GD&T Fundamentals: Your Source For GD&T Training and Materials

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Your Source for GD&T Training and Materials
GD&T Fundamentals
About Who should attend:
All those who use GD&T to design, produce and inspect parts: mechanical
Training engineers, designers, managers, production planners, inspectors, machinists,
Software supplier quality personnel, etc.
GD&T Resources
The Need:
GD&T Store A concurrent engineering team equipped with the proper tools has the ability to
shorten time to market, reduce engineering changes and create a robust quality
design. Design decisions should be optimized for quality cost and delivery at the
sketch phase when an engineering change costs a few cents rather than hundreds
or thousands of dollars months later. The drawing is the common thread of the
concurrent engineering team.
This is the first in a series of seminars that presents understandable user friendly
tools that may be used by your entire team to get it right the first time. By using
these methods, design decisions are based on fact rather than emotion and past
practices.
Course description: (3 days)

You'll discover the major pitfalls of traditional coordinate tolerancing - and how they
may be overcome by using Geometric Tolerancing. Then, starting with your basic
blueprint knowledge, you'll learn the symbols, terminology and rules of Geometric
Tolerancing as prescribed in the current standard (ASME Y14.5M-1994). The
GD&T Hierarchy will be presented to explain the relationship between tolerances
and how to most economically apply the concepts.
Introduction Form
 Course Objectives  Flatness
 Geometric Shapes  Straightness
 Time for Drawing Previews!  Circularity (Roundness)
 What is GD&T?  Cylindricity
 The GD&T Hierarchy Orientation
Features  Perpendicularity
 GD&T is as easy as 1-2-3  Parallelism
 Material Conditions  Angularity
 Feature of Size (Rule #1)  Tangent Plane
 Relationship Profile
 Rule #2
 Screw Thread Rule  Profile Tolerance Zones
 Composite Profile
http://www.tec-ease.com/gdt-fundamentals.htm 7/28/2009
GD&T Fundamentals Page 2 of 2
Datums  Coplanarity
 Six Degrees of Freedom  Applications
 Datums Position
 Datum Features  Composite Position
 Simulators  Implied Conditions
 Symbol Placement  Symmetry
 Datum Precedence Coaxial Features
 Datum Targets
 A Comparison of
 Datum Guidelines
 Virtual Condition
 Runout
 Free State
 Concentricity
Additional Information: Fixed and Floating Fasteners
 Customizing is available  Floating Fastener
 We prefer working with your  Fixed Fastener
prints when possible  Projected Tolerance Zone
 Free phone, FAX or email
consultation is available
following the course
 All courses are taught in
accordance with the American
National Standards unless
requested otherwise
Max says -
Call Tec-Ease today to schedule your GD&T training!

1-888-TEC-EASE
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GD&T Tips - Actual Mating Envelope Page 1 of 1
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Actual Mating Envelope
Calculating Additional Tolerance Permitted when a Position Tolerance is Modified at MMC.
An additional tolerance, often called Bonus tolerance, is permitted when a position tolerance is modified at maximum material
condition (MMC) and the actual mating envelope of the feature has departed from the MMC.
In these illustrations, the part is black and the actual mating envelope is red.
For an internal feature such as a hole or slot:
For an external feature such as a boss or tab:
Note: The Actual Mating Envelope must be oriented relative to the specified Datums. When an inspector merely uses the
size of a feature to calculate the bonus tolerance, out of spec parts may be accepted.
If a hole, for instance, has the following size and geometric control, and the hole measures .502. It would be incorrect to use a
bonus tolerance of .003 (.502 - .499(MMC)) if the hole is not perfectly oriented to the Datums. If the hole is out of perpendicular
to datum A by .002, for instance, the bonus that may be used is reduced by that amount. The bonus would be merely .001 and
the allowable position tolerance = .016.
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http://www.tec-ease.com/tips/august-97.htm 7/28/2009
GD&T Tips - Angularity Page 1 of 1

