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Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter presents the introduction, background of the study, theoretical

framework, conceptual framework, statement of the problem, scope and

delimitation, significance of the study and the definition of terms.

Introduction

Journalizing transactions is the process of keeping a record of all your

business transactions, tracking them in chronological order, and generally includes

the date, the account you’re debiting or crediting and a brief description of the

transaction that occurred. Journalizing transactions is the crucial first step in the

accounting cycle. Journal entries serve as the building blocks for your financial

records, so it’s important to stay on top of them. All your business transactions,

including payments from clients and purchases you make for your business, are

journalized. Posting in accounting is when the balances in sub ledgers and the

general journal are shifted into the general ledger. Posting only transfers the total

balance in a sub ledger into the general ledger, not the individual transactions in

the sub ledger. An accounting manager may elect to engage in posting relatively

infrequently, such as once a month, or perhaps as frequently as once a day. [1]

In K to 12 Curriculum Accountancy and Business Management students

has their major subject such as Fundamentals of Accountancy and Business

Management 1, in this subject Journalizing and Posting Business transaction was

part of the lesson since it is also a step for completing the accounting cycle. It is
important for an Accountancy and Business Management learner being well-

trained in recording transaction because it can be applied on their future

professions.

Background of the Study

This study addresses several issues relating to the development and

acceptability of mini learning module for the lesson Journalizing and Posting

business transaction of the subject Fundamentals of Accounting and Business

Management 1 of selected Grade 11 Accountancy and Business Management

students of SCAS A.Y 2019-2020. The researcher’s part is to find out the possible

development and acceptability of the kind mini learning module of the Grade 11

Accountancy and Business Management students of SCAS.

Journal entries. The most basic method used to record a transaction is

the journal entry, where the accountant manually enters the account numbers

and debits and credits for each individual transaction. This approach is time -

consuming and subject to error, and so is usually reserved for adjustments and

special entries. In the following bullet points, we note the more automated

approaches used in accounting software to record the more common business

transactions (Bragg, 2018). Journal entries are the first step in the accounting

cycle and are used to record all business transactions and events in the

accounting system. As business events occur throughout the accounting period,

journal entries are recorded in the general journal to show how the event changed

in the accounting equation. [2]


Theoretical Framework

The rule of debit and credit is a fundamental theory behind accounting

procedures. This rule is derived from the concept of double-entry accounting,

which states that transactions are recorded in two or more accounts, where an

amount is entered on the debit side and an equal amount is entered on the credit

side. The practice of recording amounts on two sides is intended to minimize

errors. To determine whether accounts are debited or credited, an analysis of the

effect of the transaction must occur first as detailed above. An understanding of

the rule of debit and credit is fundamental to performing accurate accounting

procedures and the double-entry accounting system has specific rules of debit and

credit for recording transactions in the accounts.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to determine the development and acceptability of mini

learning module for the lesson Journalizing and Posting business transaction of

the subject Fundamentals of Accounting and Business Management 1 of selected

Grade 11 Accountancy and Business Management students of Sumulong College

of Arts and Sciences A.Y 2019-2020. Specifically, is sought to answer the following

questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age; and

1.2 Sex?
2. What is the level of acceptability of mini learning module for the lesson

journalizing and posting business transaction of the subject fundamentals

of accounting and business management 1 to the grade 11 Accountancy

and Business Management students of Sumulong College of Arts and

Sciences in terms of;

2.1 Validity;

2.2 Reliability; and

2.3 Accuracy?

3. Is there any significant difference between the level of acceptability of AM

and PM Session of grade 11 Accountancy and Business Management

students of Sumulong College of Arts and Sciences?

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework shows the input, process, and output of the

study.

The first frame under the input indicates the respondent’s profile and the

Level of Acceptability of mini learning module for the lesson journalizing and

posting business transaction of the subject fundamentals of accounting and

business management 1 to the grade 11 Accountancy and Business Management

students of Sumulong College of Arts and Sciences.A. Y 2019-2020.

The second frame is the process of collecting data included the conducting

survey questionnaire and interpretation of the gathered data using rating scale.
The third frame, the output includes the development and acceptability of

mini learning module for the lesson Journalizing and Posting business transaction

of the subject Fundamentals of Accounting and Business Management 1 of

selected Grade 11 Accountancy and Business Management students of Sumulong

College of Arts and Sciences A.Y 2019-2020.


Conceptual Model

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT


1. Student’s 1. Conducting a Determined the
Profile survey Development
1.1 Age; and questionnaire and Acceptability
1.2 Sex 2. Interpretation of Mini Learning
2. What is the of the Module for the
level of gathered lesson
acceptability of data using Journalizing and
mini learning rating scale. Posting Business
module in transaction of the
terms of: subject
2.1 Validity; Fundamentals of
2.2 Reliability; Accounting and
and Business
2.3 Accuracy? Management 1 of
selected Grade
11 Accountancy
and Business
Management
Students of
Sumulong
College of Arts
and Sciences.

FEEDBACK

Figure 1

Paradigm Showing the Relationship of the Variables


Hypothesis

There is a significant relationship between the level of acceptability of AM

and PM session of grade 11 Accountancy and Business Management students of

Sumulong College of Arts and Sciences.

Scope and Limitations

The focus of the study is to determine the Development and Acceptability

of mini learning module for the lesson Journalizing and posting business

transaction of the subject Fundamental of Accounting and Management 1 of

selected Accountancy and Business Management Grade 11 student of Sumulong

College of Arts and Sciences. This study conducted to students of Sumulong

College of Arts and Sciences, located at M. L Quezon Ext. Antipolo City in order

to help and to practice their knowledge for the subject Fundamentals of Accounting

and Management 1. The respondents of the study are the selected Grade11

Accountancy and Business Management student of Sumulong College of Arts and

Sciences. The researchers will first conduct a pre-test then prepare the mini

learning module to distribute to the respondent and lastly conduct a post-test. This

was used to easily collect data and processed into a reliable information.

Significance of the Study

The objective of this study is to know the Development and Acceptability of

mini learning Module for the lesson Journalizing and Posting Business transactions

of the subject Fundamentals of Accounting and business Management 1 of

Selected Accountancy and Business Management Grade11 students of Sumulong


College of Arts and Sciences. The findings of this study may help serve the

following;

Accountancy and Business Management Students. This study helps the

ABM students to know if the mini learning module will develop their knowledge in

the lesson of Journalizing and Posting business transactions of subject

Fundamentals of Accounting and Business Management 1.

Teachers. This study helps the teachers to make the discussion easier to

understand by the student relating to the lesson of journalizing and posting

business transaction.

School. This study will serve as additional document to the school library

and as a reference for the students of Sumulong College of Arts and Sciences.

Future Researchers. This study will serve as basis for the future

researchers in conducting a research that is related to the subject matter.

Definition of Terms

Journalizing. The process of systematically maintaining a record of all

economics business transactions after they have been identified and measures.

Posting. The act of moving debit and credit account balances from

individual journals to their corresponding ledgers. These ledgers are later used to

create a trial balance used to generate the income statement, balance sheet, and

other financial statements.


Business Transactions. An activity or event that can be measured in terms

of money and which affects the financial position or operations of the business

entity. A business transaction has an effect on any of the accounting elements –

assets, liabilities, capital, income, and expense.

Accounting. The art of recording, classifying, and summarizing in a

significant manner and in terms of money, transactions and events which are in

part at least of a financial character and interpreting the result thereof.

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