I.

Topic: Trigonometry ( Unit Circle Intro )

a. Objectives

1. To be able to express angles in both degree and radian measures

2. To be able to determine the 6 trigonometric functions and the unit circle

3. To be able to relate trigonometry in real life

b. Activities

- Individual

Change from degree to radian measure Answer Key:

and radian to degree measure.

𝜋 5𝜋
1. 300° = 300° (180°) = 3

1. 300° =? 3𝜋 3𝜋 180°
2. = ( ) = 270°
2 2 𝜋
3𝜋
2. =?
2 𝜋 3𝜋
3. 135° = 135° (180°) = 4
3. 135°=?
180°
4. 2𝜋 = ( ) =360°
4. 2𝜋 =? 𝜋

5𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋
5. =? 5. = (180°) = 150°
6 6 6
- By 3s

1. Determine the cos(300°) and sec(300°) that has a reference angle of 60°.

𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠
cos 𝜃= ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠 sec 𝜃= 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡

cos 𝜃= x
1
cos300°= 2

1
sec 𝜃= 𝑥

1
sec300°= 1
2

1 −√3
sec300°= 2
{ , }
2 2

1
Answer: cos300°= 2 , sec300°= 2

2. Find the values of sin(-120°) and csc(-120°) with a reference angle of 60°.

𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠
sin 𝜃 = csc 𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒

√3 √3
sin 𝜃 = 2 sin-120° = -
2
1

1 2 √3 2√3 2√3
csc 𝜃 = √3
=- ∙ =- csc-120°= -
− √3 √3 3 3
2

√3 2√3
Answer: sin-120° = - 2 , csc-120°= - 3
 3𝜋
3-5. Solve for the 6 trigonometric functions of the radian measure of .
4

( 1 pt. for the graph , 2pts for the correct solution and answers)

3(180°) 540
= = = 135°
4 4

−√2 √2
Coordinates : { , 2}
2
−√2 √2
{ , }
2 2
ANSWERS:

√2
𝑜 √2 =
sin 𝜃 = sin 135° = 2 2
ℎ
1

𝑎 −√2 −√2
cos 𝜃 = cos 135° = 2
=
ℎ 2
1

𝑜 √2
tan 𝜃 = tan 135° = 2
= -1
𝑎
−√2
2

ℎ 1
csc 𝜃 = csc 135° = √2
= √2
𝑜
2

ℎ 1
sec 𝜃 = sec 135° = −√2 = −√2
𝑎
2

𝑎 −√2
cot 𝜃 = cot 135° = 2 = -1
𝑜
√2
2
 - By Group

1. The point P (3,4) is on the terminal side of 𝜃. Find the values of all trigonometric

functions of 𝜃. Draw the diagram.

Solution:

( Pythagorean theorem )
y=4

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 𝑜𝑟 √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2
x=3
r = √32 + 42

r = √9 + 16

r = √25

r=5

Six trigonometric functions :

𝑦 4
sin 𝜃 = =5
𝑟

𝑥 3
cos 𝜃 = 𝑟 = 5

𝑦 4
tan 𝜃 = 𝑥 = 3

𝑟 5
csc 𝜃 = 𝑦 = 4

𝑟 5
sec 𝜃 = 𝑥 = 3

𝑥 3
cot 𝜃 = 𝑦 = 4
 −√3
2. If cos 𝜃 = and 0°< 𝜃 < 180°, find the values of the other five trigonometric
3

functions of 𝜃. Draw a diagram.

𝑥 −√3
Solution : cos 𝜃 = 𝑟 = , x = -√3 and r = 3 𝑦 = √𝑟 2 − 𝑥 2 = √(3)2 − (−√3)2 = √6
3

𝑥 √6 𝑟 3 √6
sin 𝜃 = 𝑟 = csc 𝜃 = 𝑦 = =
3 √6 2

𝑦 √3 𝑟 3
cos 𝜃 = 𝑟 = sec 𝜃 = 𝑥 = −√3 =−√3
3

𝑦 √6 𝑥 −√3 √2
tan 𝜃 = 𝑥 = −√3 = -√2 cot 𝜃 = 𝑦 = =−
√6 2

19𝜋
3. Find the coordinates of point P with the radius of 1unit out of an angle of 𝛽 = .
6

Draw its diagram.

