Sample Question Paper 11 179

11

Physics
Class 12th
1. (a) Given, P1 = 5D, P2 = − 3 D 6. (a) According to Faraday’s discovery on
∴ P = P1 + P2 = 5 + (−3) = 2 D electromagnetic induction, the changing magnetic flux
1 1 generates emf or potential difference which produces
∴ P= ⇒ 2= electric field. Electric field thus exerts force on change.
f f
1 100 Therefore, a changing magnetic field can exert a force
⇒ f = m= cm = 50 cm on the stationary charge. (1)
2 2
Or
2. (b) Net force on a current-carrying loop in a uniform
magnetic field is zero. 7. (d) When the two coils are joined in series such that,
Hence, the loop cannot translate. So, options (a), (c) the winding of one is opposite to the other, then the emf
and (d) are wrong. produced in first coil is 180° out of phase of the emf
From Fleming’s left hand rule, we can see that if produced in second coil. Thus, the net inductance will
magnetic field is perpendicular to paper inwards and be zero. (1)
current in the loop is clockwise (as shown), the 8. (a) Stopping potential is more negative for higher
magnetic force Fm on each element of the loop is frequency of incident radiation and vice-versa. Thus,
radially outwards or the loops will have a tendency to from graph
expand. V0 A > V0B > V0C
Y
I Fm B ⇒ f A > fB > fC (1)
9. (a) Magnetic moment of current carrying loop is given
X by
M = NIA
= NIπr 2
(1) ⇒ M depends on i (current), N (number of turns) and
v 1 u
3. (c) = ⇒ v= A (Area of loop)
u 4 4
⇒ M is independent of magnetic field.
Using lens formula we get, u = − 5(4 − 1) = −15
10. (b) The impact parameter is the perpendicular distance
4. (b) Work done in rotating a magnet (from angle 0 to of the initial velocity vector of the α-particle from the
120°) is given by centre line of the nucleus of atom, when the α-particle
120°
W=∫ τ dθ is far away from nucleus. (1)
0
120° °
11. zero.
= MB∫ sin θd θ = MB(− cos θ )120
0 0
12. Since, displacement current = conduction current
= MB(− cos 120 ° + cos 0 ° ) Therefore, Id =
V
=
220
= 2.2 A
1 3 Xc 100
⇒ MB (1 + ) = MB
2 2 Or
(1)
5. (d) Electromotive force, E = V + ir = i (R + r ). [QV = iR] Intensity or power per unit area of the radiations
When cell is short circuited, then resistance becomes I = PC
zero, i.e. R = 0. So, electromotive force, E = ir I 0.5
⇒ P= =
Internal resistance of cell C 3 × 10 8

r=
E 2.4
= = 0 .6 Ω = 0.166 × 10 −8 Nm −2
i 4 (1)
13. increases
180 Succeed Physics Class XII
14. Given, 84Po 218 5 πr 4 
= ρ 0  πr 3 − 
3 R  (1)
here, 2 = 84, A = 218, A = 2 + N
N = A − Z = 218 − 84 = 134 Now, electric field intensity at a point on this spherical
15. mobility surface is
1 q
16. In given circuit diagram, diode is forward biased due to E= ⋅
4πε 0 r 2
15 V battery.
1  5 3 πr 4 
Because p-side of diode is at higher potential (i.e. + 15 = × ρ 0  πr − 
4πε 0r 2 3 R 
V), then n-side of diode (i.e. + 3 V). (1)
ρ 0r 5 − r
Or =  
4ε 0  3 R (1)
Circuit diagram is as shown below,
N0
Transformer A D X
22. Given, N = at t = T
n
where, N0 = number of nuclei of a radioactive sample
at t = 0.
RL
According to law of radioactive decay,
N = N0 e − λt
Primary N0
Y
B
Secondary
∴ = N0 e −λT
(1) n

