Mobile Technology Evolution

Future Perspectives

Kostas Vasiliou
Radio Systems Senior Manager
Technology / Vodafone Greece
March 2010

Mobile technology Evolution

1 29 March 2010
Traffic & Customer Evolution Trends
500
• Worldwide cellular customers, 3,8
400

Traffic per customer

billions, over 5 billions in 2015 !!!

(MB per month)

300 Data services
• Average user traffic (voice and VoIP
200
data) is growing exponentially. Circuit-switched voice

100

Western Europe 2003 2009 2015

0
Cellular customers (millions) 321,1 546,5 611*

2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Average user traffic (MB per month) 14 62,8 454,2
Circuit-switched voice 96,7% 21,9% 2,8% 500
VoIP 0% 0,1% 1%

Traffic per customer

400
Data services 77,7% 96,2%

(MB per month)

3,3%
Basic mobiles
USB modems as % of all devices 0 6,3% 14,8% 300
Smartphones
Smartphones as % of all devices 0,5% 6,4% 16,5%
200 USB modems
Basic phones as % of all devices 99,5% 87,3% 68,7%

100
•Boom of data services fueled by
increase in USB modems and 0

2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Smartphones
[Source: Analysis Mason, 2008]

2 Mobile Technology Evolution 29 March 2010

Current Mobile Networks Architecture

HLR
CS Domain
MSC-S PSTN
MSC
PLMN
MGW

HSS
UTRAN
RNC IN
IMS Domain Prepay Platforms
CSCF Service
Node b
Domain
AS SMS

SGSN GGSN WAP GW

GSM RAN BSC

Internet
SGSN
BTS
IPC
PS Domain

– Radio Network: Separate 2G / 3G layers

– Core Network: Common 2G/3G 3GPP R4 splitted architecture
– Transmission Network Microwave & Fibre Optic
Transport Network L1 & L2: DWDM & NG-DWDM, SDH & NG-SDH, PDH,
L2 & L3: IP/MPLS
– Value Added Services Network
3 Mobile Technology Evolution 29 March 2010
 Transport Network Technology Evolution – Physical Medium
• Microwave Transmission & Transport Network
• Boom in data services (HSPA+ / LTE) drives the need
for Fiber Optic deployment in Backhaul and even in
Access layer.
•Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
technology evolves from nx2.5/10/40Gbps and soon to
nx100Gbps per fiber pair.
• NG-DWDM incorporating L2 functionality is already a
reality.
• Passive Optical Network (PON) and NG-PON in the
Access network permitting to further increase capacity
by providing 1 Gbps connectivity for each customer
expected to be available soon.

4 Mobile Technology Evolution 29 March 2010

 Transport Network Technology Evolution – From TDM to IP

• Circuit Switching – TDM technology

• Started with PDH over Microwave
(up to 140 Mbps)
• Continued with SDH over Metro Access Metro Core/Aggregation Core/Backbone
Microwave n x 155 Mbps (n usually
up to 6) Mobile

• Evolving to SDH and NG-SDH over BTS/NB MWR 1GE core

router
core
router
Fiber HSPA
BRAS

1GE
• 2.5 Gbps and 10 Gbps Business MSAN
10/40G 10/40G

• Support of Ethernet services nx 10/40G 10/40/(100)G per

(mapped over TDM networks) 1GE λ

10G per
• Packet Switching – IP technology λ (OTU2)
1GE/
Residential 10GE
• Using mainly IP/MPLS both in the OLT (PON)
nx 10/40G

core and in the Backhaul parts of the 1GE

nx 10
GE
nx 10
GE

pWDM
network.
1GE
MSAN
per λ NG- NG-
• Carrier Ethernet also an option for 1GE CET CET

pWDM
HGW Video
server
backhauling purposes. pWDM

• Trying to handle the packet traffic

explosion and the strain in the
Backhaul networks.

5 Mobile Technology Evolution 29 March 2010

 Network Technology & Data Throughput Evolution
LTE+
1Gbps
Throughput
LTE 64QAM
150Mbps
64QAM

HSPA+
84Mbps
4G
HSPA 64QAM OFDMA
14.4Mbps
16QAM
16QAM
UMTS EDGE+
384kbps
3G
1Mbps
QPSK
16QAM
CDMA
EDGE
GPRS 240kbps 2G QPSK
8PSK
48kbps TDMA
GMSK

