Académique Documents
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CONSTITUTIONAL LAW I
First Semester, AY 2018-2019
Prof. Tony La Viña
A. Course Objectives:
B. Course Requirements
*Recommended References:
1. Joaquin Bernas S.J., The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines:
A Commentary. Rex Bookstore (2003)
2. Isagani and Carlo Cruz, Political Law (latest edition)
Facebook Link: You can request to be frined in Antonio La Viña (Tony), searchable as tonylavs
2. You can also choose to follow Tony La Viña (Antonio Gabriel) searchable as tonylavs or
Antonio Gabriel La Viña seachable as tonylavs5.
C. Course Overview
*Valino vs Adriano (GR 182894, 22 April 2014, read dissent of Justice Leonen)
*Ocampo et al. vs. Enriquez, G.R. Nos. 225973, November 2016. (Read all
dissents)
*Javellana vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. L-36142. March 31, 1973 (Read all
dissents)
*Lagman vs Medialdea G.R. No. 231658/G.R. No. 231771/G.R. No. 231774. July
4, 2017 (Read all dissents)
*Republic vs Sereno G.R. No. 237428. May 11, 2018 (Read all dissents)
*Jose Rizal, Noli Me Tangere and El Filubusterismo, see also ELIAS AND
SALOME, http://thelifeandworksofrizal.blogspot.com/2012/01/missing-chapter-
elias-and-salome.html
1. TERRITORY
*United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), Articles 46-54
http://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/unclos_e.pdf
*R. A. No. 3046 as amended b RA No. 5446 - "AN ACT TO DEFINE THE
BASELINES OF THE TERRITORIAL SEA OF THE PHILIPPINES"
Articles:
*Bateman, Behm, et. al Assessing the South China Award July 2016)
https://www.aspi.org.au/publications/assessing-the-south-china-sea-
award/SI108_SouthChinaSea_anthology.pdf
*Antonio T. Carpio, Protecting the nation’s marine wealth in the West Philippine
sea (2014), download at http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/aboutsc/justices/j-carpio/03-06-
14-speech.pdf
*Paterno Esmaquel II, Top Philippine judge uses Chinese maps vs. China (see
full presentation of Justice Carpio embedded in the Rappler article), download
at http://www.rappler.com/nation/60167-top-philippine-judge-carpio-chinese-
maps- china
*The Arbitral Award and the Future Management of the South China Sea
Disputes
https://amti.csis.org/arbitral-award-future-management-south-china-sea-disputes/
*The Surprising New Challenge for the US in the South China Sea
http://thediplomat.com/2016/09/the-surprising-new-challenge-for-the-us-in-the-
south-china-sea/
*The contest to control the South China Sea just got a lot more complicated
http://www.businessinsider.com/philippine-president-duterte-complicates-south-
china-sea-power-struggle-2016-10
*Rodrigo Duterte Has Achieved a Strange Feat in the South China Sea
http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/rodrigo-duterte-has-achieved-strange-
feat-the-south-china-17990
*http://philippineclaimoversabah.blogspot.com
*http://thediplomat.com/2016/05/malaysia-warns-philippines-duterte-against-
reigniting-sabah-dispute/
*https://kami.com.ph/14792-brace-june-puns-coming.html
*http://web.stanford.edu/group/tomzgroup/pmwiki/uploads/1072-1968-12-xx-ks-a-
ajg.pdf
2. PEOPLE
1.A CITIZENSHIP
Article IV, Sections 1-5
CASE LIST
• Poe-Llamanzares v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 221697-
700, Mar. 8, 2016/
• David v. Poe-Llamanzares, SET Case No. 001-15, Nov. 17, 2005,
available at http://www.set.gov.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2015/11/SET-Decision-SET-CASE-001-15-
David-v-Poe-Lamanzares.pdf
• Aznar v. COMELEC, 185 SCRA 703 (1990)
• Tecson vs Comelec (FPJ case) 424 SCRA
277 (2004)
• Co v. Electoral Tribunal of the House of Representatives,
199 SCRA 692 (1991)
• Willie Yu v. Defensor-Santiago, 169 SCRA 364 (1989)
• Labo v. COMELEC, 176 SCRA 1 (1989)
• Frivaldo v. COMELEC,174 SCRA 245
• Frivaldo vs. COMELEC, 257 SCRA 727 (1996)
• Angat v. Republic, 314 SCRA 438 (1999.)