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Angularity
Use Two Datum References for Angularity!
When setting up a part for the measurement of angularity on a sine bar, it is difficult to orient the part before performing the
inspection.
This problem is overcome if a second datum is referenced in the angularity callout
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http://www.tec-ease.com/tips/february-00.htm 7/28/2009
GD&T Tip - Angularity Does Not Locate - Use Profile of a Surface Page 1 of 1

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Angularity Does Not Locate - Use Profile of a Surface
Another Angularity Does Not Locate Tip
A common error on drawings is to apply only angularity to features that are not
perpendicular or parallel to the datum reference frame. The most important characteristic
to control is location. Position locates features of size. Profile of a surface is the only
geometric tolerance that locates surfaces. The orientation tolerances of perpendicularity,
parallelism and angularity never locate features. The angled surfaces on this part, for
instance, need to be located relative to the datum reference frame. If only angularity had
been applied, the drawing would be incomplete. Profile of a surface locates the surfaces in
addition to controlling the angularity. If the orientation of these surfaces needs to be better
than the orientation provided by the profile of a surface tolerance, an angularity tolerance
may be added as a refinement. Locate first-refine second.
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Copyright 1997 – 2008, Tec-Ease, Inc. All rights reserved.

Tec-Ease, Inc. All rights reserved.
GD&T Tip - ASME Y14.5-2009 Revision Page 1 of 1

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Get Up to Speed with the ASME Y14.5-2009 Revision
PDF of This Tip
By getting up to speed on the 2009 revision of Y14.5 you will learn of the changes which:
 Add new concepts and symbols to clarify the meaning of the drawing
 Clarify concepts found in the 1994 Standard
 Extend principles found in the 1994 Standard
 Resolve differences or discrepancies found in the current Standard
 Incorporate concepts from other Y14 standards
 Reference Y14.41, the standard that nables the tolerancing of 3-D models and reduced dimension drawings
In addition to the 7 new symbols we now have a way to override datum precedence. There are new categories of features such as irregular features of size, continuous and complex
features. There are new tolerance zone definitions and new ways to apply old symbols.
There is way too much to cover in a Tip. So, my tip to you is—contact Tec-Ease, Inc., to get updated to the new revision of the Y14.5 standard through our seminars, computer based
training, on-line training and of course our books, pocket guide and wall chart.
We also offer the new revision of the Standard in an electronic form that keeps the text and graphics together and has extensive link and search capabilities. It is titled The Y14.5 Standard-
Ease® 2009. You can learn more at http://www.tec-ease.com/09standard.htm.
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http://www.tec-ease.com/tips/march-09.htm 7/28/2009
GD&T Tips - Basic Dimensions Page 1 of 1

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Basic Dimensions
Another Basic Dimensions Tip
Give Production the Dimensions They Need.
When GD&T is used, the geometric tolerances apply to the features - not the dimensions. Therefore when BASIC dimensions are
used with geometric tolerances, several different dimensioning schemes may be used without changing the meaning of the drawing.
The first drawing below is an example of baseline dimensioning. The other two illustrate chain dimensioning. Since the position
tolerance is related to datums A, B and C, all three drawings have the same meaning even though the dimensioning is different. This
would not be true if the dimensions locating the holes were toleranced rather than BASIC. Because the meaning of these drawings is
the same, the designer should consider the needs of those who will read the print when placing dimensions.
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ASME Y14.41 - 2003 - Learn to deal with Basic Dimensions Page 1 of 2

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ASME Y14.41 - 2003 - Learn to deal with Basic Dimensions.
Another ASME Y14.41 - 2003 Tip

