they would try to prevent difficult silences as that would make
Marvin feel quite awkward; as they are just sitting there in silence giving him a feel of
discomfort therefore they would keep talking, ensuring that Marvin feels to the
maximum comfort.

The GP, oncologist and ward nurse would find it important to make the correct ‘facial
expressions’ and the correct use of ‘eye contact’ and ‘positive body language’ they
do this by when in contact with Marvin they smile, shake hands and give friendly
gestures like a pat on the shoulder as this is reassuring gesture making him feel

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more positive about treatment that’s going to be given. They would also sit at the
right level because if the client was lower it may make him feel awkward or have a
lower self esteem, therefore it is important to sit at the right level and keep good eye
contact with the client. The eye contact is very important and should not be
obstructed by objects like computers.

My second client Fahad’s carers also use the communication skill ‘listening actively’
his health visitor also uses this type of skill; he does this by letting my client Fahad
have enough time to speak; making him feel a little more grown up which would
increase his self esteem however as he is still a child the health visitor would have to
entitle the parents with a chance to speak to them so that they can also understand
the on-going treatment.

The behaviour psychologist would also listen actively to my client Fahad, he would do
this by listening to my client in a calming manner this would make Fahad feel wanted
and more safe; meaning he would also become more confident being able to trust
the Psychologists as he would feel like the centre of attention.

The respite care social workers would be friendly; therefore they would listen to all
the decisions the parents want carefully and would reassure that whatever they plan
would go there way. They would listen to what the parents want doing with the child
and would act towards that, and also when the action on the children is to be taken.

The second type of communication skill is ‘organising questions’ the health visitor,
behaviour psychologist and respite social worker; the health visitor would make a
check list to find out more about his asthma problems, ensuring that he covers
everything to make it a thorough explanation of how he is coping. The behaviour
psychologist would make a tick list tracking his behaviour and how he is coping with
his condition of autism. Lastly, the respite social worker would make a check list of
questions to thoroughly find out how the rest of the family is coping with Fahad’s
conditions.

Asking open ended questions is something all 3 of the carers do, my health visitor,
behaviour psychologist and respite social worker all use this by, not asking him yes
or no questions as that would waste time and they would not learn much about him;
as my client is an autistic child, it would mean that the condition would make him
find it hard to express himself therefore asking open ended questions would coach
him into opening himself up more making him feel more normal around the carers;
which would boost there confidence, relationship and understanding between the
carers and client.

Talking to the correct level is something all 3 of the carers do, my health visitor,
behaviour psychologist and respite social worker all use this as it is very important
for my client Fahad because he is a child therefore they all would have to use less
technical language as this would be way to complex for my client to understand
however it shouldn’t be too simple as this may make the child feel stupid. It is very
important for them to speak at the correct level as the parents may also get
concerned and worried that the child wouldn’t understand what they are saying.

Keeping a conversation going is also very important; they keep quite a professional
and technical way of talking to the parents as they would want the parents to feel
that the carers are doing there job very well they would keep conversations going
with the parents regarding the problems the client suffers from and the treatments
and help that could be given throughout, this is to avoid awkward silence as the
parents then may feel that the professional carers don’t know what there doing very

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well. In a more relaxed and friendly atmosphere the professional cares would create
friendly conversations with Fahad to keep him feeling confident and relaxed; he
would then open up the child more meaning he would start to create a better
understanding between themselves.

The health visitor, behaviour psychologist and the respite social worker would find it
important to make the correct ‘facial expressions’ and the correct use of ‘eye
contact’ and ‘positive body language’ they do this by wearing smart clothes however
not too smart the clothes would need a hint of casualness as well, as they wouldn’t
want to freak the child out by wearing clothes too smart, the casual touch gives it a
friendly feel. They would act professional to the parents, but towards Fahad they
would act more like friends; another touch would be by having a different type of
chair setting something more fun for a child and also keep them in an attractive room
as this would make Fahad feel enlightened.

Codes of Practice, policies and procedures

Code of practice is a certain type of practice which is used as a guideline; works as a
frame in which work should be done in. The code of practice promotes the ideas of
how to maintain and support clients providing them a guide to the responsibilities.
Code of practice is often matched up with to care values as they both have common
aims meaning they compliment each others; they work together to support and
benefit the patient. However this is not classed as law; it is produced as a result of
law, it is more or less a guideline produce for the benefits of a client.

