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Nomenclature

Taper Roller
Bearings
32302 B J2 / Q CL7A

1 3
2 4

1. Contact Angle: 3. Features:


B Steep contact angle Q Improved friction torque
— Standard contact angle characteristics and
raceway geometry

2. Internal Design: 4. Quality:


J2 Internal design change CL7A Standard SKF quality for
to pressed steel cage pinion bearings
rolling element guided
CL7C Special SKF quality for
X Boundary dimensions pinion bearings
according to ISO standards

DF Duplex (2) bearings, face-to-


face arrangement including 1
outer ring spacer

209
Taper Roller Bearings

Technical Features
Product Details

Boundary Dimensions In accordance with ISO 355-1977


DIN 616 (large bearings)

Tolerances Normal

Heat Stabilization 302 °F (150 °C)

Misalignment 3 minutes of arc (logarithmic profile rollers)


(Under heavy load
conditions) 1.5 degrees for all series

Cage Material
Standard Steel
Optional None

Axial Load – max Contact SKF Applications Engineering

Seals Not available

Single Row Double Row


Taper Roller Bearing Taper Roller Bearing
(data tables on page 216) (data tables on page 226)

210
Taper Roller Bearings
Introduction

Introduction Basic Design Product Highlights


Taper roller bearings have tapered inner Single row taper roller bearings
and outer ring raceways between which Continuous improvements made to SKF
tapered rollers are arranged. If extended, taper roller bearings resulted in the latest Suitable for heavy loads
the tapered surfaces converge towards a state of the art design known as the TQ-line Taper roller bearings are designed for
single point on the bearing axis. This (suffix Q). The sliding surfaces of the inner heavy combined axial and radial loads.
means that rolling conditions are at an ring guide flange and the roller ends have
optimum. been redesigned to enable lubricant feed to Offer longer life and higher
Their design makes taper roller bearings the roller end/flange contacts to be
particularly suitable for the accommodation reliability
enhanced and lubricant film formation in the SKF’s latest state-of-the-art taper roller
of combined (radial and axial) loads. The contacts to be considerably improved. The
axial load carrying capacity of the bearings bearing design is less sensitive to mis-
contact geometry between rollers and race- alignment (up to two minutes of arc)
is largely determined by the contact angle ways has also been markedly improved by
, which corresponds to the angle of the and offer long life, high reliability and
the "logarithmic" profile, which provides for
outer ring raceway. The larger this angle, low operating temperatures.
optimum stress distribution in the bearing.
the larger the axial load carrying capacity. Optimized raceway surfaces promote lubri-
Taper roller bearings are generally of sepa- cant film formation and correct motion of the
CL7C design offers high
rable design; for example, the inner ring rollers. These improvements have consider- running accuracy and low
with roller and cage assembly forms a unit ably enhanced the performance of SKF friction torque
which can be mounted separately from the taper roller bearings. These taper roller bearings operate
outer ring. under full load without any running-in
Single row taper roller bearings are able Metric bearings risk or temperature peaks.
to accommodate axial loads acting in one
When the current international standard
direction only. Under radial loads, an axial Large product assortment
(ISO 355-1977) was prepared, new designa-
force is produced in the bearing which must Available in a wide range of sizes
tions were devised for the Dimension
be counteracted. Therefore, it is customary including 15 to 320 mm inside
Series, and consequently, for the bearings.
for the single row taper roller bearings to be diameter.
However, since changes in bearing desig-
adjusted against a second taper roller bear-
nations cause difficulties, and if introduced
ing.
would necessitate the alteration of drawings, Quiet running
SKF manufactures single, and double
part lists, etc. both by producer and user, it The outstanding running and dimen-
row taper roller bearings with metric dimen-
was decided that the SKF designations for sional accuracy allows for extremely
sions. The single row bearings listed in the
those bearings which were in accordance silent running conditions.
following product tables are the most preva-
with the earlier ISO/R 355 as well as the
lent. Double row taper roller bearings are
new standard would be retained. New desig- Application flexibility
also included in this catalog.
nations comprising the three symbols of the Depending on application needs SKF
series designation to ISO, prefixed by the has the possibility to provide either
letter T and followed by a three-figure identi- case-carburized or thru-hardened in
fication of the bore diameter in mm were some sizes. Typical applications are
adopted only for the bearing sizes which gearboxes, construction equipment,
were new to the ISO 355-1977 standard; for wheel hubs, and mining bulk
example, T2ED 045. conveyors.

