CONTENTS

PAGE
NO. CONTENT
NO.

1 INTRODUCTION

2 INDUSTRY PROFILE

3 COMPANY PROFILE

4 DEPARTMENTAL ANALYSIS

5 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

6 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

7 FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ANNEXURE

1
 LIST OF TABLE

PAGE
NO. TABLE NAME
NO.

6.1 AGE OF EMPLOYEES

EMPLOYEES SATISFACTION IN COMMUNICATION

6.2
SYSTEM

6.3 EMPLOYEES FREEDOM TO THE MANAGEMENT

POSITIVE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN MANAGEMENT

6.4
AND EMPLOYEES
METHOD OF COMMUNICATION PROMOTE TO THEIR
6.5
WORK

6.6 SATISFACTION OF SUPERVISOR’S COMMUNICATION

6.7 QUALIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES

6.8 EXPERIENCE OF THE EMPLOYEES

6.9 IMMEDIATE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

MANAGEMENT COMMUNICATION STYLE TO THE

6.10 EMPLOYEES, WHEN A MISTAKE OCCURRED IN A
WORKING SITE

6.11 MANAGER VISITING IN DIFFERENT WORKING SITES

EXAMINE OF MANAGER STRESSED ATTITUDE ON

6.12
EMPLOYEES
EMPLOYEE GETTING COMMUNICATION CHANCES
6.13
DURING THE WORKING SITES

2
 LIST OF FIGURES

PAGE
NO. FIGURES NAME
NO.

6.1 AGE OF EMPLOYEES

EMPLOYEES SATISFACTION IN COMMUNICATION

6.2
SYSTEM

6.3 EMPLOYEES FREEDOM TO THE MANAGEMENT

POSITIVE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN MANAGEMENT

6.4
AND EMPLOYEES
METHOD OF COMMUNICATION PROMOTE TO THEIR
6.5
WORK

6.6 SATISFACTION OF SUPERVISOR’S COMMUNICATION

6.7 QUALIFICATION OF EMPLOYEES

6.8 EXPERIENCE OF THE EMPLOYEES

6.9 IMMEDIATE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

MANAGEMENT COMMUNICATION STYLE TO THE

6.10 EMPLOYEES, WHEN A MISTAKE OCCURRED IN A
WORKING SITE

6.11 MANAGER VISITING IN DIFFERENT WORKING SITES

EXAMINE OF MANAGER STRESSED ATTITUDE ON

6.12
EMPLOYEES
EMPLOYEE GETTING COMMUNICATION CHANCES
6.13
DURING THE WORKING SITES

3
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

4
INTRODUCTION
Communication is vital not only for the success and growth of the business
executives or other professionals but also for the smooth and efficient running of any
enterprises. Modem business enterprises operated in the globalized environment
assumes added importance particularly when it has to operate in culturally diversified
organization that produce and markets quality goods and provides expeditious
services through quality personal and makes frequent use of electronic devices and
systems. Sulfex Mattress Company succeeds in the market; because of its high
quality. High qualitative productions are made in the company, because of the high
initiatives or commitment of the employees'.
When employees are given their contribution in the high level for production
normally they will be get better satisfaction from their works. They will be get better
satisfaction also. The good communication can be lead to the business hi success
ways. I wish to study how to conduct the communication procedure in this company
and to treat the employee's satisfaction in communication criteria's. In many
organizations and companies are taking a misleading communication criteria to the
employees or society. Give consideration only as an employee bullish behavior etc are
included in it.
So study of the communication structure and communication effectiveness is
necessary factor in now days. Communication plays a greater role in marketing
department, human resource department, production department and finance
department also. The process is done in various segments of the company. So by this
project and talk initiative to study the communication technique to Sulfex Mattress
Company and also wish to study how to be affect the good communication in
production department of the Sulfex Mattress Company.

OBJETIVES OF THE STUDY

1) To study about the communication barriers in the organization.
2) To study about the organization structure
3) To study about the communication structure in the organization.
4) To make suggestion for improving communication process in the organization.

5
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study was conducted in Sul lex Mattress Company at Elemperampara
with special reference to production department. The study gives an idea about
effectiveness of communication techniques in company.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
It is an overall operational framework which helps to collect data. The
methodology used in the collection of data through primary and secondary means
with the time period of study.
a) Primary Data
Primary data are the information obtained after conducting formal and
personal interaction within the managing respective staff and workers at this unit.
b) Secondary Data
Secondary data are the information obtained after referring, studying from annual,
reports of the company and websites.

PERIOD OF STUDY
This study was conducted from 21 days

LIMITATINS OF THE STUDY

1. The management and the employees very busy with their own work and
therefore they could not spend much time to share the information.
2. Detailed study cannot be conducted due to time constraints.
3. The scope of the study is very vast but it is difficult to over all the areas with
their short duration.
4. Some details about the company which are confidential in nature were not
revealed.

6
 CHAPTER II
INDUSTRIAL PROFILE

7
INDUSTRY PROFILE
KERALA AND COIR INDUSTRY
The history of coir and its associated with the state of Kerala dates back to the
10th centuries. Alleppy (Alapuzha in Malayalam) is the nerve center of Kerala's t
famous coir Industry. Here, one can see coconuts husks being beaten in to fiber
making beautiful mats and other coir products. Both men and women are actively
involved in the production of coir. Coir industry is enjoys the status as the largest
college industry in the state of Kerala, giving employment to over a million people.
Coir is a versatile nature fiber extracted from monocarp tissue, or husk of coconut
fruit. Generally fiber is of golden color when cleaned. After removing from coconut
husk and hence the name-"The Golden Fiber".Brown coir brushes, door mats,
mattress and sacking.