There are two types of dimensions-toleranced and basic. Dimensions that are toleranced may be toleranced on the field of the
drawing, in a general note or a supplemental block of the drawing format. Basic dimensions are toleranced indirectly with
geometric tolerances. The geometric tolerance applies to the feature, not the basic dimension. We have Rule #1 in the ASME
Y14.5 standard which explains the meaning of a toleranced size dimension. For other than size, toleranced dimensions can
have multiple meanings. For that reason, the ASME Y14.41-2003 standard on digital modeling recommends that direct
tolerancing only be used to define the size of a feature [3.1.1, item(4)]. Geometric tolerancing is the preferred method.
They do allow some direct tolerancing for other than size but in many cases recommend that the dimension origin symbol be
used to clarify the meaning.
Here is a drawing made in accordance with the ASME Y14.41-2003 standard. Any dimensions not shown may be determined
by making queries of the digital model.
Digital product data definition, reduced dimension drawings and paperless part definition will continue to grow in popularity.
The sooner organizations embrace geometric tolerancing and use toleranced dimensions primarily for size, the sooner
technology in this area will advance.
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http://www.tec-ease.com/tips/july-06.htm 7/28/2009
ASME Y14.41 - 2003 - Learn to deal with Basic Dimensions Page 2 of 2

2006 Tec-Ease, Inc. All rights reserved.
GD&T Tips - Boundaries Page 1 of 1

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Boundaries
Think Boundary, not Bonus
The typical approach to inspecting a feature such as the
n1.000 hole is to measure the size, calculate a bonus and
then try to locate the axis of the hole to see if it is within the
allowable position tolerance. Another approach is to inspect
the size and make measurements to see if the hole violates
the inner boundary (virtual condition). If a hard gage were
produced to inspect the position of this hole, it would have a
pin n.970 (+gage tolerance and wear allowance) located at
the basic location from the datums.
This hard gage may be simulated using a height gage in an

open setup or CMM probe. By adding and subtracting half the
virtual condition from the basic dimensions, the distance from
the datums that may not be violated may be calculated.
These distances may be easily inspected.
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GD&T Tips - Boundaries Page 1 of 1

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Boundaries
Think Boundary, not Bonus
The typical approach to inspecting a feature such as the
n1.000 hole is to measure the size, calculate a bonus and
then try to locate the axis of the hole to see if it is within the
allowable position tolerance. Another approach is to inspect
the size and make measurements to see if the hole violates
the inner boundary (virtual condition). If a hard gage were
produced to inspect the position of this hole, it would have a
pin n.970 (+gage tolerance and wear allowance) located at
the basic location from the datums.
This hard gage may be simulated using a height gage in an

open setup or CMM probe. By adding and subtracting half the
virtual condition from the basic dimensions, the distance from
the datums that may not be violated may be calculated.
These distances may be easily inspected.
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GD&T Tips - Centerlines Page 1 of 1

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Centerlines
PDF of This Tip
Dimension to Centerlines When it Makes Sense
Many past Tips have illustrated dimensioning from and to center lines. There continues to be questions about when it is
okay to dimension with center lines and when it is not appropriate. Dimensions may be to and from center lines on a
drawing if the dimensions are basic and the center line is representing the:
 axis, center point or centerplane of a feature of size

 center of a pattern such as a bolt pattern
 center of a radius
 center of a slot length or width
In all of these cases if direct tolerancing is used, confusion may result. There is no reason to have this confusion except to
fall back on “that’s the way we’ve always done it”. If you always do what you’ve always done, you’ll always get what you’ve
always got. In other words, you will never improve. The drawing below shows the common correct application of
dimensions to center lines. In every case the dimensions to and from the center lines are basic.
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GD&T Tips - Circularity Page 1 of 1

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Circularity
Size - Controlling Form

Another Circularity Tip
Yup, Circularity Error Can Be as Large as the Total Size Tolerance.
Here is a question that comes up from time to time. "How can the circularity error be as large as the total size tolerance since circularity
error is a radial tolerance?" The reason is that the LMC and MMC size limits of a feature of size are not coaxial values. The total size
tolerance on the inside diameter of 60.71 is 0.06mm. The figure at the bottom illustrates an extreme case where the hole would just accept
a 60.68 (MMC) full form check while at some cross sections the LMC size of 60.74 was not violated. Therefore, size is verified. The
circularity error of this particular feature is 0.06, the total size tolerance, since the circularity tolerance zone is comprised of two concentric
circles. The size of the circles defining the circularity error could be 60.68 and 60.8 as illustrated. If this isn't desireable, a circularity
tolerance with a value less than 0.6 Could be added to refine the circularity control provided by the limits of size. In this case, a 0.025
circularity tolerance was added.
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http://www.tec-ease.com/tips/november-04.htm 7/28/2009
GD&T Tips - Concentricity and Coaxiality Controls Page 1 of 3

