Perceived Employability of… 1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Employability is defined as the skills that an individual should possess for them to

obtain a job. Employability also depends on the knowledge, skills and attitude and how

an individual presents them to the employers. It is also stated that good technical

understanding and subject knowledge are the basic skills that employers are looking for

in an applicant based on the survey by Science Technology Engineering and

Mathematics Network (STEMNET) (n.d.). In a report by Ramiro (2016), K -12 graduates

can easily find employment or start their own livelihood after they graduate. They will be

trained in vocational and technical skills which will help students to be exposed to what

kind of job they are applying for. This will allow them to gain mid-level skills and offer

more chances of landing a job or becoming an entrepreneur. Hence, graduates will gain

job-specific skills even without a college degree. Thus, senior high school is preparing

students to be college ready and career ready and they can be able to join the

workforce. It is common to students and individuals that having a job is important to gain

experience and to earn money. The qualifications in applying for a job are experiences,

knowledge and skills in which students can be able to attain during senior high school.

However, in a survey made by Jobstreet.com as stated in Alto Broadcasting

System- Chronicle Broadcasting Network (ABS-CBN) news (2018), only 24% of 503

employers are willing to hire senior high school graduates, 35% said that they only have

vacancies for college graduates, while the 41% are still undecided. Thus, there are only
 Perceived Employability of… 2

few opportunities for graduates to work and companies are still looking for college

graduates. This is contrary to the assurance of the Department of Education (DepEd)

that senior high school graduates are ready to join the workforce and that they can be

able to land a job. Also, according to Geronimo (2017), the Philippine Business for

Education (PBEd) reported that there is still a need to encourage more business to be

open to hiring K-12 graduates.

According to Sturgis (2017), high schools are not doing enough to prepare their

graduates to meet the expectations of the workplace. Also, students are not prepared to

be able to join the workforce. This is contrary to what is claimed earlier, that high school

graduates are equipped to be prepared in joining the workforce. This leads to high

school graduates taking a remedial course in college.

According to the study of Kasika (2015), employers consider educational

qualification of an applicant for they use this as their basis in accepting applicants for the

job. They could expect the applicant to have a good performance. In this generation, the

number of unemployed people is increasing. With that, employers still prefer applicants

who are skillful and knowledgeable that could benefit the company (Damelin

Correspondence College,2018).

Several employers and companies doubt that K-12 graduates lack maturity and

confidence for them to be able to fit in the job they are applying for. Also, they suggested

that graduates need to hone their critical skills and communication skills, but DepEd said

that the students are equipped with right skills that the industries are looking for.

(Aguinaldo, n.d.)
 Perceived Employability of… 3

In an interview by Guzman (2018), Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry

(PCCI) president, Alberto Fenix expressed that on-the-job trainings of the students are

not enough for skilled jobs and that they lack sufficient training.

Lastly, in a report by ABS-CBN (2018), employers see that hiring senior high

school graduates will be a risk for them since they lack a 4-year degree. Also, in the

same report ABS-CBN (2018) employers stated that they are only willing to hire senior

high school graduates if they can be as productive as college degree holders. Thus,

there is a need to know why the employers are hesitant on hiring senior high school

graduates and to know what qualities the employers are looking for in hiring a senior

high school graduate.

Unlike other studies which determine the employability of either college graduates

or technical vocational (TVL) graduates, the present study focuses on the employability

of senior high school graduates specifically on the Humanities and Social Sciences

(HUMSS), Accountancy and Business Management (ABM), and Science, Technology,

Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) strands.

This study aimed to determine the perceived employability of senior high school

graduates in terms of communication skills, problem-solving, teamwork, ICT skills and

work ethics.

Review of Related Literature

Perceived Employability

Perceived employability is recognizing the qualities that are required for a person

to get a job. As indicated by Doyle (2018), employability is the ability and attribute of an

individual in order to obtain a job. General skills are important because employers

always look for an applicant who has the skills and qualities to work. An applicant should
 Perceived Employability of… 4

embody positive attitude like skills and knowledge to assure that they have the capacity

to be an effective employee in the workplace, to showcase the applicant’s effectiveness

to their employer and to have a contribution to the emerging company, Lindop et al.

(2011).

In the study conducted by Ibon et al. (n.d.) on the willingness of companies in

terms of integrating SHS Graduates within their workplace, the researchers of this study

assessed 12 companies in Makati City with 30 respondents using purposive

questionnaires and in-depth interviews. In the citation of information, the researchers

conclude that 10 out of 12 companies are willing to hire SHS Graduates. It is concluded

that most of the businesses are ready for the new development.

Skills and Qualities

Doyle (2018) states that skills are what an employer seeks for an applicant even if

it does not have any paid work experience. Employers are looking for an applicant who

possess the ability to work such as being responsible, being a quick learner, being able

to communicate well and being proficient in technology. The skills mentioned are some

of the skills that the employers are looking for.

As indicated by Money-Zine (n.d.), employers consider the working ability,

educational attainment and experience of an applicant when hiring a specific job. Human

resource looks for the job analysis of an employee in accepting an applicant. An

applicant who has an experience or exposure in any workplace is considered as a

potential applicant. Other institutions need to be responsible and advanced that is why

educational attainment is a must.

According to Hebert (2017), employers look for applicants who can contribute well

to the company. Nowadays, there are many changes in terms of job hiring and how
 Perceived Employability of… 5

industries work. Employees must be flexible and can adapt to changes so that they can

keep their jobs. Employers look for certain skills in an applicant specifically leadership

skills. Applicants must have passion for their work for employers look for people who are

always motivated to perform well. Most importantly, applicants must fit the culture of the

company.

Communication skills

According to Doyle (2018), communication skills are the ability of a person to share

information to others. Employers look for people with good written, verbal and nonverbal

communication skills. Employees need to be a good listener to be able to understand the

concerns of the clients and the orders of their employers.

In a survey of the Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC) Research

Team (2018), it was found out that communication skill is the top skill that employers are

looking for and this was based on the survey of nearly 1000 employers on business

school campuses. Employers seek managers who possess interpersonal,

communication and technical skills to develop leadership skills that can strongly lead

and inspire others especially their team.