COIR INDUSTRY
What is commonly called a coconut, as found in grocery stores, is actually
only single seed of it of coconut palm tree. Before being shipped to market, the seed is
stripped of an external leathery skin and a 2-3 in (5-8) thick intermediate larger of
fibrous pulps. Fiber recovered from that pulps are called coir. The fibers range from
suitable for brush bristles to filaments that can be spun into course, durable yam. In
the United states the most popular used for coir and bristly door mats, agricultural
twine, aid geotextile (blankets that are laid on bare soil to control erosion and promote
the growth of protective ground covers).
Although coconut palms grow throughout the world tropical region, the vast
majority or the commercially produced coir comes from India and Sri-Lanka.
Coconuts are primarily a food crop. India which produces about one-fourth of the
world 55 billion coconuts each year, only 15% of the husk fibers are actually
recovered for use India annually produces about 309.00 short tons (2, 80,000 metric
tons) of coir fibers.

8
 Coir bibbers are categorized in two ways. One distinction is based on whether
they are recovered from ripe of immature coconut husk. The husk of fully ripened
coconuts yields brown coir.
Strong and highly resistant to abrasion, its method processing also protects it
from damaging ultraviolet component of sunlight. Dark brown in color, it's used
primarily in brushes, floor mats, and nu upholstery padding on the other hand, white
color conies the husk of coconut harvested shortly before they ripen. Actually light
brown on white in color in this fiber is soften and less strong than brown coir. It is
usually spun into yarn, which may be wowed into mats or twisted into twin of rope.
The other method of categorization is based on the fiber length. Both brown
and white coir consists of fibers ranging in length from 4-12 in (10-30 cm). Those that
are the least 8 in fiber, one-third of which is bristle fiber. The only natural fiber
resistant to salt water coir is used to make nets for shellfish harvesting and ropes
marine application. Highly resistant to abrasion, coir fiber are used to make durable
floor mats and brushes. Strong nearly impervious to the wither ,coir twice is materials
hopes brownness in the united stets prefer for trying their wines to support coir is
becoming a popular choice of making geo textiles because of its durability, eventual
biodegrade,ability to cold water and hairy texture ( which helps to it cling to seeds to
and soil).

RUBBER INDUSTRY

Natural fiber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer the naturally occur as a milky

colloidal suspension of latex, in the sap of some plant. It can be synthesized also.
Rubber exhibit unique and physical and chemical properties. Close to 21 million of
rubber wear produced in 2005 of which around 42% was natural. Today Asia the
main source of natural rubber accounting for around 94% of output 2005. The three
largest producing countries are Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. Together account
for ever around 72 % of natural rubber used.

9
BIRTH OF RUBBERISED COIR
The birth of rubberized coir industry is quit assuming and interesting, prior to
the year. 1960: people hardly hard idea of this novel and high utility product. In those
days the old famous racer manufactures Volts Wagon of Germany were using horse
hair as cushiness filling materials for their car seats. As the production increased, they
wanted large amount of raw material and this led to beginning of industry.

In global market the important use of rubberized coir, manufacturing was

slow. At the first the people disapproved the cushioning materials because they think
that it was dirty. Filthy low cost and rough product meant for low income segment of
the customer market. With the usage of the concept of slow changed the product was
accepted by everyone as a luxury product. In 70s the growth of the industry was very
fast.

10
 CHAPTER III
COMPANY PROFILE

11
COMPANY PROFILE

Sulfex Mattress Company [sounded in the year 1994, by M. T. P. Muhammad

Kunhi, a prominent NRI business personality with drivers interest in rubberized coir,
ply woods and constructions in India and trading activities in the Middle East, Sulfex
grow up is a fast growing entity, surging ahead with various business interests.

Fuelled by an undying passion to pursue excellence on all fronts, Sulfex aims

at create lasting value across the world. Sulfex is a world of committed mattresses
company and front-line manufacturer with established core competencies, Sulfex
consistently satisfies the comfort expectations of discerning customers, across India,
thankfully.

A Sulfex fibre product was established in 1994. The factory and marketing
office of the company are located in the scenic Parassinikadavu Village, 15 Km from
Kannur, a historic town in North Kerala. The factory is equipped with advanced
machinery and skilled personal to streamline various stages of production.

ORGANISATION AT GLANCE
Basic Informations
 Company name : Sulfex Mattress Company
 Business type : Manufacturer
 Plant location : Parassinikkadavu and Taliparamba
Kannur Northern part of Kerala.
 Product/service : Manufacturer of rubberized coir mattress,
Pillow and Cushions, Bolster Sulfex quick dry
mats
 Company address : Sulfex Mattress Company
Elamberampara, P.o, Pallivayal,
Taliparamba, Kerala
Ph: 04985227437, 09895696955

12
  E-mail : sulfexmattress@hotmail.com
 Production capacity : 6000 metric toms annual
 No. of total employees : 143
 Year established : 1994
 Legal represent active : Mr. BhupeshBal
 Business owner : Mr. M T P. Muhammed Kunhi
 Constitution : Proprietorship.

SULFEX MATTRESS
Rubberized coir fleeces arc composed of a mat of coconut coir fibers bonded
to one another by interlocking as well as by vulcanized rubber latex. The coir mat will
be reasonably resilient and could be used for mattresses, cushions etc...
The product has advantages of high porosity of the matrix and thus allows
better air circulation and also has neither too rigid nor soft cushioning effect.
Rubberized coir mattresses are even recommended for hospitals. I. S. I have drawn
standards for the coif mattresses. In manufacturing process, orientation is controlled
and is predominantly in the vertical direction. This is considered to give better
cushioning effect and also economize the consumption of raw materials. The
individual fibres will behave like coir springs and thus have more resiliencies.
Sulfex can give you sound sleep at night and freshness throughout the day.
The structural specialty of SuIlex gives you a cool and fresh period of total relaxation.
There are millions of little eoir springs inside of a sulfex mattress which touch every
part of your body with the correct amount of pressure. They also embrace and gently
massage the curve al your body, stimulating blood flow and muscle movement.
Sulfex mattresses are craned preciously, as per customer preference. They
provide a scientifically tested back-supported and smoothing comfort a sleeping body
needs. In the entire segment, perhaps SuIlex is the only brand, which has struck the
"optimum price quality equation" right. I1y providing more mattress per mattress
(more cubic area by giving more thickness than what is listed) we ensure full value of
money. In the unique side blanketing (the only mattress to have this speciality)
prevents sagging and keeps dimensional stability interact, in spite of long use.

