ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF COMBINED RECTANGULAR FOOTING

DESIGNATION:

STAAD GENERATED: PROPERTIES:

MAX SERVICE LOADS qa = 96 Kpa
P1 = 1500.41 kN fc' = 21 Mpa
P2 = 1409.104 kN fy = 275 Mpa
M1 = 9.048 kNm ϒcon = 23.54 kN/mᶟ
M2 = 10.931 kNm ϒsoil = 18 kN/mᶟ

ULTIMATE LOADS C1 = 500 mm x 600

Pu1 = 1987.059 kN C2 = 500 mm x 600
Pu2 = 1877.002 kN
Mu1 = 14.13 kNm t = 0.8 m
Mu2 = 16.428 kNm Df = 2 m
S = 3.8 m
a = 2 m
FIGURE:

SOLVE FOR B&L:

Aftg = ΣP / qeff qeff = qa - ϒsoil ( Df - t) - ϒcon (t)

Aftg = 52.36 m^2 qeff = 96 - 18.0 ( 1.2 ) - 23.5 ( )
qeff = 55.57 kPa

where L/2 = a + x
for x : ΣM @ P1

ΣP (x) = P1(0) + M1-M2+P2(S)

= 1500 0 + 9.048 - 11 3.8 x = 792.55(0)+(-16.7)-(16.7)+854.36(3.8)
1500 + 1409 792.55+854.36
x = 1.8397273

L = 2 ( a+x ) B = Aftg / L b=L-S-a

L = 2 ( 1.6+1.84) B = 52.36 / 7.679455 b = 4.072 - 3 - 0.5
L = 7.6794545 m B = 6.8181 m b = 1.88
SHEAR & MOMENT DIAGRAM

ΣP 1987.059 +
qu = =
L 7.679
qu = 503.17

623.013+590.323 623.013
3 = x2
x2 = 1.86

x1 = S - x2 = 3 -1.54 = 18.94

Summary of Shear :
V1 = 760.144
V2 = -1226.916
V3 = 1180.205
V4 = 696.8

Summary of Moment :
M1 = 470.22
M2 = 470.22
M3 = -719.89
M4 = 361.28
M5 = 361.28

D E S I G N O F S H E A R:

a. ONE - WAY SHEAR

VU = ϕVc

VU = Vmax - qu ( d + c/2 ) 1180.205 - 633.45 ( d + 0.5/2 )

VU = 1180.205 - 633.45 ( d + 0.5/2 ) 0.75 ( 0.11 ) (1) ( √21 ) (8.6) (d) (10^3)
 d = 0.31
ϕVc = ø (0.11) (λ) (√fc') (bd)

ϕVc = 0.75 ( 0.11 ) (1) ( √21 ) (8.6) (d) (10^3)

b. PUNCHING SHEAR

Pu
VU = ϕVc

VU = Pun -qun ( c1 + d ) ( c2 + d )

ϕVc = ø (0.11) (λ) (√fc')4(0.5+d) (d)

qun = ΣPu/Aftg

= 168. 52 Kpa

at left : at right:

792. 545 - 168. 52 ( 0.5 + d )^2 = 854. 356 - 168. 52 ( 0.5 + d )^2 =
0.75 ( 0.11 ) ( √21 )( 4 ) ( 0.5 + d )( d )(10^3) 0.75 ( 0.11 ) ( √21 )( 4 ) ( 0.5 + d )( d )(10^3)

d = 0.45 m d = 0.48 m

for thickness :
t = d+c

t = 480 + 95 = 575 mm

D E S I G N O F R E I N F O R C E M E N T S:

Parallel to Length

Mu = 397 . 080 kN.m

Mu 397 . 080 x10^6
Rn = = = 0.798
ϕbd^2 0.9 ( 2400 ) ( 480 )^2
fy 275
M = = 15.406
0.85f'c 0.85 (21 )
1 √1-2MRn/fy
ρ = [1- ] = 0.00297
M
1.4
ρmin = = 0.00509 > ρ
fy
use ρmin

