Ratio and Proportion Problems

Level 5
Solve simple word problems involving ratio and direct proportion
find the cost of n items find the cost of 1 item
25
given
Change from one 1 into another using direct proportion
currency given n
convert £ into US$, €, ¥, convert US$, €, ¥, A$,
A$,
Divide a quantity intoHK$ HK$ into £
two or more parts in a given ratio
money in a 2 money in a 3 angles in a
part ratio
Level 6 4 part ratio triangle
Solve direct proportion problems by the unitary method
cost of n items how many find £Total
from
Solve direct m problems
proportion items
using a for £N
table or array from 1 share
simple cost of n items distance,
Solveproblems
direct proportion problems byfrom m method speed & time
the scaling
simple cost of n items
recipe adaption
problems from m
Solve direct proportion problems by a constant multipliers method
multipliers on cost of n items problems with
3 // lines from m fractions
Divide each sum of money in the given ratio.
Divide £9 in the ratio 7 : 3. *
Total shares = 7 + 3 = 10 shares
1 share = £9 = 90p
10
7 shares = 7 × 90p = £6.30
3 shares = 3 × 90p = £2.70
£6.30:£2.70
Share £16 in the ratio 3 : 5.
Total shares = 3 + 5 = 8 shares
1 share = £16 = £2
8
3 shares = 3 × £2 = £6
5 shares = 5 × £2 = £10
£6:£10
Divide each sum of money in the given ratio.
Divide £1.80 in the ratio 2 : 5 : 2. *
Total shares = 2 + 5 + 2 = 9 shares
1 share = £1.80 = 20p
9
2 shares = 2 × 20p = 40p
5 shares = 5 × 20p = £1
2 shares = 2 × 20p = 40p 40p : £1 : 40p
Share £77 in the ratio 2 : 8 : 1.
Total shares = 2 + 8 + 1 = 11 shares
1 share = £77 = £7
11
2 shares = 2 × £7 = £14
8 shares = 8 × £7 = £56
1 share = 1 × £7 = £7 £14 : £56 : £7
Find the size of all 3 angles in these triangles.
A triangle's angles are in the ratio 5 : 1 : 4.
Total shares = 5 + 1 + 4 = 10 shares
1 share = 180° = 18°
10
5 shares = 5 × 18° = 90°
1 share = 1 × 18° = 18°
4 shares = 4 × 18° = 72° 90° : 18° : 72°
The angles in a Δ are in the ratio 4 : 1 : 1.
Total shares = 4 + 1 + 1 = 6 shares
1 share = 180° = 30°
6
4 shares = 4 × 30° = 120°
1 share = 1 × 30° = 30°
1 share = 1 × 30° = 30° 120° : 30° : 30°
Solve each problem using direct proportion.
One salad costs £1.20. Find the cost of 11.
11 salads cost 11 times as much as 1 costs
cost of 11 salads = 11 × £1.20 = £13.20

What do nine hats cost if one costs £7?

9 hats cost 9 times as much as 1 costs
cost of 9 hats = 9 × £7 = £63

One skirt costs £20. How much will seven cost?

7 skirts cost 7 times as much as 1 costs
cost of 7 skirts = 7 × £20 = £140
Solve each problem using direct proportion.
Eight plants cost £40. Find the cost of 1.
1 plant costs one-eighth of what 8 cost
£40
cost of 1 plant = = £5
8
What does one pizza cost if seven cost £28?
1 pizza costs one-seventh of what 7 cost
£28
cost of 1 pizza = = £4
7
Seven toys cost £210. How much will one cost?
1 toy costs one-seventh of what 7 cost
£210
cost of 1 toy = = £30
7
Change from one currency into another.
If the currency exchange rate to convert from
Pounds Sterling to Hong Kong Dollars is £1 = HK$11,
how many Hong Kong Dollars can I buy for £500?
£1 = HK$11
£500 = HK$11 × 500 = HK$5500

If the currency exchange rate between

Pounds Sterling & US Dollars is £1 = US$2,
how many US Dollars will I get for £700?
£1 = US$2
£700 = US$2 × 700 = US$1400
Change from one currency into another.
If the currency exchange rate to convert from
Pounds Sterling to Japanese Yen is £1 = ¥110,
how many Pounds Sterling is equal to ¥110000?
£1 = ¥110
£N = ¥110000 ÷ 110 = £1000

If the currency exchange rate between

Pounds Sterling & Euros is £1 = €1.20,
how many Pounds Sterling can I buy for €36?
£1 = €1.20
£N = €36 ÷ 1.2 = £30
Solve each problem by the unitary method.

What do eight hats cost,

if the cost of three hats is £21?
cost of 1 hat = £21 ÷ 3 = £7
cost of 8 hats = 8 × £7 = £56

How much will seven pizzas cost,

if the price of twelve pizzas is £48?
cost of 1 pizza = £48 ÷ 12 = £4
cost of 7 pizzas = 7 × £4 = £28
Solve each problem by the unitary method.

