Introduction to Cross Wrap Designs

By BD Ehler
Cross Wrap 1

Decorating fishing rods with thread designs has been around for many years. To
the new rod builder and some of the experienced rod builders the process of placing a
cross wrap design on the butt section of a rod can be intimidating. The goal of this series
of articles is to help remove the confusion from doing cross wraps by explaining how
these designs are created. Our hope is to stimulate builders to try this form of decoration.

This series of articles will include definitions of thread art terms (with pictures as
examples), the types of processes that can be used in wrapping, the layout methods of
starting the cross wrap, and eventually the process of creating cross wrap designs using
charting tape.

These articles will be posted on the main forum for all builders to copy/print for
future use. Any questions about an article are invited to be posted on the main forum in
hopes that various rod builders can give their answers, which will provide a variety of
methods from which the builder can choose. Due to my phone modem connection and
limits on our forum page, these articles will be short (one page). There will be many
articles, so print them, save them and you should have a good resource for your attempts
at rod thread art.

This is an example of a chevron cross wrap shaded from right to left by using three
shades of green regular A thread and three shades of green metallic A thread finished
with 2 threads of metallic silver. Notice on the right side of this photo two vertical cracks
in the finish. This was caused by breaking the rod blank by high sticking the rod on a
crappie, which is embarrassing with Don Morton in the boat with you. Fortunately, the
rod was repaired (stronger) and the cross wrap
Introduction to Cross Wrap Designs
Cross Wrap 2

What do you need to begin a cross wrap? For starters, pick a piece of a rod blank,
an old blank or even a wooden dowel available from the hardware store. Some rod
builders put five or six designs on a three foot dowel and have them to show the potential
rod purchaser. The diameter of the piece chosen to work on can be any size because you
will soon learn to size your design to fit the rod. The best design size is one that shows
the whole design when viewed from above. This photo shows different size diameters
and designs. Notice the top design is a six point star which is too large for the rod
because the design wraps around the rod and cannot be seen without turning the rod.

Take home lesson: Choose design that fits the rod

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Do you need a rod lathe to do cross wraps? The answer is no! After doing cross
wraps by hand holding the rod for 25 years, a rod lathe was finally added to my tools. If
you hold the rod by hand then you need to provide tension on the thread while spiraling
the thread up and down the rod. For regular thread you may use a tension device that the
thread is pulled through. Or you may use a large book to give the tension you desire.
Need more tension? Move the thread down more pages in the book. Both of these
methods require something to hold the spool of thread while wrapping. A cup, bowl or
the center of a spool of masking tape can corral the spool while turning. A small dowel
mounted vertically that fits into the center hole of the spool will hold the spool
adequately. If you are using metallic thread the tension needs to be applied to the spool
instead of the thread so the metallic thread does not come apart. A threaded bolt with
spring and wing nut will hold the spool with variable tension available.

If you wrap holding the rod by hand you will also need room for the tip section
especially on 7 foot, one piece rods. When spirally the thread up the rod the tip of the rod
is pointed forward (in front of you) and when spirally the thread back down the rod, the
tip of the rod is pointed rear-ward (behind you). You need enough space for this type of
wrapping. Here is an example of hand held wrapping –

Take home lesson: cross wraps can be down without expensive tools.
Introduction to Cross Wrap Designs
Cross Wrap 4

Another method of doing cross wraps without a rod lathe is to use rod supports to hold
the rod. Rod supports can be as simple as notches on both sides of a cardboard box or a
couple caster wheels mounted back to back on wooden blocks. More elaborate types of
rod supports can be made from wood, metal or plastic. Or they can be purchased ready-
made from many sources.

This method of cross wrapping entails holding the spool of thread in one hand while the
other hand turns the rod being held level in the supports. The thread is spiraled up the
rod (toward the tip) by one hand and then switching hands when spiraling the thread back
down the rod (toward the butt).

