The Impact of Public Transportation to the 1st Year Engineering Student of

Adamson University Manila S.Y. 2019-2020

A Partial Fulfillment

Presented for the Science Technology and Society Course

of

Adamson University

Mark Sherwin M. Ortilano

Edvibon M. Domingo

Gwend Rose Manapsal

 November 2019

Chapter 1

Introduction

Background of the Study

Transportation is an integral part of modern life. According to Kumari et al. (2010) and Rehrl et al (2007),
a good transportation network is one of every modernized city’s initial priorities because today’s
modern society needs mobility in every aspects of life. Everyday people need to go to work, children
need to go to school, and products need to reach the other end of the supply chain. However, because
of the continuous population growth in the world, transportation network are unceasingly being
congested.

The Philippines, the second most populous country in Southeast Asia, face a serious transportation
problem. Nearly 50% of its 88 million people live in urban areas, creating a challenge for policymakers to
ensure citizens quality of life.

Every day, there are thousands of vehicles roaming around the Metro Manila’s busy thoroughfare,
many of them busy ferrying commuters to school, work or some other appointment. Knowing how
increasingly difficult it can be to get ride as a commuter.

Public transit (also called public transportation, public transport, mass transit and urban transit) includes
various transport services available to the general public including vanpools, buses, trains, ferries, and
their variations. These services can play various roles in a modern transport system and provide various
benefits, including direct benefits to users and indirect benefits that result if transit helps reduce
automobile travel or create more compact.

In Adamson University, public transportation is widespread. This is especially through among college
students of the said institution. As such, it is safe to say that the popularity of the public transportation
somehow affects the way of life of students.

General Statement of the Study

The study seeks to determine the impact of public transportation to the 1st year Engineering student of
Adamson University Manila, S.Y. 2019-2020.
Specifically, the study focuses on the following objectives:

1. To determine the most way of transportation.

1.1 Public Transportation
 1.2 Private Transportation
2. To evaluate the time respondent’s consume on public transportation per day ( in terms of
hour/s)
3. To calculate the amount of money the respondent’s spend for public transportation (per week)
4. To determine the disadvantages of public transportation.
5. To determine the advantages of public transportation.

Importance of the Study

This Research about “The impact of Public Transportation to the 1st year Engineering Student of
Adamson University Manila” will be useful because the readers will be knowledgeable about commuting
and driving and the impact of it. Through this research, researcher can help the parents understand their
children who are commuting.

This study should be able to add important knowledge on the impact of public transportation among
other students.

Through this research, the researcher can help the government understand their citizen’s needs and
wants and find ways or solution to it.

Scope and Delimitations

The main purpose of this research was to know the impact of Public Transportation to the 1st Year
Engineering Student of Adamson University. It only used the 1st year Engineering Students as
respondents of the study and only thirty-three (33) 1st year Engineering students were chosen.

The study was limited to determining the impact of Public of Transportation to the 1st Year Engineering
Student of Adamson University Manila S.Y. 2019-2020. It does not intend to provide solutions to the
problem the younger generations face when it comes to public transportation.

Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

Related Literature

The National Household Travel Survey (NHTS, 2009) notes that the average vehicle occupancy of private
cars is only 1.55 persons. The World Bank’s Implementation Completion and Results Report (2011) notes
that the average jeepney occupancy is 10.6 people and bus occupancy is 43.4 people. These statistics
illustrate the big difference in numbers of people transported with almost the same road space used.

According to Buhaug and Urdal et al. (2013) increased in population has caused an increase demands for
mobility. If the transport infrastructure is not capable of meeting the demands, this causes an increase
in waiting times and congestion in public transport and streets.

According to Akinyemi et al. (1997) that sustainable mobility requires, among other things, acceptable
levels of environment impacts and costs of development and operation of transportation system etc.
three main inferences can be made from these ideas. The first inference is that sustainable mobility is
significantly transportation supply dependent. The better and more sustainable the supply
characteristics of a transportation system, higher will be the level of mobility of peoples. The second
inference is that current levels of people mobility in many developing cities can be said to be low and
unsustainable largely because of inadequate transportation supply characteristics. The inadequacy of
transportation supply in many countries manifests mainly through inadequate public transportation
services, low productivity and level of ride ability of facilities and high level of transportation related
environmental impacts.