13
 For the critical tape-edging process the company relies on important
machinery and highly skilled manpower. Continuous quality upkeep and attention to
details ensure that each matter provides maximum sleeping comfort and extra-long
life. The two critical benchmarks for any mattress.
Little surprise, many quality conscious clientless insist on Sulfex mattress. The
directorate general of supplies and disposals, Ministry Of Commerce And Industry,
Govt. Of India, Directorate General of Quality Assurance, Ministry pilgrim centres
and the like, for instance. The numerous product excellence awards that have come
sullex's way are standard as glowing testimony to the brand's superiority.
Rubberized coir forms are available in different size as standard, deluxe and
super deluxe, quilt etc... Standard foams are marked with inner productive cotton
blanket cover and other decorative handloom tapestry cover, whereas deluxe and
super deluxe mattress have additional poly urethane foam on top of the mattress. Quilt
mattress are marketed with attractive and durable quilted outer cover. Bath mats,
travelling mattresses and travelling pillows are other fast moving products.
MATRESS: BRIEF HISTORY
Currently, the Real Mattresses and Base Co- produce beds that are made with
natu A bed is a piece of furniture upon which person may recline or sleep, May
cultures and for many centuries. The bed was considered as the most important piece
of furniture in the house and it is a status symbol. Beds were used in ancient Egypt as
more than piece for a sleeping. Beds were used as a place to eat meals and entertain
socially.
According to a brief history of beds, "the earliest beds were shallow cheats in
which the bedding was placed, the first attempt of a soft basis consisted of ropes
stretched across a wooden framework".

THROUGH THE HISTORY

A typical bed of 1600 in its simplest foam was timber framed with rope or
leather supports. The mattress was a 'bag' of soft filling which was most commonly
straw and sometime wool that was covered in plain, cheap fabrics. The more
expensive one of this period had much the same bed frame- perhaps little studies-with

14
a lower bag of woo: and a top bag of feather substituting the uncomfortable plain
straw mattress. This was also covered in plain fabrics. During the renaissance the bed
structure was much the same, however the plain fabric is used to cover the mattress
progressed to being covered in a much better quality slip cover. In the mid 8 th
century changes we are made. The cover made of quality linen or cotton, the mattress
cane box was shaped or hardened and the fillings available were natural and plenty,
including coconut fiber, cotton, wool, and horse hair.
Iron and steel replaced the past timber frames in the 19th and the better filling
and fabrics were used in the mattress. Reproduction of there was also manufactured
by Eric. Either in the 1900's the beds were as above or divan which were made of
individual spring tied into a timber frame and covered. The mattresses remain much
the same. By this time, both Eric and Frank were constructing these types of bed and
mattresses.
The most expensive beds of 1929 were Latex rubber mattresses produced by
the very successful 'Dunlopillow'. Pocket spring mattresses were also introduced.
These were individual spring sewn into company and was producing innerspring
divan based that were wire units fixed into timber frames. The mattresses were also
innerspring units that were upholstered and tape-edged with a machine. Before this
time, all the work was done by hand expect the sewing of the cases. Spring and foam
become major components in the year 1960's and Frank replaced the previous natural
fibers with these.
The 1070's saw the invention of the waterbed and takeover of foam: the
majority of beds were made with this material, springs, however, remained popular
yet expensive. In this period, both Geoff and Mechanization increased greatly in the
1980's and mattresses and bases were constructed with the aim of computer
production lines.

15
GROWTH DURING LAST FOUR DECADES
From a handful manufactures during early 60' this product got some market
recognition in early 70's. Apart from Dr. Ferher and DOA plants, some enterprises
started manufacturing machinery indigenously. In the next three decades, over one
hundred manufacturers have entered rubberized field. As per the statistics available,
now the industry has produced about 60,000 MT for the ended March 2001 and the
growth is still expected to go up in the years to come. Today rubberized coir products
are increasingly used in many industries notably in transport industry like railways
and busses, packing industry (pharmaceuticals, heavy engineering electronics etc...),
hospitals, theatres and auditoriums
WATERBEDS
The first water-filled beds were goatskins filled with water, used in Persia
more than 3600 years ago. In 1873, Sir James Paget at St. Bartholomew's Hospital
presented modern waterbed designed by Neil Arnott as a treatment and presentation
of pressure of pressure ulcers (bedsores). Waterbeds were sold via mail order by
British stores, Harrods, They looked like and probably were very large hot water
bottles. Due to lack of suitable materials, the waterbed did not gain widespread use
until the 1960's after the invention of Vinyl.
MURPHYBED
American William Lawrence Murphy (1876-1975) from San Francisco invited
Murphy bed, the bedding idea of 1900. The space- saving Murphy bed folds into a
wall closet. William Lawrence Murphy formed the Murphy bed Company at New
York the second oldest furniture manufacturer in the United States. Murphy patented
his "In A Door" bed in 1908; however, he did not trademark the name "Murphy bed".
REAL BEDS
Real fibers and fabrics such as those that were used in past periods. In each
mattress are layer of coconut coir, cotton, dense cardboard side panels, foam, wool
and Hessian and are covered in either damask or cotton covers. Because the Real
Mattresses & Base Co. Frequently reconstructs antique beds, they are capable of
producing mattresses with cutout corners to cater for four poster beds or ensembles to
fit existing and footboards.

16
EMERGRNCE OF RUBBERIZED COIR MATTRESS IN INDIA
Prior to the year 1960 Indian citizens hardly had any idea of this novel and,
high utility product. The companies born in India during 1960*3 where,
 Relax- on Calcutta, Bengal.
 Kurl- on, Bangalore, Karnataka.
 Duroflex, Alapuzha, Kerala.
 Agreenco Fibres Foam (p) Ltd, Kannur, Kerala.
 Retroilex, Bangalore, Karanataka.
Even though in 1960's were only handful of mattress units, now including small
and big companies there are more than 100 brands in the market. In the most of
mattress manufacturing units and headquarters is a contribution from Kerala to earn
foreign exchange. The rubber and coir are traditional village industry of Kerala. The
coir is essentially an export oriented, primarily a cottage industry, though there are
some exceptions. The industry provides direct employment to 5 lacks people out of
the estimated annual production of 1.3 lacks tones of yarn more than 70% is Kerala's
continuation as the industry is highly labor intensive one. Therefore, any attempt
tomodernize will make labor displacement. The worker in the industry are organized
into 10 operatives. The government is helping the industry from 1973-74 onwards. At
present, there are 462 primary societies, 17 manufacturing societies, one fiber
manufacturing society with one marketing federation in central marketing societies.
Cash crop like rubber is also a good foreign country. The rubber and rubber
products are in great danger. It is because the decline in price in international market,
which reflected in the Kerala market due to over production are located in Kerala
interestingly.