The hand holding the spool of thread supplies the tension on the thread. Experience will
teach you how much tension is correct. Too much or too little thread tension will lead to
problems in packing threads later in the wrapping. Clean hands are also important so you
do not transfer dirt or oil from your hands to the thread. The following is a photo of this
technique of cross wrapping

Take home lesson: use rod supports when working space is small.
Introduction to Cross Wrap Designs
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For those of you who do own a rod lathe, one of the many uses of the lathe is to
hold the rod while doing a cross wrap. A scrap piece of rod can be inserted into the butt
end of the rod and then the chuck is closed on the scrap piece so the chuck does not
damage the rod being wrapped. Using three or more lathe rod supports to support the rod
is ideal to keep the rod steady and under tension while turning.

The spool of thread is hand held while spiraling it up and down the rod to create
the design. The hand holding the spool of thread controls the thread tension. My
preference is to leave the belt from the lathe motor connected to the chuck as it provides
resistance and better tension control on the thread. The following photo shows a rod
chucked into a lathe while cross wrap is applied –

Take home lesson: Notice the masking tape reversed on itself with sticky side up to hold
threads from moving while reversing direction during wrapping. Some prefer double
stick tape for this purpose

1
Introduction To Cross Wraps
Cross Wraps 6

For those of you who may not be familiar with some of the thread terms here are
some examples.
Open wrap -- open spaces between designs which allows the rod or underwrap to show.

Closed wrap -- the threadwork of the design keeps going until the designs
touch each other with no rod showing under the wrapping.

Underwrap -- thread that is wound around the rod blank completely covering the area
for the butt wrap.
The design of the butt wrap is place over this underwrap.

In the above picture the tan is the underwrap while the brown and gold make the chevron
design called the optical chevron. It is supposed to create a 3-D effect like looking into a
box. In this design the underwrap should be the lightest color to help the 3-D effect.

Take home lesson: learn the definitions used in rod decorations.

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Are you still with me? Don’t panic yet as we will be getting to the good stuff soon!
Just a few more definitions, layout and information on tape replicas. I am trying to build a
good foundation for you on which to build your future knowledge of thread art.

Next we need to differentiate between single wrap patterns and double wrap
patterns. The single wrap pattern means that you will have a row of patterns on two
opposite sides of the rod. The preferable areas for single patterns are top and bottom. The
owner of the rod will enjoy being able to see the full pattern on the top of the rod while
they are holding it. Since the rod is round (usually) think of the cross section of the rod as
a circle with 0 degrees at the top and 180 degrees is at the bottom. The single wrap pattern
should be lined up straight down the rod at 0 and 180 degrees. Here is an example of a
single pattern wrap but also is an open wrap because you can see the rod through parts of
the design.

The double pattern wrap has the design on the 0 and 180 degree marks (top &
bottom) plus it also appears on each side of the rod at the 90 and 270-degree marks.
Duplicating your thread wraps on the top pattern, then on the side patterns makes this type
pattern. Here is an example of a double pattern wrap, called fish scale, showing the pattern
on the top and one side. It is also a closed wrap because the two patterns come together
with no rod showing through the pattern.

Take home lesson: single pattern wraps fit better on small diameter rods while larger rods
give more room for the double pattern wrap.
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In the early “cross wrap” years, most of the designs were found by experimentation or by
accident and shared between rod builders. Some builders would create designs by pencil
and paper while some would use graph paper for that purpose. All these techniques were
pretty slow and the final test was to wrap it on a rod. The wrapping was time consuming
and many design failures ended by being cut off the rod.

Then someone found charting tape or graphic arts tape, which comes in many colors and
widths. The 1/16th inch wide tape worked best for me and the many colors allowed
designs to be made quickly. The only equipment needed is a piece of paper, pen, ruler,
single-edge razor blade and the tape. All the designs shown in Custom Rod Thread Art
were made in this manner.

