8 Rfid Door Lock Project 8.1 PDF

Make Your Own Arduino RFID Door
Lock
Description
What is RFID?
“RFID stands for Radio-Frequency Identification. […] The RFID device serves the
same purpose as a bar code or a magnetic strip on the back of a credit card or ATM
card; it provides a unique identifier for that object. And, just as a bar code or
magnetic strip must be scanned to get the information, the RFID device must be
scanned to retrieve the identifying information.” – .
RFID is used in this project to read data from the RFID tags and send the information
to the non-volatile memory of the MCU. The ID read from the tags is compared with
the stored information, and if it matches, then the door unlocks/opens.
HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

M+91-91762-73514 ,E-abhishek@haleducation.com
Hardware Software
 Arduino Nano
 RFID RC522
 Piezo Buzzer
 2x LED  Arduino IDE
 2x 330 Resistor  SketchUp
 Keypad 4×4  Github
 Adapter I2C for
LCD
 LCD16X2BL
Wiring the LCD to the Arduino

The LCD has 16 pins which is too much for an Arduino Nano, that’s why it’s
important to have an I2C adapter. This allows running the display from only 2 signal
pins on the Arduino. It is helpful because of the small number of pins that will have to
be controlled from the MCU.
Figure 1: LCD pins

The LCDs have a parallel interface, meaning that the MCU has to manipulate several
interface pins at the same time to control the display. The table below gives a
description for each of the pins:
First, we will make the connections between LCD and I2C. To do that, we need an
I2C LCD display adapter (LCD1602). The adapter converts the 16 x 2 character LCD
display into a serial I2C LCD that can be controlled via Arduino by just 2 wires.

Figure 3: Connections between Arduino and LCD
Next, we’ll add library “<LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>” in Arduino IDE. The library

allows us to connect the LCD to the Arduino. The built-in LiquidCrystal_I2C library
makes it easy to display characters on the LCD.
You can download the LiquidCrystal_I2C.h here.

Please follow the steps below to install a new library into your Arduino IDE.
1) First, download the files from Github. (I’ll be downloading Keypad library.)
2) Zip (.zip) each folder.

3) Copy the .zip files to your Arduino folder.
4) Open Arduino and add Keypad.zip: : Sketch menu > Include Library > Add
.ZIP Library.

5) Add keypad library: Sketch menu > Include Library > Keypad.

Codes to test LCD:
1 #include <Wire.h>

2
3 #include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
5 LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2); // Set the LCD address to 0x27 for a 16 chars and 2 line display
7 void setup() {
9 lcd.begin();// initialize the LCD
10
11 lcd.backlight();// Turn on the blacklight and print a message.
12
13 lcd.backlight();
14
15 lcd.print("Hello, world!");
16
17 }
18
19 void loop() {
20
21 }

Figure 4: LCD connected to Arduino Nano
Connecting the Keypad
Now, on to the keypad! We will connect the keypad in order to display the numbers
on the LCD that we input from the keypad.
Keypad.h is a library which allows the Arduino to read a matrix type keypad.
I used a 4×4 keypad in this tutorial.
The table shows the connection between the Arduino board and the keypad. The
keypad pins are connected to Arduino’s digital output pins. Pin D6 was used for the
buzzer because it was a PWM pin.
Keypad pin Arduino pin
1 D2

2 D3
3 D4
4 D5
5 A0
6 D7
7 D8

Figure 5: Connection between Arduino, LCD, and Keypad

Figure 6: LCD and Keypad connected to Arduino
Wiring the RFID
Next, we will add the RFID. In this case, the RFID board uses a SPI communication
protocol, where the Arduino will be acting as a master and the RFID reader as a
slave. The card reader and the tags are designed to communicate using a frequency
equal to 13.56MHz.
This is an important step because it helps us to read data from the card and it will
decide if the ID corresponds to the information stored in the EEPROM. If it matches,
it will give us access and display “Unlocked”. Otherwise, the LCD will display
“Blocked”.