211
Taper Roller Bearings

Introduction

Paired single row taper roller bearings


For bearing arrangements where the load
Figure 2 Variations
carrying capacity of a single bearing is inad- CL7A design
equate or where the shaft has to be located Bearings made to the CL7A design have
in both directions with a given axial play, defined mixed friction characteristics
SKF can supply single row taper roller bear- enabling the bearings to be adjusted to with-
ings as ready-to-mount matched pairs. in narrow limits using the friction torque
Matched pairs of single row taper roller method.
bearings enable economic designs of bear-
ing arrangement to be made and can be CL7C design
supplied by SKF in the arrangements shown
Bearings to the CL7C specifications require
in (figure 2). However, the use of the paired
no running-in and a hydrodynamic lubricant
bearings in face-to-face arrangements shown
film is able to form in the roller end/flange
in the product tables on pages 226 and 227,
so that their friction torque almost from the
which represent the range currently pro-
start of operation is as low as that of the
duced, is recommended. Other sets of bear-
CL7A bearings after running-in. The bear-
ings arranged face-to-face as well as bearing
ings can be adjusted using the preload
sets arranged back-to-back or in tandem can
force/preload path procedures as well as the
be supplied to order if the quantities required
friction torque, as described in the SKF
are economic. Tandem arrangement General Catalog.
Where only a few sets are required it is (suffix DT) Further information on CL7A and CL7C
recommended that they be matched by the
design bearings can be supplied on request.
user, following the instructions given in SKF
Product Information 116.
Four row tapered roller bearings
Matched pairs of bearings arranged face-
to-face are simple in design and easily pro- Four row tapered roller bearings are used in
duced as they consist of two bearings with extremely heavy applications. Consult SKF
an intermediate ring between the two outer Applications Engineering for further details.
rings. The load lines of bearings arranged
face-to-face converge towards the bearing Metric bearing tolerances
axis. Axial loads can be accommodated in SKF single row metric taper roller bearings
both directions, although only by one bearing are manufactured to Normal tolerances as
at a time. standard. Some bearings are also available
Where the bearing set has a back-to-back with higher accuracy - in particular those of
arrangement, two intermediate rings are series 320 X, T4CB and T4DB. Consult SKF
needed: one between the outer rings and Applications Engineering for further details.
one between the inner rings. Such sets are
therefore more expensive to produce. In a Back-to-back arrangement Inch Series
back-to-back arrangement, the load lines of (suffix DB)
SKF manufactures a limited assortment of
the bearings diverge towards the bearing these bearings. Consult SKF USA Inc. prior
axis, so that such bearing arrangements are to design or ordering.
relatively stiff and can accommodate tilting
moments. Axial loads can again be accom-
modated in both directions as for the face-to-
face arrangement.
Sets of bearings arranged in tandem also
call for the use of two intermediate rings
(one between the inner and one between the
outer rings) but such sets are seldom
required. The load lines of bearings arranged
in tandem are parallel to each other so that
radial and axial loads are equally distributed
over the bearing pair. Axial loads can only be
taken up in one direction and the pair is usu-
ally adjusted against a third bearing which Face-to-face arrangement
can take axial loads acting in the opposite (suffix DF)
direction.