USING 25 mm RSB
for top bars : for temperature bars :
AS = ρminbd Ast = 0.0018bt
AS = 5863.68 mm^2 Ast = 2484 mm^2
4As 4As
N25 = N25 =
πd^2 πd^2
 4( 5863.68 ) 4( 2484 )
N25 = N25 =
π ( 25 ^2) π ( 25 ^2)
N25 = 12 bars N25 = 6 bars
 b-2(Cc)
S =
N-1 USE : 6 - 25 mm ϕ bar
2400 - 2 ( 75)
S =
(12 -1) DEVELOPMENT OF LENGTH
S = 200 mm
Ld / db = (9 fy α β ϒ λ)/(10√f'c (c+ ktr/ db))
Ld 9(275(1.3)(1)(1)(1)
=
12 - 25 mm ϕ bar 25 10√21 ( 75/25)
USE :
spaced at 200 mm O.C Ld = 586 mm

solving for MuL1 : by SPP solving for MuL2 : by SPP

0.25^2 MuL1 1.46^2 430.936
= =
o.5^2 50.556 1.21^2 397.08+MuL2
MuL1 = 12.639 kN.m MuL2 = -101.09 kN.m

solving for MuR1 : by SPP solving for MuR1 : by SPP

1.54^2 479,72 0.572^2 65.94
= =
1.29^2 397.08+MuR1 0.322^2 397.08+MuR2
MuR1 = -101.09 kN.m MuR2 = 20.90 kN.m

since : Mu < 397 . 080 kN.m

12 - 25 mm ϕ bar
USE :
spaced at 200 mm O.C

Parallel to Width

@ Left Side :

W1 = 2 (0.75d) + c B- c 2.4 - 0.5

y = =
W1 = 2 ( 0.75x0. 48) + 0.5 2 2
W1 = 1.22 m y = 0.95 m

Pu1
qu1 =
B(W1 ) Mu1 = qu1 (W1) (y)(y/2)
792.545 Mu1 = 270.678(1.22)(0.95)(0.95/2)
qu1 =
2.4 (1.22) Mu1 = 149. 02 kN.m
qu1 = 270. 678 kpa

Mu 149. 02 x10^6
Rn = = = 0.589
ϕW1d^2 0.9 ( 1220 ) ( 480 )^2
fy 275
M = = = 15.406
0.85f'c 0.85 (21 )
1 √1-2MRn/fy
ρ = [1- ] = 0.00218
M
1.4
ρmin = = 0.00509 > ρ use ρmin
fy
 AS = ρminbd
AS = 2980.704 mm^2 W1-2(Cc)
S =
N-1
4As 1220 - 2 ( 75)
N25 = S =
πd^2 (7 -1)
4( 2980.704)
N25 = S = 170 mm
π ( 25 ^2)
N25 = 7 bars

7 - 25 mm ϕ bar
USE :
spaced at 170 mm O.C

@ Right Side :

W1 = 2 (0.75d) + c B- c 2.4 - 0.5

y = =
W1 = 2 ( 0.75x0. 48) + 0.5 2 2
W1 = 1.22 m y = 0.95 m

Pu2
qu2 =
B(W2 ) Mu2 = qu2 (W2) (y)(y/2)
854.356 Mu2 = 291.788(1.22)(0.95)(0.95/2)
qu2 =
2.4 (1.22) Mu2 = 160.637 kN.m
qu2 = 291.788 kpa

Mu 160.637 x10^6
Rn = = = 0.635
ϕW1d^2 0.9 ( 1220 ) ( 480 )^2
fy 275
M = = = 15.406
0.85f'c 0.85 (21 )
1
ρ = [1- √1-2MRn/fy ] = 0.00235
M
1.4
ρmin = = 0.00509 > ρ use ρmin
fy

AS = ρminbd
AS = 2980.704 mm^2 W2-2(Cc)
S =
N-1
4As 1220 - 2 ( 75)
N25 = S =
πd^2 (7 -1)
4( 2980.704)
N25 = S = 170 mm
π ( 25 ^2)
N25 = 7 bars

7 - 25 mm ϕ bar
USE :
spaced at 170 mm O.C
FOOTING

mm
mm

( 0.8 )

6.7)-(16.7)+854.36(3.8)
 1877
7.679
kN/m

623.013
x2
1.86 m

18.94 m

kN
kN
kN (max)
kN

kN.m
kN.m
kN.m
kN.m
kN.m

d + 0.5/2 ) =

1 ) (8.6) (d) (10^3)

0.31 m
qun ( c1 + d ) ( c2 + d )

1) (λ) (√fc')4(0.5+d) (d)

