PRINT - CSC-121 Breaker Protection IED Technical Application Manual V1.03 (英文) PDF

CSC-121
Breaker Protection IED

Technical Application Manual
CSC-121 数字式断路器保护装置
说明书
（英文）
编制：唐小珍
校核：赵月
标准化审查：成红琼
审定：熊军
版本号：V1.03
文件代号：0SF.455.058(E)
出版日期：2019.08
Version：V1.03
Doc. Code: 0SF.455.058(E)
Issued Date：2019.08
Copyright owner: Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd
Note: the company keeps the right to perfect the instruction. If equipment
does not agree with the instruction at anywhere, please contact our company
in time. We will provide you with corresponding service.
®
is registered trademark of Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd.
We reserve all rights to this document, even in the event that a patent is issued and a different
commercial proprietary right is registered. Improper use, in particular reproduction and
dissemination to third parties, is not permitted.
This document has been carefully checked. If the user nevertheless detects any errors, he is
asked to notify us as soon as possible.
The data contained in this manual is intended solely for the IED description and is not to be
deemed to be a statement of guaranteed properties. In the interests of our customers, we
constantly seek to ensure that our products are developed to the latest technological
standards as a result it is possible that there may be some differences between the
hardware/software product and this information product.
Manufacturer:
Beijing Sifang Automation Co., Ltd.
Email: support@sf-auto.com
Website: http://www.sf-auto.com
Add: No.9, Shangdi 4th Street, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R.C.100085
Preface
Purpose of this manual
This manual describes the functions, operation, installation, and placing into
service of IED CSC-121. In particular, one will find:
 Information on how to configure the IED scope and a description of the

IED functions and setting options;
 Instructions for mounting and commissioning;
 Compilation of the technical specifications;
 A compilation of the most significant data for experienced users in the

Appendix.
Target Audience
This manual mainly face to installation engineer, commissioning engineer and
operation engineer with perfessional electric and electrical knowledge, rich
experience in protection function, using protection IED, test IED, responsible
for the installation, commissioning, maintenance and taking the protection
IED in and out of normal service.
Applicability of this Manual
This manual is valid for SIFANG Breaker Protection IED CSC-121.
Chapter “Single-phase voltage connection” applies to solidification software

version V1.04CE and above.
Technical support
In case of further questions concerning the CSC family, please contact
SiFang compay or your local SiFang representative.
Safety information
Strictly follow the company and international safety regulations.

Working in a high voltage environment requires serious approach to
avoid human injuries and damage to equipment
I
Do not touch any circuitry during operation. Potentially lethal
voltages and currents are present
Avoid to touching the circuitry when covers are removed. The IED
contains electirc circuits which can be damaged if exposed to static
electricity. Lethal high voltage circuits are also exposed when covers
are removed
Using the isolated test pins when measuring signals in open circuitry.
Potentially lethal voltages and currents are present
Never connect or disconnect wire and/or linker to or from IED during

normal operation. Dangerous voltages and currents are present.
Operation may be interrupted and IED and measuring circuitry may
be damaged
Always connect the IED to protective earth regardless of the

operating conditions. Operating the IED without proper earthing may
damage both IED and measuring circuitry and may cause injuries in
case of an accident.
Do not disconnect the secondary connection of current transformer

without short-circuiting the transformer’s secondary winding.
Operating a current transformer with the secondary winding open will
cause a high voltage that may damage the transformer and may
cause injuries to humans.
Do not remove the screw from a powered IED or from an IED

connected to power circuitry. Potentially lethal voltages and currents
are present
Using the certified conductive bags to transport PCBs (modules).

Handling modules with a conductive wrist strap connected to
protective earth and on an antistatic surface. Electrostatic discharge
may cause damage to the module due to electronic circuits are
sensitive to this phenomenon
II
Do not connect live wires to the IED, internal circuitry may be
damaged
When replacing modules using a conductive wrist strap connected to

protective earth. Electrostatic discharge may damage the modules
and IED circuitry
When installing and commissioning, take care to avoid electrical

shock if accessing wiring and connection IEDs
Changing the setting value group will inevitably change the IEDs
operation. Be careful and check regulations before making the
change
III
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................1
1 Overview............................................................................................................................................. 3
2 Features.............................................................................................................................................. 3
3 Functions............................................................................................................................................ 5
3.1 Protection functions.......................................................................................................... 5
3.2 Monitoring functions..........................................................................................................6
3.3 Station communication..................................................................................................... 6
3.4 IED software tools............................................................................................................. 7
Chapter 2 General IED application................................................................................................... 9
1 Display information......................................................................................................................... 10
1.1 LCD screen display function......................................................................................... 10
1.2 Analog display function.................................................................................................. 10
1.3 Report display function...................................................................................................10
1.4 Menu display function.....................................................................................................10
2 Report record................................................................................................................................... 10
3 Disturbance recorder...................................................................................................................... 10
3.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 10
3.2 Setting............................................................................................................................... 11
4 Self supervision function................................................................................................................ 11
4.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................11
4.2 Self supervision principle...............................................................................................12
4.3 Self supervision report................................................................................................... 12
5 Time synchronization......................................................................................................................13
5.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 13
5.2 Synchronization principle...............................................................................................13
5.2.1 Synchronization from IRIG............................................................................................ 14
5.2.2 Synchronization via PPS or PPM.................................................................................14
5.2.3 Synchronization via SNTP.............................................................................................15
6 Setting............................................................................................................................................... 15
6.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 15
6.2 Operation principle..........................................................................................................15
7 Authorization.................................................................................................................................... 15
Chapter 3 Overcurrent protection................................................................................................... 17
1 Overcurrent protection....................................................................................................................18
1.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 18
1.2 Protection principle......................................................................................................... 18
1.2.1 Time characteristic..................................................................................................18
1.2.2 Inrush restraint feature...........................................................................................19
1.2.3 Direciton determination feature............................................................................ 20
1.2.4 Logic diagram.......................................................................................................... 21
1.3 Input and output signals.................................................................................................22
1.4 Setting parameters......................................................................................................... 23
IV
1.5 Reports............................................................................................................................. 24
1.6 Technical data................................................................................................................. 25
Chapter 4 Earth fault protection...................................................................................................... 27
1 Earth fault protection...................................................................................................................... 28
1.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 28
1.2.3 Direction determination feature............................................................................ 30
1.2.4 Logic diagram.......................................................................................................... 33
1.5 Reports............................................................................................................................. 38
1.6 Technical data................................................................................................................. 39
Chapter 5 Neutral earth fault protection.........................................................................................41
1 Neutral earth fault protection.........................................................................................................42
1.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 42
1.2.3 Direction determination.......................................................................................... 44
1.2.4 Logic diagram.......................................................................................................... 45
1.5 Reports............................................................................................................................. 47
1.6 Technical data................................................................................................................. 48
Chapter 6 Sensitive earth fault protection..................................................................................... 51
1 Sensitive earth fault protection..................................................................................................... 52
1.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 52
1.2.2 Direction determination feature............................................................................ 54
1.2.3 Logic diagram.......................................................................................................... 56
1.5 IED report......................................................................................................................... 60
1.6 Technical data................................................................................................................. 60
Chapter 7 Negative sequence overcurrent protection.................................................................63
1 Negative sequence overcurrent protection.................................................................................64
1.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 64
1.2.1 Protection function description............................................................................. 64
1.2.2 Logic diagram.......................................................................................................... 66
V
1.5 Reports............................................................................................................................. 68
1.6 Technical data................................................................................................................. 68
Chapter 8 Thermal overload protection......................................................................................... 71
1 Thermal overload protection......................................................................................................... 72
1.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 72
1.2 Function principle............................................................................................................ 72
1.5 Reports............................................................................................................................. 75
1.6 Technical data................................................................................................................. 75
Chapter 9 Overload protection........................................................................................................ 77
1 Overload protection........................................................................................................................ 78
1.1.1 Function description............................................................................................... 78
1.1.2 Logic diagram.......................................................................................................... 78
1.4 Reports............................................................................................................................. 79
Chapter 10 Overvoltage protection................................................................................................... 81
1 Overvoltage protection................................................................................................................... 82
1.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 82
1.2.1 Phase to phase overvoltage protection...............................................................82
1.2.2 Phase to earth overvlotage protection................................................................ 83
1.2.3 Logic diagram.......................................................................................................... 83
1.5 Reports............................................................................................................................. 85
1.6 Technical data................................................................................................................. 85
Chapter 11 Undervoltage protection.................................................................................................87
1 Undervoltage protection.................................................................................................................88
1.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 88
1.2.1 Phase to phase underovltage protection............................................................ 88
1.2.2 Phase to earth undervoltage protection..............................................................89
1.2.3 Depending on the VT location.............................................................................. 89
1.2.4 Logic diagram.......................................................................................................... 91
1.5 Reports............................................................................................................................. 94
1.6 Technical data................................................................................................................. 94
Chapter 12 Displacement voltage protection.................................................................................. 95
1 Displacement voltage protection.................................................................................................. 96
VI
1.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 96
1.2.1 Function description............................................................................................... 96
1.2.2 Logic diagram.......................................................................................................... 97
1.5 Reports............................................................................................................................. 99
1.6 Technical data................................................................................................................. 99
Chapter 13 Circuit breaker failure protection................................................................................ 101
1 Circuit breaker failure protection................................................................................................ 102
1.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 102
1.2 Function Description.....................................................................................................103
1.2.1 Current criterion evaluation.................................................................................103
1.2.2 Circuit breaker auxiliary contact evaluation..................................................... 104
1.2.3 Logic diagram........................................................................................................104
1.3 Input and output signals.............................................................................................. 109
1.4 Setting parameters........................................................................................................110
1.5 Reports............................................................................................................................111
1.6 Technical data................................................................................................................111
Chapter 14 Dead zone protection................................................................................................... 113
1 Dead zone protection................................................................................................................... 114
1.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................114
1.2 Protection principle....................................................................................................... 114
1.2.1 Function description............................................................................................. 114
1.2.2 Logic diagram........................................................................................................ 118
1.3 Input and output signals...............................................................................................118
1.4 Setting parameters........................................................................................................119
1.5 Reports........................................................................................................................... 120
1.6 Technical data............................................................................................................... 120
Chapter 15 Stub protection.............................................................................................................. 121
1 Stub protection.............................................................................................................................. 122
1.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 122
1.2.2 Logic diagram........................................................................................................123
1.4 Setting parameters....................................................................................................... 124
1.5 Reports........................................................................................................................... 124
1.6 Technical data............................................................................................................... 124
Chapter 16 Stub Differential protection..........................................................................................127
1 Stub differential protection...........................................................................................................128
1.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 128
1.2 Protection Principle.......................................................................................................129
1.2.1 Protection Startup elements............................................................................... 129
VII
1.2.2 The low-set percentage restraint current differential protecion.................... 130
1.2.3 The high-set percentage restraint current differential protecion...................131
1.2.4 The Simple Current Differential Protection Stage I.........................................131
1.2.5 The Simple Current Differential Protection Stage II........................................132
1.2.6 Logic diagram........................................................................................................132
1.5 Setting Descriptions..................................................................................................... 134
1.6 Reports........................................................................................................................... 134
1.7 Technical data............................................................................................................... 135
Chapter 17 Poles discordance protection..................................................................................... 137
1 Poles discordance protection......................................................................................................138
1.1 Introdcution.................................................................................................................... 138
1.2.2 Logic diagram........................................................................................................139
1.5 Reports........................................................................................................................... 141
1.6 Technical data............................................................................................................... 141
Chapter 18 Synchro-check and energizing check function........................................................ 143
1 Synchro-check and energizing check function........................................................................ 144
1.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 144
1.2 Function principle..........................................................................................................144
1.2.1 Synchro-check mode........................................................................................... 144
1.2.2 Energizing check mode....................................................................................... 145
1.2.3 Override mode.......................................................................................................146
1.2.4 Logic diagram........................................................................................................147
1.5 Reports........................................................................................................................... 149
1.6 Technical data............................................................................................................... 149
Chapter 19 Auto-reclosing function................................................................................................ 151
1 Auto- reclosing...............................................................................................................................152
1.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 152
1.2.1 Single-shot reclosing............................................................................................153
1.2.2 Multi-shot reclosing.............................................................................................. 154
1.2.3 AR coordination between tie CB and side CB.................................................156
1.2.4 Auto-reclosing operation mode.......................................................................... 162
1.2.5 Auto-reclosing initiation........................................................................................163
1.2.6 Cooperating with external protection IED.........................................................163
1.2.7 Auto-reclosing logic.............................................................................................. 164
1.2.8 AR blocked conditions......................................................................................... 166
VIII
1.2.9 Logic diagram........................................................................................................167
1.5 Reports........................................................................................................................... 173
1.6 Technical data............................................................................................................... 173
Chapter 20 Synchro-check and energizing check function for manual close......................... 175
1 Synchro-check and energizing check function for manual close......................................... 176
1.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 176
1.2.1 Synchro-check mode........................................................................................... 177
1.2.2 Energizing ckeck mode........................................................................................179
1.2.3 Override mode.......................................................................................................180
1.3 Typical connection........................................................................................................180
1.3.1 Logic diagram........................................................................................................182
1.5.1 Setting lists.............................................................................................................183
1.5.2 Setting explanation...............................................................................................185
1.6 Reports........................................................................................................................... 185
1.7 Technical data............................................................................................................... 186
Chapter 21 Secondary system supervision...................................................................................189
1 Current circuit supervision...........................................................................................................190
1.1 Function description..................................................................................................... 190
1.4 Reports........................................................................................................................... 191
2 Fuse failure supervision...............................................................................................................191
2.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 191
2.2.1 Three phases (symmetrical) VT Fail................................................................. 192
2.2.2 Single/two phases (asymmetrical) VT Fail....................................................... 192
2.2.3 Logic diagram........................................................................................................193
2.5 Reports........................................................................................................................... 196
2.6 Technical data............................................................................................................... 196
Chapter 22 Single-phase voltage connection............................................................................... 197
1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 198
2 Setting parameter......................................................................................................................... 198
Chapter 23 Monitoring...................................................................................................................... 201
1 Synchro-check reference voltage supervision.........................................................................202
2 Check auxiliary contact of circuit breaker................................................................................. 202
Chapter 24 Station communication................................................................................................ 203
1 Overview.........................................................................................................................................204
IX
1.1 Protocol...........................................................................................................................204
1.1.1 IEC61850-8 communication protocol................................................................ 204
1.1.2 IEC60870-5-103 communication protocol........................................................204
1.2 Communication port..................................................................................................... 205
1.2.1 Front communication port................................................................................... 205
1.2.2 RS485 communication ports...............................................................................205
1.2.3 Ethernet communication ports............................................................................205
1.3 Technical data............................................................................................................... 205
1.4 Typical substation communication scheme............................................................. 207
1.5 Typical time synchronizing scheme...........................................................................207
Chapter 25 Hardware........................................................................................................................209
1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 210
1.1 IED structure..................................................................................................................210
1.2 IED module arrangement............................................................................................ 210
2 Local human-machine interface................................................................................................. 211
2.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................211
2.2 Liquid crystal display (LCD)........................................................................................ 212
2.3 LED................................................................................................................................. 212
2.4 Keyboard........................................................................................................................ 213
2.5 IED menu....................................................................................................................... 214
2.5.1 Menu construction................................................................................................ 214
2.5.2 Operation status....................................................................................................215
2.5.3 Reports search......................................................................................................216
2.5.4 Set time.................................................................................................................. 216
2.5.5 Contrast.................................................................................................................. 217
2.5.6 Settings...................................................................................................................217
2.5.7 IED setting..............................................................................................................217
2.5.8 Test binary output................................................................................................. 218
2.5.9 Testing operation...................................................................................................218
3 Analog input module.....................................................................................................................218
3.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 218
3.2 Terminals of analog input module..............................................................................219
3.3 Technical data............................................................................................................... 221
4 Communication module............................................................................................................... 222
4.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 222
4.2 Terminals of Communication module........................................................................223
4.3 Substaion communication port................................................................................... 224
4.3.3 Ethernet communication ports............................................................................224
4.3.4 Time synchronization port................................................................................... 224
4.4 Technical data............................................................................................................... 225
5 Binary input module......................................................................................................................226
5.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 226
X
5.2 Terminals of Binary Input Module.............................................................................. 227
5.3 Technical data............................................................................................................... 228
6 Binary output module................................................................................................................... 229
6.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 229
6.2 Terminals of Binary Output Module........................................................................... 229
6.3 Technical data............................................................................................................... 233
7 Power supply module...................................................................................................................234
7.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 234
7.2 Terminals of Power Supply Module...........................................................................235
7.3 Technical data............................................................................................................... 236
8 Techinical data.............................................................................................................................. 237
8.1 Type tests.......................................................................................................................237
8.1.1 Product safety-related tests................................................................................ 237
8.1.2 Electromagnetic immunity tests......................................................................... 238
8.1.3 DC voltage interruption test................................................................................ 240
8.1.4 Electromagnetic emission test............................................................................240
8.1.5 Mechanical tests................................................................................................... 241
8.1.6 Climatic tests......................................................................................................... 242
8.2 CE Certificate................................................................................................................ 242
8.3 IED design......................................................................................................................242
Chapter 26 Appendix........................................................................................................................ 243
1 General setting list........................................................................................................................ 244
Function setting list....................................................................................................................... 244
2 General report list......................................................................................................................... 259
3 Typical connection........................................................................................................................ 265
4 Time inverse characteristic..........................................................................................................268
4.1 11 kinds of IEC and ANSI inverse time characteristic curves...............................268
4.2 User defined characteristic..........................................................................................268
4.3 Typical inverse curves................................................................................................. 270
5 CT requirement..............................................................................................................................282
5.1 Overview.........................................................................................................................282
5.2 Current transformer classification.............................................................................. 282
5.3 Abbreviations (according to IEC 60044-1, -6, as defined).....................................283
5.4 General current transformer requirements...............................................................284
5.4.1 Protective checking current.................................................................................284
5.4.2 CT class..................................................................................................................285
5.4.3 Accuracy class...................................................................................................... 286
5.4.4 Ratio of CT.............................................................................................................286
5.4.5 Rated secondary current..................................................................................... 287
5.4.6 Secondary burden................................................................................................ 287
5.5 Rated equivalent secondary e.m.f requirements.................................................... 288
5.5.1 Line differential protection................................................................................... 288
5.5.2 Transformer differential protection.....................................................................289
5.5.3 Busbar differential protection.............................................................................. 290
XI
5.5.4 Distance protection...............................................................................................290
5.5.5 Definite time overcurrent protection and earth fault protection.....................291
5.5.6 Inverse time overcurrent protection and earth fault protection..................... 292
XII
Chapter 1 Introduction
About this chapter
This chapter gives an overview of SIFANG Breaker Protection

IED CSC-121.
1
II
1 Overview
The CSC-121 is selective, reliable and high speed breaker management and
backup protection IED (Intelligent Electronic Device), which is used as
backup protection cooperating with main protection in different applications
such as overhead line, cable, transformer, reactor and busbar protection. It
can also work as a dedicated breaker management relay for circuit breaker.
The IED has powerful capabilities to cover following applications:
 Used in a wide range of voltage levels, up to 1000kV
 Applied to overhead lines and cables, as backup protection IED
 Applicable in subtransmission network and distribution network
 Applied to transformer as backup protection IED
 Breaker management protection for any substation arrangement such as

one and half breakers arrangement, double bus arrangement, etc.
 Work as a dedicated breaker protection for single circuit breaker
 Suitable for single pole/three poles tripping and closing conditions
 Communication with station automation system
The IED provides a completely protection functions library, including current

protection, voltage protection, auto-reclosing, breaker failure protection,
thermal overload protection, etc., to cover most of the requirements of
different applications.
2 Features
 Protection and monitoring IED with extensive functional library, user
configuration possibility and expandable hardware design to meet with
user’s special requirements
 A complete protection functions library, include:
 Overcurrent protection (50, 51, 67)
 Earth fault protection (50N, 51N, 67N)
 Neutral earth fault protection (50G, 51G, 67G)
3
 Sensitive earth fault protection (50Ns, 51Ns, 67Ns)
 Negative-sequence overcurrent protection (46)
 Thermal overload protection (49)
 Overload protection (50OL)
 Overvoltage protection (59)
 Undervoltage protection (27)
 Displacement voltage protection (64)
 Circuit breaker failure protection (50BF)
 Poles discordance protection (50PD)
 Dead zone protection (50SH-Z)
 Stub protection (50Stub)
 Synchro-check and energizing check (25)
 Auto-recloser function for single- and/or three-phase reclosing (79)
 Voltage transformer secondary circuit supervision (97FF)
 Current transformer secondary circuit supervision
 Self-supervision to all modules in the IED
 Complete information recording: tripping reports, alarm reports, startup

reports and general operation records. Any kind of reports can be stored
up to 2000 and be memorized in case of power disconnection
 Up to three electric/optical Ethernet ports can be selected to

communicate with substation automation system by IEC61850 or
IEC60870-5-103 protocols
 Up to two electric RS-485 ports can be selected to communicate with

substation automation system by IEC60870-5-103 protocol
 Time synchronization via network(SNTP), pulse and IRIG-B mode
 Configurable LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) and output relays satisfied

users’ requirement
 Versatile human-machine interface
 Multifunctional software tool CSmart for setting, monitoring, fault

recording analysis, configuration, etc.
4
3 Functions
3.1 Protection functions
Table 1 Protection function

IEC 61850 IEC 60617
Description ANSI Code Logical Node graphical
Name symbol
Current protection
3IINV>
Overcurrent protection 50,51,67 PTOC 3I >>
3I >>>
I0INV>
Earth fault protection 50N, 51N, 67N PEFM I0>>
I0>>>
Neutral earth fault protection 50G, 51G, 67G
50Ns, 51Ns, 3INE>
Sensitive earth fault protection
67Ns 3INE>>
Negative-sequence overcurrent
46
protection
Thermal overload protection 49 PTTR Ith
Overload protection 50OL PTOC 3I >OL
Voltage protection
3U>
Overvoltage protection 59 PTOV
3U>>
3U<
Undervoltage protection 27 PTUV
3U<<
Displacement voltage protection 64 VE>
Breaker control function

3I> BF
Breaker failure protection 50BF RBRF I0>BF
I2>BF
Dead zone protection 50SH-Z
Stub protection 50Stub PTOC 3I>Stub

3I< PD
Poles discordance protection 50PD RPLD I0>PD
I2>PD
Synchro-check and energizing check 25 RSYN
5
IEC 61850 IEC 60617

Description ANSI Code Logical Node graphical
Name symbol
Auto-recloser 79 RREC O→I
Single- and/or three-pole tripping 94-1/3 PTRC
Secondary system supervision
CT secondary circuit supervision
VT secondary circuit supervision 97FF
3.2 Monitoring functions
Table 2 Monitoring function
Description
Synchro-check reference voltage supervision
Auxiliary contacts of circuit breaker supervision
Self-supervision
Fault recorder
3.3 Station communication
Table 3 Station communication
Description
Front communication port
Isolated RS232 port
Rear communication port
0-2 isolated electrical RS485 communication ports
0-3 Ethernet electrical/optical communication ports
Time synchronization port
Communication protocols
IEC 61850 protocol
IEC 60870-5-103 protocol
6
3.4 IED software tools
Table 4 IED Software tools
Functions
Reading measuring value
Reading IED report
Setting
IED testing
Disturbance recording analysis
IED configuration
Printing
7
Chapter 2 General IED application
About this chapter
This chapter describes the use of the included software

functions in the IED. The chapter discusses general application
possibilities.
9
1 Display information
1.1 LCD screen display function
The LCD screen displays measured analog, report outputs and menu.
1.2 Analog display function
The analog display includes measured Ia, Ib, Ic, 3I0, I5, Ua, Ub, Uc, U4.
1.3 Report display function
The report display includes tripping, alarm and operation recording.
1.4 Menu display function
The menu display includes main menu and debugging menu, see Chapter 25
for detail.
2 Report record
The report record includes tripping, alarm and operation reports. See Chapter
26 General report list for detail.
3 Disturbance recorder
3.1 Introduction
To get fast, complete and reliable information about fault current, voltage,
binary signal and other disturbances in the power system is very important.
This is accomplished by the disturbance recorder function and facilitates a
better understanding of the behavior of the power system and related primary
and secondary equipment during and after a disturbance. An analysis of the
recorded data provides valuable information that can be used to explain a
disturbance, basis for change of IED setting plan, improvement of existing
equipment etc.
The disturbance recorder, always included in the IED, acquires sampled data
10
from measured analogue quantities, calculated analogue quantity, binary

input and output signals.
The function is characterized by great flexibility and is not dependent on the

operation of protection functions. It can even record disturbances not tripped
by protection functions.
The disturbance recorder information is saved for each of the recorded

disturbances in the IED and the user may use the local human machine
interface or dedicated tool to get some general information about the
recordings. The disturbance recording information is included in the
disturbance recorder files. The information is also available on a station bus
according to IEC 61850 and IEC 60870-5-103.
Fault wave recorder with great capacity, can record full process of any fault,
and can save the corresponding records. Optional data format or wave format
is provided, and can be exported through serial port or Ethernet port by
COMTRADE format.
3.2 Setting
Table 5 Disturbance recorder setting

Abbr. Explanation Default Unit Min. Max.
Time setting for recording time
T_Pre Fault 0.05 s 0.05 0.3
before fault occurred
Time setting for recording time
T_Post Fault 1 s 0.50 4.50
after fault occurred
Sample rate for fault recording
DR_Sample Rate (0: 600 sample/cycle, 1:1200 0 0 1
sample/cycle)
4 Self supervision function
4.1 Introduction
The IED may test all hardware components itself, including loop out of the
relay coil. Watch can find whether or not the IED is in fault through warning
LED and warning characters which show in liquid crystal display and display
reports to tell fault type.
The method of fault elimination is replacing fault board or eliminating external

fault.
11
4.2 Self supervision principle
 Measuring the resistance between analog circuits and ground
 Measuring the output voltage in every class
 Checking the zero drift and scale
 Verifying alarm circuit
 Verifying binary input
 Checking actual live tripping including circuit breaker
 Checking the setting values and parameters
4.3 Self supervision report
Table 6 Self supervision report

Abbr.(LCD Display) Description
Sample Err AI sampling data error
Soft Version Err Soft Version error
EquipPara Err Equipment parameter error
ROM Verify Err CRC verification for ROM error
Setting Err Setting value error
Set Group Err Pointer of setting group error
BO No Response Binary output (BO) no response
BO Breakdown Binary output (BO) breakdown
SRAM Check Err SRAM check error
FLASH Check Err FLASH check error
BI Config Err BI configuration error
BO Config Err BO configuration error
BI Comm Fail BI communication error
BO Comm Fail BO communication error
Test BO Un_reset Test BO unreset
BI Breakdown BI breakdown
DI Input Err BI input error
NO/NC Discord NO/NC discordance
BI Check Err BI check error
BI EEPROM Err BI EEPROM error
BO EEPROM Err BO EEPROM error
Sys Config Err System Configuration Error
12
Abbr.(LCD Display) Description