• Bengzon v. Cruz, 357 SCRA 545 (2001)
• Valles v. COMELEC, 337 SCRA 543 (2000.)
• Mercado vs. Manzano and COMELEC, 307
SCRA 630 (1999)
LAWS
THE DUAL CITIZENSHIP LAW, R.A. 9225 (2004)
B. SUFFRAGE
Article 5, Sections 1-2
CASE LIST
LAWS
RA 9189 (THE OVERSEAS ABSENTEE VOTING ACT)
3. GOVERNMENT
See Bernas, S.J., pp. 35-46
CASE LIST
a. Government of the Philippines, Defined
• U.S. v. Dorr, 2 Phil. 332, at 339 (1903)
b. Constituent and Ministrant and Functions of the Government
• Bacani vs. Nacoco, November 29, 1956.
e. Revolutionary Government
• Republic v. Sandiganbayan, 406 SCRA 190 (2003)
• In Re: Bermudez, G.R. No. 76180, 24 October 1986.
f. Parens Patriae
• Government v. Monte de Piedad, 35 Phil. 728 (1916)
• Southern Luzon Drug Corporation v. DSWD, G.R. No.
199669, 25 April 2017.
i. Money Claims
• Ministerio v. CFI, 40 SCRA 464 (1971)
CASE LIST
a. Composition
• Chavez v. Judicial and Bar Council, G.R. No. 202242, 17 July
2012.
• Social Justice Society v. Dangerous Drugs Board, G.R. No.
157870, 3 November 2008.
• Sema v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 177597, 16 July 2008.
• Aquino v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 189793, 7 April 2010.
LAWS:
• RA No. 7941: AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE ELECTION OF PARTY-LIST
REPRESENTATIVES THROUGH THE PARTY-LIST SYSTEM, March 3, 1995.
• RA No. 6735: AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A SYSTEM OF INITIATIVE AND
REFERENDUM, August 4, 1989
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
VI. WHO INTERPRETS THE CONSTITUTION AND THE LAW AND WHO RESOLVES
DISPUTES? (JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT)
A. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
Article VIII, Sections 1, 4(2), 5(2), 5(5)
B. CASE LIST:
http://www.constitution.org/fed/federa78.htm.
3. Actual Controversy
• Mariano v. COMELEC, 242 SCRA 211 (1995)
• Province of North Cotabato v. GRP, Esperon et. al.,
G.R. No. 183591, October 14, 2008
• Muskrat v. United States, 219 US 346 (1911)
• Lozano v. Nograles, G.R. No. 187883, 16 June
2009.
• Knights of Rizal v. DMCI, G.R. No. 213948, Apr. 18,
2017
5. Legal Standing
• Macasiano v. NHA, 224 SCRA 236 (1993)
• Kilosbayan v. Guingona, 232 SCRA 110 (1994)
• Senate of the Philippines v. Ermita, 488 SCRA 1,
at 39 (2006)
• Fortun v. Macapagal-Arroyo, G.R. No. 120293, 20
March 2012.
6. Lis Mota
• General v. Urro, G.R. No. 191560, 29 March 2011.
8. Taxpayer’s suit
• Tatad v. Garcia, Jr, 243 SCRA 436 (1995)
• Pascual v. Secretary of Public Works & Communications, 110
Phil. 331 (1960)
• Del Mar vs. PAGCOR, 346 SCRA 485 (2000)
9. Political Question
• Tanada v. Cuenco, 13 SCRA 375 (1965)
• Daza v. Singson, 180 SCRA 496 (1989)
• Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186 (1962)
• Francisco v. House of Representatives, G.R. No.
160261, 10 November 2003.
