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1. Applying the secant method, the first approximation to the root of 2x log10 x 7 0
starting with function values at x0 3.5 & x1 4 is ___________.
2. Which of the following method will give more accurate result in solving initial value
problem?
3. For solving algebraic and transcendental equations which of the following is used
(a) Newton-Raphson (b) Green’s Theorem
(c) Euler’s theorem (d) Leibnitz’s method
4. The recurrence relation to find the root of x2 114 0 by using Newton-Raphson method
is
dy
5. Consider x y, y(0) 0,h 0.2 , the value of y(0.2) of the solution by modified Euler’s
dx
method is __________
List-II(Numerical method)
A. Newton Raphson method
B. Runge-kutta method
1
C. Simpson rule
3
D. Gauss Elimination method
Codes:
(a) 1-C 2-A 3-D 4-B
(b) 1-A 2-C 3-B 4-D
(c) 1-C 2-D 3-B 4-A
(d) 1-D 2-B 3-C 4-D
2
1
7. The value of xdx computed using simpson’s 1/3 rule with a step of h=0.25 is
1
1
9. Given a>0, we wish to calculate the reciprocal value by Newton-Raphson method for
a
f(x)=0. The Newton-Raphson algorithm for the function will be
1 a 1 a 2
(a) xk 1 xk (b) xk 1 xk xk
2 xk 2 2
a 2
(c) xk 1 2xk axk2 (d) xk 1 xk x
2 k
10. Simpson’s one third rule and Simpson’s three-eight rule considers curves of polynomial
of order _________ and ___________ respectively.
11. The real root of equation xex 2 0 correct to three decimal places according to
Newton Raphson’s method is
(a) 0.853 (b) 0.8679
(c) 0.871 (d) 0.8135
12. The iterative formula to find the root of x N1/3 where N is positive real number. Use
Newton Raphson method
2xn3 N 2xn3 N
(a) (b)
3xn2 3xn2
3xn3 N
(c) (d) None of these
2xn3
dy
13. Given 3(1 x) y and y=4 when x=1. Using Runga-Kutta fourth order method, the
dx
approximate value of y when x=1.2 will be _________
2
dx
14. Using trapezoidal rule the value of 1 sinx
0
is __________[assume 6 intervals]
(a) 2 (b) 1
(c) 3 (d) 4
15. By the application of Simpson’s 1/3rd rule for numerical integration, with two sub
1
dx
intervals, the value of 1 x
0
is
17 17
(a) (b)
24 36
25 17
(c) (d)
36 25
16. The Runga-Kutta method of order four is used to solve the differential equation
dy
f(x) at y(0)=0 with step size h. The solution at x=h is given by
dx
h h h h
(a) y(h) f(0) 4f f(h) (b) y(h) f(0) 2f f(h)
6 2 6 2
h h h
(c) y(h) f(0) f(h) (d) y(h) 2f(0) f 2f(h)
6 6 2
Solutions
2. Ans: (d)
Solution: Order of error in the R-K method of 4th order is h5
3. Ans: (a)
Solution: Green theorem is used to convert line integral into surface integral.
Euler method is used for numerical solution of differential equation.
Newton-Raphson is used for transcendental and algebraic equation.