Battery Off Battery Off
Meas Freq Alarm Measurement Frequency Alarm
Not Used Not used
Trip Fail Trip fail
PhA CB Open Err PhaseA CB position BI error
PhB CB Open Err PhaseB CB position BI error
PhC CB Open Err PhaseC CB position BI error
3Ph Seq Err Three phase sequence error
AI Channel Err AI channel error
3I0 Reverse 3I0 reverse
3I0 Imbalance 3I0 imbalance
5 Time synchronization
5.1 Introduction
Use the time synchronization source selector to select a common source of

absolute time for the IED when it is a part of a protection system. This makes
comparison of events and disturbance data between all IEDs in a SA system
possible.
5.2 Synchronization principle
Time definitions
The error of a clock is the difference between the actual time of the clock, and
the time the clock is intended to have. The rate accuracy of a clock is normally
called the clock accuracy and means how much the error increases, i.e. how
much the clock gains or loses time. A disciplined clock is a clock that “knows”
its own faults and tries to compensate for them, i.e. a trained clock.
Synchronization principle
From a general point of view synchronization can be seen as a hierarchical

structure. A module is synchronized from a higher level and provides
synchronization to lower levels.
13
A module is said to be synchronized when it periodically receives

synchronization messages from a higher level. As the level decreases, the
accuracy of the synchronization decreases as well. A module can have
several potential sources of synchronization, with different maximum errors,
which gives the module the possibility to choose the source with the best
quality, and to adjust its internal clock from this source. The maximum error of
a clock can be defined as a function of:
 The maximum error of the last used synchronization message.
 The time since the last used synchronization message.
 The rate accuracy of the internal clock in the module.
5.2.1 Synchronization from IRIG
The built in GPS clock module receives and decodes time information from
the global positioning system. The module is located on the Communication
Module (MASTER). The GPS interfaces to the IED supply two possible
synchronization methods, IRIGB and PPS (or PPM).
5.2.2 Synchronization via PPS or PPM
The IED accepts PPS or PPM to the GPS interfaces on the Communication
Module. These pulses can be generated from e.g. station master clock. If the
station master clock is not synchronized from a world wide source, time will
be a relative time valid for the substation. Both positive and negative edges
on the signal can be accepted. This signal is also considered as a fine signal.
14
5.2.3 Synchronization via SNTP
SNTP provides a “Ping-Pong” method of synchronization. A message is sent

from an IED to an SNTP-server, and the SNTP-server returns the message
after filling in a reception time and a transmission time. SNTP operates via the
normal Ethernet network that connects IEDs together in an IEC61850
network. For SNTP to operate properly there must be a SNTP-server present,
preferably in the same station. The SNTP synchronization provides an
accuracy that will give 1ms accuracy for binary inputs. The IED itself can be
set as a SNTP-time server.
6 Setting
6.1 Introduction
Settings are divided into separate lists according to different functions. The
printed setting sheet consists of two parts -setting list and communication
parameters.
6.2 Operation principle
The setting procedure can be ended at the time by the key “SET” or “QUIT”. If
the key “SET” is pressed, the display shows the question “choose setting
zone”. The range of setting zone is from 1 to 16. After confirming with the
setting zone-key “SET”, those new settings will be valid. If key “QUIT” is
pressed instead, all modification which has been changed will be ignored.
7 Authorization
To safeguard the interests of our customers, both the IED and the tools that
are accessing the IED are protected, subject of authorization handling. The
concept of authorization, as it is implemented in the IED and the associated
tools is based on the following facts:
 There are two types of points of access to the IED:
 local, through the local HMI
 remote, through the communication ports
 There are different levels (or types) of guest, super user and protection
engineer that can access or operate different areas of the IED and tools
functionality.
15
Chapter 3 Overcurrent protection
About this chapter
This chapter describes the protection principle, input and output

signals, parameter, IED report and technical data used for
overcurrent protection.
17
1 Overcurrent protection
1.1 Introduction
The directional/non-directional overcurrent protection function can be applied

as backup protection functions in various applications for transmission lines.
The directional overcurrent protection can be used based on both the
magnitude of the fault current and the direction of power flow to the fault
location such as parallel lines. Main features of the overcurrent protection are
as follows:
 Two definite time stages
 One inverse time stage
 11 kinds of IEC and ANSI inverse time characteristic curves as well as

optional user defined characteristic
 Selectable directional element characteristic angle to satisfy the different

network conditions and applications
 Each stage can be set individually as directional/non-directional,
 Directional element can be set to be forward toward the protected object

or reverse toward system for all stages
 Each stage can be set individually for inrush restraint
 Cross blocking function for inrush detection
 Settable maximum inrush current
 VT secondary circuit supervision for directional protection. Once VT

failure happens, the directional stage can be set to be blocked or to be
non-directional stage
1.2 Protection principle
1.2.1 Time characteristic
The IED is designed with three overcurrent protection stages of which two
18
stages operate as definite overcurrent stages and the other one operates with
inverse time-current characteristic. 11 kinds of inverse time characteristics
are available. It is also possible to create a user defined time characteristic.
Each stage can operate in conjunction with the integrated inrush restraint,
directional functions and operate based on measured phase current.
Furthermore, each stage is independent from each other and can be

combined as desired.
Pickup value for the definite stage can be set in setting value. Each phase
current is compared with the corresponding setting value with delay time. If
currents exceed the associated pickup value, after expiry of the time delay,
the trip command is issued.
The pickup value for inverse time stage can be set in setting value. The
measured phase currents are compared with corresponding setting value and
if any phase exceeds that setting, the protection will issue a trip command
with corresponding delay time.
The time delay of inverse time characteristic is calculated based on the type
of the set characteristic, the magnitude of the current and a time multiplier.
For the inverse time characteristic, both ANSI and IEC based standard curves
are available, and any user-defined characteristic can be defined using the
following equation:
K_OC
Equation 1
Where:
A_OC: Time factor for inverse time stage
B_OC: Delay time for inverse time stage
P_OC: index for inverse time stage
K_OC: Time multiplier
1.2.2 Inrush restraint feature
The IED may detect large magnetizing inrush currents during transformer
19
energizing. Inrush current comprises large second harmonic current which

does not appear in short circuit current. Therefore, inrush current may affect
the protection functions which will operate based on the fundamental
component of the measured current. Accordingly, inrush restraint logic is
provided to prevent overcurrent protection from maloperation.
The inrush restraint feature operates based on evaluation of the 2nd harmonic
content which is present in measured current. The inrush condition is
recognized when the ratio of second harmonic current to fundamental
component exceeds the corresponding setting value for each phase. The
setting value is applicable for both definite time stage and inverse time stage.
The inrush restraint feature will be performed as soon as the ration exceeds
the set threshold.
Furthermore, by recognition of the inrush current in one phase, it is possible

to set the protection in a way that not only the phase with the considerable
inrush current, but also the other phases are blocked for a certain time. This is
achieved by cross-blocking feature integrated in the IED.
The inrush restraint function has a maximum inrush current setting. Once the
measuring current exceeds the setting, the overcurrent protection will not be
blocked any longer.
1.2.3 Direciton determination feature
The direction detection is performed by determining the position of current

vector in directional characteristic. In other word, it is done by comparing
phase angle between the fault current and the reference voltage. Figure 1
illustrates the direction detection characteristic for phase A element.
Two operation areas are provided for direction determination, the forward
area toward the protected object and the reverse area toward the system,
which are shown in Figure 1.
20
Figure 1 Direction detection characteristic of overcurrent protection directional element
Where:
ФPh_Char: The settable characteristic angle
The assignment of the applied measuring values used in direction

determination shows in Table 7 for different types of faults.
Table 7 Assignment of current and reference voltage for directional element

Phase Current Voltage
A Ia U bc
B Ib U ca
C Ic U ab
For three-phase short-circuit fault, without any healthy phase, memory

voltage values are used to determine direction clearly if the measured voltage
values are not sufficient. The detected direction is based on the memory
voltage of previous power cycles.
If VT fail happen (a short circuit or broken wire in the voltage transformer's

secondary circuit or voltage transformer fuse), the protection can be set to be
blocked or to be applied as non-directional overcurrent protection.
1.2.4 Logic diagram
The following logic diagram is applicable for phase A. Phase B and phase C
logic diagrams are similar with the phase A logic.
21
Figure 2 Logic diagram for phase A of overcurrent protection
1.3 Input and output signals
22
Table 8 Analog input list

Signal Description
IP1 Signal for current input 1
UP1 Signal for voltage input 1
Table 9 Binary output list
Signal Description
Relay Startup Relay startup
Trip 3Ph Trip three phases
OC1_Trip Overcurrent protection stage 1 trip
OC2_Trip Overcurrent protection stage 2 trip
OC Inv Trip Overcurrent protection inverse time stage trip
1.4 Setting parameters
Table 10 Overcurrent protection function setting list

Parameter Description Default Unit Min. Max.
I_OC1 Current setting for stage 1 2In A 0.05 100.0
T_OC1 Time setting for stage 1 0.1 s 0.00 60.00
I_OC2 Current setting for stage 2 1.2In A 0.05 100.0
Curve_OC Inv Inverse time curve 1 1 12
Current setting for inverse time
I_OC Inv 1.2In A 0.05 100.0
stage
Time multiplier for inverse time
K_OC Inv 1 0.05 999.0
stage
Time factor for inverse time
A_OC Inv 0.14 s 0.005 200.0
stage
B_OC Inv Delay time for inverse time stage 0 s 0.00 60.00
P_OC Inv Index for inverse time stage 0.02 0.005 10.00
Angle_OC Direction characteristic angle 60 Degree 0.00 90.00
Imax_2H_UnBlk Maximum inrush current setting 5In A 0.10 100.0
Ratio for second harmonic
Ratio_I2/I1 current to fundamental 0.2 0.07 0.50
component
T2h_Cross_Blk Time for cross blocking 1 s 0.00 60.00
23
Table 11 Overcurrent protection binary setting list

Name Description Default Unit Min. Max.
Overcurrent stage 1 enabled or
Func_OC1 1 0 1
disabled
Direction of overcurrent stage 1
OC1 Direction 1 0 1
enabled or disabled
Direction toward system (0) or toward
OC1 Dir To Sys 0 0 1
equipment (1) for stage 1
OC1 Inrush Inrush restraint for overcurrent stage 1
1 0 1
Block enabled or disabled
Overcurrent stage 2 enabled or
Func_OC2 1 0 1
disabled
Direction of overcurrent stage 2
OC2 Direction 1 0 1
enabled or disabled
Direction toward system (0) or toward
OC2 Dir To Sys 0 0 1
equipment (1) for stage 2
OC2 Inrush Inrush restraint for overcurrent stage 2
1 0 1
Inverse time stage for overcurrent
Func_OC Inv 1 0 1
enabled or disabled
Direction of inverse time stage enabled
OC Inv Direction 0 0 1
or disabled
OC Inv Dir To Direction toward system (0) or toward
0 0 1
Sys equipment (1) for inverse time stage
OC Inv Inrush Inrush restraint for inverse time stage
0 0 1
Blk OC at VT VT failure block overcurrent protection
1 0 1
Fail enabled or disabled
Overcurrent protection initiate CBF
OC Init CBF 1 0 1
protection enabled or disabled
1.5 Reports
Table 12 Event report list

Information Description
OC1 Trip Overcurrent stage 1 trip
OC2 Trip Overcurrent stage 2 trip
OC Inv Trip Inverse time stage of overcurrent protection trip
24
1.6 Technical data
NOTE:
Ir: CT rated secondary current, 1A or 5A;
In: nominal current of the reference side of transformer.
Table 13 Overcurrent protection technical data
Item Rang or Value Tolerance
Definite time characteristics
Current 0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir ≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02Ir
≤ ±1% setting or +40ms, at
Time delay 0.00 to 60.00s, step 0.01s
200% operating setting
Reset time approx. 40ms
Reset ratio Approx. 0.95 at I/In ≥ 0.5
Inverse time characteristics
IEC standard Normal inverse; ≤ ±5% setting + 40ms, at 2
Very inverse; <I/ISETTING < 20, in accordance
Extremely inverse; with IEC60255-151
Long inverse
ANSI Inverse; ≤ ±5% setting + 40ms, at 2
Short inverse; <I/ISETTING < 20, in
Long inverse; accordance with ANSI/IEEE
C37.112,
Moderately inverse;
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
Definite inverse
user-defined characteristic T= ≤ ±5% setting + 40ms, at 2
<I/ISETTING < 20, in accordance
with IEC60255-151
Time factor of inverse time, A 0.005 to 200.0s, step 0.001s
Delay of inverse time, B 0.000 to 60.00s, step 0.01s
Index of inverse time, P 0.005 to 10.00, step 0.005
set time Multiplier for step n: 0.05 to 999.0, step 0.01
k
Minimum operating time 20ms
Maximum operating time 100s

Reset mode instantaneous
Reset time approx. 40ms,
25

Directional element
Operating area range 170° ≤ ±3°, at phase to phase
Characteristic angle 0° to 90°, step 1° voltage >1V
Table 14 Inrush restraint function
Item Range or value Tolerance

Upper function limit
Max current for inrush 0.25 Ir to 20.00 Ir ≤±3% setting value or ±0.02Ir
restraint
Ratio of 2nd harmonic current
to fundamental component 0.10 to 0.45, step 0.01
current
Cross-block (IL1, IL2, IL3)
0.00s to 60.00 s, step 0.01s ≤ ±1% setting or +40ms
(settable time)
26
Chapter 4 Earth fault protection
About this chapter

signals, parameter, IED report and technical data used for earth
fault protection.
27
1 Earth fault protection
1.1 Introduction
The earth fault protection can be used to clear phase to earth faults as system
back-up protection. The earth fault protection is can also be applied for
coordination based on both magnitude of earth fault current and the direction
of power flow to the fault location.
The protection provides the following features:
 11 kinds of the IEC and ANSI inverse time characteristic curves as well
as optional user defined characteristic
 Zero sequence directional element
 Negative sequence directional element can be applied as a supplement

to zero sequence directional element. It can be enabled/disabled by
setting
 Each stage can be set individually as directional/non-directional

or reverse toward system for all stages
 Settable directional element characteristic angle to satisfy the different

 Each stage can be set individually for inrush restraint
 VT secondary circuit supervision for directional protection function. Once

VT failure happens, the directional stage can be set to be blocked or to
be non-directional
 Zero-sequence current is calculated using summation of 3 phase

currents or measured from 4th phase CT (selectable)
28
 Zero-sequence voltage calculated by summation of 3 phase voltage or

measured from earth phase VT selectable
The IED is designed with three earth fault protection stages of which two
stages operate as definite earth fault stages and the other one operates with
inverse time-current characteristic. All stages can operate in conjunction with
the integrated inrush restraint and directional functions. This protection
function can operate based on the zero-sequence current which is calculated
by summation of three phase currents or measured from earth phase CT
Furthermore, the stages are independent from each other and can be
combined as desired. They can be enabled or disabled by dedicated binary
setting.
Individual pickup value for each definite stage can be defined in setting value.
By applying the settings, the measured zero sequence current is compared
separately with the setting value for each stage. If zero-sequence current
exceed the associated pickup value, after expiry of the time delay, the trip
command is issued.
following equation:
K_EF
Equation 2
Where:
A_EF: Time factor for inverse time stage
B_EF: Delay time for inverse time stage
P_EF: index for inverse time stage
29
K_EF: Time multiplier
The time is set to count up for a user-defined time delay. The time delay can
be set for each definite stage individually through corresponding settings.
After the user-defined time delays elapsed, a trip command is issued.
The IED may detect large magnetizing inrush currents during transformer
energizing. Inrush current comprises large second harmonic current which
does not appear in short circuit current. Therefore, inrush current may affect
the protection functions which will operate based on the fundamental
component of the measured current. Accordingly, inrush restraint logic is
provided to prevent earth fault protection from maloperation.
recognized when the ratio of second harmonic current to fundamental
component exceeds the corresponding setting value for each phase. The
condition for phase current inrush or zero sequence current inrush can be
selected by binary setting. The setting value is applicable for both definite
time stage and inverse time stage. The inrush restraint feature will be
performed as soon as the ratio exceeds the set threshold.
measuring current exceeds the setting, the earth fault protection will not be
blocked any longer.
1.2.3 Direction determination feature
The integrated directional function can be applied to each stage of earth fault
element via binary setting. There are two direction elements for direction
determination of earth faults. The first is based on zero sequence
components and the second is based on negative sequence components.
During direction determination by directional function (using zero or negative

sequence components), a VT fail condition may result in false or undesired
tripping by directional earth fault element. Therefore, under the VT failure
situation, it can be set to block directional earth fault protection or to apply
non-directional earth fault protection.
The following subsections go on to demonstrate basic principle of these two

direction element.
30
1.2.3.1 Zero sequence directional element
In this method, the direction determination is performed by comparing the

zero sequence quantities. In current path, the zero sequence current is
calculated from the sum of the three phase currents or measured from earth
CT. In the voltage path, the zero sequence voltage (3U0) is used as reference
voltage if it is connected. Otherwise, the zero sequence voltage, is calculated
from the sum of the three phase voltages.
In order to satisfy different network conditions and applications, the reference

voltage can be rotated by adjustable angle between 0° and 90° in clockwise
direction (negative sign). It should be noted that the settings affect all the
directional stages of earth fault element. In this way, the vector of rotated
reference voltage can be closely adjusted to the vector of fault current -3I0
which lags the fault voltage 3V0 by the fault angle Φ0_Char. This would
provide the best possible result for the direction determination. The rotated
reference voltage defines the forward and reverse area.
Figure 3 shows an example of direction determination.
Figure 3 Direction detection characteristic of earth fault protection directional element
1.2.3.2 Negative sequence directional element
This method is particularly suitable in case of too low zero sequence voltage
due to some fault condition e.g. when a considerable zero sequence mutual
coupling exists between parallel lines or there is an unfavorable zero
sequence impedance. In such cases it may be desirable to determine
direction of fault current by using negative sequence components. To do so, it
is required to enable the negative sequence directional element in setting
31
value. By applying this setting, the default direction determination of earth

fault current is performed by the zero sequence element. However, when the
magnitude of zero sequence voltage falls below permissible threshold of 1V
and negative sequence voltage is larger than 2V, the negative sequence
element is in service for direction determination. On the contrary, if the
negative sequence directional element is disabled, the direction of earth fault
current is only determined by using the zero sequence element. In this regard,
if the zero sequence voltage has a magnitude larger than 1V, proper
determination of fault direction is performed. However, for the condition that
zero sequence voltages below 1V, no direction determination would be
possible. Thus, the fault is assumed to be in reverse direction. Accordingly, for
the negative sequence element, the direction determination is performed by
comparing the negative sequence system quantities. To do so, three times of
the calculated negative sequence current 3I2 (3I2=IA+a2IB+aIC) is compared
with three times of the calculated negative sequence voltage 3V2
(3V2=VA+a2VB+aVC) as reference voltage, where a is equal to.
The fault current -3I2 is opposite to the fault current 3I2 and lags from the
voltage 3V2 by the fault angle, which is a setting value defined in setting value.
In order to satisfy different applications, the reference voltage can be rotated
by adjustable angle between 0° and 90° in clockwise direction (negative sign)
to be closely adjusted to the vector of fault current -3I2. This would provide the
best possible result for the direction determination. The rotated reference
voltage defines the forward and reverse area. Figure 4 shows an example of
direction determination.
Figure 4 Direction detection characteristic of negative sequence directional element
32
1.2.4 Logic diagram
Three stage tripping logics of earth fault protection are shown as following
figures. As shown, earth fault protection tripping will be affected individually by
inrush and direction criteria for each stage. Whenever the zero sequence
current exceeds the related setting value and other mentioned criteria is
satisfied, corresponding timer will be started and tripping command will be
generated by expiring the setting time.
Figure 5 Logic diagram for inrush restraint
33
Figure 6 Logic diagram for direction determination
34
Figure 7 Tripping logic diagram for earth fault protection
Signal Description
35
Signal Description
Signal Description
EF1 Trip Earth fault protection stage 1 trip
EF2 Trip Earth fault protection stage 2 trip
EF Inv Trip Earth fault protection inverse time stage trip
Relay Startup Relay Startup
Table 17 EF protection function setting list
Parameter Explanation Default Unit Min. Max.

Zero sequence current
3I0_EF1 0.5In A 0.05 100
setting for stage 1
T_EF1 Time setting for stage 1 0.1 s 0.00 60.00
3I0_EF2 0.2In A 0.05 100
setting for stage 2
T_EF2 Time setting for stage 2 0.3 s 0.00 60.00
Inverse time curve of
Curve_EF Inv 1 1 12
zero-sequence current
3I0_EF Inv setting for inverse time 0.2In A 0.05 100
stage
Time Multiplier setting for
K_EF Inv zero-sequence inverse 1 0.05 999.0
time stage
Coefficient setting for
A_EF Inv zero-sequence inverse 0.14 s 0.005 200.0
time stage
Time delay setting for
B_EF Inv zero-sequence inverse 0 s 0.00 60.00
time stage
P_EF Inv Index for zero-sequence 0.02 0.005 10.00
36
Parameter Explanation Default Unit Min. Max.

inverse time current
Direction characteristic
Angle_EF angle for zero-sequence 70 Degree 0.00 90.00
direction
Direction characteristic
angle for
Angle_Neg 70 Degree 0.00 90.00
negative-sequence
direction
component
Maximum inrush current
Imax_2H_UnBlk 5In A 0.10 100.0
setting
Ratio for zero sequence
second harmonic current
Ratio_I02/I01 0.2 0.07 0.50
to zero sequence
fundamental component
Maximum zero sequence
3I0max_2H_UnBlk 5In A 0.10 100.0
inrush current setting
Table 18 EF protection binary setting list

Earth fault stage 1 enabled or
Func_EF1 1 0 1
disabled
Direction of earth fault stage 1
EF1 Direction 1 0 1
enabled or disabled
Point to system or point to equipment
EF1 Dir To Sys is defined as forward direction for 0 0 1
stage 1
Inrush restraint for earth fault stage 1
EF1 Inrush Block 1 0 1
enabled or disabled
Earth fault stage 2 enabled or
Func_EF2 1 0 1
disabled
Direction of earth fault stage 2
EF2 Direction 1 0 1
enabled or disabled
EF2 Dir To Sys is defined as forward direction for 0 0 1
stage 2
Inrush restraint for earth fault
EF2 Inrush Block protection stage 2 enabled or 1 0 1
disabled
37

Inverse time stage for earth fault
Func_EF Inv 1 0 1
protection enabled or disabled
Direction of inverse time stage
EF Inv Direction 0 0 1
enabled or disabled
EF Inv Dir To Sys is defined as forward direction for 0
inverse time stage
Inrush restraint for inverse time stage
EF Inv Inrush Block 0 0 1
enabled or disabled
Inrush checking of zero sequence
Inrush Chk I02/I01 0 0 1
current enabled or disabled
Negative sequence directional
EF U2/I2 Dir element for EF protection enabled or 0 0 1
disabled
Block or unblock EF protection when
Blk EF at VT Fail 0 0 1
VT fail happens
Block or unblock EF protection when
Blk EF at CT Fail 0 0 1
CT fail happens
3I0 is calculated or measured from
3I0 Calculated 0 0 1
earth fault CT
3U0 is calculated or measured from
3U0 Calculated 1 0 1
earth fault VT
EF protection initiate CBF protection
EF Init CBF 1 0 1
or not
1.5 Reports
EF1 Trip Earth fault stage 1 trip
EF2 Trip Earth fault stage 2 trip
EF Inv Trip Inverse time stage of earth fault protection trip
38
1.6 Technical data
NOTE:
Table 20 Technical data for earth fault protection
Item Rang or value Tolerance

Definite time characteristic
≤ ±1% setting or +40ms, at
Time delay 0.00 to 60.00s, step 0.01s
Reset ratio Approx. 0.95 at I/Ir ≥ 0.5
IEC standard Normal inverse; IEC60255-151
Very inverse; ≤ ±5% setting + 40ms, at 2
Extremely inverse; <I/ISETTING < 20
Long inverse
ANSI Inverse; ANSI/IEEE C37.112,
Short inverse; ≤ ±5% setting + 40ms, at 2
Long inverse; <I/ISETTING < 20
Moderately inverse;
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
Definite inverse
user-defined characteristic T= IEC60255-151
≤ ±5% setting + 40ms, at 2
<I/ISETTING < 20
Time factor of inverse time, A 0.005 to 200.0s, step
0.001s
Delay of inverse time, B 0.000 to 60.00s, step
0.01s
set time Multiplier for step n: k 0.05 to 999.0, step 0.01
39

Directional element
Operating area range of zero ≤ ±3°, at 3U0≥1V
160°
sequence directional element
Characteristic angle 0° to 90°, step 1°
Operating area range of ≤ ±3°, at 3U2≥2V
negative sequence directional 160°
element
40
Chapter 5 Neutral earth fault protection
Chapter 5 Neutral earth fault

protection
About this chapter

signals, parameter, IED report and technical data included in
neutral earth fault protection.
41
1 Neutral earth fault protection
1.1 Introduction
The neutral earth fault protection focus on phase to earth faults. The
measuring current is the one from dedicated neutral CT.
The following features are provided:
 11 kinds of the IEC and ANSI inverse time characteristic curves as well
as optional user defined characteristic
 Each stage can be set to be directional/non-directional independently
 Zero sequence directional element is applied.

or reverse toward system for all stage

 Inrush restraint function can be set for each stage separately
 VT secondary circuit supervision for directional protection function
 Neutral current is measured from dedicated neutral CT
The neutral earth fault protection is provided with three stages from which two
stages operate as definite neutral earth fault stages and the other one
operates with inverse time-current characteristic. 11 kinds of inverse time
characteristics are available. It is also possible to create a user defined time
characteristic. Each stage can operate in conjunction with the integrated
inrush restraint and operate based on measured phase current.

combined as desired. They can be enabled or disabled by dedicated binary
setting.
42
Pickup value for the definite stage can be set in setting value. The neutral
current measured from the neutral CT is compared with the corresponding
setting value with delay time. If the neutral current exceeds the associated
pickup value, after expiry of the time delay, the trip command or alarm signal
is issued.
The pickup value for inverse time stage can be set in setting value. The
measured neutral current compare with corresponding setting value and if
any phase exceeds that, the protection will issue a trip command with delay
time.
following equation:
K_NOC
Equation 3
Where:
A_NOC: Time factor for inverse time stage
B_NOC: Delay time for inverse time stage
P_NOC: index for inverse time stage

K_NOC: Time multiplier
By applying proper setting of the aforementioned parameters, the IED

calculates the tripping or alarming time from the measured current in each
phase separately. Once the calculated time has been elapsed, the trip signal
or alarm signal is issued.
The protection IED may detect large magnetizing inrush currents during
transformer energizing. In addition to considerable unbalance fundamental
current, inrush current comprises large second harmonic current which does
not appear in short circuit current. Therefore, the inrush current may affect the
protection functions which operate based on the fundamental component of
the measured current. Accordingly, inrush restraint logic is provided to
43
prevent neutral earth fault protection from maloperation.
recognized when the ratio of the second harmonic current to the fundamental
component exceeds the corresponding setting value for one phase. The
setting value is applicable for both definite time stage and inverse time stage.
The inrush restraint feature will be performed as soon as the ratio exceeds
the set threshold.
measuring current exceeds the setting, the protection will not be blocked any
longer.
1.2.3 Direction determination
The direction determination is performed by comparing the zero sequence

quantities. In current path, the neutral current is measured from the dedicated
neutral CT. In the voltage path, the calculated or measured zero sequence
voltage (3V0) can be used as reference voltage.

voltage can be rotated by adjustable angle between 0° and 90° in clockwise
direction (negative sign). It should be noted that the settings affect all the
directional stages of earth fault element. In this way, the vector of rotated
reference voltage can be closely adjusted to the vector of fault current -3I0
which lags the fault voltage 3V0 by the fault angle Φ0_Char. This would
reference voltage defines the forward and reverse area.
Figure 8 shows an example of direction determination.
44
Figure 8 Direction detection characteristic of earth fault protection directional element
1.2.4 Logic diagram
Figure 9 Logic diagram for stage 1 of neutral earth fault protect ion
45
Signal Description
I5 Signal for neutral current input
Signal Description
NOC1 Trip Neutral earth fault protection stage 1 trip
NOC Inv Trip Neutral earth fault protection inverse time stage trip
Table 23 Neutral earth fault protection function setting list

3I0_NOC1 Neutral current setting for stage 1 0.5In A 0.05 100.0
T_NOC1 Time setting for stage 1 0.1 s 0.00 60.00
3I0_NOC2 Neutral current setting for stage 2 0.2In A 0.05 100.0
Curve_NOC Inv Inverse time curve 1 1 12
3I0_NOC Inv 0.2In A 0.05 100.0
stage
K_NOC Inv 1 0.05 999.0
stage
A_NOC Inv Time factor for inverse time stage 0.14 s 0.005 200.0
B_NOC Inv Delay time for inverse time stage 0 s 0.00 60.00
P_NOC Inv Index for inverse time stage 0.02 0.005 10.00
Angle_NOC Direction characteristic angle 70 Degree 0.00 90.00
3I0max_2H_UnBlk Maximum inrush current setting 2In A 0.10 100.0
component
46
Table 24 Neutral earth fault protection binary setting list

Neutral earth fault stage 1 enabled or
Func_NOC1 1 0 1
disabled
Direction of neutral earth fault stage 1
NOC1 Direction 1 0 1
enabled or disabled
NOC1 Dir To Direction toward the system (0) or
0 0 1
Sys toward the object (1) for stage 1
NOC1 Inrush Inrush restraint for neutral earth fault
1 0 1
Block stage 1 enabled or disabled
Neutral earth fault stage 2 enabled or
Func_NOC2 1 0 1
disabled
Direction of neutral earth fault stage 2
NOC2 Direction 1 0 1
enabled or disabled
NOC2 Dir To Direction toward the system (0) or
0 0 1
Sys toward the object (1) for stage 2
NOC2 Inrush Inrush restraint for neutral earth fault
1 0 1
Block stage 2 enabled or disabled
Inverse time stage for neutral earth
Func_NOC Inv 1 0 1
fault enabled or disabled
NOC Inv Direction of inverse time stage enabled
0 0 1
Direction or disabled
Direction toward the system (0) or
NOC Inv Dir To
toward the object (1) for inverse time 0 0 1
Sys
stage
NOC Inv Inrush Inrush restraint for inverse time stage
0 0 1
Blk NOC at VT VT failure block neutral earth fault
1 0 1
Fail protection enabled or disabled
3U0 Calculated 3U0 calculated or measured from VT 1
Neutral earth fault protection initiate
NOC Init CBF 1 0 1
CBF protection enabled or disabled
1.5 Reports
NOC Inv Trip Neutral earth fault protection inverse time stage trip
47
1.6 Technical data
NOTE:
Table 26 T Technical data for neutral earth fault protection

0.00 to 60.00s, step ≤ ±1% setting or +40ms, at 200%
Time delay
0.01s operating setting
Reset ratio Approx. 0.95 at I/Ir ≥ 0.5
Long inverse
C37.112
Moderately inverse;
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
Definite inverse
with IEC60255-151
Time factor of inverse time, A 0.005 to 200.0s, step
0.001s
Delay of inverse time, B 0.000 to 60.00s, step
0.01s
Index of inverse time, P 0.005 to 10.00, step
0.005
48

Directional element
Operating area range 160° ≤ ±3°, at 3U0≥1V
Operating area range 160° ≤ ±3°, at 3U2≥2V
49
Chapter 6 Sensitive earth fault protection
Chapter 6 Sensitive earth fault

protection
About this chapter

sensitive earth fault protection.
51
1 Sensitive earth fault protection
1.1 Introduction
In power networks with high impedance earthing, the phase to earth fault
current is significantly smaller than the short circuit currents. Another difficulty
for earth fault protection is that the magnitude of the phase to earth fault
current is almost independent of the fault location in the network.
Sensitive earth fault protection can be used to detect and give selective trip of
phase to earth faults in isolated or compensated networks. The protection
function also can be applied to detect high impedance earth faults in solidly or
low-resistance earthed networks.
Sensitive earth fault protection integrated in the IED provides following

features:

 Sensitive earth fault directional element with U0/I0-Φ principle
 Sensitive earth fault directional element with Cos Φ principle

 Each stage can be set to be directional, or non-directional independently
 Each stage can be set individually to alarm or trip
 Displacement voltage can be checked to increase function reliability
 Dedicated sensitive CT
 VT secondary circuit supervision for directional protection function
The IED is provided with three sensitive earth fault protection stages of which
52
two stages operate as definite sensitive earth fault stages and the other one
operates with inverse time-current characteristic. 11 kinds of inverse time
characteristics are available. It is also possible to create a user defined time
characteristic. Each stage can operate in conjunction with the integrated
directional functions and operate based on measured phase current which is
input from the dedicated sensitive current transformer.