−√3 1
Solution: 𝑥 = 𝑦 = −2
2

𝑥
x ; let us use cos 𝛽 =𝑟 = x
P(x,y)

19𝜋 −√3
x = cos 𝛽 = cos = =
6 2

𝑦
y ; let us use sin 𝛽 = 𝑟 =y
r=1
 19𝜋 1
y= sin 𝛽 = sin = -2
6

√3 1
P(− , − 2)
2

4. Find the coordinates of point P with the radius vector of 3 units at an angle of a = -20°.

Solution :
𝑥
cosine function , cos a= ,
𝑟

x= r cos a= 3 cos (-20°) = 2.819

𝑦
sine function , sin a= 𝑟 ,

y= r sin a= 3 sin (-20°) = -1.026

The approximate coordinates of point P is at (2.819, -

1.026)

5. The point P (1,4) is on the terminal side of angle 𝜃. Find the values of all the

trigonometric functions of 𝜃.
Solution:

Pythagorean theorem

𝑟 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2

r = √12 + 42

r = √1 + 16

r = √17

The six trigonometric functions:

𝑦 4
sin 𝜃 = 𝑟 =
√17

𝑋 1
cos 𝜃 = = =
𝑟 √17

𝑦 4
tan 𝜃 = 𝑥 = =4
1

𝑟 √17
csc 𝜃 = 𝑦 = 4

𝑟 √17
sec 𝜃 = 𝑥 = = √17
1

𝑥 1
cot 𝜃 = 𝑦 = 4

c. Evaluation ( multiple choice and problem solving )

1. Solve for the angle of elevation application : from a point 115 feet from the base of a

redwood tree, the angle of elevation to the top of the tree is 64.3°. Find the height of the

tree to the nearest foot.

 Given: The length of the given adjacent side of the angle is 115ft

opposite is unknown
Answer:
We use the tangent function , Let h represent the length of the opposite side.
The height of
𝑜 ℎ the tree is
tan 64.3°= 𝑎 = 115 h = 115 tan 64.3°= 238.952
approximately
239 feet.

Illustration:

2. Solve for the angle of depression. Distance measuring equipment ( DME) is a standard

avionic equipment on a commercial airplane. This distance from a plane to a radar station

is 160 miles and the angle of depression is 33°, find the number of ground miles from a

point directly below the plane to the radar station.

Given:

The length of the hypotenuse to 160 miles

The length of the side

Opposite angle is 57° is unknown

The sin function involves t he hypotenuse

 The opposite side, x of the 57° angle x

𝑥
Solution: Sin 57° = 160 = 𝑥 = 160 𝑠𝑖𝑛 57° = 134.1873

Answer: 134.1873 ground miles from the radar

3. Solve for the angle of elevation application : An observer notes that the angle of elevation

from point A to the top of a space shuttle is 27.2° from a point 17.5 meters further from

the space shuttle, the angle of elevation is 23.9°, find the height of the space shuttle.

Solve for y :

𝑦 𝑦
(1) tan 27.2°= 𝑥 and (2) tan 23.9°=𝑥+17.5

solution:

𝑦
tan 23.9°= 𝑦 cot 27.2°+17.5

y = (tan 23.9°)(y cot 27.2° + 17.5)

y-y tan 23.9° cot 27.2° = (tan 23.9°)(17.5)

y(1-tan 23.9° cot 27.2°) = (tan 23.9°)(17.5)

(tan 23.9°)(17.5)
𝑦 = 1−tan 23.9° cot 27.2°
y = 56.2993
Answer: The height of the space shuttle is 56 feet

4. A radio station tower was built in 2 sections. From a point 87 feet from the base of the

tower, the angle of elevation of the top of the first section is 25 degrees, and the angle of

elevation of the top of the second section is 40 degrees. To the nearest foot, what is the

height of the top section of the tower?