17. Given, r =
12.4 −15
= 6.2 fermi = 6.2 × 10 m and Z = 47 ⇒ n = e λT
2 log (n )
∴Charge of the nucleus, q = Ze = 47 × 1.6 × 10 −19 C ⇒ λ=
T
[Qe = 1.6 × 10 −19C] 0.6931 0.693 T
Therefore, half-life, T1/ 2 = =
∴Electrostatic potential at the surface, λ log(n ) (2)
q 9 × 10 9 × 47 × 1.6 × 10 −19 23. (i) We know that, E2 / E′ = l / l′
V= = = 1.09 × 107 V
4πε 0r 6.2 × 10 −15 (1) Here, E2 = 1.5 V, l = 60 cm, l′ = 100 cm
18. The induced emf will be same in both as the rate of ∴ Potential difference,
change of flux will be the same in both, but the induced l′
E′ = E2 ×
current will be greater in silver loop because, its l
resistance is smaller than that of copper loop. (1) 100 150
= 1.5 V × = V = 2. 5 V
h 1 60 60
19. As, λ = h / 2 mqV . ⇒ λ = ⋅ The potential difference between the ends A and B
2 mq V
of the potentiometer is 2.5 V. (1)
The slope of λ versus 1/ V graph will be inversely
(ii) No, circuit will not work, if driver cell is replaced by
proportional to the square root of mass of the particles.
a cell of emf 1 V, as balance point will not be
Now, slope of B is greater. obtained in that case for a cell of emf 1.5 V. The
Thus, line B represents smaller mass. (1) potentiometer works only when the emf of driver
−2 cell is greater than the emf of primary cell. (1)
20. Here, N = 30, R = 8 cm = 8 × 10 m,
I = 6 A, θ = 60 ° and B = 1 T Or
The magnitude of the counter torque Given, power, P = 100 W and voltage, V = 200 V
= magnitude of the deflecting torque
V 2 (200 )2
= NAIB sin θ = N ⋅ (πR 2 ) IB sin θ ∴ Resistance of heater coil, R0 = = = 400 Ω
P 100
. × (8 × 10 −2 )2 × 6 × 1× sin 60 °
= 30 × 314
On cutting it into two identical parts, resistance of each
= 313
. N -m (1) R 400
part R= 0 = = 200 Ω
21. Net charge distribution, 2 2 (1)
q = ∫ ρ dV = ∫ ρ 0  −  4πx 2 dx
r 5 x
On joining these two parts in parallel, the equivalent
0  4 R
r
resistance is
5 x 3 4πx 4  200 × 200
= ρ 0  4π −  R′ = = 100 Ω
4 3 4R 
0 200 + 200
As again voltage, V = 200 V
 ∴ Energy liberated per second in new combination 26. For telescope
V2
200 × 200 Focal length of objective lens, fo = 150 cm
= = = 400 W
R′ 100 (1) Focal length of eye lens, fe = 5 cm
24. Semiconductors in which some impurity atoms are When final image forms at D = 25 cm
embedded are known as extrinsic or impure Magnification, M = − 36
semiconductors. The conductivity of intrinsic Let height of final image be h cm.
semiconductors is very low at room temperature. But, it h
⇒ tanβ =
can be significantly increased, if some pentavalent or 25
trivalent impurity is mixed with it. (1) β = visual angle formed by final image at eye.
There are two types of dopants (impurity) used in α = visual angle subtended by object at objective.
doping. 100 m 1
tanα = =
(i) Trivalent (valency 3) atoms called acceptor 3000 m 30 (1)
impurities, e.g. Indium (In), boron (B), aluminium tan β
(Al), etc. But, M=
tan α
(ii) Pentavalent (valency 5) atoms called donor
 h
impurities, e.g. Arsenic (As), antimony (Sb),  
 25 h
phosphorous (P), etc. (1) −36 = = × 30
 1 25
25. Electric field intensity and electric potential are related  
 30 
as
− dV 6h
E= = Negative slope of V-x graph. −36 =
dx (1) 5