Recent cases:
*Jose Jesus M. Disini, Jr., et al vs. Secretary of Justice G.R. No. 203335 February
11, 2014; See also resolution on motion for reconsideration (April 22, 2014
* Lawyers Against Monopoly and Poverty (LAMP)) vs. The Secretary of Budget
and Management, GR No. 164987, April 24, 2012
*Garcia v. Drilon GR No. 179267, June 25, 2013
B. JUDICIAL POWER
• Lopez v. Roxas, 17 Phil 766 (1966)
CASE LIST
• Galido v. COMELEC, 193 SCRA 78 (1991)
• Mateo v. CA, 247 SCRA 284 (1995)
• Garces v. CA, 259 SCRA 99 (1996)
• CHREA v. CHR, G.R. 155336, July 21, 2006
• Gaminde v. Commission on Audit, G.R. No. 140335, 13 December
2000.
CASE LIST
• Mathay, Jr. Civil Service Commission, 312 SCRA 91 (1999)
• CSC v. Salas, 274 SCRA 414 (1997)
• Binamira v. Garrucho, Jr., 188 SCRA 154 (1990)
• Canonizado v. Aguirre, 323 SCRA 312 (2000)
• Luego v. CSC, 143 SCRA 327 (1986)
• Flores v. Drilon and Gordon, 223 SCRA 508 (1993)
• Civil Service Commission vs. Maricelle M. Cortes, G.R. No. 200103
April 23, 2014
• Department of Health v. NLRC, G.R. No. 113212, 29 December
1995.
CASE LIST
• Brillantes v. Yorac, 192 SCRA 358 (1990)
• Buac and Bautista v. COMELEC, 421 SCRA 92 (2004)
• LDP v. COMELEC, 423 SCRA 665 (2004)
• Kilosbayan v. COMELEC, 280 SCRA 892 (1997)
• Salazar v. COMELEC, 184 SCRA 433 (1990)
• Sanidad v. COMELEC, 181 SCRA 529 (1990)
• Diocese of Bacolod vs. COMELEC G.R. No. 205728 January 21,
2015
• GMA Network, Inc. vs. COMELEC, Senator Alan Peter
"COMPAÑERO" S. Cayetano G.R. No. 20535, September 2, 2014
• Maliksi v. COMELEC and Saquilayan G.R. No. 203302, Maliksi v.
COMELEC, March 12, 2013, reconsidered April 11, 2013
• National Press Club v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 102653, 5 March 1992.
• Bulilis v. Nuez, G.R. No. 195953, 9 August 2011.
CASE LIST
• DBP v. COA, 373 SCRA 356 (2002)
• Dingcong v. Guingona Jr., 162 SCRA 782 (1988)
• Danville Maritime, Inc. v. COA, 175 SCRA 701 (1989)
• Ramos v. Aquino, 39 SCRA 256 (1971)
• Funa vs. Manila Economic and Cultural Office and the Commission
on Audit, G.R. No. 193462, February 4, 2014
• Funa vs. Villar GR No. 192791, April 24, 2012
• Veloso v. COA, G.R. No. 193677,6 September 2011.
c. National Commissions
• Commission on Human Rights (Article XIII)
➢ Commission on Human Rights Employees Association vs.
Commission on Human Rights, G.R. No. 155336, 21 July
2006.
➢ Simon v. Commission on Human Rights, G.R. No. 100150, 5
January 1994.
• National Language Commission ( Article XIV, Section
9)
• National Police Commission (Article XVI, Section 6)
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
Article X, Sections 1-21
CASE LIST
• Basco v. Pagcor, 197 SCRA 52 (1991)
• Limbona v. Mangelin, 170 SCRA 786)
• Ganzon v. CA, 200 SCRA 271 (1991)
• Pelaez v. Auditor General, 15 SCRA 569 (1965)
• Paredes v. The Executive Secretary, 128 SCRA 6
(1984) Acebedo Optical Company v. CA, 329 SCRA 314 (2000)
• Binay v. Domingo, 201 SCRA 508, 514 (1991)
• Dadole v. COA, 393 SCRA 262 (2002)
• Drilon v. Lim, 235 SCRA 135 (1994)
• Province of Rizal v. Executive Secretary, 477 SCRA 436 (2005)
• League of Cities of the Philippines vs. Commission on Elections, G.R.
