Average rainfall per year = 1459.

74 mm/year
Area of the roof = Ar (in m2)

Volume of rainwater to be collected in one month:

1459.74 𝑚𝑚 1𝑚 1 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
Average rainfall = × ×
𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 1000𝑚𝑚 12 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑠

Average rainfall = 0.121645 m/month

Volume of the tank = Area of the roof × Average rainfall

0.121645 𝑚 1 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ 1000 𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
Volume of the tank = 𝐴𝑟 × × ×
𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ 4 𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘𝑠 1𝑚3

Volume of the tank = 30.41𝐴𝑟 𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠/𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘 ∙ 𝑚2

For a roof area of 500m2
Volume of the tank = 30.41(500𝑚2 ) 𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠/𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘 ∙ 𝑚2
Volume of the tank = 15205.625 𝐿𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠/𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘

From http://www.savingwater.co.za/water-tanks/water-tank-sizes/ : (for a tank that can

accommodate volume of 20,000 L)
Standard Diameter = 2.6 m
Standard Height = 4.13 m
MODEL DIMENSION CALCULATIONS
For the Conical Basin :
From mathematical moderning, design optimization and experimental verification
of conical basin: Gravitational water vortex power plant
@the inlet for the actual :
Dp = 0.2667 m
Vp = 0.1 m/s
Assume Dm = 2 in. ≈ 0.051 m
(𝑅𝑒 )𝑚 = (𝑅𝑒 )𝑝
𝜌𝑉𝐷 𝜌𝑉𝐷
( ) = ( )
𝜇 𝑚 𝜇 𝑝

𝑉𝑝 𝐷𝑝
𝑉𝑚 =
𝐷𝑚
(0.1 𝑚/𝑠)(0.2667 𝑚)
𝑉𝑚 =
0.051 𝑚
𝑉𝑚 = 0.525 𝑚/𝑠
@the canal entrance Lp = 0.4 m
Vp = 0.1 m/s
Vm = 0.525 m/s
(𝑅𝑒 )𝑚 = (𝑅𝑒 )𝑝
𝜌𝑉𝐿 𝜌𝑉𝐿
( ) = ( )
𝜇 𝑚 𝜇 𝑝

(0.1 𝑚/𝑠)(400 𝑚𝑚)

𝐿𝑝 =
0.525 𝑚/𝑠
𝐿 𝑝 = 76 𝑚𝑚

Direct Scaling :
𝐿𝑝
= 5.25
𝐿𝑚
400 𝑚𝑚
𝐿𝑚 =
5.25
𝐿𝑚 = 76 𝑚𝑚
We can use direct scaling since the velocity in the inlet was changed.

Length of Canal
𝐿𝑝
= 5.25
𝐿𝑚
1850 𝑚𝑚
𝐿𝑚 =
5.25
𝐿𝑚 = 352 𝑚𝑚

Diameter of Basin
𝐷𝑝
= 5.25
𝐷𝑚
800 𝑚𝑚
𝐷𝑚 =
5.25
𝐷𝑚 = 152 𝑚𝑚

Outlet Diameter
𝐷𝑝
= 5.25
𝐷𝑚
120 𝑚𝑚
𝐷𝑚 =
5.25
𝐷𝑚 = 23 𝑚𝑚

Basin Height
𝐿𝑝
= 5.25
𝐿𝑚
750 𝑚𝑚
𝐿𝑚 =
5.25
𝐿𝑚 = 143 𝑚𝑚

Notch Inlet
𝐿𝑝
= 5.25
𝐿𝑚
100 𝑚𝑚
𝐿𝑚 =
5.25
𝐿𝑚 = 19 𝑚𝑚
For the container:
𝐷𝑝
= 5.25
𝐷𝑚
2600𝑚𝑚
𝐷𝑚 =
5.25
𝐷𝑚 = 495𝑚𝑚

𝐿𝑝
= 5.25
𝐿𝑚
4130𝑚𝑚
𝐿𝑚 =
5.25
𝐿𝑚 = 546𝑚𝑚
Height of water in the container:
𝑉 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 × 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
𝑉 = 15.206 𝑚3
𝜋𝐷2 𝜋(2.6𝑚2 )
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = = = 5.31 𝑚2
4 4
15.206 𝑚3
𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 =
5.31 𝑚2
𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 2.86𝑚 𝑜𝑟 2860 𝑚𝑚
Height of the water in the prototype:
ℎ𝑝
= 5.25
ℎ𝑚
2860 𝑚𝑚
ℎ𝑚 =
5.25
ℎ𝑚 = 546 𝑚𝑚
Velocity at 546 mm height