Pickup value for the definite stage can be set in setting value. The measured
current from sensitive CT input is compared with the corresponding setting
value with delay time. If the measured current exceeds the associated pickup
value, after expiry of the time delay, the trip command or alarm signal is
issued.
following equation:
K_SEF
Equation 4
Where:
A_SEF: Time factor for inverse time stage
B_SEF: Delay time for inverse time stage
P_SEF: index for inverse time stage

K_SEF: Time multiplier

53
1.2.2 Direction determination feature
The integrated directional function can be applied to each stage of sensitive

earth fault element via specified binary setting. In order to discriminate
forward or reverse short circuits, the IED provides two methods for sensitive
earth fault direction detection which should be utilized to cover all network
configurations according to the type of grounding. Based on U0/I0-Φ
measurement and based on Cos Φ measurement respectively.
In directional sensitive earth fault protection (using U0/I0-Φ or Cos Φ

elements), the VT failure condition may result in false or undesired tripping or
alarming. In such situation, it is possible to set operation state for each stage
of sensitive earth fault protection which operates in conjunction with direction
feature by binary setting to block the function or operate without direction
detection. When binary setting “Blk SEF at VT Fail” is disabled, corresponding
sensitive earth fault stages would not consider direction in case of VT failure.
On the contrary, if the binary setting “Blk SEF at VT Fail” is enabled, the
function will be blocked when VT failure happens. It is noted that the binary
setting affects all the stages of sensitive earth fault element.
Pay attention to that direction determination based on measured

displacement voltage will not be blocked in case of failure detection in the
three-phase connected to voltage transformer. Similarly, if the direction
determination is based on the calculated displacement voltage, the protection
function will not be blocked as a result of failure detection in U4 voltage
transformer. However, in case of a failure in U4 voltage transformer, the
direction determination based on measured value of displacement voltage will
be blocked depend on the binary setting.
1.2.2.1 U0/I0-Φ measurement
In this method, the direction determination is performed by comparing the

displacement angle between zero sequence system quantities. In current
path, the measured current Is from the sensitive input is applied. In the
voltage path, the displacement voltage VN is used as reference voltage, if it is
connected. Otherwise the IED calculates the zero sequence voltage 3V0 from
the summation of the three phase voltages. The condition for direction
determination with 3V0 quantity is that the magnitude of 3V0 is larger than the
setting value.
Contrary to the directional phase elements, which work with the un-faulted
voltage as reference voltage, for the sensitive earth fault protection, the zero
sequence voltage is used as the reference voltage for direction determination.
54
Depending on the connection of voltage transformer, the corresponding

reference voltage is VN or 3V0 (3V0=VA+VB+VC).
Figure 10 Direction detection characteristic of the sensitive earth fault

directional element by U0/I0-Φ
Where:
ФNS_Char: The settable characteristic angle

voltage can be rotated by adjustable angle between 0° and 90° in
anticlockwise direction (positive sign). It should be noted that the settings
affect all the directional stages of sensitive earth fault element. In this way, the
vector of rotated reference voltage can be closely adjusted to the vector of
fault current -Is which leads the fault voltage 3V0 by the fault angle. This would
reference voltage defines the forward area.
1.2.2.2 Cos Φ measurement
Similar to U0/I0-Φ method, the direction determination is performed in cos Φ

method by using the measured current Is from sensitive current input together
with the measured or calculated displacement voltage. In this context, the
measured displacement voltage is used if it is connected. Otherwise the IED
calculates the zero sequence voltage 3V0 from the summation of the three
phase voltages. The condition for direction determination with 3V0 quantity is
that the magnitude of 3V0 is larger than the setting value.
Unlike to U0/I0-Φ method, direction determination is performed in Cos Φ

method by using those component of the residual current which is
55
perpendicular to the directional characteristic (axis of symmetry). Figure 11

shows how the IED adopts complex vector diagram for direction
determination. As can be seen, displacement voltage 3V0 is the reference
magnitude quantity. The axis of symmetry is defined as a line perpendicular to
this quantity. The sensitive earth fault protection would issue a trip command
or an alarm signal if the active component of Is is in the opposite direction of
the reference voltage and has a magnitude exceeds corresponding setting.
Figure 11 Direction detection characteristic of the sensitive earth fault directional element by
Cos Φ
1.2.3 Logic diagram
Figure 12 Logic diagram for direction determination based on U0/I0-Φ measurement
Figure 13 Logic diagram for direction determination based on Cos Φ measurement
56
Figure 14 Influence of VT failure on direction determination of sensitive earth fault protection
Figure 15 Logic diagram for the first definite stage of sensitive earth fault protection
Figure 16 Logic diagram for the inverse time stage of sensitive earth fault protection
57
Signal Description
Is Signal for sensitive current input
Signal Description
SEF1 Trip Sensitive earth fault protection stage 1 trip
SEF1 Alarm Sensitive earth fault protection stage 1 alarm
Sensitive earth fault protection inverse time
SEF Inv Trip
stage trip
Sensitive earth fault protection inverse time
SEF Inv Alarm
stage alarm
58
Table 29 Sensitive earth fault protection function setting list

Sensitive current setting for
I_SEF1 0.2 A 0.005 1.00
stage 1
T_SEF1 Time setting for stage 1 0.1 s 0.00 60.00
Sensitive current setting for
I_SEF2 0.1 A 0.005 1.00
stage 2
T_SEF2 Time setting for stage 2 0.5 s 0.00 60.00
Curve_SEF Inv Inverse time curve 1 1 12
I_SEF Inv 0.5 A 0.00 1.00
stage
K_SEF Inv 1 0.05 999.0
stage
A_SEF Inv 0.14 s 0.005 200.0
stage
Delay time for inverse time
B_SEF Inv 0 s 0.00 60.00
stage
P_SEF Inv Index for inverse time stage 0.02 0.005 10.00
Angle_SEF Direction characteristic angle 70 0.00 90.00
Cos Φ measurement for
IsCOS_SEF 0.2 A 0.005 1.00
direction determination
U_SEF Voltage setting for SEF 5 V 2.00 100.0
Table 30 Sensitive earth fault protection binary setting list

Sensitive earth fault stage 1 enabled or
Func_SEF1 1 0 1
disabled
Sensitive earth fault stage 1 trip or
SEF1 Trip 1
alarm
Direction of sensitive earth fault stage 1
SEF1 Direction 1 0 1
enabled or disabled
Sensitive earth fault stage 2 enabled or
Func_SEF2 1 0 1
disabled
Sensitive earth fault stage 2 trip or
SEF2 Trip 1
alarm
SEF2 Direction Direction of sensitive earth fault stage 2 1 0 1
59

enabled or disabled
Sensitive earth fault inverse time stage
Func_SEF Inv 1 0 1
enabled or disabled
Sensitive earth fault inverse time stage
SEF Inv Trip 1
trip or alarm
SEF Inv Direction of sensitive earth fault inverse
0 0 1
Direction time stage enabled or disabled
U0/I0 measurement or Cos Φ
SEF Chk U0/I0 measurement for direction 1 0 1
determination
Blk SEF at VT VT failure block sensitive earth fault
1 0 1
Fail protection enabled or disabled
3U0 Calculated 3U0 calculated or measured from VT 1 0 1
Sensitive earth fault protection initiate
SEF Init CBF 1 0 1
CBF protection enabled or disabled
1.5 IED report
SEF Inv Trip Sensitive earth fault protection inverse time stage 2 trip
Table 32 Alarm report list
SEF Inv Alarm Sensitive earth fault protection inverse time stage alarm
1.6 Technical data
NOTE:
60
Table 33 Technical data for sensitive earth fault protection

Current from sensitive CT 0.005 to 1.000 A , step 0.001 A ≤ ±3 % setting value or 1
input mA
Current from neutral CT input 0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir ≤ ±3 % setting value or 0.02
Ir
Time delay 0.00 to 60.00, step 0.01 s ≤ ±1.5 % setting value or
+40 ms, at 200% operating
setting
Reset ratio Approx. 0.95 when I/In ≥ 0.5
Reset time Approx. 40 ms
Current from sensitive input 0.005 to 1.000 A , step 0.001 A ≤ ±3 % setting value or 1
mA
Current from normal input 0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir ≤ ±3 % setting value or 0.02
Ir
Very inverse; <I/ISETTING < 20, in
Extremely inverse; accordance with
IEC60255-151
Long inverse
C37.112,
Moderately inverse;
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
Definite inverse
user-defined characteristic ≤ ±5% setting + 40ms, at 2
<I/ISETTING < 20, in
T=
accordance with
IEC60255-151
Time factor of inverse time, A 0.005 to 200.0s, step 0.001s
61

Directional element for sensitive earth-fault protection
principles I cos Φ
Φ (V0 / I0)”
Direction measurement IE and VE measured
or 3V0 calculated
3U0 Minimum voltage 2.00 to 100.00 V, step 0.01 V ≤ ±3 % setting for measured
threshold voltage;
≤ ±5 % setting for
calculated voltage
Characteristic angle 0.0° to 90.0°, step 1° ≤ ±3°
Φ_SEFChar
Operating area range 160° ≤ ±3°
62
Chapter 7 Negative sequence overcurrent protection
Chapter 7 Negative sequence

overcurrent protection
About this chapter

negative sequence overcurrent protection.
63
1 Negative sequence overcurrent protection
1.1 Introduction
Negative-sequence overcurrent protection detects unbalanced loads on the

system. It is especially useful to monitor the unbalanced load of motors. This
is due to the fact that unbalanced loads result in counter-rotating fields in
three-phase induction motors, which cause overheating in rotor end zones. In
addition, the protection function may be used to detect interruptions, short
circuits and polarity problems with current transformers. Furthermore, it is
suitable for detecting single-phase and two-phase faults with fault currents
lower than load currents.
The protection provide following features:

 The first definite stage and inverse stage can be set individually as alarm
or trip stage
1.2.1 Protection function description
The IED provides three negative-sequence overcurrent protection stages

from which two stages operate as definite time stages and the other one
operates with inverse time-current characteristic. The negative-sequence
overcurrent protection operates based on negative sequence current
calculated from three phase currents, as the following formula shown:
Equation 5

64
Individual pickup value for each definite stage can be set in setting value. The
calculated negative sequence current from Equation 5 is compared
separately with the corresponding setting value with delay time. If the
calculated negative-sequence current exceeds the associated pickup value,
after expiry of the time delay, the trip command or alarm signal is issued.
following equation:
K_NSOC
Equation 6
where:
A_NSOC: Time factor for inverse time stage
B_NSOC: Delay time for inverse time stage
P_NSOC: index for inverse time stage

K_NSOC: Time multiplier

65
1.2.2 Logic diagram
Figure 17 Logic diagram for negative sequence overcurrent protection
Signal Description
Signal Description
66
Signal Description
NSOC1 Trip Negative sequence overcurrent protection stage 1 trip
NSOC1 Alarm Negative sequence overcurrent protection stage 1 alarm
NSOC Inv Trip Negative sequence overcurrent protection inverse time stage trip
NSOC Inv Alarm Negative sequence overcurrent protection inverse time stage alarm
Table 36 Negative sequence overcurrent protection function setting list

Negative sequence current
3I2_NSOC1 0.5In A 0.05 100.0
setting for stage 1
T_NSOC1 Time setting for stage 1 0.1 s 0.00 60.00
Negative sequence setting for
3I2_NSOC2 0.2In A 0.05 100.0
stage 2
T_NSOC2 Time setting for stage 2 0.3 s 0.00 60.00
Curve_NOC Inv Inverse time curve 1 1 12
3I2_NSOC Inv 0.2In A 0.05 100.0
stage
K_NSOC Inv 1 0.05 999.0
stage
A_NSOC Inv 0.14 s 0.005 200.0
stage
Delay time for inverse time
B_NSOC Inv 0 s 0.00 60.00
stage
P_NSOC Inv Index for inverse time stage 0.02 0.005 10.00
Table 37 Negative sequence overcurrent protection binary setting list

Negative sequence overcurrent
Func_NSOC1 1 0 1
protection stage 1 enabled or disabled
Negative sequence overcurrent stage 1
NSOC1 Trip 0 0 1
trip or alarm
Func_NSOC2 1 0 1
protection stage 2 enabled or disabled
Inverse time stage of negative
Func_NSOC Inv sequence overcurrent protection 0 0 1
enabled or disabled
67

Inverse time stage negative sequence
NSOC Inv Trip 0 0 1
overcurrent trip or alarm
NSOC Init CBF 0 0 1
protection initiate CBF protection
1.5 Reports
NSOC Inv Trip Negative sequence overcurrent protection inverse time stage trip
NSOC1 Alarm Negative sequence overcurrent protection stage 1 alarm
NSOC Inv Alarm Negative sequence overcurrent protection Inverse time stage alarm
1.6 Technical data
NOTE:
Table 40 T Technical data for negative sequence overcurrent protection

Current 0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir ≤ ±3% setting value or ±0.02Ir
Time delay 0.00 to 60.00, step 0.01 s ≤ ±1% setting or +40ms, at
Reset time ≤ 40 ms
Reset ratio Approx. 0.95 for I2 /Ir > 0.5
68

Long inverse
C37.112
Moderately inverse;
Very inverse;
Extremely inverse;
Definite inverse
with IEC60255-151
Time factor of inverse time, 0.005 to 200.0s, step 0.001s
A
set time Multiplier for step 0.05 to 999.0, step 0.01
n: k
69
Chapter 8 Thermal overload protection
Chapter 8 Thermal overload

protection
About this chapter

thermal overload protection.
71
1 Thermal overload protection
1.1 Introduction
The thermal overload protection represents an essential requirement to

prevent protected equipment from thermal damaging due to overloads.
Thermal damage mostly affects the insulating material surrounding the phase
current conductors in transformers, cables or any other power equipment. As
a matter of fact, the insulation material ages too rapidly if the equipment
temperature exceeds the design limit value. Thus, a special protection is
needed to prevent over-temperature condition for the protected object. Since
severity of over-temperature condition is directly proportional to current
squared, the thermal protection operates based on the square of measured
current flowing through the protected object. Furthermore, because the
cumulative nature of over-temperature condition, it is necessary to integrate
previous thermal history of equipment in the protection. This is achieved in
the IED by providing a comprehensive thermal replica of the protected object.
In this regard the IED provides an overload protection with memory capability
by taking into account both the previous history of an overload and the heat
loss to the environment.
1.2 Function principle
Function description
The thermal overload protection in the IED is provided with one trip stage as
well as one alarm stage. It is possible to set the alarm stage at a certain
percentage of the setting value applied at the trip stage. The protection
function operates based on an approximate replica of the protected object in
the event of temperature rise caused by overload. The thermal replica is
implemented based on thermal models (Cold or Hot Curve) of IEC60255-8
standard. The temperature rise is calculated separately for each phase in a
thermal replica from the square of the respective phase current. The
maximum calculated temperature rise of the three phases is decisive for
evaluation of the thresholds.
The IED calculates the temperature rise of the protected equipment in each
phase, based on following differential equation:
Equation 7
72
Where:
: is thermal time constant of heating for the protected object, in seconds. It is

usually determined by manufacturer of the protected object. This parameter
can be set in setting value.
I: is the measured fundamental current flowing through each phase of the

protected object.
: is the maximum permissible continuous thermal overload current. It is

usually specified by manufacturer of the protected object. This parameter can
be set in setting value.
: is temperature rise of the protected object in per unit of the final temperature
rise at maximum allowed phase current.
According to Equation 7, the tripping time for thermal overload protection is

calculated by the following equation based on Hot Curve in IEC60255-8
standard:
Equation 8
Where:
IP: is steady state current previous to the overload.
The IED is capable to calculate tripping time of thermal overload protection

not only based on the Hot Curve, but also based on Cold Curve as defined in
IEC60255-8 standard and equation as following:
Equation 9
From the Equation 8 and Equation 9 can be seen, the cold curve provides no
memory regarding to previous thermal condition of the protected object,
whereas, by using the hot curve, the protection function is able to represent a
memorized thermal profile of the protected object. It is possible to set which
curve should be considered for thermal overload protection by binary setting
“Hot Curve/Cold Curve”. If “Hot Curve” is enabled, tripping time of thermal
overload protection would be calculated based on Equation 8. In contrast, if
applying “Cold Curve”, Equation 9 would be used for calculation process. It is
noted that binary setting “Hot Curve/Cold Curve” affects both the alarm and
73
trip stages.
Signal Description
Signal Description
Thermal OL Trip Thermal overload protection trip
Thermal OL Alarm Thermal overload protection alarm
Table 43 Thermal overload protection function setting list

Thermal overload current setting
I_Thermal OL Trip 1.1In A 0.10 25.00
for tripping
Thermal overload current setting
I_Thermal OL Alarm 1.1In A 0.10 25.00
for alarming
Time constant for thermal
T_Const Thermal 60 s 1.00 9999
overload protection
T_Const Cool Down Time constant for cool down 60 s 1.00 9999
Table 44 Thermal overload protection binary setting list
74

Thermal overload protection
Func_Thermal OL 1 0 1
enabled or disabled
Cold Curve Cold Curve or Hot Curve 0 0 1
Thermal overload protection
Thermal OL Init CBF 1 0 1
initiate CBF protection
1.5 Reports
Thermal OL Trip Thermal overload protection trip
Thermal OL Alarm Thermal overload protection alarm
1.6 Technical data
NOTE:
Ir: CT rated secondary current, 1A or 5A.
Table 47 Technical data for thermal overload protection

Thermal heating time
1 to 9999 s
constant
Thermal cooling time
1 to 9999 s
constant
 I eq2  IEC 60255–8,
IEC cold curve t   ln  2 2 
 I eq  I   ≤ ±5% setting or +40ms
 I eq
2
 I P2  IEC 60255–8,
IEC hot curve t   ln 2 2
 I eq  I  ≤ ±5% setting or +40ms
75
Chapter 9 Overload protection
About this chapter

overload protection.
77
1 Overload protection
1.1.1 Function description
The IED supervises load flow in real time. If each phase current is greater
than the dedicated setting for a set delay time, the protection will alarm.
1.1.2 Logic diagram
Figure 18 Logic diagram for overload protection
Signal Description
Signal Description
Overload Alarm Overload function alarm
78
Table 50 Function setting list for overload protection

I_OL Alarm Current setting for overload protection 2In A 0.05 100.0
T_OL Alarm Time setting for overload protection 60 s 0.00 6000
Table 51 Binary setting list for overload protection

Func_OL Overload function enabled or disabled 1 0 1
1.4 Reports
Table 52 Alarm information list
Overload Alarm Overload protection alarm
79
Chapter 10 Overvoltage protection
About this chapter

overvoltage protection.
81
1 Overvoltage protection
1.1 Introduction
The overvoltage protection detects abnormal network and machine high

voltage conditions. Overvoltage conditions may occur possibly in the power
system during abnormal conditions such as no-load, light load, or open line
end on long line. The protection can be used as open line end detector or as
system voltage supervision normally.
The protection provides following features:
 Each stage can be set to alarm or trip
 Measuring voltage between phase-earth voltage and phase-phase

selectable
 Settable dropout ratio
1.2.1 Phase to phase overvoltage protection
All the three phase voltages are measured continuously, and compared with
the corresponding setting value. If the phase to phase voltage exceeds the
set threshold and after expiry of the time delay, the protection IED will issue
alarm signal or trip command according to the user’s requirement.
There are two stages included in overvoltage protection, each stage can be
set to alarm or trip separately in binary setting, and the time delay for each
stage can be individually set. Thus, the alarming or tripping can be
time-coordinated based on how severe the voltage increase, e.g. in case of
high overvoltage, the trip command will be issued with a short time delay,
whereas for the less severe overvoltage, trip or alarm signal can be issued
with a longer time delay.
82
1.2.2 Phase to earth overvlotage protection
The phase to earth overvoltage protection operates just like the phase to
phase protection except that it detects phase to earth voltages.
1.2.3 Logic diagram
Figure 19 Logic diagram for overvoltage protection
Signal Description
83
Signal Description
OV1 Alarm Overvoltage protection stage 1 alarm
OV2 Alarm Overvoltage protection stage 2 alarm
OV1_Trip Overvoltage protection stage 1 trip
OV2_Trip Overvoltage protection stage 2 trip
Table 55 Function setting list for overvoltage protection

Voltage setting for overvoltage
U_OV1 65 V 40.00 200.0
protection stage 1
Time setting for overvoltage protection
T_OV1 0.3 s 0.00 60.00
stage 1
Voltage setting for overvoltage
U_OV2 63 V 40.00 200.0
protection stage 2
Time setting for overvoltage protection
T_OV2 0.6 s 0.00 60.00
stage 2
Dropout_OV Dropout ratio for overvoltage protection 0.95 0.90 0.99
Table 56 Binary setting list for overvoltage protection

Overvoltage stage 1 enabled or
Func_OV1 1 0 1
disabled
OV1 Trip Overvoltage stage 1 trip or alarm 0 0 1
Overvoltage stage 2 enabled or
Func_OV2 1 0 1
disabled
OV2 Trip Overvoltage stage 2 trip or alarm 0 0 1
Phase to phase voltage or phase
OV Chk PE to earth measured for overvoltage 1 0 1
protection
Overvoltage protection initiate
OV Init CBF 0 0 1
CBF enabled or disabled
84
1.5 Reports
OV1 Trip Overvoltage stage 1 trip
OV2 Trip Overvoltage stage 2 trip
OV1 Alarm Overvoltage stage 1 alarm
OV2 Alarm Overvoltage stage 2 alarm
1.6 Technical data
Table 59 Technical data for overvoltage protection

Voltage connection Phase-to-phase voltages or ≤ ±3 % setting or ±1 V
phase-to-earth voltages
Phase to earth voltage 40 to 100 V, step 1 V ≤ ±3 % setting or ±1 V
Phase to phase voltage 80 to 200 V, step 1 V ≤ ±3 % setting or ±1 V
Reset ratio 0.90 to 0.99, step 0.01 ≤ ±3 % setting
Time delay 0.00 to 60.00 s, step 0.01s ≤ ±1 % setting or +50 ms, at
Reset time <40ms
85
Chapter 11 Udervoltage protection
Chapter 11 Undervoltage protection
About this chapter

undervoltage protection.
87
1 Undervoltage protection
1.1 Introduction
Undervoltage protection has the function to protect electrical equipment

against undervoltage. It can detect voltage collapses on transmission lines,
power transformer and electrical machines and prevents inadmissible
operation condition and a possible stability problem.
The protection provides following features:
 Measuring voltage between phase-earth and phase-phase voltage

selectable
 Current criteria supervision
 Circuit breaker aux. contact supervision
 VT secondary circuit supervision, the undervoltage function will be

blocked when VT failure happens
 Settable dropout ratio
1.2.1 Phase to phase underovltage protection
All the three phase voltages are measured continuously, and compared with
the corresponding setting value. If phase to phase voltage falls below the set
threshold and after expiry of the time delay, the protection IED will issue
alarm signal or trip command according to the user’s requirement.
There are two stages included in undervoltage protection, each stage can be
set to alarm or trip separately in binary setting, and the time delay for each
stage can be individually set. Thus, the alarming or tripping can be
time-coordinated based on how severe the voltage collapse, e.g. in case of
severe undervoltage happens, the trip command will be issued with a short
88
time delay, whereas for the less severe undervoltage, trip or alarm signal can
be issued with a longer time delay.
Furthermore, for the undervoltage protection, it is possible to set the IED to

operate either when all the measured phase-to-earth or phase-to-phase
voltages falls below the setting or when at least one of the phase-to-earth or
phase-to-phase voltage falls below the respective setting, which can be set in
binary setting.
1.2.2 Phase to earth undervoltage protection
The phase to earth undervoltage protection operates just like the phase to
phase protection except that it detects phase to earth voltages.
1.2.3 Depending on the VT location
Depending on the application, the voltage transformers are located on the

busbar side or on the line side. This results in a different behaviour of the
undervoltage protection.
Figure 20 VT located at busbar side
Figure 21 VT located at line side
89
When a tripping command is issued and the circuit breaker is open, full
voltage remains on the source side while the line side voltage drops to zero.
In this case, undervoltage protection may remain pickup which can be solved
in the IED by integrating additional current criterion. With the current criterion,
undervoltage protection can be maintained only when the undervoltage
criterion satisfied and a minimum current are exceeded. The undervoltage
protection would dropout as soon as the current fall below the corresponding
setting. If the voltage transformer is installed on the busbar side and it is not
desired to check the current flow, this criterion can be disabled by binary
setting.
When the VT located at line side, there is another circuit breaker auxiliary
contact supervision criterion for more security. With this feature, the IED
would issue a trip command when the circuit breaker is closed. This criterion
can be enabled or disabled via binary setting. If the voltage transformer is
installed on the line side and it is not desired to supervise the circuit breaker
position for undervoltage protection, the criterion can be disabled in binary
setting.
90
1.2.4 Logic diagram
Figure 22 Logic diagram for undervoltage protection
91
Signal Description
UP1 signal for voltage input 1
IP1 signal for current input 1
Table 61 Binary input list
Signal Description
Ph A CB Open Phase A open status of CB
Ph B CB Open Phase B open status of CB
Ph C CB Open Phase C open status of CB
Signal Description
UV1 Alarm Undervoltage protection stage 1 alarm
UV2 Alarm Undervoltage protection stage 2 alarm
UV1_Trip Undervoltage protection stage 1 trip
UV2_Trip Undervoltage protection stage 2 trip
92
Table 63 Undervoltage protection function setting list

Voltage setting for undervoltage
U_UV1 40 V 5.00 150.0
protection stage 1
Time setting for undervoltage protection
T_UV1 0.3 s 0.00 120.00
stage 1
Voltage setting for undervoltage
U_UV2 45 V 5.00 150.0
protection stage 2
Time setting for undervoltage protection
T_UV2 0.6 s 0.00 120.00
stage 2
Dropout ratio for undervoltage
Dropout_UV 1.05 1.01 2.00
protection
I_UV_Chk Current setting for undervoltage 0.1In A 0.05 10.00
Table 64 Undervoltage protection binary setting list

Undervoltage stage 1 enabled or
Func_UV1 1 0 1
disabled
Undervotage stage 1 tripping
UV1 Trip 0 0 1
enabled or disabled
Undervoltage stage 2 enabled or
Func_UV2 1 0 1
disabled
Undervotage stage 2 tripping
UV2 Trip 0 0 1
enabled or disabled
Phase to phase or phase to earth
UV PE measured for undervoltage 1 0 1
protection
Checking three phase voltage for
UV Chk All Phase 1 0 1
undervoltage protection
Checking current for
UV Chk Current 1 0 1
Checking CB aux. contact for
UV Chk CB 0 0 1
Enable/disable undervoltage
UV Init CBF 0 0 1
initiating circuit breaker failure
93
1.5 Reports
UV1 Trip Undervoltage stage 1 trip
UV2 Trip Undervoltage stage 2 trip
UV1 Alarm Undervoltage stage 1 alarm
UV2 Alarm Undervoltage stage 2 alarm
1.6 Technical data
Table 67 Technical data for undervoltage protection

Voltage connection Phase-to-phase voltages or ≤ ±3 % setting or ±1 V
phase-to-earth voltages
Phase to earth voltage 5 to 75 V , step 1 V ≤ ±3 % setting or ±1 V
Phase to phase voltage 10 to 150 V, step 1 V ≤ ±3 % setting or ±1 V
Reset ratio 1.01 to 2.00, step 0.01 ≤ ±3 % setting
Time delay 0.00 to 120.00 s, step 0.01 s ≤ ±1 % setting or +50 ms, at
Current criteria 0.08 to 2.00 Ir ≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02Ir
Reset time ≤ 50 ms
94
Chapter 12 Displacement voltage protection
Chapter 12 Displacement voltage

protection
About this chapter
This chapter describes the protection principle, input and

output signals, parameter, IED report and technical data used
for displacement voltage protection.
95
1 Displacement voltage protection
1.1 Introduction
The displacement voltage protection is able to monitor the displacement

voltage to detect the earth fault in power system. It is usually applied in
non-solidly earthed networks where the earth fault current is limited.
The protection provide following features:
 3U0 based on calculated summation of 3 phase voltage or measured

injected residual voltage
The displacement voltage 3U0 can be either directly measured from VT or

calculated based on connected three phases to earth voltages (3V0= VA+
VB+ VC). In the latter case, the three voltages transformers input must be
connected in an earth-wye configuration.
If the displacement voltage is directly applied to the IED and binary setting
“3U0 Calculated” is disabled, the protection is not affected by VT fail
detection on three-phase connected voltage. Similarly, if the displacement
voltage is calculated based on the three-phase voltages and binary setting
“3U0 Calculated” is enabled, it would not be blocked as a result of failure
detection in U4 voltage transformer. However, in case of a failure in U4
voltage transformer and the displacement voltage protection based on
measured value 3V0 would be blocked.
Two definite time stages are provided by the displacement voltage

protection for detecting earth faults. The provided stages can be set to
issue an alarm signal or a trip command. This can be achieved by binary
setting. Generally, stage 1 is applied to monitor light earth faults and hence
is usually used as the alarm stage. However, stage 2 is applied to detect
heavy earth faults and therefore is set for trip stage.
96
Individual pickup value for the each definite stage can be set in setting value.
The measured or calculated displacement voltage is compared separately
with the corresponding setting value with delay time. If the displacement
voltage exceeds the associated pickup value, after expiry of the time delay,
the trip command is issued.
1.2.2 Logic diagram
Figure 23 Logic diagram for displacement voltage protection
97
Signal Description
Signal Description
3V01 Alarm Displacement voltage protection stage 1 alarm
3V02 Alarm Displacement voltage protection stage 2 alarm
3V01_Trip Displacement voltage protection stage 1 trip
3V02_Trip Displacement voltage protection stage 2 trip
Table 70 Function setting list for displacement voltage protection

Voltage setting for displacement voltage
U_3V01 20 V 2.00 100.0
protection stage 1
Time setting for displacement voltage
T_3V01 0.1 s 0.00 60.00
protection stage 1
Voltage setting for displacement voltage
U_3V02 10 V 2.00 100.0
protection stage 2
Time setting for displacement voltage
T_3V02 1 s 0.00 60.00
protection stage 2
98
Table 71 Binary setting list for displacement voltage protection