On the other hand, Moore (2016) believed that STEM education is the focus of

most modern educational systems and writing is one of the important skills in the hiring

market. The 2013 survey of the Association of America Colleges and Universities

showed that 93% of employers said that it is important that a person can think critically,

communicate clearly, and solve problems complexly. In addition, the 75% of employers

want people that have good written communication skills at the college level. In most job

hiring, applicants who majors in English and Communications in college has higher

chances of getting employed.

 Perceived Employability of… 6

In a study conducted by Hamer (2005) on the importance of communication skills

within the workplace if there was an internal communication gap that existed between

the supervisors and leaders, the researchers of this study provided the background

information on the different ways and styles of communication. It is concluded that the

face-to-face communication remained to be the number one style of communicating

within the organizations as one’s effectiveness in employing the attributes of leadership

and the strengths of a company is enhanced by an aptitude for communication. It is also

found that a lack of communication within an organization can decrease productivity,

lower moral and can cause other serious workplace issues.

Teamwork

Doyle (2018) stated that teamwork is significant in most work places. Employees

sometimes must work as a group in a project and having a good relationship with his/her

teammates is a huge factor to complete their goals. Even employees that do not work

with teams still need to get along well with his/her colleagues to reach their company’s

goals.

As claimed by Kamar (2018), workplaces that only have individual skillsets and

goals cannot achieve their goals because a job always requires various skills within the

organization for one individual cannot have all the required skills. Delegating the tasks

according to each member’s ability requires teamwork. This type of work enhances

efficiency and productivity within the group. In addition, working with a group of people

makes it more flexible to take risks and to get more options. It also provides a greater

opportunity to gather more ideas and possible solutions in completing a task. Teamwork

inspires you to improve yourself and perform better. To achieve this, the team must have
 Perceived Employability of… 7

good team members who are supportive and responsible that can take account to

whatever results they can get from their work.

Furthermore, Wyant (2018) stated that almost every industry needs teamwork and

employees are the team players. Even if a person works alone, they still must consider

their company’s goals and they also need to communicate with others. Whatever work

the employees have, they still need to work well with a group and have good

communicating skills with their employers. Most importantly, an employee or manager

must develop effective teamwork skills. In addition, the study of Wyant (2018) on the

effectiveness of teamwork between engineers and industrial designers state that the

performance of product development team and its effect of cooperation to the

relationship between the engineers and industrial engineers are a positive relationship

whereas an effective of employing the attributes of leadership and the strengths of a

company is the face-to-face communication.

Problem Solving

As stated by Doyle (2018), critical thinking is an ability to understand, analyze,

interpret information and make conclusions. An employee will have to think logically and

make judgments to be able to assess situations and solve problems.

In addition, the University of Durham (n.d.), an employer looks for someone who

can identify and assess potential problems and who can come up with a solution.

Importantly, they are looking for employees who are flexible and who will quickly take an

action when a problem occurs.

Also, Mendes (n.d.) claimed that employers’ value someone who can think

critically because they bring solutions and help improve businesses. Knowing how to

think critically can make big contributions to the company.

 Perceived Employability of… 8

In the study of Saad and Majid (2014) on a survey of 299 Malaysian employers

from different type of agencies and organizations which hire engineering and ICT

(Information Communication Technology) graduates, aims to examine the employer’s

perception on five most important employability skills. The findings showed that problem

solving skills which belong to the five most important employability skills is what an

employer’s find as one of the important skills.

Work Ethics

As claimed by Doyle (2018), ethics refer to the principles of an employee.

Employers want someone who understands and follows company rules. They want

someone who is honest, trustworthy, professional, and responsible.

As reported by Smykal (2016), a strong work ethic is one of the qualities that

employers look for in an employee. An applicant who has high self-set goals and is

willing to go beyond their comfort zone indicates the willingness to do more than what

they are used to.

Moreover, Vaughn-Furlow (2017) stated that work ethic is a belief that all hard

work pays off in the end. This is a natural ability that strengthens one’s character and

abilities. Employees who have this attitude have higher chances to get the job done.

They can be reliable because they are independent enough.

According to Kiefer as stated by Thill (2017), strong work ethics help a person

retain a job, get promoted or get hired. Skills can be taught through trainings, but ethics

cannot be learned because it is a natural quality of an individual.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Knowledge

As reported by Doyle (2018), every job requires a little knowledge about

 Perceived Employability of… 9

information technology like Microsoft Office, namely Word and Excel. Most importantly,

an employee must learn to adapt to changes in technology. Technical skills are needed

to be able to perform specific tasks such as mechanical, information technology,

mathematical, or scientific tasks.

Similarly, Bean-Mellinger (2017) stated that, employers are not expected to be

professionally skilled in the field of technology, but they are expected to know how to use

basic computer software programs. If your job requires you to use specialized software,

you must also know how to utilize it. You need to have knowledge about technology for

most of the employees today make letters, emails, and presentations with the use of

computers. Furthermore, ICT (Information and Communication Technology) connectivity

gave employees the capacity for information to be traded notwithstanding when an

individual was not actively exchanging information through ICTs (Bean-Mellinger, 2017).

Theoretical Framework

The framework of the study is the USEM (Understanding Skill Practices Efficacy

Beliefs Metacognition) model by Knight and Yorke (2013). They defined employability is

seen to be influenced amongst other things by students’ self-efficacy beliefs, student’s

self-theories and personal qualities. They highlight that what is of more significant here is

the perspective of students that they could make a difference in this world. This

significantly includes a wider range of attributes required to be successful within

employment, but it also includes the attributes required to manage one’s career

development in ways that will sustain one’s employability. Nonetheless, Knight (2013)

have designed a model called USEM model of employability for they suggest that there

is a relationship between employability and good learning and stressed results from four

broad areas mainly understanding, skillful practices, efficacy beliefs, and metacognition.
 Perceived Employability of… 10

The USEM model provides a structure for thinking about how to insert employability into

the curriculum and recognizes the needs of students, employers and other stakeholders

must be considered. It likewise urges us to reflect on the way curricula includes

assessment that develops the student’s efficacy and metacognition and relate this to the

development of subject knowledge and professional skills that are transferable to the

training setting.