Figure 7: Connection between Arduino, LCD, and RFID

Figure 8: Arduino, LCD, and RFID
Adding a buzzer & LEDs

Next step is to add a buzzer and 2 LEDs to simulate a controlled access system. Please
review the wire diagram below (Figure 9). The buzzer is set so that it buzzes
whenever we gain access (unlocked). The red LED is always on when it is locked, but
the green LED will come on when it is unlocked.
In order to protect the modules, I decided to 3D print the housing box/case. If you
don’t have a 3D printer, you can just use a plastic case that allows you to fit all of the
components inside. This is very helpful because the modules will be placed inside and
the only parts outside of the box will be the LEDs, keypad, and LCD.

Figure 9: Wire diagram showing connection between Nano, LCD, Keypad, RFID, and
buzzer
Building The Housing Case/Box
For this project, I wanted to create a custom case to house all of the components
neatly and keep them free of damage.
I have designed a box using SketchUp, which has a user-friendly interface with simple
buttons like Eraser, Lines, and Tape Measure Tool.
The dimensions of the box is 120x125x37 mm.
If you’re not familiar with Sketchup, I recommend you go through some SketchUp
tutorials here.
Figure 10: Housing case (top view)

Figure 11: Housing case (bottom view)
When I designed the box, I took these dimensions into consideration:

 Top view:
 2 openings for the LEDs (5.2 mm)
 1 opening for LCD (42.2×7.3 mm)
 1 opening for cable (16×10.5 mm)
 Bottom view:
 1 opening for keypad (27×10 mm)
After I measured the dimensions of the components, I designed a box that’s rather
compact. Feel free to change the design to your preference.

Figure 12: Complete housing case with modules placed inside

Code diagram
Full Code
1 #include <SPI.h>
3 #include <MFRC522.h>
5 #include <Wire.h>
7 #include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
9 #include <Keypad.h>
10
11 #include<EEPROM.h>
12
13
14

15 int relPin;
16
17 int state=0;
18
19 byte COD[10];
20
21 byte AUX[10];
22
23 int k=0;
24
25 String accessCode="*123456#";
26
27 String codpairing="*654321#";
28
29 //NFC
30
31 #define RST_PIN 9
32
33 #define SS_PIN 10
34
35 MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN); // Create MFRC522 instance
36
37 #define NEW_UID {0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF}
38
39 MFRC522::MIFARE_Key key;
40
41
42
43 //LCD
44
45 LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27,16,2);
46
47
48
49 //KEYPAD
50

51 const byte numRows= 4; //number of rows on the keypad
52
53 const byte numCols= 4; //number of columns on the keypad
54
55
56
57 char keymap[numRows][numCols]=
58
59 {
60
61 {'1', '2', '3', 'A'},
62
63 {'4', '5', '6', 'B'},
64
65 {'7', '8', '9', 'C'},
66
67 {'*', '0', '#', 'D'}
68
69 };
70
71
72
73 //Code that shows the the keypad connections to the arduino terminals
74
75 byte rowPins[numRows] = {2,3,4,5}; //Rows 0 to 3
76
77 byte colPins[numCols]= {A0,7,8,9}; //Columns 0 to 3
78
79
80
81 //initializes an instance of the Keypad class
82
83 Keypad myKeypad= Keypad(makeKeymap(keymap), rowPins, colPins, numRows, numCols);
84
85
86

87 void setup() {
88
89 pinMode(A0,OUTPUT);
90
91 digitalWrite(A0,HIGH);
92
94
96
98
100
102
103 digitalWrite(A2,LOW);
104
105 //NFC
106
107 Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communications with the PC
108
109 while (!Serial); // Do nothing if no serial port is opened
110
111 SPI.begin(); // Init SPI bus
112
113 mfrc522.PCD_Init(); // Init MFRC522 card
114
115
116
117 for (byte i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
118
119 key.keyByte[i] = 0xFF;
120
121 }
122

123 lcd.begin();
124
125 lcd.backlight();
126
127 lcd.setCursor(0,0);
128
129 lcd.clear();
130
131 lcd.print( "BLOCKED" );
132
133 }
134
135
136
137 void readNFC(){ // This function will read the code stored on
138
139 for (byte i =0; i<(mfrc522.uid.size); i++) { // the UID
140
141 COD[i]=mfrc522.uid.uidByte[i];
142
143 }
144
145 Serial.print("COD");
146
147 Serial.print(COD[0]);
148
150
152
154
155 }
156
157
158

