Complex Numbers

Lecture - 12

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Sameer Chincholikar
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Discussion
Example If area of a triangle with vertices Z, 𝟂Z and Z + 𝟂Z is equal to 8√3.
Then find the value of |Z|. (where 𝟂 is a cube root of unity)
nthRoots
of Unity
 nth Roots of Unity
Z = (1)1/n
 Properties of nth Roots of Unity
If 1 𝛂1, 𝛂2, 𝛂3 …….. 𝛂n-1 are the n, nth root of unity then:

1. Roots are in G.P.

They are in G.P. with common ratio ei(2π/n).

 Properties of nth Roots of Unity
If 1 𝛂1, 𝛂2, 𝛂3 …….. 𝛂n-1 are the n, nth root of unity then:

2. Sum of roots is zero

= 0 if p is not an integral multiple of n

= n if p is an integral multiple of n
NOTE: Sum of conjugate of roots is also zero.
 Properties of nth Roots of Unity
If 1 𝛂1, 𝛂2, 𝛂3 …….. 𝛂n-1 are the n, nth root of unity then:

3. Product of roots:

1. 𝛂1, 𝛂2, 𝛂3 …….. 𝛂n-1 = 1 or -1 according as n is odd or even.

 Properties of nth Roots of Unity
If 1 𝛂1, 𝛂2, 𝛂3 …….. 𝛂n-1 are the n, nth root of unity then:

4. Plot on Argand Plane:

Imaginary axis

𝛂3 𝛂2

𝛂
2π/n 1 Real
(1, 0) axis
NOTE: In above plot, Roots equidistant from 1, are conjugates of each other.
 Properties of nth Roots of Unity
If 1 𝛂1, 𝛂2, 𝛂3 …….. 𝛂n-1 are the n, nth root of unity then:

5. Factorization:
Example The value of

A. -1 B. 0 C. -i D. i
Example

A. B. C. D.
Example Let z1 and z2 be nth roots of unity which subtend a right angle at the
origin. Then n must be of the form
A. 4k + 1 B. 4k + 2 C. 4k + 3 D. 4k
 Log of
Complex
Numbers
Log of Complex Numbers
Example Evaluate: log(-1)
Example Evaluate: log(1 + √3i)
Example Evaluate: ii
Step 6 Step 7

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