Displacement voltage stage 1
Func_3V01 1 0 1
enabled or disabled
Displacement voltage stage 1 trip
3V01 Trip 0 0 1
or alarm
Displacement voltage stage 2
Func_3V02 1 0 1
enabled or disabled
Displacement voltage stage 2 trip
3V02 Trip 0 0 1
or alarm
Displacement voltage is
3U0 Calculated 1 0 1
calculated or measured form VT
Displacement voltage protection
3V0 Init CBF 0 0 1
initiate CBF enabled or disabled
1.5 Reports
3V01 Trip Displacement voltage stage 1 trip
3V02 Trip Displacement voltage stage 2 trip
3V01 Alarm Displacement voltage stage 1 alarm
3V02 Alarm Displacement voltage stage 2 alarm
1.6 Technical data
Table 74 Technical data for displacement voltage protection

Pickup threshold 3V0 2 to 100 V, step 1 V ≤ ± 5 % setting value or ±1 V
(calculated)
Time delay 0.00 to 60.00 s, step 0.01s ≤ ±1 % setting or +50 ms, at
Reset ratio Approx. 0.95
99
Chapter 13 Circuit breaker failure protection
Chapter 13 Circuit breaker failure

protection
About this chapter

for circuit breaker failure protection
101
1 Circuit breaker failure protection
1.1 Introduction
The circuit breaker failure (CBF) protection function monitors proper

tripping of the relevant circuit breaker. Normally, the circuit breaker should
be tripped and therefore interrupt the fault current whenever a short circuit
protection function issues a trip command. Circuit breaker failure protection
provides rapid back-up fault clearance, in the event of circuit breaker
malfunction to respond to a trip command.
Figure 24 Simplified function diagram of circuit breaker failure protection
The main features of CBF protection is as following:
 Two trip stages (local and surrounding breaker tripping)
 Transfer trip command to the remote line end in second stage
 Internal/ external initiation
 Single/three phase CBF initiation
 Selectable CB Aux contacts checking
 Current criteria checking (including phase current, zero and negative

sequence current)
102
1.2 Function Description
Circuit breaker failure protection can be enabled or disabled in the IED by

binary setting. If the CBF protection is enabled, by operation of a protection
function and subsequent CBF initiation by respective protection function or
externally, a programmed timer will run toward a preset time delay limit.
This time delay is set by settings “T_CBF1”. If the circuit breaker has not
been opened after expiration of the preset time limit, the IED issues a
command to trip circuit breaker (e.g. via a second trip coil). If the circuit
breaker doesn’t respond to the repeated trip command, until another preset
delay time which is set to “T_CBF2”, the protection will issue a trip
command to isolate the fault by tripping other surrounding backup circuit
breakers (e.g. the other CBs connected to the same bus section as the
faulty CB).
Initiation of CBF protection can be performed by both internal and external

protection functions. If CBF protection is desired to be initiated by means of
external protection functions, specified binary inputs (BI) should be
marshaled. This IED provides 4 binary inputs for externally initiation of
integrated CBF function. One of them is 3-phase CBF initiation and other
three are for phase selective CBF initiation in the case of single phase
tripping when single phase AR is allowed.
There are two criteria for breaker failure detection: the first one is to check
whether the actual current flow effectively disappeared after a tripping
command had been issued. The second one is to evaluate the circuit
breaker auxiliary contact status.
1.2.1 Current criterion evaluation
Since circuit breaker is supposed to be open when current disappears from

the circuit, the first criterion (current monitoring) is the most reliable way for
IED to be informed about proper operation of circuit breaker. Therefore,
current monitoring is applied to detect circuit breaker failure condition. In
this context, the monitored current of each phase is compared with the
pre-defined setting. Furthermore, it is possible to implement current
checking in case of zero-sequence () and negative-sequence
(3I2=IA+a2IB+aIC) currents via binary setting. If the zero-sequence and
negative-sequence current checking are enabled, zero sequence and
negative-sequence current are compared separately with the
corresponding threshold.
103
1.2.2 Circuit breaker auxiliary contact evaluation
For protection functions where the tripping criterion is not dependent on

current, current flow is not a suitable criterion for proper operation of the
breaker. In this case, the position of the circuit breaker auxiliary contact
should be used to determine if the circuit breaker properly operated. It is
possible to evaluate the circuit breaker operation from its auxiliary contact
status. A precondition for evaluating circuit breaker auxiliary contact is that
open status of CB should be marshaled to binary inputs.
1.2.3 Logic diagram
Figure 25 Logic diagram for current criterion of CBF protection
104
Figure 26 Logic diagram for circuit breaker auxiliary contact evaluation
105
Figure 27 Logic diagram for internal and external initiation
106
Figure 28 Logic diagram for CBF protection startup
107
Figure 29 Logic diagram for first stage of CBF
Figure 30 Logic diagram for three-phase trip initiated by single phase startup
Figure 31 Logic diagram for second stage of CBF
108
Signal Description
IN signal for zero sequence current input
Signal Description
PhA Init CBF PhaseA initiate CBF
PhB Init CBF PhaseB initiate CBF
PhC Init CBF PhaseC initiate CBF
3Ph Init CBF Three phase initiate CBF
PhA CB Open PhaseA CB open
PhB CB Open PhaseB CB open
PhC CB Open PhaseC CB open
3Ph CB Close Three phase CB close
Signal Description
Trip PhA Trip phase A
Trip PhB Trip phase B
Trip PhC Trip phase C
109
Signal Description
CBF1 Trip Circuit breaker failure protection stage 1 trip
Table 78 CBF protection function setting list

Phase current setting for circuit breaker
I_CBF 0.5In A 0.05 100.0
fail startup
Zero sequence current setting for
3I0_CBF 0.2In A 0.05 100.0
circuit breaker fail startup
Negative sequence current setting for
3I2_CBF 0.2In A 0.05 100.0
circuit breaker fail startup
Delay time setting for stage 1 of circuit
T_CBF1 0 s 0.00 32.00
breaker fail startup
Time setting for single phase to trip
T_CBF 1P Trip 3P three phase for stage 1 of circuit 0.1 s 0.05 32.00
breaker fail
T_CBF2 0.2 s 0.10 32.00
Table 79 CBF protection binary setting list

Func_CBF CBF protection enabled or disabled 1 0 1
Three pole trip by one pole failure
CBF 1P Trip 3P for CBF protection enabled or 0 0 1
disabled
zero- and negative-sequence
CBF Chk 3I0/3I2 1 0 1
current checked by CBF protection
CB auxiliary contact checked for
CBF Chk CB Status 0 0 1
CBF protection
Checking three phase CB close
CBF Chk
status via binary input for CBF 0 0 1
BI_3Ph_CB_Close
protection
110
1.5 Reports
1.6 Technical data
NOTE:
Table 81 Technical data for circuit breaker failure protection

phase current
Negative sequence current 0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir ≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02Ir
zero sequence current
Time delay of stage 1 0.00s to 32.00 s, step 0.01s ≤ ±1% setting or +25 ms, at
Time delay of stage 2 0.00s to 32.00 s, step 0.01s 200% operating setting
Reset ratio >0.95
Reset time of stage 1 < 20ms
111
Chapter 14 Dead zone protection
About this chapter

for dead zone protection.
113
1 Dead zone protection
1.1 Introduction
The IED provides this protection function to protect dead zone, namely the
area between circuit breaker and CT in the case that CB is open. Therefore,
by occurrence of a fault in dead zone, the short circuit current is measured
by protection IED while CB auxiliary contacts indicate the CB is open.
This protection can be enabled or disabled by dedicated binary setting. If

the protection function is enabled, by operation of a protection function, and
subsequent CBF initiation by respective protection function, a programmed
timer runs toward a preset time delay limit. This time delay is set by user in
setting. If the fault current has not been disappeared after expiration of the
preset time limit even now the circuit breaker has been opened, the dead
zone protection would issue a trip command to isolate the fault by tripping
other surrounding backup circuit breakers (e.g. the other CBs connected to
the same bus section as the faulty CB).
When one bus side CT of feeder or transformer is applied, once a fault

occurs in the dead zone, the IED trips the relevant busbar zone. Tripping
logic is illustrated in Figure 32.
114
Figure 32 Tripping logic when applying bus side CT
When one line side CT is applied and a fault occurs in the dead zone,
protection IED sends a transfer trip to remote end relay to isolate the fault.
Tripping logic is illustrated in Figure 33.
115
Figure 33 Tripping logic when applying line side CT
When one transformer side CT is applied and a fault occurs in the dead
zone, protection relay trip the circuit breakers of the others transformer
winding. Tripping logic is illustrated in Figure 34.
116
Figure 34 Tripping logic when applying transformer side CT
117
1.2.2 Logic diagram
Figure 35 Logic diagram for dead zone protection logic
118
Signal Description
Signal Description
PhA Init CBF PhaseA initiate CBF
PhB Init CBF PhaseB initiate CBF
PhC Init CBF PhaseC initiate CBF
3Ph Init CBF Three phase initiate CBF
3Ph CB Close Three phase CB Close
Signal Description
DeadZone_Trip Dead Zone protection trip
Table 85 Dead zone protection function setting list

Time delay setting for dead zone
T_Dead Zone 1 s 0.00 32.00
protection
Table 86 Dead zone protection binary setting list

Dead Zone protection operating
Func_Dead Zone 1 0 1
mode
119
1.5 Reports
Dead Zone Trip Dead zone trip
1.6 Technical data
NOTE:
Table 88 Technical data for dead zone protection

≤ ±1% setting or +40 ms, at
Time delay 0.00s to 32.00s, step 0.01s
Reset ratio >0.95
120
Chapter 15 Stub protection
About this chapter

for stub protection.
121
1 Stub protection
1.1 Introduction
The VT is mostly installed at line side of transmission lines. Therefore, for the
cases that transmission line is taken out of service and the line disconnector
is opened, the distance protection will not be able to operate and must be
blocked.
The stub protection protects the zone between the CTs and the open
disconnector. The stub protection is enabled when the open position of the
disconnector is connected to IED binary input. The function supports one
definite stage which related concept is shown in Figure 36.
Figure 36 Stub fault at circuit breaker arrangement
If a short circuit current flows while the line disconnector is open, this implies
that a fault in the stub range between the current transformers and the line
122
disconnector occurs. The circuit breakers CB1 and CB2 that carry the
short-circuit current can be tripped without delay time.
The stub protection is an overcurrent protection which is only in service when

the state of the line disconnector indicates the open condition via a binary
input. The binary input must therefore be operated via an auxiliary contact of
the disconnector. In the case of a closed line disconnector, the stub protection
is out of service. The stub protection stage provides one definite time
overcurrent stage with settable delay time. This protection function can be
enabled or disabled via the binary setting.
1.2.2 Logic diagram
Figure 37 Logic diagram for stub protection
Signal Description
123
Signal Description
Stub Enable Stub Enable
Signal Description
Stub Trip Stub Trip
Table 92 Setting value list for stub protection

I_STUB Current setting of stub protection 1.2In A 0.05 100.0
T_STUB Time setting of stub protection 1 s 0.00 60.00
Table 93 Binary setting list for stub protection

Func_STUB Stub protection enabled or disabled 1 0 1
STUB Init CBF Stub protection initiate CBF protection 1 0 1
1.5 Reports
Stub Trip Stub protection trip
1.6 Technical data
NOTE:
124
Table 95 Technical data for stub protection

Reset ratio >0.95
125
Chapter 16 Stub Differential protection
Chapter 16 Stub Differential

protection
About this chapter

output signals, settings, parameters, IED report and technical
data of stub differential protection.
127
1 Stub differential protection
1.1 Introduction
The function contains percentage restraint principle current differential

protection and simple current differential protection, applied for the one and
half circuit breaker arrangement, as shown in the figure 38:
When any element (line or transformer) is out of operation, the isolator G1

(G3, G2, G4) is opened, it still required this series operate in close-loop, the
stub differential protection should be enabled, and the fault can be selectively
cleared between the two sets of circuit breakers.
This protection function is disabled during the normal operation, only the
primary equipment out of operation and the isolator disconnected, enable this
function through the corresponding auxiliary contacts.
The percentage differential protection is a type of current differential

protection which considering the characteristics of the two groups of CT
maybe have difference.
The simple current differential protection considering when external short

circuit happens, the crossing current will not generate bigger unbalanced
current because of two groups of CT have the same type and the same
ratio. So can choose simple current differential (sum current) protection
function, and through setting the appropriate value to escape the
unbalanced current of external short-circuit.
128
Diff Prot Diff Prot

CB CB
CT1 CT1
Feeder 1 G1 G3 Feeder 3
CB CB
CT2 CT2
CT3 CT3
Feeder 2
G2 G4 Feeder 4
CT4 CT4
Diff Prot Diff Prot
CB CB
Busbar I
Figure 38 Stub Differential Protection at 3/2 CBs arrangement
1.2 Protection Principle
1.2.1 Protection Startup elements
This protection function mainly depends on the sudden-change current

startup element.
The criterion is:
△i>I_abrupt or △3I0>I_abrupt
Note: △i=| |iK-iK-T|-|iK-T-iK-2T| |， represent the AB、BC、CA

pahse-phase; △3I0 is the zero-sequence sudden-change current, I_abrupt is
the setting value of sudden-change.
Besides the sudden-change startup element, the protection also have the
zero-sequence startup and differential current startup elements. The
criterions are:
3I0 > I04
129
. .
│ I 1 + I 2│> min（ICDL，ICDH，IHL1，IHL2）
I04 is the setting value of zero-sequence startup element, min(ICDL, ICDH,

IHL1, IHL2) is the minium value of the low-set differential protection setting
value, the high-set differential protection setting value, stage I setting value of
simple differential protection, stage II setting value of simple differential
protection.
The startup elements described above only active when any type of
protection function enable.
1.2.2 The low-set percentage restraint current differential
protecion
Under the one and a half circuit breakers connection, when the line or
transfomer out of operation and the isolator open, the low-set percentage
differential protection function enable binary setting is“1”.The low-set current
differential protection is enabled.
The tripping criterion formula is:
   
I1 I 2  I1 I 2  I CDL
 
I CD
 I1  I 2
Tripping
K 1
ICDL  
I ZD
 I1  I 2
Figure 39 Tripping characteristic of low-set current differential protection
130
1.2.3 The high-set percentage restraint current differential
protecion
transformer out of operation and the isolator open, the high-set percentage
differential protection function enable binary setting is“1”.The high-set current
differential protection is enabled.

 
I1 I 2  I CDH
   
I 1  I 2  0.75 I 1  I 2
 
ICD  I1 I 2
Tripping area
K  0.75
ICDH
 
I ZD
 I1  I 2
Figure 40 Tripping characteristic of high-set current differential protection
1.2.4 The Simple Current Differential Protection Stage I
transformer out of operation and the isolator open, the simple current diff
protection stage I binary setting is“1”.The simple current differential protection
stage I is enabled.
 
I 1  I 2  I HL1
131
1.2.5 The Simple Current Differential Protection Stage II
transformer out of operation and the isolator open, the simple current diff
protection stage II binary setting is“1”.The simple current differential
protection stage II is enabled.
 
I1  I 2  I HL 2
1.2.6 Logic diagram
Figure 41 Logic diagram for stub Differential protection
Signal Description
132
Signal Description
Stub Diff Enable Stub Diff Enable when the isolator is open
Signal Description
Stub Diff Trip Stub Diff Trip
Table 99 Setting value list for stub protection

CT_Primary Primary Rated Current KA 0.05 5.00
CT_Secondary Secondary Rated Current A 1.00 5.00
T_Relay Reset Time delay for startup element to reset s 0.50 10.00
Sudden-change current threshold of
I_abrupt 4In A 0.04In 4In
startup element
Zero-sequence current threshold of
3I0_Startup 20In A 0.1In 20In
startup element
I_CDH High-set current differential setting value 2In A 0.1In 2In
I_CDL Low-set current differential setting value 2In A 0.1In 2In
Simple current differential stage I setting
I_HL1 20In A 0.1In 20In
value
Simple current differential stage II setting
I_HL2 20In A 0.1In 20In
value
T2 Time delay of simple current diff stage II 9.9 s 0.00 10
Table 100 Binary setting list for stub Differential protection

High-set percentage current differential
Func_CDH 0 0 1
protection enable/disable
Low-set percentage current differential
Func_CDL 0 0 1
protection enable/disable
Simple differential protection stage I
Func_HL1 0 0 1
enable/disable
Simple differential protection stage II
Func_HL2 0 0 1
enable/disable
133
1.5 Setting Descriptions
1) I_abrupt: threshold of the phase current sudden change startup element,

0.2In is commonly recommended.
2) 3I0_Startup: zero-sequence current threshold of startup element, the

maximum zero-sequence current is commonly recommended.
3) I_CDH: High-set current differential setting value, normally the maximum

load current are recommended.
4) I_CDL: Low-set current differential setting value, set as the 0.3In~0.5In

commonly.
5) I_HL1: Simple current differential stage I setting value, considering the

maximum load current and the unbalanced current during the external
fault.
6) I_HL2: Simple current differential stage II setting value, normally the

maximum load current are recommended.
7) T2: should avoid the transient process of the external fault.
1.6 Reports
STUB Diff Trip High-set or Low-set percentage differential protection trip
HL1 Trip Simple current differential stage I trip
HL2 Trip Simple current differential stage II trip
Abbr. Meaning
Diff current existed Differential current existed during normal operation
Side CB CT fail Side CB CT failure
Mid CB CT fail Middle CB CT failure
Table 103 Operation report list
Abbr. Meaning
Func_STUB Diff Off Stub Differential Protection disable
Func_STUB Diff On Stub Differential Protection enable
134
1.7 Technical data
NOTE:
In: CT rated secondary current, 1A or 5A.
Table 104 Technical data for stub protection

Percentage Differential
0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir ≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02Ir
Current
Simple Differential Current 0.08 Ir to 20.00 Ir ≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02Ir
Reset ratio >0.95
135
Chapter 17 Poles discordance protection
Chapter 17 Poles discordance

protection
About this chapter

output signals, parameter, IED report and technical data for
poles discordance protection.
137
1 Poles discordance protection
1.1 Introdcution
Under steady-state operating condition, all three poles of circuit breaker must
be closed or open at the same time. The phase separated operating circuit
breakers can be in different positions (close-open) due to electrical or
mechanical failures. This can cause negative and zero sequence currents
which gives thermal stress on rotating machines and can cause unwanted
operation of zero sequence or negative sequence current functions.
The pole discordance function operates based on information from auxiliary

contacts of the circuit breaker for the three phases with additional criteria from
unsymmetrical phase current.
The CB position signals are connected to IED via binary input in order to
monitor the CB state. Poles discordance condition is established when at
least one pole is closed and at the same time not all three poles are closed.
Additionally, the current criteria are processed. Pole discordance can be

detected when current is not flowing through all three poles, i.e. through only
one or two poles. When current is flowing through all three poles, all three
poles must be closed even if the breaker auxiliary contacts indicate a different
status.
138
1.2.2 Logic diagram
Figure 42 Logic diagram for poles discordance protection
139
Signal Description
IN Signal for zero sequence current input
Signal Description
Signal Description
Trip 3Ph Trip three phase
PD_Trip Poles discordance protection trip
Table 108 Function setting list for poles discordance protection

Zero sequence current setting value for
3I0_PD 0.4In A 0.05 100.0
PD protection
140

Negative sequence current setting value
3I2_PD 0.4In A 0.05 100.0
for PD protection
T_PD Time setting value for PD protection 2 s 0.00 60.00
Table 109 Binary setting list for poles discordance protection

Enable or disable poles discordance
Func_PD 1 0 1
protection
Enable or disable 3I0/3I2 checking
PD Chk 3I0/3I2 0 0 1
criteria
PD Init CBF PD protection initiate CBF protection 1 0 1
1.5 Reports
PD Trip Poles discordance protection trip
1.6 Technical data
NOTE:
Table 111 Technical data for poles discordance protection

Time delay 0.00s to 60.00s, step 0.01s ≤ ±1% setting or +40 ms, at
Reset ratio >0.95
141
Chapter 18 Synchro-check and energizing check function
Chapter 18 Synchro-check and

energizing check function
About this chapter

in synchro-check and energizing check function.
143
1 Synchro-check and energizing check

function
1.1 Introduction
The synchronism and voltage check function ensures that the stability of the
network is not endangered when switching a line onto a busbar. The voltage
of the feeder to be energized is compared to that of the busbar to check
conformances in terms of magnitude, phase angle and frequency within
certain tolerances.
The synchro-check function checks whether the voltages on both sides of the
circuit breaker are synchronizing, or at least one side is dead to ensure
closing can be done safely.
When comparing the two voltages, the synchro check uses the voltages from
busbar and outgoing feeder. If the voltage transformers for the protective
functions are connected to the outgoing feeder side, the reference voltage
has to be connected to a busbar voltage.
If the voltage transformers for the protective functions are connected to the
busbar side, the reference voltage has to be connected to a feeder voltage.
Note:
 For synchro-check function properly operating, the reference voltage

(single phase voltage) must be phase to earth voltage.
 The voltage phase for synchro-check and energizing check can be

identified automatically by protection IED and not need be set.
1.2.1 Synchro-check mode
The voltage difference, frequency difference and phase angle difference

values are measured in the IED and are available for the synchro-check
function for evaluation.
By any synchronization request, the synchronization conditions will be
144
checked continuously. If the line voltages and busbar voltages are larger than
the value of “Umin_Syn” and meet the synchronization conditions,
synchronized reclosing can be performed.
At the end of the dead time, synchronization request will be initiated and the
synchronization conditions are continuously checked to be met for a certain
time during maximal extended time “T_MaxSynExt”. By satisfying
synch-check condition in this period, the monitor timer will stop and close
command will be issued for AR.
Before releasing a close command at synchronization conditions, all of the

following conditions should be satisfied:
 All three phases voltage U(a,b,c) should be above the setting value
“Umin_Syn”.
 The reference voltage should be above the setting value “Umin_Syn”.
 The voltage difference should be within the permissible deviation “U_Syn

Diff”
 The angle difference should be within the permissible deviation

“Angle_Syn Diff”
 The frequency difference should be within the permissible deviation

“Freq_Syn Diff”
1.2.2 Energizing check mode
In this mode of operation, the low voltage (dead) condition is checked

continuously whenever synchronization check is requested. If the line
voltages are less than “Umax_Energ”, reclosing can be performed. If the line
voltages and busbar voltages are all larger than “Umin_Syn”, the check mode
will automatically turn to full synchronization check mode.
In auto-recloser procedure, synchronization check request is triggered at the

end of the dead time. If the low voltage conditions are continuously met for a
certain numbers and during maximum extended time “T_MaxSynExt”, the
monitor timer will stop and close command will be issued for AR.
Before releasing a close command in low voltage conditions, one of the

following conditions need to be checked according to requirement:
145
 Energizing check for dead line and live bus for AR enabled or disabled,
when the control word “AR_EnergChkDLLB” is on
 Energizing check for live line and live bus for AR enabled or disabled,
when the control word “AR_EnergChkLLDB” is on
 Energizing check for dead line and dead bus for AR enabled or disabled,
when the control word “AR_EnergChkDLDB” is on
1.2.3 Override mode
In this mode, auto-reclosing will be released without any check.
146
1.2.4 Logic diagram
Figure 43 Logic diagram for synchro-check function
147
Signal Description
Table 113 Synchro-check function setting list

Angle difference for synchronization
Angle_Syn Diff 30 Degree 1.00 80.00
check
Voltage difference for synchronization
U_Syn Diff 10 V 1.00 40.00
check
Frequency difference for
Freq_Syn Diff 0.05 Hz 0.02 2.00
synchronization check
T_Syn Check Time for synchronization check 0.05 s 0.00 60.00
Maximum time for exiting
T_MaxSynExt 10 s 0.05 60.00
Minimum voltage for synchronization
Umin_Syn 40 V 30.00 65.00
check
Maximum voltage for Energizing
Umax_Energ 30 V 10.00 50.00
check
148
Table 114 Synchro-check binary setting list

Override mode for AR enabled or
AR_Override 1 0 1
disabled
Dead line live bus of energizing
AR_EnergChkDLLB 0 0 1
check for AR enabled or disabled
Live line dead bus of energizing
AR_EnergChkLLDB 0 0 1
Dead line dead bus of energizing
AR_EnergChkDLDB 0 0 1
Synchronization check for AR
AR_Syn check 0 0 1
enabled or disabled
1.5 Reports
Syn Request Begin to synchronization check
AR_EnergChk OK Energizing check OK
Syn Failure Synchronization check timeout
Syn OK Synchronization check OK
Syn Vdiff fail Voltage difference for synchronization check fail
Syn Fdiff fail Frequency difference for synchronization check fail
Syn Angdiff fail Angle difference for synchronization check fail
EnergChk fail Energizing check fail
SYN Voltage Err Voltage abnormity for synchronization check
1.6 Technical data
NOTE:
149
Table 117 Synchro-check and voltage check technical data

Synchronization check:
 Synch-check
 Energizing check, and
synch-check if energizing
check failure
Operating mode  Override
Energizing check:
 Dead V4 and dead V3Ph
 Dead V4 and live V3Ph
 Live V4 and dead V3Ph
Voltage threshold of dead line 10 to 50 V (phase to earth),

≤ ± 3 % setting or 1 V
or bus step 1 V
Voltage threshold of live line 30 to 65 V (phase to earth),
≤ ± 3 % setting or 1 V
or bus step 1 V
∆V-measurement Voltage 1 to 40 V (phase-to-earth),
≤ ± 1V
difference steps 1 V
Δf-measurement (f2>f1;
0.02 to 2.00 Hz, step, 0.01 Hz ≤ ± 20 mHz
f2<f1)
Δα-measurement (α2>α1;
1 ° to 80 °, step, 1 ° ≤ ± 3°
α2<α1)
≤ ± 1.5 % setting value or +60
Minimum measuring time 0.05 to 60.00 s, step,0.01 s,
ms
Maximum synch-check
0.05 to 60.00 s, step,0.01 s, ≤ ± 1 % setting value or +50 ms
extension time
150
Chapter 19 Auto-reclosing function
About this chapter

in auto-reclosing function.
151
1 Auto- reclosing
1.1 Introduction
For restoration of the normal service after a fault, an auto-reclosing attempt

is mostly made for overhead lines. Experiences show that about 85% of
faults are transient and can disappear when an auto-reclosing attempt is
performed. This means that the line can be connected again; the
reconnection is accomplished after a dead time via the automatic reclosing
system. If the fault still exists after auto-reclosing, for example, arc has not
been cleared, the protection will re-trip the circuit breaker (hereinafter is
referred as CB).
Auto-reclosing is only permitted on overhead lines because a short circuit

arc can be extinguished only in overhead lines and not cable feeders. Main
features of the auto-reclosing function (hereinafter is referred as AR) are as
following:
 4 shots auto-reclosing (selectable)
 Individually settable dead time for three phase and single phase fault
and for each zone
 External AR initiation
 Single/three phase AR operation
 CB ready supervision
 CB Aux. interrogation
 Cooperation with internal synch-check function for reclosing command
 Applicable for one and a half breaker arrangement
The AR is able to cooperate with single-pole operated CB as well as

three-pole operated CB. The function provides up to 4 auto-reclosing shots
that can be determined by setting, “Times_AR”. Moreover, since the time
required for extinguishing short circuit arc is different for single or three
phase faults, the different dead time settings, “T_1P ARn” and “T_3P ARn”
(n represents 1, 2, 3, or 4), AR have been provided to set single-pole
tripping dead time and three-pole tripping dead time of each shot
separately.
152
1.2.1 Single-shot reclosing
When an external trip command initiates AR function, the reclosing

program is being executed. Dead time will be started by falling edge of the
external initiation signal. When dead time interval “T_1P AR1” or “T_3P
AR1” has elapsed, monitoring time “T_MaxSynExt” is started. During this
period, whenever synchronization condition is continuously met for “T_Syn
Check”, a closing pulse signal is issued. At the same time, reclaim time
“T_Reclaim” is started. If a new fault occurs before the reclaim time elapses,
AR function is blocked and cause final tripping of CB. However, if no fault
occurs in reclaim time, AR is reset and therefore will be ready for future
reclosing attempts.
The typical tripping-reclosing procedure of single shot reclosing scheme, is

illustrated in time sequence diagrams, and is described as following:
1) After trip command issued, CB will be opened in a short time.
2) The auto-reclosing is initiated when the current is cleared.
3) After the auto-reclosing delay time, T_1P AR1 (or T_3P AR1), elapses,
the reclosing command is issued if all reclosing conditions (e.g.
synchro- -check for 3-pole tripping) are satisfied without any blocking
reclosing input.
4) The AR pulse lasts for “T_Action”.
5) At the moment that the closing signal is issued, reclaim timer

“T_Reclaim” is started. By the end of this period, “T_Reclaim”, If there
is not fault happening, auto-reclosing operation is successful and then
the report, “AR Success”, is issued.
6) From the end of reclaim time, auto-reclosing function is blocked for the
AR reset time “T AR reset”.
7) If another fault occurs after the time, T_AR Reset, elapses, the auto-
-reclosing is ready now, and then a new tripping-reclosing procedure is
started and performed in same way.
153
Figure 44 Two transient three-phase faults, two tripping-reclosing procedures
1.2.2 Multi-shot reclosing
The first reclosing shot is, in principle, the same as the single-shot
auto-reclosing. If the first reclosing is unsuccessful, it doesn’t result in a
final trip, if multi-shot reclosing is set to be performed. In this case, if a fault
occurs during reclaim time of the first reclosing shot, it would result in the
start of the next reclose shot with dead time “T_1pAR1”, “T_1p AR2”, ”T_1p
AR3”, “T_1p AR4”, “T_3P AR2”, “T_3P AR3” or “T_3P AR4”. This
procedure can be repeated until the whole reclosing shots which are set
inside the device is performed. Different dead times can be set to various
shots of AR function. This can be performed through settings “T_1pAR1”,
“T_1p AR2”, ”T_1p AR3”, “T_1p AR4”, “T_3p AR1”, “T_3p AR2”, “T_3p
AR3”, “T_3p AR4”. However, if none of reclosing shots is successful, i.e.
the fault doesn’t disappear after the last programmed shot, a final trip is
issued, and reclosing attempts are announced to be unsuccessful.
The typical tripping-reclosing procedure of two shots reclosing scheme, is

illustrated in time sequence diagrams, and is described as following:
1) After trip command issued, CB will be opened in a short time.
2) The auto-reclosing is initiated when the current is cleared.
3) After the auto-reclosing delay time, T_1P AR1 (or T_3P AR1), elapses,
154
the reclosing command is issued if all reclosing conditions (e.g.