Figure 1 shows the USEM Model of Employability which presents four interrelated

components of employability: understanding, skills, efficacy beliefs and metacognition.

With this, the model serves as a support in the study by providing the

researchers a basis that employability is related to the skills and qualities embodied by a

person.
 Perceived Employability of… 11

Conceptual Framework

Communication
Skills

Teamwork

Problem Solving
Skills Perceived
Employability
Work Ethics

ICT Skills

Figure 2. Five dimensions to perceive employability

Figure 2 shows the five (5) skill dimensions which determine the overall

perceived employability of SHS graduates. This illustrates that a graduate’s perceived

employability is determined by how employers perceive their a) communication skills, b)

teamwork, c) problem solving skills, d) work ethics, and e) ICT skills.

Statement of the problem

The study seeks to determine the perceived employability of senior high school

graduates. Specifically, this aims to answer the question:

1. What is the perceived level of employability of senior high graduates in terms of:

a. Communication Skills?;

b. Teamwork?;

c. Problem Solving Skills?;

d. Work Ethics?; and,

e. ICT Skills?
 Perceived Employability of… 12

CHAPTER II

METHODS

This chapter presents the method utilized by the researchers in gathering of data.

This includes the research design, locale, respondents, instruments, procedures, data

analysis and ethical considerations.

Design

The researchers used a descriptive approach since the study aims to know the

perceived employability of senior high school graduates. As emphasized by Jerusalem

et.al (2017), descriptive research is a way of collecting information about the study and

measures if a sample can demonstrate validity. Furthermore, the study used quantitative

design of research. Jerusalem et al. (2017) state that quantitative research is a way of

collecting measurable data that can be transformed into numbers and utilize results from

a larger sample population. Quantitative research uses mathematics in collecting and

analyzing data. For this argument, the researchers studied about the perceived

employability of senior high school graduates. In addition, the study used a survey

questionnaire. According to Jerusalem et.al (2017), the researchers can use a survey

questionnaire because it enables researchers to judge the performance of work

immersion students in terms of their capacity and ability to work. Survey questionnaire is

the most appropriate research method for the study.

Locale
 Perceived Employability of… 13

The study was conducted in the selected work immersion sites of a higher

educational institution in Davao City.

Respondents

The respondents of this study were the work immersion supervisors of the work

immersion sites of a higher educational institution in Davao City. The field of work of the

work immersion supervisors is related to the strands Science, Technology, Engineering

and Mathematics (STEM), Accountancy and Business Management (ABM) and

Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS). There were five partner institutions namely:

one (1) engineering firm there were fourteen (14) supervisors, two (2) hospitals there

were eighty-six (86) supervisors, one (1) shopping mall there were two (2) supervisors,

and (1) educational institution there were eight (8) supervisors. Thus, there was a total of

110 respondents. Since there was a limited number of respondents, all of the

supervisors were the respondents of the study. As stated by Hopkins (2000), a

descriptive study usually has a sample of one hundred to a few thousands in order to

have an accurate estimate of the relationship between variables. In addition, most of the

statisticians agree that the minimum sample size is 100. This sample size can be rough,

but this can still get any kind of meaningful result and an idea for their opinions. If your

population is less than 100, you will need to survey all of them (Bullen, 2014). The

researchers used purposive sampling method to choose the respondents. According to

Foley (2018), purposive sampling is a type of non-probability sample in which it is based

on the judgment of the researchers when selecting respondents to participate in the

study. Therefore, the researchers used purposive sampling in choosing the respondents

that suits the requirement set by them.

 Perceived Employability of… 14

Measurements

The primary tool used by the researchers to gather data is a survey questionnaire

that contains the different questions with regards to the perceived employability of senior

high school graduates. The partially adapted questionnaire, from Orji (2013), was in

checklist form containing the skills that the employers are looking for in an applicant.

There were nineteen (19) statements that are connected to the five skills mentioned in

the Review of Related Literature. The statements were organized randomly to avoid

bias, but the researchers knew which question measured the 5 different dimensions. Q1,

Q6, Q11 measured communication skills; Q2, Q7, Q12 measured problem-solving; Q3,

Q8, Q16, Q13 measured team work; Q4, Q9, Q14, Q17 measured information and

communication technology; Q5, Q10, Q15, Q18, Q19 measured work ethics. A Likert

scale was used to measure the perceptions of the respondents towards the

employability of the Senior High School graduates. The survey questionnaire was

subjected to a pilot study to test its reliability and validity. The gathering of data was

administered by giving each of the respondents a printed copy of the questionnaire. The

researchers gave them a time frame of 1 hour for them to answer the given

questionnaire profoundly.

Procedure

The following were the steps observed while conducting the study:

First step was the selection of topic. The researchers formulated different research

questions and problems. Also, the researchers set the objectives of the study and have

an initial search for information through reviewing literature related to the topic.

Second step was the presentation of the topic to the research adviser. The study

was presented for recommendations regarding the topic.

 Perceived Employability of… 15

Third step was the development of theoretical and conceptual frameworks. Then,

the study was presented to the three panelists from a higher educational institution in

Davao City for the discussion and recommendations.

Fourth step was the validation of the instrument. The researchers submitted the

partially adapted questionnaire to the research adviser. Then, the instrument was

validated by an expert in the field of research from a higher educational institution in

Davao City. Moreover, the study was subjected for the ethical review. The researchers

waited for the approval from the ethics review.

Fifth step, the researchers sent a letter to the Human Resource Head to each of

the five (5) partner institutions to ask permission to allow them to conduct the study.

Sixth step was the selection of respondents. The study used purposive sampling

for the selection of respondents. The respondents of this study were the work immersion

supervisors of the work immersion sites of a higher educational institution in Davao City.

There was an individual orientation for the respondents before handing out the informed

consent to them.

Seventh step was the data collection. The instruments that the researchers used

was a validated and partially adapted survey questionnaire form.