Policy; which is a section of the Code of Practice, includes of activities like: how to
handle and move around clients, how to feed them, how to bathe them and how to
handle them in most situations. This is again like the Code of practice to keep the
client at ease, and keep benefiting them in a positive way. Each policy is then set
with a set of procedures, step by step instructions to be followed on how to treat the
clients safely.

Procedures are a step by step guide which is followed to make sure you are following
through a policy correctly to ensure that you are treating your client safely.

Nursing and midwifery councils code of professional conduct

There is a code of practice for each professional showing standard of manner,
performance and principles for nurses and midwives; this code came into effect on
June 2002. The code consists of bits that apply to my 2 clients.

This applies to two of my clients as they both have regular checks by a nurse, my
client Marvin has his oncology ward nurses to look after him and my other client
Fahad also gets support by a health visitor nurse to cater his asthmatic needs.

My client’s professional carers in the nurse and midwife sector all must cater my
clients through the guidelines codes given below:

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• ‘By treating the clients as individuals with respect’
• ‘Obtaining full consent before giving any form of care’
• ‘Protecting confidentiality of information’
• ‘Co-operating with others in the team and being honest and trustworthy’
• ‘act to identify and minimize risks to patients and clients’

The first code of ‘treating the clients as individuals with respect’ would be applied to
both of my clients very positively as my first client Marvin who suffers from leukemia
which is a cancer wouldn’t be treated unfairly because of his condition; this would
make him feel more confident in talking to his nurses and building a more stronger
relationship with them. They wouldn’t make him feel useless and make him believe
he could also do things for himself; this would make him feel like he has his own
privacy, and would make him feel respected for his condition and for who he is.
However the amounts of respect should also be given to Marvin to a certain level in
making him feel like a proper adult, he shouldn’t be given too much respect as that
would make him feel weaker or older, or too less as he would feel like a kid or less
valued. Similarly my other client Fahad is also affected by this code; again in a
positive way as the health visitor nurse would give Fahad some chances to feel
individualized to a certain extent however parents must be also told of what
decisions Fahad is making as he is still a very small child; however individual respect
would still be given to him to make him feel the love from the health visitor; this
would again make him a more confident person.

As there is a lot of respect for my client Marvin there is also going to be a high
amount of respect given for his decisions therefore the nurses would have to use the
second code of ‘Obtaining full consent before giving any form of care’ this would
mean the oncologist ward nurses job would be to explain to my client all the further
treatment which would be given and what are the side effects and consequences and
the final decision would be in the hands of Marvin to whether he would go through
the treatment. This also interlinks and satisfies the first code of treating him as an
individual. Quite similarly Fahad is treated the same in being able to obtain consent
off his health visitor, they do this by giving him the choice of what doses of asthma
inhalers he wants to take etc. this would again have a positive effect on Fahad
making him feel more mature. ‘Act to identify and minimize risks to patients and
clients’ is another code that interlinks with my the obtaining consent code as the
medication has to also look trustworthy for both clients in order for them to accept
the medication and use it straight away; the fact that the medication would be top
notch according to the codes would mean that both clients would be happy in taking
them and would feel confident about taking it ,meaning they would also reduce their
illnesses control any pain and improve their self esteem.

By using the first two guidelines my clients would gain confidence in the nurse and
health visitor meaning they would also gain trust in them as well this would lead to
the third code as they would start giving the professional carers all the private
confidential information and the nurses job would be the code of ‘Protecting
confidentiality of information’ my client Fahad and Marvin would think that they are
trustable and all information could be passed onto them with confidence this is
because they have faith and trust in the nurses; this would interlink to the code of
‘Co-operating with others in the team and being honest and trustworthy’ they can’t
break the trust of our clients as they have given all the confidential information;
however Fahad and Marvin would feel very comfortable at the fact they could trust
there nurses as it is a part of their guidelines of being honest and reliable.

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Good medical Practice for doctors
Good medical practice is a set of guidelines given towards all doctors from normal
GPs they are a GP to surgeons or even specialist consultants. These set of rules for
Doctors were created in May 2001. They are put into sectors or even main points;
they are 60 sectors of main points however I am going to choose the 5 most
significant points that apply towards my clients. The 5 points are:

• Having good clinic care

• To keep up to date with good medical practice
• Keep obtaining consent
• To work as a part of a team
• To keep writing and keeping reports

The 5 points are seen as very important as it would determine the way my client is
being treated and how easier it would be for him to fight off the certain illnesses he
has.

