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1. In an experiment on birds learning to sing, young male chicks were exposed only to the songs sung by another
species. Later, as they approached maturity, songs of their own species were played to them. When the birds
reached maturity, they were able to sing neither the typical song of their species nor the full song of the second
species. Which of the following accounts for this result?
2. The different species of finches on the Galapagos islands are believed to have arisen as a result of natural
selection acting on populations of finches that had experienced
3. The least effective means of controlling pest species such as rats or roaches over a long period of time is
generally to
4. Most cells that have been transformed into cancer cells have which of the following characteristics when
compared to normal, healthy cells?
5. If organisms A, B, and C belong to the same order but to different families and if organisms D, E and F belong to
the same family but to different genera, which of the following pairs of organisms would be expected to show the
greatest degree of structural homology?
A. They are essential for metabolic reactions in animals but not in plants.
B. They can facilitate metabolic reactions by combining with enzymes at their active site.
C. They are minerals that alter the pH of cells and thus increase the probability of chemical reactions.
D. They are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotic cells.
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E. They typically work best at temperatures below 37 C.
7. Which of the following terms refers to both the movement of a ribosome along a piece of mRNA and the
movement of a piece of one chromosome to another chromosome?
9. Which of the following provides the weakest evidence that mitochondria were once free-living prokaryotes?
10. Analysis of DNA sequences from two individuals of the same species results in a greater estimate of genetic
variability than does analysis of amino acid sequences from the same individuals because
A. different DNA sequences can code for the same amino acid
B. some amino acid variations cannot be detected by protein electrophoresis
C. DNA sequencing is a more reliable technique than protein electrophoresis
D. proteins are more easily damaged than is DNA
E. DNA is more heat-sensitive and therefore varies more
11. Which of the following best describes the cells that result from the process of meiosis in mammals?
12. The function of which of the following structures is NOT directly related to diffusion or active transport across its
membranes?
13. A part of the brain used in the transfer of information from one cerebral hemisphere to the other is the
14. Fruits often ripen faster when placed in closed paper bags because of the effect of
15. Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are related in that both
17. Which of the following processes is associated with some prokaryotic cells but not with eukaryotic cells?
18. Certain metabolic pathways are affected by the buildup of a product which interacts with an enzyme catalyzing
one of the initial steps of the pathway; this can be an example of
19. All of the following statements about neurotransmitters are generally true EXCEPT:
20. A customer observed that particular potted plant in a restaurant was bigger and greener than other plants in the
room. When asked, the owner said that he poured leftover club soda (carbonated water) into the plant’s pot every
day. Which of the following best explains how the club soda affected that plant’s growth?
A. The basic pH of the club soda caused the plant to grow rapidly.
B. The temperature of the club soda promoted faster growth.
C. Oxygen bubbles from the club soda oxygenated the soil.
D. The roots absorbed the CO2 necessary for photosynthesis.
E. The roots received more moisture, and the leaves were exposed to more CO2.
22. All of the following could reduce the yield of photosynthetic products EXCEPT
24. Which of the following can be diagnosed by examining a karyotype of an individual’s white blood cells?
25. In mammals, a decrease in body temperature results in which of the following responses?
END OF PART I.
PART II: EXTENDED RESPONSE (50 points total) – Please write your answers on a separate piece of paper.
a. Some organisms digest food intracellularly, while others digest food extracellularly.
i: (5 points) Identify ONE nonvertebrate organism that digests food intracellularly and describe the
process.
ii: (5 points) Identify ONE nonvertebrate organism that digests food extracellularly and describe the
process.
b. (10 points) Describe TWO structural features of the human stomach and/or small intestine. For each, describe
how the structure relates to the function.
c. (10 points) Plants have a variety of mechanisms for obtaining nutrients. Describe TWO plant structures and
explain how each structure is utilized in nutrient uptake.
27. Homeostatic maintenance of optimal blood glucose levels has been intensively studied in vertebrate organisms.
a. (5 points) Pancreatic hormones regulate glucose levels. Identify TWO pancreatic hormones and describe the
effect of each hormone on blood glucose levels.
b. (10 points) For ONE of the hormones you identified in (a), identify ONE target cell and discuss the mechanism
by which the hormone can alter activity in that target cell. Include in your discussion a description of reception,
cellular transduction, and response.
c. (5 points) Compare the cell-signaling mechanisms of steroid hormones and protein hormones.
Put an X through the letter of the correct answer. At first, start with a pencil so you can erase any mistakes. When
you are sure of your answers, go over the pencil mark using a pen or a marker.
Question Question
Number Number
1 A B C D E 14 A B C D E
2 A B C D E 15 A B C D E
3 A B C D E 16 A B C D E
4 A B C D E 17 A B C D E
5 A B C D E 18 A B C D E
6 A B C D E 19 A B C D E
7 A B C D E 20 A B C D E
8 A B C D E 21 A B C D E
9 A B C D E 22 A B C D E
10 A B C D E 23 A B C D E
11 A B C D E 24 A B C D E
12 A B C D E 25 A B C D E
13 A B C D E