Last step is interpretation of the data that has been collected. The gathered data

was interpreted using mean and standard deviation. Through this, the researchers were

able to come up with the results.

Data Analysis

The researchers identified that the scale of measurement to be used in gathering

data is nominal. This descriptive quantitative study is univariate which has one variable.

Second, this quantitative research used descriptive statistics to present the data. The
 Perceived Employability of… 16

present study used frequency which is the first statistical measure that was used to

analyze the data. Korb (2013) claimed that frequency statistics is used to count how

many times the variable occurred. This was used to count the answers of the

respondents in each given question in the survey questionnaire.

After using frequency, the researchers used mean and standard deviation in

analyzing the data. Mean is the arithmetic average of all the given data and it is

calculated by adding all the data and dividing it by the total number of data (Biddix, n.d.).

The researchers calculated the mean of the responses to find out the perceived

employability of senior high school graduates based on the evaluation of the work

immersion supervisors and the results was interpreted based on the table below.

Table 1. Mathematical Analysis and Interpretation of Responses Table

Rating Mean Response Interpretation

From To

1 1.00 1.79 Strongly Disagree The learners do not possess the

skill
2 1.80 2.59 Disagree The learners rarely possess the
skill
3 2.60 3.40 Somewhat Agree The learners often possess the
skill
4 3.41 4.20 Agree The learners possess the skill

5 4.21 5.00 Strongly Agree The learners strongly possess the

skill

Ethical Considerations

The following was considered before, during and after the conduct of the study:
 Perceived Employability of… 17

For the Respondents

The respondents of the said research were the work immersion supervisors of

the work immersion sites of a higher educational institution in Davao City. The

respondents had the right to decide whether they partake in this research. Also, the

respondents were given ample time to think profoundly to consider their involvement

with the study. Furthermore, the participation was totally voluntary. Before the informed

consent was given, there was an orientation to the respondent regarding the study.

Confidentiality and Privacy

To ensure confidentiality, no personal and identifying information of the

respondents is to be revealed. On the other hand, to ensure privacy, during the actual

survey the respondent will answer the survey questionnaire in their workplace.

During data analysis, only the researchers, the statistician and the research adviser will

have access to the information gathered. In addition, the answered survey

questionnaires will be kept in a locked cabinet and will be disposed and shredded after

six (6) months.

 Perceived Employability of… 18

CHAPTER III

RESULTS

This chapter presents the results of the study. The results are presented in
tabular forms which were carefully analyzed and interpreted by the researchers.

Perceived Employability of Senior High School Graduates

Table 1.a

Perceived Employability in terms of Communication

Skills
Item Statements Mean SD Interpretation
Learners can speak and write clearly 4.459 0.061 Very High
Learners can read and understand information in words,
3.730 0.091 High
graphs, diagrams, or charts
Learners listen and ask questions in order to understand
3.905 0.086 High
instructions and other people’s points of view
Grand Mean 4.032 High

Based on the data presented on Table 1.a, communication skill has a mean

score of 4.032 (high) for the overall performance of the senior high school graduates.

Communication skills measure the learner’s ability to interact with other people in the

workplace.

Among the three variables in measuring the communication skills, it is the first

variable that has the highest mean score having 4.459 (very high). This variable

measure if the senior high school graduates can speak and write clearly. On the other

hand, the variable with the lowest mean score is the second variable which measure the
 Perceived Employability of… 19

senior high school graduates’ ability to read and understand illustrated data. For this

variable, it has a mean score of 3.730 (high).

Table 1.b

Perceived Employability in terms of Teamwork

Item Statements Mean SD Interpretation

*Learners do not work/cooperate well with other

3.459 90.114 High
employees and team leaders

Learners can lead a team at the

3.378 0.098 Moderate
workplace

Learners has negotiating/persuading

3.446 0.091 High
skills

Learners value respect for others 4.324 0.090 Very High

Grand Mean 3.652 High

*Reponses to negative items were reversed.

Table 1.b shows the mean of the perceived employability in terms of teamwork. It

revealed mean results under each of the following variables: senior high school

graduates do not work/cooperate well with other employees and team leaders (3.459),

senior high school graduates can lead a team at the workplace (3.378), senior high

school graduates have negotiating/persuading skills (3.446), and senior high school

graduates value respect for others (4.324). Having an overall rating of (3.652), the verbal

description for all the variables was high (Table 1.b).

 Perceived Employability of… 20

Table 1.c

Perceived Employability in terms of Problem Solving Skills

Item Statements Mean SD Interpretation

Learners can assess situations, identify problems and

3.486 0.102 High
evaluate solutions

Learners can recognize the many dimensions of a

3.432 0.090 High
problem and can determine a root cause

Learners can be seen with creativity when solving

3.514 0.100 High
problems

Grand Mean 3.477 High

Table 1.C shows that the perceived employability of senior high school graduates

has a mean of 3.477 (high) in terms of problem solving skills. In comparing with all the

variables under this dimension, the third variable has the highest mean with 3.514 while

the second variable has the lowest mean with 3.432.

Table 1.d

Perceived Employability in terms of Work Ethics

Item Statements Mean SD Interpretation

Learners can be seen with willingness in the task given 4.054 0.088 High
Learners follow rules in the
4.068 0.093 High
workplace
Learners are responsible enough to do the
4.027 0.082 High
task given
Learners can deliver what is expected of them 3.757 0.092 High
Learners can be trusted with confidential
3.716 0.097 High
matters
Grand Mean 3.924 High
 Perceived Employability of… 21

The data presented on Table 1.d shows that the senior high school graduates of

the work immersion program has a mean score of 3.924 (high) in finding out their

perceived employability in terms of work ethics. Among all the variables included in

finding out the perceived employability in terms of work ethics, it is the second variable

that has the highest mean score for the dimension. The senior high school graduates

have a mean score of 4.068 (high) for the said variable.

On the other hand, the variable with the lowest mean score in this dimension is

the fifth variable. For this variable, the senior high school graduates have a mean score

of 3.716 (high).

