Discrete Mathematics

October Vacation Assignment

Code: DM-ASN-01A
Instructions:
1) All Questions are compulsory.
2) In case you are not able to attempt the questions, please refer the text book but DO NOT COPY.
3) When we talk about the assignments, Attempt is more important than correctness.
4) Feel free to make the queries at info@aradhyatutorials.com

Q1. Give the brief description on the following operations on Set with the help of relevant examples.
i) Union iv) Symmetric Difference
ii) Intersection v) Complement Set
iii) Set Difference vi) Cartesian Product

Q2. Let the universe consist of the positive integers less than 30. Below we list several sets that are well
specified by the properties that their element must specify: A = {x: x is not prime}, B = {x: x is square}
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and C = {x: x is divisible by a square greater than one}

Find the following:
i) For each such set, list of elements in the set
ii) Find the complements of each set in (i)
iii) For each set you found in (i) and (ii) determine which are the subsets of each other
iv) Find the pair wise union and intersection of all the sets you found in (i).

Q3. Prove: (A ∩ B) ⊆ (A U B) and (A ∩ B) ⊆ B ⊆ (A U B)

Q4. In a class of 80 students, 50 students know English, 55 know French and 46 know German language,
37 students know English and French, 28 students know French and German, 7 students know none of
the languages. Find the following:
(i) How many students know all the 3 languages?
(ii) How many students know exactly 2 languages?
(iii) How many students know only one language?

Q5. Define the following with the help of examples:

(i) Relation (iv) Void Relation
(ii) Universal Relation (v) Inverse Relation
(iii) Complement of a Relation

Q6. Let R be a relation from set ‘A’ to set ‘B’ and let X and Y be subsets of ‘A’ then prove that
(i) X ⊆ Y → R(X) ⊆ R(Y) (ii) R(X U Y) = R(X) U R(Y)

Q7. Let A 1 , A 2 , … countable number of finite sets. Prove that the union S = U i A i is countable.

Q8. Let f: R→R be defined by f(x) = 2x – 3. Now f is one-to-one & onto; hence f has an inverse function
represented as f -1 . Find the formula for f -1 . Verify that fOf is Identity or not.

Q9. Solve the following recurrences: a n = 7a n-1 for n ≥ 1 where a 0 = 3

Q10. Use the characteristic equation to solve the following recurrences

a n = 5a n-1 – 6a n-2 for n ≥ 2 where a 0 = 2 and a 1 = 5

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 Q11. A person opens a bank account with a deposit of $100 and adds $10 each month. The account
earns interest at 6% per annum compounded monthly.
(i) Let a n = amount in account after n months. Write down the initial condition and a
recurrence for a n+1 in terms of a n .
(ii) Find a formula for a n in terms of n

Q12. Solve the following recurrences:

a n = 4a n-1 – 4a n-2 + 2n for n ≥ 2 where a 0 = a 1 = 1

Q13. Determine the number of natural numbers smaller than 104, in the decimal notation of which all
the digits are distinct.

Q14. In how many ways can 3 prizes be distributed among 4 boys, when
(i) No boy gets more than one prize?
(ii) A boy may get any number of prizes?
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(iii) No boy gets all the prizes?

Q15. Brief explain about set and also give the definitions of the following types of set:
i) Logic xi) Equivalence
ii) Proposition xii) Arguments
iii) Paradox xiii) Quantifiers
iv) Predicate xiv) Universal Quantifier
v) Compound Proposition xv) Essential Quantifier
vi) Truth Table xvi) Law of Detachment
vii) Logical Connective xvii) Law of Syllogism
viii) Tautology xviii) Disjunctive Normal Form
ix) Contradiction xix) Conjunctive Normal Form
x) Contingency xx) Universe of Discourse

Q16. For the following valid argument form

~p ˅q → r, s ˅ ~q, ~t, p → t, ~p ˄ r →~s, ∴ ~q
List the valid elementary argument form or inference rules that used to derive the conclusion.

Q17. Interpret the following statements in simple words, and determine whether they are true when
the universe of discourse is Z, R, R+, C, Z 7 or Z 8 .
(a) (∀x) (∃y) x2 = y (d) (∀x) [x ≠ 0 → (∃y) xy = 1]
(b) (∀x) (∃y) x = y2 (e) (∃x)(∃y) x ≠ 0 ˄ y ≠ 0 ˄ xy = 0
(c) ~ [(∀x) (∃y) x = 2y]

3n − 1
Q18. Prove that 1 + 3 + 9 + . . . .. + 3n−1 = for each positive integer n.
2

Q19. Prove by induction that n3 – n is divisible by 6, for all integers n ≥ 1

Q20. Verify that, for all integers n ≥ 1,

𝑛(𝑛+1)(2𝑛+1)
(a) 12 + 22 + 32 + ⋯ + 𝑛2 = 6
(b) (1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + 𝑛)2 = 13 + 23 + 33 + ⋯ + 𝑛3

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