According to Kenyon et al. (2003), many governments worldwide have been pushing for the so-called
“modal shift” to solve this problem and reduce the number of vehicles clogging up road networks, i.e.,
by enticing citizens to shift away from mainly using private transportation modes to using public
transportation modes.

Conceptual Framework

The research points out that there are many impact of Public Transportation to the 1st Year Engineering
Student of Adamson University Manila S.Y. 2019-2020. Studies have been conducted evaluating the
impact of the Public Transportation.

Research Paradigm

The Impact of Public Transportation to the 1st Year

Engineering Student of Adamson University Manila
S.Y. 2019-2020.
 A Brief Orientation and Questionnaire on the 1st
Year Engineering Student of Adamson University
Manila S.Y. 2019-2020
- Regarding the Impact of Public Transportation

Uncovering the Impact of Public Transportation

that the 1st Year Engineering Student of Adamson
University Manila Experienced from it.

Fig.1

Input, Process, Output

As an input, the researcher gathered all the information about the impact of Public Transportation
among the selected 1st Year Engineering students.

To carry out the study, the researcher conducted a brief orientation with the topic and provided a
questionnaire with the said students.

As a result, the researcher discovered the impact of Public Transportation among the students.

Definition of Terms

Public Transportation - Public transportation is a form of travel offered locally that enables more people
to travel together along designated routes.

Ferries -a merchant vessel used to carry passengers, and sometimes vehicles and cargo, across a body of
water.
Mobility -the ability to move or be moved freely and easily.

Congested - so crowded with traffic or people as to hinder freedom of movement.

Commuter -a person who travels some distance to work on a regular basis.

Chapter 3
Methods of Study and Sources of Data

The Research Design

The researcher utilized descriptive research in this study. Socio-demographics were utilized to the
respondents in order to get their profile (e.g. name and section).

Locale of the Study

The participants of this study were chosen from Adamson University Manila.

Population/Sampling

In this research, convenience sampling was utilized as the sampling method. The respondents were
handpicked by the researcher and therefore have some certain knowledge about the given topic.

Respondents

Thirty-three (33) 1st Year students from College of Engineering Department were chosen as respondents
in this study.

Instrumentation

For the purpose of this research, a questionnaire was used to ask questions. The objectives of this study
were explained first to the respondents therefore honest answers were obtained. The questionnaire has
portions detailing the socio-demographic profile of the senior high school students (e.g., name and
section).

Administration of Instrument

The researcher conducted a brief orientation regarding the topic and set instructions on how to answer
the questionnaire. The respondents were given fifteen (15) minutes to answer the questionnaire to
ensure the accuracy of their answers.

Statistical Treatment Data collection were classified, tabulated, and coded for analysis using sample
descriptive statistics such as frequency counts and percentage. The percentage was computed by using
the formula below:
 𝐹
%= x 100
𝑛

Where,
F = Frequency (no. of respondents who chose the given data)
n = Total number of Respondents
Chapter 4
Presentation, Analyses, and Interpretation of Data

Data Presentation and Analyses

30.3030303
BSME
10

24.24242424
BSIE
8 Percentage

15.15151515 No. of Respondent's

BSEE (frequency)
5

30.3030303
BSCE
10

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Fig.2
Profile of the Respondents

Fig. 2 tabulated the respondents of the study in terms of programs. Results indicated that thirty three
(33) respondents were utilized in this research, particularly BSME and BSCE, holding the largest number
of respondents at ten (10) and a percentage of 30.30%; followed by BSIE with eight(8) respondents and
BSEE at 5.
 Public Transportation or Private
Transportation

Public Transportaion
Private Transportation

30

Fig. 3
Public Transportation or Private Transportation?

