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Annotated Bibliography

Introduction:
I am writing about child illiteracy rates and the long term effects it has on people’s lives.
There are 775 million people in the world that are illiterate and people don’t realize how much
they are being affected because they can’t do basic skills like reading. This project means a lot to
me personally because my mom is a special education teacher and half the kids in her school are
illiterate. It is important that people know how to improve illiteracy rates and why it is so
important

HERALD, G. P. (2013, February 1). Child literacy: a looming crisis in Utah


County. Retrieved from https://www.heraldextthe compounding of life's problems for
poorra.com/news/local/education/child-literacy-a-looming-crisis-in-utah-county/article_8
44a43e6-1334-11e1-a8ef-001cc4c002e0.html.

In her 2011 article, “ Child Literacy: a looming crisis in Utah County,” Genelle Pugmire, writer
for the Daily Herald magazine, raises awareness to illiterate children and how their lives are
being affected by the simple knowledge of reading. Pugmire explains how the illiteracy problem
needs to be addressed at a national level. She states, “ the compounding of life's problems for
poor readers and its inevitable drain on society has now risen to the level of a national
emergency.” After Pugmire says this, the article goes on to elaborate more on how a nation as a
whole can help fix this problem. She concludes her article by using factual evidence to back up
her opinions and solutions to the illiterate problem that she believes is damaging the children’s
future today.

Pugmire uses ethos,logos, and pathos to her advantage in this article to effectively raise
awareness to the illiterate situation going on in Utah. Pugmire is speaking specifically to parents
and adults in her article, as a call to action. Pugmire is trying to convince her readers that there is
an illiterate problem in Utah and people should be trying to fix it. The article does effectively
connect to it’s audience as it talks about the solution to the parent’s children’s future. The author
uses graphs, tables, and statistics to use logos to her advantage to effectively convince the reader
of the problem. She also connects with the audience through pathos as she begins her article with
a heartwarming story about a young girl who prefers reading over toys. This source is very
helpful to my research because it provides factual evidence on the illiteracy problems in Utah
and helps my argument.

10, 390, & 65354. (2017, April 3). 18 Reasons the U.S. Education System is Failing. Retrieved
from https://www.theedadvocate.org/10-reasons-the-u-s-education-system-is-failing/.
In his April 2017 article, “ 18 Reasons the education system is failing,” written for The Advocate
,Matthew Lynch provides vivid detail on the education system and how it is affecting children
today. Lynch elaborates on how parents affect their child's education because of their lack of
involvement in the child's life. ​ Lynch says,“​There must, inevitably, be some interaction outside
school hours. Of course, students at a socio-economic disadvantage often struggle in school,
particularly if parents lack higher levels of education.​ ​“ This is just one of the 18 reasons the
system is slacking as Lynch goes on into full elaboration about the education system. His short
article raises awareness to the education system and the effects it has on our children’s future.

Lynch’s article helps me connect to child illiteracy rates because it raises awareness to the
education system and why children aren’t developing the reading skills they need. His viewpoint
is that the education system is failing and needs to be changed. Lynch’s audience are people who
are looking for a change in the education system which ties into my project. The article is very
credible to the audience because it provides factual evidence to prove it’s point to the people
reading.This article is very reliable and is very effective for my research. I am able to use this
article for reasons why illiteracy rates are so low and why we need to change our education
system. The author uses logos heavily to their advantage to provide factual evidence to support
his claim about the educational system.

Rissa, Hafidha, Dalby-Sto, R., Ellinikos, G., & Reissman, C. (2019, October 17). 11 Ways
Parents Can Help Their Children Read. Retrieved from
https://www.readingrockets.org/blogs/shanahan-literacy/11-ways-parents-can-help-their-
children-read.

Timothy Shanahan, author of the 2015 article, “ 11 Ways Parents Can Help Their
Children Read,” writes about eleven different ways parents can help their children's
literacy skills increase. Shanahan explains the importance of children being able to read
and elaborates and how parents can help their kids. He describes how easy teaching
children to read can be which helps the reader understand what they need to make an
impact on their child’s education. He says , “ Literacy involves reading and writing.
Having books and magazines available for your child is a good idea, but it’s also helpful
to have pencils, crayons, markers, and paper.” He provides more than just this one
specific example but multiple to elaborate o​n the solution. ​As you read these eleven
specific examples the reader can follow Shanahan’s advice and learn more ways to help
children read.
This article helps me in my article because one of my specific solutions to the illiteracy
problems are the parents. The main purpose of his argument is to convince the reader that
parents have a huge impact on their children's education and provides multiple
solutions.This gives me eleven different points I can bring up and elaborate on to further
my argument. The author is speaking specifically to parents as he is trying to reach out to
them to make a difference in their reading skills. Shanahan is credible as he sites other
resources he uses at the end of the article to further his argument. TThe author relies
heavily on ethos by establishing his credibility in the first paragraph by explaining his
background as a literacy expert.

Phillips, L., & Harris, P. (2018, September 4). How to encourage literacy in young
children (and beyond). Retrieved from
https://theconversation.com/how-to-encourage-literacy-in-young-children-and-beyond-80459.

In the 2018 article “How to encourage literacy in young children and beyond,” Phillips L
lists multiple ways on how people can learn to read in their own homes. Phillips starts his
article by providing research facts about child illiteracy. As the article goes on he
elaborates on multiple different ways parents at home can help their illiterate children
learn to read. He furthers his argument by explaining different sources to use to help the
children.
This article helps me with my project as I come up with my solutions on how
people can help illiteracy rates in their own homes. The viewpoint of this article is
illiteracy rates are low and there are multiple ways to fix it.The audience of this article
are parents to help their children to read. The author relies heavily on ethos at the
beginning of the article by stating facts and research to prove the illiteracy rates are high.
He also uses pathos to connect with the audience as parents. This source is credible to the
audience because it’s main focus is on the parents and how they can help their children.

The Importance of Literacy. (n.d.). Retrieved from


https://projectliteracy.ca/about/the-importance-of-literacy/.

In the 2011 article “ The Importance of Literacy,” the Central Okanagan Center writes
about the effects of illiteracy and why it is so important. The COC explains how being
illiterate effects life in the workplace, socially, and economically. They conclude the
article by explaining the effects of not only a large community but individuals and their
lifestyle.
This article helps me with my presentation by connecting to my audience through
pathos by explaining the long term effects of child illiteracy. The viewpoint of this article
is that illiteracy has a lot of negative effects on people. The audience is everyone because
it affects every person no matter age or other facts. The author relies equally on logos and
pathos. They connect to the authors emotions by informing them about the negative
effects it has on a personal level. They also use a lot of facts to back up their argument
and appeal to logos. This source is credible because it provides information that can
benefit the audience through many ways.

Conclusion:
I have identified different perspectives on child illiteracy, some people feel that there is
no way child illiteracy can be fixed in their own homes as parents. Others strongly
believe that child illiteracy solely depends on the parent’s relationship with their child
and the work they are putting in to help them read.I have also found that people believe
there are no practical solutions to helping children other than through classroom
teachings.There is so much work that needs to be done to help children read and many
solutions that need action. All these sources provide different ways and insights of how
child illiteracy can be helped and solved. There are many opinions about child illiteracy,
but overall people should be taking action to increase literacy rates.

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