+ d )( d )(10^3)

use!!!
ϒ λ)/(10√f'c (c+ ktr/ db))
5(1.3)(1)(1)(1)
√21 ( 75/25)

430.936
397.08+MuL2
-101.09 kN.m

65.94
397.08+MuR2
20.90 kN.m
(0.95)(0.95/2)
 ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF COMBINED RECTANGULAR FOOTING

DESIGNATION:

STAAD GENERATED: PROPERTIES:

MAX SERVICE LOADS qa = 96 Kpa
P1 = 1500.41 kN fc' = 21 Mpa
P2 = 1409.104 kN fy = 275 Mpa
M1 = 9.048 kNm ϒcon = 23.54 kN/mᶟ
M2 = 10.931 kNm ϒsoil = 18 kN/mᶟ

ULTIMATE LOADS C1 = 500 mm x 600

Pu1 = 1987.059 kN C2 = 500 mm x 600
Pu2 = 1877.002 kN
Mu1 = 14.13 kNm t = 0.8 m
Mu2 = 16.428 kNm Df = 2 m
S = 3.8 m
a = 1.2 m
FIGURE:

SOLVE FOR B&L:

Aftg = ΣP / qeff qeff = qa - ϒsoil ( Df - t) - ϒcon (t)

Aftg = 52.36 m^2 qeff = 96 - 18.0 ( 1.2 ) - 23.5 ( )
qeff = 55.57 kPa

where L/2 = a + x
for x : ΣM @ P1

ΣP (x) = P1(0) + M1-M2+P2(S)

= 1500 0 + 9.048 - 11 3.8 x = 792.55(0)+(-16.7)-(16.7)+854.36(3.8)
1500 + 1409 792.55+854.36
x = 1.8397273

L = 2 ( a+x ) B = Aftg / L b=L-S-a

L = 2 ( 1.6+1.84) B = 52.36 / 6.079455 b = 4.072 - 3 - 0.5
L = 6.0794545 m B = 8.6125 m b = 1.08
SHEAR & MOMENT DIAGRAM

ΣP 1987.059 +
qu = =
L 6.079
qu = 635.59

623.013+590.323 623.013
3 = x2
x2 = 1.86

x1 = S - x2 = 3 -1.54 = 18.94

Summary of Shear :
V1 = 760.144
V2 = -1226.916
V3 = 1180.205
V4 = 696.8

Summary of Moment :
M1 = 470.22
M2 = 470.22
M3 = -719.89
M4 = 361.28
M5 = 361.28

D E S I G N O F S H E A R:

a. ONE - WAY SHEAR

VU = ϕVc

VU = Vmax - qu ( d + c/2 ) 1180.205 - 633.45 ( d + 0.5/2 )

VU = 1180.205 - 633.45 ( d + 0.5/2 ) 0.75 ( 0.11 ) (1) ( √21 ) (8.6) (d) (10^3)
 d = 0.31
ϕVc = ø (0.11) (λ) (√fc') (bd)

ϕVc = 0.75 ( 0.11 ) (1) ( √21 ) (8.6) (d) (10^3)

b. PUNCHING SHEAR

Pu
VU = ϕVc

VU = Pun -qun ( c1 + d ) ( c2 + d )

ϕVc = ø (0.11) (λ) (√fc')4(0.5+d) (d)

qun = ΣPu/Aftg

= 168. 52 Kpa

at left : at right:

792. 545 - 168. 52 ( 0.5 + d )^2 = 854. 356 - 168. 52 ( 0.5 + d )^2 =
0.75 ( 0.11 ) ( √21 )( 4 ) ( 0.5 + d )( d )(10^3) 0.75 ( 0.11 ) ( √21 )( 4 ) ( 0.5 + d )( d )(10^3)

d = 0.45 m d = 0.48 m

for thickness :
t = d+c

t = 480 + 95 = 575 mm

D E S I G N O F R E I N F O R C E M E N T S:

Parallel to Length

Mu = 397 . 080 kN.m

Mu 397 . 080 x10^6
Rn = = = 0.798
ϕbd^2 0.9 ( 2400 ) ( 480 )^2
fy 275
M = = 15.406
0.85f'c 0.85 (21 )
1
ρ = [1- √1-2MRn/fy ] = 0.00297
M
1.4
ρmin = = 0.00509 > ρ
fy
use ρmin