Table 1.e

Perceived Employability in terms of ICT Skills

Item Statements Mean SD Interpretation
Learners are familiar with word
3.581 0.082 High
processing
Learners can utilize the internet for information 4.068 0.099 High
Learners are familiar with or use emails to send and
3.986 0.106 High
receive mails
Learners are familiar with the tools and processes inside
3.459 0.091 High
the workplace
Grand Mean 3.774 High

Based on the data presented on table 1.e, the perceived employability of senior

high school graduates in terms of ICT skills has a total mean score of 3.774 which

means high. It revealed these means under each of the following indicators: senior high

school graduates are familiar with word processing (3.581), senior high school graduates

can utilize the internet for information (4.068), senior high school graduates are familiar
 Perceived Employability of… 22

with or use emails to send and receive mail (3.986), senior high school graduates are

familiar with the tools and process inside the workplace (3.459).

Table 1.f

Perceived employability of senior high school graduates

Dimensions Mean Interpretation
Communication Skills 4.032 High
Teamwork 3.652 High
Problem Solving Skills 3.477 High
Work Ethics 3.924 High
ICT Skills 3.774 High
Grand Mean 3.7718 High

The overall perceived employability of senior high school graduates is 3.7718

with an interpretation of high. The five dimensions which measure the perceived

employability have a mean of the following: communication skills is 4.032 (high),

teamwork is 3.652 (high), problem solving skills is 3.477 (high), work ethics is 3.924

(high), ICT skills is 3.774 (high).

 Perceived Employability of… 23

CHAPTER IV

DISCUSSIONS

This chapter presents the discussion of the study. The discussions presented

were carefully analyzed and interpreted by the researchers.

Discussion on the Perceived Employability of the Senior High School Graduates in terms
of Communication Skills

Results show that the perceived employability of the senior high school graduates

is high in terms of communication skills. Since the senior high school graduates scored

high in terms of communication skills, this means that the senior high school graduates

highly possess the skill. Thus, senior high school graduates can speak and write clearly,

can read and comprehend information in their respective workplace, and can converse

well with their workmates and supervisors.

Furthermore, the result was supported with the views of Doyle (2018) that

communication skills are the ability of a person to share information to others. Employers

look for people with good written, verbal and nonverbal communication skills. Employees
 Perceived Employability of… 24

need to be a good listener to be able to understand the concerns of the clients and the

orders of their employers.

Moreover, in a survey conducted by Graduate Management Admission Council

(GMAC) Research Team (2018), it was found out that communication skill is the top skill

that employers are looking for and this was based on the survey of nearly 1000

employers on business school campuses. In addition, as stated in the study of Suarta et

al. (2017), communication skills is one of the skills with the highest importance level in

terms of employability.

Discussion on the Perceived Employability of the Senior High School Graduates in terms
of Teamwork

Findings reveal that senior high school graduates have high perceived

employability in terms of teamwork which has a mean of 3.652. The result indicates that

the senior high school graduates cooperate well with other employees as well as their

team leaders, also they have negotiating, and persuading skills and they value respect

for others. However, with regards to leading a team the senior high school graduates

have a moderate mean which means that they either have or do not have the skill.

Wyant (2018) stated that almost every industry needs teamwork and employees

are the team players. Whatever work the employees have, they still need to work well

with a group and have good communicating skills with their employers. Most importantly,

an employee or manager must develop effective teamwork skills. Making teamwork one

of the important skills that an employee should possess. In addition, Doyle (2018) stated

that teamwork is significant in most work places. Employees sometimes must work as a

group in a project and having a good relationship with his/her teammates is a huge

factor to complete their goals. Most importantly, an employee or manager must develop
 Perceived Employability of… 25

effective teamwork skills. Accordingly, Toner (2011) teamwork skill is significant in the

modern workforce because of the increased need of the more productive work of the

organization methods

Discussion on the Perceived Employability of the Senior High School Graduates in terms
of Problem solving Skills
The results show that the senior high school graduates have a high mean of

perceived employability in terms of problem solving skills which indicates that learners

can assess situations, recognize problems and can be seen with creativity with solving

problems.

To strengthen the result, as stated in University of Durham (n.d.), an employer

looks for someone who can identify and assess potential problems and who can come

up with a solution. Importantly, they are looking for employees who are flexible and who

will quickly take an action when a problem occurs. To add, Mendes (n.d.) claimed that

employers’ value someone who can think critically because they bring solutions and help

improve businesses. Knowing how to think critically can make big contributions to the

company. Furthermore, in the study of Saad and Majid (2014) on a survey of 299

Malaysian employers from different type of agencies and organizations which hire

engineering and ICT (Information Communication Technology) graduates, findings

showed that problem solving skill which belong to the five most important employability

skills is what an employer’s find as one of the important skills.

Discussion on the Perceived Employability of the Senior High School Graduates in terms
of Work Ethics
 Perceived Employability of… 26

Findings show that the perceived employability of senior high school graduates in

terms of work ethics has a mean of 3.924 which means high. The findings reveal that the

senior high school graduates can be seen with willingness and responsible in the given

task, can follow rules in the workplace, can be trusted with confidential matters and can

deliver what is expected of them.

According to Kiefer as stated by Thill (2017), strong work ethics help a person

retain a job, get promoted or get hired. Also, as claimed by Doyle (2018), ethics refer to

the principles of an employee. Employers want someone who understands and follows

company rules. They want someone who is honest, trustworthy, professional, and

responsible. Moreover, as reported by Smykal (2016), a strong work ethic is one of the

qualities that employers look for in an employee.

Discussion on the Perceived Employability of the Senior High School Graduates in terms
of ICT Skills

Findings show that the perceived employability of senior high school graduates

with regards to ICT skill is high which explains that the learners can utilize the internet

and is familiar with word processing, email and the tools and processes inside the

workplace.

As indicated by Doyle (2018), technical skills are needed to be able to perform

specific tasks such as mechanical, information technology, mathematical, or scientific

tasks. In addition, Bean-Mellinger (2017) stated that employees are expected to know

how to use basic computer software programs. Also, employees need to have

knowledge about technology for most of the employees today make letters, emails, and

presentations with the use of computers.