synchro- -check for 3-pole tripping) are satisfied without any blocking
reclosing input.
4) The AR pulse lasts for “T_Action”.
5) At the moment that the closing signal is issued, reclaim timer

“T_Reclaim” is started.
6) If the circuit breaker is closed on a fault during the period between the
dropout of closing command and the end of T_Reclaim, second
tripping- -reclosing procedure for second shot is started and performed
like the first tripping-reclosing procedure.
7) In this way, following shots will be performed in sequence if applied.
8) If none of the reclosing is successful, in other words, the fault is still

remained after the last shot reclosing, the final trip takes place, and the
result is “AR Fail” and AR should be blocked for AR reset time.
9) If one of the preset reclosing shots is successful, meaning that, by the

end of this period, “T_Reclaim”, there is not fault happening again, the
report, “AR Success”, is issued.
10) From the end of reclaim time, auto-reclosing function is blocked for the
AR reset time “T AR Reset”.
11) If another fault occurs after the time, T_AR Reset, elapses, the auto-
-reclosing is ready now, and then a new multi shots tripping-reclosing
procedure is started and performed in same way.
155
Figure 45 A permanent three-phase fault, two reclosing shots and final tripping
1.2.3 AR coordination between tie CB and side CB
When the AR function for side breaker is initiated, the protection IED will
issue the signal [WaitToSlave] to block the AR function for tie breaker. If the
AR for side breaker is successful, the signal [WaitToSlave] will dropout, and
the tie breaker will be reclosed immediately. If the AR for side breaker fails,
the AR for side breaker will send the signal “AR_Fail” and the signal
[WaitToSlave] will be kept during the time of the “T_AR Reset”. If the AR for
tie breaker receives the signal “AR_Fail” or the signal [WaitToSlave]
continuously for [T_WaitMaster], the AR for tie breaker will be blocked.
The following figure illustrates the key connection between AR for side CB
(CB 1 in figure) and tie CB (CB 3 in figure) for AR
coordination.
156
Figure 46 Connection of AR for tie CB blocked by AR for side CB
The typical tripping-reclosing procedure of single shot reclosing scheme for

coordination between side CB and tie CB of 3/2 breaker arrangement, is
illustrated in following two time sequence diagrams, and are described as
following:
The first diagram shows that:
1) After trip command issued, side CB and tie CB are opened in a short
time.
2) The auto-reclosing for side CB and for tie CB are initiated when the
fault current is cleared.
3) At the moment of side CB initiation, the binary output, “AR_Wait to

Slave”, is transmitted to AR for tie CB as the binary input, “AR_Wait”.
As soon as the BI is received, the timer, T_WaitMater” of AR for tie CB
is started.
4) The AR for tie CB can wait only and cannot issue the reclosing
command, until the binary input, “AR_Wait” dropout before the timer,
T_WaitMater” of AR for tie CB elapses, even if the timer, T_1P AR1 (or
T_3P AR1) of AR for tie CB has elapsed.
157
5) After the auto-reclosing delay time, T_1P AR1 (or T_3P AR1) of AR for
side CB, elapses, the reclosing command is issued if all reclosing
conditions (e.g. synchro- -check for 3-pole tripping) are satisfied
without any blocking reclosing input. The side CB is reclosed.
6) At the moment that the closing signal for side CB is issued, reclaim
timer “T_Reclaim” of AR for side CB is started.
7) By the end of the period, “T_Reclaim”, if there is not fault happening,

auto-reclosing operation of side CB is successful. At the end of
“T_Reclaim”, the binary output, “AR_Wait to Slave”, of AR for side CB,
is dropped out. It means that, the binary input, “AR_Wait” of AR for tie
CB is dropped out.
8) The AR for tie CB will do synchronization check or voltage check

according the setting, as soon as the BI, “AR_Wait” of AR for tie CB is
dropped out.
9) If the auto-reclosing delay time, T_1P AR1 (or T_3P AR1) of AR for
side CB, has elapsed, the reclosing command is issued at once if all
reclosing conditions (e.g. synchro- -check for 3-pole tripping) are
satisfied without any blocking reclosing input. The tie CB is reclosed.
158
Figure 47 A transient fault, single shot scheme, coordination between AR for tie CB and AR
for side CB
The second diagram shows that:
1) After trip command issued, side CB and tie CB are opened in a short
time.
159
2) The auto-reclosing for side CB and for tie CB are initiated when the
fault current is cleared.
3) At the moment of side CB initiation, the binary output, “AR_Wait to

Slave”, is transmitted to AR for tie CB as the binary input, “AR_Wait”.
As soon as the BI is received, the timer, T_WaitMater” of AR for tie CB
is started.
4) The AR for tie CB can wait only and cannot issue the reclosing
command, until the binary input, “AR_Wait” dropout before the timer,
T_WaitMater” of AR for tie CB elapses, even if the timer, T_1P AR1 (or
T_3P AR1) of AR for tie CB has elapsed.
5) After the auto-reclosing delay time, T_1P AR1 (or T_3P AR1) of AR for
side CB, elapses, the reclosing command is issued if all reclosing
conditions (e.g. synchro- -check for 3-pole tripping) are satisfied
without any blocking reclosing input. The side CB is reclosed.
6) At the moment that the closing signal for side CB is issued, reclaim
timer “T_Reclaim” of AR for side CB is started.
7) During the reclaim timer “T_Reclaim” of AR for side CB, if the side CB
is reclosed on a permanent fault, the protection IED will trip the CB
instantaneously. At same time, the binary output, “AR Failure” is
transmitted to AR for tie CB as the binary input, “MC/AR Block”.
8) The AR for tie CB is blocked. The tie CB will keep open.
160
Figure 48 A permanent fault, single shot scheme, coordination between AR for tie CB and AR
for side CB
161
1.2.4 Auto-reclosing operation mode
For the IED, whether single-pole tripping operation or three-pole tripping

operation and whether AR is active or not is determined by following binary
settings and related binary inputs.
The relevant binary settings are described as following,
 “AR_1p mode”
In this mode of operation, auto-reclosing function will be initiated by

single phase tripping condition as well as using the external single
pole binary input initiation. If the three-phase AR initiation binary input,
3Ph Init AR, is active, the closing function will be blocked.
 “AR_3p mode”
In this mode of operation, auto-reclosing function only operates for

three pole closing.
 “AR_1p(3p) mode”
In this mode of operation, auto-reclosing function operates for both

single pole tripping as well as three pole tripping.
 “AR_Disable”
By setting this binary setting to “1”, auto-reclosing function will be off

or out of service.
Note: If any illegal setting has been done, “AR FUNC Alarm” is
reported.
 “Relay Trip 3pole”
When AR is disabled, by setting this binary setting to “0”, IED perform

s single- pole tripping at single phase fault and perform three-pole
tripping at multi-phase fault. Setting this binary setting to “1” will result
in three-pole tripping at any faults.
 “AR Final Trip”
By setting this binary setting to “1”, auto-reclosing function

generates a three pole trip command for an unsuccessful single
pole reclosing.
In the “AR_1P mode”, after a single pole tripping, if auto- -reclosing

function is blocked suddenly during the dead time of a 1-pole
reclosing cycle, the circuit breaker will be kept in poles discordance
state. To avoiding this state, by binary setting “AR Final Trip” at 1,
the IED will issue a 3-pole trip command to open the rest of circuit
162
breaker poles. This binary setting is always used in the situation

without pole discordance protection applied.
1.2.5 Auto-reclosing initiation
AR can be initiated by external functions via four binary inputs:
 PhA Init AR
External phase A tripping output initiates AR
 PhB Init AR
External phase B tripping output initiates AR
 PhC Init AR
External phase C tripping output initiates AR
 3Ph Init AR
External three-phase tripping output initiates AR
1.2.6 Cooperating with external protection IED
The AR can cooperate with external protection IED. The AR can be initiated
or blocked by external protection IED via dedicated binary inputs.
Figure shows the typical connect between AR binary inputs and external
protection IED binary outputs.
Figure 49 Typical connection between two protection IEDs with/without AR
163
1.2.7 Auto-reclosing logic
Some important points regarded to auto-reclosing logic are described as

following:
 In the case of blocking of auto-reclosing via “MC/AR block”, blocking

will be started by rising edge of “MC/AR block” and will be extended by
AR_Reset Time after falling edge of this binary input.
 In the case of three phase reclosing with sychro-check requesting,

dead time can last for “T_3P AR” + “T_MaxSynExt” at most, from the
auto-reclosing initiation input end. In this condition, IED starts to check
synchronization conditions at the end of “T_3P AR”. Before the end of
period, “T_MaxSynExt”, if the synchronization conditions are
continuously met for the time,“T_Syn Check” at least, the close
command will be issued. After the end of period, “T_MaxSynExt”, if
synchronization conditions are still not continuously met, the report,
“AR Failure”, will be issued and the auto-reclosing function will be
blocked for time, “T_AR Reset”. The logic is illustrated in flowing time
sequence diagram
164
Figure 50 A permanent three-phase fault, successful synchronizing for first shot, fail
synchronizing for second shot
 Close command pulse lasts for “T_Action” at most. During this time, it
does not check synchronization conditions any longer. Before the end
of close command pulse, if any function tripping happen, the close
command is terminated.
165
Figure 51 A permanent three-phase fault, single shot. unsuccessful reclosing
 To prevent automatic reclosing during feeder dead status (CB Open),

for example, in the IED testing, AR is initiated at first shot only when the
CB has been closed for more than setting time, “T_AR Reset”.
1.2.8 AR blocked conditions
 If binary input “AR Off” is present, auto-reclosing function will be out of

service
 Whenever the binary input “MC/AR Block” is received, auto-reclosing

function will be blocked for setting “T_AR Reset”.
 Whenever circuit breaker abnormal condition is detected,

auto-reclosing function will be blocked.
In order to avoid auto-reclosing in the case of CB faulty, for example,

CB spring charge faulty, a binary input, “CB Faulty”, is considered to
receive CB ready status. Therefore, after synchronization check
166
condition meets, the input “CB Faulty”will be checked. If it doesn’t

disappear before time period “T_CB Faulty” finishing, auto-reclosing
will be blocked for “T_AR Reset”.
1.2.9 Logic diagram
Figure 52 Logic diagram 1 for auto-reclosing startup
Besides, auto-reclosing startup could also be triggered by circuit breaker

opening as following figure:
167
Figure 53 Logic diagram 2 for auto-reclosing startup
Figure 54 Logic diagram of Checking 3 phase voltage
168
Figure 55 Logic diagram of auto-reclosing
169
Signal Description
Signal Description
AR Off AR function off
MC/AR Block AR block
PhA Init AR PhaseA initiate AR
PhB Init AR PhaseB initiate AR
PhC Init AR PhaseC initiate AR
3Ph Init AR Three phase initiate AR
AR Wait AR Wait
CB Faulty CB faulty
170
Signal Description
PhA CB Open Phase A CB Open
PhB CB Open Phase B CB Open
PhC CB Open Phase C CB Open
3Ph CB Close Three phase CB close
V1P MCB Fail Single phase MCB VT fail
Signal Description
AR Close AR Close
AR Lockout AR Lockout
AR Not Ready AR Not Ready
AR Final Trip AR Final Trip
AR In Progress AR In Progress
AR Successful AR Successful
AR Fail AR Fail
AR for tie breaker blocked by AR for side
AR WaitToSlave
breaker
Table 121 Auto-reclosing function setting list

Time delay setting 1 for single phase
T_1P AR1 0.6 s 0.05 10.00
auto-reclosing
T_1P AR2 0.7 s 0.05 10.00
auto-reclosing
T_1P AR3 0.8 s 0.05 10.00
auto-reclosing
T_1P AR4 0.9 s 0.05 10.00
auto-reclosing
Time delay setting 1 for three phase
T_3P AR1 1.1 s 0.05 60.00
auto-reclosing
T_3P AR2 1.2 s 0.05 60.00
auto-reclosing
T_3P AR3 1.3 s 0.05 60.00
auto-reclosing
T_3P AR4 1.4 s 0.05 60.00
auto-reclosing
T_Action pulse length setting for auto-reclosing 80 s 80.00 500.0
171

Time setting for successful auto-reclosing
T_Reclaim 3 s 0.05 60.00
determination
T_CB Faulty Time setting for spring charging 1 s 0.50 60.00
Times_AR auto-reclosing number 1 1 4
T_Syn Check Time setting for synchronization check 0.05 s 0.00 60.00
time setting for exiting synchronization
T_MaxSynExt 10 s 0.05 60.00
check
Time setting for preparing for future
T_AR Reset 3 s 0.50 60.00
reclosing
Time setting for blocking AR of tie breaker
T_WaitMaster 20 s 0.01 60.00
by AR of side breaker
Table 122 Auto-reclosing binary setting list
Abbr. Description Default Unit Min. Max.

Single phase mode for auto-reclosing
AR_1p mode 1 0 1
function
Three phase mode for auto-reclosing
AR_3p mode 0 0 1
function
One and three phase mode for
AR_1p(3p) mode 0 0 1
auto-reclosing function
AR_Disable auto-reclosing function disabled 0 0 1
Override mode for AR enabled or
AR_Override 1 0 1
disabled
AR_EnergChkDLLB Checking dead line live bus for AR 0
AR_EnergChkLLDB Checking live line dead bus for AR 0
AR_EnergChkDLDB Checking dead line dead bus for AR 0
Synchronization check for AR
AR_Syn check 0 0 1
enabled or disabled
Three phase voltage check for single
AR_Chk3PVol 0 0 1
phase AR
AR Final Trip Final trip by AR 0 0 1
1P CBOpen Init AR AR initiated by single phase CB open 0 0 1
3P CBOpen Init AR AR initiated by three phase CB open 0 0 1
Mode_3/2CB One and a half breaker arrangement 0 0 1
CB_Master Side breaker or tie breaker 0 0 1
172
1.5 Reports
1st Reclose First reclose
2nd Reclose Second reclose
3rd Reclose Third reclose
4th Reclose Fourth reclose
1Ph Trip Init AR Auto-reclose by one phase trip
1Ph CBO Init AR Auto-reclose by one phase breaker opening
1Ph CBO Blk AR Auto-reclose blocked by one phase breaker opening
3Ph Trip Init AR Auto-reclose initiated by three phase trip
3Ph CBO Init AR Auto-reclose initiated by three phase breaker opening
3Ph CBO Blk AR Auto-reclose blocked by three phase trip
AR Block Auto-reclose blocked
BI MC/AR BLOCK Auto-reclose BI blocked
AR Success Auto-reclose success
AR Final Trip Final trip for auto-reclose
AR in progress Auto-reclose is in progress
AR Failure Auto-reclosing failed
Relay Reset Relay reset
AR Mode Alarm Auto-reclosing mode alarm
1.6 Technical data
NOTE:
173
Table 125 Technical data for auto-reclosing function

Number of reclosing shots Up to 4
Shot 1 to 4 is individually
selectable
AR initiating functions Internal protection functions
External binary input
Dead time, separated setting 0.05 s to 60.00 s, step 0.01 s ≤ ± 1 % setting value or +50
for shots 1 to 4 ms
Reclaim time 0.50 s to 60.00s, step 0.01 s
Blocking duration time (AR 0.05 s to 60.00s, step 0.01 s
reset time)
Circuit breaker ready 0.50 s to 60.00 s, step 0.01 s
supervision time
Dead time extension for 0.05 s to 60.00 s, step 0.01 s
synch-check (Max. SYNT
EXT)
174
for manual close
Chapter 20 Synchro-check and

energizing check function
for manual close
About this chapter

in synchro-check and energizing check function for manual
close.
175
for manual close
1 Synchro-check and energizing check
function for manual close
1.1 Introduction
The synchronism and voltage check function ensures that the stability of the
network is not endangered when switching a line onto a busbar manually. The
voltage of the feeder to be energized is compared to that of the busbar to
check conformances in terms of magnitude, phase angle and frequency
within certain tolerances.
The synchro-check function checks whether the voltages on both sides of the
circuit breaker are synchronize, or at least one side is dead to ensure closing
can be done safely.
When comparing the two voltages, the synchro check uses the voltages from
busbar and outgoing feeder. If the voltage transformers for the protective
functions are connected to the line side, the reference voltage has to be
connected to a busbar voltage.
If the voltage transformers for the protective functions are connected to the
busbar side, the reference voltage has to be connected to a line voltage.
Note:
 The reference voltage (single phase voltage) must be phase to earth

voltage.
 The voltage phase for synchro-check and energizing check should be set
by user.
 “T_Syn Check” begins after binary input “BI_MC Syn Request”

lasting100ms
 Regardless of CB position, the ‘’MC SynChk Meet’’ or “MC EnergChk Meet”

output will dropout immediately when binary input “BI_MC Syn Request”
changes from 1 to 0. If this binary input doesn’t change, and CB is
detected in closed position for 40ms, the output will dropout 500ms later.
176
for manual close
Synchro-check function can operate in several modes of operation, including

full synchro-check mode, energizing mode (dead line or bus check) and
override (synchro-check bypass) mode. The selected phase for checking is
set by “MC_Syn Chk UA”, “MC_Syn Chk UB”, “MC_Syn Chk UC”, “MC_Syn
Chk UAB”, “MC_Syn Chk UBC” and “MC_Syn Chk UCA”.
1.2.1 Synchro-check mode
The voltage difference, frequency difference and phase angle difference

values are measured in the IED and are available for the synchro-check
function for evaluation.
The function is enabled when binary setting “Func_MC” is set as 1. In this

case, when the binary input “BI_MC Syn Request” change from 0 to 1, and
there is no current exists, the synchronization conditions will be checked
continuously. If the line voltages and busbar voltages are larger than the
value of “MC_Umin_Syn” and meet the synchronization conditions, manual
close can be performed.
When the current is determined as not existence and “BI_MC Syn Request”
change from 0 to 1, synchronization request will be initiated and the
synchronization conditions are continuously checked to be met for a certain
time during maximal extended time “MC_T_MaxSynExt”. By satisfying
synch-check condition in this period, the monitor timer will stop and close
command will be issued for MC.
Before releasing a close command at synchronization conditions, all of the

following conditions should be satisfied:
 All three phases voltage U(a,b,c) should be above the setting value
“MC_Umin_Syn”.
 The reference voltage should be above the setting value

“MC_Umin_Syn”.
 The voltage difference should be within the permissible deviation

“MC_U_Syn Diff”
 The angle difference should be within the permissible deviation

“MC_Angle_Syn Diff”
177
for manual close
 The frequency difference should be within the permissible deviation
“MC_Freq_Syn Diff”
Figure 56”MC SynChk Meet” or “MC EnergChk Meet” output dropouts after certain period
when CB is detected in closed position
Figure 57 ”MC SynChk Meet” or “MC EnergChk Meet” output dropouts when “BI_MC Syn
Request” changes from 1 to 0
178
for manual close
Figure 58 Sequence diagram, successful synchronizing for MC
Figure 59 Sequence diagram, failed synchronizing for MC
1.2.2 Energizing ckeck mode
In this mode of operation, the low voltage (dead) condition is checked

continuously whenever synchronization check is requested. If the line
voltages are less than “MC_Umax_Energ”, manual close can be performed. If
the line voltages and busbar voltages are all larger than “MC_Umin_Syn”, the
check mode will automatically turn to full synchronization check mode.
179
for manual close
In manual close procedure, synchronization check request is triggered when
the current is determined as not existence and “BI_MC Syn Request” change
from 0 to 1. If the low voltage conditions are continuously met for a certain
period and during maximum extended time “MC_T_MaxSynExt”, the monitor
timer will stop and close command will be issued for manual close.
Before releasing a close command in low voltage conditions, one of the

following conditions need to be checked according to requirement:
 Energizing check for dead line and live bus for MC enabled or disabled,
when the control word “MC_ EnergChkDLLB” is on
 Energizing check for live line and live bus for MC enabled or disabled,
when the control word “MC_ EnergChkLLDB” is on
 Energizing check for dead line and dead bus for MC enabled or disabled,
when the control word “MC_ EnergChkDLDB” is on
1.2.3 Override mode
In this mode, close command will be released without any check after
“T_Syn Check” expiration. At the same time, binary outputs “MC SynChk
Meet” and “MC EnergChk Meet” are issued
Figure 60 Sequence diagram, override mode
1.3 Typical connection
The following diagram illustrates typical connection between the IED MC

output and external control circuit in substation secondary control system..
180
for manual close
Figure 61 MC output connections in substation secondary control system
181
for manual close
1.3.1 Logic diagram
Figure 62 Logic diagram for synchro-check function
182
for manual close
Signal Description
UP1 Phase-A voltage input

UP2 Phase-B voltage input
UP3 Phase-C voltage input
UPX Reference voltage input
Signal Description
MC Syn Request MC Synchronization Request
Signal Description
MC SynChk Meet MC synchronization check meet
MC EnergChk Meet MC energizing check meet
1.5.1 Setting lists
Table 129 Synchro-check function setting list
Default
Min. Max.
Setting Unit setting Description
(Ir:5A/1A) (Ir:5A/1A)
(Ir:5A/1A)
MC_Angle_ angle difference threshold
Degree 1 80 30
Syn Diff of synchronizing
MC_U_Syn voltage difference threshold
V 1 40 10
Diff of synchronizing
183
for manual close
Default
Min. Max.
Setting Unit setting Description
(Ir:5A/1A) (Ir:5A/1A)
(Ir:5A/1A)
MC_Freq_S frequency difference
Hz 0.02 2 0.05
yn Diff threshold of synchronizing
MC_T_Syn
s 0 60 0.05 delay time of synchronizing
Check
MC_T_MaxS duration of quit
s 0.05 60 10
ynExt synchronizing
MC_Umin_S Minimum voltage of
V 30 65 40
yn synchronizing
MC_Umax_ Maximum voltage of
V 10 50 30
Energ energizing checking
Table 130 Synchro-check binary setting list
synchro-check and energizing check function for manual close

Func_MC
enabled or disabled
synchro-check and energizing check use phase A (phase to earth)
MC_Syn Chk UA
voltage
synchro-check and energizing check use phase B (phase to earth)
MC_Syn Chk UB
voltage
synchro-check and energizing check use phase C (phase to earth)
MC_Syn Chk UC
voltage
synchro-check and energizing check use phase AB (phase to
MC_Syn Chk UAB
phase) voltage
synchro-check and energizing check use phase BC (phase to
MC_Syn Chk UBC
phase) voltage
synchro-check and energizing check use phase CA (phase to
MC_Syn Chk UCA
phase) voltage
MC_Override Override mode for MC enabled or disabled
MC_EnergChkDLLB Dead line live bus of energizing check for MC enabled or disabled
MC_EnergChkLLDB Live line dead bus of energizing check for MC enabled or disabled
MC_EnergChkDLDB Dead line dead bus of energizing check for MC enabled or disabled
MC_Syn check Synchronization check for MC enabled or disabled
184
for manual close
1.5.2 Setting explanation
1) “MC_Angle_Syn Diff”：Maximum allowable phase difference between

bus voltage and line angle under synchronization check mode.
2) “MC_U_Syn Diff”：Maximum allowable phase difference between bus

voltage and line voltage under synchronization check mode.
3) “MC_Freq_Syn Diff”：Maximum allowable frequency difference

between bus voltage and line frequency under synchronization check
mode.
4) “MC_T_Syn Check”： delay time of synchronizing.
5) “MC_T_MaxSynExt”： Duration of quit synchronizing.
6) “MC_Umin_Syn”： Minimum voltage of synchronizing.
7) “MC_Umax_Energ”： Maximum voltage of energizing checking.
8) Bits of “MC_Override”, “MC_EnergChkDLLB”, “MC_EnergChkLLDB”,

“MC_EnergChkDLDB” and “MC_Syn check”: All of these modes are
manual close check modes. If anyone of them is set to “1”, the others
must be set to “0”.
9) “MC_Syn Chk UA”, “MC_Syn Chk UB”, “MC_Syn Chk UC”, “MC_Syn
Chk UAB”, “MC_Syn Chk UBC” and “MC_Syn Chk UCA”: All these are
selected voltage for determination. If anyone of them is set to “1”, the
others must be set to “0”.
1.6 Reports
MC_Syn Request Begin to synchronization check
MC_EnergChk OK Energizing check OK
MC_Syn Failure Synchronization check timeout
MC_Syn OK Synchronization check OK
MC_Vdiff fail Voltage difference for synchronization check fail
MC_Fdiff fail Frequency difference for synchronization check fail
MC_Angdiff fail Angle difference for synchronization check fail
185
for manual close
MC_EnergChk fail Energizing check fail
MC_Override OK Override check OK
MCSyn Mode Alarm Binary setting of MC synchronization wrong
Table 133 Operation report list
Abbr. Meaning
Func_MC On Function MC On
MC SynChk On MC Synchronization check function on
MC EnergChk On MC Energizing check on
MC Override On MC Override check on
1.7 Technical data
Table 134 Synchro-check and voltage check technical data

Operating mode Synchronization check:
 Synch-check
 Energizing check, and
synch-check if energizing
check failure
 Override
Energizing check:
 Dead V4 and dead V3Ph
 Dead V4 and live V3Ph
 Live V4 and dead V3Ph
Voltage threshold of dead line 10 to 50 V (phase to earth), step ≤ ± 3 % setting or 1 V

or bus 1V
Voltage threshold of live line 30 to 65 V (phase to earth), step ≤ ± 3 % setting or 1 V
or bus 1V
∆V-measurement Voltage 1 to 40 V (phase-to-earth), steps ≤ ± 1V
difference 1V
Δf-measurement (f2>f1; 0.02 to 2.00 Hz, step, 0.01 Hz, ≤ ± 20 mHz
f2<f1)
186
for manual close
Δα-measurement (α2>α1; 1 ° to 80 °, step, 1 ° ≤ ± 3°
α2<α1)
Minimum measuring time 0.05 to 60.00 s, step,0.01 s ≤ ± 1.5 % setting value or
+60 ms
Maximum synch-check 0.05 to 60.00 s, step,0.01 s ≤ ± 1 % setting value or
extension time +50 ms
187
Chapter 21 Secondary system supervision
Chapter 21 Secondary system

supervision
About this chapter

in secondary system supervision function.
189
1 Current circuit supervision
1.1 Function description
Open or short circuited current transformer cores can cause unwanted

operation of many protection functions such as, earth fault current and
negative sequence current functions.
It must be remembered that a blocking of protection functions at an

occurring open CT circuit will mean that the situation will remain and
extremely high voltages will stress the secondary circuit.
To prevent IED from wrong trip, interruptions in the secondary circuits of

current transformers is detected and reported by the device. When the
zero-sequence current is always larger than the setting value of “3I0_CT
Fail” for 12s, “CT Fail” will be reported and each zone of zero-sequence
current protection will be blocked.
Signal Description
IN signal for zero sequence current input
Signal Description
CT Fail CT Fail
190
Table 137 CT failure function setting list

Maximum zero-sequence current of CT
3I0_CT Fail 0.2In A 0.05 10.00
fail to detect ct fail
Table 138 CT failure binary setting list

CT fail function enabled or
Func_CT Fail 1 0 1
disabled
3I0 is calculated or measured from
3I0 Calculated_CT Fail 0 0 1
CT for CT fail function
1.4 Reports
CT Fail CT fail
2 Fuse failure supervision
2.1 Introduction
In the event of a measured voltage failure due to a broken conductor or a

short circuit fault in the secondary circuit of voltage transformer, those
protection functions which are based on voltage criteria may be mistakenly
considered as a voltage of zero. VT failure supervision function is provided
to inform those functions about a voltage failure. VT supervision can be
used to monitor the voltage transformer circuit, single-phase VT failures,
two-phase or three-phase VT failures. Its main features are as:
 Symmetrical/Asymmetrical VT fail detection
 3-phase AC voltage MCB monitoring
 1-phase AC voltage MCB monitoring
 Applicable in solid, compensated or isolated networks
191
VT failure supervision function can be enabled or disabled through binary

setting “VT Fail”. By applying setting “1” to the binary setting, VT failure
supervision function would monitor the voltage transformer circuit. As
mentioned, the function is able to detect single-phase broken, two-phase
broken or three-phase broken faults in secondary circuit of voltage
transformer, if a three-phase connection is applied.
There are three main criteria for VT failure detection; the first is dedicated to
detect three-phase broken faults. The second and third ones are to detect
single or two-phase broken faults in solid earthed and isolated/resistance
earthed systems, respectively. A precondition to meet these three criteria is
that IED should not be picked up and the calculated zero sequence and
negative sequence currents should be less than setting of “3I02_ VT Fail”.
The criteria are as follows.
2.2.1 Three phases (symmetrical) VT Fail
The calculated zero sequence voltage 3U0 as well as maximum of three

phase-to-earth voltages is less than the setting of “Upe_VT Fail” and at the
same time, maximum of three phase currents is higher than setting of “I_
VT Fail”. This condition may correspond to three phase broken fault in
secondary circuit of the voltage transformer if no startup element has been
detected.
2.2.2 Single/two phases (asymmetrical) VT Fail
The calculated zero sequence voltage 3U0 is more than the setting of
“Upe_VT Fail”. This condition may correspond to single or two-phase
broken fault in secondary circuit of the voltage transformer, if the system
starpoint is solidly earthed and no startup element has been detected.
The calculated zero sequence voltage 3U0 is more than the setting of
“Upe_VT Fail”, and at the same time, the difference between the maximum
and minimum phase-to-phase voltages is more than the setting of “Upp_VT
Fail”. This condition may correspond to single or two-phase broken fault in
secondary circuit of the voltage transformer, if the system starpoint is
isolated or resistance earthed and no startup element has been detected.
In addition to the mentioned conditions, IED has the capability to be

informed about the VT MCB failure through its binary inputs “V3p MCB Fail”
192
and “V1p MCB Fail”. In this context, VT fail is detected, if the respective
binary input is active.
2.2.3 Logic diagram
If VT failure supervision detects a failure in voltage transformer secondary

circuit, either by means of the above mentioned criteria or reception of a VT
MCB fail indication, all the protection functions, which are based on
direction component or low voltage criteria, will be blocked. Furthermore,
Alarm report “VT fail” is issued after 10s delay time. The blocking condition
would be removed if one of the following conditions is met within the 10 sec
delay time (previous to Alarm “VT fail”).
Without IED pickup, minimum phase voltage becomes more than setting of
“Upe_VT Normal” for 500ms.
Without IED pickup, minimum phase voltage becomes more than setting of
“Upe_VT Normal” and at the same time, the calculated zero sequence and
negative sequence current of corresponding side becomes more than the
setting of “3I02_ VT Fail”.
Subsequent to VT fail alarm, the blocking condition of respective protection

functions would be removed if without IED pickup, the minimum phase
voltage becomes more than the setting of “Upe_VT Normal” for a duration
more than 10 sec.
193
Figure 63 VT fail blocking/unblocking logic
194
Signal Description
IN Signal for zero sequence current input
Signal Description
V3P MCB Fail Three phase MCB VT fail
Signal Description
VT Fail VT Fail
Table 143 Fuse failure supervision function setting list

