Publications about the Emergency Severity Index

Updated September, 2016

The following publications describe research, implementation and/or recommendations about the
ESI as a tool for emergency department triage:

2016

Christ, M., Bingisser, R., & Nickel, C.H. (2016). Emergency triage. An overview. Deutsche medizinische
Wochenschrift, 141(5), 329-335. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-109126

Dugas, A.F., Kirsch, T.D., Toerper, M., Korley, F., Yenokyan, G., France, D., . . . Levin, S. (2016). An
electronic emergency triage system to improve patient distribution by critical outcomes. Journal of
Emergency Medicine, 50(6), 910-918. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.02.026

Ghanbarzehi, N., Balouchi, A., Sabzevari, S., Darban, F., & Khayat, N.H. (2016). Effect of triage
training on concordance of triage level between triage nurses and emergency medical technicians.
Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR, 10(5), Ic05-ic07. doi:
10.7860/jcdr/2016/20328.7866

Gunaydin, Y.K., Çağlar, A., Kokulu, K., Yıldız, C.G., Dündar, Z.D., Akilli, N.B., . . . Cander, B. (2016).
Triage using the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) and seven versus three vital signs. Notfall und
Rettungsmedizin, 19(3), 209-216. doi: 10.1007/s10049-015-0119-4

Hossein Nejad, H., Banaie, M., Seyedhosseini Davarani, S.H., & Khazaeipour, Z. (2016). Evaluation of
the significance of vital signs in the up-triage of patients visiting emergency department from
Emergency Severity Index level 3 to 2. Acta Medica Iranica, 54(6), 366-369.

Krey, J. (2016). Triage in emergency departments. Comparative evaluation of 4 international triage

systems. Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin, 111(2), 124-133. doi:
10.1007/s00063-015-0069-0

Mirhaghi, A., & Christ, M. (2016). The culture of care interfacing internal validity of Emergency
Severity Index. JEN: Journal of Emergency Nursing, 42(4), 297-298. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2016.03.026

Torabi, E., Froehle, C., & Miller, C. (2016). Allowing treatment of a subset of moderate risk patients
in low-acuity areas can eliminate mismatch between demand and segmented capacity. Academic
Emergency Medicine, 23, S129-S130. doi: 10.1111/acem.12974

Torabi, M., Mirafzal, A., Rastegari, A., & Sadeghkhani, N. (2016). Association of triage time Shock
Index, Modified Shock Index, and Age Shock Index with mortality in Emergency Severity Index level 2
patients. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 34(1), 63-68. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.09.014

Torabi, M., Moeinaddini, S., Mirafzal, A., Rastegari, A., & Sadeghkhani, N. (2016). Shock Index,
Modified Shock Index, and Age Shock index for prediction of mortality in Emergency Severity Index
level 3. American Journal of Emergency Medicine. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.07.017

Vigil, J.M., Coulombe, P., Alcock, J., Kruger, E., Stith, S.S., Strenth, C., . . . Cichowski, S.B. (2016).
Patient ethnicity affects triage assessments and patient prioritization in U.S. Department of Veterans
Affairs emergency departments. Medicine, 95(14), 1-7. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000003191
Yuksen, C., Sawatmongkornkul, S., Suttabuth, S., Sawanyawisuth, K., & Sittichanbuncha, Y. (2016).
Emergency Severity Index compared with 4-level triage at the emergency department of
Ramathibodi University Hospital. Asian Biomedicine, 10(2), 155-161. doi: 10.5372/1905-
7415.1002.477

2015

Bazm, A., Khorasani, E., Etemadi, M., & Nadeali, H. (2015). Improving five-level triage form according
to the experts viewpoint; a qualitative study. Bulletin of Emergency and Trauma, 3(1), 16-21. doi:
10.7508/beat.2015.01.003

Costabel, J.P., Battioni, L., Bazán, N., Chiappe, C., Guardia, W., Navarro, C., & Ruiz Diaz, R. (2015).
Triage in cardiovascular emergency services: Validity and usefulness of Emergency Severity Index 4.
CJEM: Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 31(2), 228.e223-228.e224. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.10.031