6 Mobile Technology Evolution 29 March 2010

 HSPA Technology Evolution
…
HSPA+ 64QAM MIMO
84 Dual Carrier

Higher Efficiency & Faster 42 HSPA+ 64 QAM Dual Carrier

User Experience
28.8 HSPA+ MIMO

21.6 HSPA+ 64QAM

Mobile Broadband Devices

14.4 HSPA 15 Codes, 16 QAM

7.2 HSPA 10 Codes, 16 QAM

3.6 HSPA 5 Codes, 16 QAM

HSUPA : 1.44 / 2 / 5.76 / 11.5 / 23 Mbps

7 Mobile Technology Evolution 29 March 2010
 Fixed Broadband Technology Evolution

8 Mobile Technology Evolution 29 March 2010

Long Term Evolution (LTE)
Next Generation Mobile Network

LTE Main Performance Objectives

Downlink data rates : 150 Mbps – 1Gbps

Uplink data rates : 50 Mbps – 500 Mbps

Low delay / latency
 User plane <20 ms (3G/HSPA+ 40 ms, 2G GPRS/EDGE ~400ms)
 Channel set up <100 ms

High spectral efficiency (~5.6/2 Bps/Hz/site for DL/UL: almost double that of HSPA+)

High performance broadcast and interactive services

Cost effective migration

9 Mobile Technology Evolution 29 March 2010

LTE Driving Forces

Ultra high data throughputs, fast user network interaction

Large network capacity & cost effective capacity upgrade

Low cost to deploy & operate (OPEX/CAPEX)

Simple operation & network reconfiguration

Full interoperability & long term integration with legacy 2G/3G network
systems.

High spectral efficiency

10 Mobile Technology Evolution 29 March 2010

 LTE Spectrum Structure

Efficient Spectrum Management

Flexible spectrum allocation:
time frequency
variable steps, 1,4 Mhz to 20 Mhz
downlink: OFDMA

High efficiency ODFMA modulation,
• multiple long symbols parallel
64 QAM. • frequency/time scheduling
• robust to multi path interference

FDD and TDD access.

Multiple frequency band support.

Spectrum Band UHF

900 1.8/2.1 2600 time frequency
Options 800
MHz GHz MHz
MHz
uplink: SC-FDMA
• simple transmitter
• improved coverage
• single short symbol

11 Mobile Technology Evolution 29 March 2010

 LTE System Architecture

Advanced Smart Antenna Solutions

MIMO 2x2 / 4x4

Transmit & Receive diversity

Beam forming

Active antenna concept

S1-C
Evolved UTRAN System Architecture MME Pool
Mobility Management Entity

No CS domain eNB S1-C
S1-C (Cellular Control)

All-IP transport X2
S1-U

Flat architecture S1-C S1-C

Single RAN 2G/3G/LTE combined eNB X2 S1-U

Self optimized / configured (SON) S1-U
S1-C
X2
S1-U
S1-C Signalling
S1-U S-GW
S1-U User Traffic Serving Gateway
X2 Handover (User Plane)
eNB S1-U

12 Mobile Technology Evolution 29 March 2010

 New Era in Products / Services
Mobile Internet & Smartphones

Smartphones are devices based on advanced software platforms (Open OS) delivering best
in class mobile internet experience and advanced features. Platforms like Limo, Apple,
Android, Symbian and Windows Mobile are the most popular.

Operating
System
(OS)

Music, Navigation, Games, Application Shop, Social Networking, Email

Services

13 Mobile Technology Evolution 29 March 2010

 Mobile Services Evolution

• Converged PC/ Mobile/ Internet. From ON-NET “walled garden”

portals to Mobile Internet Off-Net area

• From SMS & MMS communication silos to

IM/Presense/360 & Social Networking era

•From plain&vertical content stores to all-in-one

stores (applications/games/music/e-book/e-
paper) with PC(netbook)-Mobile auto
converging capabilities.

• Mobile advertising hooked up with location, CRM

information & social networking adds a considerable
advantage to this new media channel.
• From traditional IVR applications to mobile avatars
14 Mobile Technology Evolution 29 March 2010
 Mobile Services Evolution

• Converging Web2.0 world with Mobile Operator’s environment.

• Altering the mobile reality by mixing interactivity and

mobility, boosts mobile services to the next level with
applied Mixed and Augmented Reality apps (ie create new
virtual interactive objects enhancing mobile cam feed with
real-time data, such as client from layar.com etc.)
• From traditional mobile banking to mobile wallets/micro
payments
15 Mobile Technology Evolution 29 March 2010
 Greek Mobile Market Economics

• In 2008 the revenue from mobile services

reached ~€4,7 billions…
… accounting for ~1,9% of the national GDP

• Mobile operators make ~ €0,5 billions of investments annually whereas

the investments up to date have reached ~ €5,5 billions…
… which support a market that maintains ~28000 job positions (~7000
job positions in mobile operators)

Source EEKT: December 2009

16 Mobile Technology Evolution 29 March 2010
 Future Perspectives & Challenges

Mobile data traffic explosion driven by advanced mobile terminals and

bandwidth hungry applications.

Offer customers cost effective high quality mobile broadband services.

Next generation network deployments imperative to efficiently manage
huge traffic demand and cost challenges.

17 Mobile Technology Evolution 29 March 2010

 Thank you !!!

18 Mobile Technology Evolution 29 March 2010