159 void pairNFC(){
160
161 Serial.println("COD in pair");
162
164
166
168
170
171 long r=0;
172
173 int c=0;
174
175 for(int i=1;i<=EEPROM.read(0);i++){ //The UID cannot be stored on
176
177 switch(i%4){ // one variable, it was needed to be
178
179 case 1 :{AUX[0]=EEPROM.read(i); break;} // split
180
181 case 2 :{AUX[1]=EEPROM.read(i); break;}
182
184
186
187 }
188
189 if((i)%4==0)
190
191 {Serial.println(r);
192
193 if( AUX[0]==COD[0] && AUX[1]==COD[1] && AUX[2]==COD[2] && AUX[3]==COD[3]

){ //Verify if the code is in EEPROM
194

195
196 lcd.clear();
197
199
200 lcd.print("CODE ALREADY IN");
201
203
204 lcd.print("SYSTEM");
205
206 delay(2000);
207
208 c=1;
209
210 break;}
211
212 }
213
214 }
215
216
217
218 if(c==0){int aux2=EEPROM.read(0);
219
220 Serial.println("CODE PAIRED");
221
223
225
227
229
230

231
232 EEPROM.write(aux2+1,COD[0]); //Writing code in EEPROM
233
234 EEPROM.write(aux2+2,COD[1]);
235
237
239
240
241
242 aux2=aux2+4; // Position for a new code
243
244 Serial.println("aux2");
245
246 Serial.println(aux2);
247
248 EEPROM.write(0,0);
249
250 EEPROM.write(0,aux2);
251
252 lcd.clear();
253
255
256 lcd.print("CODE PAIRED");
257
258 delay(2000);}
259
260 }
261
262
263
264 boolean validationNFC(){
265
266 boolean c=false;

267
268 for(int i=1;i<=EEPROM.read(0);i++){ //Read the EEPROM
269
270 switch(i%4){
271
273
275
277
279
280 }
281
282 if((i)%4==0)
283
284 {
285
286 if( AUX[0]==COD[0] && AUX[1]==COD[1] && AUX[2]==COD[2] && AUX[3]==COD[3])
287
288 c=true; //Verify if the code is in EEPROM and make flag=true;
289
290 }
291
292 }
293
294 return c;
295
296 }
297
298
299
300 int compareCODE(String a) //We type a code on keypad and this will be compared
301
302 { //with the accessCode;

303
304 if(a.equals(accessCode))
305
306 return 1;
307
308 else if(a.equals(codpairing)) return 2;
309
310 else return 0;
311
312 }
313
314
315
316 String takeCode(char x) //Will display on the LCD the code typed
317
318 { char vec[10];
319
320 vec[0]=x;
321
323
324 lcd.clear();
325
326 lcd.print('X');
327
328 for(int i=1;i<8;i++)
329
330 {vec[i]=myKeypad.waitForKey(); //Waits for 8 keys to be pressed and after that
331
332 lcd.print('X');} //is taking the decision
333
334 vec[8]=NULL;
335
336 String str(vec);
337
338 return str;

339
340 }
341
342
343
344 void loop() {
345
346
347
348 switch(state){
349
350 case 0: {
351
352 mfrc522.PCD_Init();
353
354 if ( mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent() && mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial() ){
355
356
357
358 readNFC(); //It will read the card and it will search for UID in its
359
360 if(validationNFC()) //memory
361
362 { state=1;
363
364 lcd.clear();
365
367
368 lcd.print( "VALID NFC CODE" ); //The door will be opened
369
370 delay(1000);
371
372 return;
373
374 }

375
376 else{
377
378 lcd.clear();
379
381
382 lcd.print( "INVALID NFC CODE" ) //If the code was wrongblocked
383
384 delay(1000);
385
387
388 lcd.clear();
389
391
392 return;
393
394 }
395
396 }
397
398
399
400 char c=myKeypad.getKey();
401
402 if(c != NO_KEY){
403
404
405
406 String codcurent=takeCode(c);
407
408 int A=compareCODE(codcurent);
409
410 if(A==0){ //A is a variable that stores the current code