Elias, P., Damle, A., Casale, M., Branson, K., Churi, C., Komatireddy, R., & Feramisco, J. (2015). A web-
based tool for patient triage in emergency department settings: Validation using the Emergency
Severity Index. JMIR Medical Informatics, 3(2), e23. doi: 10.2196/medinform.3508

Hong, R., Sexton, R., Sweet, B., Carroll, G., Tambussi, C., & Baumann, B.M. (2015). Comparison of
START triage categories to emergency department triage levels to determine need for urgent care
and to predict hospitalization. American Journal of Disaster Medicine, 10(1), 13-21. doi:
10.5055/ajdm.2015.0184

Jordi, K., Grossmann, F., Gaddis, G.M., Cignacco, E., Denhaerynck, K., Schwendimann, R., & Nickel,
C.H. (2015). Nurses' accuracy and self-perceived ability using the Emergency Severity Index triage
tool: A cross-sectional study in four Swiss hospitals. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation
and Emergency Medicine, 23, 62. doi: 10.1186/s13049-015-0142-y

Maleki, M., Fallah, R., Riahi, L., Delavari, S., & Rezaei, S. (2015). Effectiveness of five-level Emergency
Severity Index triage system compared with three-level spot check: An Iranian experience. Archives
of Trauma Research, 4(4), e29214. doi: 10.5812/atr.29214

Mirhaghi, A., Heydari, A., Mazlom, R., & Hasanzadeh, F. (2015). Reliability of the Emergency Severity
Index: Meta-analysis. Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 15(1), e71-77.

Mirhaghi, A., Kooshiar, H., Esmaeili, H., & Ebrahimi, M. (2015). Outcomes for Emergency Severity
Index triage implementation in the emergency department. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic
Research: JCDR, 9(4), Oc04-07. doi: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/11791.5737

Riordan, J., Patrie, J., & Dell, W. (2015). Beyond the Emergency Severity Index, are patient variables
associated with disposition? Academic Emergency Medicine, 22(5), S199. doi: 10.1111/acem.12644

Ro, Y.S., Shin, S.D., Song, K.J., Cha, W.C., & Cho, J.S. (2015). Triage-based resource allocation and
clinical treatment protocol on outcome and length of stay in the emergency department. EMA -
Emergency Medicine Australasia, 27(4), 328-335. doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.12426

Simon, E.L., Kovacs, M., Jia, Z., Hayslip, D., Orlik, K., & Jouriles, N. (2015). A comparison of acuity
levels between 3 freestanding and a tertiary care ED. American Journal of Emergency Medicine,
33(4), 539-541. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.01.021
Vigil, J.M., Alcock, J., Coulombe, P., McPherson, L., Parshall, M., Murata, A., & Brislen, H. (2015).
Ethnic disparities in Emergency Severity Index scores among U.S. Veteran's Affairs emergency
department patients. PLoS One, 10(5), e0126792. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126792

Vigil, J.M., Alcock, J., Coulombe, P., & Strenth, C. (2015). Emergency Severity Index scores differ by
health provider’s gender and patient’s age. Open Anesthesiology Journal, 9, 17-22. doi:
10.2174/1874321801509010017

2014

Bergs, J., Verelst, S., Gillet, J.-B., & Vandijck, D. (2014). Evaluating implementation of the Emergency
Severity Index in a Belgian hospital. JEN: Journal of Emergency Nursing, 40(6), 592-597. doi:
10.1016/j.jen.2014.01.006

Downey, L.V.A., Zun, L.S., & Burke, T. (2014). Comparison of Emergency Nurses Association
Emergency Severity Triage and Australian Emergency Mental Health triage systems for the
evaluation of psychiatric patients. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management, 37(1), 11-19. doi:
10.1097/JAC.0000000000000001

Esmailian, M., Zamani, M., Azadi, F., & Ghasemi, F. (2014). Inter-rater agreement of emergency
nurses and physicians in Emergency Severity Index (ESI) triage. Emergency (Tehran), 2(4), 158-161.
doi: 10.1186/1865-1380-6-36

Grossmann, F.F., Zumbrunn, T., Ciprian, S., Stephan, F.P., Woy, N., Bingisser, R., & Nickel, C.H.
(2014). Undertriage in older emergency department patients - tilting against windmills? PLoS One,
9(8). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106203