To create a design first make an X on the paper. This X represents the thread going up the
rod and the returning thread coming back down the rod. Label each leg of the X with A, B
or 1,2, show the color of tape to be used and place arrows on the legs of the X to show the
direction of the wrap. Then start the design by laying the tape along the / (up) part of the X
and then on the \ (down) leg. By laying the next tapes in the direction of the arrows the
design is created. One should usually make the length of the tape just shorter that the
initial X (which is called the layout thread). Start by placing the tape on the X, positioning
it properly, and using the SE razor blade to cut the tape at the proper length.

Take home lesson: inexpensive way to create cross wrap designs, but the fastest way is
using VisualWrap software.
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Now it is time to discuss the layout threads, which are the first threads spiraled up and
down the rod, on which the design is built. The equipment needs are:

Layout tool – two boards connected at 90 degrees to each other. The bottom board has a
V groove routed into it parallel to the back board. A plastic or metal rectangle piece reaches
from the back to the center of the groove. This tool is used to draw a straight line down the rod.
(see photo)

A circle template – used to slide over the rod to mark top and bottom (and sides if double
pattern is used). The circle template can be used as a ruler with both standard and metric
measurements on it.

A metal, pointed tool for scratching marks on the rod.

Compass or calipers for measuring the spacing between design centers.

layout tool
 circle template

scribe and dividers

Layout process to be continued in next segment

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If the rod has the guides on it, then the circle template cannot be used. So the 0 and 180
degree axis can be found with tape or a piece of paper. Wrap the tape around the rod and make a
mark on the tape where it passes over itself. This is the circumference of the rod. Remove the
tape and fold the end of the tape back on itself to the mark made above. The crease at the fold is
the halfway distance around the rod. Rewrap the tape around the rod with the starting end on the
spine of the rod and mark the rod at the beginning and the halfway mark. This gives you the 0
and 180 degree locations on the rod.

Place the rod in the layout tool and use the plastic/metal guide to draw or scratch a line
down the rod at 0 and180 degrees. The crossover points where the threads will cross each other
on the lines can now be determined.

The spacing between these crossovers can be square, compressed or elongated. Once the
spacing is determined then use your compass or calipers to measure the spacing of the crossovers
at 0 degrees. On the back (180 degree) side the marks will be equal distance between the marks
on the top side. Make the first mark on the back side ! the distance between crossovers on the
top, then the other marks will be the full distance from that first mark.

Space the layout points to give a pleasing design. Some designs, like the box wrap,
require a square spacing, which can be obtained by using the circumference measurement for
your spacing. If you are just starting cross wraps, you would be wise to use a wooden dowel
which is level. Also use a larger diameter thread, like C, D or E until you gain more experience.
Remember to consider the size or diameter of the rod when choosing the type of design being
wrapped.

This photo shows the 0 degree line with the spacing marks scratched lightly on it.

For more information on layout techniques and spacing see:

Custom Rod Thread Art, by Dale P. Clemens
Decorative Butt Wraps, by Billy Vivona in the Guild library on this website
RodCrafters Journal, Vol 21, J-A, 1995 Taper Offset Spacing
RodCrafters Journal, Vol 24, A-J, 1998 Taper Offset Spacing
RodCrafters Journal, Vol 29, A-J, 2003 Turbo Taper Offsett Spacing by Clay Johnson
VisualWrap Software, by David Boyle

Take home lesson: For starters, do not worry about Taper Offset Spacing (TOS) right now. First
learn how to do the designs on flat rods or dowels, later when proficient enough then you can
learn TOS and how to use it on closed design wraps on rod blanks with tapers.
Introduction to Cross Wrap Designs
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Now the fun stuff is going to start! In the last article we described marking the rod with
the axis and the spaces between patterns. When you spiral the thread up and down the rod
making the crossover points (Xs) lined up on the axis, the Xs may be compressed, square or
elongated. Here is an example of the types of crossovers:

If you are using a tapered blank the angle of the Xs will always be different, similar to the
above example. Actually when you do a closed wrap on a tapered blank you will have an
initial layout, which looks like the above example.