These 5 parts will affect my client Marvin in a positive way; as he has regular checks
at the GP surgery. The first point of ‘having good clinic care’ this implies that the
overall care which is given to Marvin would be at exceedingly high standards this
would have wonderful affects on him as he would feel much more relaxed, confident
and more secure this is mainly because good care may connote the correct
treatment is given to him; meaning he is comfortable to let the doctors try different
treatments on him to make him feel better as he is confident that whichever types of
care is being given to him would be at very accurate and high standards. The fact
that ‘Good clinic care’ gives my client a higher amount of trust in the GP would mean
that he could be more open towards the GP meaning this would enable the GP to see
diagnose his main problems, he would then be able to realize the emotional and
mental strain and problems that my client also; and could almost be like a friend
helping him out with them problems too, meaning he would be treated ‘physically,
emotionally, socially and intellectually’ by the practitioner, this would also complete
his treatment with the health and social care term ‘PIES’ if your life has a good
balance with the ‘PIES’ it would mean that you would have a very healthy and
enjoyable lifestyle; therefore we notice that the GP would try to make my clients life
more healthier and enjoyable despite his cancerous illness through the use of having
‘good clinic care.’

The second point of ‘Keeping up to date with good medical practice’ would mean the
doctors would understand the latest treatments and how to apply them with the
minimal side effects this would benefit my client as he would realize that they have a
lot more treatments available for him making Marvin feel much more confident that
the doctors and other carers would definitely find some form of treatment to reduce
his illness. Marvin is young adult at the peak of his life however has leukemia I feel he
would prefer short term medication that would help him on the long term as he is
young and has a lot if life goals to meet and also has a family who are dependent on
him to live for, therefore he wouldn’t want medication with too many side effects as
that would weaken him, because he needs to stay strong for his family. Therefore we
realize that ‘Keeping up to date with good medical practice’ is a very important factor
in Marvin’s overall quality of treatments.

The next point is ‘Obtaining consent’ this is important because a GP isn’t allowed to
treat Marvin without his consent and agreement; this is a similar to the nurses and

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Midwifery Code of Conduct; this would mean Marvin would need to know all the
stages of the treatment, what the treatment does, how it works and the side effects
to the treatment (as the GP would have been keeping up to date with good care, they
would have treatments with very few side effects for Marvin). Their main jobs are to
convince Marvin to go through the treatment however if the GP doesn’t get consent
from my patient, they have committed a crime as they are breaking the law therefore
they would be taken to court and would be prosecuted. But as my clients GP practice
has ‘up to date medical care’ and ‘good clinic care’ it would mean that Marvin would
be confident that the treatment that is recommended is correct; therefore obtaining
the consent would be a very easy task for my GP. We now start to realize how each
sector begins to interlink and make a perfect code for doctors.

The fourth point of ‘Working as part of a team is also really important; because
Marvin has been referred to a number of other professional carers therefore to keep
his treatment to a high optimum they would have to keep in contact with each other
letting each other know what stage of the different treatments they are on. This
would make my clients treatment to a much higher standard. Therefore we realize
the importance of this factor because if there is lost contact between each
professional they may be overdoses of treatments given due to confusions, which
would make Marvin’s condition even worst and the professionals could also get
themselves into trouble by the law and would be sent into court for prosecution.

Writing and keeping reports is also equally as important because it is important that
the GP’s keep a record of whatever is happening to Marvin, so that they could look
back at these distinctive notes and note down any health based improvements. To
notice if his blood level is improving or whether his blood count is getting back to the
norm amount as leukaemia is a condition to do with the blood.

These doctor codes doesn’t apply to my client Fahad as he only had a GP for a short
period of time, the GP referred Fahad onto a Health visitor who regular checks Fahad
instead of going to the GP regularly. The health visitors also obey rules very similar to
the ones GP’s are given with.