17
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF SULFEX MATTRESS

Managing Director

General Manager

Production Marketing Finance Personal

Manager Manager Manager Manager

Plant in Production Area Accounts Personal

Charge on charge sales Manager
Manager
Cashie Workers
Forema Sales officers r
n

Sales executive Staff

Production Furnishing
Supervisor Supervisor

Worker Worker
s s

Electric Mechanic

18
 CHAPTER IV
DEPARTMENTAL ANALYSIS

19
PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
Production is the process by which raw materials are converted into finished
goods.The production manager manages the production department followed by
production executives, production assistant and production supervisor. It is the
responsibility of the manager to determine the product designed by firm. Care should
be taken by to ensure that the products to manufactured are of high quality and
produced in specify time.
The production rubberized coir products are mainly done from vulcanization,
process. So it can be derived into pre-vulcanization, vulcanization and post
vulcanization process in manufacturing. The products are the creation or
transformation of utilities from input to output. The main process in sheet forming,
compressing, vulcanizing, cutting. It is by way of introducing more new products to
the market aiming at discriminating potential of more customers.
The orders are getting through branches. It is passed to marketing department
planning section for planning production and dispatched the particular product. The
requirement of the raw material is forwarding to the store or purchasing department.
Store department place intend for purchase order to concerned party for purchasing. i
The purchasing policy is done by the preparation of budget

MARKETING DEPARTMENT
Marketing department is headed by marketing managers. He is responsible for
the achievement of target fixed for the division. In sulfex Mr. Shashidharan. Is the
head of the marketing dept. sulfex has 11 area sales office has a sales officers has a
sales officers.6 area sales manager has one senior sale manages. In each district has a
sales officer comes the sales executive.

OBJECTIVES
1. To fulfill the consumer satisfaction.
2. To increase the company sales.
3. To distribute quality product in the market.
4. To explore new marketing for the company products

20
FUNCTIONS OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT
1. To identify the needs of customers through marketing research.
2. To produce the product according to consumer need.
3. To deliver goods to customer at the right time and at the right place.
4. To ensure reasonable profit through sales To sustain the customer through
after sales service

FINANCE DEPARTMENT
Finance has become an integral part of business and is rightly set the life blood
of business. Every enterprise, whether big, medium or small needs finance to carry on
its operations and achieve its goal. Finance helps the wheel of a business to run
smoothly. Finance, management refers to management of flow of money through an
organization that means it is concerned with managing inflows of money to the
business and outflows of money from the business.

The finance department records, classifies and present information for

manufacturing and other activities of the firm. It makes an analysis of cost of
manufacturing, marketing and administration and provides control report and decision
making due to all levels of management for the purpose of controlling and reducing
cost. It is therefore, necessary that account department should have proper
coordination with other of the organization. All departments should help for each
other so that objectives of minimum possible cost may be achieved. Finance or
account department suggest various means for reducing cost relating to employees
working in the firm.

21
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT
Human resource considered as the most important resource in any
organization because the organization can function only through people. The success
of an organization depends upon the ability of its human resource. Production is the
result of joint efforts of land capital, labour and enterprises. Human resource and
utilized the maximum possible extends in order to achieve individual
andOrganizational goals.

A sulfex administration cum personnel officer is the head of personnel and

administration department. Under the control of him various officers and clerk
perform all the tasks. The personnel officer gives advice to the top level management
regarding personnel policies and procedures. The administration and personnel
department prepare and maintain personnel records.

22
 CHAPTER V
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

23
LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAME WORK
First identified in the 1940 systems, theory achieves insights into
communication (Health and Bryant, 2000). Especially influential on organizational
communication, systems theory explains how and why people form groups, each of
which is system and well as part of a large system. Its focus is on the whole system
rather than on its parts, and how these parts interact to affect the whole system.
Infants, Rancer and Womack (1997), defines a system as hierarchical- a set of inter
depended units working together to adapt to a changing environment. It can be
divided into smaller sub subsystem or incorporated with other system to create larger
system, referred to as supra systems or environments (Health and Bryant, 2000). A
system approach to organizational communication expands the basic model of sender-
receiver to feature communication networks; this explains how systems adapt to their
environments (Health and Bryant, 2000).
As previously stated, PA is compost of three basic subsystems: internal
information, media and community relations. Although the military mainly uses each
subsystem interdependently, the entire system is much more than the sum of the
contributions of each individual part. As infante, Rancer and Womack explain it,
"every system is like a cake in the sense that if you take away or change one
individual part, the entire system is affected" (199, p.91). The focus of organizational
communication is on the whole system, rather than on part of the system (Katz and
Kahn, 1996).
Communication systems, such as public affairs, are "open" systems-they
interact with their environments. Open systems "continually take in new information,
transform that information and give information back to the environment" (Shockley-
Zalabak, 1999, p. 43). By contrasts, "closed" systems are characterized by a lack of
input communication, making it difficult to make good decisions and stay current
with needs of the environment (Shockley-Zalabak, 1999). Closed systems lean toward
entropy, chaos or total disorganization (infant, Rancer and Womack, 1997). Applying
the open systems approach to military PA requires a purpose full sensing of the
environment to anticipate and detect changes that affect the organization relationships
with its publics (Cut lip, Center Broom, 1985). Ultimately, the systems approach