Figure 3 tabulated the popularity of Public Transportation or Private Transportation among the
respondents. Public Transportation acquired a large frequency of 30 and a percentage of 90.90%
compared to Private Transportation which only ended up with a frequency of three (3) and a percentage
of 9.09%. It is notable that this portion of the research significantly determined that Public
Transportation is far more popular than the other game mentioned in this study.
 Time Consume on Public Transportation per
day (in terms of hour/s)
0 2

1 hour
2-5 hours
6-10 hours
more than 10 hours
Others

22

Fig. 4

Time Consume on Public Transportation per day (in terms of hour/s)

Figure 4 shows the time consumed by the students commuting Public Transportation. This table shows
that majority of the respondents spend at least 2-5 hours a day, which is rated at 66.66%. An average of
2-5 hours a day is significantly long, which could have been spent in doing other useful activities.
 Money Spent in Public Transportation (per
week)
16

14

12
50-100 pesos
10 200-300 pesos
8 400-500 pesos

6 more than 500 pesos

Others
4

Fig. 5
Money Spent in Public Transportation (per week)

In terms of the financial aspect of commuting Public Transportation, Fig 5 clearly showed that students
usually spend between 200-300 pesos per week. As students being dependent on allowances, it can be
noted that majority of students take away at least 200-300 pesos per week from their school allowances
just so they could go on their school, meetings, and other activities. Such amount already formed as
among the basic expenses of students per week.

Table 1.Disadvantages of Public Transportation

Disadvantages Have Experienced Have NOT Experienced

You’ll spend more time 30 3

commuting
You may end up stuck on 29 4
campus or late to class
Harassment and negative 8 25
Experiences
Discomfort and overcrowding 26 7
Differing standards 11 22

Public transport is almost never 15 18

door to door
Tables 1 showed the disadvantages of Public Transportation that did /did not happen to the students.
It was showed that thirty (30) or 90.90% of students had more time commuting and three (3) or 9.09%
did not. This was followed by end up stuck on campus or late to class with twenty nine (29) frequency
or 87.87% to those who have experienced it, and four (4) or 12.12% to those who have not. Other
Harassment and negative experiences Discomfort and overcrowding, differing standards, Public
transport is almost never door to door disadvantages such as were also measured. These disadvantages
come alongside their frequencies as shown in the above table.

Table 2. Advanatages of Public Transportation

Advanatages Have experienced Have NOT experienced

Less expensive 14 19

You can study or complete 8 25

assignments during your
commute
Added safety 8 25

A benefit to the society 16 17

Promotes equality 12 21

Reduce pollution 5 28

Tables 2 showed the advantages of Public Transportation that student have/have not experienced.
The following advantages were tabulated with two (2) options “have experienced” and “have NOT
experienced” alongside their respective frequencies and percentages, respectively. It was found out that
fourteen (14) or 42.42% have experienced less expensive, while nineteen (19) or 57.57% have not. This
was followed by other advantages such you can study or complete assignments during your commute
that obtained eight (8) or 24.24% and added safety also got the same result, benefit to the society
which is sixteen (16) or 48.48% and seventeen (17) or 51.51% have not, promotes equality obtained
twelve (12) or 36.36% and twenty one (21) or 63.63% have not, and finally, reduce pollution obtained
with a frequency of five (5) or 15.15% and twenty eight (28) or 84.84%, respectively have not.

Summary Findings
Out of the thirty-three (33) respondents from Adamson University, program of BSCE and BSME has the
highest number of respondents with a frequency of ten (10) getting 30.30 % of the total sample
population. Second in rank was BSIE with eight (8) respondents and a percentage of 24.24% while BSIE
had the least number of respondents with only five (5) students, which equated to 15.15% of the total
sample population.
In terms of the most type and famous mode of transportation, Public Transportation that got the
greatest number with a frequency of thirty (30) or 90.90% that outnumbered Private transportation,
which only got three (3) or 9.09%. Thus, making public transportation the most played game.

It was also found out that the majority of the respondents spend at least 2-5 hours a day on commuting
public transportation, which is rated at 66.66%.

Most of the students usually spend between 200-300 pesos a week with a frequency of fourteen (14) or
42.42% of the total population.