Caldicott standards
The other code of practice which applies to my clients is the ‘caldicott standards’
which is written regarding the Data Protection Act 1998 principles. These certain
types of rules are made to be set out in sectors called principles. These rules are
used to show an exemplar model towards how each professional in the health and
social care organization should treat a client’s information with respect for their
individuality and how to keep confidentiality. There are 6 most outlined principles for
this standard and the main 6 principles of this standard are:

• Justify the purpose for which the information is needed

• Only use personally identifiable information when absolutely necessary
• Use the minimum personal identifiable information possible- if possible use an
identifier number rather than a name
• Access to the information should be on a strict need to know basis
• Everyone should be aware of his/her responsibilities to respect clients
confidentiality

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• Understand and comply with the law. The most relevant legislation is the Data
Protection Act 1998, the Police & Criminal Evidence Act 1984 and the Human
Rights Act 1998

These principles affect the work of all the health professionals that work with my
clients. This rule means that both my clients have the rights to let the professional
carers know which information they would like to be kept a secret and which bits of
information they don’t mind being told to others. These rules would also express how
the professionals should handle the information they know of, for example whilst
handling the patient birth records or criminology history. To keep the standards
ongoing, the professionals make sure that all information is left confidential and put
away somewhere safe, this is because they have to make sure they respect the
clients decision of what they want kept a secret from everyone else.

For my client Marvin he would like most of his family problems or other physical
illness problems kept confidential as he would feel better if he doesn’t keep
remembering them problems by them being mentioned by everyone therefore it is
better it being kept a big secret kept by the carers. In contrast the doctors may not
be able to keep everything confidential for Fahad as he is from a very tender age;
meaning that the secrets cannot be kept between just the two, the parents would
have to be informed if any potential problem is being seen in Fahad, however the
parents are the only people they could inform which keeps the information
confidential to a certain extent.

For Marvin confidentiality could be very important, if his cancer gets to a higher
stage. As this would mean that he is more critical, and more closer to death, he may
not want the rest of his nuclear family to know, as they would be more worried about
him and treat him more differently therefore he may want to keep that a secret from
them; therefore he would tell the carers this and should have the privileges of
keeping it a secret.

The Caldicott Standards support the care values, nursing and midwifery code of
professional conduct, good medical practice. They are the law meaning they demand
what must be done; therefore it is important to follow these laws meaning you must
stick by the care values and the codes of practices.

Policies
There are 3 policies which are most likely to affect my client they are;
• Visitors policy
• Fire drills
• Procedure of and health and safety
These policies maintain my clients well being. The visitor’s policy affects my client
Marvin in a hospital as it is extremely important because he may not want some
visitors coming and making noise whilst he wants silence and peace. Similarly for
Fahad random visitors can be hazardous as his condition of autism would mean that
he would find it hard to be around new faces and he may get up and react quite
badly towards them maybe try to attack them therefore the restriction that the
visitor policy puts on is a huge advantage towards my clients.

The fire drills policy affects both of my clients mainly Marvin, as he spends most of
his time at the hospital due to his serious illness, therefore the staff of the practice or

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hospital must ensure that my clients know and understand the procedures of
escaping the place safely and in order if in any case a fire drill has been set off this is
also important at other places like the GP’s practice or the respite care place. Both
clients are told where the places for the quickest and safest escapes are; however as
Fahad is still a child stickers have been placed to show where the fire exits are to
make things easier for him.

Procedures of Health and safety is a very significant factor; the carers should make
sure the practice is very tidy to prevent patients who come with wounds from getting
infected; they would also have to keep all the equipment sterilized and clean for use
on patients, if they don’t they could pass on diseases like HIV and get charged in
court. They should also keep the place clean to make the environment more
enlightened this is important for Fahad as he needs to feel comfortable wherever he
is due to his autistic condition. Another reason health and safety is very important is
during a process like a fire drill, it would be very important that everything out of the
way, tidy and in order to reduce the number of patients bumping into each other and
falling over objects; the carers would have to be in charge of keeping it all in order
during a time like this. This would be important to Marvin due to the fact he spends a
lot of his time at a hospital.

Evaluation
They aren’t many similarities between my two clients however one thing that is
similar between the two of them is the fact that they are both being treated by the
‘NHS’ (national health service) with professional carers like GP’s who make their
overall lifestyles much more comfortable and normal as possible. Another similarity is
the fact that both of my clients are strongly supported by their families. My first client
Fahad has his mum and dad and siblings who take care of him at all times, they must
cater his autistic and asthmatic needs at all times similarly Marvin has his own
nuclear family that keep up with him and support him at all times making him feel
better and more confident and optimistic about his future.

The services my client Fahad uses are too a very good standard as the services he
uses are all followers of the care values and also take part in the caldicott standards
and other procedures that are necessary towards them this forms a large team as he
has people caring for him physically and socially meaning he would have large
chances of getting his asthmatic and autistic problems treated to the maximum
optimum. Similarly Marvin also has a fair sized team of professionals catering his

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cancer, the fact that all the carers work together closely may mean that there is a
less chance of miscommunication and communication breakdown meaning that
whichever treatment is being given is of a very high standard. This implies that the
chances of my clients getting better are very high. Therefore I believe that the
services that both my clients used were effective as they catered around my clients
needs very accurately and providing them with a very high care, as they accurately
followed the care values.