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Concentricity and Position - Coaxiality Controls
Another Coaxiality Control Tip
There are Five Ways to Control Coaxiality of Features. They are:
With so many options it is no wonder that many people find the differences hard to understand. Each control has its place,
although some are more difficult and time consuming than others. By comparing sample inspection methods, the differences
may become clearer. This month's tip will illustrate the differences between position and concentricity. Next month's tip will
continue with the runout tolerances and profile.
Position may use the MMC and LMC modifiers on the tolerance and Datum references. The illustration below shows a
possible gage (ignoring gage tolerance and wear allowance) that could be used when MMC is the modifier. If the sizes are
within the size tolerances but the part doesn't fit the gage, the features position (coaxiality) is out of spec. This type of control
works well when the main concern is the assembly of this part to another. The gage may usually be thought of as representing
the worst mating part.
According to the ASME Y14.5M-1994 Standard, when no modifiers are present, the implied condition is regardless of feature
size as shown below. In this case, the axis of the datum feature and the feature being controlled must be determined to find
the error in coaxiality. Although this control may be applied to bearings and dynamic balance applications, the job can usually
be accomplished at a lower overall cost by using one of the runout controls.
All of the coaxiality controls are intended to control concentric features. For that reason, many designers and engineers
choose concentricity. Unfortunately, concentricity ignores the size, roundness and cylindricity of the feature. It requires that
the inspector derive a median line (see the June 1997 Tip-of-the-Month). In a situation where you don't care about the size,
roundness or cylindricity of the feature, concentricity may be specified. In thirty plus years of reviewing mechanical designs, I
have never found a design where this is truly the case. The closest application, perhaps, is when dynamic balance is needed.
In such a case, measuring a part statically does not assure dynamic balance if the material is not homogeneous. If dynamic
balance is required, a dynamic balancing note is probably in order rather than concentricity. For that reason, I often use the
line, "When in Doubt, Use Runout."
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GD&T Tips - Composite Tolerancing Page 1 of 3

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Composite Tolerancing
Another Composite Tolerancing Tip
When datum references are repeated in the second segment of a composite or single segment control, the meaning is
different.
The tolerance in the upper segment of a composite tolerance is located by all applicable basic dimensions. On the drawing
above, the red tolerance is located by the red dimensions.
The lower segment of a composite tolerance does not use the basic dimensions which originate at the datums. Only the basic
dimensions within the pattern are applicable. If a datum is repeated, it indicates that the orientation of the pattern must be held
to the tighter tolerance. In this case, the perpendicularity to datum A must be within 0.2 and the pattern of two holes may not
tilt more than 0.2 relative to datum B.
http://www.tec-ease.com/tips/december-98.htm 7/28/2009
You will now notice that there are two position symbols being used. This callout is not composite. It is called two single
segments. The upper segment has the same meaning as the upper segment of the composite callout shown earlier. The
lower segment, however, improves the location as well as the orientationof the feature(s) relative to the datums referenced in
the second sement. Notice that the 19mm dimension from datum B is shown in red. The pattern must be positioned at the
19mm dimension from B within 0.2 total even though the pattern may be out of position as much as 0.6 total relative to datum
C.
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Concentricity and Position - Coaxiality Controls
Another Coaxiality Control Tip
There are Five Ways to Control Coaxiality of Features. They are:
With so many options it is no wonder that many people find the differences hard to understand. Each control has its place,
although some are more difficult and time consuming than others. By comparing sample inspection methods, the differences
may become clearer. This month's tip will illustrate the differences between position and concentricity. Next month's tip will
continue with the runout tolerances and profile.
Position may use the MMC and LMC modifiers on the tolerance and Datum references. The illustration below shows a
possible gage (ignoring gage tolerance and wear allowance) that could be used when MMC is the modifier. If the sizes are
within the size tolerances but the part doesn't fit the gage, the features position (coaxiality) is out of spec. This type of control
works well when the main concern is the assembly of this part to another. The gage may usually be thought of as representing
the worst mating part.
According to the ASME Y14.5M-1994 Standard, when no modifiers are present, the implied condition is regardless of feature
size as shown below. In this case, the axis of the datum feature and the feature being controlled must be determined to find
the error in coaxiality. Although this control may be applied to bearings and dynamic balance applications, the job can usually
be accomplished at a lower overall cost by using one of the runout controls.
All of the coaxiality controls are intended to control concentric features. For that reason, many designers and engineers
choose concentricity. Unfortunately, concentricity ignores the size, roundness and cylindricity of the feature. It requires that
the inspector derive a median line (see the June 1997 Tip-of-the-Month). In a situation where you don't care about the size,
roundness or cylindricity of the feature, concentricity may be specified. In thirty plus years of reviewing mechanical designs, I
have never found a design where this is truly the case. The closest application, perhaps, is when dynamic balance is needed.
In such a case, measuring a part statically does not assure dynamic balance if the material is not homogeneous. If dynamic
balance is required, a dynamic balancing note is probably in order rather than concentricity. For that reason, I often use the
line, "When in Doubt, Use Runout."
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GD&T Tips - Cpk Page 1 of 1