USING 25 mm RSB
for top bars : for temperature bars :
AS = ρminbd Ast = 0.0018bt
AS = 5863.68 mm^2 Ast = 2484 mm^2
4As 4As
N25 = N25 =
πd^2 πd^2
 4( 5863.68 ) 4( 2484 )
N25 = N25 =
π ( 25 ^2) π ( 25 ^2)
N25 = 12 bars N25 = 6 bars
 b-2(Cc)
S =
N-1 USE : 6 - 25 mm ϕ bar
2400 - 2 ( 75)
S =
(12 -1) DEVELOPMENT OF LENGTH
S = 200 mm
Ld / db = (9 fy α β ϒ λ)/(10√f'c (c+ ktr/ db))
Ld 9(275(1.3)(1)(1)(1)
=
12 - 25 mm ϕ bar 25 10√21 ( 75/25)
USE :
spaced at 200 mm O.C Ld = 586 mm

solving for MuL1 : by SPP solving for MuL2 : by SPP

0.25^2 MuL1 1.46^2 430.936
= =
o.5^2 50.556 1.21^2 397.08+MuL2
MuL1 = 12.639 kN.m MuL2 = -101.09 kN.m

solving for MuR1 : by SPP solving for MuR1 : by SPP

1.54^2 479,72 0.572^2 65.94
= =
1.29^2 397.08+MuR1 0.322^2 397.08+MuR2
MuR1 = -101.09 kN.m MuR2 = 20.90 kN.m

since : Mu < 397 . 080 kN.m

12 - 25 mm ϕ bar
USE :
spaced at 200 mm O.C

Parallel to Width

@ Left Side :

W1 = 2 (0.75d) + c B- c 2.4 - 0.5

y = =
W1 = 2 ( 0.75x0. 48) + 0.5 2 2
W1 = 1.22 m y = 0.95 m

Pu1
qu1 =
B(W1 ) Mu1 = qu1 (W1) (y)(y/2)
792.545 Mu1 = 270.678(1.22)(0.95)(0.95/2)
qu1 =
2.4 (1.22) Mu1 = 149. 02 kN.m
qu1 = 270. 678 kpa

Mu 149. 02 x10^6
Rn = = = 0.589
ϕW1d^2 0.9 ( 1220 ) ( 480 )^2
fy 275
M = = = 15.406
0.85f'c 0.85 (21 )
1
ρ = [1- √1-2MRn/fy ] = 0.00218
M
1.4
ρmin = = 0.00509 > ρ use ρmin
fy
 AS = ρminbd
AS = 2980.704 mm^2 W1-2(Cc)
S =
N-1
4As 1220 - 2 ( 75)
N25 = S =
πd^2 (7 -1)
4( 2980.704)
N25 = S = 170 mm
π ( 25 ^2)
N25 = 7 bars

7 - 25 mm ϕ bar
USE :
spaced at 170 mm O.C

@ Right Side :

W1 = 2 (0.75d) + c B- c 2.4 - 0.5

y = =
W1 = 2 ( 0.75x0. 48) + 0.5 2 2
W1 = 1.22 m y = 0.95 m

Pu2
qu2 =
B(W2 ) Mu2 = qu2 (W2) (y)(y/2)
854.356 Mu2 = 291.788(1.22)(0.95)(0.95/2)
qu2 =
2.4 (1.22) Mu2 = 160.637 kN.m
qu2 = 291.788 kpa

Mu 160.637 x10^6
Rn = = = 0.635
ϕW1d^2 0.9 ( 1220 ) ( 480 )^2
fy 275
M = = = 15.406
0.85f'c 0.85 (21 )
1
ρ = [1- √1-2MRn/fy ] = 0.00235
M
1.4
ρmin = = 0.00509 > ρ use ρmin
fy

AS = ρminbd
AS = 2980.704 mm^2 W2-2(Cc)
S =
N-1
4As 1220 - 2 ( 75)
N25 = S =
πd^2 (7 -1)
4( 2980.704)
N25 = S = 170 mm
π ( 25 ^2)
N25 = 7 bars

7 - 25 mm ϕ bar
USE :
spaced at 170 mm O.C
FOOTING

mm
mm

( 0.8 )

6.7)-(16.7)+854.36(3.8)
 1877
6.079
kN/m

623.013
x2
1.86 m

18.94 m

kN
kN
kN (max)
kN

kN.m
kN.m
kN.m
kN.m
kN.m

d + 0.5/2 ) =

1 ) (8.6) (d) (10^3)