However they are still disadvantages of my clients services; one of them is the fact
that the services include a lot of travelling for both my clients Marvin and Fahad as
they would have to go to different practices not just one place, as Fahad goes to
many places for different care; this would make them feel very tired before receiving
treatment and it would also make them feel troubled as they are far away from
everyone close to their hearts. This creates a link to another disadvantage which I
feel could be the fact that some services are so far away from each other meaning
that they could be mistakes made like files sent to the wrong places and
communication break downs and other misunderstandings whilst talking. This could
be a big disadvantage as it would decrease chances of the treatment being at a very
high standard.

I believe that my clients would feel very worried and neglected if the care values
procedure was not carried out as it is required for my clients health and well being. I
feel it would have decreased chances of their illnesses from being treated to a good
standard. I think Marvin would still be very worried and unsure about treatments
because without the care values he wouldn’t know what treatment is available to him
therefore he would be terrified and would not take a step forward into getting himself
treated he would just leave himself and let the cancer kill him slowly. For Fahad it
would mean that he also wouldn’t start to slowly break down his autistic habits and
would be less confident; he wouldn’t want to make any friends or form any groups
and may also at extreme cases suffer from bullying.

Choice is also very important because both my clients didn’t get their privileges of
choice they would feel that they have lost their independence, they have a very low
self esteem and would also feel very undignified and let down. If my clients didn’t get
their chance to have their own choices in treatment I believe they would start to
dislike there staff and may also start arguments with them, I also believe the families
of the clients would also stand up towards the staff and cause very big argument
until they win their right of having a choice on the treatment, I think Marvin would
feel very weak and would lose hope in getting better, he would also lose his status
and feel of the dominant male and would think that he shouldn’t get treated in this
practice if he isn’t getting any individuality or respect, and in Fahad’s case I believe
his parents would also be very angry for not having a say in his treatment and would
also feel that his individuality has been played with and would make Fahad feel
disrespected downgraded and discriminated for his disability.

If the code of practice, policies and procedures were not applied, it would mean that
there is no guideline for the professionals to follow; it wouldn’t only affect the clients
but also the nurses as they wouldn’t know what to do they would feel confused and if
they do something wrong then legal action could be taken on them and they could
also be prosecuted. This would also mean that the treatment given wouldn’t be up to
the correct standards; the wrong treatment may be given making the condition of a
person even worst, which again could mean they would be taken to court for abuse.
They would also be a total system break down, meaning there would be a lot of
confusion and there would be many misunderstandings meaning that the standards
of treatments would take a decrease and it would leave the patients very angry.

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Computer based communication would be a very big advantage to my clients carers
as they could send each other quick emails with all the files needed about my client
making the standards of care more effective and quicker, it would be a very useful
use of communication as it is trouble free it is a better option than the carers
travelling to meet each others to drop off files as it makes it easier to just fax them or
email them. GP’s could also refer someone even quicker through telephones or fax.
Therefore we notice that the latest technology can also increase both my clients
chances of treatments for e.g. Fahad’s behavior psychologist may find faxing
information to my GP a much quicker alternative then travelling in a car to fax
information.

Receptionists and porters are indirect carers, they help make the whole system for
the hospital work out in the correct manner; being the backbone for the hospital
making a structure for it. They also help the direct carers to give a more improved
medical care. By doing this they make the overall experience of staying in the
hospital better for the clients, it makes them feel valued and well cared for.

Bibliography

Textbooks:
Health and Social Care, Mark Walsh and Josephine de Souza, (Collins)
Health and Social Care, Neil Moonie (Heineman)
Health and Social Care, Fisher, Seamons, Wallace and Webb, (Folens)
GCSE Health and Social Care, Adrian Lamb (Phillip Alan)

Library Books:
Medical Dictionary from School Library
Leaflets and Documents
The Midwifery and Nursing Code of Conduct
Every Child Matters
Good Medical Practice 2006
Children’s Act
Caldicott Standards

Interviews
Personal interviews and questionnaire

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Shared interviews with clients

Internet
Medical Dictionary
Medical Health search from Clients

www.everychildmatters.gov.uk
www.opsi.gov.uk
www.liverpool.gov.uk

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