Howard, A., Brenner, G.D., Drexler, J., DaSilva, P.A., Schaefer, B., Elischer, J., & Bogust, S. (2014).
Improving the prompt identification of the Emergency Severity Index level 2 patient in triage: Rapid
triage and the registered nurse greeter. JEN: Journal of Emergency Nursing, 40(6), 563-567. doi:
10.1016/j.jen.2014.01.009

Kerkeni, W., Sghaier, N., Bouhamed, C., Ellafi, N., Jabla, R., Yaacoubi, S., & Marghli, S. (2014).
Reliability and validity of the Emergency Severity Index in new setting. Journal of Emergency
Medicine, 46(2), 284-285. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.11.028

Mahmoodian, F., Eqtesadi, R., & Ghareghani, A. (2014). Waiting times in emergency department
after using the Emergency Severity Index triage tool. Archives of Trauma Research, 3(4), e19507. doi:
10.5812/atr.19507

Martin, A., Davidson, C.L., Panik, A., Buckenmyer, C., Delpais, P., & Ortiz, M. (2014). An examination
of ESI triage scoring accuracy in relationship to ED nursing attitudes and experience. JEN: Journal of
Emergency Nursing, 40(5), 461-468. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2013.09.009

Reed, K., Sarin, R.R., Cattamanchi, S., Rifino, J.J., & Ciottone, G. (2014). Comparative analysis of
simple triage and rapid treatment and five-level nursing Emergency Severity Index triage during a
large-scale disaster drill. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 64(4), S45-S46. doi:
10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.07.152
Unmüssig, T., Haberkorn, G., Lehmann, T., & Spirig, R. (2014). Triage with the Emergency Severity
Index — a qualitative evaluation. Pflegewissenschaft, 16(12), 685-691. doi: 10.3936/1278

Villa, S.E., Polevoi, S.K., Maruoka, A., Fee, C., & Weber, E.J. (2014). Decreasing time: Effects of a
streamlined computer-based version of the ESI algorithm on triage time. Academic Emergency
Medicine, 21(5), S297-S298. doi: 10.1111/acem.12365

Viola, D.C., Cordioli, E., Pedrotti, C.H., Iervolino, M., Bastos Neto, A.a.S., Almeida, L.R., . . .
Lottenberg, C.L. (2014). Advanced units: Quality measures in urgency and emergency care. Einstein
(Sao Paulo), 12(4), 492-498. doi: 10.1590/S1679-45082014GS2894

Alpert, E.A., Lipsky, A.M., Hertz, D., Rieck, J., & Or, J. (2013). Simulated evaluation of two triage
scales in an emergency department in Israel. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 20(6), 431-
434. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e32835e2b42

2013

Arya, R., Wei, G., McCoy, J.V., Crane, J., Ohman-Strickland, P., & Eisenstein, R.M. (2013). Decreasing
length of stay in the emergency department with a split Emergency Severity Index 3 patient flow
model. Academic Emergency Medicine, 20(11), 1171-1179. doi: 10.1111/acem.12249

Buschhorn, H.M., Strout, T.D., Sholl, J.M., & Baumann, M.R. (2013). Emergency medical services
triage using the Emergency Severity Index: Is it reliable and valid? JEN: Journal of Emergency
Nursing, 39(5), e55-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2011.11.003

Chonde, S.J., Ashour, O.M., Nembhard, D.A., & Kremer, G.E.O. (2013). Model comparison in
Emergency Severity Index level prediction. Expert Systems with Applications, 40(17), 6901-6909. doi:
10.1016/j.eswa.2013.06.026

Dateo, J. (2013). What factors increase the accuracy and inter-rater reliability of the Emergency
Severity Index among emergency nurses in triaging adult patients? JEN: Journal of Emergency
Nursing, 39(2), 203-207. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2011.09.002

Jafari-Rouhi, A.H., Sardashti, S., Taghizadieh, A., Soleimanpour, H., & Barzegar, M. (2013). The
Emergency Severity Index, version 4, for pediatric triage: A reliability study in Tabriz Children's
Hospital, Tabriz, Iran. International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 6(1), 36. doi: 10.1186/1865-
1380-6-36

Joseph, A., Patel, A., Robinson, R.D., Andersen, C.A., Zenarosa, N.R., De Moor, C., & Wang, H. (2013).
The role of a split-flow model in the improvement of emergency department efficiency with respect
to patients presenting with different acuity levels. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 62(4), S1-S2. doi:
10.1016/j.annemergmed.2013.07.289

Rahmati, H., Azmoon, M., Kalantari Meibodi, M., & Zare, N. (2013). Effects of triage education on
knowledge, practice and qualitative index of emergency room staff: A quasi-interventional study.
Bulletin of Emergency and Trauma, 1(2), 69-75.