So, go ahead and wrap that initial layout thread up and down the rod forming that series
of Xs from which you will build your design.

From this point on you are going to learn how these designs are created. Finally, bet you
thought that we would ever get here!

Once the initial layout and the first threads have been placed what are our choices placing
the next threads? They are (1) the direction of successive threads from X. (2) The color
choices for up and down the rod and (3) the sequences that the threads are placed. All three
of these choices are important in the formation of the design. Here is a very important thing
to remember: whenever two threads cross, there will be one thread on top and one on the
bottom. THE TOP THREAD IS THE ONE THAT ALWAYS SHOWS IN THE DESIGN.

The basic design in cross wraps is the chevron. Every design is built from chevrons and
how they are combined together. Every chevron starts with the standard X and every design
is built from a series of Xs. The explanation of the designs that we cover will be from the
basic X showing directions, colors and sequences of the threads. All of our designs will start
from an X diagram.

Take home lesson: The top thread is always the one that shows!
Introduction to Cross Wrap Designs
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Now you have your layout threads spiraled up & down the rod, so it is time to
start laying the other threads next to your starting point. Remember there are three
choices now for placing the remaining threads. Direction, color and sequence! Starting
with the basic crossover:

Laying the threads to the RIGHT of A & B (direction), and using the same color on A &
B (color) and using equal thread numbers on A & B (sequence), you will get a chevron pointing
to the RIGHT.

Notice where the thread/tape intersect in the center and see the horizontal line that is
created fromleft to right. (The picture is skewed slightly) Later we will change the sequence and
that center line will change.

If you reverse these directions and place every thread to the LEFT you will get a chevron
pointing to the LEFT.

Take home lesson: The threads either go right or left only from the starting point to form
chevron.
Introduction to Cross Wrap Designs
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In this chevron we used different colors on A & B, then part of the way through the
design we alternated the two colors. This is called a split chevron. It is split straight across the
middle. Using one thread of each color on each pass up & down the rod will create the
horizontal line. Using 2 or 3 threads at a time going up & down will give you a more jagged line
across the center. This effect is used to create the feathered look on the wings and tail of the
Thunderbird design

Other color choices on these chevron designs are:

Alternate colors on A or B while using a solid color on the opposite leg.
Shading or change to a new color on A & B.
Shading or change to a new color on A or B, with solid color on the other leg.
Shading light to dark on A, shading dark to light on B.

Even though most of these example designs are made with two colors, keep in mind that
changing colors, shading and using metallics can be substituted on many segments of the design.
Do not be afraid to experiment and try new color ideas.
Introduction to Cross Wrap Designs
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In the previous articles we have discussed direction and color alternatives, but now we
are going to examine sequence possibilities. In the photo above two colors are used to show the
changes in the center of the chevron design. One thread is spiraled up the rod with color 1.
Coming back down the rod with two threads of color 2. This is called a 1:2 ratio. By changing
the sequence in the number of threads used on each pass one can see the line through the center
of the design is no longer horizontal. The line rises higher and higher the further you wrap.

Take home lesson: Changing the sequence and numbers of threads will alter the original
Chevron design.
Introduction to Cross Wrap Designs
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In this example of sequence changes we have one thread going up the rod and three
threads (of a different color) coming back down the rod. A 1:3 ratio increases the upward angle
of the centerline in this chevron design at an even sharper rise from horizontal.

You will see the importance of these ratios later when more complex designs are shown.
Using these different ratios at various places will change the look of many designs.
Introduction to Cross Wrap Designs
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Here we have changed the ratio (sequence) to a 1:4. As you can see the angle of the rise
of the center of the design is much more drastic. Ratios of 1:3 and 1:4 can be used in the fish
patterns to depict the tail or fins in the design.

You will also note that the numbers of threads on leg #1 is smaller than the number of
threads on leg #2. In larger designs the #1 leg usually is the design pattern and leg #2 (with more
threads) is used as the background. The background color on leg #2 can be changed, for
example shaded from light to dark which will still highlight the primary design.