24
should serve as the the foundation for a more effective management practice. This
becomes the basis upon which our ideal model for PA integration was created.
"Communication serves as the basis for control and coordination in the
organization it also provides information essential to effective completion of the
organizational mission" (Poole, 1978, p.493).But, what exactly is communication? In
layman's terms, communication is the interchange of information between two or
more persons, Farace Monger and Russell (1977) define communication as the
exchange of symbols that are commonly shared by individuals involved, and which
evoke quite similar symbol referent relationship in individual. Organizational
communication goes a bit further. Organizational communication is' both similar and
distinct from other types of communication Shokly-Zalabac, 1999, p. 28). It's the
daily interactions of individuals within the organizations create and shape events
(Shockely-Zalabak, 1999).
The study of the organizational communication centers processes means by
Miich people obtain information, form opinions make decisions merge into the
organization, leave the organization and create rapport with one another (Shockely -
Zalabac 1999). Through communication, people their actions to achieve individual
and organizational goals (Shockely -Zalabak, 1999). Effective organizational
communication within the PA arena is critical. The public perceptions of credibility
arena validity of any Office depend largely on successful transmission of verbal and
nonverbal message and sharing of information at all links (subsystems) through the
organizations channels.
According to Huse and Bowditch (1973), an organization is effective and
efficient when it has the ability to be integrated and to consider three efficient
perspectives in simultaneously; structural design, flow and human factors. Looking
into the further, a literature review by Compbel (1977) found that more 30 different
criteria were used for the measurement of organizational effectiveness (Praeger,
1986). These measurement criteria ranged from specific aspects of organizational
effectiveness to a global view.

25
APPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC AFFAIRS AT THE COMMAND
LEVEL.
Previous studies suggest the idea that marketing is here to stay and that
successful companies must integrate marketing departments into their strategic
planning or suffer for it in their profit margins (Shipley, 1994). The difficulty is
successfully integrating marketing, or in the military's case public affairs, into a
strategic operational role after having been a support function for so long. Many
people within organizations have preconceived notions about the value of marketing
or PA, and based on outdated ideas that do not consider the important role they play
in the overall mission accomplishment; resist their inclusion into the upper echelons.
Shipley (1994) suggests a number of ways to combat this: 1) It is essential that
the role of PA be thoroughly understood and communicated to all levels by the
commander. 2) Commanders should ensure their PA officers are "politically shrewd,
experienced, tough and able" (Shipley, 1994, p. 20). 3) Training should be offered to
all department heads and essential personnel with the goal of altering false
perceptions. 4) Commanders should build internal motivation within the command.
PA practitioners need to understand that achieving a shift in mindset like this is
extremely difficult. With that in mind, practitioners need to do all they can to tit in.
Some suggestions include "building a professional image for [public affairs]; ensure
frequent communication and personal interaction with other departments; do not laud
the importance of [public affairs]; recognize the equal importance of other
[departments]; acknowledge their viewpoints, strengths and constraints; build allies
and tight relationships.

26
MEANING OF COMMUNICATION
Communication (from Latine word comtnunicare. meaning "to share') is
activity conveying information through the exchange of thoughts, messages or
information as by speech, visuals, signals, writing or behavior. It is meaningful
exchange of information between two or more living creatures. Communication is an
exchange of thoughts and ideas. True communication is an outcome of a feeling of
commonness between two individuals.
One definition of communication is "two-way processor reaching mutual
understanding, in which participants not only exchange information, news, ideas and
thoughts but also create a share meaning". In general communication is a means of
connecting people or places.
Communication forms a means of exchange of information. Idea or opinioned
is transferred two or more persons. The information transferred must be
understandable to the receiver.

DEFINITIONS OF BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

According to Heinz Goldman, "Effective communication needs to build
around this simple foundation and realization; communication is a dialogue, not a
monologue. In fact communication is more concerned with dual listening process.
According to Sir Colin Marshall, chairman, British airways "it is a vital for successful
of our companies that businessmen and women emerge as real readers and
demonstrate their ability to communicate effectively internally and externally".
According to Tony Eccless, London Business School.
"Communication is stressful change situations requires sustained and
extensive, interoperations require sustained and extensive, interpretation and seen
forcement Competent, high-trust firms are in a position to communicate the same
basic message to all levels, from middle management to shop floor, with nothing left
out on the grounds that those bellow would not understand it.
In the Words of Sir John Heavy, (Former chairman of ICI and renowned
European 'trouble shooter').

27
 No manager can be effective in their job unless he able to communicate. It is
the most essential single skill. I hope that manager everywhere will seek to improve
their can be ability, for it is one that learned.

IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION
1. Managerial efficiency: communications helps in smooth operation of
management. Management task can only be performed when communication
system is effective.
2. Enhance morale and decisions: effective communications emphasis the
employee's participation in management. It helps to do employees morale and
cordial industrial relations between the management and employees.
3. Effective leadership: effective leadership leads effective communication. Two-
way communication helps in effective communication.
4. Mutual trust and confidence: mutual trust and confidence between the labor
and management is necessary for effective movement of organizations.
5. Better decision: the successes of organization are measured in better decision
making. When the information data and other fact are not effectively
communicated, in hampers the decision making. So when the factors are
communicated to concerned with department organization.
6. Staffing: when the information are correctly communicates in the time it helps
in the function of selection and placement, socialization, promotion and
transfer.
7. Better managerial concern: all managerial functions such as planning,
directing, controlling etc can be conducted without the communication.
8. Increase productivity and reduce cost: as communication saves the time and
effort it increase in productivity and refuse cost. Without communication it
may not be possible to work together in a group can achieve the benefits of
large scale of production.
9. Effective control: Communication act as an effective means for managerial
control. For establishing standards and measuring performance effective
communication is must. It also stands as effective tool forward looking
control.

28
 10. Time saving: effective communication results in the saving of time. The
manager can communicate easily to all his subordinates by sitting in in his
room.

THE COMMUNICATIONS PROCESS

Communications process: the key part of this model is (1) the sender (2)
encoding (3) the message (4) the channel (5) encoding (6) the deceiver (7) notice (8)
feedback.

The sender initiates the message by encoding a thought. The message in the
actual physical products of the senders encoding. The channel is the medium through
which the message travels. The sender selects it determining whether to use it formal
or informal channel. Formal channels are established by the organization and transmit
it message it related to the professional activities of members they traditionally follow
the authority chain within the organizations.

