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Design of fire
resistance of timber
structures
Alar Just
Tallinn, 13.09.2005
Eurocode programme
• Started in 1975 on initiative of the Comission of
European Community
• End of 1980s first set of Eurocodes
• 1990s published as European pre-standards ENV
• April 2004 - first EN standard
• Next step is the 2nd generation of EN standards
Eurocode 5 – Design of timber structures
Ed,fi = ηEd
glulam 1,15
LVL(Kerto) 1,1
EN 1995-1-2:2004
Charring depth
Charring at one side
dchar,o = β0 t
t time
βo, βn charring rate
Charring rates
βo, βn
mm/min mm/min
Softwood
Glulam 0,65 0,7
Sawn timber 0,65 0,8
Hardwood
characteristic density 290 kg/m3 0,65 0,7
- “ – over 450 kg/m3 0,5 0,55
Charring rates
Charring rate βo may be used if minimal dimension of
cross-section is greater than
2dchar,n + 80 if dchar,0 ≥ 13 mm
bmin =
8,15dchar,n if dchar,0 < 13 mm
dchar,0
bmin
EN 1995-1-2:2004
Protected surfaces
dchar,0
or
dchar,n
[mm]
aeg t
1 unprotected surface
tch charring starts
2a protection remains on place
tf protective layer failes
2b protection has fallen off
ta charring depth 25 mm
2c charring rate reduces to the
rate of unprotected timber
EN 1995-1-2:2004
Protected surfaces
d0 = 7 mm kmod,fi = 1
k0
Connections
• Unprotected “wood-to-wood” connections, designed
by EN 1995-1-1
bolts 15 t1 ≥45 mm
dowels 20 t1 ≥45 mm
Connections
To achieve greater fire resistance:
• Increase required distances by afi
• Decrease loads by factor η
• To use both
EN 1995-1-2:2004
Connections
• Fire resistance td,fi until 30 min
– Increase of distances by afi
βn charring rate
kflux coefficient taking into
account increased heat
flux through the
fastener
Connections
• Reduced load method FV,Rk,fi = η FV,Rk
Connections
Protected connections tch ≥ treq- 0,5 td,fi
• Wood or gypsum plasterboard (type A,H)
• Gypsum plasterboard (type F)
tch ≥ treq- 1,2 td,fi
Connections
Inner steel plates