411
412 lcd.clear();
413
414 lcd.print("INVALID CODE");
415
416 delay(2000);
417
419
420 lcd.clear();
421
422 lcd.print("BLOCKED");
423
424 return;
425
426 }
427
428 if(A==1){
429
431
432 lcd.clear();
433
434 lcd.print( "VALID CODE " );
435
436 delay(2000);
437
438 state = 1;
439
440 Return;
441
442 }
443
444 if(A==2); {
445
446 state=2;

447
448 lcd.clear();
449
451
452 lcd.print( " Pairing..." );
453
454 delay(2000);
455
456 return;}
457
458 }
459
460 break;
461
462 }
463
464
465
466 case 1:{
467
468 lcd.clear();
469
471
472 lcd.print( "UNLOCKED" );
473
475
476 digitalWrite(A1,LOW); //The red LED will be off
477
478 digitalWrite(A2,HIGH); //The green LED will be on
479
480 tone(6,3000,5010); //The buzzer will make a sound
481
482 delay(5000); //After 5 seconds the system will be blocked

483
485
487
489
490 state=0;
491
493
494 lcd.clear();
495
497
498 return;
499
500 }
501
502
503
504 case 2:{
505
506 mfrc522.PCD_Init();
507
508 if ( mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent() && mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial() ){
509
510 readNFC();
511
512 pairNFC();
513
514 state=0;
515
516 delay(2000);
517
518 lcd.clear();

519
521
522 lcd.print( "BLOCKED" ); }
523
524
525
526 break;
527
528 }
529
530 }
531
Conclusion
So, we managed to build a low-cost Arduino RFID door lock. It was an interesting
project for me because I made it for my personal use. Moreover, building such a
device will provide you not only the satisfaction of doing something useful, but also a
lot of knowledge and an initiation in the first steps of custom electronics. Dealing with
a wide range of boards will be definitely very challenging. The project presents a lot
of interesting tasks, such as:
 Working with other Arduino libraries
 Understanding the use of EEPROM
 Working with multiple communications like I2C, SPI


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Make Your Own Arduino RFID Door

HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

Wiring the LCD to the Arduino

Figure 1: LCD pins

HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

Next, we’ll add library “<LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>” in Arduino IDE. The library

You can download the LiquidCrystal_I2C.h here.

HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

2) Zip (.zip) each folder.

HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

9 lcd.begin();// initialize the LCD

11 lcd.backlight();// Turn on the blacklight and print a message.

HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

Connecting the Keypad

HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

Wiring the RFID

HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

Adding a buzzer & LEDs

HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

Building The Housing Case/Box

Figure 10: Housing case (top view)

When I designed the box, I took these dimensions into consideration:

HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

35 MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN); // Create MFRC522 instance

37 #define NEW_UID {0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF}

HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

53 const byte numCols= 4; //number of columns on the keypad

61 {'1', '2', '3', 'A'},

63 {'4', '5', '6', 'B'},

65 {'7', '8', '9', 'C'},

67 {'*', '0', '#', 'D'}

75 byte rowPins[numRows] = {2,3,4,5}; //Rows 0 to 3

77 byte colPins[numCols]= {A0,7,8,9}; //Columns 0 to 3

81 //initializes an instance of the Keypad class

83 Keypad myKeypad= Keypad(makeKeymap(keymap), rowPins, colPins, numRows, numCols);

HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

107 Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communications with the PC

109 while (!Serial); // Do nothing if no serial port is opened

111 SPI.begin(); // Init SPI bus

113 mfrc522.PCD_Init(); // Init MFRC522 card

117 for (byte i = 0; i < 6; i++) {

119 key.keyByte[i] = 0xFF;

HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

131 lcd.print( "BLOCKED" );

139 for (byte i =0; i<(mfrc522.uid.size); i++) { // the UID

HAL Education54, Avantika Nilaya,Bethal Nagar,Chennai 600096

161 Serial.println("COD in pair");

171 long r=0;

173 int c=0;

175 for(int i=1;i<=EEPROM.read(0);i++){ //The UID cannot be stored on

177 switch(i%4){ // one variable, it was needed to be

179 case 1 :{AUX[0]=EEPROM.read(i); break;} // split

181 case 2 :{AUX[1]=EEPROM.read(i); break;}

183 case 3 :{AUX[2]=EEPROM.read(i); break;}