Schüler, S., Eisenbarth, H., Fersterra, A., Schob, M., & Dormann, H. (2013). Implementation of the
Emergency Severity Index in the emergency department: A staff attitude survey from three
perspectives. Notfall und Rettungsmedizin, 16(2), 95-102. doi: 10.1007/s10049-012-1624-3
Suh, K.Y. (2013). The study of availability of modified ESI and pilot application of semi-automatic ESI.
European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 20(4), 300-301. doi:
10.1097/01.mej.0000431976.40691.1a

Sulfaro, S.B. (2013). Triage evolution: From labeling to streaming. Journal of Emergency Nursing,
39(6), 667-668. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2013.09.010

Tucker, G., Clark, N.K., & Abraham, I. (2013). Enhancing ED triage to accommodate the special needs
of geriatric patients. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 39(3), 309. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2010.07.007

2012

Burke, T.M., Zun, L.S., & Downey, L.V. (2012). Is the Australian triage system a better indicator of
psychiatric patients' needs for intervention than the ENA Emergency Severity Index triage system?
Academic Emergency Medicine, 19, S360. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2012.01332.x

Choi, H.K., Choi, M.J., Kim, J.W., Lee, J.Y., Shin, S.H., & Lee, H.J. (2012). Reliability of the Emergency
Severity Index version 4 performed by trained triage nurse. Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing,
5(2), 61-71.

Claudio, D., Ricondo, L., Freivalds, A., & Okudan Kremer, G.E. (2012). Physiological and descriptive
variables as predictors for the Emergency Severity Index. IIE Transactions on Healthcare Systems
Engineering, 2(2), 131-141. doi: 10.1080/19488300.2012.680572

Doyle, S.L., Kingsnorth, J., Guzzetta, C.E., Jahnke, S.A., McKenna, J.C., & Brown, K. (2012). Outcomes
of implementing rapid triage in the pediatric emergency department. JEN: Journal of Emergency
Nursing, 38(1), 30-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2010.08.013

Green, N.A., Durani, Y., Brecher, D., Depiero, A., Loiselle, J., & Attia, M. (2012). Emergency Severity
Index version 4: A valid and reliable tool in pediatric emergency department triage. Pediatric
Emergency Care, 28(8), 753-757. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0b013e3182621813

Grossmann, F.F., Zumbrunn, T., Frauchiger, A., Delport, K., Bingisser, R., & Nickel, C.H. (2012). At risk
of undertriage? Testing the performance and accuracy of the Emergency Severity Index in older
emergency department patients. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 60(3), 317-325.e313. doi:
10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.12.013

Hong, K.J., Shin, S.D., Ro, Y.S., Song, K.J., & Singer, A.J. (2012). Development and validation of the
excess mortality ratio-based Emergency Severity Index. American Journal of Emergency Medicine,
30(8), 1491-1500. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2011.12.011

Janssen, M.A.P., van Achterberg, T., Adriaansen, M.J.M., Kampshoff, C.S., Schalk, D.M.J., & Mintjes-
de Groot, J. (2012). Factors influencing the implementation of the guideline triage in emergency
departments: A qualitative study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21(3/4), 437-447. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-
2702.2011.03921.x

McHugh, M., Tanabe, P., McClelland, M., & Khare, R.K. (2012). More patients are triaged using the
Emergency Severity Index than any other triage acuity system in the United States. Academic
Emergency Medicine, 19(1), 106-109. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01240.x
Singer, R.F., Infante, A.A., Oppenheimer, C.C., West, C.A., & Siegel, B. (2012). The use of and
satisfaction with the Emergency Severity Index. JEN: Journal of Emergency Nursing, 38(2), 120-126.
doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2010.07.004

Weyrich, P., Christ, M., Celebi, N., & Riessen, R. (2012). Triage systems in the emergency
department. Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin, 107(1), 67-78; quiz 79. doi:
10.1007/s00063-011-0075-9

2011

Alpert, E.A., Hertz, D., Lipsky, A.M., Schadel, M., Rieck, J., & Or, J. (2011). Simulated evaluation of
two triage scales in an emergency department in Israel. European Journal of Emergency Medicine,
18(5), 305.