0.31 m
qun ( c1 + d ) ( c2 + d )

1) (λ) (√fc')4(0.5+d) (d)

+ d )( d )(10^3)

use!!!
ϒ λ)/(10√f'c (c+ ktr/ db))
5(1.3)(1)(1)(1)
√21 ( 75/25)

430.936
397.08+MuL2
-101.09 kN.m

65.94
397.08+MuR2
20.90 kN.m
(0.95)(0.95/2)
 ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF COMBINED RECTANGULAR FOOTING

Node : 52 & 53

GIVEN:
qu = 623. 67 Kpa
qa = 207.89 Kpa FIGURE:
fc' = 21 Mpa
fy = 275 Mpa
Df = 2 m
S = 3 m
a = 0.5 m
C1 = 0.5 m
C2 = 0.5 m
ϒcon = 23.54 kN/mᶟ
ϒsoil = 19 kN/mᶟ
P1 = 792.545 kN
P2 = 854.356 kN
M1 = -16.7 kN.m
M2 = 16.7 kN.m

SOLVE FOR B&L:

Aftg = ΣP / qeff qeff = qa - ϒsoil ( Df - t) - ϒcon (t)

Aftg = 9.7722693 m^2 qeff = 207.89 - 19 (2-0.3) - 23.54 (0.3)
qeff = 169

where L/2 = a + x
for x : ΣM @ P1

ΣP (x) = P1(0) + M1-M2+P2(S)

x = 792.55(0)+(-16.7)-(16.7)+854.36(3)
792.55+854.36
x= 1.536017

L = 2 ( a+x ) B = Aftg / L b=L-S-a

L = 2 ( 0.5+1.536) B = 9.772 / 4.072 b = 4.072 - 3 - 0.5
L = 4.0720341 m B = 2.3998 m b = 0.57203
SHEAR & MOMENT DIAGRAM

ΣP 792.545 + 854.356
qu = =
L 4.072
qu = 404.4418507 kN/m

623.013+590.323 623.013
3 = x2
x2 = 1.54 m

x1 = S - x2 = 3 -1.54 = 1.48 m

Summary of Shear :
V1 = 202.223 kN
V2 = -590.323 kN
V3 = 623.013 kN (max)
V4 = -231.344 kN

Summary of Moment :
M1 = 50.556 kN.m
M2 = 33.856 kN.m
M3 = -397.08 kN.m
M4 = 82.64 kN.m
M5 = 65.94 kN.m

D E S I G N O F S H E A R:

a. ONE - WAY SHEAR

VU = ϕVc

VU = Vmax - qu ( d + c/2 ) 623.013 - 623.67 ( d + 0.5/2 ) =

VU = 623.013 - 623.67 ( d + 0.5/2 ) 0.75 ( 0.11 ) (1) ( √21 ) (2.4) (d) (10^3)
 d = 0.31 m
ϕVc = ø (0.11) (λ) (√fc') (bd)

ϕVc = 0.75 ( 0.11 ) (1) ( √21 ) (2.4) (d) (10^3)

b. PUNCHING SHEAR

Pu
VU = ϕVc

VU = Pun -qun ( c1 + d ) ( c2 + d )

ϕVc = ø (0.11) (λ) (√fc')4(0.5+d) (d)

qun = ΣPu/Aftg

= 168. 52 Kpa

at left : at right:

792. 545 - 168. 52 ( 0.5 + d )^2 = 854. 356 - 168. 52 ( 0.5 + d )^2 =
0.75 ( 0.11 ) ( √21 )( 4 ) ( 0.5 + d )( d )(10^3) 0.75 ( 0.11 ) ( √21 )( 4 ) ( 0.5 + d )( d )(10^3)

d = 0.45 m d = 0.48 m use!!!

for thickness :
t = d+c

t = 480 + 95 = 575 mm

D E S I G N O F R E I N F O R C E M E N T S:

Parallel to Length

Mu = 397 . 080 kN.m

Mu 397 . 080 x10^6
Rn = = = 0.798
ϕbd^2 0.9 ( 2400 ) ( 480 )^2
fy 275
M = = 15.406
0.85f'c 0.85 (21 )
1
ρ = [1- √1-2MRn/fy ] = 0.00297
M
1.4
ρmin = = 0.00509 > ρ
fy
use ρmin