Solution : ( imagine as if you are working with 2 separate triangles )

(1) The larger triangle with the 40 degree angles and a vertical side that represents the height

of the first section of the tower (bottom part)

(2) The smaller triangle with the 25 degree angle and a vertical side, a that represents the

height of the first section of the tower.

Find for the vertical heights (b and a) in two separate triangles.

Larger triangle with height b :

𝑏 𝑏
tan 40°= 87 ; .8390996312 = ; 𝑏 = 73.00166791
87
smaller triangle with height a :

𝑎 𝑎
tan 25°= 87 ; .4663076582 = 87 ; 𝑎 = 40.56876626

Find the difference of b and a ( b – a ):

73.00166791 − 40.56876626 = 32.43290165

Answer : The height of the top

section of the tower is 32 feet.

5. Find the shadow cast by a 10 foot

lamp post when the angle of elevation of

the sun is 58°. Find the length nearest to

the nearest tenth of a foot. The lamp post is vertical , making it perpendicular with the

ground.

( remember that the angle of elevation is from the horizontal ground line upward )

Solution:
𝑜𝑝𝑝 10 Answer:10The length of the nearest
tan 𝜃 = = ; 1.6003 = 𝑥 ; 𝑥 = 6.2 feet
𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝑥
tenth of a foot is 6.2 feet.
MULTIPLE CHOICE :

1. What is the graph of the equation of the circle in the rectangular coordinate

system?

a. 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 = 0 c. 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2
𝑌1 +𝑌2 𝑥+𝑦
b. d.
𝑋1 +𝑋2 2

2. Pertains to the original position of the radius vector.

a. Initial side c. Radius vector

b. Positive angle d. None of the above

3. The final position of the radius vector.

a. Radius vector c. Both a and b

b. Terminal side d. Negative angle

 4. Refers to the length of the lines that is rotated to generate an angle.

a. Positive angle c. Negative angle

b. Radius vector d. Terminal side

5. 1 revolution in a circle is equal to?

a. 180° c. 360°

b. 90° d. 720°

6. Give the radian measure of the central angle of a circle of radius of 1 cm that

intercepts an arc of 2 cm.

a. 1 rad c. 2 rad

b. 4 rad d. 5 rad

7. Give the degree measure of the central angle subtended by an arc with the length
2
of 3 of the circumference of the circle.

a. 300° c. 500°

b. 270° d. 240°

8. What is the coordinates of 45°?

√2 √2
a. ( 2 , ) c. (-1,0)
2
1 √3
1 √3 d. (− , − )
b. (2 , 2 ) 2 2

9. What is the hypotenuse or the r of the point P(3,4)?

a. 10 c. 6

b. 5 d. 25

10. What equation is to be used to define the sin 𝜃 , cos 𝜃, tan 𝜃?

 ℎ𝑦𝑝 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝑜𝑝𝑝
a. , , c. , ,
𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑜𝑝𝑝 ℎ𝑦𝑝 ℎ𝑦𝑝 ℎ𝑦𝑝 𝑎𝑑𝑗

𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝑎𝑑𝑗 ℎ𝑦𝑝 ℎ𝑦𝑝 𝑎𝑑𝑗

b. , , d. , ,
ℎ𝑦𝑝 ℎ𝑦𝑝 𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝑜𝑝𝑝

ANSWERS:

1. C 6. C

2. A 7. D

3. B 8. A

4. B 9. B

5. C 10. C

READINGS LINK:
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Famous_Theorems_of_Mathematics/Pythagorean_trigonome

tric_identity

https://www.cut-the-knot.org/proofs/sine_cosine.shtml

https://www2.clarku.edu/faculty/djoyce/trig/laws.html

https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/law-of-sines

https://www.toppr.com/guides/maths/circles/tangents-to-the-circle/

https://www.sophia.org/concepts/pythagorean-theorem-of-cotangent-and-cosecant

https://www.dummies.com/education/math/geometry/how-to-use-the-secant-secant-

power-theorem/