Castner, J. (2011). Emergency department triage: What data are nurses collecting? JEN: Journal of
Emergency Nursing, 37(4), 417-422. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2011.01.002

Chung, W.G., Salzman, J.G., Wewerka, S.S., Koenekamp, D., & Frascone, R.J. (2011). Inadequate
baseline and 6-month retention of the Emergency Severity Index by experienced emergency
department registered nurses. Academic Emergency Medicine, 18(5), S52. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-
2712.2011.01073.x

Garbez, R., Carrieri-Kohlman, V., Stotts, N., Chan, G., & Neighbor, M. (2011). Factors influencing
patient assignment to level 2 and level 3 within the 5-level ESI triage system. JEN: Journal of
Emergency Nursing, 37(6), 526-532. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2010.07.010

Garbez, R.O., Carrieri-Kohlman, V., Stotts, N., & Chan, G. (2011). Level 2 and level 3 patients in
Emergency Severity Index triage system comparison of characteristics and resource utilization.
Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal, 33(4), 322-335. doi: 10. 1097/TME.0b013e318233d1c4

Gilboy, N., Tanabe, P., Travers, D. A., Rosenau, A. M., & Eitel, D. R. (Eds). (2011). Emergency severity
index, version 4: Implementation handbook 2012 Edition. AHRQ Publication No. 12-0014. Rockville,
MD, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, November 2011.

Grossmann, F.F., Nickel, C.H., Christ, M., Schneider, K., Spirig, R., & Bingisser, R. (2011). Transporting
clinical tools to new settings: Cultural adaptation and validation of the Emergency Severity Index in
German. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 57(3), 257-264. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.07.021

Hiestand, B., Moseley, M., MacWilliams, B., & Southwick, J. (2011). The influence of emergency
medical services transport on Emergency Severity Index triage level for patients with abdominal
pain. Academic Emergency Medicine, 18(3), 261-266. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01005.x

McHugh, M., Tanabe, P., Khare, R., & McClelland, M. (2011). The Emergency Severity Index is the
most commonly used triage system in the United States. Academic Emergency Medicine, 18(5),
S203. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01073.x

Neyman, G., Rose, G., Sorkin, G., Leak, L.V., & Calabro, J. (2011). Factors associated with admission
rate and emergency department length of stay in triage class 3 patients. Academic Emergency
Medicine, 18(5), S28. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01073.x
Storm-Versloot, M.N., Ubbink, D.T., Kappelhof, J., & Luitse, J.S.K. (2011). Comparison of an
informally structured triage system, the Emergency Severity Index, and the manchester triage
system to distinguish patient priority in the emergency department. Academic Emergency Medicine,
18(8), 822-829. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01122.x

van der Wulp, I., Rullmann, H.A.A., Leenen, L.P.H., & Van Stel, H.F. (2011). Associations of the
Emergency Severity Index triage categories with patients' vital signs at triage: A prospective
observational study. Emergency Medicine Journal, 28(12), 1032-1035. doi:
10.1136/emj.2010.096172

Wang, L., Zhou, H., & Zhu, J.F. (2011). Application of Emergency Severity Index in pediatric
emergency department. World Journal of Emergency Medicine, 2(4), 279-282. doi:
10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2011.04.006

Weber, E.J., McAlpine, I., & Grimes, B. (2011). Mandatory triage does not identify high-acuity
patients within recommended time frames. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 58(2), 137-142. doi:
10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.02.001

Wiler, J.L., Poirier, R.F., Farley, H., Zirkin, W., & Griffey, R.T. (2011). Emergency Severity Index triage
system correlation with emergency department evaluation and management billing codes and total
professional charges. Academic Emergency Medicine, 18(11), 1161-1166. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-
2712.2011.01203.x