You will notice on 1 : 1, 2, 3 and 4 ratio designs the line where the two colors meet is a
straight line. Only the elevation of the line occurs as the ratio increases.

Next we will show you how to make the intersection line CURVE!
Introduction to Cross Wrap Designs
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This is called a Plus-1 ratio. 1 thread up – 1 thread down, 1 thread up – 2 threads down, 1
thread up – 3 threads down, 1 thread up – 4 threads down, etc. Get the idea? One-leg gets 1
thread each pass while the other leg gets increased by 1 thread each pass. This Plus-1 ratio gives
the intersection line a curved look. In this example the background color has been changed from
red to orange to yellow to how it can be varied.

This is another example of sequencing the numbers of threads to change the look of the
chevron design. Learning how to change directions, change colors and change sequences of the
threads will give you many possibilities to change the look of the design. By using different
combinations of direction, color and sequence there are more than 30 possible designs that can
be created on just the chevron alone.

Take home lesson: Using ratios to change the intersection line on chevrons will change the
shape of the chevron.
Introduction to Cross Wrap Designs
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Now we are going to put direction, change of color and sequence altogether and make a
pretty nice chevron design called the American Flag. The black lines are the original X and the
threads will wrap to the right. Start by making the X a square pattern (or 90 degrees between
threads). The flag size is varied by the number of threads used in each of the red and white
stripes. Small pattern will take 2 or 3 threads per stripe and larger patterns 4 or 5 threads per
stripe. Start by laying the top red stripe up the rod, followed by a white stripe, and then repeat
this pattern until you have three stripes of each color for a total of six stripes. Then coming back
down the rod with blue/silver thread (blue with silver band in it) to form the blue/star field.
After it is proportioned to fit the size of flag then go back to making the remaining stripes. Start
with red, again alternating with the white, then finish with red making a total of 7 stripes. This
makes the 13 stripes of the flag. You can then isolate the flag with a thread or two of gold or
yellow around each border. A flagpole can be added by going left down the rod with brown or
gray next to the gold or yellow band on the left edge of the flag. The wrap should be closed to
cover the blue between patterns. Other alternatives to close the wrap would be to do a double
pattern or add a completely different pattern between the flag patterns to close the pattern.

Take home lesson: When you carefully use the principles of direction, color change and
sequence you end up with a great looking decoration.

Photo below
Cross Wrap 18
Continued
Introduction to Cross Wrap Designs
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Here are a couple more examples of chevrons in combination. This one is back to back
chevrons. Made by building one complete pattern to the right, then coming back with another
complete pattern to the left. Another variation is doing a double pattern of chevrons in a very
compressed pattern so that the points are steep and narrow. When done in a shaded manner with
yellow, orange and red it looks like flames of a fire, thus the name Flames.

Here is another chevron pattern called a 4-way chevron. The first chevron is pointing
right, second to the left, third upwards and the fourth downward. There are four steps to make
this design.

Take home lesson: When looking at an pattern and trying to figure out the sequence of thread
placement, look for the shortest threads because that is where the pattern was started. In the
pattern below you can see the short threads right, next left, etc.
Cross Wrap 19
Continued
Introduction to Cross Wrap Designs
Cross Wrap 20

Using the basic X with the A thread going up the rod and the B thread coming down the
rod, we learned that there are two components to making the chevron design. Up and down the
rod only on one side of the layout thread. The diamond design also starts from the single X, but
is wrapped on BOTH sides of the layout thread. The diamond wrap is made by wrapping up
right, down right, up left and down left. These four steps are called a pass, meaning one pass
around the design.

When doing cross wraps it is important to develop habits that will allow you to use the
same technique throughout all future designs. In doing the four steps to make a diamond there
are a couple ways to do the wrap. Some wrap to the left first then right second, while others
prefer wrapping right first then left second. Either way is fine, but if you settle into a routine for
all wraps it will benefit you in the future.