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Cpk
Another Cpk Tip
Calculating Cpk for Geometric Tolerances at MMC or LMC
The question of calculating Cpk on geometric tolerances modified at MMC and LMC continues to come up. Last month's Tip
showed how to inspect features of size where the geometric tolerance is modified at MMC or LMC without having to find the
axis or center plane. The geometric tolerance in these cases is a single limit control. Once that is realized, it is easy to
calculate a Cpk index on such geometric tolerances. In this case, polar measurements are made to assure that the surface of
the hole does not violate the inner boundary. The inner boundary is 20 - 0.1 - 0.6 = Ø19.3. The surface of the hole may not be
closer to the basic location than R9.65mm which is the radius of the inner boundary. Recording the distribution of the closest
point relative to the inner boundary of corresponding holes on multiple parts, provides the data necessary to calculate Cpk of
the process for the position tolerance of each hole. Any $15 calculator with statistical functions may be used to calculate the
average of the data, a standard deviation and the resulting Cpk.
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GD&T Tips - Cylindricity Inspection Page 1 of 1

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Cylindricity Inspection
When Inspecting Cylindricity, There Is No Datum
Cylindricity is one of the more challenging tolerances to inspect. It requires isolating the feature from the rest of the part since there
can never be a datum referenced with cylindricity. In this example, the cylindricity has been applied to 5 features. Cylindricity is an
individual control. Therefore, each feature is inspected independent of the others. An electronic probe gathers many points on the
surface. A computer then evaluates the points to fit them between two concentric cylinders that may not have a radial separation
greater than 0.02. The actual size, location and orientation of the feature are ignored. Cylindricity is a composite of circularity,
surface straightness and taper.
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GD&T Tip -Add a Note to Expand a Pattern for Composite Tolerancing Page 1 of 2

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Add a Note to Expand a Pattern for Composite Tolerancing
PDF of This Tip
Some folks think that composite tolerancing cannot be applied to a pattern of holes that
have different sizes. When they have a group of holes of different sizes to control as a
pattern it is not uncommon to locate one hole, make it a datum feature and control the
other holes relative to that new datum feature. In this case, to guarantee a close fit, a
refinement of perpendicularity is also required. Technically, this approach is OK. However,
it does require a new set-up to inspect the part as well as the additional perpendicularity
tolerance. The first drawing shows this approach
Another approach is shown on the second drawing. Here all three holes are made a single pattern by the note, 3 HOLES. This
approach gives the desired fit in the assembly while eliminating a set-up to establish an auxiliary datum reference frame and
an additional inspection of the perpendicularity refinement on the larger hole.
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GD&T Tip -Add a Note to Expand a Pattern for Composite Tolerancing Page 2 of 2
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GD&T Tip -Datum Features Must Be Referenced to Be Used Page 1 of 2

