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EMILYN B. RATILLA
JUNE 2019
GROWTH AND YIELD OF CUCUMBER (Cucumis sativus) IN RESPONSE
TO DIFFERENT ORGANIC FERTILIZERS GROWN UNDER
LINANGKOB, KIDAPAWAN CITY CONDITION
EMILYN B. RATILLA
MAY 2019
TRANSMITTAL SHEET
NICOLAS A. TURNOS, Ph D.
Adviser
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Date
APPROVAL SHEET
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Member, Examining Committee Chairperson, Examining Committee
___________________________ ___________________________
Date Date
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Date
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Preliminary Page
Title Page ii
Approval Sheet iv
Table of Contents v
List of Figures ix
List of Appendices x
CHAPTER I- INTRODUCTION 1
Assumptions
INTRODUCTION
the most popular members of the cucurbitaceae family (Lower and Edwards,
by man with historical records dating back 5,000 years (Wehner and Guner,
2004). The crop is the fourth most important vegetable after tomato, cabbage
and onion in Asia (Tatlioglu, 1993), the second most important vegetable crop
after tomato in Western Europe (Phu, 1997). In tropical Africa, its place has
not been ranked because of limited use. Fertile soils are used for the
which are often rejected by consumers. Bush fallowing has been an efficient,
balanced and sustainable agricultural system for soil productivity and fertility
increase in the population, the fallowing periods have decreased from ten
years to three years and this has had an adverse effect on the fertility
inputs in the form of farmyard manures and fertilizer has become imperative.
Farmyard manure has been used as a soil conditioner since ancient times and
its benefit have not been fully harnessed due to large quantities required in
order to satisfy the nutritional needs of crops (Makinde et al. 2007). The need
for renewable forms of energy and reduced cost of fertilizing crops, have
revived the use of organic manures worldwide (Ayoola and Adeniran, 2006).
farmers.
There are close to 100 varieties, but common ones include the English,
garden, Persian, mini, and lemon. The English cucumber is the longest, is
cucumbers is thin and often does not require peeling. In contrast, the garden
cucumber has a dark waxy skin. The skin is normally removed by consumers
because of its bitter taste. Persian cucumbers are called burpless because
they tend to be smaller, sweeter, and seedless. The skin is smoother, thinner,
and, similar to the English variety, does not require peeling. These cucumbers
tend to be milder and easier on the digestive system. Kirby cucumbers are the
smallest. These mini cucumbers are becoming popular in the marketplace due
to consumer preferences. They have a wide variety of skin colors ranging from
yellow to dark green. Lemon cucumbers are round and yellow, resembling
lemons, but they are sweet, have thin skins, and contain seeds.
The use of different chemical fertilizers has an effect in the increasing of
modern trends , especially after the 1990s decade focused on the need to
reduce the use of chemical fertilizers because of their negative effect that
cause ecological and medical problems as well as the effect on the biological
varieties and properties of soil and water which considered one of the
purposes of organic agriculture is to produce plants that are free toxic effects
slowly and steadily and activates soil microbial biomass ( Ayuso et al.,1996;
Belay et al., 2001). Organic manures can sustain cropping systems through
Shakweer et al., 1998). The use of inorganic fertilizer has not been helpful
under intensive agriculture because of its high cost and it is often associated
with reduced crop yields, soil degradation, nutrient imbalance and acidity
(Kang and Juo, 1980;Obi and Ebo, 1995). It has been observed that addition
of manure increases the soil water holding capacity and this means that
nutrients would be made more available to crops where manures have been
Fertile soils are used for the cultivation of cucumber; infertile soils result
in bitter and misshapen fruits which are often rejected by consumers. Bush
2006), but as a result of increase in the population, the fallowing periods have
decreased from ten years to three years and this has had an adverse effect on
the fertility restoration leading to poor yields of crops. Therefore, the use of
external inputs in the form of farmyard manures and fertilizer has become
ancient times and its benefit have not been fully harnessed due to large
al. 2007). The need for renewable forms of energy and reduced cost of
fertilizing crops, have revived the use of organic manures worldwide (Ayoola
health are important reasons for advocating increased use of organic materials
(Ojeniyi, 2000; Maritus and Vleic, 2001). However, because it is bulky, the cost
farmers. Farmyard manure release nutrients slowly and steadily and activates
manures can sustain cropping systems through better nutrient recycling and
With this, the researcher intends to find the best organic fertilizer to
be used to enhance the growth of cucumber that would give satisfactory yield
1. To evaluate the effects of different organic fertilizers on the growth and yield
of cucumber grown under USMARC, Kabacan, Cotabato condition.
