CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This section of the study presents the review of related literature and

studies of local and foreign countries which will add more relevance and depth of the

research study.

Related Theories

In determining the concepts of this research, the study comes up with different

theories. The theories could be used are connectivism theory, constructivism theory, E-

learning theory, Intrinsic Motivation theory, Social cognitive theory and ARCS Theory.

Connectivism theory ( Downea,2010) It is a learning theory that explains how internet

technologies have created new opportunities for people to learn and share information

across the world wide and among themselves. In connectivist learning, a teacher will

guide students to information and answer key questions as needed in order to support

students learning and sharing on their own. Students are also encouraged to seek out

information on their own online and express what they found (Siemens, 2005). Added to,

through constructivism theory, students are encouraged to explore an aspect of something

that they haven't tried. Through supportive questioning teachers can make the students to

communicate what they're thinking and why. ( Bell, 2009).

E-learning theory ( Mayer and Moreno,2003). It describe how electronic educational

technology can be used and designed to promote effective learning, computer characters

can help reinforce by narrating the lesson pointing out important features or illustrating

examples for the learners. Technology helps breaking down long lessons and passages

into shorter ones helps promote deeper learning. More effective when relevant

information is presented closely together. Relevant text should placed close to graphics

and feedback and responses should come closely to any awareness that the learned gives (

Mayer, 1997)

On the other hand the theory of intrinsic motivation ( Schank, Meece and Pintich 2014).

Intrinsic motivation is recognized as an important contributor to e-learning can influence

what, when and how we learn. Motivation strategies can be incorporated into

instructional design for e-learning (Dick and Carey 2009). Technology and thoughtful

implemetation can bridge much of the galp, instructional designers can incorporated

features into their design by emphasizing elements specifically designed to motivate e-

learners. It leads to better persistence and conceptual learning than does providing them

with an extrinsic goal ( Zimmerman, B., Schunk, D. 1989).

Social Cognitive theory ( Bandura, 2008). Says that human learn best by observing

others. The use of both audio and visual in online learning is capable of recreating

experience. The virtual classroom technology supports this function by allowing real-

time collaboration. By adding gamit ovation features including learning paths, scores,
badges, and certificate to online learning. It is an excellent way to inspire learners. This

improves the learning experience and make it more engaging. Social learning improves

the chances of success. Some of the social features of e-learning tools include discussion

and group chats.

ARCS Theory (Keller 2009)

Instructional model and focused on motivation. It is important to motivate the learners

and ensure the continuity of the motivation during the instruction. It is important for e-

learning, it can be perceived, as a problem, solving approach to learning that instructional

designers can use to develop even more engaging e-learning activities. Allowing learners

to choose the learning method they find to commit to the e- learning course as it is

strategy that actively engages them in the learning process

Related Studies

According to Rahmawati & Suyanto (2017), the purpose of this research were to

examine the effect of online learning using quipper school platform on students

motivation. The respondents were 25 senior high school student in Godean. Data

collected were motivation questionnaire and post-test. The data were statistically

analyzed by percentage, mean, average correlation test. Based on data analysis, quipper

school was feasible to be used in senior high school students to increase student

motivation.
According to Wijinayu, Hardyanto & Isnaeni (2018), the purpose of this research is to

know the effectiveness of motivation learning method based on quipper school media to

improve students understanding of the concept. The research method used is quasi-

experiment with nonequivalent pretest- posttest control group design. The respondents

are 193 students from sumuwono, samples were taken using systematic sampling

technique. The result of the research is that the motivational learning method based on

quipper school is effective to improve the students understanding of the concept.

According to Sulisworo, Sulistyo and Akhsan (2017), the motivation impact of open

educational resources utilization on physics learning using quipper school app.

The research method used is quasi-experimental design using post test only for control

group design. The result of the study state that it will increase the motivation on the

aspects of attention, relevance and the confidence of the students.

According to Suyanto and Sari (2016), the study aimed at determining the feasibility and

effectiveness of the learning management system quipper school on the topic of immune

system to improve motivation and learning outcomes of students. The total population of

the study is 45 students from grade XI sma negeria 3 Yogyakarta. The research method

used are student motivation questionnaires, a test to measure the learning outcomes and

correlation test. The result showed that the learning management system quipper school
is effective to improve motivation and student learning outcomes. "Motivation to learn is

increasing from the category of medium to very good".

According to Irsan (2016), improving students motivation by using an quipper school

online learning service. The research method used is a quasi-experimental design with

one group pre-test post-test design. The respondents, who were taken systematic random

sampling, were 38 students of grade XI. The result of the data analysis showed that there

was significant effect of the improving students motivation by using quipper school

online learning service.

Guillen (2018), the study aimed to find out the effectiveness of quipper school in the

motivation and enhancement of the reading comprehension in English 8. The research

method used is pre-experimental design and one group pre-test post-test design. The

number of respondents are 30 from grade 9 Colossians. The result find out that quipper

school may be considered as a supplemental strategy to improve the motivation and got

have a high academic performance.

Viray (2016), quipper school and it's effectiveness in the motivation and academic

performance of grade 8 students in English. The research method used are descriptive and

quasi-experimental design. The number of respondents was 41 from experimental group

and 40 students from control group. The result of the study showed that there is a
significant effect of the quipper school to the student motivation of grade 8 student in

english.

Surahmadi (2016), the study aimed to determined the effect of virtual learning based

quipper school to enhance learning motivation and learning outcomes of students in class.

The research method used is quasi-experimental design, multiple time series design. The

sample population are 80 respondents. The result find out that there is a significant effect

of virtual learning based quipper school to enhance learning motivation and learning

outcomes of students in class.