𝑉 = √2𝑔ℎ
 𝑚
𝑉 = √2(9.81 )(0.546𝑚)
𝑠2
𝑚
𝑉 = 3.27 2
𝑠
For the Turbine :
From Development and Testing of Runner and Conical Basin for Gravitational Water Vortex
Power Plant
Blade inlet angle = 30°
Blade outlet angle = 45°
Radius of curvature = 88 mm
Length = 200 mm
No. of blades = 3
Va = 3.91 m/s
Length of turbine
(Fr)𝑚 = (Fr)𝑝

𝑉2 𝑉2
( ) = ( )
𝐿𝑔 𝑚 𝐿𝑔 𝑝

𝑉𝑚2 𝐿𝑝
𝐿𝑚 =
𝑉𝑝2

(1.58 𝑚/𝑠)2 (200 𝑚𝑚)

𝐿𝑚 =
(3.91 𝑚)2
𝐿𝑚 = 33 𝑚𝑚
Radius of curvature
(Fr)𝑚 = (Fr)𝑝

𝑉2 𝑉2
( ) = ( )
𝑅𝑔 𝑚 𝑅𝑔 𝑝

𝑉𝑚2 𝑅𝑝
𝑅𝑚 =
𝑉𝑝2

(1.58 𝑚/𝑠)2 (88 𝑚𝑚)

𝑅𝑚 =
(3.91 𝑚)2
𝑅𝑚 = 15 𝑚𝑚
 Outer Diameter
(Fr)𝑚 = (Fr)p

𝑉2 𝑉2
( ) = ( )
𝑂𝐷𝑔 𝑚 𝑂𝐷𝑔 𝑝

𝑉𝑚2 𝑂𝐷𝑝
𝑂𝐷𝑚 =
𝑉𝑝2

(1.58 𝑚/𝑠)2 (180 𝑚𝑚)

𝑂𝐷𝑚 =
(3.91 𝑚)2
𝑂𝐷𝑚 = 30 𝑚𝑚
Inside Diameter
(Fr)𝑚 = (Fr)𝑝

𝑉2 𝑉2
( ) = ( )
𝐼𝐷𝑔 𝑚 𝐼𝐷𝑔 𝑝

𝑉𝑚2 𝐼𝐷𝑝
𝐼𝐷𝑚 =
𝑉𝑝2

(1.58 𝑚/𝑠)2 (100 𝑚𝑚)

𝐼𝐷𝑚 =
(3.91 𝑚)2
𝐼𝐷𝑚 = 16 𝑚𝑚
Design Speed

𝑁 = (39 × √𝐻) ÷ 𝑂𝐷

𝑁 = ( 39 × √0.128𝑚) ÷ 0.03𝑚

𝑁 = 465 𝑟𝑝𝑚
Calculation of the theoretical power
𝑃𝑜 = 𝜌 × 𝑄 × 𝑔 × 𝐻
where:
Po = turbine theoretical power in watts
𝜌 = density of water (1000 kg/m3)
𝑔 = gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s2)
 H = head in meters

𝐻 = 0.352𝑚(𝑡𝑎𝑛(3°)) + 0.11𝑚
𝐻 = 0.128 𝑚
𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑒 =
2
𝑚 𝑚
0.525 + 3.27
𝑠2 𝑠2
𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑒 =
2
𝑚
𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 1.9
𝑠2
𝑄𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 × 𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒
𝜋(0.051𝑚2 ) 𝑚
𝑄𝑎𝑣𝑒 = (1.9 2 )
4 𝑠
𝑚3
𝑄𝑎𝑣𝑒 = 3.851 × 10−3
𝑠
𝑘𝑔 −3
𝑚3 𝑚
𝑃𝑜 = 1000 × 3.851 × 10 × 9.81 × 0.128𝑚
𝑚3 𝑠 𝑠2
𝑃𝑜 = 4.84 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