Disadvantages of public transportation were first analyzed in the research. The respondents were asked
five (5) possible disadvantages to identify if they have experienced it or not. Among the eight
disadvantages, majority of the respondents have experienced that public transportation made them
spend more time commuting, which garnered 90.90%, while only 9.09% have claimed they have not. It
was also concluded that respondents may end up stuck on campus or late to class, which garnered
87.87%, while only 12.12% did not experience it. Furthermore, the public transportation had caused
harassment and negative effects among the respondents as it was showed that 24.24% had
experienced. It was also mentioned that 78.78% have experienced discomfort and overcrowding while
21.21% have not experienced it. In terms of differing standards, respondents who have experienced
garnered 33.33and those who have not were 66.66%. Other disadvantages such as students experienced
public transportation is never door to door garnered 45.45% and did not garner 54.54% were also
discussed.

Advantages of the public transportation were also incorporated in the research.

Respondents were asked five (5) possible advantages to identify if they experienced it or not.
Among the five advantages, majority of the respondents have experienced that public transportation is
a benefit to the society, which garnered 48.48%, while only 51.51% claimed that they have not
experienced it. Secondly, the public transportation is less expensive which fall at 42.42% of the
respondents. In terms of can study or complete assignments during commute and added safety, were
both garnered 24.24% and 75.75% have not experienced it. The other advantage of the public
transportation is to reduce pollution which garnered only 15.15% and 84.84% did not.

Chapter 5
Conclusions and Recommendations

Conclusion

It was showed that Public transportation clearly outnumbered Private transportation as the mode of
commuting among the students. The study was able to identify among Majority of the students said that
it is a benefit to the society as well as it brought less expensive and promotes equality. However, it
spends more time commuting. But, it was mentioned that public transportation somehow added safety
and they can study or complete assignments during commute. However, majority of the respondents
became used to end up stuck on campus or late in class and experienced discomfort and overcrowding.
It was also explored that students experienced that public transportation is never door to door and
experienced differing standards. Some of the respondents also experienced harassment. By playing
public transportation, some of the respondents said that it helps to reduce pollution.

Recommendations

This research focused on Public Transportation, Public transportation is duly recommended to supply
more knowledge on the subject.

The researcher recommends this study to parents whose child/children is/are fond of commuting. The
details provided in this research can somehow help them in understanding their children’s perspectives
towards the public transportation, and can also aid them in their lives.

The researcher also recommends this to school teachers who are dealing with huge variety of students
that are involved in using public transportation. This paper can help them on understanding their
students more, and provide them guidance on how to balance.

This study should also be able to further impart knowledge towards public transportation to future
researchers and other forums concerning the topic of public transportation especially among the high
school students.

Lastly, the researcher also recommends this study as a reference for future studies with similar topics.

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Online Sources
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Name: _________________________________

Section: ________________________________

Note:
This questionnaire comprises five (5) questions and each of these pertains to public transportation.
Encircle your answers and/or if necessary specify your preferred answer on the given blanks below.
Please answer the following questions with complete honesty. You have fifteen (15) minutes to answer
this questionnaire. Thank you for taking time in answering the survey and God bless.

1. Select the transportation mode you do. (If both, choose the one you do the most)
a. Public Transportation
b. Private Transportation
2. State the time you consume on public transportation per day. (in terms of hour/s)
a. 1 hour
b. 2-5 hours
c. 6-10 hours
d. more than 10 hours
e. others(specify): ____________________

3. State how much money you spend on public transportation. The choices below are your
expenses per week.
a. 50-100 pesos a week
b. 200-300 pesos a week
c. 400-500 pesos a week
d. more than 500 pesos a week
e. others(specify): _____________________

5. Identify any disadvantages or negative effects of public transportation that have occurred
or happened to you.
Kindly make sure that all boxes are filled:
Put an (✔) mark for items that you HAVE experienced it
Put an (☓) mark for items that you HAVE NOT experienced it

You’ll Spend More Time Commuting

You May End Up Stuck on Campus or Late to Class

Harassment and Negative Experiences

Discomfort and Overcrowding

Differing Standards

Public transport is almost never door-to-door

6. Identify any advantages or negative effects of public transportation that have occurred
or happened to you.
Kindly make sure that all boxes are filled:
Put an (✔) mark for items that you HAVE experienced it
Put an (☓) mark for items that you HAVE NOT experienced it

Less Expensive

You Can Study or Complete Assignments During Your Commute

Added Safety

A Benefit to Society

Promotes equality

Reduce Pollution

__________________________

Signature of the Respondent