TYPES OF COMMUNICATIONS

DOWNWORD COMMUNICATION
Communications that flows from one level of group or organizations to a
lower level is downward communication. Group leaders and managers use it to assign
goals, provide job instructions, explains policies and procedures point out problems
that need attention, and offer feedback about performance. When engaging in
downward communication, managers must explains the reasons why a decision was
made. One study found employees twice doing capacity and capability.

29
UPWARD COMMUNICATION
Upward communications flows to a higher level in the group of organization.
Is is used to provide feedback to higher ups, uniform them of progress toward goals,
and relay current problems. Upward communication keeps managers aware of how
employees feel about their jobs, coworkers and the organizations in general.
Managers also relay on upward communication for ideas on how conditions can be
improved.

LATERAL COMMUNICATION
Lateral communication saves the time and facilitates coordination. Some lateral
relationships are formally sanctioned. More often, they are informally created to short
circuited the vertical hierarchy and expedite action.

ORAL COMMUNICATION
The chief means of conveying message is oral communication. Speeches
formal one-on-one and group discussions, and the informal rumor mill or grapevine
are popular forms of oral communication.

WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
Written communication include memos, letters, fax transmission mail, instant
messaging ,organizational periodicals ,notices placed on bulletin boards ,and envy
other device that transmission via written words or symbols.

NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

It means a glance, a satire, a smile, a frown, and provocative body movement all
conveying meaning. It includes body movements, the intonations, or emphasis we
give two words, facial expressions, and the physical distance between the sender and
receiver.

30
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
It includes formal small group networks, grapevine communication, etc... the
process of communication makes it possible for managers to carry out their task and
responsibilities. Information's must be communicated to managers so that they will
have a basis for planning; the plans must be communicated to others to be carried out.
Organizing requires communicating with the people about their job assignments.
Leading require managers to communicate with sub ordinates so that group's goals
can be achieved. Managers can carry out their management functions only by
interacting and communicating with others. The communication process is does the
foundation for the management functions.
Similarly communication connects the organization with the outside world, be
it customers, suppliers, government authorities or anybody else. Effective dealing
with anybody requires good communication skills not to forget the exchange of
information which take place within an organization between organization and its
environment. Information is vital for the survival and prosperity of any organization
in the todays past changing environment. Passing and receiving information needs
communication. More effective the communication process more efficient and
accurate the information will be.

3.2.8 WRITTEN MEDIA COMMUNICATION

The different forms of written media communication may be enumerated as
Follows;
 Letters
The letter is by far the most widely used medium of written communication,
and may be sent by different kinds of postal services or by hand delivery. Letters are
written to maintain contact with external world.
 Memorandum
A memo is used for internal communication between executives and sub
ordinates or officers at the same level. Memos are never sent outside the organization.
A memo generally relates to daily work, it may ask for or give information or
instruction or may only remind.

31
  Notice
A notice is required when many people within the organization have to be
informed. Notice must be drafted in simple wording and direct style for easier
understanding. They must brief and contain only the information which is meant for
everyone.
 Circular
These are letters or notices usually printed, cyclostyled and are addressed to a
number of person's in the organization
 Pamphlets
It is a small treatise having a fewer pages of sheets, but not a book form,
which give information on some matter on which the writer desires to appeal to the
public.
 Booklets
A booklet is a small, thin book which is issued generally for publicity and
information Purpose. Booklets are distributed to tell the history and background
information quickly and effectively to the interested persons.

 Manuals
A manual is small book for handy reference. It is used by sonic selected
readers either within or outside the organization. It contains information on standard
practice, current practices, conventions, instructions or organizational policies based
on executive decisions for the guidance to the staff.
 Magazines
A magazine is the most important communicating and advertising medium
that is used for the external communication. It is published monthly, bi-monthly,
semi-monthly, tri-weekly o quarterly. It contains articles, opinions, findings of the
studies and product advertisement.
 Newspapers
A newspaper is daily or weekly publication containing news and opinions of
current events. In terms of coverage, it is the most important medium of
communication but the life of communication in daily newspaper is hardy longer than
a day.

32
  Leaflets
It is a small printed document for external communication. People outside the
organization are kept well-in-formed about the product, uses, qualities, characteristics
etc...through the instrument of leaflets.
 Bulletins
It is official written report news. It is issued to state about the product
progress, results, achievements etc...it is a printed information sheet. A bulletin board
is a notice board of news.
 Brochures
It is a short booklet containing information about particular subject. There are
various brochures like brochure holyday, placement brochure, brochure of product
information etc...it is for external communication.
 Catalogues
It contains relevant information about the product so as to educate the people
about the prospectus to make a purchase.
 House journals
Internal publication, in house journal, house magazines serves as a useful
means to keep the employees informed and to convey the views of
manangement.
 Hand books
A hand book is a small book like manual which gives information about some
particular subjects like for instance there are handbooks of planning, handbook
of labour relations, hand book of public relations etc…
 Union publications
Union periodicals, union literature is an outlet to ventilate freely the fears,
attitudes and though of members.

33
BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION
Filtering:
The more vertical levels of the organization hierarchy, the more opportunity
there are for filtering. But some filtering is occurred wherever there status differences.
Factors such as fear of conveying had news and the desire to please the boss often
lead the employees to tell their superiors what they think they want to hear, thus
distorting upward communications.
Selective perception;
The receivers the communications process selectively see and heard based on
their needs, motivation, experience, background and other personal characteristics.
Receivers also project their interests and expectations into communication as they
decode them.
Information overload:
Individuals have finite capacity for processing the data. When the information
have to work with exceeds our processing capacity the results or the information
overload.
Emotions:
Extreme emotions such as jubilation or depression are most likely to hinder
effective communication. In such instances, we are most prone to disregard and
objective thinking process and substitute emotional judgment.
Language:
Our usage of language is far from uniform the different language system and
their pronunciation is make big problem.

Employee's communication silence and manager's silence are make huge

communication problem in the business organization. So managers and others are
easily talked to each other in the company.