 Perceived Employability of… 27

Discussions for the Results of Overall Perceived Employability

of Senior High School Graduates

The perceived employability of the senior high school graduates in terms of

communication skills, teamwork, problem solving skills, work ethics, ICT skills is high

which means that the senior high school graduates possessed all the skills indicating

they are highly employable. As indicated by Doyle (2018), employability is the ability and

attribute of an individual in order to obtain a job. In addition, general skills are important

because employers always look for an applicant who has the skills and qualities to work.

The theory used in the study is USEM Model by Knight and Yorke (2013). This theory

relates to the result since this model links to personal qualities, skills and knowledge

needed to be able to land a job. With this model serves as one of the basis for

employability, senior high school students can take into account that skills is required for

employability. Thus, this study will help senior high school graduates to understand the

skills needed for employability. It will also help them to improve their skills to meet the

needs of the job market.

In this study, the respondents were the work immersion supervisors. These

supervisors were the ones who handled the senior high school graduates during the

work immersion course. The study only considered specific academic strands such as

HUMSS (Humanities and Social Studies), STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and

Mathematics) and ABM (Accountancy and Business Management) strands. Those

supervisors were from the partner institutions of a higher educational institution.

The study did not meet the desired number of respondents due to the

disapproval of one shopping mall. Also, due to the lack of time since the study needs to
 Perceived Employability of… 28

be reviewed for about one (1) month from the ethics committee of one of the private

hospitals.

Summary

After the results were gathered, the following findings are established.

The perceived employability of senior high school graduates in terms of

communication skills is 4.032 which signifies high. This means the learners can give and

receive different kinds of information. On the other hand, teamwork has a mean score of

3.652 which is also high. This implies that the learners can cooperate well with other

people. On the contrary, problem solving skills has a mean score of 3.477 which

indicates high. This conveys that the learners can assess situations, identify problems,

and evaluate solutions. Conversely, work ethics has a mean score of 3.924 which

means high. In other words, the learners are responsible enough to do the task given.

Lastly, ICT skills has a mean score of 3.774 which means high. Hence, the learners are

familiar with the tools and processes inside the workplace. Overall, the senior high

school graduates have a high employability.

Conclusions

Based on the findings, the researchers conclude the following:

The perceived level of employability of Senior High School graduates was high in

terms of communication skills, teamwork, problem solving skills, work ethics, and ICT

skills. It can be concluded from this study that senior high school graduates are

competent in the employability skills categories and place high value on these skills. In
 Perceived Employability of… 29

other words, senior high school graduates had the qualities that the employers are

looking for. Thus, they are capable for being employed.

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions, the researchers recommended that:

1. The senior high school students should possess the dimensions that were

discussed in this study for them to be employed. This study would help them

in determining whether they are employable or not.

2. The school administration should expose the learners in handling various

work- related activities and areas in the work place that will help them

improve their skills rather than just merely observation.

3. The companies should conduct training and seminars for the learners to have

an in-depth understanding of their work.

4. The future researchers should increase the number of respondents to gain a

wider perspective of the topic. The researchers also recommend to look for

other companies’ perception for comparison. The study will serve as a basis

for future studies involving employability of senior high school students

 Perceived Employability of… 30

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

TRANSMITAL LETTERS
Perceived Employability of… 31
Perceived Employability of… 32
Perceived Employability of… 33
 Perceived Employability of… 34

APPENDIX B

VALIDATION LETTERS AND RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

Perceived Employability of… 35
Perceived Employability of… 36
Perceived Employability of… 37
Perceived Employability of… 38
Perceived Employability of… 39
 Perceived Employability of… 40

APPENDIX C

INFORMED CONSENT

SAN PEDRO COLLEGE

Informed Consent Form for the Respondents

This informed consent is for the work immersion supervisors of the work
immersion sites of a higher educational institution in Davao City who we are
inviting to participate in our quantitative research study entitled: Perceived
Employability of Senior High School Graduates
Perceived Employability of Senior High School Graduates
Lawrence Mart C. Lumantas Jamaicah Z. Iligan
Krizzia Jane Rose Ayam Kristile-Ann L. Pacate
John Joseph B. Chu Anthonet Grace K. Peñalver
Maria Clarissa A. Flores Cristy Ann F. Pate
This informed consent form has two parts:
 Information sheet (to share information about the research with
you)
 Certificate of Consent (for signature if you wish to take part)
Part 1: Information Sheet
Introduction
We, the researchers from the Senior High School Department of a higher
educational institution in Davao City, are conducting a quantitative research
study about the perceived employability of senior high school graduates. We are
going to give you information and invite you to be part of our research. You are
not forced to decide today to participate, we will give you time to think profoundly.
If there are any clarifications regarding with the study, you are free to ask
questions any time.
Purpose
 Perceived Employability of… 41

This study intends to determine the perceived employability of senior high

school graduates in terms of communication skills, problem-solving, teamwork,
ICT skills and work ethics. In addition, our study also aims to determine what
qualities must be possessed by graduates of K-12 program for them to be
employed in different industries.

Type of Research Intervention

This research will involve the participation of work immersion supervisors
of the work immersion sites of a higher educational institution in Davao City
wherein they will answer the survey questions given to them.

Respondent Selection
We are inviting the work immersion supervisors of the work immersion
sites of a higher educational institution in Davao City

Voluntary Participation
The participation for this research is totally voluntary. It is up to the
respondents if they will participate or not.

Procedures
The researchers will personally give the respondents a survey
questionnaire. The researchers will assist the respondents if there are any
clarifications or confusions regarding with the study. The answered survey
questionnaires will be disposed after six (6) months. The survey will take place
on the respective workplace of the respondents.

Duration
The research will take place on the last week of February 2019. During
that time, we will be giving the survey questionnaire to the work immersion
supervisors of the work immersion sites of a higher educational institution in
Davao City.

Risks
The views of the respondents will not reflect those of their institution or
workplace. On the other hand, it is inevitable that during the survey, the
respondents are occupied with work and it may cause slight disturbance.

