Group member names :

• Gerhad Ronaldo Nadapdap

• Kurnia Nur Akmaliyah Dalimunthe
• Raka Ardiansyah Hasibuan
• Zainal Abidin Tarigan

♠ Report Text ♠

♦ Definition

Report text is a text which presents information about something as it is. This text is the results of
systematic observation and analysis.

♦ Structure

1. General classification
It contains of statement that describe the common subject of the report, common description and
classification.
2. Description
It represents the text which tells us about the elaboration of the phenomenon under discussion ; its
parts, qualities, habits or behaviors.

♦ Purpose of The Text

The purpose of the text is to convey information of the observation and systematic analysis in the text.
The information described in I usually general in nature.

♦ Language Characteristic

1. Use of general nouns, an object of a general nature.

2. Use of relating of linking verbs to describe feature, for instance[is, am, are], seem, look, etc.
3. Some action verbs are used to describe behavior.
4. Use of timeless present tense to match indicate action.
5. Use of technical terms.
6. Use of paragraphs with topic to organize bundles of information.
7. Repeated naming of the topic in the beginning focus the clause.
 HOW A MICROWAVE OVEN WORKS

♣ General Classification

This microwave oven is truly a remarkable feat of engineering. The rapid heating that makes
microwave popular is made possible by power provided from this vacuum tube. Now, if you picture a
vacuum tube at all it’s likely in a radio like this. Inevitably, tiny transistors and microchips replaced
clunky vacuum tube, but It’s too soon to relegate them to the museum. Microchips can’t easily replace
tubes for producing power. For example, in heating food.

Now, a microwave contains three main components :

1. A vacuum tube called a magnetron, it generates the energy to heats foods;

2. A wave guide hidden in the wall to direct the energy to the food;
3. And a chamber to hold the food and safely contain the radiation.

In principle a microwave heat no differently than any other type of heat transfer. At a molecular level,
heat is a transfer of energy that results in increased motion of a molecules in a substance. Since we aren’t
quantum size, we observe this increase in motion as a rise in temperature. In a traditional oven or stove
we heat food by placing a pan on a burner or in the oven where the walls radiate heat which cooks the
outside of the food. The inside cooked when the heat transfer from the surface of the food to its interior.
In contrast, the energy from magnetron penetrates in to the food, which means the whole mass of the food
can be cooked simultaneously.

♣ Description

How does it do this?

Well, our food is filled with water, which is positively charge at one end, and negative at the other to
give these molecules more energy, we exposed it to electromagnetic waves that emanate from the tube.
By definition, the waves have electrical and magnetic field that change direction rapidly. For this oven,
the direction of the field change 2.450.000.000 times / second.

Water will try to align with the radiation electric field. The changing field rocks the water molecule
back and forth rapidly and molecular friction from this, creates heat as motion disrupts the hydrogen
bonds between neighboring water molecules.

Now you can get an idea of the wavelength of the energy emitted from the magnetron using cheese.
Now you can see, on section where the cheese has completely melted and other sections where it’s
completely unheated. The oven’s metal walls only reflect waves of a length that fit inside the oven. This
standing wave causes hot and cold spots inside the oven. The three-Dimensional pattern of waves is
difficult to predict, but the principle can be seen by looking at the waves in the single dimension.
 The peaks and valleys in the waves represent the greatest enemy of the waves, while the nodes
correspond to the “cold” spot inside the chamber. If we measure the distance between melted cheese
spots, we find about 2 ½ inches that would be half the wavelength the distance between nodes a of
microwave and is pretty close to the actual wavelength of microwave radiation used. Using that
wavelength we can estimate the microwave’s radiation frequency. The frequency is related to the
wavelength by the speed of light. We get an answer that only has 4 or 5 percent error. Not bad for this
primitive measurement. Now, the real engineering in the microwave oven lies in creating the magnetron
that generates high powered radio waves. It’s truly and amazing and revolutionary device.

The vacuum tube is inside here, these are cooling fins, thin pieces of metal that dissipate the heat as
the magnetron operates. They key parts are these two magnets and the vacuum tube. Now I have another
one so you can see the inside. You apply a large voltage across both the inner filament and the circular
cooper outside. This voltage boils electron of the center filaments and they fly toward the circular cooper
section. This filament is made from tungsten and thorium. Tungsten because it can withstand high
temperatures and thorium because it’s a good source of electrons. The magnet bends the electrons so they
swing back toward the center filament. We adjust the magnetic strength so that the now orbiting electrons
just brush past the opening of these cavities. Like blowing over a half filled pop bottle to make it whistle.
This creates the oscillation waves, the microwave radiation that heats food. It’s simply astonishing that
the cavities can be made with high precision, low cost, and high reliability.