USING 25 mm RSB
for top bars : for temperature bars :
AS = ρminbd Ast = 0.0018bt
AS = 5863.68 mm^2 Ast = 2484 mm^2
4As 4As
N25 = N25 =
πd^2 πd^2
 4( 5863.68 ) 4( 2484 )
N25 = N25 =
π ( 25 ^2) π ( 25 ^2)
N25 = 12 bars N25 = 6 bars
 b-2(Cc)
S =
N-1 USE : 6 - 25 mm ϕ bar
2400 - 2 ( 75)
S =
(12 -1) DEVELOPMENT OF LENGTH
S = 200 mm
Ld / db = (9 fy α β ϒ λ)/(10√f'c (c+ ktr/ db))
Ld 9(275(1.3)(1)(1)(1)
=
12 - 25 mm ϕ bar 25 10√21 ( 75/25)
USE :
spaced at 200 mm O.C Ld = 586 mm

solving for MuL1 : by SPP solving for MuL2 : by SPP

0.25^2 MuL1 1.46^2 430.936
= =
o.5^2 50.556 1.21^2 397.08+MuL2
MuL1 = 12.639 kN.m MuL2 = -101.09 kN.m

solving for MuR1 : by SPP solving for MuR1 : by SPP

1.54^2 479,72 0.572^2 65.94
= =
1.29^2 397.08+MuR1 0.322^2 397.08+MuR2
MuR1 = -101.09 kN.m MuR2 = 20.90 kN.m

since : Mu < 397 . 080 kN.m

12 - 25 mm ϕ bar
USE :
spaced at 200 mm O.C

Parallel to Width

@ Left Side :

W1 = 2 (0.75d) + c B- c 2.4 - 0.5

y = =
W1 = 2 ( 0.75x0. 48) + 0.5 2 2
W1 = 1.22 m y = 0.95 m

Pu1
qu1 =
B(W1 ) Mu1 = qu1 (W1) (y)(y/2)
792.545 Mu1 = 270.678(1.22)(0.95)(0.95/2)
qu1 =
2.4 (1.22) Mu1 = 149. 02 kN.m
qu1 = 270. 678 kpa

Mu 149. 02 x10^6
Rn = = = 0.589
ϕW1d^2 0.9 ( 1220 ) ( 480 )^2
fy 275
M = = = 15.406
0.85f'c 0.85 (21 )
1
ρ = [1- √1-2MRn/fy ] = 0.00218
M
1.4
ρmin = = 0.00509 > ρ use ρmin
fy
 AS = ρminbd
AS = 2980.704 mm^2 W1-2(Cc)
S =
N-1
4As 1220 - 2 ( 75)
N25 = S =
πd^2 (7 -1)
4( 2980.704)
N25 = S = 170 mm
π ( 25 ^2)
N25 = 7 bars

7 - 25 mm ϕ bar
USE :
spaced at 170 mm O.C

@ Right Side :

W1 = 2 (0.75d) + c B- c 2.4 - 0.5

y = =
W1 = 2 ( 0.75x0. 48) + 0.5 2 2
W1 = 1.22 m y = 0.95 m

Pu2
qu2 =
B(W2 ) Mu2 = qu2 (W2) (y)(y/2)
854.356 Mu2 = 291.788(1.22)(0.95)(0.95/2)
qu2 =
2.4 (1.22) Mu2 = 160.637 kN.m
qu2 = 291.788 kpa

Mu 160.637 x10^6
Rn = = = 0.635
ϕW1d^2 0.9 ( 1220 ) ( 480 )^2
fy 275
M = = = 15.406
0.85f'c 0.85 (21 )
1
ρ = [1- √1-2MRn/fy ] = 0.00235
M
1.4
ρmin = = 0.00509 > ρ use ρmin
fy

AS = ρminbd
AS = 2980.704 mm^2 W2-2(Cc)
S =
N-1
4As 1220 - 2 ( 75)
N25 = S =
πd^2 (7 -1)
4( 2980.704)
N25 = S = 170 mm
π ( 25 ^2)
N25 = 7 bars

7 - 25 mm ϕ bar
USE :
spaced at 170 mm O.C
OTING
 (max)

2.4) (d) (10^3)

+ d ) ( c2 + d )

√fc')4(0.5+d) (d)

+ d )( d )(10^3)

use!!!
10√f'c (c+ ktr/ db))
(1)(1)(1)
75/25)