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Hüseyin GÜZEL Jul 4, 2017 3 min read

Basics of Primary MV Switchgear

 
Primary medium voltage switchgear
Primary medium voltage switchgear represents an important part within the primary
distribution substation functionality. The switchgear works as a connection node between the
outgoing distribution feeders and the in-feeding power transformers. The most common
construction with the switchgear is an indoor-mounted metal-enclosed one.
 
"The rated voltage, current and short circuit withstand ranges for secondary switchgears
typically reach up to 36 kV, 1250 A and 50 kA respectively.
Follow @eemhguzel  
 

Basics Of Primary Medium Voltage Switchgear (on photo: ABB's MV air-insulated metal-clad
switchgear, type 'UNISAFE'; credit: tamintablo.com)
 
The same switchgear constructions are used in primary distribution by the utilities and in
heavier industrial and power plant applications.
 
On a 36 kV voltage level also outdoor air-insulated constructions are used to some extent. These
switchgears are built at site utilizing individual standard components. This gives the possibility
to construct customer-specific solutions like busbar arrangements that are not available with
factory-built metal-enclosed switchgears.
 
 

Figure 1 – Example of primary medium voltage switchgear – UniGear ZVC feeder unit
 
 
With the release of the IEC 62271-200 standard, new definitions and classifications of Medium
Voltage switchgear have been introduced.
 
One of the most significant changes is that classification of switchgear into metal-enclosed,
compartmented and cubicle types has been abandoned. The revision of switchgear classification
rules has been based on the user’s point of view, in particular on aspects like service and
maintenance of the switchgear, according to the requirements and expectations for proper
management, from installation to dismantling.
 
"In this context, Loss of Service Continuity (LSC) has been selected as a fundamental parameter
for the user.
 
Switchgear construction
The following concentrates on factory-built metal-enclosed indoor switchgears. The primary
switching devices typically include switch disconnectors, fused switch disconnectors, contactors
and circuit breakers, either fixed or withdrawable. The current and voltage measurement can be
done either with traditional instrument transformers (CTs and VTs) or with sensors.
 
Certain combinations are also possible, depending on the individual switchgear manufacturer.
 
!!! Two main construction principles exist, namely the air-insulated one and the gas-insulated
(SF6) one. The choice between these two alternatives is a result of evaluation of different
aspects and differentiating factors during the switchgear’s life cycle.
 
This evaluation can typically include the following viewpoints:
Space requirements
Service requirements (tools and knowledge)
Reliability and availability
Installed base
Operational safety
Life cycle costs
Performance ratings
Switchgear consists of a number of cubicles. The basic construction of each cubicle is chosen to
meet the intended use. This means that for example the power transformer in-feed cubicle can
have different primary and secondary devices from what the outgoing line feeder cubicle has.
 
"The switchgear manufactures provide a selection of typical cubicle constructions. By combining
these typical cubicles, one can create switchgear suitable for the intended use.
 
 

Figure 2 – Example of typical cubicles for single-busbar solution

 
 
The number of different cubicles within the switchgear is coupled together by the busbars. In an
air-insulated construction, these busbars are placed in a metal-enclosed compartment
surrounded by normal air. With the gas-insulated construction, the busbars are placed in a
hermetically sealed metal enclosure under pressurized insulating gas (SF6).
 
Depending on the manufacturer, the busbar compartment can be divided into cubicle-wide
sections.
 
"Typical busbar arrangements supported by the different switchgear manufacturers are the
single-busbar and double-busbar arrangements.
 
 

Figure 3 – Example of typical cubicles for double-busbar solution

 
Protection, Control and Metering
The protection relays are externally powered advanced Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), also
referred to as Feeder Terminals. In a modern primary switchgear, the bay-dedicated functions
like protection, control and measurement are carried out with Feeder Terminals.
 
The Feeder Terminal performs the as signed protection functions, carries out the local and
remote control of switching devices, gathers and processes and displays measured data and
indicates the status of the switching devices.
 

Figure 4 – Air-insulated primary switchgear equipped with Feeder Terminals (type ‘UniGear
ZS1’)
 
 
The horizontal communication between feeder terminals in each cubicle provides the possibil-
ity for station level automation and gateway connections to upper level systems for complete
primary distribution network real-time control and monitoring.
 
Recommended literature to study //
Development of 22kV Distribution Systems and Switchgear
Instrument Transformers Application Guide
Substation Design Guidelines
Fixed or withdrawable MV switchgear?
ABB’s Power System Protection Practices (10+ guides)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
UniGear with UFES and Relion relays
 

 
Reference // Distribution Automation Handbook by ABB
 
#primary #MV #switchgear #unigear #construction #sensor #SF6 #protection #control #metering

Switchgears

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