The study will be limited only to the evaluation of the growth and yield
response of cucumber applied with different organic fertilizers grown under
Kabacan, Cotabato condition in two months period. The effect of different
organic fertilizers will be compared.
Control- refers to the treatment that is arranged so that some known cause of
variation is eliminated to reduced experimental errors.
Cucumber- a long, green-skinned fruit with watery flesh, usually eaten raw in
salads or pickled, the climbing plant of the gourd family that yields this fruit,
native to the Chinese Himalayan region. It is widely cultivated but very rare in
the wild.
Pest- a destructive insect or other animal that attacks crops, food, livestock,
etc.
Poultry manure- Poultry manure fertilizer contains all the essential nutrients
required for crop production, and its value as an organic fertilizer and a source
of plant nutrients has been recognized for centuries. Even with its beneficial
effects on plant growth, however, manure constitutes only a small percentage
of the nutrients applied to cropland when compared to commercial fertilizer.
Marketable fruits refer to the cucumber fruits without damage and are free
from physical defect.
Non-marketable fruits refer to the cucumber fruits that have been damaged by
insect pests and diseases and have physical defects.
Yield refers to the amount of the harvested cucumber fruits in kilograms and
tons per hectare.
Botanical Description
Seed germination
Planting of cucumber
Spacing of cucumber
Soil requirement
Cucumbers prefer light textured soils that are well drained, high in organic
matter and have a pH of 6 - 6.8. Adapted to a wide-range of soils, but will
produce early in sandy soils. Cucumbers are fairly tolerant to acid soils (down
to pH 5.5).
Nutrient Requirements
Cucumbers have low nitrogen requirements, but they need high potassium
and high phosphorus levels. With commercial fertilizer formulas, this means
the first of the three numbers on the package should be much lower than the
other two. Knowing your soil type helps determine how much and what
nutrients your cucumbers need. Sandy soils leach vital substances and
become nutrient-poor quickly. Heavy soils can lock nutrients up. Adding
compost before planting improves most garden soil. The organic matter
Trellising
Cucumber vines can be trained on trellises to save space and improve yield
and fruit quality. But the high cost of trellising makes commercial production by
this method uneconomical in most cases. Greenhouse cucumbers must be
trellised, because the long fruit bend if they rest on the ground.
Harvesting
Organic fertilizers
The use of inorganic fertilizer has not been helpful under intensive
agriculture because of its high cost and it is often associated with reduced
crop yields, soil degradation, nutrient imbalance and acidity (Kang and Juo,
1980; Obi and Ebo, 1995).
Chicken dung
Carabao manure
K Humate
NPK
J 777
The bacterial colonies in turn provide auxins and other root stimulation
compounds. More root tissue and root hairs increases the plants ability to
uptake water and fertilize ions. Once the plants' pumping systems has been
activated by nutrients from J-777 Organic Foliar Fertilizer, the resulting activity
is a chain reaction where optimum growth is achieved.
(http://www.J777inc.com/content/how-it-works)
Power Grow was approved by the Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority and
can be applied to rice, corn, vegetables, strawberries, dragon fruit, plantation
crops, and fruit-bearing trees. For fruiting vegetables including corn, spray
Power Grow Green 14 days after planting at 80 ml per tank load at 7 to 10
days interval. When the plant starts to flower, switch to Power Grow Red at 80
to 100 ml per tank load after every 7 to 10 days until 2 weeks before harvest.