Benefits
There will be no immediate benefit to you, but your participation will help
us to determine the level of perceived employability of senior high school
graduates.
 Perceived Employability of… 42

Reimbursements
You will not be provided any incentives to take part in the research, but
you will receive a token of appreciation for your participation. Furthermore, we
will provide you snacks during the conduct of the survey.

Confidentiality
The respondents’ identity in this research will not be shared. The
information gather will be kept confidential; it will not be shared with or given to
anyone except to our research adviser and panelists.

Right to Withdraw
You have the right to refuse to take part of this research if they do not wish
to do so even during the survey.

Who to contact
If you have any questions or clarifications, you may contact any of the
following: Lawrence Mart C. Lumantas (lumantas.laws9@gmail.com,
09481560307), Krizzia Jane Rose Ayam (krizziaayam@gmail.com,
09560347387), John Joseph B. Chu (chujohnjoseph43@gmail.com,
09954818295), Maria Clarissa A. Flores (mcafloress9@gmail.com,
09283691109), Jamaicah Z. Iligan (jiligans9@gmail.com, 09460196657), Kristile-
Ann L. Pacate (kapacates9@gmail.com, 09173111970), Cristy Ann F. Pate
(cafpates9@gmail.com, 09338595651) Anthonet Grace K. Peñalver
(anthonetgrace@gmail.com, 09498649819).
 Perceived Employability of… 43

Part II: Certificate of Consent for the Respondents

You have been invited to participate in this quantitative research study
entitled: Perceived Employability of Senior High School Graduates, which will
determine the perceived employability of senior high school graduates through
your evaluation as work immersion supervisor.
I have read the foregoing information. I had the opportunity to ask
question about it and any question I have asked have been answered
satisfactorily. I will participate in this study.

Name of Respondent: ____________________________________

Signature of Respondent: _________________________________
Date: __________________________________
 Perceived Employability of… 44

APPENDIX D

ETHICS CERTIFICATE
 Perceived Employability of… 45

APPENDIX E

TABULATION OF RAW DATA

RESPONDENTS S1 S6 S11 S2 S7 S12 S3 S8 S13 S16 S4 S9 S14 S17 S5 S10 S15 S18 S19

R1 5 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 5 3 3 5 3 4 5 4 3 3

R2 5 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 5 3 4 5 3 4 5 4 3 3

R3 5 4 4 5 4 3 5 4 3 5 4 5 5 3 4 4 5 4 4

R4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

R5 5 5 4 4 5 4 4 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5

R6 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5

R7 5 4 4 5 4 3 5 4 3 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 5 4 4

R8 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 4

R9 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

R10 5 4 5 4 4 5 3 3 4 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 4

R11 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4

R12 5 4 4 4 4 4 2 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4

R13 4 5 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 3 5 4 3 2 3 3 4 4

R14 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 5 4 5 4 4 4 4

R15 5 4 4 4 3 4 5 3 4 4 3 5 3 4 4 4 4 4 4

R16 4 4 3 3 3 3 5 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 3 5 4 3

R17 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 5 4 1 1 4 5 4 5 4 5

R18 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 4 5 4 5 3 4 4 4

R19 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 5

R20 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4
 Perceived Employability of… 46

R21 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 3 4 4 4

R22 4 3 5 3 3 5 4 3 4 5 3 4 4 3 5 5 5 4 4

R23 5 4 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 3 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5

R24 4 3 4 3 3 4 5 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 3

R25 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 5 3 4 4 5 5 5 4 5 5

R26 4 3 4 2 3 5 3 5 5 5 4 5 4 3 5 5 3 5 5

R27 4 4 5 3 3 5 4 3 4 5 3 5 5 3 5 4 5 5 5

R28 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 4 2 4 5 5 5 5

R29 5 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 3 5 5 5 4 4

R30 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 3 5 5 3 5 3 4 4 3

R31 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 2 5 5 2 4 3 4 3 2

R32 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 5 4 5 5 3 4 4 3 3 3

R33 5 4 3 4 3 3 3 2 2 1 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 3

R34 5 5 3 4 5 4 4 2 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 3

R35 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

R36 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

R37 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 2 4 2 4 3 2 4 3 4 3 2

R38 5 3 4 4 4 3 5 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 4

R39 5 4 4 3 3 4 2 1 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4

R40 4 2 3 4 2 2 2 2 2 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3

R41 4 3 3 3 3 2 4 2 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 3

R42 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 5 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4

R43 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3

R44 4 3 4 3 3 4 2 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 4

R45 4 3 5 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 3 5 4 3 4
 Perceived Employability of… 47

R46 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5

R47 4 4 5 3 4 5 2 3 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 3

R48 5 5 4 3 4 3 2 4 3 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 4 3 5

R49 4 3 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 2 4 3 3

R50 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

R51 4 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 2

R52 5 5 3 2 4 3 3 3 3 5 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 3

R53 5 5 3 2 4 3 3 3 3 5 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 3

R54 4 3 4 1 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3

R55 5 4 4 1 1 1 5 5 1 4 5 5 1 3 5 5 4 1 1

R56 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

R57 4 4 2 4 3 2 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 3

R58 5 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

R59 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 3 4 3

R60 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 3 4 3 4

R61 4 4 5 4 5 4 4 3 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 3 4

R62 4 3 2 4 4 3 2 2 2 4 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 3

R63 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4

R64 5 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 5 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

R65 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 4

R66 4 2 3 2 2 3 5 3 3 5 3 4 3 2 5 4 4 3 4

R67 4 3 4 4 3 4 2 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

R68 5 4 4 5 3 3 4 3 3 5 3 4 4 3 4 5 3 3 3

R69 5 3 5 2 2 2 4 2 3 4 4 5 5 1 4 5 5 3 4

R70 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 4
 Perceived Employability of… 48

R71 4 4 5 4 3 4 2 3 4 5 3 4 4 3 3 5 4 3 3

R72 5 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 2 3 3 3

R73 5 3 5 3 3 3 5 3 3 5 4 2 2 4 4 5 5 5 5

R74 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3
 Perceived Employability of… 49