Here, when 0 < x < 1, slope is positive and constant −36 × 5
h= = − 30 cm
dV 6
Then, >0
dx Negative sign indicates inverted image. (1)
∴ Electric field intensity is constant = − E 27. (i) (a) Infrared rays (1/2)
For 1 < x < 2 (b) Microwaves (1/2)
Slope = 0 ⇒ E = 0 (ii) (a) Wavelength 250 nm corresponds to the
For 2 < x < 3 , dV / dx < 0 and constant ultraviolet region of electromagnetic spectrum.
(1/2)
∴ Electric field is positive and constant = + E (b) Wavelength 1500 nm corresponds to the infrared
region of electromagnetic spectrum. (1/2)
+E 28. (i) Mass defect (∆ M) of any nucleus (ZA X ) is the
1 2 3 difference between the actual mass of nucleus (M)
x and the sum of the masses of its constituent
nucleons.
–E
(1) ∆M = [ZMp + (A − Z)Mn ] − M
Or where, Mp = mass of proton
The slope of q versus V graph will give capacitance, also and Mn = mass of the neutron (1)
we know that, C = ε 0 A / d (ii) Binding energy is the energy required to separate a
(where, ε 0 is permittivity of free space, A is area of plate nucleus into its constituent nucleons.
of capacitor and d is distance between plates of BE = (∆M ) c 2
capacitor) where, c = speed of light. (1)
ε A q (iii) The intense neutrons and gamma radiations
∴ C= 0 =
d V (1) produced in nuclear reactor are harmful for human
Q d is a constant. body. To protect the workers from these radiations,
∴ C∝A the reactor core is surrounded by a thick concrete
wall, which acts as a shielding material. (1)
⇒ Slope of graph ∝ A (area of plate)
⇒ Higher the area of plates of capacitor
29. (i) In the one revolution
change of area or area swept, dA = πl 2
= Higher the slope of graph.
So, graph A represents C2 and graph B represents C 1.(1) ∴Change of magnetic flux
dφ = B ⋅ dA = BdAcos 0 ° = Bπl 2
 If period of revolution is T Larger the aperture of objective lens, higher will be
dφ Bπl 2 the resolving power of telescope. Also, larger will
(a) Induced emf (e ) = = = Bπl 2ν be the gathering of light to form image and hence
T T (1)
brighter will be the image obtained. (1½)
(b) Induced current in the rod,
31. Given, λ = 4000 × 10 −10m = 4 × 10 −7 m
e πνBl 2
I = = ν 0 = 5. 5 × 10 14Hz
R R (1)
(ii) Force acting on the rod, Intensity, I = 100 W / m 2.
πνB 2l 3 Suppose, n be the number of photons incident per m 2
F = Il B = per second, then I = nhc / λ
R
Iλ 100 × (4 × 10 −7 )
The external force required to rotate the rod or n= =
opposes the Lorentz force acting on the hc (6. 6 × 10 −34 ) × (3 × 10 8 )
rod/external force acts in the direction opposite to = 2 .02 × 10 20 (1)
the Lorentz force. (1)
Work-function, φ 0 = hν 0 = 6.6 × 10 −34 × 5.5 × 10 14
Or
= 3.63 × 10 −19 J (1)
(i) If a capacitor of capacitance C is connected with
As, maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons is
an AC signal, then reactance of that circuit is purely
hc
capacitive. EK = − φ0
λ
The capacitive reactance is
(6.6 × 10 −34 ) × (3 × 10 8 )
X=
1
=
1
(ω = 2 πf) ⇒ EK = − 3.63 × 10 −19
ωC 2 πfC 4 × 10 −7
1 = 1. 32 × 10 −19 J (1)
or X∝
fC (1/2) 32. Consider a uniformly charged spherical shell of radius R
Considering two different situations of frequency as shown.
and capacitance, we have Gaussian surface