(http://agriculture.com.ph/2018/02/27/liquid-foliar-fertilizer-increases-crop-
yield/)
Analysis of Different Organic Fertilizers
(Albaran, 2015)
No. Description Total N (%) P2O5 (%) K2O (%)
1 Chicken Dung 2.53 4.22 2.05
(Baluli, 2015)
No. Description Total N (%) P2O5 (%) K2O (%)
2 Carabao Manure 1.39 1.94 0.99
Lopez, 2015
No. Description Total N (%) P2O5 (%) K2O (%)
3 Vermicompost 1.83 0.82 0.88
Bacterial wilt. Bacterial wilt can cause the plants to wilt and then die
fast. You will know if the disease is present in the plant when a white
substance will stick to your finger the moment you pull it away. The bacteria
that are causing the disease invade the plant's vascular tissues, which lead to
a rapid wilt of the plant. The sticky substance produced by the bacterial wilt
organism plugs the tissues, preventing the transport of water.
Aphids. The melon aphid (also known as the cotton aphid) is the most
important as a pest. Melon aphids vary in size and color. Most
are approximately 1/16th of an inch long and light yellow to green to black in
color. They have black eyes, leg joints, and cornicles. Aphids usually start to
colonize cucumber plants after the plants start to form runners. Aphids are
typically found on the undersides of leaves where they feed by inserting a
straw-like mouthpart, called a stylet, into, the leaves to suck out plant sap. This
feeding can result in leaf distortions, including twisting, puckering, and
cupping. Eventually, colonized leaves will turn brown and die. Aphids excrete
honeydew on the leaves, which gives the leaves a glossy appearance. The
honeydew provides nutrients for the growth of sooty mold fungi, which can
cover leaves and fruit with dark brown fungal growth that is difficult to remove
from fruit and reduces the plant’s ability to photosynthesize.
Thrips. These are small (1/25th-inch long), slender insect with sucking
and rasping mouth parts. Species, such as the western flower thrips, feed on
plants, which can cause damage and yield reductions if populations are high.
thrips also eats spider mites, so it can also act as a beneficial insect. Monitor
thrips populations with yellow sticky traps during the flowering period,
and evaluate plants for thrips damage. If the presence of thrips is
damaging the shoot tips, flowers, or fruit, then an insecticide
application may be needed. Proper weed management will help keep
thrips populations at a low level.
Conceptual Framework
Independent Dependent
Variables Variables
Agronomical Data
Organic Fertilizer
Mortality rate
Chicken dung
Plant height
Carabao manure
Number of
Vermicompost
Cucumber
leaves
(variety) K Humate S100
Yield Parameters
J777
Bounty Grow Number of
marketable
and non-
marketable
fruits
Weight of
marketable
Fig. 1 A schematic diagram showing the interactions between the
and non –
independent and dependent variables. USMARC, Kabacan
marketable
Cotabato.
fruits
Fruit weight
Hypotheses
METHODOLOGY
T5 T8 T3
T2 T1 T5
T7 1m T3 T2
0.5m
T3 T2 T6
T7 T1
T8
T5 T4
T4
T6 T4 T8
Legend:
The experimental area to be used in the set up for growth and yield evaluation
will be thoroughly cleaned by removing grasses and other unnecessary
materials in the area. The field may require plowing or sub soiling to break a
hard pan. The field is then disked and/or tilled to break up soil clods.
The total experimental area of 162 sq.m including alley of 1m between
rows and 0.5m between plots will be divided into 24 plots. The dimension of
each plot is 0.5x 5m. Each plot will have 12 sample plants per treatment. The
area to be used in this study must be free from any inorganic materials or
never been applied with inorganic fertilizers.
Seed sowing