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Datum Features Must Be Referenced to Be Used.
Another Control of Datum Features Tip
There continues to be the misconception that if a feature is labeled as a datum feature, its
use is somehow implied. Take the drawing shown. The position tolerance on the hole
references datum features A and B but not C. Therefore the hole must be perpendicular to
the plane established by datum feature A and 20 mm from the axis established by datum
feature B. Datum feature C has nothing to do with the position of the hole. Yes, the hole is
shown on a centerline that is perpendicular to datum feature C. So, we know what the goal
is. But, since datum feature C was not referenced in the position tolerance, there is no limit
to how far the hole can be off the 90° angle. A couple of possible, acceptable parts are
shown.
In order to avoid this, all you have to do is add datum feature C to the position tolerance.
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http://www.tec-ease.com/tips/may-07.htm 7/28/2009
GD&T Tip -Datum Features Must Be Referenced to Be Used Page 2 of 2

http://www.tec-ease.com/tips/may-07.htm 7/28/2009
GD&T Tips - Datum Page 1 of 1

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Datum Reference Frame
Another Datum Reference Frame Tip
Datums Are Mutually Perpendicular - Even When the Datum Features Are Not.
It isn't always possible or practical to select datum features that are mutually perpendicular to one another when establishing a
datum reference frame. Notice that datum feature C is not nominally perpendicular to datum feature B. The datum feature
simulator for C would be made at 35° to the datum feature simulator for B (shown here in red). The actual datum planes
(shown in blue), which comprise the datum reference framework, would however be mutually perpendicular to one another as
is illustrated in the last figure. The deviation of the hole from the 55mm BASIC location would be measured from the third
datum plane-not from the sharp point on the actual part.
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http://www.tec-ease.com/tips/january-01.htm 7/28/2009

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Datum Shift
Another Datum Shift Tip
Datum Features can Give You a Shift - not a Bonus.
When datum features are modified at MMC or LMC, the datum feature and the features being controlled may be able to shift relative to the datum
axis or centerplane. On the drawing shown below, datum feature B, in the position callout of the four hole pattern, is modified at MMC. This
means the datum simulator for datum feature B would have a theoretical design size of 19.6.
Since the actual datum feature could be produced as large as 20.2, the datum
feature could shift as much as 0.6 total. This means the four-hole pattern may
shift out of position in one direction while the datum feature shifts in the other
direction as shown. A very common error made at inspection is to use this
allowed datum shift as a bonus on the features being controlled. This would allow
the features to be out of position to each other more as the datum feature
departs from MMC. This practice does not agree with the drawing or a hard
gage, should one be produced.
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GD&T Tip - Keeping Features In-Line Requires a Geometric Tolerance Page 1 of 1

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A Datum Feature Is Not a Datum
PDF of This Tip
Note: This Tip is in accordance with the ASME Y14.5M-1994 standard.
First, it is not considered

good practice to have
such a large flatness
tolerance on the datum
feature and smaller
tolerances on the other
considered features.
However, it is technically
correct and this approach
was taken on this
drawing to make a point.
The parallelism is relative to the datum plane established by
datum feature A not to datum feature A.
The question I get is “How can the datum be bowed and

there be a tight parallelism tolerance relative to the datum?”
Well, the answer is, “It Can’t!” The problem is that people
are constantly confusing the datum with the datum feature.
On this part the bottom surface is the datum feature. No
matter how “bowed” it is, it is used to establish a datum
plane which in theory is flat. According to the ASME
Y14.5M-1994 standard in Section 4.2.1, since
measurements cannot be made from theoretical planes, the
processing equipment serves as a simulated datum plane for inspection purposes. One way to inspect this parallelism is to
place the datum feature on a surface plate. The surface plate is used as the simulated datum. The travel of the indicator
measuring the parallelism error is parallel to the
surface plate—not the datum feature.
So, as is shown in the last figure, the datum feature

may be out of flat as much as 0.5 but the top surface
might be parallel (which also controls flatness and
straightness) within 0.1. You might ask what you
should do if datum feature A is bowed the other way.
That will be explained next month and will be indexed
on the website under Datum, Candidate Datum Set.
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http://www.tec-ease.com/tips/oct-08.htm 7/28/2009
GD&T Tip - Keeping Features In-Line Requires a Geometric Tolerance Page 1 of 1