212
Taper Roller Bearings
Introduction

Radial and side face runouts of bearings to CL7A and CL7C specifications Loads
d, D* Kia Kea Sia Sea
Equivalent dynamic bearing load for
single row taper roller bearings
over incl. max max max
P = Fr where Fa/Fr ≤ e
mm inches µm in µm in µm in
P = 0.4 Fr + YFa where Fa/Fr > e
10 18 0.3937 0.7087 7 0.0003 - - 38 0.0015
18 30 0.7087 1.1811 8 0.0003 9 0.0004 38 0.0015 The values of factors e and Y will be found
30 50 1.1811 1.9685 10 0.0004 10 0.0004 38 0.0015 in the bearing tables for each individual
bearing.
50 80 1.9685 3.1496 10 0.0004 13 0.0005 38 0.0015 Because the raceways are at an angle to
80 120 3.1496 4.7244 13 0.0005 18 0.0007 38 0.0015 the bearing axis, when taper roller bearings
120 150 4.7244 5.9055 - - 20 0.0008 38 0.0015
are subjected to a radial load an axial force
150 180 5.9055 7.0866 - 23 0.0009 38 0.0015 is induced within the bearing. This must be
considered when calculating the equivalent
dynamic bearing load. All the requisite equa-
*Use "d" for Kia values, use "D" for Kea values. tions for the various bearing arrangements
and load cases are given on the following
page. These are only valid if the bearings are
adjusted against each other to give zero
clearance in operation, but are without pre-
Symbols Axial internal clearance — load. Values for the axial load factor Y for
d nominal bore diameter paired tapered roller bearings bearings can be found in the bearing tables.
D nominal outside diameter The axial internal clearance of paired single
Kia radial runout of assembled bearing row taper roller bearings is determined by Equivalent dynamic bearing load for
inner ring the intermediate rings between the two bear- two bearings arranged face-to-face in a
ings of the matched pair. The bearing pairs matched set
Kea radial runout of assembled bearing
shown in the bearing tables are produced
outer ring
with the standard bearing clearance shown P = Fr + YFa where Fa/Fr ≤ e
Sia side face runout with reference in table 1. The values apply to bearings
to raceway of assembled bearing before they are mounted and under measur- P = 0.67 Fr + Y2Fa where Fa/Fr > e
inner ring ing loads of
Sea side face runout with reference Fr and Fa are the forces acting on the bear-
to raceway of assembled bearing • 100 N for bearings with an outside ing pair. Values of the factors e, Y1 and Y2
outer ring diameter D ≤ 90 mm, are given for each bearing pair in the bearing
tables; they apply to the bearing pair.
• 300 N for bearings with an outside Information regarding the calculation of the
diameter 90 < D ≤ 240 mm, and equivalent load for sets of bearings arranged
• 500 N for bearings with an outside
Internal Clearance diameter D > 240 mm.
back-to-back or in tandem will be found in
SKF Product Information 116.
Axial internal clearance — single row
Matched bearing sets having a clearance
The internal clearance of single row taper other than the standard value are identified
roller bearings can only be obtained after by the designation suffix C followed by a two
mounting and is determined by adjustment of or three-figure number which gives the mean
the bearing against a second bearing which axial clearance in µm. The range of the spe-
provides location in the opposite direction. cial clearance is; however, the same as for
Further details will be found in SKF General the standard clearance; for example, for the
Catalog (4000 US). bearing set designated 32048 X/DFC205,
having a mean axial clearance of 205 µm,
the clearance limits are 175 and 235 µm
since the range from the table below for a
320X series bearing with 240 mm bore is
500-440 = 60 µm.

213
Taper Roller Bearings

Introduction

Table 1 Total width tolerances and standard internal clearance of matched single row metric taper roller bearings

Bore Total width tolerance TsDF


diameter Series Series
d 320 X 302, 322 313 (X)
over incl. max min max min max min
mm inches µm inches µm inches µm inches

- 30 1.1811 +550 +100 0.0217 0.0039 +550 +100 0.0217 0.0039 +500 +50 0.0197 0.0020
30 40 1.1811 1.5748 +550 +100 0.0217 0.0039 +600 +100 0.0236 0.0039 +550 +50 0.0217 0.0020
40 50 1.5748 1.9685 +600 +150 0.0236 0.0059 +600 +100 0.0236 0.0039 +550 +50 0.0217 0.0020

50 65 1.9685 2.5591 +600 +150 0.0236 0.0059 +600 +150 0.0236 0.0059 +550 +100 0.0217 0.0039
65 80 2.5591 3.1496 +600 +150 0.0236 0.0059 +650 +150 0.0256 0.0059 +600 +100 0.0236 0.0039
80 100 3.1496 3.9370 +650 -250 0.0256 -0.0098 +700 -200 0.0276 -0.0079 +600 -300 0.0236 -0.0118

100 120 3.9370 4.7244 +700 -200 0.0276 -0.0079 +700 -200 0.0276 -0.0079 +600 -300 0.0236 -0.0118
120 140 4.7244 5.5118 1000 -350 0.0394 -0.0138 1000 -300 0.0394 -0.0118 +950 -350 0.0374 -0.0138
140 160 5.5118 6.2992 1050 -250 0.0413 -0.0098 1050 -250 0.0413 -0.0098 +950 -300 0.0374 -0.0118