If two skirts cost £40, find the

number of skirts I can buy for £180?
cost of 1 skirt = £40 ÷ 2 = £20
No. of skirts = £180 ÷ £20 = 9 skirts

I bought ten toys at a cost of £300.

How many toys can I buy for £180?
cost of 1 toy = £300 ÷ 10 = £30
No. of toys = £180 ÷ £30 = 6 toys
Find the shares for each person & the total win.
Three friends, Ian, Matt & Vicky, agree *
to share a lottery win in the ratio 2 : 5 : 2.
If Ian receives a sum of 40p, work out the
amounts the others receive and the total win.
Ian's 2 shares = 40p
1 share = 40p
2
= 20p
Matt's 5 shares = 20p × 5 = £1
Vicky's 2 shares = 20p × 2 = 40p
Total win = 40p + £1 + 40p
or Total win = 20p × (2 + 5 + 2)
Total win = £1.80
Solve each problem by the scaling method.
An exotic salad uses 6 olives for every 5
walnuts. How many walnuts do I need in
addition to the 30 olives I already have?
30 olives = 5 × as many as 6 olives
No. of walnuts = 5 × 5 = 25 walnuts

Matt's Caff sells 11 cakes for every 8 quiches. If

32 quiches were bought, how many cakes were
sold by Matt?
32 quiches = 4 × as many as 8 quiches
No. of cakes = 4 × 11 = 44 cakes
Solve each problem by the scaling method.

What do eight hats cost,

if the cost of three hats is £21?
8 hats = 2⅔ × as many as 3 hats
cost of 8 hats = 2⅔ × £21 = £56

How much will seven pizzas cost,

if the price of twelve pizzas is £48?
7 pizzas = 0.583 × as many as 12 pizzas
cost of 7 pizzas = 0.583 × £48 = £28
Adapt the recipe using the scaling method. *
The ingredients below will serve four people.
1

How much of each is required to feed six?

4people ×1½ = 6people
Apple Crumble Apple Crumble
(fourpeople) (sixpeople)
40 apples 60 apples
100 g sugar 150 g sugar
40 g butter 60 g butter
300 g flour 450 g flour
I used 675 g of flour for the same recipe.
How many was this enough for? 9 people
675 g of flour is 2¼ × the 4 people recipe.
Use parallel number lines to find the multiplier
or scale factor involved in going from 4 to 10.
10 4
× 0
×2.5 × ×0.4 0

4 10
0 0

12 11 11 12 12
11 11 11
10 10 10 10 10
9 9 9
8 9 9 8 8
7 7 7
6 8 8 6 6
5 5 5
4 7 7 4 4
3 3 3
2 6 6 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
0 5 5 0 0
0
4 ÷4 0
×10 0
÷10 0
×4
Solve each problem by constant multipliers.

What do eight hats cost,

if the cost of three hats is £21?
ratio of hats required to hats given = 8 : 3
8
cost of 8 hats = × £21 = £56
3

How much will seven pizzas cost,

if the price of twelve pizzas is £48?
ratio of pizzas required to pizzas given = 7 : 12
7
cost of 7 pizzas = × £48 = £28
12
Solve each problem by constant multipliers.
Two toy trains circle a track. For every 5 laps
Red makes, Blue makes 3. How many laps does
Blue make if Red makes 22½?
ratio of Blue's laps to Red's laps = 3 : 5
3
No. of Blue's laps = × 22½ = 13½ laps
5

A weight of 11 lbs is approximately equal to 5

kg. How many kg is roughly equivalent to a
weight of 49½ lbs?
ratio of kg to lbs = 5 : 11
5
No. of kg = × 49½ = 22½ kg
11
Solve each problem using a table or array.
An exotic salad uses 6 olives for every 5
walnuts. How many walnuts do I need in
addition to the 30 olives I already have?
olives walnuts
6 5
×5 ×5
30 25 25 walnuts
Matt's Caff sells 11 cakes for every 8 quiches. If
32 quiches were bought, how many cakes were
sold by Matt?
quiches cakes
8 11
×4 ×4
32 44 44 cakes
Solve each problem using a table or array.
What do eight hats cost,
if the cost of three hats is £21?
hats cost
8 3 £21 8
× ×
3 8 £56 3 £56

How much will seven pizzas cost,

if the price of twelve pizzas is £48?
pizzas cost
7 12 £48 7
× ×
12 7 £28 12 £28
Solve each problem using a table or array. *
A car's average speed on a journey is 60 km/h.
How far does it travel in a time of 1⅔ hours? DST Δ

How long does it take to travel 200 km?

What distance is covered in 7 hours?
At what time is the car 540 km from home?
Time Distance
D (hours) (km)
S×T 1 60
1⅔ 100 =60 × 1⅔
T = 200 = 3⅓ 200
60
60 7 420 =60 × 7
T = 540 = 9 540
60