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Raghu.t DSCE,Bengalooru
Raghu Thyagaraj, Asst Prof.Civil Dept, DSCE
Concrete masonry is already extensively used in building construction abroad, It is
likely to make
Durability Strength Structural Stability Good sound absorption and heat insulation.
Fire resistance
Raghu Thyagaraj, Asst Prof.Civil Dept, DSCE
It
it is made of 1:6.
Hollow & non-load bearing Hollow & load bearing Solid & load bearing.
IS 2185-1979- Specifications for concrete masonry units ( hollow & solid concrete
block )
400x100x200.(
load bearing)
Corner block
replacement for
energy efficient
saving.
They are also compatible with other materials like fired bricks, dressed stone and
compressed earth blocks for composite wall construction.
strength of concrete blocks depends on its constituent materials used for its
manufacture. presences of excessive fine silt in quarry dust & use of low % of
cement leads to lower strengths. BIS prescribes a minimum strength of 2.0Mpa for
concrete blocks.
The
The
Durable.
the requirement.
the
hollow space in the blocks Provide good properties against sound , heat &
insulation
fire resistance
easier.
Concrete
Popular
Blocks
Bricks are obtained by moulding clay in rectangular blocks of uniform size and then
by drying and burning these blocks. As bricks are of uniform size, they can be
properly arranged, light in weight and hence bricks replace stones.
bricks are made using a simple four sided mould. bricks are moulded by the soft mud
process where soil has a high moisture content facilitating easier pressing.
moulding is to be done on level ground & wet brick is left on the ground for
drying. drying the bricks are burned using firewood.
Raghu Thyagaraj, Asst Prof.Civil Dept, DSCE
Theses
The
After
This
type of bricks are made by soil with lesser moisture ,which leads to the improved
shape & strength for the brick. This bricks generally have ‘frog’ on one of the
bedding faces. These bricks are dried in shade & then burned in the kiln. This
bricks are stronger than country bricks & strength ranging from 3.5Mps to 7.0Mpa.
bricks are made with very good soil & with more mechanized operations. A
continuous slab of clay is sliced by a wire frame into a number of bricks. After
drying, the bricks are burnt in the kiln. A good wire cut brick retains very good
shape & strength ranges from 10Mpa to 20 Mpa. A wirecut brick with 10Mpa strength
can be conveniently used for load bearing masonry upto 5 storeys without RC fames.
Raghu Thyagaraj, Asst Prof.Civil Dept, DSCE
Bricks should be table moulded, well burnt in kilns, copper coloured, free from
cracks and with sharp and square edges. (ii) Bricks should be uniform shape and
should be of standard size. (iii) Bricks should give clear ringing sound when
struck each other. (iv) Bricks when broken should show a bright homogeneous and
compact structure free from voids. (v) Bricks should not absorb water more than 20
percent by weight for first class bricks and 22 percent by weight for second class
bricks, when soaked in coldwater for a period of 24 hours.
(i)
Raghu Thyagaraj, Asst Prof.Civil Dept, DSCE
(vi) Bricks should be sufficiently hard no impression, should be left on brick
surface, when it is scratched with finger nail. (vii) Bricks should be low thermal
conductivity and they should be sound proof.
(viii) Bricks should not break when dropped flat on hard ground from a height of
about one meter. (ix) Bricks, when soaked in water for 24hours, should not show
deposits of white salts when allowed to dry in shade. (x) No brick should have
crushing strength below 55kg/cm2
bricks are made of clay and are provided with one or more cavities. Hallow bricks
are light in weight and are used to increase insulation against heat and dampness.
are used for the construction of load bearing walls, partition walls or panel walls
to multistoried buildings.
They
clay fired bricks are lighter than the cement hollow blocks. They are not porous,
absorb less water and therefore do not require plastering. These blocks are equal
to six handmade bricks and hence would save cost for the buyers.
Different sizes of burnt hollow clay bricks are: Length mm Width mm Height mm 190
190 90 290 190 90 290 140 90
minimum average crushing strength of the bricks should be 3-5 N/mm2 according to
the IS 3952-1988. average water absorption of the bricks by mass when shaIl be not
more than 20 percent.
The
Here, the soil available locally are made use for production of blocks. These
blocks can be manufactured @ construction sites by a manual press;
These are dense solid blocks compacted using a machine with a mixture of soil,
sand, stabilizer (cement/lime) and
water.