X′ fC f ×C
= = [Qf ′ = 2 f and C′ = 2C]
X f ′ C′ 2 f × 2 C Surface charge
density σ P
X′ 1 X
or = or X′ = R
r
X 4 4 (1)
O
(ii) We define the quality factor of the circuit as follows
Quality factor, Q
total energy stored in the circuit
= 2π ×
loss in energy in each cycle (1/2)
2 Let σ be the uniform surface charge density of the shell.
But the total energy stored in circuit = Lirms
2
To find the electric field at a point P outside the shell we
and the energy loss per second = irms R take the Gaussian surface to be a sphere of radius r and
2 centre O passing through P. (1/2)
irms R
So, loss in energy per cycle =
f The electric field at each point of the Gaussian surface
Li 2 has the same magnitude E and is along the radius
Hence, quality factor, Q = 2 π × 2 rms vector at each point.
irms R/ f
If we consider a small elemental surface dS at P, the flux
2 π f L ωL
= = through ds is dφ = E ⋅ ds = Eds cos 0 ° = Eds
R R (1)
∴The total flux through the Gaussian surface is E × 4πr 2
30. (i) Out of these three lenses, Rohit suggested to use a (1/2)
lens of power 0.5D for objective and lens of power The charge enclosed is σ × 4πR 2.
10D as the eyepiece. Since, power of lens is According to Gauss theorem, the electric flux through a
inversely proportional to its focal length. (1½) q
closed surface S ,φ E =
(ii) As resolving power of telescope, RP =
A ε0
. λ
122 where, q is the total charge enclosed by S and ε 0 is the
Q A2 > A1 permeability in free space. (1/2)
∴ R2 > R1 Substituting the values, we get
 σ × 4πR 2 Here , ∠DQR = (i − r 1)
E × 4πr 2 =
ε0 ∠DRQ = (e − r2 ) (1)
σR 2
q For ∆DQR, δ is exterior angle
i.e. E= =
ε 0r 2 4πε 0r 2 ∴ δ = (i − r 1) + (e − r2 )
(1/2)
or δ = (i + e ) − (r 1 + r2 ) …(i)
where, q = 4πR 2σ is the total charge on the spherical
In cyclic quadrilateral AQER,
shell. ∴ ∠A + ∠E = 180 ° …(ii) (1)
q
But is the electric field produced by a charge q In triangle QER,
4πε 0r 2 r 1 + r 2 + ∠E = 180 ° …(iii)
placed at the centre O. From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get
Hence, for points outside the shell, the field due to a ∠A = r 1 + r 2 …(iv)
uniformly charged shell is as if the entire charge of the Substituting value in Eq. (i), we get
shell is concentrated at its centre. (1) δ = (i + e ) − ∠ A …(v)
33. The input waveform is of digital nature, which means, it For minimum angle of deviation (δ m),
is either − 5 V or + 5 V. i.e. δ = δ m and i = e , r1 = r2 = r [say]
When the input is −5 V, the diode gets reverse biased From Eq. (iv), we get
and so, no output is obtained across R, i.e. Vout = 0 ∠A A
∠A = r + r or r = = …(vi)
When the input becomes + 5 V, the diode gets forward 2 2
biased and a current flows through resistor R. As diode From Eq. (v), we get,
is ideal, there is no potential difference across the δm = i + i − ∠ A
diode and the output across R will be exactly 5 V. Thus, ∠A + δ m A + δ m
the output will be either 0 or + 5 V. The output waveform or i= = …(vii)
2 2 (1)
is shown in the figure below. If µ is refractive index of the material of the prism, then
sin i
+5 V according to the Snell’s law, µ =
sin r
O Substituting the values of i and r, we get
t
A + δm
sin 
(3)