Setyanida (2019), the study aimed to the advantage of using quipper school as a student

motivation for English teaching in junior high school. The research used quasi-

experimental design, time series design. The total respondents are 25. The result showed

that there is a significant advantage of using quipper school as a student motivation for

English teaching. The student have high academic performance.

Salija and Muhayyang (2016), the research aimed on student motivation through quipper

school in EFL classroom. The researcher applied a descriptive quantitative method and

data collection was done by using questionnaire and survey. The sample population are

45 students of negeri Kahu. The finding revealed that there is a significant effect on

students motivation through quipper school in EFL classroom

Related Literature

Quipper School

Quipper school is a website that can be used for facilitate technology-assisted learning. It

is a free online platforms for teachers and students. It consists of two parts: Quipper

school link and Quipper school learn for students.

Quipper school link is where teachers manage their classes online and check students

progress. Here are few of the awesome things that teachers can do using quipper school

link:

Send assignments an practice examination- Draw upon thousands of lesson and quizzes

covering the curriculum to send work to whole classes or groups of students.

Create educational content- If something is missing, teachers can edit the existing content

or create whole new lessons and quiz questions from scratch.

View and downloads analytics- Students progress is instantly synced between learn and

link, giving teachers access to a goldmine of information on their students work rate,

attainment strengths and weaknesses.

Work alone or together- Link is designed to allow a single teacher to work with their

classes, or for collaboration between two or more teachers, in the same classes or school.

Quipper school learn is where students study. It's packed with features that make learning

safe and fun.

Assignments and general study- Students can work on specific topics proscribed by their

teachers or study any part o their curriculum independently.

In-built messaging- Students and teachers can stay in contact with our in-built messaging

service, which allows students to highlight specific questions or topics that they need

assistance with.

Gamified features- Learn rewards students with redeemable coins, allow them to

customize their learning environment and check how their classmates are getting on their

timeline.
Teachers recreate their real life classes online set study task in the form of bite-sized

topics that help their students to progressively build knowledge and receive simple,

digestible analytics pointing out their students progress as they work through the

curriculum.

Quipper school method works in three simple steps:

Step 1. Teachers set tasks online.

Step 2. Students complete their tasks or work in any other part of the curriculum

independently.

Step 3. As students work, teachers instant feedback on student performance.

Motivation

According to Backley (2016), motivation is the process of stimulating people to actions

to accomplish the goals. Their are two types of motivation: Intrinsic motivation and

Extrinsic motivation.
Intrinsic motivation a type of motivation in which an individual is being motivated by

internal desires.

Extrinsic motivation- a type of motivation in which an individual is being motivated by

external desires.

Minor forms of motivation:

Reward-based motivation or Incentive motivation- a type of motivation that is utilized

when you or others know that they will be a reward once a certain goal is achieved. The

better the reward, the stronger the motivation will be.

Fear-based motivation- the word "fear" carries heavy negative meaning but when it

comes to motivation, that is not necessarily the case. Anyone who is big on goal setting

and achievement knows that accountability through on goals. Fear-based motivation is

extremely powerful as long as the fear is strong enough to prevent you from quitting.

Achievement-based motivation- titles, positions and roles throughout jobs an other areas

of our lives are very important to us. Those who are constantly driven to acquire these
positions and earn titles for themselves are typically dealing with achievement based

motivation.

Power-based motivation- a type of motivation that energizes others to seek more control,

typically through the use of positions in employment or organizations.

Affiliation motivation- people often saying that it's not what we do but we know that

dictates our success. For people driven by affiliation motivation, this is most certainly

true. It is a great force to help you achieve your social goals.

Competence motivation- a type of motivation that helps others to push forward and

become more competent in a certain area. It helps when it comes to learning new skills

and figuring out ways around obstacles that she is faced with in.

Attitude motivation- is a kind of motivation that comes to those who intensely desire to

change the way that they see themselves. Goals associated with self-awareness and self-

change will be met with attitude motivation

Hypotheses

This part of research will shows the null and alternative hypotheses that the

researchers come up.

Null Hypotheses

There is no significant effect of web-based learning Quipper school on

student motivation.

Alternative Hypotheses

There is a significant effect of web-based learning Quipper school on student

motivation.

Conceptual Framework

This will shows the graphical representations of the research variables that

the researchers come up.

Learning Quipper School Student Motivation

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of the Study

Researchers have come up with an idea to identify the effect of web-based

learning Quipper school on student motivation at San Roque National High School's

Senior High.

The diagram showed the connection of independent and dependent variables. Learning

Quipper school is the dependent variable while student motivation is the independent

variable.
Definition of Terms

This part showed the definition that the researchers finds out based on the

research. The researchers used operational to define every term.

E-learning. An online education defined as the self-paced of training and education over

the Internet to an end-user device at San Roque National High School Paombong,

Bulacan.

Extrinsic Motivation. Which an individual is being motivated by external desires at San

Roque National High School Paombong, Bulacan.

Information and communication technology (ICT). Refers to technologies that provide

access to information through telecommunications at San Roque National High School

Paombong, Bulacan.

Intrinsic Motivation. Which an individual is being motivated by internal desires at San

Roque National High School Paombong, Bulacan.

Motivation. A process of stimulating people to actions to accomplish the goals at San

Roque National High School Paombong, Bulacan.

Quipper School. A system used to support teaching and learning activities known as

learning management and a website that can be used for facilitate technology- assisted

learning at San Roque National High School Paombong, Bulacan.

Quipper School Learn. Where the students study at San Roque National High School

Paombong, Bulacan.

Quipper School Link. Where teachers mange their classes online and check students

progress at San Roque National High School Paombong, Bulacan.

San Roque National High School (SRNHS). Terminology used in San Roque National

High School Paombong, Bulacan.

Senior High School (SHS). A school including grade 11 students at San Roque National

High School Paombong, Bulacan.References

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