allows action footage of conductors and conducting concepts, allowing
conducting students to build visual images of total gestures, as opposed to textbooks, which use photographic snapshots or written descriptions of movements. For this reason, it is curious that there are not more conducting instructional materials to make use of the DVD or video formats. According to McMurray, the study of instrumental conducting is the study of movement to communicate music. This DVD employs a strongly kinaesthetic approach throughout, aided by excellent modeling by McMurray and effective use of imagery. Although this DVD is aimed at experienced conductors, it could also be used effectively by less experienced conductors. It contains an introduction and thirteen chapters in which McMurray demonstrates concepts in front of the camera and also works with other conductors in a masterclass situation. McMurray states at the outset that good conducting begins with an awareness of the body, so he starts with an exploration of conducting hinges, such as the shoulder, elbow, wrist and fingers, the focus being on developing a kinaesthetic feel for the gestures, as conducting, according to McMurray, is based on leading through gesture (McMurray 2003). McMurray links the quality of sound gained by the conductor to the use of the conductor’s hinges. Preparatory gestures are introduced early and effectively in Chapter One, McMurray emphasising the importance of the three elements of a beat, the preparation, ictus, and rebound, and demonstrating how facial gesture and even eyes can deliver these. The baton is introduced as another hinge, which through the correct angle of the baton visibly communicates the energy of gestures at the tip. The baton is used in combination with face and eyes, McMurray insisting that the field of beating be placed below the level of eye contact to avoid disruption of this line of communication (in a similar manner to Garofalo and Battisti). Eye contact is covered in Chapter Three, McMurray making effective use of the DVD medium to demonstrate how eye contact engages the musicians, enhancing communication. McMurray encourages conductors to get away from beat pattern conducting as soon as possible to communicate the music, defining a conductor’s role as ‘to look like the music’ (McMurray 2003). As earlier stated, he regards the control of the left hand as one of the most subjective aspects of conducting, but through visual demonstration and imagery manages to create a tangible left hand