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Orienting Datum Planes
PDF of This Tip
Where a primary or
secondary datum axis
is established, it is
usually necessary to
orient the mutually
perpendicular datum
planes that intersect
at the datum axis.
Although most folks
understand that the
datum planes need to
be oriented, they
often do not agree on how this should be accomplished.
On this drawing, datum feature A is primary and applies

RFS. This establishes a datum axis which is the
intersection of two mutually perpendicular datum planes.
In order to orient these datum planes, datum feature B is
added to the position tolerance feature control frame on
the Ø8 hole.
There are two approaches used to orient these datum planes using
the simulator for datum feature B.
One way is to locate te center plane of parallel planes at the 14

basic location. These parallel planes expand to fill the slot.
The second way is to first fill the slot with parallel planes and then
rotate the center plane of these planes to orient the datum planes.
This second method is popular with many CMM operators.

Unfortunately it is incorrect. The datum simulator for datum feature B
must be perfect in form, orientation and location. So, the first method
is correct.
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http://www.tec-ease.com/tips/jan-09.htm 7/28/2009

GD&T Fundamentals: Your Source For GD&T Training and Materials

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GD&T Fundamentals: Your Source For GD&T Training and Materials

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GD&T Fundamentals Page 1 of 2

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Applications of GD&T Global GD&T GD&T for Plastics Public Seminars

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Calculating Additional Tolerance Permitted when a Position Tolerance is Modified at MMC.

For an external feature such as a boss or tab:

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© 1997 – 2008, Tec-Ease, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Use Two Datum References for Angularity!

This problem is overcome if a second datum is referenced in the angularity callout

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© 1997 – 2008, Tec-Ease, Inc. All rights reserved.

Virtualtech Web Site Design and Promotion, Inc.

Home Contact Product Catalog Rapid Prototyping Client Login

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Copyright 1997 – 2008, Tec-Ease, Inc. All rights reserved.

Home Contact Product Catalog Rapid Prototyping Client Login

Copyright Tec-Ease, Inc. All rights reserved.

Home Contact Product Catalog Rapid Prototyping Client Login

Give Production the Dimensions They Need.

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© 1997 – 2008, Tec-Ease, Inc. All rights reserved.

Virtualtech Web Site Design and Promotion, Inc.

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Another ASME Y14.41 - 2003 Tip

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Copyright 1997 – 2008, Tec-Ease, Inc. All rights reserved.

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This hard gage may be simulated using a height gage in an

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© 1997 – 2008, Tec-Ease, Inc. All rights reserved.

Virtualtech Web Site Design and Promotion, Inc.

Home Contact Product Catalog Rapid Prototyping Client Login

This hard gage may be simulated using a height gage in an

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© 1997 – 2008, Tec-Ease, Inc. All rights reserved.

Virtualtech Web Site Design and Promotion, Inc.

Home Contact Product Catalog Rapid Prototyping Client Login

 axis, center point or centerplane of a feature of size

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Copyright 1997 – 2008, Tec-Ease, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Size - Controlling Form

Yup, Circularity Error Can Be as Large as the Total Size Tolerance.

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© 1997 – 2008, Tec-Ease, Inc. All rights reserved.

Virtualtech Web Site Design and Promotion, Inc.

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There are Five Ways to Control Coaxiality of Features. They are:

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© 1997 – 2008, Tec-Ease, Inc. All rights reserved.

Virtualtech Web Site Design and Promotion, Inc.

Home Contact Product Catalog Rapid Prototyping Client Login

Back to GD&T Tips

Back to GD&T Tips