Remember when it was explained that all designs were made from the chevron building
block? Well, when a diamond is made, the first pass up and down the rod is a chevron and the
second pass on the opposite side is also a chevron. Both chevrons, when wrapped at the same
time, will create the diamond look. Here is an example of a concentric ring diamond with color
changes after each four- step pass:

If all threads used in this design were the same color the diamond shape would be the
same, but it would be a solid color diamond.

Take home lesson: diamonds are made by going both directions from the layout thread
Introduction to Cross Wrap Designs
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A is going up the rod, B is coming down the rod. This is an example of color choices and
this is called a horizontal split center diamond. To build this design, use color 1 going up to the
right and coming down to the left. Color 2 goes up the rod to the left and comes down to the
right.

This is called a vertical split diamond. Color 1 goes up and down the rod to the right and
color 2 goes up and down the rod to the left. The vertical and horizontal splits will be used many
times when we get into the larger designs.

Take home lesson: many designs can be created by changing the position of the colors.
Introduction to Cross Wrap Designs
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This is called an opposite split diamond. From the photo you can see that the light green
only goes up the rod on both sides while the dark green only goes down the rod on both sides. (a
little light reflection in this photo). This photo also shows the four sections in the design of a
diamond. Notice the square shape of this split center diamond. This pattern is used in making
the Malteze Cross, using two vertical and two horizontal split diamonds.

The next photo shows the four-way split diamond with each of the four sections a
different color and a compressed layout for the diamond. One color goes up on A right, second
color comes down on B right, third color goes up on A left and the fourth color comes down on
B left.

Other color choices can be one-half the diamond can be one color while the other half can
be two colors. Or, three of the sections can be one color while the fourth is another color.

Some sections can be solid colors while other sections can be shaded. Two opposite
sections can be shaded from dark out to light colors while the other opposite sections are shaded
light out to dark. Later on in some of the more complex designs the background colors are really
diamonds and can be shaded to help emphasize the center design.
Introduction to Cross Wrap Designs
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continued
Introduction to Cross Wrap Designs
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Now we can talk about sequence choices on diamonds. As we have shown before using
the same color thread in all four sections while changing colors on during the design give a
concentric ring diamond. While using different colors in 2, 3 or 4 sections and laying the threads
one at a time gives a straight line between sections, while using bands of 2, 3 or 4 threads gives a
feathered look between sections. Next changing the ratios of colors can provide the following
examples:

Using the Plus-1 ratio method of one thread at a time on the left side up & down, while
increasing the threads by one on each pass to the right gives this curved split center diamond.
This can form the tail in a fish pattern.

Using a 1 to 2 ration in the same manner will give a different look because of the angle of
a constant ratio rather that the increasing ration in the above pattern.
Introduction to Cross Wrap Designs
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continued
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This is the layout and sequence for a 1:3 ratio split center diamond. Below is the same for the
1:4 ratio split center diamond. From these examples the narrowing of the “fish tail” can be seen
clearly. This should help in choosing the shape of the design to be used.

Question for you mathematicians: if you have 2 directions, 8 color choices and 6
sequence choices on thread to use, how many design possibilities are there for this simple X
layout??
Introduction to Cross Wrap Designs
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continued
Introduction to Cross Wrap Designs
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Here is a diamond pattern, which shows the use of the chevron in building this design.
To begin the design the same dark color was used all four ways to make the solid diamond
center. The next ring was made by using yellow and orange at the same time to create the
chevron look. Then simple diamond borders with yellow and dark green were used to frame the
design. The outer orange and yellow chevrons were made just opposite of the first combination.
Then dark green was used to finish the design.

This is another example showing the use of a two color split center diamond plus two
shades of green chevrons framing them. A simple single pattern left open for the rod blank to
show.
Once you have become used to the principles of using the chevrons and diamonds, let
your imagination take over and apply the many possibilities and combinations to your patterns.
Introduction to Cross Wrap Designs
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continued