2010

Buschhorn, H., Strout, T.D.S., Baumann, M.R., & Sholl, J.M. (2010). Ability of emergency medical
system providers to use the Emergency Severity Index as a triage tool. Academic Emergency
Medicine, 17, S143. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2010.00743.x

Christ, M., Grossmann, F., Winter, D., Bingisser, R., & Platz, E. (2010). Modern triage in the
emergency department. Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 107(50), 892-898. doi:
10.3238/arztebl.2010.0892

Demarco, F., Gerardo, C.J., Boardwine, A., Benjamin, L., Villani, J., Vleet, C.V., . . . Hocker, M. (2010).
Effect of a nurse rapid intake initiative on patient length of stay and satisfaction: A Project Impact
initiative. Academic Emergency Medicine, 17, S93-S94. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2010.00743.x

Green, N.A., Durani, Y., Brecher, D., & Attia, M.W. (2010). Emergency Severity Index version 4
predicts visit outcome and resource utilization in a pediatric emergency department. Pediatric
Emergency Care, 26(9), 698. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0b013e3181f3469c

LaMantia, M.A., Platts-Mills, T.F., Biese, K.J., Forbach, C., & Kizer, J.S. (2010). Normal triage vitals
signs in elderly patients with severe illness and injury. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 58,
S85. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02850.x

Platts-Mills, T.F., Travers, D., Biese, K., McCall, B., Kizer, S., LaMantia, M., . . . Cairns, C.B. (2010).
Accuracy of the Emergency Severity Index triage instrument for identifying elder emergency
department patients receiving an immediate life-saving intervention. Academic Emergency
Medicine, 17(3), 238-243. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2010.00670.x
Salzman, J.G., Wewerka, S., Frascone, R., Koenekamp, D., & Chung, W. (2010). Use of competency
cases to assess provider knowledge of the Emergency Severity Index (version 4): An item analysis.
Academic Emergency Medicine, 17, S33-S34. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2010.00743.x

van der Wulp, I., Sturms, L.M., Schrijvers, A.J.P., & Van Stel, H.F. (2010). An observational study of
patients triaged in category 5 of the Emergency Severity Index. European Journal of Emergency
Medicine, 17(4), 208-213. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0b013e32833154ba

2009

Choi, M., Kim, J., Choi, H., Lee, J., Shin, S., Kim, D., & Ro, Y. (2009). Reliability of Emergency Severity
Index version 4. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 54(3), S95-S96. doi:
10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.06.336

Durani, Y., Brecher, D., Walmsley, D., Attia, M.W., & Loiselle, J.M. (2009). The Emergency Severity
Index version 4: Reliability in pediatric patients. Pediatric Emergency Care, 25(8), 504-507. doi:
10.1097/PEC.0b013e3181b0a0c6

González, J., & Soltero, R. (2009). Emergency Severity Index (ESI) triage algorithm: Trends after
implementation in the emergency department. Boletín de la Asociación Médica de Puerto Rico,
101(3), 7-10.

Grossmann, F.F., Delport, K., & Keller, D.I. (2009). Emergency Severity Index : Translation of a valid
triage instrument into German. Notfall und Rettungsmedizin, 12(4), 290-292. doi: 10.1007/s10049-
009-1156-7

Hendry, D., Wiler, J., Poirier, R.F., Griffey, R.T., Farley, H.L., & Zirkin, W. (2009). Emergency Severity
Index triage system correlation with emergency department evaluation and management billing
codes. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 54(3), S53. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.06.202

Lee, J., Choi, H., Shin, S., Kim, D., & Ro, Y. (2009). Validation of modified Emergency Severity Index
version 4. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 54(3), S96-S97. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.06.340

Shelton, R. (2009). The Emergency Severity Index 5-level triage system. Dimensions of Critical Care
Nursing, 28(1), 9-12. doi: 10.1097/01.DCC.0000325106.28851.89

Storm-Versloot, M.N., Ubbink, D.T., Chin A Choi, V., & Luitse, J.S.K. (2009). Observer agreement of
the Manchester Triage System and the Emergency Severity Index: A simulation study. Emergency
Medicine Journal, 26(8), 556-560. doi: 10.1136/emj.2008.059378

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