Maximum current of VT fail to detect
I_VT Fail 0.1In A 0.05 1.00
VT fail
Maximum zero- and negative-
3I02_VT Fail sequence current of VT fail to detect 0.1In A 0.05 1.00
VT fail
Upe_VT Fail Maximum phase to earth voltage of 8 V 7.00 20.00
195

VT fail to detect VT fail
Maximum phase to phase voltage
Upp_VT Fail 16 V 10.00 30.00
of VT fail to detect VT fail
Minimum normal phase to earth
Upe_VT Normal voltage of VT normal to detect VT 40 V 40.00 65.00
fail
Table 144 Fuse failure supervision function setting list

VT Fail VT failure enabled or disabled 1 0 1
Solid Earthed The system is solid earthed system 1 0 1
2.5 Reports
VT Fail VT fail
V3P_MCB VT Fail Three phase MCB VT fail
2.6 Technical data
NOTE:
Table 146 Technical data for VT secondary circuit supervision
Item Range or value Tolerances

Minimum current 0.08Ir to 0.20Ir, step 0.01A ≤ ±3% setting or ±0.02Ir
Minimum zero or negative 0.08Ir to 0.20Ir, step 0.01A ≤ ±5% setting or ±0.02Ir
sequence current
Maximum phase to earth 7.0V to 20.0V, step 0.01V ≤ ±3% setting or ±1 V
voltage
Maximum phase to phase 10.0V to 30.0V, step 0.01V ≤ ±3% setting or ±1 V
voltage
Normal phase to earth 40.0V to 65.0V, step 0.01V ≤ ±3% setting or ±1 V
voltage
196
Chapter 22 Single-phase voltage connection
Chapter 22 Single-phase voltage

connection
About this chapter
This chapter describes the application of protection in

single-phase voltage connection.
197
1 Introduction
When the logic switch "1PhVolt Connect" is set to 1, the auto-reclosing
function supports single-phase voltage connection. The phase of
single-phase voltage connection is calculated by the setting of
"Phase_1PhVoltCon". When "Phase_1PhVoltCon" is 1, the phase A
voltage connection is supported; "Phase_1PhVoltCon" is 2, the phase B
voltage connection is supported; "Phase_1PhVoltCon" is 3, the phase C
voltage connection is supported.
Under single-phase voltage connection mode, it is suggested that:
 Disable undervoltage protection function.
 Disable zero sequence voltage protection function.
 Disable the direction detection component of current-mode protection

function, for example, over-current protection function "OC1 Direction" is
0.
 If the overvoltage protection function is enabled, it is suggested that "OV

Chk PE" is 1.
 It is suggested to disable the function of VT failure, and "Func_VT Fail" is

0. If the VT failure function is enabled, only the single-phase VT failure
logic of the grounding system is detected when the single-phase voltage
is connected, and the VT failure logic of the non-grounding system is
detected by binary input "V3P MCB Fail".
2 Setting parameter
Table 147 Setting list of single-phase voltage connection
Default
Setting Description Unit Minimum value Maximum value
value
Connection phase
for single-phase
Phase_1PhVoltCon voltage (1: phase 1 1 3
A, 2: phase B, 3:
phase C)
198
Table 148 Logic switch list of single-phase voltage connection
Default
Setting Description Minimum value Maximum value
value
Single-phase voltage
1PhVolt Connect connection/Three-phase 0 0 1
voltages connection
199
Chapter 23 Monitoring
About this chapter

in monitoring function.
201
1 Synchro-check reference voltage

supervision
If the automatic reclosing is set for synchronization check or energizing
check, during the automatic reclosing period, the synchronization condition
of the voltages between both sides of CB cannot be met, an alarm will be
issued after default time delay.
2 Check auxiliary contact of circuit breaker

Current flowing through the transmission line and connected CB aux.
contacts are monitored in phase segregated. Therefore, the conflict
condition is reported as alarm. For example, If CB aux. contacts indicate
that CB is open in phase A and at the same time flowing current is
measured in this phase, related alarm is reported
202
Chapter 24 Station communication
About this chapter
This chapter describes the communication possibilities in a

SA-system.
203
1 Overview
Each IED is provided with a communication interface, enabling it to connect
to one or many substation level systems or equipment.
Following communication protocols are available:
 IEC 61850-8-1 communication protocol
 60870-5-103 communication protocol
The IED is able to connect to one or more substation level systems or

equipments simultaneously, through the communication ports with
communication protocols supported.
1.1 Protocol
1.1.1 IEC61850-8 communication protocol
IEC 61850-8-1 allows two or more intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) from
one or several vendors to exchange information and to use it in the
performance of their functions and for correct co-operation.
GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event), which is a part of IEC

61850-8-1 standard, allows the IEDs to communicate state and control
information amongst themselves, using a publish-subscribe mechanism.
That is, upon detecting an event, the IED(s) use a multi-cast transmission
to notify those devices that have registered to receive the data. An IED can,
by publishing a GOOSE message, report its status. It can also request a
control action to be directed at any device in the network.
1.1.2 IEC60870-5-103 communication protocol
The IEC 60870-5-103 communication protocol is mainly used when a

protection IED communicates with a third party control or monitoring
system. This system must have software that can interpret the IEC
60870-5-103 communication messages.
The IEC 60870-5-103 is an unbalanced (master-slave) protocol for

coded-bit serial communication exchanging information with a control
system. In IEC terminology a primary station is a master and a secondary
204
station is a slave. The communication is based on a point-to-point principle.

The master must have software that can interpret the IEC 60870-5-103
communication messages. For detailed information about IEC 60870-5-103,
refer to the “IEC60870 standard” part 5: “Transmission protocols”, and to
the section 103: “Companion standard for the informative interface of
protection equipment”.
1.2 Communication port
1.2.1 Front communication port
There is a serial RS232 port on the front plate of all the IEDs. Through this
port, the IED can be connected to the personal computer for setting, testing,
and configuration using the dedicated Sifang software tool.
1.2.2 RS485 communication ports
Up to 2 isolated electrical RS485 communication ports are provided to

connect with substation automation system. These two ports can work in
parallel for IEC60870-5-103.
1.2.3 Ethernet communication ports
Up to 3 electrical or optical Ethernet communication ports are provided to

connect with substation automation system. These two out of three ports
can work in parallel for protocol, IEC61850 or IEC60870-5-103.
1.3 Technical data
Table 147 Front communication port
Item Data
Number 1
Connection Isolated, RS232; front panel,
9-pin subminiature connector, for software tools
Communication speed 9600 baud
Max. length of communication cable 15m
205
Table 148 RS485 communication ports
Item Data
Number 0 to 2
Connection 2-wire connector
Rear port in communication module
Max. length of communication cable 1.0 km
Test voltage 500V AC against earth
For IEC 60870-5-103 protocol
Communication speed Factory setting 9600 baud,
Min. 1200 baud, Max. 19200 baud
Table 149 Ethernet communication port
Item Data
Electrical communication port
Number 0 to 3
Connection RJ45 connector
For IEC 61850 protocol
Communication speed 100 Mbit/s
Optical communication port ( optional )
Number 0 to 2
Connection SC connector
Optical cable type Multi-mode
Max. length of communication cable 2.0km
IEC 61850 protocol
Table 150 Time synchronization
Item Data
Mode Pulse mode
IRIG-B signal format IRIG-B000
206
Item Data
Voltage levels differential input
1.4 Typical substation communication scheme
Figure 64 Connection example for multi-networks of station automation system
1.5 Typical time synchronizing scheme
All IEDs feature a permanently integrated electrical time synchronization port.

It can be used to feed timing telegrams in IRIG-B or pulse format into the
IEDs via time synchronization receivers. The IED can adapt the second or
minute pulse in the pulse mode automatically.
Meanwhile, SNTP network time synchronization can be applied.
Figure 65 illustrates the optional time synchronization modes.
207
Figure 65 Time synchronizing modes
208
Chapter 25 Hardware
Chapter 25 Hardware
About this chapter
This chapter describes the IED hardware.
209
Chapter 25 Hardware
1 Introduction
1.1 IED structure
The enclosure for IED is 19 inches in width and 4U in height.
 The equipment is flush mounting with panel cutout and cabinet.
 Connection terminals to other system on the rear.
 The front panel of equipment is aluminum alloy by founding in integer

and overturn downwards. LCD, LED and setting keys are mounted on
the panel. There is a serial interface on the panel suitable for
connecting a PC.
 Draw-out modules for serviceability are fixed by lock component.
 The modules can be combined through the bus on the rear board. Both
the equipment and the other system can be combined through the rear
interfaces.
1.2 IED module arrangement
Figure 66 Rear view of the protection IED
210
Chapter 25 Hardware
2 Local human-machine interface
2.1 Introduction
The HMI is simple and easy to be used for routine operation, the front panel
of the HMI consists of LCD, LED and keyboard. As shown in the following
picture, the setting, configuration, monitoring, maintenance and fault
analysis can be performed in HMI.
Figure 67 IED front plate with 8 LEDs
Figure 68 IED front plate with 20 LEDs
211
Chapter 25 Hardware
1. Liquid crystal display (LCD)
2. LEDs
3. Shortcut function keys
4. Arrow keys
5. Reset key
6. Quit key
7. Set key
8. RS232 communication port
2.2 Liquid crystal display (LCD)
The LCD back light of HMI is blue, 8 lines with up to 28 characteristics per line
can be displayed.
When operating keys or IED alarming or operating, the back light will turn on
automatically until the preset time delay elapse of latest operation or alarm.
2.3 LED
The definitions of the LEDs are fixed and described below for 8 LEDs.
Table 151 Definition of 8 LEDs
No LED Color Description
Steady lighting: Operation normally

1 Run Green
Flashing: IED startup
Steady lighting: Alarm II, meaning abnormal situation,

only the faulty function is out of service. Power supply
for tripping output is not blocked.
8 Alarm Red
Flashing: Alarm I, meaning severe internal fault, all
protections are out of service. And power supply for
tripping outputs is blocked as well.
The definitions of the LEDs are fixed and described below for 20 LEDs.
212
Chapter 25 Hardware
Table 152 Definition of 20 LEDs
No LED Color Description
Steady lighting: Operation normally

1 Run Green
Flashing: IED startup
Steady lighting: Alarm II, meaning abnormal situation, only
the faulty function is out of service. Power supply for tripping
output is not blocked.
11 Alarm Red
Flashing: Alarm I, meaning severe internal fault, all
protections are out of service. And power supply for tripping
outputs is blocked as well.
The other LEDs which are not described above can be configured.
2.4 Keyboard
The keyboard is used to monitor and operate IED. The keyboard has the
same look and feel in CSC family. As shown in Figure 67, keyboard is
divided into Arrow keys, Reset key, Quit key, Set key and shortcut function
keys. The specific instructions on the keys as the following table described:
Table 153 HMI keys on the front of the IED
Key Function
Up arrow key  Move up in menu
 Page up between screens
 Increase value in setting
Down arrow key  Move down in menu
 Page down between screens
 Decrease value in setting
Left arrow key Move left in menu
Right arrow key Move Right in menu
Reset key  Reset the LEDs
 Return to normal scrolling display state directly
Set key  Enter main menu or submenu
 Confirm the setting change
Quit key  Back to previous menu
 Cancel the current operation and back to previous menu
 Return to scrolling display state
 Lock or unlock current display in the scrolling display state (the
lock state is indicated by a key type icon on the upright corner of
the LCD)
213
Chapter 25 Hardware
2.5 IED menu
2.5.1 Menu construction
Table 154 Full name for the menu
Sub-menu Full name Sub-sub-sub menu Full name

AI Analog input
Version IED version
BI Binary input
Status Operation status
Status Operation status
EquipCode Equipment code
Measure Measurement quantity
Reports Reports search EventRpt Event reports
214
Chapter 25 Hardware
Sub-menu Full name Sub-sub-sub menu Full name

AlarmRpt Alarm reports
StartRpt Startup Rpt
Log Operation logging
Cur Time Current time
Set time Setting time
Set Time Set time
Contrast LCD contrast TestEffect Test effect
CommuPara Communication parameter
ProtSet Protection setting
Settings Setting value
EquipPara Equipment parameter
PortContwd Protection binary setting
SOE_Reset SOE reset selection
ModifyPW Modify password
Setup IED setting SetPrint Setting the print
Protocol Protocol selection
103Type 103 function type
Test BO Test binary output
SimuReSig Simulation remote signalization
ViewDrift View zero drift
ViewScale View scale
Testing Testing operation PrtSample Print sample value
SwSetGr Switch setting group
AdjDrift Adjust zero drift
AdjScale Adjust scale
2.5.2 Operation status
Table 155 Operation status
Sub menu Sub-sub Sub-sub-sub Explanation

menu menu
AI Read the secondary analogue of the
selected CPU module
Version Read the IED type, date and CPU version
BI Read the current status of binary inputs,
“Off” or “On”
Status Status Read the monitoring value of hardware,
Including:
 Current temperature of IED
 Voltage of binary input 1
 Voltage of binary input 2
 Voltage of binary output
215
Chapter 25 Hardware
Sub menu Sub-sub Sub-sub-sub Explanation

menu menu
EquipCode Read the versions, released time and CSC
code of all modules
Measure Read the analogue value and calculation
value
2.5.3 Reports search
Table 156 Reports search
Sub Sub-sub-sub
Sub-sub menu Explanation
menu menu
Search the latest event report, press the Set
Latest Rpt
key to see the report
Search the latest six event reports, press the
EventRpt Last 6 Rpts
Set key to see the report
Search by
Search the reports by date
Date
Search the latest six alarm reports, press the
Last 6 Rpts
AlarmRpt
Search by
Date
Reports
Query the latest event report, press the Set
Latest Rpt
key to see the report
Query the latest six event reports, press the
StartRpt Last 6 Rpts
QueryRpt by
Query the reports by date
Date
Search the latest six operation reports, press
Last 6 Rpts
the Set key to see the report
Log
Search by
Date
2.5.4 Set time
Table 157 Set time
Sub-sub Sub-sub-sub
Sub menu Explanation
menu menu
Cur Time
Set time Modify the time with arrow keys
Set Time
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Chapter 25 Hardware
2.5.5 Contrast
Table 158 Contrast
Sub-sub Sub-sub-sub
menu menu
Contrast TestEffect Modify the contrast with arrow keys
2.5.6 Settings
Table 159 Settings
Sub Sub-sub-sub
menu menu
BayName Enter into the line name
TimeMode  NetworkTimeMode
 PulseTimeMode
 IRIG-B TimeMode
EquipAddr
Settings CommuPara BaudR485 Selection with up or down buttons
Voltage
Reclose
Common
Current
CBF
EquipPara
PortContwd
2.5.7 IED setting
Table 160 IED setting
Sub-sub Sub-sub-sub
menu menu
Manual Reset
SOE_Reset
Automatic Reset
ModifyPW The fatory password: 8888
Setup
103Type IEC60870-5-103 code
Protocol If communication with automation system
via RS485 port, this item can be ignored
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Chapter 25 Hardware
2.5.8 Test binary output
Table 161 IED setting
Sub Sub-sub-sub
menu menu
Test BO
2.5.9 Testing operation
Table 162 Testing operation
Sub Sub-sub-sub
menu menu
Simu Alarm
Simu Linker
TransRecData
SimuReSig Simu Trip Using“√” or “X” to select the simulation point
Simu BI
Simu MST
Testing Alarm
ViewDrift
ViewScale
PrtSample
Enter into the CPU number
SwSetGr
AdjDrift
AdjScale
3 Analog input module
3.1 Introduction
The AI module functions are to transform the secondary signals, from voltage
and current transformers in power system, into weak electric signals, and
perform isolation and anti-interference.
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Chapter 25 Hardware
3.2 Terminals of analog input module
Terminals of Analogue Input Module B
Figure 69 Terminals arrangement of AIM B
Table 163 Description of terminals of AIM B
Terminal Analogue Input Remark
a01 IA Star point

b01 I’A
a02 IB Star point
b02 I’B
a03 IC Star point
b03 I’C
a04 I’N
b04 IN Star point
a05 Null
b05 Null
a06 Null
b06 Null
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Chapter 25 Hardware
a07 Null
b07 Null
a08 Null
b08 Null
a09 Null
b09 Null
a10 Null
b10 Null
a11 Null
b11 Null
a12 Null
b12 Null
Terminals of Analogue Input Module E
Figure 70 Terminals arrangement of AIM E
220
Chapter 25 Hardware
Table 164 Description of terminals of AIM E
a01 IA Star point

b01 I’A
a02 IB Star point
b02 I’B
a03 IC Star point
b03 I’C
a04 I’N
b04 IN Star point
a05 I’5
b05 I5 Star point
a06 Null
b06 Null
a07 Null
b07 Null
a08 Null
b08 Null
a09 Null
b09 Null
a10 U4 Star point
b10 U’4
a11 UB Star point
b11 UC Star point
a12 UA Star point
b12 UN
3.3 Technical data
Table 165 current transformer
Item Standard Data

Rated current Ir IEC 60255-1 1 or 5 A
Nominal current range 0.05 Ir to 30 Ir
Nominal current range of 0.005 to 1 A
sensitive CT
221
Chapter 25 Hardware
Item Standard Data

Power consumption (per ≤ 0.1 VA at Ir = 1 A;
phase) ≤ 0.5 VA at Ir = 5 A
≤ 0.5 VA for sensitive CT
Thermal overload capability IEC 60255-1 100 Ir for 1 s
IEC 60255-27 4 Ir continuous
Thermal overload capability for IEC 60255-27 100 A for 1 s
sensitive CT DL/T 478-2013 3 A continuous
Table 166Internal voltage transformer
Item Standard Data

Rated voltage Vr (ph-ph) IEC 60255-1 100 V /110 V
Nominal range (ph-e) 0.4 V to 120 V
Power consumption at Vr = 110 IEC 60255-27 ≤ 0.1 VA per phase
V DL/T 478-2001
Thermal overload capability IEC 60255-27 2 Vr, for 10s
(phase-neutral voltage) DL/T 478-2013 1.5 Vr, continuous
4 Communication module
4.1 Introduction
The communication module performs communication between the internal

protection system and external equipments such as HMI, engineering
workstation, substation automation system, RTU, etc., to transmit remote
metering, remote signaling, SOE, event reports and record data.
222
Chapter 25 Hardware
4.2 Terminals of Communication module
Figure 71 Terminals arrangement of COM
Table 167 Definition of terminals of COM
Terminal Definition
01 Null
02 Null
03 Null
04 Null
05 Optional RS485 port - 2B
06 Optional RS485 port - 2A
07 Optional RS485 port - 1B
08 Optional RS485 port - 1A
09 Time synchronization
10 Time synchronization GND
11 Null
12 Null
13 Null
223
Chapter 25 Hardware
Terminal Definition
14 Null
15 Null
16 Null
Ethernet Optional optical fiber or RJ45 port for station
Port A automation system
Port B automation system
Port C automation system
4.3 Substaion communication port
There is a serial RS232 port on the front plate of all the IEDs. Through this
port, the IED can be connected to the personal computer for setting, testing,
and configuration using the dedicated Sifang software tool.
Up to 2 isolated electrical RS485 communication ports are provided to

connect with substation automation system. These two ports can work in
parallel for IEC60870-5-103.
4.3.3 Ethernet communication ports
Up to 3 electrical or optical Ethernet communication ports are provided to

connect with substation automation system. Two out of these three ports
can work in parallel for protocol, IEC61850 or IEC60870-5-103.
4.3.4 Time synchronization port
All IEDs feature a permanently integrated electrical time synchronization

port. It can be used to feed timing telegrams in IRIG-B or pulse format into
the IEDs via time synchronization receivers. The IED can adapt the second
or minute pulse in the pulse mode automatically.
224
Chapter 25 Hardware
Meanwhile, SNTP network time synchronization can also be applied.
4.4 Technical data
Table 168 Front communication port
Item Data
Number 1
Connection Isolated, RS232; front panel,
9-pin subminiature connector, for software
tools
Communication speed 9600 baud
Max. length of communication cable 15 m
Table 169 RS485 communication port
Item Data
Number 0 to 2
Max. length of communication cable 1.0 km
Test voltage 500 V AC against earth
Communication speed Factory setting 9600 baud,
Min. 1200 baud, Max. 19200 baud
Table 170 Ethernet communication port
Item Data
Electrical communication port
Number 0 to 3
Connection RJ45 connector
For IEC 61850 protocol
Optical communication port ( optional )
225
Chapter 25 Hardware
Item Data
Number 0 to 2
Connection SC connector
Optical cable type Multi-mode
Max. length of communication cable 2.0km
IEC 61850 protocol
Table 171 Time synchronization
Item Data
Mode Pulse mode
IRIG-B signal format IRIG-B000
Voltage levels differential input
5 Binary input module
5.1 Introduction
The binary input module is used to connect the input signals and alarm
signals such as the auxiliary contacts of the circuit breaker (CB), etc.
226
Chapter 25 Hardware
5.2 Terminals of Binary Input Module
Figure 72 Terminals arrangement of BIM A
Table 172 Definition of terminals of BIM A
Terminal Definition Remark
a02 BI1 BI group 1

c02 BI2 BI group 2
a04 BI3 BI group 1
c04 BI4 BI group 2
a06 BI5 BI group 1
c06 BI6 BI group 2
a08 BI7 BI group 1
c08 BI8 BI group 2
a10 BI9 BI group 1
227
Chapter 25 Hardware
Terminal Definition Remark
c10 BI10 BI group 2

a12 BI11 BI group 1
c12 BI12 BI group 2
a14 BI13 BI group 1
c14 BI14 BI group 2
a16 BI15 BI group 1
c16 BI16 BI group 2
a18 BI17 BI group 1
c18 BI18 BI group 2
a20 BI19 BI group 1
c20 BI20 BI group 2
a22 BI21 BI group 1
c22 BI22 BI group 2
a24 BI23 BI group 1
c24 BI24 BI group 2
a26 BI25 BI group 1
c26 BI26 BI group 2
a28 BI27 BI group 1
c28 BI28 BI group 2
a30 BI29 BI group 1
c30 BI30 BI group 2
Common terminal of
a32 DC - Input
BI group 1
Common terminal of
c32 DC - Input
BI group 2
5.3 Technical data
Table 173 Technical data
Item Standard Data

Input voltage range IEC60255-1 110/125 V
220/250 V
Threshold1: guarantee IEC60255-1 154V, for 220/250V
operation 77V, for 110V/125V
228
Chapter 25 Hardware
Item Standard Data

Threshold2: uncertain IEC60255-1 132V, for 220/250V ;
operation 66V, for 110V/125V
Software provides de-bounce
Response time/reset time IEC60255-1
time
Power consumption, IEC60255-1 Max. 0.5 W/input, 110V
energized Max. 1 W/input, 220V
6 Binary output module
6.1 Introduction
The binary output modules mainly provide tripping output contacts, initiating
output contacts and signaling output contacts. All the tripping output relays
have contacts with a high switching capacity and are blocked by protection
startup elements.
Each output relay can be configured to satisfy the demands of users.
6.2 Terminals of Binary Output Module
Binary Output Module A
The module provides 16 output relays for tripping or initiating, with total 16
contacts.
229
Chapter 25 Hardware
Figure 73 Terminals arrangement of BOM A
Table 174 Definition of terminals of BOM A
Terminal Definition Related relay
a02 Trip contact 1-0 Output relay 1

c02 Trip contact 1-1 Output relay 1
230
Chapter 25 Hardware

Binary Output Module C
The module provides 16 output relays for signal, with total 19 contacts.
231
Chapter 25 Hardware
Figure 74 Terminals arrangement of BOM C
Table 175 Definition of terminals of BOM C
a02 Signal 1-0, Common terminal of signal contact group 1

c02 Signal 2-0, Common terminal of signal contact group 2
a04 Signal contact 1-1 Output relay 1
c04 Signal contact 2-1 Output relay 1
232
Chapter 25 Hardware

a10 Signal 3-0, Common terminal of signal contact group 3
c10 Signal 4-0, Common terminal of signal contact group 4
6.3 Technical data
Item Standard Data

Max. system voltage IEC60255-1 250V /~
Current carrying capacity IEC60255-1 5 A continuous,
30A，200ms ON, 15s OFF
Making capacity IEC60255-1 1100 W( ) at inductive load
233
Chapter 25 Hardware
Item Standard Data

with L/R>40 ms
1000 VA(AC)
Breaking capacity IEC60255-1 220V , 0.15A, at L/R≤40 ms
110V , 0.30A, at L/R≤40 ms
Mechanical endurance, IEC60255-1 50,000,000 cycles (3 Hz
Unloaded switching frequency)
Mechanical endurance, making IEC60255-1 ≥1000 cycles
Mechanical endurance, IEC60255-1 ≥1000 cycles

breaking
Specification state verification IEC60255-1 UL/CSA、TŰV
IEC60255-23
IEC61810-1
Contact circuit resistance IEC60255-1 30mΩ
measurement IEC60255-23
IEC61810-1
Open Contact insulation test IEC60255-1 AC1000V 1min
(AC Dielectric strength) IEC60255-27
Maximum temperature of parts IEC60255-1 55℃
and materials
7 Power supply module
7.1 Introduction
The power supply module is used to provide the correct internal voltages and
full isolation between the terminal and the battery system.
234
Chapter 25 Hardware
7.2 Terminals of Power Supply Module
Figure 75 Terminals arrangement of PSM
Table 177 Definition of terminals of PSM
Terminal Definition
a02 AUX.DC 24V+ output 1

c02 AUX.DC 24V+ output 2
a04 AUX.DC 24V+ output 3
c04 AUX.DC 24V+ output 4
a06 Isolated terminal, not wired
c06 Isolated terminal, not wired
a08 AUX.DC 24V- output 1
c08 AUX.DC 24V- output 2
235
Chapter 25 Hardware
Terminal Definition

Alarm contact A1, for
a14
AUX.DC power input failure
Alarm contact A0, for
c14
Alarm contact B1, for
a16
Alarm contact B0, for
c16
a20 AUX. power input 1, DC +
c20 AUX. power input 2, DC +
a22 AUX. power input 3, DC +
c22 AUX. power input 4, DC +
a26 AUX. power input 1, DC -
c26 AUX. power input 2, DC -
a28 AUX. power input 3, DC -
c28 AUX. power input 4, DC -
a32 Terminal for earthing
c32 Terminal for earthing
7.3 Technical data
Item Standard Data

Rated auxiliary voltage Uaux IEC60255-1 110 to 250V
Permissible tolerance IEC60255-1 ±%20 Uaux
Power consumption at IEC60255-1 ≤ 50 W per power supply
quiescent state module
236
Chapter 25 Hardware
Item Standard Data

Power consumption at IEC60255-1 ≤ 60 W per power supply
maximum load module
Inrush Current IEC60255-1 T ≤ 10 ms/I≤ 25 A per power
supply module,
8 Techinical data
8.1 Type tests
8.1.1 Product safety-related tests
Table 179 Product safety-related tests
Item Standard Data

Over voltage category IEC60255-27 Category III
Pollution degree IEC60255-27 Degree 2
Insulation IEC60255-27 Basic insulation
Degree of protection (IP) IEC60255-27 Front plate: IP40
IEC 60529 Rear, side, top and bottom: IP
30
Power frequency high voltage IEC 60255-5 2KV, 50Hz
withstand test EN 60255-5 2.8kV
ANSI C37.90 between the following circuits:
GB/T 15145-2017  auxiliary power supply
DL/T 478-2013  CT / VT inputs
 binary inputs
 binary outputs
 case earth
500V, 50Hz
between the following circuits:
 Communication ports to
case earth
 time synchronization
terminals to case earth
Impulse voltage test IEC60255-5 5kV (1.2/50μs, 0.5J)
IEC 60255-27 If Ui≥63V
EN 60255-5 1kV if Ui<63V
ANSI C37.90 Tested between the following
237
Chapter 25 Hardware
Item Standard Data

GB/T 15145-2017 circuits:
DL/T 478-2013  auxiliary power supply
 CT / VT inputs
 binary inputs
 binary outputs
 case earth
Note: Ui: Rated voltage
Insulation resistance IEC60255-5 ≥ 100 MΩ at 500 V
IEC 60255-27
EN 60255-5
ANSI C37.90
GB/T 15145-2017
DL/T 478-2013
Protective bonding resistance IEC60255-27 ≤ 0.1Ω
Fire withstand/flammability IEC60255-27 Class V2
8.1.2 Electromagnetic immunity tests
Table 180 Electromagnetic immunity tests
Item Standard Data