34
 CHAPTER VI
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

35
 Table no. 6.1

Age No. of respondents % of respondents

18-25 30 30%

25-50 50 50%

50-60 20 20%

Total 100 100%

Age of employees

Chart no. 6.1 age of employees

60%

50%

40%

30%
% of respondent

20%

10%

0%
18-25 25-50 50-60

INTERPRETATION
The table showing about the age of employees working in the organization.
The 30% of employees are working in the age of 18-25 years. The 50% of workers
are between the age of 25-50 years old. The 20% of workers are between the age of
50-60 years old. The good healthy stage of a man is between the ages of 25-50. So the
more workers are working in this level of age

36
 Table no. 6.2
Employees satisfaction in communication system

Opinion No. of respondents % of respondents

Yes 60 60%

No 40 40%

Total 100 100%

Chart no. 6.2 Employees satisfaction in communication system

70%

60%

50%

40%

% of respondents
30%

20%

10%

0%
Yes No

INTERPRETATION
The chart showing 60% respondents have satisfied the communication system
and 40% of the respondents have not satisfied the communication system.

37
 Table no. 6.3
Employees freedom to the management

Opinion No. of respondents % of respondents

Yes 70 70%

No 30 30%

Total 100 100%

Chart no. 6.3 Employees freedom to the management

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%
% of respondents
30%

20%

10%

0%
Yes No

INTERPRETATION
The chart showing 70% of the respondents have freedom to the management and 30%
of the respondents have not freedom to the management.

38
 Table no. 6.4
Positive communication between management and employees

Types of respondents No. of respondents % of respondents

100% of positively
40 40%

50% positively
50 50%

10% positively
10 10%

Total
100 100

Chart no. 6.4 Positive communication between management and employees.

60

50

40

30
% of respondents

20

10

0
100% positively 50% positively 10% positively

INTERPRETATION
Here the graph showing about the positive communication to the management.
The 40 respondent say they have 100% positive communication to their management.
Other 50 respondent say they have 50% positive communication to their management.
Other are say they have only 10% positive communication to their management.

39
 Table no. 6.5
Method of communication promote to their work.

Opinion No. of respondents % of respondents

Face to face
60 60%

General meeting 35 35%

Telephone 5 5%

Total 100 100%

Chart no. 6.5 Method of communication promote to their work.

70%

60%

50%

40%

% of respondent
30%

20%

10%

0%
Face to face General meeting Telephone

INTERPRETATION
The above table shows that 50% of employees likes face to face
communication. The 35% of employees like general meeting communication. Then
the 55% of employees like telephonic communication. (Mostly face to face relation to
each other is promote their work. This is the final result is identifying the graph).

40
 Table no. 6.6
Satisfaction of supervisor’s communication

Opinion No. of respondents % of respondents

100% satisfied 40 40%

50% satisfied 40 40%

25% satisfied 20 20%

0% satisfied 0 0%

Total 100 100%

Chart no. 6.6 Satisfaction of supervisor’s communication

45%

40%

35%

30%

25%

20% % of respondents

15%

10%

5%

0%
100% satisfied 50% satisfied 25% satisfied 0% satisfied

INTERPRETATION
Here the graph showing the satisfaction of supervisor’s behavior and attitude
to the employees. 40% respondents say they are 100% satisfied in the communication
of supervisors. Next 40% employees are says that they are 50% satisfied. Remaining
20% of employees say that are 25% satisfied to the supervisors attitude.

41
 Table no. 6.7
Qualification of employees

Qualification No. of respondents % of respondents

SSLC 60 60%

Plus two 20 20%

Degree/PG 10 10%

Other 10 10%

Total 100 100%

Chart no. 6.7 Qualification of employees

70

60

50

40

% of respondents
30

20

10

0
SSLC Plus two Degree/PG Other

INTERPRETATION
The graph showing about qualification of the employees. The 60% of
employees are qualified in SSLC. The 20% of employees are qualified in plus two.
The degree and other PG completed employees are working in the higher possession
in the company, they are in 10% other remaining members are qualified in other
courses related to the computer any other.

42
 Table no. 6.8
Experience of the employees

Experience No. of respondents % of respondents

5 years 70 70%

No
30 30%

Total
100 100%

Chart no. 6.8Experience of the employees

45%

40%

35%

30%

25%

20% % of respondents
15%

10%

5%

0%
5 year 10 year 15 year More than 25
years

INTERPRETATION
The table showing about the experience of the employees. The employees
have the experience 15 years is the 40% if employees. 10 years experienced
employees are 30% level. More than 25 experienced employees are 20% level. The 5
years experience employees is 10 level.

43
 Table no. 6.9
Immediate communication systems.
Normally followed
Communication system communication % of respondents
system

Announcement 10 100%

Long bell 80 80%

Other 10 10%

Total 100 100%

Chart no. 6.9 Immediate communication systems.

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40% % of respondents

30%

20%

10%

0%
Announcement Long bell Other

INTERPRETATION
In each and every organization are followed different type of immediate
communication system in the organization. It is used to convey information
immediately when an accident or fire was occurred. They follow long bell
information passing system. It is normally usage at 80% level. Other communication
system is followed only 10% level.

44
 Table no. 6.10
Management communication style to the employees, when a mistake occurred in
a working site

Managing attitudes No. of respondents % of respondents

With positive attitude 80 80%

With negative attitude 10 10%

With harsh level 10 10%

Total 100 100%

Chart no. 6.10 Management communication style to the employees, when a

mistake occurred in a working site.
90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40% % of respondents
30%

20%

10%

0%
With positive With negative Category 3
attitude attitude

INTERPRETATION
Mistake emerging is the normal cases in the business organization. How will
be deal it mistake by the manager is necessary factor. The manager and other
subordinate helps are necessary at this time.

45
 Table no. 6.11
Manager visiting in different working sites

Managers visiting No. of respondents % of respondents

Daily 0 0%

Weekly 10 10%

Monthly 70 70%

6 Monthly 20 20%

Total 100 100%

Chart no. 6.11 Manager visiting different working sites

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%
% of respondents
30%

20%

10%

0%
Daily Weekly Monthly 6 monthly

INTERPRETATION
This chart showing about the managers visiting in the working sites. The
managers working sites visiting is very helpful for the increasing communication
level within them. Daily visiting is not possible as a manager. So manager is tried to
visit monthly at 70% level. Then the managers visit some working areas are visiting
the manager only 10% level in weekly. The graph implies the result that manager are
tried to visit the working place, and tried to communicate and interact with them.