4. Ans: (d)
Solution: Let f(x)= x2 114
f(x) 2x
f(xn ) xn2 114
xn1 xn xn
f (xn ) 2xn
2x 2 xn2 114 xn2 114
xn1 n
2xn 2xn
1 114
xn1 xn
2 xn
5. Ans: 0.02
Solution: Given x0 0, f(x, y) x y,h 0.2
In modified Euler’s method compute
K1 hf(x0 y 0 ) 0.2(0 0) 0
K 2 hf(x0 h, y 0 k) 0.2(0.2 0) 0.04
1
Now K K K 2 0.02
2 1
Now y(0.2) y 0 K 0 0.02 0.02
6. Ans: (a)
7. Ans: (c)
1
Solution: f(x) ,a 1,b 2,h 0.25
x
x 1 1.25 1.50 1.75 2
1 1 0.8 0.667 0.5714 0.5
f(x)
x
2
1 h
x dx 3 y
1
0
y 4 4 y1 y 3 2 y 2 0.69325
9. Ans: (c)
1
Solution: To calculate using N-R method,
a
1 1
Set up the equation as x i.e. a
a x
1
a0
x
1
i.e. f(x) a 0
x
1
Now, f (x)
x2
1
f(xk ) a
xk
1
f (xk )
xk2
f(xk )
For N-R method, xk 1 xk
f (xk )
x k 1 x k
1 / x k
a
1
xk2
After simplification xk 1 2xk axk2
f(x 0 ) 0.7183
1st approximation, x1 x0 1 0.8679
f (x0 ) 5.4366
f(x1 ) 0.0672
f (x1 ) 4.4491
f(x1 ) 0.0672
2nd approximation, x 2 x1 0.8679 0.8528
f (x1 )
4.4491
=0.853 correct to three decimal places
0 5
12 6 4 3 12 2
1 1 0.7944 0.66667 0.58579 0.53590 0.50862 0.5
1 sin x
So,
2
1 1
1 sinxdx 12 2 (1 0.5) 0.79440 0.66667 0.58379 0.53590 0.50567 1.006 1
0
2 0 1 y0
1
10
3 0.5 1 2 y1
1 0.5 3
4 1 1 1 y2
11 2
2 1
y 0 1; y1 , y2
3 2
1
dx h 25
By Simpson’s Rule, 1 xdx 3 y
0
0
y 2 4y1
36
1
y1 y 0 k 2k 2 2k 3 k 4
6 1
1 h h h h
y(h) 0 hf(0) 2hf 2hf hf(h) f(0) 4f f(h)
6 2 2 6 2
We recommend you to take the Chapter Test first and then check
the Solutions.
1. Ans: (b)
Solution: If f(x)= xex 2
f (x) xex ex
Newton-Raphson iteration formula is
f(xn )
xn1 xn
f (xn )
Taking x 0 =0.8679
f(x0 )
x1 x0 0.853
f (x0 )
2. Ans: (b)
Solution: Order of error in the methods respectively are h2 ,h3 and h5
3. Ans: (b)
a b 1 5
Solution: x1 3 f(x1 ) 0 andf(a) 0
2 2
1 3
x2 2 f(x 2 ) 0 x 2 is root
2
Only two iterations needed.
4. Ans: (c)
f(xn )
Solution: We have xn1 xn
f (xn )
f(x) x3 x 1
f(xn ) xn3 xn 1 f (xn ) 3 xn2 1
xn3 xn 1 2xn3 1
xn1 xn
3 xn2 1 3xn2 1
5. Ans: (c)
Solution: x6 x 4
By using Descartes rule of signs,
f(x) + + +No positive real roots as there is no sign change in coefficient of f(x).
f(-x) + - +Two negative real roots as there is 2 sign change in coefficient of f(-
x).
At most 2 real and at least 4 complex roots
6. Ans: (b)
Solution: The Truncation error for Trapezoidal rule is
(b a) 2
h f (x) max
12 a,b
1
Also (Truncation error) 106
3
2
1 2 1 1
4e 10
2 6
12 n 3
n 1000e
7. Ans: (c)
Solution: By Trapizoidal rule
2
h 1
f(x)dx 2 y
0
0
y 2 2(y1 )
2
1 15 2(4) 12
But error=Exact value-Approximate value
For exact value to find, let f(x) a0 a1 x a2 x 2
Given,
At x=0, f(x) 1 1 a0 0 0 a0 1
At x=1, f(x) 4 4 1 a1 a2 a1 a2 3
At x=2, f(x)=15
15 1 2a1 4 a2 2a1 4 a2 14
f(x) 1 x 4 x 2
2 2
32
Exact value=
f(x)dx 1 x 4x dx
2
3
0 0
32 4
Error= 12
3 3
8. Ans: (a)
Solution: x 4 C
f(x) x 4 C 0
f (x) 4 x3
xn4 C 3xn4 C
x n 1 x n
4xn3 4xn3
9. Ans: (b)
1
Solution: x
a
1
f(x) 2 a 0
x
2
f1(x) 3
x
1
2 a
xn xn axn3 1
xn1 xn
2
xn
2
3xn axn3
2
3
xn
f(1) 1.4596
f (x) 3 sinx, f (1) 3.8414
1.4596
x1 1 0.62
3.8414
X 0 5 10
Sin(1-x) 0.8414 0.7568 -0.412
5
So, f(x) (0.8414 0.412) 2(0.7568) =4.85=5 (approx)
2