1 MHz burst immunity test IEC60255-22-1 Class III
IEC60255-26 2.5 kV CM ; 1 kV DM
IEC61000-4-18 Tested on the following circuits:
EN 60255-22-1  auxiliary power supply
ANSI/IEEE C37.90.1  CT / VT inputs
 binary inputs
 binary outputs
1 kV CM ; 0 kV DM
Tested on the following circuits:
 communication ports
Electrostatic discharge IEC 60255-22-2 Level 4
IEC 61000-4-2 8 kV contact discharge;
EN 60255-22-2 15 kV air gap discharge;
both polarities; 150 pF; Ri = 330
Ω
Radiated electromagnetic field IEC 60255-22-3 Frequency sweep:
disturbance test EN 60255-22-3 80 MHz – 1 GHz; 1.4 GHz – 2.7 GHz
spot frequencies:
238
Chapter 25 Hardware
Item Standard Data

80 MHz; 160 MHz; 380 MHz;
450 MHz; 900 MHz; 1850 MHz;
2150 MHz
10 V/m
AM, 80%, 1 kHz
Radiated electromagnetic field IEC 60255-22-3 Pulse-modulated
disturbance test EN 60255-22-3 10 V/m, 900 MHz; repetition rate
200 Hz, on duration 50 %
Electric fast transient/burst IEC 60255-22-4, Class A, 4KV
immunity test IEC 61000-4-4 Tested on the following circuits:
EN 60255-22-4  auxiliary power supply
ANSI/IEEE C37.90.1  CT / VT inputs
 binary inputs
 binary outputs
Class A, 1KV
Surge immunity test IEC 60255-22-5 4.0kV L-E
IEC 61000-4-5 2.0kV L-L
 auxiliary power supply
 CT / VT inputs
 binary inputs
 binary outputs
500V L-E
Conduct immunity test IEC 60255-22-6 Frequency sweep: 150 kHz – 80
IEC 61000-4-6 MHz
spot frequencies: 27 MHz and
68 MHz
10 V
AM, 80%, 1 kHz
Power frequency immunity test IEC60255-22-7 Class A
300 V CM
150 V DM
Power frequency magnetic field IEC 61000-4-8 Level 4
test 30 A/m cont. / 300 A/m 1 s to 3 s
100 kHz burst immunity test IEC61000-4-18 2.5 kV CM ; 1 kV DM
239
Chapter 25 Hardware
Item Standard Data

 auxiliary power supply
 CT / VT inputs
 binary inputs
 binary outputs
1 kV CM ; 0 kV DM
8.1.3 DC voltage interruption test
Table 181 DC voltage interruption test
Item Standard Data

DC voltage dips IEC 60255-11 100% reduction 20 ms
60% reduction 200 ms
30% reduction 500 ms
DC voltage interruptions IEC 60255-11 100% reduction 5 s
DC voltage ripple IEC 60255-11 15%, twice rated frequency
DC voltage gradual shut–down IEC 60255-11 60 s shut down ramp
/start-up 5 min power off
60 s start-up ramp
DC voltage reverse polarity IEC 60255-11 1 min
8.1.4 Electromagnetic emission test
Table 182 Electromagnetic emission test
Item Standard Data

Radiated emission IEC60255-25 30MHz to 1GHz ( IT device may
EN60255-25 up to 5 GHz)
CISPR22
Conducted emission IEC60255-25 0.15MHz to 30MHz
EN60255-25
CISPR22
240
Chapter 25 Hardware
8.1.5 Mechanical tests
Table 183 Mechanical tests
Item Standard Data

Sinusoidal Vibration response IEC60255-21-1 Class 1
test EN 60255-21-1 10 Hz to 60 Hz: 0.075 mm
60 Hz to 150 Hz: 1 g
1 sweep cycle in each axis
Relay energized
Sinusoidal Vibration IEC60255-21-1 Class 1
endurance test EN 60255-21-1 10 Hz to 150 Hz: 1 g
20 sweep cycle in each axis
Relay non-energized
Shock response test IEC60255-21-2 Class 1
EN 60255-21-2 5 g, 11 ms duration
3 shocks in both directions of 3
axes
Relay energized
Shock withstand test IEC60255-21-2 Class 1
EN 60255-21-2 15 g, 11 ms duration
3 shocks in both directions of 3
axes
Relay non-energized
Bump test IEC60255-21-2 Class 1
10 g, 16 ms duration
1000 shocks in both directions of
3 axes
Relay non-energized
Seismic test IEC60255-21-3 Class 1
X-axis 1 Hz to 8/9 Hz: 7.5 mm
X-axis 8/9 Hz to 35 Hz :2 g
Y-axis 1 Hz to 8/9 Hz: 3.75 mm
Y-axis 8/9 Hz to 35 Hz :1 g
1 sweep cycle in each axis,
Relay energized
241
Chapter 25 Hardware
8.1.6 Climatic tests
Table 184 Climatic tests
Item Standard Data

Cold test - Operation IEC60255-27 -10°C, 16 hours, rated load
IEC60068-2-1
Cold test – Storage IEC60255-27 -25°C, 16 hours
IEC60068-2-1
Dry heat test – Operation [IEC60255-27 +55°C, 16 hours, rated load
IEC60068-2-2
Dry heat test – Storage IEC60255-27 +70°C, 16 hours
IEC60068-2-2
Change of temperature IEC60255-27 Test Nb, figure 2, 5 cycles
IEC60068-2-14 -10°C / +55°C
Damp heat static test IEC60255-27 +40°C, 93% r.h. 10 days, rated load
IEC60068-2-78
Damp heat cyclic test IEC60255-27 +55°C, 93% r.h. 6 cycles, rated load
IEC60068-2-30
8.2 CE Certificate
Table 185 CE Certificate
Item Data
EN 61000-6-2 and EN61000-6-4 (EMC Council
EMC Directive
Directive 2004/108/EC)
Low voltage directive EN 60255-27 (Low-voltage directive 2006/95 EC).
8.3 IED design
Table 186 IED design
Item Data
Case size 4U×19inch
Weight ≤ 10kg
242
Chapter 26 Appendix
Chapter 26 Appendix
About this chapter
This chapter describes the appendix.
243
Chapter 26 Appendix
1 General setting list
Function setting list
Table 187 Function setting list
No Parameter Description Unit Min. Max.

1 U_Primary Primary rated voltage kV 100.0 800.0
2 U_Secondary Secondary rated voltage V 100.0 120.0
3 CT_Primary Primary rated current kA 0.05 5.00
4 CT_Secondary Secondary rated current A 1.00 5.00
5 3I0_Primary Primary zero sequence rated current kA 0.05 5.00
Secondary zero sequence rated
6 3I0_Secondary A 1.00 5.00
current
7 I5_Primary Primary I5 current kA 0.05 5.00
8 I5_Secondary Secondary I5 current A 1.00 5.00
9 T_Relay Reset Time delay for startup element to reset s 0.50 10.00
Connection phase of single-phase
10 Phase_1PhVoltCon voltage (1:phase A,2: phase B,3: 1 3
phase C)
Maximum current of VT fail to detect
11 I_VT Fail A 0.05 1.00
VT fail
Maximum zero- and negative-
12 3I02_VT Fail sequence current of VT fail to detect A 0.05 1.00
VT fail
Maximum phase to earth voltage of VT
13 Upe_VT Fail V 7.00 20.00
fail to detect VT fail
Maximum phase to phase voltage of
14 Upp_VT Fail V 10.00 30.00
VT fail to detect VT fail
Minimum normal phase to earth
15 Upe_VT Normal V 40.00 65.00
voltage of VT normal to detect VT fail
Maximum zero-sequence current of ct
16 3I0_CT Fail A 0.05 10.00
fail to detect CT fail
17 I_OL Alarm Current setting for overload alarming A 0.05 100.0
18 T_OL Alarm Time setting for overload alarming s 0.10 6000.
Phase current setting of overcurrent
19 I_OC1 A 0.05 100.0
stage 1
20 T_OC1 Delay time of overcurrent stage 1 s 0.00 60.00
Phase current setting of overcurrent
21 I_OC2 A 0.05 100.0
stage 2
22 T_OC2 Delay time of overcurrent stage 2 s 0.00 60.00
23 Curve_OC Inv Inverse time curve of overcurrent 1 12
244
Chapter 26 Appendix

Phase current setting for inverse time
24 I_OC Inv A 0.05 100.0
overcurrent
Time multiplier setting for inverse time
25 K_OC Inv 0.05 999.0
overcurrent
Coefficient setting for inverse time
26 A_OC Inv s 0.005 200.0
overcurrent
Time delay setting for inverse time
27 B_OC Inv s 0.00 60.00
overcurrent
28 P_OC Inv Index for inverse time overcurrent 0.005 10.00
Directional sensitive angle for
29 Angle_OC 0.00 90.00
overcurrent
30 Ratio_I2/I1 Second harmonic wave ratio 0.07 0.50
The maximum current setting for the
31 Imax_2H_UnBlk A 0.10 100.0
second harmonic unblock
Delay time for the second harmonic
32 T2h_Cross_Blk s 0.00 60.00
cross block
33 3I0_EF1 First stage zero-sequence current A 0.05 100.0
Delay time for first stage
34 T_EF1 s 0.00 60.00
35 3I0_EF2 Second stage zero-sequence current A 0.05 100.0
Delay time for second stage
36 T_EF2 s 0.00 60.00
Inverse time curve of zero-sequence
37 Curve_EF Inv 1 12
current
Current setting for zero-sequence
38 3I0_EF Inv A 0.05 100.0
Time multiplier setting for
39 K_EF Inv 0.05 999.0
zero-sequence inverse time current
Coefficient setting for zero-sequence
40 A_EF Inv s 0.005 200.0
Time delay setting for zero-sequence
41 B_EF Inv s 0.00 60.00
Index for zero-sequence inverse time
42 P_EF Inv 0.005 10.00
current
Sensitive angle for zero-sequence
43 Angle_EF 0.00 90.00
direction
Sensitive angle for negative-sequence
44 Angle_Neg 0.00 90.00
direction
45 Ratio_I2/I1 Second harmonic wave ratio 0.07 0.50
The maximum current setting for the
46 Imax_2H_UnBlk A 0.10 100.0
second harmonic unblock
47 Ratio_I02/I01 Second zero sequence harmonic 0.07 0.50
245
Chapter 26 Appendix

wave ratio
The maximum zero sequence current
48 3I0max_2H_UnBlk setting for the second harmonic A 0.10 100.0
unblock
49 3I0_NOC1 First stage neutral current A 0.05 100.0
Delay time for first stage neutral
50 T_NOC1 s 0.00 60.00
current
51 3I0_NOC2 Second stage neutral current A 0.05 100.0
Delay time for second stage neutral
52 T_NOC2 s 0.00 60.00
current
53 Curve_NOC Inv Inverse time curve of neutral current 1 12
Current setting for neutral inverse time
54 3I0_NOC Inv A 0.05 100.0
current
Time multiplier setting for neutral
55 K_NOC Inv 0.05 999.0
Coefficient setting for neutral inverse
56 A_NOC Inv s 0.005 200.0
time current
Time delay setting for neutral inverse
57 B_NOC Inv s 0.00 60.00
time current
58 P_NOC Inv Index for neutral inverse time current 0.005 10.00
59 Angle_NOC Sensitive angle for neutral direction 0.00 90.00
Second zero sequence harmonic
60 Ratio_I02/I01 0.07 0.50
wave ratio
The maximum zero sequence current
61 3I0max_2H_UnBlk setting for the second harmonic A 0.10 100.0
unblock
First stage sensitive zero-sequence
62 I_SEF1 A 0.005 1.00
current
Delay time for first stage sensitive
63 T_SEF1 s 0.00 60.00
Second stage sensitive zero-sequence
64 I_SEF2 A 0.005 1.00
current
Delay time for second stage sensitive
65 T_SEF2 s 0.00 60.00
Inverse time curve of sensitive
66 Curve_SEF Inv 1 12
Current setting for sensitive
67 I_SEF Inv A 0.00 1.00
Time multiplier setting for sensitive
68 K_SEF Inv 0.05 999.0
Coefficient setting for sensitive
69 A_SEF Inv s 0.005 200.0
246
Chapter 26 Appendix

Time delay setting for sensitive
70 B_SEF Inv s 0.00 60.00
Index for zero-sequence sensitive
71 P_SEF Inv 0.005 10.00
Sensitive angle for sensitive zero
72 Angle_SEF 0.00 90.00
sequence direction
Sensitive angle for sensitive zero
73 IsCOS_SEF A 0.005 1.00
sequence direction based on Cos
74 U_SEF Voltage setting for SEF V 2.00 100.0
75 3I2_NSOC1 First stage negative sequence current A 0.05 100.0
Delay time for first stage negative
76 T_NSOC1 s 0.00 60.00
sequence current
Second stage negative sequence
77 3I2_NSOC2 A 0.05 100.0
current
Delay time for second stage negative
78 T_NSOC2 s 0.00 60.00
sequence current
Inverse time curve of negative
79 Curve_NSOC Inv 1 12
sequence current
Current setting for negative sequence
80 3I2_NSOC Inv A 0.05 100.0
Time multiplier setting for negative
81 K_NSOC Inv 0.05 999.0
sequence inverse time current
Coefficient setting for negative
82 A_NSOC Inv s 0.005 200.0
Time delay setting for negative
83 B_NSOC Inv s 0.00 60.00
Index for negative sequence inverse
84 P_NSOC Inv 0.005 10.00
time current
85 I_STUB Current setting for stub protection A 0.05 100.0
86 T_STUB Time setting for stub protection s 0.00 60.00
Current setting for thermal overload
87 I_Thermal OL Trip A 0.10 25.00
protection tripping
Current setting for thermal overload
88 I_Thermal OL Alarm A 0.10 25.00
protection alarming
Time constant for thermal overload
89 T_Const Thermal s 1.00 9999.
protection
90 T_Const Cool Down Time constant for cool down s 1.00 9999.
First stage voltage setting for
91 U_3V01 V 2.00 100.0
displacement voltage protection
First stage time setting for
92 T_3V01 s 0.00 60.00
93 U_3V02 Second stage voltage setting for V 2.00 100.0
247
Chapter 26 Appendix

Second stage time setting for
94 T_3V02 s 0.00 60.00
Voltage setting for first stage
95 U_OV1 V 40.00 200.0
overvoltage protection
Time delay setting for first stage
96 T_OV1 s 0.00 60.00
Voltage setting for second stage
97 U_OV2 V 40.00 200.0
Time delay setting for second stage
98 T_OV2 s 0.00 60.00
Dropout coefficient for overvoltage
99 Dropout_OV 0.90 0.99
protection
Voltage setting for first stage
100 U_UV1 V 5.00 150.0
Time delay setting for first stage
101 T_UV1 s 0.00 120.0
Voltage setting for second stage
102 U_UV2 V 5.00 150.0
Time delay setting for second stage
103 T_UV2 s 0.00 120.0
Dropout coefficient for undervoltage
104 Dropout_UV 1.01 2.00
protection
105 I_UV Chk Current setting for undervoltage check A 0.05 10.00
Phase current setting for circuit
106 I_CBF A 0.05 100.0
107 3I0_CBF A 0.05 100.0
circuit breaker fail protection
108 3I2_CBF A 0.05 100.0
circuit breaker fail protection
109 T_CBF1 s 0.00 32.00
breaker fail protection
Prolonged three trip
110 T_CBF 1P Trip 3P s 0.05 32.00
Time for stage 1 of circuit breaker fail
111 T_CBF2 s 0.10 32.00
breaker fail protection
112 3I0_PD A 0.05 100.0
three pole discordance
113 3I2_PD A 0.05 100.0
three pole discordance
Time delay setting for three pole
114 T_PD s 0.00 60.00
discordance
248
Chapter 26 Appendix

Time delay setting for dead zone
115 T_Dead Zone s 0.00 32.00
protection
116 T_1P AR1 s 0.05 10.00
auto-reclosing
117 T_1P AR2 s 0.05 10.00
auto-reclosing
118 T_1P AR3 s 0.05 10.00
auto-reclosing
119 T_1P AR4 s 0.05 10.00
auto-reclosing
120 T_3P AR1 s 0.05 60.00
auto-reclosing
121 T_3P AR2 s 0.05 60.00
auto-reclosing
122 T_3P AR3 s 0.05 60.00
auto-reclosing
123 T_3P AR4 s 0.05 60.00
auto-reclosing
Angle difference setting for
124 Angle_Syn Diff 1.00 80.00
Voltage difference setting for
125 U_Syn Diff V 1.00 40.00
Frequency difference setting for
126 Freq_Syn Diff Hz 0.02 2.00
127 T_Action Pulse length setting for auto-reclosing ms 80.00 500.0
Time setting for successful
128 T_Reclaim s 0.05 60.00
auto-reclosing determination
129 T_CB Faulty Time setting for spring charging s 0.50 60.00
130 Times_AR auto-reclosing number 1 4
131 T_Syn Check Time setting for synchronization check s 0.00 60.00
132 T_MaxSynExt Time setting for exiting AR checking s 0.05 60.00
Time setting for preparing for future
133 T_AR Reset s 0.50 60.00
reclosing
Minimu voltage setting for
134 Umin_Syn V 30.00 65.00
135 Umax_Energ Maximum voltage for Energizing check V 10.00 50.00
136 T_WaitMaster Time setting for Master waitting s 0.01 60.00
Setting of manual close
137 MC_Angle_Syn Diff ° 1.00 80.00
synchronization check angle
138 MC_U_Syn Diff synchronization check voltage V 1.00 40.00
difference
249
Chapter 26 Appendix

139 MC_Freq_Syn Diff synchronization check frequency Hz 0.02 2.00
difference
Manual close synchronization check
140 MC_T_Syn Check s 0.00 60.00
time
Time for disabling manual close
141 MC_T_MaxSynExt s 0.05 60.00
Minimu voltage for manual close
142 MC_Umin_Syn V 30.00 65.00
Maximum voltage for manual close
143 MC_Umax_Energ V 10.00 50.00
dead voltage check
Note: The 137 - 143 in the table are the setting of the manual
synchronization function; the 10th in the table is the setting of the
Table 188 Binary setting list
No Setting Description Unit Min. Max.

VT installed at line side
1 VT_Line 0 1
or source side
I5 is used as SEF
2 I5 for SEF 0 1
function or other
Single-phase voltage
3 1PhVolt Connect connection /Three-phase 0 1
voltage connection
VT fail function enabled
4 Func_VT Fail 0 1
or disabled
5 Solid Earth Solid earth or not 0 1
CT fail function enabled
6 Func_CT Fail 0 1
or disabled
3I0 is calculated or
7 3I0 Calculated_CT Fail measured for CT fail 0 1
function
Enable or disable the
8 Func_OL 0 1
overload function
Overcurrent stage 1
9 Func_OC1 0 1
enabled or disabled
Direction of overcurrent
10 OC1 Direction stage 1 enabled or 0 1
disabled
Point to system or point
11 OC1 Dir To Sys 0 1
to equipment is defined
250
Chapter 26 Appendix

as forward direction for
stage 1
Inrush restraint for
12 OC1 Inrush Block overcurrent stage 1 0 1
enabled or disabled
Overcurrent stage 2
13 Func_OC2 0 1
enabled or disabled
Direction of overcurrent
14 OC2 Direction stage 2 enabled or 0 1
disabled
15 OC2 Dir To Sys 0 1
stage 2
16 OC2 Inrush Block overcurrent stage 2 0 1
enabled or disabled
Inverse time stage for
17 Func_OC Inv overcurrent enabled or 0 1
disabled
Direction of inverse time
18 OC Inv Direction stage enabled or 0 1
disabled
19 OC Inv Dir To Sys 0 1
inverse time stage
20 OC Inv Inrush Block inverse time stage 0 1
enabled or disabled
VT failure block
21 Blk OC at VT Fail overcurrent protection 0 1
enabled or disabled
Overcurrent protection
22 OC Init CBF initiate CBF protection 0 1
enabled or disabled
Earth fault stage 1
23 Func_EF1 0 1
enabled or disabled
Direction of earth fault
24 EF1 Direction stage 1 enabled or 0 1
disabled
25 EF1 Dir To Sys 0 1
251
Chapter 26 Appendix

stage 1
Inrush restraint for earth
26 EF1 Inrush Block fault stage 1 enabled or 0 1
disabled
Earth fault stage 2
27 Func_EF2 0 1
enabled or disabled
Direction of earth fault
28 EF2 Direction stage 2 enabled or 0 1
disabled
29 EF2 Dir To Sys 0 1
stage 2
Inrush restraint for earth
30 EF2 Inrush Block fault protection stage 2 0 1
enabled or disabled
31 Func_EF Inv earth fault protection 0 1
enabled or disabled
32 EF Inv Direction stage enabled or 0 1
disabled
33 EF Inv Dir To Sys 0 1
inverse time stage
34 EF Inv Inrush Block inverse time stage 0 1
enabled or disabled
Negative sequence
directional element for
35 EF U2/I2 Dir 0 1
EF protection enabled or
disabled
Inrush checking of zero
36 Inrush Chk I02/I01 sequence current 0 1
enabled or disabled
Block or unblock EF
37 Blk EF at VT Fail protection when VT fail 0 1
happens
Block or unblock EF
38 Blk EF at CT Fail protection when CT fail 0 1
happens
252
Chapter 26 Appendix

3I0 is calculated or
39 3I0 Calculated measured from earth 0 1
fault CT
3U0 is calculated or
40 3U0 Calculated measured from earth 0 1
fault VT
EF protection initiate
41 EF Init CBF 0 1
CBF protection or not
Neutral earth fault stage
42 Func_NOC1 0 1
1 enabled or disabled
Direction of neutral earth
43 NOC1 Direction fault stage 1 enabled or 0 1
disabled
44 NOC1 Dir To Sys 0 1
stage 1
45 NOC1 Inrush Block neutral earth fault stage 0 1
Neutral earth fault stage
46 Func_NOC2 0 1
Direction of neutral earth
47 NOC2 Direction fault stage 2 enabled or 0 1
disabled
48 NOC2 Dir To Sys 0 1
stage 2
49 NOC2 Inrush Block neutral earth fault stage 0 1
50 Func_NOC Inv neutral earth fault 0 1
enabled or disabled
51 NOC Inv Direction stage enabled or 0 1
disabled
52 NOC Inv Dir To Sys 0 1
inverse time stage
253
Chapter 26 Appendix

53 NOC Inv Inrush Block inverse time stage 0 1
enabled or disabled
VT failure block neutral
54 Blk NOC at VT Fail earth fault protection 0 1
enabled or disabled
3U0 calculated or
55 3U0 Calculated 0 1
measured from VT
Neutral earth fault
protection initiate CBF
56 NOC Init CBF 0 1
protection enabled or
disabled
Sensitive earth fault
57 Func_SEF1 stage 1 enabled or 0 1
disabled
58 SEF1 Trip 0 1
stage 1 trip or alarm
Direction of sensitive
59 SEF1 Direction earth fault stage 1 0 1
enabled or disabled
60 Func_SEF2 stage 2 enabled or 0 1
disabled
61 SEF2 Trip 0 1
62 SEF2 Direction earth fault stage 2 0 1
enabled or disabled
63 Func_SEF Inv inverse time stage 0 1
enabled or disabled
64 SEF Inv Trip inverse time stage trip 0 1
or alarm
earth fault inverse time
65 SEF Inv Direction 0 1
stage enabled or
disabled
U0/I0 measurement or
66 SEF Chk U0/I0 Cos Φ measurement for 0 1
direction determination
VT failure block sensitive
67 Blk SEF at VT Fail 0 1
earth fault protection
254
Chapter 26 Appendix

enabled or disabled
3U0 calculated or
68 3U0 Calculated 0 1
measured from VT
protection initiate CBF
69 SEF Init CBF 0 1
disabled
Negative sequence
70 Func_NSOC1 0 1
stage 1 enabled or
disabled
Negative sequence
71 NSOC1 Trip overcurrent stage 1 trip 0 1
or alarm
Negative sequence
72 Func_NSOC2 0 1
stage 2 enabled or
disabled
Inverse time stage of
negative sequence
73 Func_NSOC Inv 0 1
enabled or disabled
Inverse time stage
74 NSOC Inv Trip negative sequence 0 1
overcurrent trip or alarm
Negative sequence
75 NSOC Init CBF overcurrent protection 0 1
initiate CBF protection
Stub protection enabled
76 Func_STUB 0 1
or disabled
Stub protection initiate
77 STUB Init CBF 0 1
CBF protection
Thermal overload
78 Func_Thermal OL protection enabled or 0 1
disabled
79 Cold Curve Cold Curve or Hot Curve 0 1
Thermal overload
80 Thermal OL Init CBF protection initiate CBF 0 1
protection
Displacement voltage
81 Func_3V01 stage 1 enabled or 0 1
disabled
255
Chapter 26 Appendix

82 3V01 Trip 0 1
83 Func_3V02 stage 2 enabled or 0 1
disabled
84 3V02 Trip 0 1
Displacement voltage is
85 3U0 Calculated calculated or measured 0 1
form VT
86 3V0 Init CBF protection initiate CBF 0 1
enabled or disabled
Overvoltage stage 1
87 Func_OV1 0 1
enabled or disabled
Overvoltage stage 1 trip
88 OV1 Trip 0 1
or alarm
Overvoltage stage 2
89 Func_OV2 0 1
enabled or disabled
Overvoltage stage 2 trip
90 OV2 Trip 0 1
or alarm
Phase to phase voltage
or phase to earth
91 OV Chk PE 0 1
measured for
Overvoltage protection
92 OV Init CBF initiate CBF enabled or 0 1
disabled
Undervoltage stage 1
93 Func_UV1 0 1
enabled or disabled
Undervotage stage 1
94 UV1 Trip tripping enabled or 0 1
disabled
Undervoltage stage 2
95 Func_UV2 0 1
enabled or disabled
Undervotage stage 2
96 UV2 Trip tripping enabled or 0 1
disabled
Checking current for
97 UV Chk Current 0 1
Checking CB aux.
98 UV Chk CB Status contact for undervoltage 0 1
protection
256
Chapter 26 Appendix

Phase to phase or phase
99 UV Chk PE to earth measured for 0 1
Checking three phase
100 UV Chk All Phase voltage for undervoltage 0 1
protection
Enable or disable
101 UV Init CBF undervoltage initiating 0 1
circuit breaker failure
CBF protection enabled
102 Func_CBF 0 1
or disabled
Three pole trip by one
pole failure for CBF
103 CBF 1P Trip 3P 0 1
disabled
zero- and
negative-sequence
104 CBF Chk 3I0/3I2 0 1
current checked by CBF
protection
CB auxiliary contact
105 CBF Chk CB Status checked for CBF 0 1
protection
Checking three phase
CB close status via
106 CBF Chk BI_3Ph_CB_Close 0 1
binary input for CBF
protection
Poles discordance
107 Func_PD protection enabled or 0 1
disabled
Checking 3I0/3I2 criteria
108 PD Chk 3I0/3I2 for PD protection 0 1
enabled or disabled
PD protection initiate
109 PD Init CBF 0 1
CBF protection
Dead zone protection
110 Func_Dead Zone 0 1
enabled or disabled
Single phase mode for
111 AR_1p mode 0 1
Three phase mode for
112 AR_3p mode 0 1
One and three phase
113 AR_1p(3p) mode mode for auto-reclosing 0 1
function
257
Chapter 26 Appendix

114 AR_Disable 0 1
disabled
Override mode for AR
115 AR_Override 0 1
enabled or disabled
Checking dead line live
116 AR_EnergChkDLLB 0 1
bus for AR
Checking live line dead
117 AR_EnergChkLLDB 0 1
bus for AR
Checking dead line dead
118 AR_EnergChkDLDB 0 1
bus for AR
Synchronization check
119 AR_Syn check for AR enabled or 0 1
disabled
Three phase voltage
120 AR_Chk3PVol check for single phase 0 1
AR
121 AR Final Trip Final trip by AR 0 1
AR initiated by single
122 1P CBOpen Init AR 0 1
phase CB open
AR initiated by three
123 3P CBOpen Init AR 0 1
phase CB open
One and a half breaker
124 Mode_3/2CB 0 1
arrangement
Side breaker or tie
125 CB_Master 0 1
breaker
Enable/disable manual
126 Func_MC 0 1
close synchronization
127 MC_Syn Chk UA UA/ Synchronization no 0 1
check UA
128 MC_Syn Chk UB UB/ Synchronization no 0 1
check UB
129 MC_Syn Chk UC UC/ Synchronization no 0 1
check UC
130 MC_Syn Chk UAB UAB/ Synchronization no 0 1
check UAB
131 MC_Syn Chk UBC UBC/ Synchronization 0 1
no check UBC
258
Chapter 26 Appendix

132 MC_Syn Chk UCA UCA/ Synchronization 0 1
no check UCA
Enable or disable
133 MC_Override manual close override 0 1
mode
Enable or disable
manual closing
134 MC_EnergChkDLLB 0 1
mode
Enable or disable
135 MC_EnergChkLLDB manual close checkigng 0 1
dead line and live busbar
Enable or disable
136 MC_EnergChkDLDB manual close checking 0 1
live line and dead busbar
Enable or disable
manual close checking
137 MC_Syn check 0 1
dead line and dead
busbar
Note: The 126 - 137 in the table are the logic switch of the manual
synchronization function; the 3rd in the table is the logic switch of the
2 General report list

No Abbr. (LCD Display) Description

1 Relay Startup Protection startup
2 BI Change Binary input change
3 BI SetGroup Mode Binary input setting group mode
4 Not Used Not used
5 OC1 Trip Overcurrent protection stage 1 trip
6 OC2 Trip Overcurrent protection stage 2 trip
7 OC Inv Trip Overcurrent protection inverse time stage trip
8 Inrush Blk OC Inrush blocking overcurrent protection
9 Not Used Not used
10 EF1 Trip Earth fault protection stage 1 trip
11 EF2 Trip Earth fault protection stage 2 trip
12 EF Inv Trip Earth fault protection inverse time stage trip
259
Chapter 26 Appendix