OR
Stabilized mud block can be manufactured from a mixture of suitable soil-sand and
stabilizers such as Portland cement or a combination of lime and Portland cement. A
uniform mixture of soil-sand-stabilizer is compacted into a high density block at
optimum moisture content using a machine.
Raghu Thyagaraj, Asst Prof.Civil Dept, DSCE
Classify the soils into 2 broad categories: (a) Expansive soils and (b) Non-
expansive soils depending upon whether the soil contains an expansive clay mineral
or not.
Raghu Thyagaraj, Asst Prof.Civil Dept, DSCE
Soils containing non-expansive clay minerals can be utilized for stabilized mud
blocks using Portland cement
as a binder.
Whereas expansive soils need hydrated lime to stabilize the swell-shrink properties
and hence use of lime is essential for producing stabilized mud blocks
requisite proportion.
In case of higher clay %, the sand fraction in the soil should be increased to
bring down the clay content.
If the blocks cannot be cured for 28 days due to time constraints, then ensure that
they are cured for at least 14 days, with the remaining curing carried out by
keeping the masonry wet.
Raghu Thyagaraj, Asst Prof.Civil Dept, DSCE
Raghu Thyagaraj, Asst Prof.Civil Dept, DSCE
Raghu Thyagaraj, Asst Prof.Civil Dept, DSCE
Raghu Thyagaraj, Asst Prof.Civil Dept, DSCE
Raghu Thyagaraj, Asst Prof.Civil Dept, DSCE
Block ejection
Stacking and curing
Raghu Thyagaraj, Asst Prof.Civil Dept, DSCE
Blocks of different shapes
Raghu Thyagaraj, Asst Prof.Civil Dept, DSCE
Raghu Thyagaraj, Asst Prof.Civil Dept, DSCE
SMB block corbel
Stabilized mud blocks can be manufactured in different sizes and shapes. Maximum
size of the block is limited by the capacity of the machine to supply required
compaction force or energy during the block production process.
2
3 4
230
200 305
190
200 143
90 or 100
75 or 90 or 100 90 or 100
Blocks of special shapes such as rounded corner, corbelled or any other shape for
the purposes of enhancing aesthetic appearance of masonry and the building can be
manufactured with special attachments to the machines.
Raghu Thyagaraj, Asst Prof.Civil Dept, DSCE
The wet compressive strength of the stabilized mud blocks should be determined in
saturated condition. The blocks have to be soaked in water for at least 48 hours
prior to the strength test. The minimum wet compressive strength of blocks should
be 3 N/mm2 or 30 kg/cm2 for a double storeyed house construction. Using a higher
percentage of cement – more than 8% cement higher strengths in the range of 4 to 6
N/mm2 can be achieved. A block of 7 N/mm2 stength is suitable for four-storeyed
load bearing construction. Blocks of strength 2.5 – 3 N/mm2 can be used for load
bearing walls in framed buildings and for single storied houses in rural areas.
Raghu Thyagaraj, Asst Prof.Civil Dept, DSCE
Strength and water absorption values of SMB collected from different construction
sites are given Table-3.
The mortar selection shall be based on masonry design and the nature of application
such as plastering, pointing, etc.
Cement-soil-sand mortars of 1:2:5 or 1:1:6 give better bond strength for the
masonry when compared to 1:6 cement-sand mortar.
Raghu Thyagaraj, Asst Prof.Civil Dept, DSCE
Stone masonry in lower part of DSCE a wall – rural housing Raghu Thyagaraj, Asst
Prof.Civil Dept,
Raghu Thyagaraj, Asst Prof.Civil Dept, DSCE
Stabilized mud blocks having strength and performance equivalent to or better than
that of burnt clay bricks are being produced and used. Load bearing masonry
buildings of up to 4 storey height have been built using SMB. Properly prepared SMB
blocks do not disintegrate upon soaking in water for any length of time and the
exposed buildings can perform satisfactorily over ones life time.
material.
b) Decentralized production as the machines are portable and the blocks can be
manufactured at the construction site. c) Block cost is independent of scale of
operation.
d) The blocks are true to shape with well defined corners and
edges. Special shapes and designer blocks can be produced with small attachments to
the machine.
Raghu Thyagaraj, Asst Prof.Civil Dept, DSCE
e) The walls do not require plastering and offer scope for
exposed natural finish with aesthetically pleasing
Requires a good understanding of the type of soil available for block production
and how it can be improved/ stabilized.
Needs careful design and detailing of the building to ensure that the walls are not
damaged by rain.