Nos.176951, 177499,178056, December 21, 2009
• Province of North Cotabato v. GRP, Esperon, et. al. G.R. No. 183591, October
14, 2000
LAWS
1. The Local Government Code of 1991
2. R. A. No. 9054 - The Organic Act of Muslim Mindanao
3. Final version of Bangsamoro Basic Law
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
Article XI, Sections 1-18
CASE LIST
• Lacson v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 128096, 20 January 1999.
• Uy v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 105965, 20 March 2011.
• Nuñez v. Sandiganbayan, 111 SCRA 433, (1982)
• Office of the Ombudsman vs. Atty. Valera, 471 SCRA 715 (2005.)
• Ledesma vs. CA, 465 SCRA 437 (2005)
• In Re Gonzales, 160 SCRA 771 (1988)
• Francisco, et al. v. House Speaker , et al., 415 SCRA 44 (2003)
• Zaldivar v. Sandiganbayan, 160 SCRA 843 (1988)
• Laurel v. Desierto, 381 SCRA 48 (2002)
• Azarcon v. Sandiganbayan, 268 SCRA 747 (1997)
• Honasan II v. Panel of Investigating Prosecutors of the Department
of Gonzales III vs. Office of the President of the Philippines, acting
through and represented by executive secretary Paquito N. Ochoa,
Jr., G.R. No. 196231 January 28, 2014
• Flor Gupilan-Aguilar and Honore R. Hernandez, vs. Office of the
Ombudsman, G.R. No. 197307 February 26, 2014
• Marcos, Jr. vs. Republic of the Philippines, represented by the
Presidential Commission on Good Government, G.R. No. 189434
March 12, 2014
• Ligot, et al. v. Republic GR No. 176944, March 6, 2013
• Herminio T. Disini vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. 169823-24,
September 11, 2013
• Corona vs. Senate . GR No. 200242, July 17,2012
• Arroyo vs. People, G.R. No. 220598 (2016)
• REPUBLIC VS, SERENO G.R. No. 237428. May 11, 2018
LAWS: R.A. No. 6713 - Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and
Employees." February 20, 1989 (See also The Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices
Act)
CASE LIST
LAWS: R.A No. 8371: The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997.
CASE LIST
• Bautista vs. Salonga, 172 SCRA 160 (1989)
• Federation of Free Farmers v. CA, 107 SCRA 352 (1981)
• Association of Small Landowners v. Secretary of Agrarian Reform,
175 SCRA 343 (1989))
• Cariño v. CHR, 204 SCRA 483 (1991)
• Cuba v. Cuenco, 502 vs. 324, (2006)
D. OTHER ASPIRATIONS
All provisions of Articles XIV, XV & XVI
CASE LIST
• Ateneo de Manila University v. CA, 145 SCRA 100 (1986)
• Licup v. University of San Carlos, 178 SCRA 637 (1989)
• Miriam College Foundation v. CA, 348 SCRA 265 ( 2000)
• University of San Carlos v. CA, 166 SCRA 570 (1988)
• Office of the President v. Buenaobra, 501 SCRA 302 (2006)
B. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS
Article XVII, Sections 1-4
C. CASE LIST
• Javellana vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. L-
36142. March 31, 1973
• Sanidad v. COMELEC, 73 SCRA 333 (1976)
• Ratification Cases, 50 SCRA 30, 373, note 3
(1973)
• Gonzales v. COMELEC, 21 SCRA 774, 797
(1967)
• Planas v. COMELEC, 49 SCRA 105 (1973)
• Tolentino v. COMELEC, 41 SCRA 702 (1971)
• Santiago v. COMELEC, 270 SCRA 106 (1997)
• Lambino v. COMELEC, 505 SCRA 160 (2006)
D. LAWS:
• R.A. 6735: AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A SYSTEM OF
INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM. August 4, 1989.
Reference: Antonio La Viña, How to Change the Constitution (2007)
Constitutional Change exercise