13 Inrush Blk EF Inrush blocking earth fault protection
14 Not Used Not used
15 NOC1 Trip Neutral overcurrent protection stage 1 trip
16 NOC2 Trip Neutral overcurrent protection stage 2 trip
17 NOC Inv Trip Neutral overcurrent protection inverse time stage trip
18 Inrush Blk NOC Inrush blocking neutral overcurrent protection
20 SEF1 Trip Sensitive earth fault protection stage 1 trip
21 SEF2 Trip Sensitive earth fault protection stage 2 trip
22 SEF Inv Trip Sensitive earth fault protection inverse time stage trip
24 NSOC1 Trip Negative sequence overcurrent protection stage 1 trip
25 NSOC2 Trip Negative sequence overcurrent protection stage 2 trip
Negative sequence overcurrent protection inverse time
26 NSOC Inv Trip
stage trip
27 STUB Trip Stup protection trip
28 Therm OL Startup Thermal overload protection startup
29 Thermal OL Trip Thermal overload protection trip
30 3V01 Trip Displacement voltage protection stage 1 trip
31 3V02 Trip Displacement voltage protection stage 2 trip
32 OV1 Trip Overvoltage protection stage 1 trip
33 OV2 Trip Overvoltage protection stage 1 trip
34 UV1 Trip Undervoltage protection stage 1 trip
35 UV2 Trip Undervoltage protection stage 2 trip
36 CBF Startup Circuit breaker failure protection startup
37 CBF1 Trip Circuit breaker failure protection stage 1 trip
Circuit breaker failure protection single phase trip three
38 CBF 1P Trip 3P
phase
39 CBF2 Trip Circuit breaker failure protection stage 2 trip
40 PD Trip Poles discordance protection trip
42 Dead Zone Trip Dead zone protection trip
43 1st Reclose First shot reclose
44 2nd Reclose Second shot reclose
45 3rd Reclose Third shot reclose
46 4th Reclose Fourth shot reclose
47 1Ph Trip Init AR Single phase trip to initiate auto-reclosing
Single phase circuit breaker open to initiate
48 1Ph CBO Init AR
auto-reclosing
Single phase circuit breaker open to block
49 1Ph CBO Blk AR
auto-reclosing
50 3Ph Trip Init AR Three phase trip to initiate auto-reclosing
260
Chapter 26 Appendix

Three phase circuit breaker open to block
51 3Ph CBO Init AR
auto-reclosing
Three phase circuit breaker block to block
52 3Ph CBO Blk AR
auto-reclosing
53 Syn Phase Change Synchro-check phase change
54 AR Block Auto-reclosing blocking
55 Not Used Not Used
56 Syn Request Synchro-check request
57 AR_EnergChk OK Energizing check for Auto-reclosing ok
58 Syn Failure Synchro-check failure
59 Syn OK Synchro-check ok
60 Syn Vdiff fail Voltage difference check failure for synchro-check
61 Syn Fdiff fail Frequency difference check failure for synchro-check
62 Syn Angdiff fail Phase difference check failure for synchro-check
63 EnergChk fail Energizing check failure
64 AR Success Auto-reclosing success
65 AR Final Trip Auto-reclosing final trip
66 AR in progress Auto-reclosing in progress
67 AR Failure Auto-reclosing failure
68 AR Wait Auto-reclosing wait
Table 190 Alarming report list

1 3V0 Trip Fail Displacement voltage protection trip fail
2 3V01 Alarm Displacement voltage protection stage 1 alarm
3 3V02 Alarm Displacement voltage protection stage 2 alarm
4 AI Channel Err Analog input error
5 AR Mode Alarm Auto-reclosing mode alarm
6 Battery Off Battery off
7 BI Breakdown Binary input breakdown
8 BI Check Err Binary input check error
9 BI Comm Fail Binary input communication fail
10 BI Config Err Binary input configuration error
11 BI EEPROM Err Binary input EEPROM error
12 BI Input Err Binary input input error
13 BI_Init CBF Err Binary input for initiation CBF error
14 BI_V1P_MCB Err Binary input of single phase MCB error
15 BI_V3P_MCB Err Binary input of three phase MCB error
16 BO Breakdown Binary output breakdown
17 BO Comm Fail Binary output communication fail
18 BO Config Err Binary output configuration error
261
Chapter 26 Appendix

19 BO EEPROM Err Binary output EEPROM error
20 BO No Response Binary output response
21 CB Err Blk PD CB error blocking poles discordance protection
22 CT Fail CT fail
23 EF Trip Fail Earth fault protection trip fail
24 EquipPara Err Equipment parameter error
25 FLASH Check Err FLASH check error
26 NO/NC Discord NO/NC discord
27 NOC Trip Fail Neutral overcurrent protection trip fail
Negative sequence overcurrent protection inverse time
28 NSOC Inv Alarm
stage alarm
29 NSOC Trip Fail Negative sequence overcurrent protection trip fail
Negative sequence overcurrent protection stage 1
30 NSOC1 Alarm
alarm
31 OC Trip Fail Overcurrent protection trip fail
32 OV Trip Fail Overvoltage protection trip fail
33 OV1 Alarm Overvoltage protection stage 1 alarm
34 OV2 Alarm Overvoltage protection stage 2 alarm
35 Overload Alarm Overload protection alarm
36 PD Trip Fail Poles discordance protection trip fail
37 PhA CB Open Err Phase A CB Open error
38 PhB CB Open Err Phase B CB Open error
39 PhC CB Open Err Phase C CB Open error
40 ROM Verify Err ROM verify error
41 Sampling Err Sampling error
Sensitive earth fault protection inverse time stage
42 SEF Inv Alarm
alarm
43 SEF Trip Fail Sensitive earth fault protection trip fail
44 SEF1 Alarm Sensitive earth fault protection stage 1 alarm
45 SEF2 Alarm Sensitive earth fault protection stage 2 alarm
46 SetGroup Err Setting group Error
47 Setting Err Setting error
48 Soft Version Err Software version error
49 SRAM Check Err SRAM check error
50 STUB Trip Fail Stup protection trip fail
51 Syn Voltage Err Voltage for synchro-check error
52 SysConfig Err System configuration error
53 Test BO Un_reset Unreset after testing binary output
54 Therm Trip Fail Thermal overload protection trip fail
55 Thermal OL Alarm Thermal overload protection alarm
56 UV Trip Fail Undervoltage protection trip fail
57 UV1 Alarm Undervoltage protection stage 1 alarm
262
Chapter 26 Appendix

58 UV2 Alarm Undervoltage protection stage 2 alarm
59 V1P_MCB VT Fail Single phase MCB VT Fail
60 V3P_MCB VT Fail Three phase MCB VT Fail
61 VT Fail VT fail
Table 191 operation report list

1 SwSetGroup OK Switch setting group OK
2 Write Set OK Write setting value OK
3 WriteEquipParaOK Write equipment parameter OK
4 WriteConfig OK Write configuration OK
5 AdjScale OK Adjust scale OK
6 Not Used Not used
7 Not Used Not used
8 ClrConfig OK Clear configuration OK
9 Reset Config Reset configuration
10 Test BO OK Test binary output OK
11 AdjDrift OK Adjust zero drift OK
12 Clear All Rpt OK Clear all report OK
13 Syn Phase Change Synchro-check phase change
14 VT Recovery VT recovery
15 CaluFreqOK Calculation frequency OK
16 Test mode On Test mode On
17 Test mode Off Test mode Off
18 Func_OC On Function of overcurrent protection on
19 Func_OC Off Function of overcurrent protection off
20 Func_EF On Function of earth fault protection on
21 Func_EF Off Function of earth fault protection off
22 Func_NOC On Function of neutral overcurrent protection on
23 Func_NOC Off Function of neutral overcurrent protection off
24 Func_SEF On Function of sensitive earth fault protection on
25 Func_SEF Off Function of sensitive earth fault protection off
26 Func_NSOC On Function of negative sequence overcurrent protection on
27 Func_NSOC Off Function of negative sequence overcurrent protection off
28 Func_STUB On Function of stub protection on
29 Func_STUB Off Function of stub protection off
30 Func_Therm OL On Function of thermal overload protection on
31 Fun_Therm OL Off Function of thermal overload protection off
32 Func_OL On Function of overload protection on
33 Func_OL Off Function of overload protection off
34 Func_3V0 On Function of displacement voltage protection on
263
Chapter 26 Appendix

35 Func_3V0 Off Function of displacement voltage protection off
36 Func_OV On Function of overvoltage protection on
37 Func_OV Off Function of overvoltage protection off
38 Func_UV On Function of undervoltage protection on
39 Func_UV Off Function of undervoltage protection off
40 Func_CBF On Function of circuit breaker failure protection on
41 Func_CBF Off Function of circuit breaker failure protection off
42 Func_PD On Function of poles discordance protection on
43 Func_PD Off Function of poles discordance protection off
44 Func_DZ On Function of dead zone protection on
45 Func_DZ Off Function of dead zone protection off
46 Func_AR On Function of auto-reclosing protection on
47 Func_AR Off Function of auto-reclosing protection off
48 AR Syn On Synchro-check for AR on
49 AR Syn Off Synchro-check for AR off
50 AR EnergChk On Energizing check for AR on
51 AR EnergChk Off Energizing check for AR of
52 AR Override On Override for AR on
53 AR Override Off Override for AR off
54 Func_VT Fuse On Function of VT fuse supervision on
55 Func_VT Fuse Off Function of VT fuse supervision off
56 Func_CT Fail On Function of CT fail on
57 Func_CT Fail Off Function of CT fail off
58 CPU Reset CPU reset
264
Chapter 26 Appendix
3 Typical connection
A. Application for line
Figure 76 Typical connection of feeder backup protection for VT in bus side
265
Chapter 26 Appendix
B. Application for transformer
Figure 77 Typical connection of transformer backup protection
266
Chapter 26 Appendix
C. Application for sensitive earth fault protection
Figure 78 Typical connection of sensitive earth fault protection
267
Chapter 26 Appendix
4 Time inverse characteristic

4.1 11 kinds of IEC and ANSI inverse time
characteristic curves
In the setting, if the curve number is set for inverse time characteristic, which
is corresponding to the characteristic curve in the following table. Both IEC
and ANSI based standard curves are available.
Table 192 11 kinds of IEC and ANSI inverse time characteristic
Curves No. IDMTL Curves Parameter A Parameter P Parameter B
1 IEC INV. 0.14 0.02 0
2 IEC VERY INV. 13.5 1.0 0
3 IEC EXTERMELY INV. 80.0 2.0 0
4 IEC LONG INV. 120.0 1.0 0
5 ANSI INV. 8.9341 2.0938 0.17966
6 ANSI SHORT INV. 0.2663 1.2969 0.03393
7 ANSI LONG INV. 5.6143 1 2.18592
8 ANSI MODERATELY
0.0103 0.02 0.0228
INV.
9 ANSI VERY INV. 3.922 2.0 0.0982
10 ANSI EXTERMELY INV. 5.64 2.0 0.02434
11 ANSI DEFINITE INV. 0.4797 1.5625 0.21359
4.2 User defined characteristic

For the inverse time characteristic, also can be set as user defined
characteristic if the setting is set to 12.
268
Chapter 26 Appendix
Equation 10
where:
A: Time factor for inverse time stage
B: Delay time for inverse time stage
P: index for inverse time stage
K: Time multiplier
269
Chapter 26 Appendix
4.3 Typical inverse curves
The typical 11 curves where K=0.025 is shown in the following figure:
Figure 79 Typical curves for IEC and ANSI standard
270
Chapter 26 Appendix
Where K=0.025, K=0.2, K=0.5, K=1 and K=1.5 the IEC INV. Curve in the
following figure:
Figure 80 Typical IEC INV. Curves
271
Chapter 26 Appendix
Where K=0.025, K=0.2, K=0.5, K=1 and K=1.5 the IEC VERY INV. Curve in
the following figure:
Figure 81 Typical IEC VERY INV. Curves
272
Chapter 26 Appendix
Where K=0.025, K=0.2, K=0.5, K=1 and K=1.5 the IEC EXTREMELY INV.
Curve in the following figure:
Figure 82 Typical IEC EXTREMELY INV. Curve
273
Chapter 26 Appendix
Where K=0.025, K=0.2, K=0.5, K=1 and K=1.5 the IEC LONG INV. Curve in
Figure 83 Typical IEC LONG INV. Curve
274
Chapter 26 Appendix
Where K=0.025, K=0.2, K=0.5, K=1 and K=1.5 the ASNI INV. Curve in the
following figure:
Figure 84 Typical ANSI INV. Curves
275
Chapter 26 Appendix
Where K=0.025, K=0.2, K=0.5, K=1 and K=1.5 the ANSI SHOTR INV. Curve
in the following figure:
Figure 85 Typical ANSI SHORT INV. Curves
276
Chapter 26 Appendix
Where K=0.025, K=0.2, K=0.5, K=1 and K=1.5 the ANSI LONG INV. Curve in
Figure 86 Typical ANSI LONG INV. Curves
277
Chapter 26 Appendix
Where K=0.025, K=0.2, K=0.5, K=1 and K=1.5 the ANSI MODETATELY INV.
Figure 87 Typical ANSI MODETATELY INV. Curve
278
Chapter 26 Appendix
Where K=0.025, K=0.2, K=0.5, K=1 and K=1.5 the ANSIVERY INV. Curve in
Figure 88 Typical ANSI VERY INV. Curves
279
Chapter 26 Appendix
Where K=0.025, K=0.2, K=0.5, K=1 and K=1.5 the ANSI EXTREMELY INV.
Figure 89 Typical ANSI EXTREMELY INV. Curves
280
Chapter 26 Appendix
Where K=0.025, K=0.2, K=0.5, K=1 and K=1.5 the ANSI DEFINITE INV.
Figure 90 Typical ANSI DEFINITE INV. Curves
281
Chapter 26 Appendix
5 CT requirement
5.1 Overview
In practice, the conventional magnetic- core current transformer (hereinafter

as referred CT) is not able to transform the current signal accurately in whole
fault period of all possible faults because of manufactured cost and
installation space limited. CT Saturation will cause distortion of the current
signal and can result in a failure to operate or cause unwanted operations of
some functions. Although more and more protection IEDs have been
designed to permit CT saturation with maintained correct operation, the
performance of protection IED is still depended on the correct selection of CT.
5.2 Current transformer classification
The conventional CTs are usually manufactured in accordance with the

standard, IEC 60044, ANSI / IEEE C57.13, ANSI / IEEE C37.110 or other
comparable standards, which CTs are specified in different protection class.
Currently, the CT for protection are classified according to functional

performance as follows:
 Class P CT
Accuracy limit defined by composite error with steady symmetric primary

current. No limit for remanent flux.
 Class PR CT
CT with limited remanence factor for which, in some cased, a value of the
secondary loop time constant and/or a limiting value of the winding resistance
may also be specified.
 Class PX CT
Low leakage reactance for which knowledge of the transformer secondary

excitation characteristic, secondary winding resistance, secondary burden
resistance and turns ratio is sufficient to assess its performance in relation to
the protective relay system with which it is to be used.
 Class TPS CT
Low leakage flux current transient transformer for which performance is

defined by the secondary excitation characteristics and turns ratio error limits.
No limit for remanent flux
 Class TPX CT
282
Chapter 26 Appendix
Accuracy limit defined by peak instantaneous error during specified transient
duty cycle. No limit for remanent flux.
 Class TPY CT
Accuracy limit defined by peak instantaneous error during specified transient

duty cycle. Remanent flux not to exceed 10% of the saturation flux..
 Class TPZ CT
Accuracy limit defined by peak instantaneous alternating current component

error during single energization with maximum d.c. offset at specified
secondary loop time constant. No requirements for d.c. component error limit.
Remanent flux to be practically negligible.
 TPE class CT (TPE represents transient protection and electronic type

CT)
5.3 Abbreviations (according to IEC 60044-1, -6, as

defined)
Table 193 Abbreviations
Abbrev. Description
Esl Rated secondary limiting e.m.f
Eal Rated equivalent limiting secondary e.m.f
Ek Rated knee point e.m.f
Uk Knee point voltage (r.m.s.)
Kalf Accuracy limit factor
Kssc Rated symmetrical short-circuit current factor
K’ssc Effective symmetrical short-circuit current factor based
K”ssc on different Ipcf
Kpcf Protective checking factor
Ks Specified transient factor
Kx Dimensioning factor
Ktd Transient dimensioning factor
Ipn Rated primary current
Isn Rated secondary current
Ipsc Rated primary short-circuit current
Ipcf protective checking current
Isscmax Maximum symmetrical short-circuit current
Rct Secondary winding d.c. resistance at 75 °C / 167 °F (or
other specified temperature)
Rb Rated resistive burden
R’b = Rlead + Rrelay = actual connected resistive burden
Rs Total resistance of the secondary circuit, inclusive of
283
Chapter 26 Appendix
Abbrev. Description
the secondary winding resistance corrected to 75℃,
unless otherwise specified, and inclusive of all external
burden connected.
Rlead Wire loop resistance
Zbn Rated relay burden
Zb Actual relay burden
Tp Specified primary time constant
Ts Secondary loop time constant
5.4 General current transformer requirements
5.4.1 Protective checking current
The current error of CT should be within the accuracy limit required at

specified fault current.
To verify the CT accuracy performance, Ipcf, primary protective checking

current, should be chose properly and carefully.
For different protections, Ipcf is the selected fault current in proper fault
position of the corresponding fault, which will flow through the verified CT.
To guarantee the reliability of protection relay, Ipcf should be the maximum

fault current at internal fault. E.g. maximum primary three phase short-circuit
fault current or single phase earth fault current depended on system
sequence impedance, in different positions.
Moreover, to guarantee the security of protection relay, Ipcf should be the

maximum fault current at external fault.
Last but not least, Ipcf calculation should be based on the future possible
system power capacity
Kpcf, protective checking factor, is always used to verified the CT

performance
To reduce the influence of transient state, Kalf, Accuracy limit factor of CT,
should be larger than the following requirement
Ks, Specified transient factor, should be decided based on actual operation

state and operation experiences by user.
284
Chapter 26 Appendix
5.4.2 CT class
The selected CT should guarantee that the error is within the required
accuracy limit at steady symmetric short circuit current. The influence of short
circuit current DC component and remanence should be considered, based
on extent of system transient influence, protection function characteristic,
consequence of transient saturation and actual operating experience. To fulfill
the requirement on a specified time to saturation, the rated equivalent
secondary e.m.f of CTs must higher than the required maximum equivalent
secondary e.m.f that is calculated based on actual application.
For the CTs applied to transmission line protection, transformer differential

protection with 330kV voltage level and above, and 300MW and above
generator-transformer set differential protection, the power system time
constant is so large that the CT is easy to saturate severely due to system
transient state. To prevent the CT from saturation at actual duty cycle, TP
class CT is preferred.
For TPS class CT, Eal (rated equivalent secondary limiting e.m.f) is generally
determined as follows:
Where
Ks: Specified transient factor
Kssc: Rated symmetrical short-circuit current factor
For TPX, TPY and TPZ class CT, Eal (rated equivalent secondary limiting
e.m.f) is generally determined as follows:
Where
Ktd: Rated transient dimensioning factor
Considering at short circuit current with 100% offset
For C-t-O duty cycle,
t: duration of one duty cycle;
For C-t’-O-tfr-C-t”-O duty cycle,
t’: duration of first duty cycle;
285
Chapter 26 Appendix
t”: duration of second duty cycle;
tfr: duration between two duty cycle;
For the CTs applied to 110 - 220kV voltage level transmission line protection,
110 - 220kV voltage level transformer differential protection, 100-200MW
generator-transformer set differential protection, and large capacity motor
differential protection, the influence of system transient state to CT is so less
that the CT selection is based on system steady fault state mainly, and leave
proper margin to tolerate the negative effect of possible transient state.
Therefore, P, PR, PX class CT can be always applied.
For P class and PR class CT, Esl (the rated secondary limited e.m.f) is
generally determined as follows:
Kalf: Accuracy limit factor
For PX class CT, Ek (rated knee point e.m.f) is generally determined as

follows:
Kx: Dimensioning factor
For the CTs applied to protection for110kV voltage level and below system,
the CT should be selected based on system steady fault state condition. P
class CT is always applied.
5.4.3 Accuracy class
The CT accuracy class should guarantee that the protection relay applied is
able to operate correctly even at a very sensitive setting, e.g. for a sensitive
residual overcurrent protection. Generally, the current transformer should
have an accuracy class, which have an current error at rated primary current,
that is less than ±1% (e.g. class 5P).
If current transformers with less accuracy are used it is advisable to check the
actual unwanted residual current during the commissioning.
5.4.4 Ratio of CT
The current transformer ratio is mainly selected based on power system data
like e.g. maximum load. However, it should be verified that the current to the
protection is higher than the minimum operating value for all faults that are to
be detected with the selected CT ratio. The minimum operating current is
286
Chapter 26 Appendix
different for different functions and settable normally. So each function should
be checked separately.
5.4.5 Rated secondary current
There are 2 standard rated secondary currents, 1A or 5A. Generally, 1 A

should be preferred, particularly in HV and EHV stations, to reduce the
burden of the CT secondary circuit. Because 5A rated CTs, i.e. I2R is 25x
compared to only 1x for a 1A CT. However, in some cases to reduce the CT
secondary circuit open voltage, 5A can be applied.
5.4.6 Secondary burden
Too high flux will result in CT saturation. The secondary e.m.f is directly
proportional to linked flux. To feed rated secondary current, CT need to
generate enough secondary e.m.f to feed the secondary burden.
Consequently, Higher secondary burden, need Higher secondary e.m.f, and
then closer to saturation. So the actual secondary burden R’b must be less
than the rated secondary burden Rb of applied CT, presented
Rb > R’b
The CT actual secondary burden R’b consists of wiring loop resistance Rlead
and the actual relay burdens Zb in whole secondary circuit, which is
calculated by following equation
R’b = Rlead + Zb
The rated relay burden, Zbn, is calculated as below:
Where
Sr: the burden of IED current input channel per phase, in VA;
For earth faults, the loop includes both phase and neutral wire, normally twice
the resistance of the single secondary wire. For three-phase faults the neutral
current is zero and it is just necessary to consider the resistance up to the
point where the phase wires are connected to the common neutral wire. The
most common practice is to use four wires secondary cables so it normally is
sufficient to consider just a single secondary wire for the three-phase case.
In isolated or high impedance earthed systems the phase-to-earth fault is not

the considered dimensioning case and therefore the resistance of the single
secondary wire always can be used in the calculation, for this case.
287
Chapter 26 Appendix
5.5 Rated equivalent secondary e.m.f requirements
To guarantee correct operation, the current transformers (CTs) must be able

to correctly reproduce the current for a minimum time before the CT will
begin to saturate.
5.5.1 Line differential protection
The protection is designed to accept CTs with same characteristic but

different CT ratios between two terminals of feeder. The difference of ratio
should not be more than 4 times.
Because the operating characteristic of the line differential protection is based

on the calculation of fundamental component of current, the CT saturation will
result in too much error of the calculation of differential current and reduce the
security of the protection. The CT applied should meet following requirement.
For 330kV and above transmission line protection, TPY CT is preferred. To

guarantee the accuracy, Kssc should be satisfied following requirement:
Where
I’pcf: Maximum primary fundamental frequency fault current at internal faults

(A)
I”pcf: Maximum primary fundamental frequency fault current at external faults

(A)
Considering auto-reclosing operation, Eal should meet the following

requirement, at C-O-C-O duty cycle
Where
K’td: Recommended transient dimensioning factor for verification, 1.2.

recommended
To 220kV transmission line protection, Class 5P20 CT is preferred. Because

the system time constant is less relatively, and then DC component is less,
the probability of CT saturation due to through fault current at external fault is
reduced more and more.
Esl can be verified as below:
288
Chapter 26 Appendix
Where
Ks: Specified transient factor, 2 recommended
Only at special case, e.g. short output feeder of large power plant, the PX
class CT is recommended. Ek should be verified based on below equation.
Where
5.5.2 Transformer differential protection
It is recommended that the CT of each side could be same class and with
same characteristic to guarantee the protection sensitivity.
For the CTs applied to 330kV voltage level and above step-down transformer,
TPY class CT is preferred for each side.
For the CTs of high voltage side and middle voltage side, Eal should be
verified at external fault C-O-C-O duty cycle.
For the CT of low voltage side in delta connection, Eal should be verified at
external three phase short circuit fault C-O duty cycle.
Eal must meet the requirement based on following equations:
Where
K’td: Recommended transient dimensioning factor for verification, 3

recommended
For 220kV voltage level and below transformer differential protection, P Class,
PR class and PX class is able to be used. Because the system time constant
is less relatively, and then DC component is less, the probability of CT
saturation due to through fault current at external fault is reduced more and
more.
For P Class, PR class CT, Esl can be verified as below:
Where
For PX class CT, Ek can be verified as below:
289
Chapter 26 Appendix
Where
5.5.3 Busbar differential protection
The busbar differential protection is able to detect CT saturation in extremely

short time and then block protection at external fault. The protection can
discriminate the internal or external fault in 2-3 ms before CT saturation. So
the currents from different class CT of different feeders are permitted to inject
into the protection relay. The rated secondary e.m.f of CTs is verified by
maximum symmetric short circuit current at external fault.
For P Class, PR class CT,
For TP class CT,
Ipcf: Maximum primary short circuit current at external faults (A)
5.5.4 Distance protection
For 330kV and above transmission line protection, TPY CT is preferred. To

guarantee the accuracy, Kssc should be satisfied following requirement:
Where
I’pcf: Maximum primary fundamental frequency current at close-in forward

and reverse faults (A)
I”pcf: Maximum primary fundamental frequency current at faults at the end of

zone 1 reach (A)

Where
K’td: Recommended transient dimensioning factor for verification, 3.

recommended for line which length is shorter than 50kM, 5 recommended for
line which length is longer than 50kM
To 220kV voltage and below transmission line protection, P Class CT is
290
Chapter 26 Appendix
preferred, e.g. 5P20.
Where
Only at special case, e.g. short output feeder of large power plant, the PX
class CT is recommended. Ek should be verified based on below equation.
Where
5.5.5 Definite time overcurrent protection and earth fault

protection
For TPY CT,
Kssc should be satisfied following requirement:
Where

I”pcf: Maximum applied operating setting value (A)

Where
K’td: Recommended transient dimensioning factor for verification, 1.2

recommended
For P Class and PR class CT,
Kalf should be satisfied following requirement:
Where
291
Chapter 26 Appendix

I”pcf: Maximum applied operating setting value (A)
Where
For PX class CT,
Ek should be verified based on below equation.
Where
5.5.6 Inverse time overcurrent protection and earth fault

protection
For TPY CT,
Kssc should be satisfied following requirement:
Where
I’pcf: Maximum applied primary startup current setting value (A)

requirement, at C-O duty cycle
Where
K’td: Recommended transient dimensioning factor for verification, 1.2

recommended
For P Class and PR class CT,
Kalf should be satisfied following requirement:
Where
292
Chapter 26 Appendix
I’pcf: Maximum applied primary startup current setting value (A)
Where
For PX class CT,
Ek should be verified based on below equation.
Where
293

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CSC-121

Breaker Protection IED

 Information on how to configure the IED scope and a description of the

 Instructions for mounting and commissioning;

 Compilation of the technical specifications;

 A compilation of the most significant data for experienced users in the

Applicability of this Manual

This manual is valid for SIFANG Breaker Protection IED CSC-121.

Chapter “Single-phase voltage connection” applies to solidification software

Strictly follow the company and international safety regulations.

Never connect or disconnect wire and/or linker to or from IED during

Always connect the IED to protective earth regardless of the

Do not disconnect the secondary connection of current transformer

Do not remove the screw from a powered IED or from an IED

Using the certified conductive bags to transport PCBs (modules).

When replacing modules using a conductive wrist strap connected to

When installing and commissioning, take care to avoid electrical

About this chapter

This chapter gives an overview of SIFANG Breaker Protection

The IED has powerful capabilities to cover following applications:

 Used in a wide range of voltage levels, up to 1000kV

 Applied to overhead lines and cables, as backup protection IED

 Applicable in subtransmission network and distribution network

 Applied to transformer as backup protection IED

 Breaker management protection for any substation arrangement such as

 Work as a dedicated breaker protection for single circuit breaker

 Suitable for single pole/three poles tripping and closing conditions

 Communication with station automation system

The IED provides a completely protection functions library, including current

 A complete protection functions library, include:

 Overcurrent protection (50, 51, 67)

 Earth fault protection (50N, 51N, 67N)

 Neutral earth fault protection (50G, 51G, 67G)

 Sensitive earth fault protection (50Ns, 51Ns, 67Ns)

 Negative-sequence overcurrent protection (46)

 Thermal overload protection (49)

 Overload protection (50OL)

 Overvoltage protection (59)

 Undervoltage protection (27)

 Displacement voltage protection (64)

 Circuit breaker failure protection (50BF)

 Poles discordance protection (50PD)

 Dead zone protection (50SH-Z)

 Stub protection (50Stub)

 Synchro-check and energizing check (25)

 Auto-recloser function for single- and/or three-phase reclosing (79)

 Voltage transformer secondary circuit supervision (97FF)

 Current transformer secondary circuit supervision

 Self-supervision to all modules in the IED

 Complete information recording: tripping reports, alarm reports, startup

 Up to three electric/optical Ethernet ports can be selected to

 Up to two electric RS-485 ports can be selected to communicate with

 Time synchronization via network(SNTP), pulse and IRIG-B mode

 Configurable LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) and output relays satisfied

 Versatile human-machine interface

 Multifunctional software tool CSmart for setting, monitoring, fault

3.1 Protection functions

Table 1 Protection function

Overload protection 50OL PTOC 3I >OL

Breaker control function

Stub protection 50Stub PTOC 3I>Stub

IEC 61850 IEC 60617

Single- and/or three-pole tripping 94-1/3 PTRC