34. (i) The deflection in galvanometer is one sided and  2 
∴ µ=
A
sin  
the deflection decreased, while moving from one
end A of the wire to the end B, its implies that  2 (1)
current in auxiliary circuit (lower circuit containing
primary cell) decreases, while potential difference Or
across A and jockey increases. (i) As, the number of point sources increases, their
This is possible only when positive terminal of the contribution towards intensity also increases.
cell E1 is connected at X and E1 > E. (2) Intensity varies as square of the slit width.
(ii) The resistance of thick metallic strips is extremely Thus, when the width of the slit is made double the
small and hence negligible. (1) original width, intensity will get four times of its
original value.
35. Consider a prism ABC of refractive index, µ. A light ray
Width of central maximum is given by
PQ is incident on face AB at an angle of incidence, i
β = 2 D λ /d
and refracted at an angle, r 1. It strikes on face AC at an
angle, r2 and emerges at angle, e. The angle of where, D = distance between screen and slit
deviation is δ. λ = wavelength of the light
(1) d = size of slit. (1)
A

(i – r1) D (e – r2)
δ
Q R
i e
r1 r2 θ β0
Central
d
θ maximum
P S
E

B C
D Screen
 So, with the increase in size of slit, the width of (a) I. Given, m = 1.5 J/T,
central maxima decreases. Hence, double the size B = 0.22 T , θ 1 = 0 ° and
of the slit would results as half the width of the θ 2 = 90 °
central maxima. (1)
(ii) (a) Interference is the result of interaction of light
∴ W = 15
. × 0.22 (cos 0° − cos 90°)
coming from two different wavefronts
originating from two coherent sources, = 0.33 J
whereas diffraction pattern is the result of II.Q θ 2 = 180 °
interaction of light coming from different parts ∴ W = 1.5 × 0.22 × (cos 0 °− cos 180 ° )
of the same wavefront. (1)
= 0.66 J
(b) In interference all the fringes are of the same
(b) Torque on magnet, τ = mBsin θ
width, while in diffraction, the fringes are of
varying widths. The central maxima is twice I. θ = 90 °
the width of secondary maxima. (1) τ = 1.5 × 0.22 × sin 90 °
(c) In interference,the bright fringes are of the = 15
. × 0.22 × 1 = 0.33 N-m
same intensity, while in diffraction, the bright II.Qθ = 180 °
fringes are of varying intensities. (1)
τ = 15
. × 0.22 × sin 180 °
36. (i) Given, coil area, A = 25 × 10 −4 m 2
= 1.5 × 0.22 × 0 = 0 N-m (2½)
Number of turns, N = 150, B = 0.15 T
(ii) Angle of dip increases from zero at equator to + 90 °
Restoring torque constant, k = 10 −6 N-m/degree
at North pole.
Twist produced, φmax = 30 ° Angle of dip, I = 60 °,
As total restoring torque produced = kθ (1)
In equilibrium position of the coil, HE = 0.4 × 10 −4 T
Deflecting torque = Restoring torque As, HE = BE cos I
kφmax = NImax AB (1/2) and ZE = BE sin I
kφmax 10 −6 × 30 ∴
Z
tan I = E
⇒ Imax = =
NAB 150 × 25 × 10 −4 × 0.15 HE
= 0.053 × 10 −2 Vertical component, ZE = HE tan I
= 5.3 × 10 −4 A (1) = 0.4 × 10 −4 × tan 60 °
(ii) Here, v = 3 × 10 6 m /s , r = 6 × 10 −11 m = 6.9 × 10 −5 T
e = 1.6 × 10 −19 C HE
∴ Resultant, BE =
(a) Time period of revolution of electron is given by cos I
2πr 2 π × 5 × 10 −11 0.4 × 10 −4
T= = = = 0.8 × 10 −4 T
v 3 × 10 6 (1/2) cos 60 ° (2½)
−16
= 1.25 × 10 s 37. (i) From graph,
Equivalent current, I =
Charge e at frequency, f = 100 Hz, reactance X C = 6 Ω
=
Time T Q Capacitive reactance ( X C ) = 1/ 2 πfC
1.6 × 10 −19 1
I= ⇒ C=
1.25 × 10 −16 2πfX C
⇒ I = 1.28 × 10 −3 A (1) 1
=
(b) Field at proton due to orbiting electron is 2 × 314
. × 100 × 6
µ I
B = 0 or B = 0 ⋅
µ 2 πI Capacitance of capacitor, C = 2 .65 × 10 −4 F (1)
2r 4π r (ii) According to the problem, at f = 100 Hz,
10 −7 × 2 π ×1.28 × 10 −3 XL = X C = 6 Ω
B=
6 × 10 −11 But inductive reactance,
= 13.4 T (1) XL = 2πfL
X 6
Or ⇒ L= L =
2πf 2 × 314
. × 100
(i) Work done, W = mB(cos θ 1 − cos θ 2 ) Inductance of inductor, L = 9. 55 × 10 −3 H (1)
∴ τ = m × B = mBsin θ
 (iii) XL = 2πf L ⇒ XL ∝ f Theory and working Let initially the plane of armature
The required graph is as follows: coil be perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field. It
rotates with uniform angular speed ω. After time t, the
24
area vector of coil make an angle θ with the magnetic
Inductive reactance (XL) (Ω)