46
 Table no. 6.12
Examine of manager stressed attitude on employees

Stressed No. of respondents % of respondents

100% stressed 30 30%

50% stressed 10 10%

25% stressed 10 10%

No stress 50 50%

Total 100 100%

Chart no. 6.12 Examine of managers stressed attitude on employees

60%

50%

40%

30%
% of respondents

20%

10%

0%
100% stressed 50% stressed 25% stressed No stress

INTERPRETATION
This chart testing about the manager stressed attitude on employees. The 50%
of employees are tells there have no stress in the company. Other 30% of employees
are says they fells 100% stressed in the business organization. Other remaining 50%
employees are says they feel 50% stress in the business organization. Other 10% of
employees says they feel 25% stressed the working situation.

47
 Table no. 6.13
Employee getting communication chances during the working sites

Breaks No. of respondents % of respondents

Tea break 30 30%

Only lunch break 60 60%

Other intervals 10 10%

Total 100 100%

Chart no. 6.13 Employee getting communication chances during the working

70%

60%

50%

40%

30% Series1

20%

10%

0%
Tea break Only lunch break Other intervals

sites

INTERPRETATION
In a business organization, the employees interactivity to each other is a must
factors. There is no connection to each other without lead working condition in better
way. This graph showing about the communication chances at the working sites to
each other. In tea break 30% level they get chances to each other. In lunch break they
get more time to communication that is 60% showing in this graph. In other intervals
they get chances only 10% level

48
 CHAPTER 7
FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION

49
7.1 FINDINGS
1. Most of the employees are satisfied the communication techniques of the
sulfex mattress company. Company follows the communication techniques in
better way.
2. Company follows the announcement and long bell as immediate
communication transform methods followed by the company.
3. The employees get chances to communicate with other employees in lunch
break and other intervals. It ensures the interactivity between the employees.
4. Stressing feeling are not affected by the employees.The highest number of
employees are says they have no feeling of stress during the working
condition. This indicates the manager's good behavior on employees.
5. Birth day parties and other function of the employees are conducted and
celebrated in the company. It indicates the employees and managers have god
relation to each other.
6. Mostly managers are connected with the employees through subordinates.
7. Managers are not given fully restriction to the mobile phones in a working
place. Give certain limitations only.
8. Management gives financial helps to the employees and their families also.
Mostly the interfere in the hospital cases and children's education etc.
9. The management of the company promotes the employees working by
providing various grievances.
10. The number of employees gets chances to share their suggestions and
experiences to the management.
11. In this company managers are try to visit the working places and try to spent
some little time with their.
12. Companies employees have experienced more than five years now.
13. Most of the employees are qualified in basic education SSLC.
14. The all employees prefer face to face communication with management. It can
be solving their problems.
15. Employees are satisfied their working. But absence of good guidance in some
cases they feel as a problem.

50
16. Management maintains their good relation to the employees. Company
maintains all problem of employees in better way. Company interferes in
hospital cases of the employees. It reveals the good relation to the
management and employees.
17. Majority of the employees are dissatisfied with HOD’s behavior

51
7.2 SUGGEESSIONS
1. It is suggest that management must be ready to hear in every time, employees
have what they tell.
2. I recommend that there should be weekly or monthly must be arrange a
discussion pattern between the employees and manager.
3. I strongly recommend that regular staff meeting must be conducted in the
organization.
4. Employees have desire for introduce new technologies and suggestions. So
management should ready to asking about it, and collects the list of it. And try
implementing it.
5. When manager have absence of time to spent employees. They can implement
video chatting within the company or working sites, in big screen.
6. Every employee should list out their experience in each day and sends it to the
headquarters.
7. Provide adequate and suitable financial assistance to the employees in the
form of loans and other advances.
8. Provide the medical checkup facilities to the employees in a monthly or 2
weekly. It helps to aware about the employee's health and employees
efficiency for doing work. The providing of these facilities is made good
relation to the employees and managers.
9. To improve the HOD's attitudes and behavior to the employees. In some
situations they are not to be satisfied.

52
7.3 CONCLUSION
This study is conducted in Sulfex Mattress Company in Thaliparamba for
studying about the communication effectiveness of the company. The good
Communication level of employees and management is necessary and essential factor
for leading successfulness of the company.
As by this study 1 can find out the communication structure of the company,
barriers of the communication structure in the company, and how to be
communication can be motivate the employees. I get the result that is company has
some barriers in the communication that is lack of communication chances with the
management. Communication can be motivating the employees in this company by
management is interferes in their problems.

53
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
1) Business communication (book of Pro. A.P. Krishnan,Prof. K.K. Asokan)
2) Organizational behavior (book of Stephin P Robbins, Tinomy A Judge,
Neharika Vohra)

WEBSITE
1. www.sulfexmattres.corn

54
ANNEXURE

55
 ANNEXURE
1. Age of employees in the company?
18 to 25
25 to 50
50 to 60
2. Are you satisfied the communication system of Sulfex Mattress Company?
Yes
No
3. Are you getting the freedom to the management by communication?
Yes
No
4. Communication between the manager and other supervisors are promoting
your work with positively?
100%
50%
25%
0%
5. Which method of communication normally promote to your working?
Face to face
General meeting
Telephone conversation
6. Are you satisfied supervisor’s communication?
100%
50%
25%
0%
7. Qualification
SSLC/Plus two
IT
Other
Any degree

56
8. Experience
5 years
10 years
15 years
20 years
9. Any immediate communication techniques are followed by the company?
Announcement
Long bell
Other
10. Normally any faults occurred in the part of employee, how should be
management react on you?
With positive attitude
With negative attitude
Stressed level
11. Are management is giving any relaxing time during the work site?
Tea break
Lunch break
Br intervals
12. During the period of working manager is visit on your working sites? How
many times?
Daily
Weekly
Monthly
6 monthly
No visit

57