160 180 6.2992 7.0866 1100 -200 0.0433 -0.0079 1100 -200 0.0433 -0.0079 - -
180 200 7.0866 7.8740 1100 -200 0.0433 -0.0079 1100 -200 0.0433 -0.0079 - -
200 225 7.8740 8.8583 1150 -150 0.0453 -0.0059 1150 -150 0.0453 -0.0059 - -

225 250 8.8583 9.8425 1200 -100 0.0472 -0.0039 1200 -100 0.0472 -0.0039 - -
250 280 9.8425 11.0236 1250 -50 0.0492 -0.0020 - - - -

Bore Axial internal clearance


diameter
d Series 320 X Series 302, 322 Series 313 (X)
over incl. min max min max min max
mm inches µm inches µm inches µm inches

- 30 1.1811 80 120 0.0031 0.0047 100 140 0.0039 0.0055 60 100 0.0024 0.0039
30 40 1.1811 1.5748 100 140 0.0039 0.0055 120 160 0.0047 0.0063 70 110 0.0028 0.0043
40 50 1.5748 1.9685 120 160 0.0047 0.0063 140 180 0.0055 0.0071 80 120 0.0031 0.0047

50 65 1.9685 2.5591 140 180 0.0055 0.0071 160 200 0.0063 0.0079 100 140 0.0039 0.0055
65 80 2.5591 3.1496 160 200 0.0063 0.0079 180 220 0.0071 0.0087 110 170 0.0043 0.0067
80 100 3.1496 3.9370 190 230 0.0075 0.0091 210 270 0.0083 0.0106 110 170 0.0043 0.0067

100 120 3.9370 4.7244 220 280 0.0087 0.0110 220 280 0.0087 0.0110 130 190 0.0051 0.0075
120 140 4.7244 5.5118 240 300 0.0094 0.0118 240 300 0.0094 0.0118 160 220 0.0063 0.0087
140 160 5.5118 6.2992 270 330 0.0106 0.0130 270 330 0.0106 0.0130 180 240 0.0071 0.0094

160 180 6.2992 7.0866 310 370 0.0122 0.0146 310 370 0.0122 0.0146 - -
180 200 7.0866 7.8740 340 400 0.0134 0.0157 340 400 0.0134 0.0157 - -
200 225 7.8740 8.8583 390 450 0.0154 0.0177 390 450 0.0154 0.0177 - -

225 250 8.8583 9.8425 440 500 0.0173 0.0197 440 500 0.0173 0.0197 - -
250 280 9.8425 11.0236 490 550 0.0193 0.0217 490 550 0.0193 0.0217 - -
193 217 0.0076 0.0085 193 217 0.0076 0.0085

214
Taper Roller Bearings
Introduction

Minimum Load Frequency Vibration


In order to guarantee the satisfactory opera-
tion of all ball and roller bearings they must
Data
always be subjected to a given minimum Frequency vibration data is available on the
load. This is also true of taper roller bearings, SKF website www.skf.com in the Interactive
particularly if they run at high speeds where Engineering Catalog or by contacting SKF
the inertia forces of the rollers and cage, and Applications Engineering.
the friction in the lubricant can have a detri-
mental influence on the rolling conditions in
the bearing and may cause damaging sliding
movements to occur between the rollers and
Design of Bearing
the raceways.
The requisite minimum radial load to be
Arrangements
applied in such cases can be determined by When designing bearing arrangements
using the Interactive Engineering Catalog on incorporating single row taper roller bear-
the SKF website www.skf.com or by contact- ings, it is necessary to consider the special
ing SKF Applications Engineering. However, characteristics of these bearings. Because
the weight of the components supported by of their internal design, they cannot be used
the bearing, together with the external singly and a second bearing is required, or
forces, often exceeds the requisite minimum alternatively a paired set (figure 2, page
load. If this is not the case, an additional 212) may be used.
radial load must be applied to the bearing, Where the arrangement comprises two
for example, by increasing belt tension or single row taper roller bearings, they must
similar means. be adjusted against each other until the
desired operational clearance or requisite
preload is achieved.
A correctly dimensioned operational clear-
ance or preload is vital to the correct per-
formance of single row taper roller bearings
and also to the operational reliability of the
bearing arrangement. If the operational
clearance is too great, then the full load car-
rying capacity of the bearing will not be
exploited for example, and if the preload is
too large then frictional losses will be
greater, the operating temperature higher
and the life shorter.

215

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