20
field.
18 θ
16 ∴ ω= ⇒ θ = ωt …(i)
t
12
∴ Magnetic flux linked with coil at that instant
8
6 φ = NBAcosθ
4 where, N = Number of turns of coil
0
or φ = NBA cosωt [from Eq. (i)]…(ii)
100 200 300 400 dφ
Frequency (Hz) (1) ∴ = − NBA ω sin ωt
dt
(iv) According to the problem, at f = 300 Hz − dφ
1 ⇒ = NBA ω sin ωt
For XC ∝ dt
f
By Faraday’s law,
XC 6
⇒ X′C = = =2 Ω  − dφ 
3 3 ∴ Induced emf, e = NBA ω sin ωt Qe = d t 
 
Similarly, XL′ = 3 XL = 3 × 6 = 18 Ω
or e = (NBAω ) sin ωt
Also, resistance, R = 10 Ω
e = e 0 sin ωt (1)
∴Impedance, Z = R 2 + ( XL − XC )2 where, e 0 is maximum induced emf = NBA ω
= (10 )2 + (18 − 2 )2 The variation of emf with time
= 356 = 18. 87 Ω (1)
+e0
(v) For the free oscillations, the angular frequency
should be resonant frequency.
Resonant angular frequency of oscillation of the O T/2 T
circuit, t
– e0
1 1
ωr = =
LC 27 × 10 × 30 × 10 − 6
− 3

10 4 During the first half-cycle, coil rotates in such a way that

= . × 10 3 rad s −1
= 11
9 (1) AB moves upward and CD downward. By Fleming’s right
hand rule, the induced current flows from A to B and C to
Or
D. The current flow through brush B 1 acting as positive
An AC generator is a device which converts mechanical
terminal and brush B2 as negative terminal. During the
energy into electrical energy.
Principle When the magnetic flux linked with a coil next half cycle, when CD moves upward and AB
changes an induced emf and hence an induced current downward induced current flows in opposite direction
is set-up in it. (1) and brush B2 acts as positive terminal and brush B 1 as
Axis of rotation negative. Thus, the direction of current gets reversed
Rectangular armature coil
B ω Pole after every half cycle. Hence, alternating current is
produced in AC generator/dynamo. (1)
S
N Here, number of turns, N = 20 , area, A = 0.09 m 2,
Pole C
magnetic field, B = 0.5 T and frequency,
A
150
f = Hz
π
R1 The maximum emf or peak emf is given by
D
B1
Slip rings Brushes e 0 = NBAω,
R2
where, ω = 2 πf
B2 R ∴ e 0 = NBA (2 πf )
e 0 = 20 × 0.5 × 0.09 × 2 π ×
150 
⇒ 
External load resistance
(1)  π 
= 270 V (1)