APPENDIX F

OTHER TABLES

Descriptive Statistics Summary on Communication Skills

S1 S6 S11

Mean 4.459 Mean 3.730 Mean 3.905

Standard Error 0.061 Standard Error 0.091 Standard Error 0.086

Median 4 Median 4 Median 4

Mode 4 Mode 4 Mode 4

Standard Deviation 0.528 Standard Deviation 0.782 Standard Deviation 0.743

Sample Variance 0.279 Sample Variance 0.611 Sample Variance 0.553

Kurtosis -1.368 Kurtosis -0.511 Kurtosis -0.205

Skewness -0.121 Skewness -0.011 Skewness -0.257

Range 2 Range 3 Range 3

Minimum 3 Minimum 2 Minimum 2

Maximum 5 Maximum 5 Maximum 5

Sum 330 Sum 276 Sum 289

Count 74 Count 74 Count 74

Descriptive Statistics Summary on Teamwork

S3 S8 S13 S16

Mean 3.459 Mean 3.378 Mean 3.446 Mean 4.324

Standard Error 0.114 Standard Error 0.098 Standard Error 0.091 Standard Error 0.090
 Perceived Employability of… 50

Median 3.5 Median 3 Median 3.5 Median 4

Mode 4 Mode 3 Mode 4 Mode 5

Standard Deviation 0.982 Standard Deviation 0.839 Standard Deviation 0.779 Standard Deviation 0.778

Sample Variance 0.964 Sample Variance 0.704 Sample Variance 0.607 Sample Variance 0.606

Kurtosis -0.627 Kurtosis 0.080 Kurtosis 0.496 Kurtosis 3.130

Skewness -0.151 Skewness -0.104 Skewness -0.441 Skewness -1.360

Range 4 Range 4 Range 4 Range 4

Minimum 1 Minimum 1 Minimum 1 Minimum 1

Maximum 5 Maximum 5 Maximum 5 Maximum 5

Sum 256 Sum 250 Sum 255 Sum 320

Count 74 Count 74 Count 74 Count 74

Descriptive Statistics Summary on Problem Solving Skills

S2 S7 S12

Mean 3.486486486 Mean 3.432432432 Mean 3.513513514

Standard Error 0.102257458 Standard Error 0.090416538 Standard Error 0.100430844

Median 4 Median 3 Median 4

Mode 4 Mode 3 Mode 4

Standard Standard Standard

Deviation 0.879651912 Deviation 0.777792469 Deviation 0.863938786

Sample Sample Sample

Variance 0.773787486 Variance 0.604961126 Variance 0.746390226

Kurtosis 0.496419141 Kurtosis 0.548187933 Kurtosis 0.058023887

-
Skewness -0.640386699 Skewness 0.217691289 Skewness -0.304778752
 Perceived Employability of… 51

Range 4 Range 4 Range 4

Minimum 1 Minimum 1 Minimum 1

Maximum 5 Maximum 5 Maximum 5

Sum 258 Sum 254 Sum 260

Count 74 Count 74 Count 74

Descriptive Statistics Summary on Work Ethics

S5 S10 S15 S18 S19

4.054054 4.067567 4.027027 3.756756

Mean 054 Mean 568 Mean 027 Mean 757 Mean 3.716

Standard 0.087948 Standard 0.092940 Standard 0.081573 Standard 0.091898 Standard

Error 127 Error 529 Error 232 Error 425 Error 0.097

Median 4 Median 4 Median 4 Median 4 Median 4

Mode 4 Mode 4 Mode 4 Mode 4 Mode 4

Standard 0.756558 Standard 0.799504 Standard 0.701719 Standard 0.790540 Standard

Deviation 392 Deviation 66 Deviation 473 Deviation 145 Deviation 0.836

Sample 0.572380 Sample 0.639207 Sample 0.492410 Sample 0.624953 Sample

Variance 6 Variance 701 Variance 218 Variance 721 Variance 0.699

- -
0.019407 0.068393 0.146958 0.843143
Kurtosis 505 Kurtosis 815 Kurtosis 787 Kurtosis 668 Kurtosis 0.511

- - - -
0.480775 0.619350 0.281799 0.388804
Skewness 01 Skewness 085 Skewness 734 Skewness 694 Skewness -0.430

Range 3 Range 3 Range 3 Range 4 Range 4

Minimum 2 Minimum 2 Minimum 2 Minimum 1 Minimum 1

Maximum 5 Maximum 5 Maximum 5 Maximum 5 Maximum 5

 Perceived Employability of… 52

Sum 300 Sum 301 Sum 298 Sum 278 Sum 275

Count 74 Count 74 Count 74 Count 74 Count 74

Descriptive Statistics Summary on ICT Skills

S4 S9 S14 S17

Mean 3.581081081 Mean 4.067567568 Mean 3.986486486 Mean 3.459459459

Standard Error 0.081649862 Standard Error 0.09873521 Standard Error 0.106252588 Standard Error 0.090637606

Median 4 Median 4 Median 4 Median 3

Mode 4 Mode 4 Mode 4 Mode 3

Standard Standard Standard Standard

Deviation 0.702378674 Deviation 0.84935239 Deviation 0.914019322 Deviation 0.779694165

Sample Sample Sample Sample

Variance 0.493335802 Variance 0.721399482 Variance 0.835431322 Variance 0.607922991

-
Kurtosis 0.096682754 Kurtosis 1.022250001 Kurtosis 1.68351685 Kurtosis 0.555186521

- - - -
Skewness 0.174694496 Skewness 0.820259965 Skewness 1.079119168 Skewness 0.307359966

Range 3 Range 4 Range 4 Range 4

Minimum 2 Minimum 1 Minimum 1 Minimum 1

Maximum 5 Maximum 5 Maximum 5 Maximum 5

Sum 265 Sum 301 Sum 295 Sum 256

Count 74 Count 74 Count 74 Count 74

Perceived Employability of… 53
Perceived Employability of… 54
Perceived Employability of… 55
Perceived Employability of… 56
Perceived Employability of… 57